THE

JohnstoneCOASTAL PLAN - Bute

Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management and Marine Planning Branch

December 2004 COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute D1.77 04339’’911C2004-960040-0 333.91’7’097111 HD319.B7B74 2004 – Environmental conditions. 6. –Environmental ButeInlet(B.C.) conditions. I. Title. Strait Region. 4. Landuse-BritishColumbia–Bute InletRegion. 5. (B.C.) policy -BritishColumbia–ButeInletRegion. 3. Landuse-BritishColumbiaJohnstone –Johnstone StraitRegion. 2. Coastalzonemanagement–Government 1. Coastalzonemanagement–Government policy– ISBN 0-7726-5152-3 Also available ontheInternet. “December, 2004” The Johnstone-Bute CoastalPlan. British Columbia. CoastandMarinePlanningBranch. ofCanadaCataloguinginPublicationData National Library The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Plan Announcement...... i DFO Letter of Recognition...... iii Acknowledgements...... iv Acronyms and Definitions ...... xii 1.0 Introduction...... 1 1.1 Location ...... 1 1.2 Plan Rationale and Intent...... 1 1.3 Jurisdiction and Scope ...... 1 1.4 Planning Process...... 1 2.0 Plan Area Description ...... 5 2.1 Physical and Oceanographic Features...... 5 2.2 British Columbia Marine Ecological Classification...... 7 2.3 Marine Habitat ...... 12 2.4 Biological Features ...... 18 2.5 Social and Economic Profile...... 29 2.6 Economic Structure and Trends ...... 32 2.7 Economic Activities...... 32 3.0 Plan Framework and Direction...... 39 3.1 Use of the Plan...... 39 3.2 Planning Units and Unit Data...... 39 3.3 Defining Areas of Ecological Significance ...... 40 3.4 Uses and Activities...... 41 3.5 Determination of Use Acceptability...... 41 3.6 Planning Unit Direction ...... 42 3.7 Site Specific Considerations for Tenure Applications...... 43 3.8 Aquaculture Assessment/Opportunity...... 44 3.9 Xwémalhkwu Coastal and Marine Planning ...... 44 3.10 Upland Owner Riparian Rights ...... 45 3.11 Navigable Waters...... 45 3.12 Planning Unit Direction...... 47 Planning Unit Example...... 47 Unit 1. Port Neville...... 51 Unit 2. Upper Johnstone...... 55 Unit 3.Yorke ...... 59 Unit 4. Sunderland Channel ...... 63 Unit 5.Topaze Harbour...... 67 Unit 6. Wellbore Channel...... 71 Unit 7. Current - Race...... 75 Unit 8. Chancellor Channel...... 79 Unit 9. South Johnstone...... 83 Unit 10. Philips Arm...... 87 Unit 11. Nodales Channel...... 91 Unit 12. Frederick - Estero...... 95 Unit 13. Rapids ...... 99 Unit 14. Okisollo – Hole in the Wall...... 105 Unit 15. Bute Entrance ...... 109 Unit 16. Lower Bute...... 113 Unit 17. Orford...... 119 Unit 18. Upper Bute...... 125 Unit 19. Loughborough ...... 131 Unit 20. Mayne Passage...... 135 4.0 Plan Assessment ...... 137 4.1 Environmental Components and Mitigation Measures...... 137 4.2 Economic Implications of Recommendations...... 139 5.0 Summary and Follow-up ...... 141 5.1 Summary of Plan Recommendations...... 141 5.2 Information Limitations ...... 141 5.3 Summary of Recommendations for Land Act Notations...... 143 5.4 Commercial Recreation Operating Practices Guidelines...... 143 5.5 Plan Variation Process ...... 143 5.6 First Nation Contact and Considerations/Provisions...... 144 5.7 Plan Review and Amendment...... 144 5.8 Summary of Follow Up Activities...... 145

Appendices Appendix 1. Governance Principles for Sustainable Resource Management...... 146 Appendix 2. , Agency, and Interest Group Discussions...... 147 Appendix 3. Submissions from First Nations and Local Governments...... 148 Appendix 4. Data Sources...... 177 Appendix 5. Decision Tools...... 179 Appendix 6. DFO Site Specific Assessment Considerations...... 187 Appendix 7. Legislation and Regulations ...... 195 Appendix 8. References...... 201

List of Tables Table 1. Generalized Process For The Johnstone-Bute Coastal Plan...... 3 Table 2. Shore Zone Classification Criteria...... 10 Table 3. Habitat Categories, Associated Physical Features, Ecological Attributes And Function...... 13 Table 4. Utilization Of The Habitat Categories For And Selected Groundfish Species...... 21 Table 5. Seasonal Utilization Of Habitat Categories By Shellfish Species...... 23 Table 6. Utilization Of The Habitat Categories And Planning Units By Marine Birds...... 25 Table 7. Seabird Colonies And Areas Of Notable Use By Marine And Coastal Birds...... 27 Table 8. Identified Eagle Nesting Areas ...... 28 Table 9. Seasonal Utilization Of Known Habitat Categories By Marine Mammals...... 29 Table 10.Red And Blue Listed Species In The Johnstone-Bute Plan Area...... 30 Table 11.Aquaculture Production In The Johnstone-Bute Coastal Plan Area 1999-2002...... 33 Table 12.Commercial Salmon And Shellfish Catch Statistics: Area 13, 2003...... 34 Table 13.Estimated Annual Harvest In The PlAn Area...... 35 Table 14.CCLRMP Candidate Protection Areas ...... 37 Table 15.Summary Of Tourism Opportunity Studies SWOT Analysis For District, . and Stuart Island ...... 38 Table 16.Foreshore And Nearshore Uses ...... 41 Table 17.Foreshore And Nearshore Activities...... 42 Table 18.Code For Acceptable Uses And Activities...... 43 Table 19.Management Emphasis Categories ...... 43 Table 20.Distribution of Key Biological Atributes By Management Emphasis Category...... 139 Table 21.Economic Impact Coefficients For Selected Coastal Uses...... 140 Table 22.Summary Of Recommended Uses By Planning Unit ...... 141 The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN COASTAL PLAN 85 86 .... 8 ... 26 ..180 ute .....184 B ...... 185 ...... 182 ...... 183 ...... 5 e - e ...... 42 n ...... 177 ...... 30 ...... 32 ...... 6 ...... 7 ...... 145 sto ...... 11 ...... 1 ...... 143 ...... 49 ...... 144 ...... 33 hn ...... 188 o ...... 10 J e ...... 143 ...... 180 ...... 180 Th Table 39. Use/Resource Compatibility and Referral Requirements: Floating Lodges/Base Camps...... 1 Floating Lodges/Base Requirements: Referral Compatibility and Use/Resource 39. Table Best Management Practices...... 40. Table Table 38. Use/Resource Compatibility and Referral Requirements: Floating Lodges/Base Camps...... 1 Floating Lodges/Base Requirements: Referral Compatibility and Use/Resource 38. Table Table 37. Use/Resource Compatibility and Referral Requirements: Private/Public Utilities...... Requirements: Compatibility and Referral Use/Resource 37. Table List of Figures 1.Figure Area...... Coastal Plan Johnstone-Bute Table 34. Use/Resource Compatibility and Referral Requirements: Log Handling Storage and Infrastructure Log Requirements: Compatibility and Referral Use/Resource ...... 183 34. Table Docks...... Private Requirements: Compatibility and Referral Use/Resource 35. Table Sites...... Communications Requirements: Compatibility and Referral Use/Resource 36. Table 2.Figure Area The Johnstone-Bute ...... And Land Use Patterns In Topography Victoria 1971- 2000...... 3. 6 Figure And Point Chatham The Campbell River, At Temperatures Mean Monthly 4.Figure 1971-2000 Point And Chatham At Campbell River ...... Levels Precipitation Mean Monthly 6 5.Figure And At Chatham Point Winds Observed And Maximum And Force Direction Average Wind Roses Showing 6.Figure Area...... Plan The Johnstone-Bute Stratification In 7.Figure Area...... Plan The Johnstone-Bute Salinity In Water Surface Minimum Annual Average 8.Figure And July...... Airport In January Comox And Bute Inlet Strait Climates In Johnstone ...... Wave An Indicator Of 9 As Regimes Exposure 9.Figure Area Plan The Johnstone-Bute ...... In 9 Temperature Water Summer Sea Bottom Minimum 10.Figure Zone Biobands Shore ...... Shoreline...... Area Plan 11 Total Of A Percentage As 11.Figure Area Plan In Johnstone-Bute Types Summary Of Shore 12.Figure Description...... Type Planning Unit Shore 13.Figure April 2003 Coastal Birds And ...... Of Notable Use By Marine Areas CWS Identified 14.Figure And BC...... Area Comparison Of Plan Age Profile 15.Figure By Industry 2001...... Force Experienced Labour 16.Figure 1996...... Income Dependency 17.Figure Acceptabliity Determination...... Of Conceptual Diagram 18.Figure Planning Unit Maps...... Legend For Table 23.Summary Of Foreshore / Nearshore Areas Recommended For Land Act Notation Of Interest (Noi) Of Interest Act Notation Land Recommended For Areas ...... 142 23.Summary / Nearshore Table Of Foreshore Colonies Bird Practices For Operating Recreation Commercial 24.Summary For Requiring Guidelines Areas Table Of And Migratory Habitat Bird ...... Table 25.Summary Of Areas Requiring Guidelines For Commercial Recreation Operating Practices For Bear Viewing...... Bear .. Practices For Operating Recreation Commercial 25.Summary For Requiring Guidelines Areas Table Of 26.First Nation Contact Information...... Table 27.SummaryActivities...... Up Table Schedule Of Follow - Bute Coastal Plan...... Used In Johnstone Sources Data 28. TablE Key ...... 29. Table Sources...... 30. Table Aquaculture Beach Shellfish ...... Requirements: Compatibility and Referral Use/Resource 31. Table Water...... 181 Deep Aquaculture Beach Shellfish Requirements: Compatibility and Referral Use/Resource 32. Table Aquaculture...... Finfish Requirements: Compatibility and Referral Use/Resource 33. Table COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute i i COASTAL PLAN - - - - ute ute BB HU\ e - - e e nn sto sto hn hn ULHVDQG2FHDQVDQGFRQ DJUHDWVRXUFHRILQIRUPD oo QDEOHRSSRUWXQLWLHVWRVXS LQDEOHPDULQHGHYHORSPHQW JJ HLQIRUFHVORFDOFRPPXQLW\ RXULVPVKHOO¿VKDQG¿Q¿VK e e KD%D\5HVRUW ZRUNZLWKORFDOFRPPXQLWLHV OXGHVDVVRFLDWHGFKDQQHOVDQG SPHQW´VDLG9LVVHU³:LWKWKLV OYDOXHVLQWKHUHJLRQDQQRXQFHG HFWDUHVRIPDULQHDUHD DQFHPHQWRIDTXDFXOWXUHDQGWRXU RDVWDO3ODQSURFHVV7KLVKHOSVDOO RSHUDWLYHDSSURDFKWRRXWVWDQGLQJ Th Th QPHQWDOO\VHQVLWLYH´ SPHQWLQFOXGLQJGRFNVZKDUYHV URFHVV RXUSURGXFWVDQGRSSRUWXQLWLHV´VDLG LG0LQLVWHURI6XVWDLQDEOH5HVRXUFH UVW1DWLRQVLQGXVWU\HQYLURQPHQWDO -more NEWS RELEASE &RDVWDO3ODQDUHDLVORFDWHGLQWKH-RKQVWRQH6WUDLWDQG'LVFRY COASTAL PLAN PROMOTES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROMOTES ECONOMIC COASTAL Johnstone-Bute 7KHSODQZDVGHYHORSHGFROODERUDWLYHO\ZLWK'HSDUWPHQWRI)LVKH The ³7KHSODQKHOSVLGHQWLI\DSSURSULDWHVLWHVIRULQYHVWPHQWDQGU 7KHFRDVWDOSODQLGHQWL¿HVSRWHQWLDOVLWHVIRUUHFUHDWLRQDQGW ³&RPPXQLWLHVDQGLQGXVWU\KDYHWROGXVWKH\QHHGVWDEOHVXVWDL ³7KHSODQJLYHVQHZDQGH[LVWLQJPDULQHEDVHGWRXULVPRSHUDWRUV WLRQWRHIIHFWLYHO\DOORZIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWDQGDQDO\VLVRIW -LP'DYLVRZQHURSHUDWRURI'HVWLQ\5LYHU$GYHQWXUHVDQG0RXWF WLQXHVWKHZRUNLQJUHODWLRQVKLSSLORWHGLQWKH4XDWVLQR6RXQG& OHYHOVRIJRYHUQPHQWZRUNWRJHWKHUWRVKDUHGDWDDQGEXLOGDFR concerns regarding habitat management. &$03%(//5,9(5±7KH-RKQVWRQ%XWH&RDVWDO3ODQLGHQWL¿HVVXVWD For Immediate Release Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management Ministry of Sustainable Resource For Immediate Release 2004SRM0046-001072 Dec. 15, 2004 DQGGLYHUVL¿FDWLRQRSSRUWXQLWLHVZKLOHPDLQWDLQLQJHQYLURQPHQWD today. Visser Rod North Island MLA DQG)LUVW1DWLRQVHIIRUWVWRLPSURYHDQGH[SDQGHFRQRPLFGHYHOR SODQLQSODFHZHZLOOVHHWKHORFDOHFRQRP\EHQH¿WIURPWKHHQK LVP´ DTXDFXOWXUHDVZHOODVVWUXFWXUHVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKXSODQGGHYHOR DQGRWKHULQIUDVWUXFWXUH$OONH\LQWHUHVWJURXSVLQFOXGLQJ)L DQGUHFUHDWLRQRUJDQL]DWLRQVSDUWLFLSDWHGLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWS SRUWLQYHVWPHQWDQGMREVIRUWKHLUIDPLOLHVDQGWKHIXWXUH´VD 0DQDJHPHQW*HRUJH$EERWW³:LWKWKLVSODQZHKDYHEHHQDEOHWR for access to natural resources and identify areas to increase and First Nations to create certainty LQYHVWPHQWRSSRUWXQLWLHVZKLOHFRQVHUYLQJDUHDVWKDWDUHHQYLUR ,VODQGVEHWZHHQ9DQFRXYHU,VODQGDQGWKH0DLQODQGFRDVWDQGLQF LQOHWV7KHDUHDHQFRPSDVVHVNPRIVKRUHOLQHDQGK COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute ii online. 7KHSODQLVDYDLODEOHDW Plan. MaritimeHeritageCentre:CampbellRiver announce thecompletionofJohnstone-Bute George Abbott andMLA NorthIslandRodVisser Minister ofSustainableResourceManagement Media FRQWDFW Visit theProvince’swebsiteat 0LNH/RQJ  Management Ministry ofSustainableResource Communications Director KWWSVUPZZZJRYEFFDUPGFRDVWDOQRUWKBLVODQGMRKQVWRQHBEXWH www.gov.bc.ca  - 2- Rob Paynter  &RDVWDO0DULQH3ODQQLQJ2I¿FHU Maritime HeritageCentre:CampbellRiver Chief DallasSmith(TlowtsisFirstNation). Strathcona RegionalDistrictChairJim Abrams (left)and of theJohnstone-ButeCoastalPlan.;joinedbyComox Xwémalhkwu (Homlaco)FirstNationinthedevelopment Chief DarrenBlaneycommentsontheparticipationof foronlineinformationandservices. LQGH[KWP iii COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn o J e Th COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute iv Wong, Robinson Gary andBrian Woodman. Valuable consultingassistancewasprovided by Violet Kormori, Rupert Rick Deegan andCarol Ogborne (MSRM,Decision Support Services). and ChadEgan (MSRM, Victoria) from withtechnicalandmappingsupport The planwasprepared by Graham Winterbottom, John Bones,Rob Paynter Deborah Sargent, LisaBrinkman, LisaBerg andJudith Walker. Strathcona fortheirassistanceandinput;inparticular, Gerard LeBlanc, Thanks are alsoextendedtostaffattheRegional District ofComox Amey, andstaff(Canadian Wildlife Service). Naylor, Jim SchellenbergandBobGowe (CanadianCoastGuard), Krista and Richard Brunning (LWBC), Jim RussellCaine(MAFF),Jim andGary Plan. Thanks are extendedtoDuncan Williams, Ken Albrecht, Sean Herbert Provincial andfederalgovernment contributionstothe staffmadeimportant Habitat Branch. Chris Bunn, Fisheries Guardian andMelody Farrell oftheRegional Oceans/ SteveDFO, inparticular: Diggon oftheCentralCoastArea office,Captain The Plan wasimproved uponby theknowledge ofthestaff andexpertise Nelson. Lawrence Dan Lewis, Smith, Rod Naknakim, Wayne Jacob andJohnny Council. The Hamatla Treaty Society alsoprovided valuable inputthrough input andreview, ChiefErnie Hardy, inparticular Richard Hardy and and LeeSchmidt(formerlyCaffrey). The Comox First Nation provided advisors, Mike Morrell, Eric Blueschke, RandyBouchard, Dorothy Kennedy Florence Hackett, Bill Blaney, Jimmy Wilson, Marion Harry, andtheir Xwémalhkwu First Nation, ChiefDarren particularly Blaney, Clyde Leo, The Plan benefitedgreatly andreview from by theparticipation the Chief Darren Blaney, Jim Heppner, LindaJay, Shawn Burke andJim Abram. local members:Rupert Gale, Jim Davis, Heather Sprout, CharlieCornfield, work, adviceandinsight. The committeewascomprisedofthefollowing Special committeefortheirhard thanksare extendedtotheplanadvisory of manyindividuals. The Johnstone-Bute CoastalPlan wasshapedby theadviceandkindsupport A CKNOWLEDGEMENTS v COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn o J e Th A notation on LWBC reference maps of an interest in an area of Crown land by land by of Crown in an area maps of an interest reference A notation on LWBC The area between the mean high tide and low tide mark (i.e. below zero tide). zero (i.e. below tide mark the mean high tide and low between The area The likelihood of an area’s biological, physical or oceanographic attributes to successfully The likelihood of an area’s Includes any indigenous species or subspecies that have, or are candidates for status as or are any indigenous species or subspecies that have, Includes Includes any indigenous species or subspecies considered to be vulnerable in British Columbia. to be vulnerable in British or subspecies considered any indigenous species Includes A reserve established on LWBC reference maps to temporarily withdraw Crown land from land from maps to temporarily withdraw Crown reference A reserve established on LWBC Includes red, green urchins, octopus, crab, prawn, shrimp, sea cucumber. prawn, shrimp, octopus, crab, urchins, green red, Includes The sub tidal area below low tide mark (i.e. below zero tide), generally extending to the 20 zero (i.e. below tide mark low below The sub tidal area the sub tidal area seaward of the 20 metre bathymetry of the 20 metre depth. seaward the sub tidal area Land and Water British Columbia Inc. Columbia British Water Land and BC Ready Mix Concrete Association Concrete Mix BC Ready for – responsibilities (Note and Oceans Fisheries Coast Guard, Canadian Canada) Transport to in transition currently Act Protection Waters Navigable Plan Management and Resource Central Coast Land of Environment of Ministers Canadian Council WLAP Conservation Centre, Data Provincial MSRM Branch, Planning Coast and Marine in Canada Wildlife of Endangered Status Committee on the Canada) and Oceans as Fisheries (also known and Oceans Department of Fisheries Federal Plan Action River Fraser District Regional Greater Branch Enhancement DFO Habitat and Fisheries Food Ministry of Agriculture, Provincial and Mines Ministry of Energy Provincial Ministry of Environment Provincial Ministry of Forests Provincial Management Resource Ministry of Sustainable Provincial Strathcona Comox of District Regional Provincial Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection. This agency includes the Provincial Park Park This agency includes the Provincial Land and Air Protection. Water, Ministry of Provincial management and planning function. areas and protected Notation of Interest: Notation Reserve: Reserve: Finfish aquaculture opportunity study map category (Opportunity Area 2), used to denote areas with low opportunity with low study map category aquaculture 2), used to denote areas (Opportunity Area Finfish Finfish aquaculture opportunity with high study map category aquaculture 1), used to denote areas (Opportunity Area Finfish Definitions Capability: Aquaculture purposes, using of shellfish, finfish or marine plants for commercial or cultivation accommodate the growing an drawn from are in this Plan ratings the case of finfish capability, methods and equipment. In standard siting criteria associated with as government capability as well which included map, opportunity study” “aquaculture and land designations. other resources Listed Species: Blue siting criteria. government and which meet current to poor biophysical capability for finfish aquaculture; Listed Species: Red Foreshore (intertidal) area: Foreshore Invertebrates: siting criteria. government and which meet current to moderate biophysical capability for finfish aquaculture; OA2: Columbia. species in British or threatened extirpated, endangered, Land Act OA1: metre bathymetric depth. metre area: Offshore Acronyms Acronyms BCRMCA: CCG: CCLRMP: CCME: CDC: CMPB: COSEWIC: DFO: FRAP: GVRD: HEB: LWBC: MAFF: MEM: MOE: MOF: MSRM: RDCS: WLAP: to agencies whose particular or interests mandate, programs an initial referral ensures It agency. another government the opportunity for the affected agency to identify priority and provides the issuance of tenure, may be affected by does not further planning is contemplated. It where areas may be used over issues, concerns or conditions. It the acceptance of land applications. preclude Land Act agencies to undertake to permit other planning, to provide area an A reserve over is placed tenure. disposition by temporary use. or to maintain options for future protection area: Nearshore COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute vi UREP: rights, termsandconditionsofuseoccupancy. licence ofoccupationorlease. The typeoftenure isnormallydictatedby LWBC policyandconveys different Tenure: Upland: A A legalrighttooccupyanduseCrown landunderthe The terrestrial area extendingapproximately 200metersinlandfrom thehighesttideline. Land Act reserve ornotationofinterest reserve establishedforthe“use, recreation andenjoyment ofthepublic.” Land Act. Tenure maytakethe formofapermit, 1 COASTAL PLAN ute ), and B e - e n intra fauces terrae intra sto hn o J e Th the lands covered by these waters. Inland waters are waters are waters. Inland these by the lands covered waters within an indented coastline, such as harbours, headlands between bays and estuaries, including areas Court of The Supreme along the outer coast. Canada, in a 1984 decision, also confirmed the the waters and the lands, of ownership Province’s of the seabed minerals and other natural resources Johnstone de Fuca, Juan and subsoil in the Georgia, The Johnstone-Bute Coastal Plan provides provides Coastal Plan The Johnstone-Bute for acceptable uses of foreshore recommendations within the provincial areas and nearshore overviewThis is neither a jurisdiction. government’s nor a position statement of the legal interpretation, Columbia; nor does it address of British Province rights and title issues. Nations’ First the is complicated by in the coastal zone Jurisdiction land (including seabed) between relationship resources. authority over and legislative ownership is a common public misconception that the There in coastal or role has no jurisdiction Province authority management, due to federal government fisheries management, marine mammal over management, migratory and marine birds, as the high profile as well transportation and safety, of these issues within coastal communities. is an important land owner however, The Province, the foreshore owns The Province in the coastal zone. the addition, of its coastline. In (intertidal) areas or waters coastal “inland waters”, owns Province ( the jaws of the land” “within The Johnstone-Bute Plan Area currently supports a currently Area Plan The Johnstone-Bute These include various activities. range of economic shellfish finfish aquaculture, fisheries, commercial marine log handling and storage, aquaculture, transportation, and public and commercial an array of also contains Area The Plan recreation. values. and cultural resources sensitive the basis provides Plan Coastal The Johnstone-Bute on an environmentally for coastal development with the is consistent This Plan sustainable basis. principles for sustainability, MSRM governance 1. in Appendix presented and Scope Jurisdiction 1.3. Johnstone-Bute Coastal Plan Area Area Coastal Plan Johnstone-Bute NTRODUCTION Many coastal communities in British Columbia have Columbia have coastal communities in British Many experienced significant economic decline and in industrial forestry population loss due to reductions of those communities fishing. Many and commercial looking for opportunities and expand to diversify are resources sensitive their economies while protecting A priority of the Ministry of Sustainable and values. (MSRM) is to use coastal Management Resource planning to enhance sustainable economic opportunitiesdevelopment of coastal communities communities) while Nations (including First values. maintaining environmental 1.2. Plan Rationale and Intent 1.2. 1.1 Location is situated on Area Plan Coastal The Johnstone-Bute and Island Vancouver coast between Pacific Canada’s The 1). Columbia (Figure the of British Neville Port extends from Area Plan Johnstone-Bute to the northern through portion Strait on Johnstone and foreshore and includes the Passage of Discovery the mainland Island, Vancouver of areas nearshore islands and islets within this coast and the associated are Area The two largest within the Plan area. total, 1). In (Figure Inlet and Bute Loughborough km from 102 extends approximately Area the Plan km of shoreline encompassing 1,099 east to west, and 83,996 ha of marine area. I Figure 1. Figure COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 2 address arange oftenure programs thatare provincial jurisdiction. These recommendations uses forforeshore and nearshore watersincludedunder This Plan provides recommendations for acceptable Johnstone-Bute CoastalPlan. withinthecontext ofthe position ontheseviews of Sustainable Resource Management takesno within thePlan Area’s southernlimit. The Ministry First Nation’s falls traditionalterritory much ofthePlan Area. extentofthe The northern thatextendsacross identified traditionalterritory The Xwémalhkwu(Homalco) First Nation has traditional territoriescovering theentire Plan Area. Kwiakah, and Tlowitsis First Nations, hasidentified Weserving body WaiK’omox, WeKai, WaiKum, Hamatla Treaty Society, anon-profit administrative Area of rightsandtitleover landandwatersinthePlan governments. These First Nations have madeclaims negotiation process withtheprovincial andfederal Nations are allpresently intheB.C.T.C. treaty We Wai Kum, Kwiakah, Tlowitsis andKlahooseFirst The Xwémalhkwu(Homalco), We Wai Kai,K'omox, processes. Nations interests inlandusedecisionmaking provincial agenciestoseekaccommodateFirst policies reflect recent decisionsandrequire court nearshore useapplications.Provincial consultation the decisionmakingprocess forforeshore and taken intoaccountby theprovincial government in coastal developments, andwhichmusttherefore be Aboriginal rightsthatmaybepotentiallyaffectedby addition, First Nations have legally established requirements, anduplandowner riparianrights.In zoning by-laws, regulations anddevelopment influence coastalmanagementactivitythrough Local governments andprivate owners property also and inlandwaters. establishment,andtenurereserve ofcoastalforeshore for provincial coastalplanning,park andecological provincially owned publiclandsprovide therationale jurisdiction over suchmattersasthemanagementof Accordingly, theProvince’s ownership andlegislative limit are owned by thefederalgovernment. boundaries ofinlandwaters,seaward totheterritorial coastline from thelow watermark, orfrom the Offshore areas alongBritish Columbia’s western areas are alsoowned by theProvince. and Queen CharlotteStraits. Thus, manysub-tidal government plansandthisplanbecompatible. area by-laws, althoughitispreferred thatlocal to alterorinterfere withprovincial legislationorlocal or uses.Its recommendations are alsonotintended respecting foreshore andnearshore rights,ownership treaty negotiationsorsettlementsthatmayoccur Its recommendations are notintendedtolimitany use ofprivate land,federalorIndian Reserves. This Plan doesnotmakerecommendations regarding is completed. will beapproved by LWBC afterthereferral process types ofapplicationsdeemedacceptableinthePlan referral process ofLWBC, nordoesitimplythat opportunities. The Plan doesnotreplace thetenure orlimitedwithrespectreserved totenure recreation values thatshouldbe andconservation Incorporated (LWBC). The Plan alsoaddresses administered by Landand Water British Columbia and meetingsisprovided inAppendix 2. input forPlan development. A listofthesegroups the area were consulteduponandasked toprovide agreement onitsrecommendations. First Nations in asrepresentingbut shouldnotbeconstrued their reflects inputandadviceprovided by thecommittee, planning materialsandstrategies. The finalplan during plandevelopment toreview anddiscussvarious interests withinthePlan Area. The group met6times of volunteers representing thedifferent areas and committeewasformed process. Alocalplanadvisory associationsatvarious stagesthroughout the industry reviewed withinterest groups, stakeholdersand March 10,11and12of2004. The Plan wasalso September 18,24andthe25of2003againon through publicopenhousemeetings,heldon Consultation withthepublictookplaceprimarily based negotiationusingstakeholderplanningtables. interest group engagement,ratherthanconsensus- and tookaconsultative approach topublicand Table 1. The process wasled by government staff the Johnstone-Bute Coastal Plan isgeneralized in The planningprocess usedtodevelop andcomplete 1.4. PlanningProcess The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN

Table 1. Generalized Process for the Johnstone-Bute Coastal Plan January/April 2003 Confirm provincial technical team and terms of reference Confirm process agreements with First Nations and CSRD May/August 2003 Develop and acquire resource data and appropriate map products Meetings with stakeholders and interest groups Hold public open houses to advise public of planning process September/ Establish local advisory committee of stakeholders and local government December 2003 Review draft plan with advisory committee, individual First Nations and government agencies January 2003 Review draft plan with range of stakeholders, First Nations and CSRD Plan revisions Draft Plan posted on web site February/March 2004 Open houses to present plan to communities and stakeholders Plan revisions with advisory group Further revisions as necessary April - November Assessment of economic and environmental implications of the Plan 2004 Formal review by First Nations Formal review by CSRD Further revisions as necessary December 2004 Plan revisions as necessary Sign-off by provincial government

3 5 COASTAL PLAN N The Johnstone - Bute - Johnstone The LIMATE C Bute Inlet is a deep water stretching from Calm from stretching is a deep water fjord Inlet Bute Waddington to its head at Channel, 75 km inland with a maximum has one main basin It Harbour. an outer sill at depth of 650m and of Bute to the west Inlet Loughborough 370m deep. almost as as deep or as wide but stretches not Inlet,is parallel to the larger roughly far inland and is situated bodies of water include Phillips large inlet. Other Harbour, Topaze Arm, Frederick Neville, Arm, Port The Harbour. and Forward Bay , Jackson are the water bodies uplands surrounding delineating with mountains topographically diverse Area. into the Plan catchments flowing various Coastal Mountains the are Area of the Plan Eastward by field surrounded Ice with the Homathko (2575m) and Plateau Cambridge (2704m), Howard Island is the Northern the west To (2545m) peaks. Watchtower and Kokummi Range with Mountain high. 1500m peaks both approximately N The only climate station within the Plan Area is at is at Area The only climate station within the Plan located in the southern portion of Chatham Point, Strait of Johnstone at the convergence Area the Plan climate station at The Passage. and Discovery 30 km southeast of approximately Campbell River, supplemental data; the provides Area, the Plan a comparison airport climate station provides Victoria Island. Vancouver of with southern regions station, comparison to the Campbell River In exhibits noticeably warmer Chatham Point in the winter and cooler in the summer temperatures to 15.8 with a daily mean range of 3.1 °C in January displays Victoria 3). (Figure and August °C in July than either Campbell warmer winter temperatures mean of 4.4 °C in with a or Chatham Point River in the summer with and cooler temperatures January a mean of 14°C in July. an annual station receives The Chatham Point 2200mm of precipitation. of approximately average in comparison, receives Campbell River Victoria 1450mm annually and approximately The minimum monthly average 4). 1200mm (Figure (78 mm), is in July at Chatham Point precipitation (267 mm) in October a sharp increase by followed Source: MSRM Decision Support Services 2003 Support MSRM Decision Source: ESCRIPTION N D REA . Topography and Land Use Patterns in the Johnstone and Land Use Patterns in the Johnstone Topography . A ANDSCAPE L LAN The eastern portion of the Plan Area is dominated by is dominated by The eastern portion Area of the Plan half of the waters, beaches and islands of the lower Channel and including Sunderland Strait, Johnstone portion of the The remaining Inlet. Loughborough as as well Passage, of Discovery consists Area Plan and the Inlet Arm, Bute Arm, Frederick Phillips Vancouver series of channels and islands between is Area Plan The entire and the mainland. Island Island Vancouver situated to the east side of the from and is subsequently sheltered (inclusive) action. wind and wave Ocean’s Pacific The landscape of the Plan Area consists of a highly Area Plan The landscape of the islands and islets. with numerous indented coastline, Area a satellite image of the Plan 2 presents Figure landscape. marine passage includes: one major Area The Plan and the northern portion of (Johnstone Strait and two long inlets (Bute Passage), Discovery between and a series of channels Loughborough) smaller the mainland and five Island, Vancouver as the collectively known islands in between East Thurlow, West (Hardwicke, Islands Discovery and Stuart). Sonora Thurlow, 2.1. Physical and Physical 2.1. Features Oceanographic N P Figure 2 Figure Strait/ Bute Inlet area COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 6 and Victoria 1971-2000 Figure 3. Point 1971-2000 Figure 4. Rainfall (millimetres) Temperature (celsius) 10 12 14 16 18 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 2 4 6 8 50 0 J n e.Mr A Mar. Feb. an. J indicates strength ofstrongest windsfrom thatdirection, andnumber incircle shows percentage ofcalmair. Length ofarrow indicatesproportion oftimewindcomesfrom thatdirection, number of ‘feathers’ onarrows Comox (left)andJuly inJanuary (right).Airport Figure 5. n e.Mr A Mar. Feb. an. Mean monthly temperatures attheCampbellRiver, ChathamPoint Mean monthly precipitation levels atCampbellRiver andChatham Source: Environment CanadaNational ClimateArchive www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca Campbell River Chatham Point Victoria Source: Environment CanadaNational ClimateData www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca Wind Rosesshowing average direction andforce andmaximum atChathamPoint windsobserved and p p .Ma r. .Ma r. yJ yJ Campbell River Chatham Point Victoria une une J J ul ul y y Au Au g g .Se .Se p p .Ot o.Dec. Nov. Oct. t. .Ot o.Dec. Nov. Oct. t. Source: CHSSailing Directions BCCoast(South Portion), 1990 Port Neville andLoughborough Inlet into Frederick ArmandPhillips Arm. Passage theyare funneledintonortherly winter. Upon enteringDiscovery N nearshore marineenvironment. thus impactingthestructure ofthe to elevated levels ofstream deposition offfrom precipitationrun mayalsolead the enclosedbaysandinlets.Surface layer withinmanyof brackish surface the area isthepotentialcreation ofa The implicationformarineplanningin precipitation inNovember (323mm). and amaximummonthlyaverage westerly insummerandeasterly Prevailing windsinJohnstone Strait are they mayspillover higherpassesand the headofInlet; aswindsincrease Homathko/Chilcotin areas inlandfrom winds generatedintheinterior up. Bute Inlet experiencesfierce winter layers tofreezemay alsocausesurface incoming tide;colderArctic outflows againstan of theinletswhentheyrun dangerous conditionsnearthemouths inlets inthePlan Area cancreate Outflow windsfrom themanylarge andsoutheast. northwest paralleltoshore,run from the heaviest inwintermonthsandtendto (Figure 5). Winds inthePlan Area are and southerlywinds,respectively W INDS N 7 COASTAL PLAN Marine Ecological Classification, 2001 Ecological Marine N The Johnstone - Bute - Johnstone The Stratification in the Johnstone - Bute Plan Area - Bute Plan Stratification in the Johnstone TRATIFICATION S Source: Provincial Resource Management Information System, British Columbia British System, Information Management Resource Provincial Source: Stratification refers to the formation of distinct layers to the formation of distinct layers refers Stratification physical characterisitics as of water having consistent combination of surfacea consequence of the determine and salinity which together temperatures temperature Where of water. the density of a body such as in the generally consistent, and salinity are will form into distinct layers. open ocean, water of and the physical structure currents Closer to shore, and seabed disrupt by these layers the shoreline layers. mechanical mixing of the forcing are Area of the Plan regions The seaward passages, and narrow rapid currents, by characterized the water is sills; consequently plentiful shallow top to bottom (Figure from continually being mixed in salinity levels invariable by This is exemplified 6). homogeneity of round and year Strait Johnstone top to bottom. Strong from values oxygen dissolved waters of Johnstone in the seaward bottom currents the floor of carry water over oxygenated freshly Strait of marine life. the channels, stimulating the growth and interconnecting inlets the protected Conversely, less are Area passages in the eastern half of the Plan typified by patterns and are these current affected by heavily stratified layers. N Each of these criteria enables a better understanding a better understanding criteria enables Each of these and water is subject to a body of of the influences the as habitat and of its characteristics a sense provides The to supportcapability uses and activities. human below. detailed them are used to delineate six criteria Figure 6. 6. Figure KWWSVUPZZZJRY N IDES T 2.2. British Columbia Marine 2.2. Classification Ecological Ecological The nine criteria of the BC Marine been included Classification (BCMEC) system have and Units as descriptors for each of the 20 Planning of each can be found in the table at the beginning that approach The BCMEC is a hierarchical unit. uses physical characteristics of the marine to identify distinct systems within the environment of this The strengths larger marine environment. that it is based upon data that is generally system are coast and upon elements that accessible for the entire in the dynamic marine largely consistent even remain (marine level the most precise At environment. ecounits), defining criteria include: stratification, relief, benthic exposure, depth, wave surface salinity, and seabed benthic temperature slope, tidal current, The first two criteria (stratification and substrate. used to delineate pelagic surface salinity) were ecounits or that portion water column not of the including the seabed (benthos) and the foreshore. used to formulate criteria were seven The remaining the benthic ecounits, which consist of the entire on detailed report A more seabed and the foreshore. the BCMEC can be found at: EFFDGVVUSWV N are also susceptible to interior outflow winds outflow to interior also susceptible are Inlet. Knight through generated though lighter, generally are winds summer, In can winds which of producing storms capable the safety of marine transportation, fishing, threaten can occur in any season. and other activities, Mean tidal range in the Plan Area is approximately is approximately Area tidal range in the Plan Mean m range of large tides is 4.8 2.8 m, while the average tides are Larger Port). a reference Bay, (at Owen the pull of the sun and moon are when produced low to these ranges, Related aligned (spring tides). estuaries and sandy at river tides expose mud flats marine exposed . Many beaches on more important species, including commercially shellfish adapted to specific portions of the species, are intertidal zone. Island located on Stuart Bay, fluctuations at Big Tidal and Bute Strait near the confluence of Johnstone mainly semi-diurnal conform to a mixed, Inlet, being higher)(MSD) pattern with two high tides (one every 24 h 50 min. lower) tides (one being and two low COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 8 Information System, British ColumbiaMarine Ecological Classification,2001 the Johnstone -ButePlan Area Figure 7. extent, withdepth. occurs intheseaward direction andtoaneven lesser currents andmixing.Aslightincrease insalinity proximity totheopenoceananditsassociatedhigher Strait exhibitsmore stablesalinitylevels duetoits salinity levels asillustratedinFigure 7.Johnstone surrounding experienceareduction passageways in In response Bute totheyearly runoff Inlet andthe throughout theyear. coastal mainlandbecausemostofthemare rainfed of thesmallerstreams of andthe no significantincrease inthespringandsummerflow seasonal, risinginApril andpeakinginJuly. There is toButeice fields,runoff Inlet isdelayed andhighly watersheds. Because ofsnow andicemeltfrom these snow andiceinhigherelevations oftheseinterior Inlet islowest inwintermonthsduetothestorage of permanent icefields.Freshwater dischargetoBute two, drainsaninteriorwatershedcontainingseveral . , thelargerof two mainrivers, theHomathko River andthe Flowing intoBute Inlet at Waddington Harbour are cultivation ofshellfish. andnearshorebe afactorinthesitingofintertidal marineplantsandmay the establishmentofcertain taking ongreater significance.Salinity isafactorin depth andlimitedcirculation result inevaporation salinity maybehigherinnearshore areas asshallow variations infreshwater runoff. In somecases, fluctuations insalinitykeepingwithseasonal waters, suchasalongcoastalfjords, exhibitseasonal freshwater enteringthecoastalarea. runoff Inshore Salinity isaffectedprimarilyby thevolume of N S ALINITY Average Annual Minimum Surface Water Salinityin N Source: Provincial Resource management N N N elevation, asinthecaseofa rock reef. Relief playsa areas exhibitconsiderable rangesinslopeand elevation, such asaflatmudbottom.High relief relatively uniform slopeandlittlevariation in of theseabed.Anarea with low relief willhave a Seabed orbenthicrelief refers totheoverall regularity the region. rough seasandlargeswells do notusuallydevelop in basinsandinlets, do waves formedintheshorter Johnstone Strait ashore tendtorun oneitherside,as Because waves produced inthelongestlengthof the limittofetchofwindinarea. the narrow, windingnature ofthemanychannelsand oftheBCcoast. to otherparts This isduemainly to indicates thatwave actionislimitedwhencompared The relatively low exposure ratingforthearea large inletssuchasBute andLoughborough. wind generatedwaves suchasthosethatoccurinthe regimes inFigure 8donotconsidertheeffectof open oceanconditions. The mappedexposure entire Plan Area isratedlow intermsofexposure to present inthesheltered inletsandsmallerfiords, the wave conditionsthanthelow wave-energy conditions – Bute Plan Area isprone tomore vigorous windand oftheJohnstoneAlthough thewestern-most portion rocky headlandsandsandyembayment. characteristically exhibitashoreline composedof Exposed areas withhighenergywave climates measure ofthemechanicalwave actionontheshore. coast from islandgroups andinletsprovides a Wave broadly exposure todistinguishtheopen serves shallower regions ofPort Neville. from thedeepfjordal watersofBute Inlet tothe The Plan Area containsavariety ofdepths,ranging theoretical dilutionofwastematerialindeepersites). to absorbby-products ofactivities(i.e.greater vs. fixed) andhasbeenusedasanindicatorofarea form anearshore structure shouldtake(i.e.floating of humanuse,depthisafactorindeterminingthe nutrients andhabitatforotherorganisms.In terms concentrated inshallower areas providing both photosynthesis, staticmarineplantsare generally zone) anddeeperareas. Assunlightdrives where sunlightcanpenetratetothebottom(photic primarilytodistinguishbetweenDepth areas serves W D B ENTHIC EPTH AVE E N XPOSURE R ELIEF N N 9 COASTAL PLAN Ecological Classification, 2001 Ecological N N EMPERATURE UBSTRATE T The Johnstone - Bute - Johnstone The S Minimum Summer Benthic Water Temperature in the Temperature Water Summer Benthic Minimum ENTHIC EABED Source: Provincial Resource Management Information System, British Columbia Marine Columbia Marine British System, Information Management Resource Provincial Source: S B Figure 9. 9. Figure Area - Bute Plan Johnstone Seabed substrate ranges from mud through sand to mud through substrate ranges from Seabed surfaces, boulders, cobble including bedrock, hard and is an importantand gravel indicator of habitat. a sense of system energy; fine also provides Substrate little energy to sediment, such as silt, takes relatively be held suspended in the water column while to mobilize energy is required considerably more larger cobble. Consequently mud bottoms typically while depositional environments energy, occur in low higher represent and gravel) materials (rock harder areas Many environments. scoured frequently energy, N N Temperature is a factor in marine environments due environments a factor in marine is Temperature is Temperature on species assemblage. to its influence for certain in habitat selection to be a factor known invertebratesorganisms including and larval fish. and Bute Strait in Johnstone temperatures Water of the the temperature by largely controlled are Inlet is generally cool at this latitude. which Ocean, Pacific waters become warmer, nearshore shallow summer, In a relatively bodies have but the deeper water and The shallow round. year consistent temperature islands and various waters, which surround sheltered also tend to have Area, the Plan islets throughout and deeper than the wider warmer temperatures and upper sections of Strait channels of Johnstone winter 9). In (Figure Inlets and Bute Loughborough becomes uniformly cold Strait and spring, Johnstone temperatures top to bottom, with maximum from 7˚C. around during these seasons hovering Ecological Classification, 2001 Ecological N URRENTS Exposure Regimes as an indicator of Wave Climates in Wave as an indicator of Regimes Exposure C role in water column mixing but more obviously, an obviously, more in water column mixing but role of habitat for many is indicative with high relief area The lingcod. and organisms, notably rockfish roughness. seabed is of low Area majority of the Plan N Currents represent an importantconsideration in the represent Currents larvae.distribution of nutrients and planktonic Areas with higher generally well-mixed are of high current As areas. current low than similar levels productivity a rule, high current human activities generally avoid alternatives provide areas current lower where areas design and management due to the inherent challenges of higher energy conditions. and fast moving by is characterized Strait Johnstone especially at the seaward tidal currents, rectilinear Flood Bay. of the water body near Kelsey extremity the east, while toward are Strait in Johnstone currents Passage Discovery In westward. move ebb currents the south toward as floods are this pattern is reversed the north. and ebbs towards in the on the coast are of the fastest currents Some The Island. Channel and Stuart of Okisollo areas Rapids, as well and Arran Yuculta in Dent, currents 8 -14 between average Passage, and Barber as Gillard violent whirlpools and knots and contain numerous overfalls. Source: Provincial Resource management Information System, British Columbia Marine Columbia Marine British System, management Information Resource Provincial Source: Figure 8. 8. Figure Johnstone Strait and Bute Inlet Note: this is an indication of expo- this is an indication and Bute Inlet Note: Strait Johnstone of wind and does not consider the effect only to open ocean sure such as such as those that occur in the large inlets generated waves Bute and Loughborough. 10 within the Plan Area, such as Topaze Harbour, consist of mud substrate while areas of high current, such as Okisollo Channel, exhibit hard substrate types. NSHORE ZONE PHYSICAL FEATURES N The most stable marine systems are those found at the interface between marine and terrestrial environments, both at the bottom (benthic) and along the shoreline. While the marine ecounits system is an effective instrument for assessing conditions in the more remote benthic regions, the accessibility of the shoreline allows for a more precise examination of substrate and structure. Originally undertaken in response to concerns regarding the impact of marine oil spills, detailed physical shore- zone mapping of the British Columbia coastline has been underway for several decades (Howes, Harper & Owen, 1994. Physical Shore-zone Mapping System for BC. http://srmwww.gov.bc.ca/risc/pubs/coastal/ pysshore/index.htm). This work provides a framework for recording of shore morphology, shore- zone substrate and wave exposure characteristics (for more information see: http://srmwww.gov.bc.ca/dss/ rpts/BCBiophysicalShore-ZoneMapping.pdf).

More recently, studies have linked these physical Figure 10. Shore Zone Biobands shoreline types to assemblages of species (Figure 10). From Howes, Harper & Owen, 1994 Physical Shore-Zone Mapping

Table 2. Shore Zone Classification Criteria

Shoretype Classification Criteria Characterization Substrate Rock Sediment Absent or extremely scarce Rock & Sediment Sediments occur as developed beach forms or large patches Sediment Gravel >2mm Sand content <10% Sand & Gravel Both sand and gravel content >10% Sand <2mm Sand content >90% Sand/Mud <2mm Gravel Content <10% Sand Mud Gravel content >10% Mud content >50% Organics/Fines Estuary Width Narrow <<30m Wide Wide >30m Narrow Slope Steep >20o Cliff Inclined 5-20o Ramp (rock) <5o Beach ( sediment) Flat Platform (rock) Flat (sediment) Anthropogenic Permeable Man-made permeable Impermeable Man-Made Impermeable Current-Dominated Channel From Howes, Harper & Owen, 1994 Physical Shore-Zone Mapping The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN 11 COASTAL PLAN 0.69% Gravel Flats Rock Platform Sand & Gravel Beach Rock with Gravel Beach,22.25% 3.41% & Gravel Beach, Rock with Sand Rock Platform, 0.46% Rock with Sand Beach, Sand Beach, 0.28% Gravel Beach Rock Cliff Rock w/Sand Beach Sand Flat The Johnstone - Bute - Johnstone The Beach, 8.50% Sand & Gravel to evaluating the shore-zone, arguably the most arguably the shore-zone, to evaluating coastal environment. aspect of the heavily impacted to structures related impacts known comparing By be used can approach uses, a consistent and specific of shoreline the suitability for determining Unit. a Planning within development for a basis type classification provides Shore or unique features. identification of rare Flat, 4.27% Sand & Gravel Rock Cliff, 33.67% Estuary/Wetland Mud Flat Rock w/Sand & Gravel Beach Sand Beach Sand Flat, 3.31% Mudflat, 0.36% Man-made, 1.05% Channel Man-made Rock w/Gravel Beach Sand & Gravel Flat Undefined, 1.94% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% – green algae. These assemblages or These assemblages algae. – green Ulva Summary of Shore Types in Johnstone-Bute Plan Area as a percentage of total Plan Area shoreline Area of total Plan as a percentage Area Plan in Johnstone-Bute Types Summary of Shore Planning Unit Shore Type Description Type Planning Unit Shore Gravel Flats, 0.13% Unit 3 Yorke Unit 13 Rapids Estuary Wetland, 9.70% Unit 17 Orford Unit 1 Port Neville Unit 18 Upper Bute Gravel Beach, 9.99% Unit 16 Lower Bute Unit 10 Phillips Arm Unit 7 Current Race Unit 15 Bute Entrance Unit 19 Loughborough Unit 20 Mayne Passage Unit 9 South Johnstone Through field surveys, recurring groupings of species of field surveys, groupings Through recurring the to according identified and classified were barnacles and for example species, cover dominant mussels or further the color banding defined by were biobands surveys ground aerial or to visible from and texture enable systematic inventory coast. of the entire approach a systematic data represents The resulting Unit 5 Topaze Harbour Figure 11. 11. Figure Unit 2 Upper Johnstone Figure 12. 12. Figure Unit 12 Frederick Estero Unit 11 Nodales Channel Unit 6 Wellbore Channel Unit 8 Chancellor Channel Unit 4 Channel Sunderland Unit 14 Okisollo Hole in the Wall COASTAL PLAN

The Johnstone - Bute 12 types inventoried. structure havingacomplementof mostoftheshore provides anexampleofadiversified shore type throughout thePlanning Units. Unit 1-Port Neville rock cliffandrock withgravel beachshore types Figure 12graphicallydisplaysthepredominance of highlights theuniquecharacteristicsofeachunit. A similarexaminationatthePlanning Unit level shore length(Figure 11). wetlands makeup11.5%ofthe 21% whileestuary length. Rock withgravel beachesaccountsforover accounting forjustover 33%ofthetotalshore cliffs encompassthelargestpercentage ofshore type, Within thePlan Area shore typesclassifiedasrock assessmentmaybeappropriate. conservation further management provisions orrecommendations for to development orhumanactivities.In somecases more closelyexaminethemtoassesstheirsensitivity With uncommonfeatures highlighted,itispossibleto N N N N N types withintheJohnstone-Bute Plan Area include: ecological attributesandfunction.Habitat characteristics thatcanbeassociatedwithdominant these categoriesistoidentifycommonmarinehabitat reliefslope andsubsurface (Table 3). The purposeof including depth,substrate,current, temperature, five majorcategoriesbasedonphysicalattributes the Johnstone-Bute Plan Area hasbeendividedinto passages withstrong tidalflows. Marine habitat in deep fjord systemtonumerous constrictedrocky categories identifiedforthestudyarea rangefrom a coast ofBritish Columbia. The marinehabitat mixture ofmarineecosystemsthatare uniquetothe The Johnstone-Bute Plan Area consistsofadiverse 2.3. MarineHabitat mammal species withinthehabitatcategories types utilized by keyfish,shellfishandmarine description ofthelocationand timingofhabitat (Tableeach category 4).Alsoincludedisa ecologicalfunctionassociatedwith as theprimary ecological attributesandkey habitatfeatures aswell thatdetailsthecharacteristic habitat category The following isaphysicaldescription foreach Moderately deepinlets Glacial fjord habitat High current channelsandinlets Low current channelsandinlets Protected shallow inlets N as needed. revised information and incorporated information areas shouldbeanongoingprocess withnew habitat categoriesandbiologicalfeatures withinthese Therefore theidentificationandutilizationofmarine the studyarea buthasnotyet beendocumented. habitat orspeciesutilizationislikelytooccurwithin understanding thatadditionalecologicallysignificant attributes andverified biologicalusewiththe habitat profiles reflect “known” quantitiesofhabitat through fieldwork andpersonalinterviews. The utilization datarecently compiled(2003)by DFO provincial datasetsaswell ashabitatandspecies The informationinthischapterisbasedonexisting such astheEstero Basin andupperBute Inlet. type intheupperreaches ofestuariesandlagoons, fordeterminingcommunity important particularly variability insalinityalongwithsedimenttypeis conditions thatrangebetween 30-35ppt. The 18-28 pptandtherefore lower thanopenocean Salinity inthePlan Area isvariable rangingbetween Inlets are subjecttostrong arctic outflow winds. as low throughout, althoughBute andLoughborough Wave exposure throughout thePlan Area isclassified weak1-3 knots,weaknegligible. <1knot,very strong >6knots,strong 3-6knots,moderatelystrong descriptions,are asfollows:habitat category very currentsbased onmaximumsurface usedinthe shore andsubtidalareas. The current categories, significantly increase speciesrichnessinbothlower the Johnstone-Bute Plan Area. These currents can passages characterize muchofthemarinehabitatin Strong tidalcurrents through constrictedrocky nutrient cycling) thatexistbetween them. on thesustenanceofnaturaltransientprocesses (i.e. lifestagesandare thereforeduring varying dependant marine speciesutilize more thanonehabitat type outlined fortheJohnstone-Bute Plan Area. Many (Planning Unit 1), Topaze Harbour (Planning Unit area. Protected inlethabitatincludes Port Neville represents only7.5% (62 km inlet habitatwithinthePlan Area isuncommonand photic zone from 0to50meters.Protected shallow warm (9-15C)withwaterdepths rangingwithinthe 3). Benthic summerwatertemperatures are generally substrates dominatedby mud,sandandgravel (Table exposure andweak tonegligiblecurrents with Protected shallow inlethabitatischaracterized by low P ROTECTED S HALLOW I NLET 2 ) ofthetotalstudy H ABITAT N The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN

Table 3. Habitat Categories, Associated Physical Features, Ecological Attributes and Function Ecological Function Rearing habitat for larval and juvenile invertebrate and fish larvalRearing habitat for invertebrate and juvenile 33% of estuarine habitat. and productive species in protected 57% and Phillips R. Neville total clam beaches at head of Port crab and shrimp fisheries. Supports commercial crab habitat. marine and shorebirds. wintering habitat for Critical and over supports Area feeding. pinnipeds and delphinids for Utilized by eagles. nesting habitat for secondary Mainland stocks, for Major salmon migration corridor Supports stocks. migration and holding for in fisheries primarily clam and urchin prawn, shrimp, commercial with Marine mammal utilization throughout Planning Unit 4,8,15. migration and for Orca use by Broad of intense use. areas nesting sites including eagles and alcids. bird Sensitive feeding. in the Johnstone habitat categories One of the most productive Fraser River for Major salmon migration corridor Area. Bute Plan strait and mainland stocks along the stocks along Johnstone and migration corridor areas Critical feeding corridor. easterly clam Productive fish and mammals. marine and shorebirds, for habitat and 28% of clam (75%) kelp Majority of canopy beds. Stocks support commercial habitat and 13% of crab habitat. 13,14. fisheries in Planning Unit 6,9, urchin shrimp, prawn, Highest concentration of marine mammals including delphinids, of & sperm) with areas minke pinnipeds and whales (humpback, Highest concentration of pinniped haul Orca. specialized use by marine and for Important grounds nesting and feeding out sites. Orcas Isolated rubbing beaches for birds. shoreline 21% produced. Unique and significant biomass of krill clam beds and commercially Productive clam and 4% crab habitat. Large runs of clam and krill fisheries. shrimp, important prawn, supports one of 15 Homathko chinook and coho. pink, chum, of concentrated use by Areas major eulachon stocks in BC. pinnipeds used by Concentrated areas delphinids including Orca. and feeding eagles for Utilization by and haul out. feeding for birds. marine and shoreline for areas Refuge and rearing nesting. ~18% of with 25% of crab habitat here. Good crab production important rockfish, type and commercially shore spawn herring pinnipeds used by Includes areas area. producing prawn/shrimp marine and wintering habitat for Over and haul out. feeding for birds shoreline 25.5% estuarine 1 Abundance of gravel, clam Abundance of gravel, beaches and estuaries - 32% of wetland/estuary shore forests. type and 10% of kelp 23.6% of estuary/ 15% kelp wetlands Limited (8%) clam forests, of Areas habitat. sources. concentrated food that areas High current nutrient increase canopy Extensive availability. beds, kelp habitat with highest of rocky proportion islands and sub shorelines, Productivity tidal reefs. Gulf of Georgia by increased Drift phenomenon. with Unique sub tidal areas substrate gravel/cobble Deep glacial inlet with tidal that cause nutrient flows currents. rich upwelling Subject to artic outflow limited estuarine winds, Marine 4.6%). habitat (only by increased productivity Gulf of Georgia Drift phenomenon Subject to strong 14% of winds. outflow type is estuary. shoreline shoreline. Steep rocky Ecological Attributes Ecological habitat and key features Dominant benthic substrate Mud and sand Mud and sand Pre- dominantly and mud sand except in rock Planning Unit13 and 35% of Planning Unit14 Mud Mud Water Water temp Warm Warm (9-15C) Warm (9-11C) Warm (9-11C) Pre- dominantly cold (<8C) ~50:50 Warm (10 c) to Cold (<8C) Water Water Depth (m) Shallow to Shallow photic (0-50) Moderate (50-200 m) Moderate (50-200 m) with isolated of pockets deep (>200 m) Deep Mostly (200-700 m) Moderate (50-200 m) Weak with Weak except’n of lower Planning Unit 10 at 3 knots to Low Mod-strong (1-3 knots) (3-6 Strong knots) to very strong (>6 knots) Moderately strong (1-3 knots) Weak (<1 knot) Current 2 2 2 2 2 62 km 7.5% 127 km 15.5% 284 km 34.6% 285 km 34.6% 64 km 7.8% Area (% of Total) Sub units 1-Port Neville 1-Port Hbr 5-Topaze 10-Phillips Arm 4-Sunderland 8-Chancellor 11-Nodales Estero 12-Fred 15-Bute Entrance 2-Upper Johnstone 3-Yorke 7-Current- Race 9-South Johnstone 6-Wellbore Channel 13 Rapids 14-Okisollo Pass 20-Mayne Bute 16-Lower 17-Orford 18-Upper Bute 19- Loughborough

13 Habitat Category Protected Protected shallow inlet Low current channels and inlets High current channels and inlets Glacial fjord habitat Moderately deep inlet 14 5) and upper Phillips Arm (Planning Unit 10). functional integrity of intertidal zones. Sea grasses Estuaries represent some of the most highly contribute to primary production through productive habitats in the coastal zone and are photosynthesis and also serve as a food source to utilized by a wide range of species. A significant herbivores. Sea grasses also produce and release proportion of estuarine habitat is located within the dissolved organic nutrients than can be absorbed “protected shallow inlet” habitat category with the directly by marine invertebrates. Eelgrass is also highest proportion (32.3%) of the total shoreline structurally important for providing substratum for type classified as estuary or wetlands. High value micro algae and invertebrates as well as nursery estuarine habitat can typically be found at the head habitat for juvenile salmonids and shellfish species. of inlets, as well as along shoreline areas where small Another important function of sea grass is their well- streams enter the ocean on low gradient beaches. developed root systems that trap sediment and Major estuaries are located at the head of Port Neville nutrients and stabilize marine substrates. Valuable (231 ha) at the mouth of the Fulmore River and eelgrass beds are typically associated with estuaries Shoal Creek as well as the head of Phillips Arm (127 provide herring spawning habitat and are recognized ha). Estuarine habitat is typically associated with as critical fish habitat in the coastal ecosystem. DFO prime gravel beaches for clams with approximately does not allow development that might destroy 144 ha of clam beaches identified at the head of Port eelgrass beds to proceed unless it is shown that Neville and shoreline bays both sides of the inlet. compensatory habitat will be created. Valuable clam beds (~138 ha) are also located at the Mud and sand are the dominant benthic substrates head of Topaze Harbour as well as Read and and when combined with shallow water typical to Jackson Bays. protected shallow inlet habitat, supports over half Estuarine habitat is also associated with highly (57%) of the known crab populations in the Plan productive salt marshes, sea grass beds, eelgrass beds Area. The predominant commercial crab species is and tidal flats. Estuaries typically have a low diversity the Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) with adults of planktonic and benthic species that can tolerate found to depths of 180 meters but is most abundant fluctuating salinity regimes, but those species present tend to be abundant. This valuable and highly sensitive feature supports rearing habitat for numerous fish and invertebrate species. Intertidal sloughs and estuaries also provide over wintering habitat for ducks, geese, Trumpeter Swans and shorebirds. Eelgrass (Zostera marina and Zostera japonica) is the main marine vascular plant in the Johnstone-Bute Plan Area. Provincial data for eelgrass habitat is not accurately mapped within the Johnstone-Bute Plan Area; however additional local and DFO data reflects that it tends to be distributed throughout the Plan Area. Eelgrass grows in underwater meadows or “beds”, rooted in a fine sand substrate. These beds are most commonly found in protected waters in the lower intertidal and shallow sub tidal zones and are common at the heads of many inlets. Eelgrass beds also play an important role in stabilizing the substrate. The size and shape of beds may change seasonally or between years. They are typically shallow rooted and easily dislodged by a range of human activities. Eelgrass plays an important role in Photo 1. Aerial view of the estuary habitat at the head of primary production as well as for structural and Port Neville, looking upstream at the Fulmore River that sup- ports one of the few sockeye stocks in the Plan Area The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The Photo: Graham Winterbottom 2003 COASTAL PLAN The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN in water less than 90 m. Dungeness are most unique feature of the Estero Basin where surface abundant in areas with sandy substrates and/or waters are brackish, but deep waters are believed to shallow waters with eelgrass. Significant crab habitat support rockfish and anchovies. is located at the head of Port Neville and the mouth Overall, the estuarine values in this habitat category of the Phillips River. are low relative to the protected shallow inlet and Marine plant groups consist of the microscopic high current channel and inlet categories. Although marine floating algae or “phytoplankton”, that 23.6% of the shore type is classified as estuary/ provide the basis of the ocean food web. These wetland habitat, most of the shoreline area lies within minute, single celled plants are eaten by zooplankton the unique Estero basin where the shoreline gradient that in turn are the food for fish, vertebrates such as is steep and therefore does not support typical herring, and invertebrates such as clams, sea estuarine habitat including eelgrass beds and shallow anemones and other sea creatures. They are present gravel/mud beaches. As expected, there is limited in all of the marine and estuarine waters of the clam (7.7%) and no identified crab habitat within Johnstone-Bute area but proliferate in warm sheltered the low current channels and inlet category. inlet habitat. Their abundance also varies seasonally The low current channels in this habitat category are with the availability of light and nutrients. When part of a primary migration corridor for Mainland nutrients and light are optimal, high concentrations adult and juvenile salmon stocks as well as a of phytoplankton known as “blooms” may occur and secondary migration route for Fraser River stocks. may color the water red, brown or green (e.g., “red These channels also provide important ebb tide tide”). Some species produce potent toxins that are holding areas for all southbound migrants. The low liberated when the algae are eaten. Other species current channels also provide migration routes for kill without toxins, such as species with serrated both adult and juvenile Pacific Herring. edge spines that lodge in fish gill tissues. In the case of shellfish, these blooms can be a seasonal public Approximately 15% of the mapped kelp forest health hazard. Within the Plan Area, Topaze habitat is located within this habitat category, with Harbour has poor circulation and stratification and is major kelp beds along the shores of Hardwick and therefore susceptible to concentrated algal and West Thurlow Islands. Smaller patches long the zooplankton blooms. north side of Sunderland and Chancellor Channels, Termagant Point, Althorp Point and Shaw Point. Extensive canopy kelp beds can be found at the entrance to Port Neville (~106 ha) as well as the Bute Entrance provides an important rearing area for entrance to Topaze Harbour (61 ha) at Seymour juvenile herring stocks and supports a significant Island, Poyntz Island and Termagant Point. The biomass of euphasiids. It is suspected additional ecosystems associated with canopy kelp beds are highly recruitment of juvenile herring, euphasiids and other productive and provide critical rearing and spawning species results from the combined effects of prevailing habitat for many fish and invertebrate species. winds on surface currents from the during the late winter and early spring. This large LOW CURRENT CHANNELS AND INLETS N N biomass provides feed for a number of predators The second habitat category identified for the including salmon, rockfish, lingcod, and dogfish as Johnstone-Bute Plan Area is low current channels and well as marine birds and mammals. 2 inlets that represent 15.5% or 127 km of the Plan NHIGH CURRENT CHANNELS AND INLETS N Area. In these areas, the currents are generally less than 1 knot, but tidal currents can increase to 3 The high current channel and inlets habitat category knots through narrow passages. Water depths are is one of the most productive habitat types within the moderate, ranging from 50 to 200 m. Summer Johnstone-Bute Plan Area, and represents 35% (284 benthic water temperatures are warm (9-11 C), with km2) of the total area (Table 3). Marine habitat in substrates dominated by mud and sand. Planning the high current and inlet habitat category is exposed units within this habitat category are Sunderland, to flood and ebb tide generated currents that increase Chancellor, Nodales, Frederick Estero and Bute nutrient availability and overall productivity in these Entrance. Shorelines areas are generally steep and areas. Rocky shelves lining the passages provide 15 characterized by rock with pocket sand and gravel substrates for shellfish and kelp, that in turn provide beaches. Also included in this habitat category is the rearing and feeding areas for salmonids, rockfish and 16 groundfish species. Another ecologically important passage along the Mainland corridor along the aspect of this habitat category is the presence of mid northeast side of the Johnstone-Bute Plan Area. The channel and nearshore rocky islands and outcrops. Johnstone Strait corridor includes the Upper These features increase the physical diversity and Johnstone, Yorke, Current Race and S. Johnstone corresponding ecological complexity in comparison Planning Units and is utilized as an important to steep rocky shorelines found elsewhere in the migration, holding and feeding corridor for fish and Johnstone-Bute Plan Area. marine mammals. Up to 90% of the Fraser River Water currents are typically strong, varying between 3 salmon stocks migrate through Johnstone Strait to to 7 knots within the open channels. Higher their natal streams. Johnstone Strait also serves as an currents occur through narrow passages including the important navigation corridor and also supports Dent, Yuculta and Arran Rapids in the Rapids significant commercial fisheries Planning Unit and the Hole in the Wall in the The remaining Planning Units included in the high Okisollo Planning Unit, that reach an average current current channels and inlets habitat category are the between 8-14 knots. Shoreline substrates are Wellbore channel, the Rapids, Okisollo channel and primarily rock cliffs, interspersed with sand and Mayne Passage. These passages form part of the gravel beaches. Water depths are moderate ranging major migration and holding corridor for Mainland from 50 to 200 m with isolated pockets of deep Coast salmon stocks and Pacific herring. These (>200 m). Summer benthic water temperatures are passages also provide secondary migration corridors warm ranging from 9-11 C with benthic substrate for Fraser River stocks. Of particular ecological value dominated by mud and sand with exception of rock is the Rapids Planning unit. The protected shoreline substrates in the Rapids subunit and 35% of areas where large back eddies are created during the Okisollo Channel. ebb tide act as natural fish traps and are utilized by This habitat category includes 2 major migration fish and mammal species as important feeding areas corridors with Johnstone Strait running along the and holding habitat. The large tides and resulting west side adjacent to Vancouver Island and another upwelling forces carcasses to the surface as they cannot compensate for the change in depth and provide a food source for eagles and other bird species. There is significant estuarine habitat interspersed within the high current channels. Valuable estuarine habitat is located at the head of shallow shoreline bays within the high current channel habitat category. There is a large (151 ha) estuary as well as notable clam beds (79 ha) located in Blenkinsop Bay. Similarly, the has a large estuary (179 ha) and clam beds along the seaward border of the bay (36 ha). Smaller estuary and clam beds exist in Owen Bay and Chonat Bay in the Okisollo Planning Unit and Bessborough Bay in the Wellbore Planning Unit. A significant proportion of clam beds are located in this habitat category, with approximately 28% of the total clam beds within the Plan Area. The largest clam beaches are located at Blenkinsop Bay, Charles Bay, Chonat Bay, Salmon River and the at the head of Forward Harbour. Mud bottom subtidal habitat adjacent to productive estuaries at the Salmon River and Blenkinsop Bay support 13% of the known crab habitat within the Plan Area. Crab habitat has also been identified in Forward Photo 2. Aerial view looking upstream into the unique Estero Harbour, Elk, Owen and Chonat Bays. Also often Basin that is part of the “low current channels and inlet” habi- tat category developed for the Plan Area associated with estuaries is eelgrass bed habitat, and The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The Photo: Graham Winterbottom 2003 there is abundant eelgrass habitat observed in COASTAL PLAN The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN

Photo 3. Aerial view of rocky islands and islets with surrounding Photo 4. Aerial view of strong tidal currents in the Yuculta Rapids strong currents typical to the High Current Channels and Inlets at Stuart Island (U13) that reach up to 14 knots through narrow Habitat Category Photo: Graham Winterbottom 2003 rocky passages in the High Current Channels and Inlets habitat category Photo: Graham Winterbottom 2003

protected bays, but not yet mapped throughout the The moderately deep mud bottom habitat with this high current channels and inlet habitat category. habitat category also supports a significant population The majority (75%) of mapped canopy kelp beds are of prawns and shrimp as well as crabs in shallower located within this high current channel and inlets waters to support an important commercial fishery. habitat category. Canopy kelp beds are generally The Okisollo Planning Unit has noted biological located along areas of upwelling or high current significance supporting significant stocks of rockfish, channels where nutrient levels are high and a rocky lingcod and dogfish with extensive surveys indicating substrate is available. The kelp fronds are attached by a significant scallop biomass within the channel. a “holdfast” to rocky substrates and grow from the NGLACIAL FJORD HABITAT N zero tide level, or just above, to about minus 12 The glacial fed deep inlet habitat category consists of meters depending on the water clarity. Kelp may Bute Inlet where the steep sided rock walls that grow on unstable substrates such as cobble, but beds border both sides of the inlet drop quickly to water tend to be less stable in such areas. The distribution depths that range between 200 to 700 m. The inlet of kelp forests is variable from year to year. Primary is fed by glacial runoff, resulting in reduced surface kelp beds are located in bands along rocky shoreline salinity and a predominantly cold (<8C) summer areas, in less than 40 feet of water with notable kelp benthic water temperature. Currents throughout the in the vicinity of Neville Point, Yorke Island, Walkem inlet are moderately strong and benthic substrates are Island, Helmcken Island (203 ha) and Peterson Islets dominated by mud. The entire inlet is subject to in the Johnstone Strait. Isolated patches of kelp line strong arctic outflow winds. both northern and southern sides of Johnstone strait as well as throughout the remaining passages within The biological productivity in Bute Inlet is unique this habitat category. Significant kelp canopy forests and very high, with the deep, cold water producing a are also located at the Midgham Islets, Carterer Point significant biomass of krill that are typically found in and Bulkely Island as well as additional smaller cold, deep offshore trenches of the Artic and patches on both sides of the Wellbore Channel. In Antarctic. Krill are herbivores that live in enormous the Rapids Planning Unit, kelp forest habitat schools and serve as an important food source to fish, provides important rearing habitat at Dent Island and seabirds and baleen whales in addition to other the Gillard Islands as well as along shoreline areas on marine mammals. It is suspected that the large tidal the east side of and adjacent to inflows at the entrance to Bute Inlet cause deep water Green Point Rapids in the Mayne Passage Planning upwelling that push the krill to shallower waters. Unit. Extensive kelp habitat is found throughout the This phenomenon is thought to be the reason for Okisollo Planning Unit that totals approximately 260 exceptional Euphasiids production and an overall concentration of feed in lower Bute Inlet. The ha, on both sides of the channel. 17 prevailing southeasterly wind in Georgia Strait COASTAL PLAN

The Johnstone - Bute 18 estuaries, there are clambeaches (84 ha) important that totalapproximately 90ha. Within these atFrazer Bay andMcBride Bay category. There are 2major estuariesattheheadof shore typelocatedwithinthishabitat estuary Loughborough Inlet islow withonly14%ofthe The overall ofestuarinehabitatin proportion wave exposure from localized outflow winds. oceanic conditions,theyare susceptibletomoderate inlets are protected from highwave exposure from benthic substrateisdominatedby mud.Although the the protected moderatelydeepinlethabitat; the in thelower inlet. Weak currents are characteristicin ratio ofcold(<8C)intheupperinlettowarm(10C) temperatures are variable withapproximately a50:50 water depthsrangingfrom 50to200m. Water Plan Area. The inletissteepsidedwithmoderate salmonids andherring. migration andrearing corridorforadultandjuvenile throughout theinletalsoprovides animportant Inlet inPlanning Unit 18.Shoreline habitat ofButelocated onbothsidesoftheupperportion habitat withintheJohnstone-Bute Plan Area is Approximately 80%oftheshoreline herringspawn istheabundanceofherringspawnhabitat. category significancetotheglacialfjordOf particular habitat in thishabitatcategory. the totalclamhabitatwithinPlan Area identified estuaries issignificant,withapproximately 21%of of theOrford River. Clamproduction inthese inlet. locatedatthemouth There isasmallerestuary mouth oftheHomathko River attheheadof inthePlan Area islocatedatthe single largestestuary although the within thedeepinlethabitatcategory limited very Estuarine habitatisproportionally withinButecommercial Inlet. fishery a Krill production issignificantenoughtosupport and herringdrawsalargenumberofpredator species. March andApril. The combinationofEuphasiids migrate withtheadultherringaftertheyspawnin the Bute Entrance andlower Bute area andout- Bute Inlet herringmature area. andrear Larval in inthelower larvae concentrating fish/invertebrate Gulf ofGeorgia Drift mayalsoberesponsible for thought tocreate aphenomenonidentifiedasthe N proportion, 7.8%(64km proportion, to Loughborough Inlet andrepresents asmall islimited The moderatelydeepinlethabitatcategory M ODERATELY D EEP I NLETS 2 ) oftheJohnstone-Bute N Bute Inlet the mouthofHomathko River locatedattheheadof Photo 5. Sidney Bay andCooperReach. Area, withsignificantpopulationsinBeaver Inlet/ 25% ofthetotalcrabhabitatmappedforPlan highest amountofcrabhabitat,havingapproximately cucumbers. Loughborough Inlet provides thesecond habitat forprawns,crabs,seaurchins andsea mammals andbirds. Inlet watersalsoprovide critical and migrationcorridorsforfishaswell asmarine Protected inlethabitatprovides criticalfeedingareas have been mappedare locatedinLoughborough Inlet. Approximately 10%ofthetotalclambeachesthat near themouthofStafford andApple Rivers. is outsidethe context ofthischapter. onadjacentterrestrialroad construction areas, which resource development activitiessuchasloggingand marine systemscanalsobe largely affectedby tonotethattheecologicalintegrityof important development activities withinthestudyarea. It is assist decisionmakersindeterminingsuitablemarine outlined forthePlan Area. This informationmay mammal specieswithinthehabitatcategories types utilized by bird keyfish,invertebrate, and description ofthelocationandtiminghabitat species withinthePlan Area. Alsoincludedisa and distributionofthemostdocumentedmarine provides baselineinformationregarding thepresence to theJohnstone -Bute Plan Area. This information oftheknownbrief overview biologicalvalues typical Plan Area. The purposeofthissectionistoprovide a and marinebirds resident totheJohnstone -Bute species includingshellfish,finfish,marinemammals Following isadescriptionofknown keymarine 2.4. Biological Features Upstream aerialview ofprimeestuarinehabitatat Photo: Graham Winterbottom 2003 29 COASTAL PLAN ove. ove. Deep Warm Deep Warm Inlet MF (3) MF (3) Glacial Fjord Moderately N The Johnstone - Bute - Johnstone The OMMUNITY C 2.5. Social and Economic Profile 2.5. N The Plan Area is within the Comox Strathcona Strathcona is within the Comox Area The Plan J is J. Area electoral Area (CSRD), District Regional and includes Area geographically larger than the Plan accounts for a large proportion which Island, Quadra also Area The Plan population. of the electoral area's includes the asserted traditional territories of the Comox, Kwiakah, Tlowitsis, Xwémalhkwu, Klahoose, Nations. First Kum Wai We Kai and Wai We The largest is sparsely settled. Area The Plan is the Area population concentration within the Plan located on of Sayward, Village incorporated BC Localities as defined by Island. Vancouver West include the islands of East and Statistics the Island; and Stuart Neville Port Thurlow, populations of these islands largely vary seasonally. Reserves Nations also a number of First are There most of which do not have Area, within the Plan permanent residents. Census information (i.e. population and other for a geographical demographic data) is not available The closest Area. unit that exactly matches the Plan to two geographic boundaries correspond and the Indian plus Sayward dissemination areas, The 2001 Census for these units totals 518 reserves. for population data, all other Census persons. Except information (e.g. age, income, etc.) for the High Current Inlets Channels and MF (3) (3) MF MF (13) MF (13) MF (4,11) FH (4,12,15) MF (4,11)MF (all) MF (7,9) Low Current Low Inlets Channels and N PECIES S ISTED L MF (1,5)MF (1,5)FH (1,5) MF (all) MF (2.3.6.7.9.14.20) F (all) FH (all) F (all) F F FH (all) FH Habitat Categories & Associated Planning Units Associated & Habitat Categories haul-out sites) H=known grounds; feeding F=known route; migration (M=known 1,5,10 4,8,11,12,15 2,3,7,9,6,13,14,20 16,17,18 19 Protected Protected Inlet Shallow LUE B ED AND R Table 9. Seasonal Utilization of Known Habitat Categories by Marine Mammals Marine by Habitat Categories of Known Utilization Seasonal 9. Table Spring Summer Fall Winter round Year No data Other Delphinids (porpoises & dolphins) MarineMammal Species Planning Unit Sperm whale Humpback whale whale Minke Orcas (Resident & Transient) Pinnipeds (sea lions & seals) N water’s surface, or close to the shore in inlets, in surface, to the shore or close water’s sea lions feed Steller’s channels, or exposed areas. , Pacific mainly on fish such as hake, herring, octopus, and and salmon, but squid, rockfish, also eaten. Both harbour seals and crustaceans are up major rivers to travel known northern sea lions are haulout sites fish. Known in pursuit of anadromous Island, Yorke located at sea lions are for Steller’s Walkem Island, Helmcken Cove, Vere Island, Murray Island, Jud Arran Rapids, Jimmy Point, Edith Islands, Passage. and Mayne Inlet Bute Wall, in the Hole A number of locations in the Plan Area provide provide Area A number of locations in the Plan or blue-listed marine birds, habitat for red- and blue-list The red- mammals, and plants. to government the provincial by classification is given to be at risk scientists by considered species that are due to declining populations or habitats as the result those species are of human activities. Red-listed or or threatened, extirpated, endangered, which are species are Blue-listed in danger of becoming so. are especially classed as vulnerable because they are Red to human activities or natural events. sensitive are Area and blue listed marine species in the Plan 10. Table in shown Note: This table illustrates general trends by species and variations will occur outside the seasonal timing windows listed ab listed and variations will occur outside the seasonal timing windows species by This table illustrates general trends Note: For more species specific locations within the Planning Units, refer to text or maps refer species specific locations within the Planning Units, more For COASTAL PLAN

The Johnstone - Bute 30 represented by the45-65 agegroups. This ageprofile provincial ageprofile, thePlan Area isrelatively over- years fortheprovincial population.Relative tothe years forArea J,compared toamedianageof38 median. The medianageforSayward is41.6,and43 population isslightlyolder than theprovincial population intwoequalhalves) ofthePlan Area The medianage(i.e.thethatdividestotal increased almost5%over theinterval. J). In comparison,theprovincial population larger (judgingfrom thetrends ofSayward andArea population reduction forthePlan Area wasmuch dates) over butinpercentage termsthe thisinterval, experienced adecline(at–1.6%between Census appears tohave declined. The CSRDalso Between 1996and2001,thePlan Area’s population Area’s Censuscount. working inthePlan Area are notincludedinthePlan of residence”. For instance, personsseasonally Census populationisrecorded forone’s “normal place Area’s socio-economictrends. It isalsonotedthatthe J, whichmayprovide someindicationofthePlan Census informationisavailable forSayward andArea suppressed forconfidentialityconcerns.Complete dissemination areas andtheIndian are reserves Vascular Plants Henderson’s Checker-mallow ( Fish Eulachon ( Birds Western Grebe ( Brandt’s Cormorant( Double-crested Cormorant( Pelagic Cormorant( Great BlueHeron ( Surf Scoter( Long-tailed Duck( California Gull( Common Murre ( Marbled Murrelet ( Ancient Murrelet ( Trumpeter Swan( Mammals ( Killer Whale Northeast PacificResidentPopulationNortheast Killer Whale ( Killer Whale Northeast PacificOffshoreNortheast Population Killer Whale ( Killer Whale West Coast Transient Population Steller’s SeaLion( Species Table 10. Red andBluelistedspeciesintheJohnstone-Bute Plan Area Thaleichthys pacificusThaleichthys Melanitta perspicillata Orcinus orca Orcinus orca Orcinus orca Larus californicus Aechmophorus occidentalis Aechmophorus Uria aalge Uria Cygnus baccinator Eumetopias jubatus Clangula hyemalis Synthliboramphus antiquus Brachyramphus marmoratus Ardea herodias Phalacrocorax pelagicus Phalacrocorax penicillatus ) ) ) ) Phalacrocorax auritus ) Sidalcea hendersonii ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ttsLcto nPa raHabitat LocationinPlan Area Status RED RED BLUE BLUE RED RED BLUE RED BLUE BLUE RED RED BLUE BLUE BLUE BLUE RED RED Sayward Bute Inlet, NodalesChannel, Phillips Arm, Topaze Harbour Bute Inlet Bute Inlet, Port Neville Port Neville Bute Inlet, SunderlandChannel Sunderland Channel, ButeInlet, Johnstone Straits, Phillips Arm Nodales Channel, Bute Inlet(Orford, Paradise, Southgate, Teaquahan, Homathko, andBearwatersheds). Johnstone Strait Johnstone Strait, ButeInlet Johnstone Strait Johnstone Strait Johnstone Strait Johnstone Strait Figure 14. The relatively recent closures oftheEve River logging isthemainstayof localeconomy.transportation) (logging,silviculture,The forest and industry the populationofSayward Valley isabout1,200. population ofthecommunityissome400persons, McNeill/ onHighway 19. While the of CampbellRiver andtwohourssouthofPort Area’s onlymunicipality. It islocatedonehournorth Sayward wasincorporatedin1968andisthePlan members ofthepopulation. totheyoungerinfrastructure andolder ofimportance and areasis typicalofrural lackingservices % of population 10 20 30 40 50 0 ne 515-44 Under 15 Age profile comparision ofplanarea andBC Source: 2001Community Profiles, BCStatistics Age groups Source: Data Centre, Conservation 2003 Marine Nearshore Marine Nearshore, Estuaries Marine Marine, Nearshore Marine, Nearshore Marine, Nearshore Intertidal, TerrestrialLowland Marine, Nearshore Marine, Nearshore Marine, Intertidal Marine Marine, TerrestrialLowland Marine Estuaries Marine Marine Marine Intertidal 56 65+ 45-64 BC CSRD "J" Sayward 31 COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute - Johnstone The tenures within the traditional territory. Homalco Homalco territory. the traditional within tenures in its company is a band-operated Tours Wildlife called, “The tours of operation providing year third is focus of the operation The of Bute”. Bears and Bay the Orford and promoting developing for bear viewing and cultural Inlet in Bute surrounds the all over come from to the site Visitors tourism. is expected in rapid sales growth world. Relatively and and diversification years the next several is envisioned. expansion of the enterprise researching actively is Nation First The Xwémalhkwu options, economic development sustainable various opportunities, tourism tenures, including shellfish timber and non- and energy developments, renewable timber forestry activities occurring on development completed is being Research the traditional territory. status of the aquatic and to identify the current potential for to assess the respective forestry resources First The Xwémalhkwu economic development. mandate is to assert title and jurisdiction on Nation’s the traditional territory and initiatives and to develop and tourism development partnerships in resource particular Of note activities occurring in the territory. strong is the fact that Chief and Council have the potential impacts of open net concerns regarding in the to the marine environment cage aquaculture The Inlet. especially Bute traditional territory, supports use of the Nation Xwémalhkwu First and other precautionary in aquaculture approach The Xwémalhkwu also developments. resource support cooperation and collaboration with and local governments Nations, neighbouring First end the this To organizations. non govenmental has negotiated protocols Nation Xwémalhkwu First Regional of Campbell River, with the District Strait the Georgia Strathcona, of Comox District Alliance and looks forward to the completion of jurisdiction and planning negotiation of shared Nations. with neighrbouring First protocols Society Treaty The Nations of the Hamatla was formed in 1994 as Society Treaty The Hamatla body of the Laich-Kwil-Tach the administrative mandate is Council of Chiefs. Its Tlowitsis K’omoks for the to negotiate a fair and equitable treaty the are The member Nations member Nations. Kai, and the Wai Wei Tlowitsis, K’ómoks, Kwiakah, assertedTheir collective Nations. First Kum Wai Wei traditional territory Area. Plan includes the entire reserves in the Plan of the member bands have Three has two reserves near Nation First Tlowitsis The Area. N ATIONS N IRST F N operation and the Kelsey Bay log sort have negatively sort log negatively have Bay and the Kelsey operation perhaps contributed and have the economy, impacted and (i.e. food Tourism loss. to the population also supportsaccommodation) local employment. potential tourism assessment of Sayward’s A recent and Discovery Strait to Johnstone identified its access “Opportunities” for the industry. as“strength” Passage pertinent include re-development the coastal zone to wildlife viewingof the log sort in the Salmon area, at of lodges/resorts and development estuary, River study of this The results and Race Points. Bay Brown is the only Bay 15. Kelsey Table in summarized are Port and Campbell River between small craft harbour serves River Campbell as the regional McNeill. (e.g. high for servicescentre in Sayward not available outlets). school, hospital, airport, bank and retail The Plan Area includes the traditional territories of includes the traditional territories of Area The Plan Kwiakah, Tlowitsis, the Xwémalhkwu, Klahoose, Nations. First Kum Wai We Kai and Wai We Comox, The Xwémalhkwu (Homalco) First Nation The traditional territory of the Xwémalhkwu First Thurlow, to include from extends Nation Arm, and Bute Phillips Islands, and Stuart Sonora adjacent to Calm its villages were Historically, Inlet. and up to Southgate Inlet Bute Channel throughout Waiatt islands, in the Discovery and rivers Homathco the Presently, Island. and Maurelle Bay Small Bay, main community is I.R. 9 in Campbell Nation’s has 9 reserves totaling some 620 The Nation River. is in The Nation Area. in or near the Plan hectares of implementing the addition of Lot the process to the 56 hectares, of approximately 1835, an area located in These are Reserve. Indian House Church and Calm Island Sonora River, Homathko Inlet, Bute band population is estimated to be Total Channel. 222 The most populated reserve (approx. 477. The Xwémalhkwu persons) is in Campbell River. in December process the treaty entered Nation First 4 of the six-stage process, in Stage 1993, and is now in principle. negotiating an agreement economic activities Nation’s The Xwémalhkwu First eco- forestry, include presently Area in the Plan shellfish harvesting.tourism and commercial is harvesting of marine and land resources Traditional the traditional territorycarried out throughout which incidentally makes up a large part of the Johnstone- moving The Xwémalhkwu are Area. Plan Bute forward with plans to harvest and manage forestry COASTAL PLAN

The Johnstone - Bute 32 one indicator of thearea’s economicmake-up. is The distributionofthelabour force by industry 13.8% compared toaprovincial rateof8.5%. for CampbellRiver in2001was12.7%andSayward offices inCampbellRiver. The unemployment rate tourist operatorsthatare active inthePlan Area have Area. Forestry operations,aquaculture andsome reported here togenerallyreflect thatofthePlan Labour force informationforCampbellRiver is is thecaseforSayward andArea J. median incomeisbelow theprovincial average asthis population size. It wouldappearthatthePlan Area available forthePlan Area becauseofthesmall Census dataonincomeandemployment isnot licence withanannualallowable cutof25,000m The Hamatla Treaty Society holdsatimbersale were notavailable fortheK’ómoksNation. Wai KaiFirst Nation is845.Population statistics band members. The bandmembershipofthe We off-reserve. The Wei Wai Kum First Nation has598 21 bandmembers(September 2003)mostlyliving Bay.River andAlert The has Nation has342bandmembers,livinginCampbell Campbell River-Comox area. The Tlowitsis First 2,055 personswithmostmembersresiding inthe The Treaty Society’s bandmemberpopulationis withinthePlan Area. traditionalterritory have asserted landslocatedwithinthePlanreserve Area although The, K’ómoksand We Wai KaiFirst Nations have no Channel. The three totalabout63hectares. reserves in Loughborough Inlet andonewithinCordero First Nation hasthree inthePlan reserves Area, two Island totalingsome69hectares. The Wei Wai Kum ofStuart inPhillipsreserves Armandjustnorth Port Neville totaling110hectares. The Kwiakah has N 2.6. EconomicStructure and Trends intourismandaquacultureopportunities industries. activities,bandshave, andare investigating,industry operations.Inmanage theforestry additiontoforest of thefive memberbands(LeqwaEnterprises) will sectors.Alimitedpartnership andforestry harvesting employment inthe and/ortrainingopportunities in themanagementofforest resources, andprovide of theHamatla Treaty Society oritsmemberNations, this timbersalelicenceare toencourageparticipation and afive-year term. The government’s objectives for I CM AND NCOME L ABOUR F ORCE N 3 companies operating22finfishaquaculture tenures in aquaculture development. Presently there are six good infrastructure makethePlan Area attractive for Favourable watertemperature, protected watersand equally onfishing,tourism,publicsector, andtransfers. the Bute area economyisdiversified, dependingabout dependency ontheforest industry. In relative terms, Island. For CampbellRiver, high there isavery Sayward. The Bute area includesQuadra andCortes area includes Tahsis andGold River aswell as Forstill instructive. theanalysis,CampbellRiver findings are basedon1996datatheinformationis picture ofthearea’s “economic drivers”. While the corresponding basicactivitytoprovide aclearer associates thedependentincomewith basic incomewithinthedefinedregion. The analysis area anddependentincomeisthere-spending ofthis basic incomeisdefinedasrevenue coming intothe measure ofincomedependency. In thisanalysis, Another perspective ofthelocaleconomyisa employment, fully10timestheprovincial average dramatic, thesetwosectorsaccountedfor31%of andfarmemploymentforestry waseven more the labourforce activity. In Sayward thebiastowards of pulp mills,accountsforasignificantproportion and agriculture. Manufacturing, mostlysawand commercial fishing,aquaculture,harvesting, mining industries,such asforest associated withprimary labour force ofworkers hasahigherproportion Relative totheprovincial profile, theCampbellRiver F N 2.7. Economic Activities Figure 15. SIGAND ISHING Health/education uiesservicesBusiness A te servicesOther QUACULTURE Manufacture Experienced labour force by industry Finance Primary Trade W ILD %5 0 5 0 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% ,C British Columbia H OMMERCIAL ARVESTS N Source: 2001Canada Censuss Campbell River 33

COASTAL PLAN

Other

Transfers

Other Basic Other

Construction 1996 BC Statistics Source:

Public in 2002, the area a value representing of $6373. Fisheries in Area not held were 13 in 2003 or 2004. The total allowable catch for 2005 is set at 2,000 lbs.

Tourism Agriculture 18 16 16 16 16 Campbell River Area Campbell River

Total Sites Total Reporting Fishing Mining The Johnstone - Bute - Johnstone The

Income dependency 1996 7 8 8 Bute Area Forestry 10 12 # of sites with no harvest

5 0

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 % of Area's total income total Area's of % widely used in the recreational fishery. Populations of Populations fishery. recreational widely used in the are Area littleneck clams within the Plan and Manila as Island Sonora on located in Cameleon Harbour Hemming Point, Blanch Harbour, as Forward well Thurston Bay. and Bay Big Bay, Crabs the second most valuable crabs are Dungeness invertebrate fishery coast of Canada on the west to be a is not considered Area although the Plan crab fisheryThe commercial major crab fishing area. and to December September operates mainly from size DFO through and is managed by to June March The fishery and sex limitations and seasonal closures. boats in from uses traps or ring nets on long lines set coastal waters. sheltered estuaries or in relatively of a landed value DFO indicate Catch statistics from crab commercial 13. Important $238,789 for Area River, Orford found in Cooper Reach, are areas Arm, Phillips Creek, Gray River, Paradise Owen Creek, Moh Creek, Grassy Bay, Inlet/Sidney Bay. and Elk Chonat Bay Bay, Blenkinsop Bay, harvested the throughout are commercially Geoducks most valuable. and the fisheryyear is one of BC’s declined the inside waters have Landings from The majority of the commercial slightly since 1987. fishery Catch Area. place outside of the Plan takes taken from 13 indicate 302kgs were statistics for Area Figure 16. 16. Figure 8 9 4 8 8 # of sites with harvest Species Harvested Atlantic, Chinook Atlantic, Atlantic Atlantic Atlantic, Chinook, Oysters Chinook, Atlantic, Atlantic, Chinook, Oysters Chinook, Atlantic, 36,460 * Farmgate Value Farmgate ($,000) * 27,984 18,812 Harvest (Tonnes) 10,927 * * 4,759 3,176 Confidential - fewer than three companies reporting harvest. Source: BC MAFF Development 2004 Development BC MAFF Seafood harvest. companies reporting Confidential - fewer than three Source: Table 11. Aquaculture Production in the Johnstone-Bute in the Johnstone-Bute Production Aquaculture 11. Table 1999-2002 Area Coastal Plan Year 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 the Plan Area. Atlantic salmon and chinook salmon salmon and chinook Atlantic Area. the Plan the primaryare and steelhead as coho species, as well cod is also being explored. black trout; within the lower focused of sites are The majority and Nodales around portion Area, Plan of the on industry Based Channels. interviewsOkisollo and support about 50-60 the tenures other information, off- positions on-site. Additional full time equivalent processing is supported at the three site employment supportingvarious as the as well plants in the area servicesbusinesses which supply and material to the of harvested 2002, the value In industry. aquaculture $36 million. farm salmon exceeded shellfish is only one commercial there Currently Nations First However, Area. within the Plan tenure intentions to explore companies have and private potential sites. are of other shellfish salmon and a wide variety Wild to salmon, respect With harvested Area. in the Plan and chum harvestthe sockeye for most of accounted clams and crabs in 2003. Prawns, the landed value account for a large proportion of the other wild of salmon harvest. 2003, the total landed value In in DFO and other marine species was $6.8 million 13, which includes, but is somewhat larger than Area Area. the Plan Clams harvested within the Plan Clams are commercially tides using during low intertidal from areas Area main The three rakes and hand picking methods. butter and littleneck species harvested the Manila, are and littleneck species make up the clams. Manila majority of the harvest due to higher prices and a is one of the key Strait Johnstone market. stronger 13 clams. Area harvest for littleneck and Manila areas a catch statistics for the 2003 clam fishery represent small of $265,488. Although a relatively landed value it is important and to coastal communities fishery, also to many people. Clams are employment provides and are Nations for First a traditional food source * COASTAL PLAN

The Johnstone - Bute 34 Historically 95%ofthedive scallopslandings have Okisollo Channel withinArea 13-8to13-12. within thePlan Area are currently restricted to based managementplan.Experimental licences order toobtaininformationdevelop abiologically wasinitiatedby DFOin experimental dive fishery to thelackofmanagement controls. In 2000 an wasdiscontinueddue methods. In 1999thefishery within thePlan Area through bothdive andtrawl Pink andSpiny commercially scallopsare harvested Scallops taken incidentallyintheprawnfishery. about stocksanddistribution;mostofthecatchis discouraged by DFOduetolimitedinformation The direct ofshrimpis commercial harvest Okisollo ChannelandSmall Inlet. Channel, Sidney Bay/Beaver Inlet, Cordero Channel, are Bute Inlet, Loughborough Inlet, Chancellor $1,907,409. Important prawnareas inthePlan Area inArea 13withavaluehighest value of fishery tobethesecond statistics indicatetheprawnfishery southern coastalareas closetolocalmarkets. Catch live product islandedfrom dayvessels operatingin destined fortheJapanese market while theremaining 90% ofthecommercial catchisfrozen atseaand toexpandintooffshoreopportunity waters.Over are deemedtobefullysubscribed,withsome southern coastalwaters.Licenceswithininshore areas coast withthemajorityofcatchcomingfrom occurs from May untilearlyJuly throughout theBC meters deepwitharocky substrate. The fishery fished usingtrapssetfrom boats,inwaters55to90 Pacific coastshrimpspecies andare commercially Prawns are thelargestandmostlucrative ofthe Prawns andShrimp by DFO. fishingareas ismaintainedinconfidence BC are stillbeingdiscovered. The precise locationof been explored whereas areas coastof inthenorth Most oftheproductive bedsinthe southcoasthave harvesting. andtoreduceefforts thepotentialforover areas hasincreased inorder tospread outfishing grouped togetherandthenumberofmanagement management areas. Over timesmallerbeds are virgin biomass.Individual bedsare grouped by DFO set basedona1%annualexploitationrateofthe basis usingaconstantcatchstrategywhere quotasare ismanagedonathree year rotationalThe fishery Rock Bay toPalmer Bay. Point Rapids, Graveyard Point to Bear Point and urchin areas include Wellbore Channel East,Green and ceremonial purposes. Important commercial fishery. First Nations utilize urchins for food,social order togatherscientificinformation regarding the protocol in toexpandunderanexploratory harvest 2003, valued at$180,820.DFOplansto allow the indicate 94,454lbswere takenfrom Area 13during fishing area forgreen urchins. Catch statistics and March andthe Plan Area isidentifiedasacore within thePlan Area primarilybetween November Both Green andRed Sea Urchins are harvested the majorityoffishery. 13. Currently coastssupport thecentralandnorth Area, withlandedvalues of$77,054in2003forArea ofthePlan cucumber occursinsouthcoastportions October andNovember. Commercial fishingforsea three tofourweek periodduringthemonthsof isrestricted toa management strategythefishery to First Nations. Under thecurrent DFO and winterare foodresource alsoanimportant Sea by cucumbersare divers harvested duringautumn Sea Cucumber landed value of$38,973. areas southofAreacome from fishery 13foratotal Chinook Chum Pink Sockeye Salmon Total Clams Scallops Geoduck Shellfish Total Crabs Octopus Prawns Shrimp Sea Cucumber Sea Urchin Plankton (euphausids) Herring (spawn onkelp) Other Species Total Catch Statistics: Area 13, 2003 Table 12. Commercial SalmonandShellfish sci/sa/Commercial/Summaries/AnnualReports/Annual03_user.htm Note geoduck (includes southofthePlan Area toCapeMudge) http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ Source: DFOCommercial Salmon andShellfish CatchStatistics Area 13 fishery on a 3 year rotation, no fishery inArea ona3year 132003,2004 rotation, nofishery fishery 1,596 2,545,729 500,815 497,050 3,545,190 67,478 7,820 302 (2002) 75,600 31,239 5,573 148,504 11,375 51,849 42,843 (green only) 13,567 21,563 326,513 weight(lb’s) 2003 Landed Value $ 2003 7,145 1,798,011 154,503 2,000,496 3,960,155 265,488 38,973 6,318 (2002) 310,779 238,789 17,370 1,907,410 21,219 77,054 180,820 16,451 194,075 4,802,288 35 COASTAL PLAN ute B Licence Holder Products Ltd. Products Western Forest Forest Western Company Ltd. Company Weyerhaeuser Weyerhaeuser Scott Paper Limited Scott Paper Products International Forest Timberwest Ltd. Timberwest forest licences forest forest licences forest 1 e - e n N 80,000 95,000 92,000 280,000 130,000 400,000 sto 22,775 of ) 3 cottonwood hn Approximate Volume Annual (m o J ECREATION R e Th 5 between Bute 5 between OURISM AND T Table 13. Estimated annual harvest the Estimated annual in 13. Table Plan Area Management Unit Management Loughborough Inlet (block 2) Loughborough TFL 25: head of TFL 25: and Loughborough Inlets and Loughborough TFL 39: Block TFL 39: head of Bute Inlet TFL 43: Homathko River River Homathko TFL 43: Thurlow Thurlow Arm, and east end of West West and east end of Arm, TFL 45; Philips Arm, Fredrick Fredrick Arm, Philips TFL 45; Philips Arm and Port Neville Neville Arm and Port Philips Hardwicke, Sonora islands, Sonora islands, Hardwicke, Supply Block, Thurlows, Thurlows, Block, Supply TFL 47; Johnstone Strait Johnstone TFL 47; Loughborough Supply block Supply Loughborough Strathcona TSA; Strathcona TSA; Bute Inlet Sunshine Coast TSA; TSA; Sunshine Coast 1 annual volume was estimated by proportioning AAC timber harvesting proportioning AAC land base by was estimated 1 annual volume harvest recent historyin unit or reviewing N The Plan Area contains a variety of attractive features features of attractive contains a variety Area The Plan areas, This includes highly scenic that draw visitors. wildlife abundant aquatic and terrestrial relatively anchorages. wilderness quality and secure resources, on the BC the longest fiords is one of Inlet Bute potential. coast and offers considerable tourism of the tidal channels bounded Along the shorelines mainland there islands and the and Sonora Stuart by lodge and private is a concentration of commercial Probably a significant number of these persons reside persons reside number of these a significant Probably wood flow Assuming the area. River in the Campbell of the mill about 30% flow, to the regional is similar with River Campbell around is in and employment gross The occurring further south. the remainder stumpage revenue and government of the logs value values. average is estimated using most recent based on the Looking to the future, TFL’s, and the TSA’s for the timber supply analyses harvest is expected to be relatively available volume the next few decades. stable over industry coast forest is facing a The province’s clearly affecting and these are number of challenges the Nevertheless, - Bute. operations in Johnstone cost of marine storage and low relatively transportation is an of logs, goods and products to operators within important advantage competitive area. the Johnstone-Bute Forestry land is under the forest the Crown Presently Forest Coast Sunshine of the direction management and Inlet) Bute land in forest (administering District Industry gains District. Forest the Campbell River forms of timber under various access to the Crown farm tree area-based commonly tenures, forest (i.e. licences (TFL) types of volume-based and various has a Area The Plan licences. specific) forest not area history activity and much of the logging of extensive upland is currently Area timber of the Plan Crown farm licence. under tree harvesting in the early 1900s along the began Timber inland as technological coastline and moved harvesting is done by Now, allowed. innovations no are There helicopter. methods and by conventional of Most Area. manufacturing facilities in the Plan the harvest is destined for mills located in Campbell Basin. Strait or mill sites in the Georgia River is the industry’s to the coastal plan Pertinent and navigable to access the foreshore requirement waters for dumping, sorting, storing and eventually sites are Water transporting logs to de-watering sites. and to moor for helicopter drops also required sites foreshore numerous are There floating camps. site Actual the industry. used by Area in the Plan used, intermittently currently from utilization varies The Plan use or abandoned. used, potential future waterway transportation is also a key marine Area’s transported Logs are industry. corridor for the forest as to southern mills, as well Area the Plan through markets. to final offshore moving products forest An indicator of the economic significance of forest was estimated harvesting Area adjacent to the Plan that year in an average based on a typical volume for foreshore Area to the Plan would be delivered water storage and transport was volume (annual timber harvesting proportioning AAC estimated by harvest recent history).land base in unit or reviewing intended to illustrate estimates are The quantitative a the magnitude of the economic activity and provide is not a general understanding of its significance. It of logs harvestedThe total volume estimate. precise is estimated at 1 million Area adjacent to the Plan per year. cubic metres applied to this economic coefficients are Average of the economic measures and provide volume supportsThis volume some 575 full contribution. positions at the harvestingtime equivalent stage. COASTAL PLAN

The Johnstone - Bute 36 this activity. fulltime equivalent positionsdirectly associatedwith There are atleast200 seasonaljobs,orabout100 Island area) accountforabout80%ofthis total. and private lodges/resorts (primarilyintheStuart is estimatedtobeatleast$14million. The public the private lodges,tourismspendinginarecent year application ofthe“lodge” buildingblockstoportray and Based onthefindingsofinformal interviews employment andpurchasing goodsandservices. economicactivityby providingthey support seasonal do notoperateonacommercial basis.Nevertheless, fishing guidesandguideoutfitters. The private lodges day excursions by airandboat,independent contract independentguidesforfishingandother that offerfoodandaccommodationoften Broadly, iscomposedoflodge/resorts theindustry provide indicationofthissignificance. apreliminary of Plan Area touristoperatorswasconductedto among operatorsandproducts. Aninformalsurvey Area theproduct/business varies tosupport greatly diversity of“products”, andthereliance onthePlan because the“industry” isnotself-organized, there isa inthePlan Area ischallenging the tourismindustry An estimateoftheeconomicactivityassociatedwith average isprobably about20%. discussions withoperatorsindicatetheindustry visitors thatare BCresidents varies by business,but to theendofSeptember. ofthe The proportion The operatingseasonforthelodgesisnormallyMay infrastructure andcatertotheir invited guests. lodges have substantialinvestments inbuildingsand Stuart Island lodgesarrive by air. The several private helicopter. oftheclienteleto Alargeproportion private boat,watertaxis,jetfloatplaneand access Stuart Island andthePlan Area generally, by program isrepresentative ofsuchinitiatives. Visitors and hiking. The Xwémalhkwu“Bears ofBute” culturaltourism,kayaking, such aswildlifeviewing, growing in“eco-tourism” participation experiences, drawformostvisitors. still theprimary There is superior saltwatersalmonfishingexperience. This is The Stuart Island area hashistoricallyoffered a Mayne Passage), andsomefacilitiesnearSayward. lodges (e.g.operatorsonCordero Channeland Plan Area, there are several smallmarineoriented private lodgeslocatedhere. In theremainder ofthe facilities withapproximately 10publicresorts and commissioned astudy economic impacts. The Outdoor Recreation Council difficult toidentifylinkagesbetween usersandtheir included withinthebroader tourismsector, makingit statistics are available, recreational usersare typically users includebothlocalresidents andvisitors. Where sector ismore challengingtoidentify. Recreational The economicimpactoftheself-guidedrecreational the saltwaterfishingproduct. protect rockfish populations)maynegatively impact restrictions (i.e.to concern thatfishconservation tourism basedbusiness.In term,there theshort is noted earlier, First Nations are expectingtodevelop to thispotentialmarket for4-6hourexcursions. As accessible andoffersanattractive adventure excursion approximately 1millionpeople. The Plan Area is shipstransittheareacruise some500timescarrying within CampbellRiver. AnnuallyAlaskabound shipdock secured ofacruise fortheconstruction product maybeboostedsincefundinghasbeen will continuetogrow inpopularity. Demand forthis There istheexpectationthateco-tourismproduct The industry’s ofitsfuture view prospects ispositive. area alone. The scopeforexpansionwithin the annual revenue/expenditures intheJohnstone-Bute this figure isroughly equivalent to$1.5millionin identified intheOutdoor Recreation Council report, user’s Using harvest. projections similartothose Chinook salmonaccountsformostoftherecreation “boat trips” annuallyduringthepastthree years. Georgia Strait recorded creel survey about40,000 specific totheJohnstone-Bute Plan Area theDFO annually across thecentralcoastsubarea. More are estimatedtohave generatedover $5million kayaking. Across theCentralCoast,theseactivities recreational activitiesfollowed by boatingand the highestrevenue generatoramongmarine boating andkayaking.Saltwater fishingrepresented most popularactivity, followed by saltwaterfishing, Johnstone-Bute), wildlife/nature wasthe viewing Within theCentralCoastsubarea (includes Bute communitiesandthoseimmediatelyadjacent. the recreational sectortotheeconomyofJohnstone- provides someindicationastothecontributionof extent ofthereport’s studyarea andconsequently Johnstone-Bute Plan Area comprisesthesouthern coastBC. economies ofcentralandnorth The accurately quantifythevalue ofrecreation tothelocal 2003. Vancouver Outdoor Recreation CouncilofBC Central Coast,North Coastand Queen CharlotteIslands/ December, 1 Economic Impact AnalysisofOutdoor Recreation onBritish Columbia's 1 in 2003 in an effort tomore in2003aneffort The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN

Table 14. CCLRMP Candidate Protection Areas

Candidate Protection Unit Area Significant Tourism and Recreation Features Areas (CCLRMP) (upland) Forward Harbour 6 409ha One of the safest anchorages along the route Pink salmon, chum and Coho runs Popular sport fishing spot Head of harbour important for waterfowl Cultural significance Scenic views Philips Estuary 10 1,068ha High use by fish and grizzly bears Cultural significance Wildlife viewing opportunities Stafford Estuary 19 538ha High fisheries values Seasonal grizzly use Rare plants nearby Moderate use by waterfowl Thurston Bay Extension 11 202ha Good anchorage Existing trail system High visual quality High tourism and recreation use and potential Cultural values Yorke Island 3 38ha Recreation priority for the Central Coast Historic artillery site WWII Critical anchorage site along Inside Passage High tourism use and potential Gillard/Jimmy Judd Islands 13 *Description to come*

Estero Basin 12 2322ha Opportunities for remote backcountry recreation and tourism activities from adjacent communities, resorts and cruise ships High estuary/wetland values and biodiversity associated with fish and wildlife habitats present in the area Conservation of special features: Representation of outer Fjord land ecosection tourism industry and for recreational users varies by A private campground operates near the park. sector but is seen to be generally positive. Thurston Bay Provincial Marine Park is located on Tourism and recreational values exhibit varied the northwest side of . The park resiliencies to nearby development. Much of this is provides sheltered anchorage and recreational related to personal preferences; while one fisherman opportunities for boaters traveling the popular Inside is unconcerned about anything but whether the fish Passage. Access to the park is by boat only. Activities are biting, another’s experience may be profoundly supported by the park include swimming, fishing, impacted by visual and noise considerations hiking and paddling. In August 2000, 136 parties associated with some forms of development. (i.e. about 430 persons) visited this park. Certainly, for some sectors, environmental conditions The Plan Area upland is within the area being are primary considerations for users and/or clientele assessed in the Central Coast Land and Resource seeing a ‘pristine wilderness’ experience. As a Management Plan Area. The CCLRMP identified a consequence, the ideal separation distance between number of candidate protected areas in the planning different marine uses can vary considerably and has area, identified in Table 14. proven to be an issue of some contention between The province has conducted Tourism Opportunity different marine sectors. Studies (TOS) at a broad scale to identify sustainable There are two provincial parks and a number of tourism based development on the North Island and forest service recreation sites in the Plan Area. The mainland coast. Study areas were based on Forest Rock Bay Marine Park is at the junction of Discovery District boundaries; two studies identified Strengths, Passage and Johnstone Straits. It consists entirely of Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) in foreshore. Activities supported at the site include portions of the Johnstone-Bute Plan Area. The scuba diving, fishing, boating, paddling and wildlife Sunshine Coast TOS includes Bute Inlet and Stuart viewing. No visitation statistics are reported. Island, while the Campbell River & Port McNeill 37 COASTAL PLAN

The Johnstone - Bute 38 that require awideberth. in theirnavigationalabilities andtravel specificroutes Due tothesenarrowthevessels are limited waterways shiptraffic travelingroute upthecoast. forcruise Johnstone-Strait andDiscovery Passage isamain the Plan Area. Towboat Reservesprovide within suchopportunities Land Act protected from stormsandunfavorable tides.Several Area require safeanchoragesinbaysandinlets towboats andrecreational boaterswithinthePlan The activitiesofthecommercial fishingfleet, gasfacilitiesandlodging. suchaswharves, services Blind ChannelandKelsey Bay provide marine Locations withinOkisollo Channel,Stuart Island, and avariety oftraps. usingmethodssuchastroll,invertebrates trawl,net ofbothfishand timeframes fortheharvest ofthePlan Arealarge portion duringspecific anchorages. The commercial fishingfleetutilizes a passage route andfrequenting themanyprotected extensively by recreational boaterstraveling theinside area andLower Mainland. floated andbargedtomillsintheCampbellRiver withinthePlan Areamuch ofthetimberharvested is of thePlan Area. Due tothelimitedroad access, commercial marinetrafficandtheeconomicactivities ofthePlan Area areThe waterways essentialfor N N within thePlan Area are presented in Table 15. oftheSWOTA summary analysisfortheregions Forest District TOS includestheDistrict ofSayward. late 1990’s. exploration activitywasrecorded inthearea inthe Estero Basin, andattheheadofBute Inlet. Some Arm, theeastshore ofLoughborough Inlet, of north lived. Valid mineraltenures are clustered inPhillips located closetotidewater. Allthemineswere short seen anumberofsmallgoldproducers, mostofthem presently nooperatingmetalsmines. The area has Arm andsomeofthe Thurlow islands. There are trending belttraversing Loughborough Inlet, Phillips industrial mineralsexistover anarrow northwest Relatively highmineralpotentialformetalsand M M ARINE INING Notations ofInterest forBoatHavens and T N RANSPORTATION The N waters are alsoused Strengths Strengths Weaknesses Strengths Weaknesses Opportunity Weaknesses Opportunity Opportunity Threats Threats Threats Stuart Island Stuart ButeInlet Sayward andDistrict Bute Inlet and Stuart Island Bute InletandStuart SWOT Analysis for Sayward District, Table 15. of Summary Tourism Studies Opportunity Source: Sunshine Coast Tourism, Public Recreation andCommercial Recreation Study 2002 , Tourism Study Opportunities forPortions oftheCampbellRiver andPort McNeill Forest .ONEIDENTIFIED (UTSYSTEMSFORKAYAKERSANDBOATERS3HUTTLINGSERVICES #OMPROMISEOFSCENICVALUES 0RIMARILYMARINEACCESS.OPUBLICTRANSPORTATION )SLANDS STATIONS 6IEWINGOPPORTUNITIESASSOCIATEDWITHTHEBEARSAND$ISCOVERY ESTUARIES WATERFOWL MARINEMAMMALS VIEWS LODGESANDFUELING (IGHWINDSANDLACKOFSUITABLECAMPINGAREASORANCHORAGES .UMEROUSHIGHRECREATIONFEATURESANCHORAGES RAPIDS s4AXBASETHREATENEDBYLOGSORTCLOSURE s(IKINGTOURSLINKINGWATERFEATURES s3KITOURING-T#AINAND3CHOEN,AKE0ROVINCIAL0ARK s3CUBA$IVING s!RTISANS s4RAINBIKES s3NOWMOBILING s,ODGERESORTS"ROWN"AY 2ACE0OINTS s#AMPGROUNDS7OSS,AKE s7ILDLIFEVIEWING3ALMON2IVERESTUARY s$IFFERENTUSEOFLOGSORTAREAIFWHENCLOSES s8!46TOURING s,INKWITH#AMPBELL2IVERAND.ORTH)SLANDTOURISMPRODUCTS s&AMILYRAFTING3ALMON2IVER s7ATERSKIING s&RESHWATERFISHING STEELHEAD s(IKINGTRAILNETWORK s"#&ERRIESTRAVELMARKETS s4OURISTCAVING.EWCASTLE 7HITE2IVER .IMPKISH,AKE s#AVINGINTERPRETIVECENTRE s2ECREATIONALCAVING s!,2LAND 4&,FORESTINMOSTOFREGION s,ACKOFACCESSTOMARKETINGRESOURCES s5NDER REPRESENTATIONBY46) s4OURISMOPERATORSFROMOUTSIDEREGION s3MALLPOOLOFTRAINEDLABOUR s,ACKOFINDUSTRYCOOPERATION s,ACKOFACCOMMODATION s,ACKOFTOURISMINFRASTRUCTURE s-ARINEACCESSTO*OHNSTONE3TRAITAND$ISCOVERY#OAST s0ROXIMITYTO-T#AIN s!BUNDANCEOFACCESSIBLELAKES s/UTSTANDINGKARSTFORMATIONS 3PECTACULARVIEWSOFPEAKSANDHANGINGGLACIERS"EAR6IEWING Districts 2000 COASTAL PLAN

The Johnstone - Bute 18 estuaries, there are clambeaches (84 ha) important that totalapproximately 90ha. Within these Loughborough Inlet atFrazer Bay andMcBride Bay category. There are 2major estuariesattheheadof shore typelocatedwithinthishabitat estuary Loughborough Inlet islow withonly14%ofthe The overall ofestuarinehabitatin proportion wave exposure from localized outflow winds. oceanic conditions,theyare susceptibletomoderate inlets are protected from highwave exposure from benthic substrateisdominatedby mud.Although the the protected moderatelydeepinlethabitat; the in thelower inlet. Weak currents are characteristicin ratio ofcold(<8C)intheupperinlettowarm(10C) temperatures are variable withapproximately a50:50 water depthsrangingfrom 50to200m. Water Plan Area. The inletissteepsidedwithmoderate salmonids andherring. migration andrearing corridorforadultandjuvenile throughout theinletalsoprovides animportant Inlet inPlanning Unit 18.Shoreline habitat ofButelocated onbothsidesoftheupperportion habitat withintheJohnstone-Bute Plan Area is Approximately 80%oftheshoreline herringspawn istheabundanceofherringspawnhabitat. category significancetotheglacialfjordOf particular habitat in thishabitatcategory. the totalclamhabitatwithinPlan Area identified estuaries issignificant,withapproximately 21%of of theOrford River. Clamproduction inthese inlet. locatedatthemouth There isasmallerestuary mouth oftheHomathko River attheheadof inthePlan Area islocatedatthe single largestestuary although the within thedeepinlethabitatcategory limited very Estuarine habitatisproportionally withinButecommercial Inlet. fishery a Krill production issignificantenoughtosupport and herringdrawsalargenumberofpredator species. March andApril. The combinationofEuphasiids migrate withtheadultherringaftertheyspawnin the Bute Entrance andlower Bute area andout- Bute Inlet herringmature area. andrear Larval in inthelower larvae concentrating fish/invertebrate Gulf ofGeorgia Drift mayalsoberesponsible for thought tocreate aphenomenonidentifiedasthe N proportion, 7.8%(64km proportion, to Loughborough Inlet andrepresents asmall islimited The moderatelydeepinlethabitatcategory M ODERATELY D EEP I NLETS 2 ) oftheJohnstone-Bute N Bute Inlet the mouthofHomathko River locatedattheheadof Photo 5. Sidney Bay andCooperReach. Area, withsignificantpopulationsinBeaver Inlet/ 25% ofthetotalcrabhabitatmappedforPlan highest amountofcrabhabitat,havingapproximately cucumbers. Loughborough Inlet provides thesecond habitat forprawns,crabs,seaurchins andsea mammals andbirds. Inlet watersalsoprovide critical and migrationcorridorsforfishaswell asmarine Protected inlethabitatprovides criticalfeedingareas have been mappedare locatedinLoughborough Inlet. Approximately 10%ofthetotalclambeachesthat near themouthofStafford andApple Rivers. is outsidethe context ofthischapter. onadjacentterrestrialroad construction areas, which resource development activitiessuchasloggingand marine systemscanalsobe largely affectedby tonotethattheecologicalintegrityof important development activities withinthestudyarea. It is assist decisionmakersindeterminingsuitablemarine outlined forthePlan Area. This informationmay mammal specieswithinthehabitatcategories types utilized by bird keyfish,invertebrate, and description ofthelocationandtiminghabitat species withinthePlan Area. Alsoincludedisa and distributionofthemostdocumentedmarine provides baselineinformationregarding thepresence to theJohnstone -Bute Plan Area. This information oftheknownbrief overview biologicalvalues typical Plan Area. The purposeofthissectionistoprovide a and marinebirds resident totheJohnstone -Bute species includingshellfish,finfish,marinemammals Following isadescriptionofknown keymarine 2.4. Biological Features Upstream aerialview ofprimeestuarinehabitatat Photo: Graham Winterbottom 2003 19 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn o J e Th conservation concerns expressed by DFO and conservation by expressed concerns place to sustain migration in actions are management to the river. routes also are chinook and coho stocks of Significant with significant Area Plan in the produced Homathko, in the Phillips, populations produced watersheds. River Read and Apple Southgate, Orford, in small likely produced coho stocks are Additional the throughout creeks but significant undocumented a conservation DFO has expressed Area. Plan coho stocks. Mainland concern for declining the Johnstone-Bute throughout produced are Salmon fry with chum and pink Area, Plan the entering during the first spring after marine environment smolts emergence. Chinook, coho and sockeye in the areas generally out-migrate to the estuarine in rearing spring, after spending up to one year Both chinook and coho stocks within the freshwater. illustrate a life history the Area where Plan variation in resulting for one extra year, fry in freshwater rear typically a the out migration of a larger smolt with higher survival fry rate. Salmon and smolts generally habitat, after which in protected disperse and rear to feed as sub areas some species migrate to offshore migration 4). Spawning (Table adults for 2 to 4 years primarily Area into inlet habitat within the Plan with an occurs during the late summer and fall, by that return sockeye River being Heydon exception in of rearing to the additional year Due early June. as large (20 lb), coho spawners return some freshwater, old 3 year old fish, rather than the average 4 year some chinook stocks stock Similarly, coho. mature old spawners. olds rather 4 or 5 year as 6 year return large, white chinook are The majority of Mainland of the unique Phillips fleshed stocks with exception fleshed fish. old, red as 6 year chinook that return River The major stocks of concern in the Johnstone-Bute mainland pink and coho stocks as include Area Plan stocks sockeye spawning and stream lake as rare well systems. River and Fulmore Heydon in the Phillips, conservation actions to address Management concerns on these stocks include a “Ribbon along the mainland side of Johnstone Boundary” Cracroft from that extends 0.5 miles offshore Strait Point to the Brougham Island Cracroft West point on fishing is Commercial Island. Thurlow on East the end of from area the shoreline from restricted to minimize to the middle of September July stocks during of migrating Mainland interception The mortality species has of incidental that period. ), ), ), cutthroat trout trout ), cutthroat Oncorhynchus Oncorhynchus Oncorhynchus mykiss Oncorhynchus ) and Dolly Varden char Varden ) and Dolly ) and sockeye ) and sockeye ), pink ( Oncorhynchus tshawhytscha Oncorhynchus ) salmon are produced in the produced ) salmon are N ). Oncorhynchus mykiss Oncorhynchus PECIES S ), chinook ( Oncorhynchus keta Oncorhynchus Oncorhynchus kisutch Oncorhynchus INFISH F Onchorhynchus clarki clarki clarki Onchorhynchus malma Salvelinus Oncorhynchus nerka Oncorhynchus rainbow trout ( trout rainbow ( ( the primaryChum and pink are salmon species Major Area. Plan in the Johnstone-Bute produced the Homathko, systems include chum producing located systems that are River and Orford Southgate in River as the Heydon as well Inlet in Bute The majority of chums are Inlet. Loughborough fall run stocks that migrate into their considered chum The Orford mid October. by natal streams stock is one of the primary summer run chum stocks pink Major mid August. by and enters the river geographically more systems are producing Wortley River, and include the Phillips widespread and Heydon Stafford as the Apple, as well River stocks pink Mainland Inlet. in Loughborough Rivers and cycle year even on an Area to the Plan return in exhibiting a declining trend many pink stocks are escapement. spawning populations of lake and stream Discrete Heydon in the Phillips, produced stocks are sockeye some of the systems and represent River and Fulmore Coast. on the Mainland rivers few producing sockeye to have considered stocks are River The Fulmore N coho ( ( within the Also produced Area. Plan Johnstone-Bute ( trout Steelhead are study area gorbuscha Salmon been of key salmon have centuries, several For earlier In importance Area. of the Plan to the people the staple food of the First times, salmon was to be item and remains as a key trade as well Nations, an important part First of the daily diet of both abundance Salmon and other local residents. Nations and cannery a fishing sparked the area, boomcross 1800s. Although stocks have beginning in the late continues the salmon resource dramatically declined, Nations and First to support recreational commercial, Area. Plan food fisheries in the 30 documented salmon approximately are There Area, Plan systems in the Johnstone-Bute producing streams 1 coho producing small Order ranging from systems like 5 or 6, glaciated river Order to extensive, salmon species: All 5 Pacific River. the Homathko chum ( COASTAL PLAN

The Johnstone - Bute 20 ( Key groundfish speciesinthePlan Area include Ground fish gillnet fishery. through reduced settimesandlive release by the increase inlive recovery well as from theseinefishery throughbeen reduced an inthecommercial fishery fishery. Declining rockfish stocks have resulted in aswell asthetrawl nearshore hookandline fishery 366 m.Rockfish commercially are by harvested the and live inschools nearthebottomtodepthsup Area. Some speciesofrockfish inhabitdeeper waters and rock walls throughout theJohnstone-Bute Plan Rockfish typicallyinhabitrocky reefs, marineshelves with rockfish. along captured through thehookandlinefishery butare also primarilyby thetrawlfishery harvested waters astheymature. Lingcodare commercially shallow, flatrock bottomhabitatandmove todeeper until lateMay/early June. The juveniles settlein hatch inMarch/April remaining pelagic withlarvae males guard thenestandfaneggsuntilthey December toMarch inshallow water (Table 4). The males, withspawningactivitytakingplacefrom (70-76 cm)forfemalesand2years (46-51cm)for 20 years. First ageofreproduction is3-5years andlive upto m. Lingcodare largelynon-migratory lingcod inhabitwaterdepthsrangingfrom 10to100 Johnstone-Bute Plan Area. For themostpart, current channelsandinletshabitatcategoriesinthe shelves androck wallsprimarilyinthelow andhigh Lingcod typicallyinhabitshallow rocky reefs, marine First Nations fisheries. and also makeasignificantcontributiontothesport withintheJohnstone-Buteharvested Plan Area and Halibut are species acommercially important commonly atdepthsbetween 55and422m. migrate todeeperwater, withadultslivingmost 6-7 monthofage.Asthejuveniles mature, they settle ontosand/gravel substratesatapproximately meters. are currents carriedbyThe larvae surface and 4-5 monthsandtypicallylive atdepthsof100-200 (free-spawning). are pelagicfor The eggsandlarvae each year thatare released intothewatercolumn years andfemalescanproduce 2to3millioneggs age ofreproduction infemalesrangesbetween 8-12 400 m)withintheJohnstone-Bute Plan Area. First January, Pacific halibutspawnindeepwaters(275to elongatus Hippoglossus stenolepis ) androckfish. Between November to ), lingcod( Ophiodon shoreline herringspawnhabitat hasbeenidentified. Loughborough Inlet where anadditional 18% of major herringspawningsite islocatedattheheadof documented shoreline herringspawnhabitat. Another Bute Inlet. This area alonerepresents 80% oftotal Johnstone-Bute Plan Area islocated attheheadof The singlelargestherringspawnhabitatwithinthe in preparation tospawninthespring. mature at3or4years andmigrateinshore inthefall Inlet andrear forupto4years. Herring typically have beenknown toremain year round inlower Bute to areas ofdeeperwaterinthePlan Area. Herring After theirfirstfall,juvenile herringtypically migrate shallow waterofbaysandinlets are nearkelpforests. summer, theschoolingyoung herringrearing in herring intheBute Entrance Planning Unit. By andyoungmay result intheaccumulationoflarval previously, theGulf ofGeorgia Drift phenomenon remain inprotected nearshore habitat.Asmentioned ratesare significantlyhigherifthelarvae and survival hatch inapproximately are 2-3weeks. pelagic Larvae semi-protected areas duringMarch andApril and andshallowintertidal subtidalzones, primarilyin vegetation includingalgaeandeelgrassinthe eggs annually. The eggsare depositedonshoreline age, witheachfemalelayingapproximately 20,000 February andMarch. Herring mature at3-4yrsof with thearea populationincreasing untilspawningin begin tomigrateintothePlan Area duringOctober, herring ( migration, spawningandrearing habitatforPacific The Johnstone-Bute Plan Area provides important Herring 14, 15and20. rock substrateswithinPlanning Units 6,7,8,10,13, fished commercially inhighercurrent passages with recreational andFirst Nation foodfisheries andare Groundfish speciesare forcommercial, important entire upperBute Planning Unit Lawrence Pt, entire Orford Planning Unit 17andthe Bute onNEshore ofStuart Island from andnorth including CooperReach, Planning Unit 16Lower Harbour (Planning Unit 6),Loughborough Inlet ofPlanning Uniteastern portion 3 Yorke, Forward Area includePhillips ArmincludingFanny Bay, DFO RockfishAreas withinthePlan Conservation along thecoastinareas ofrockfish habitat. Proposed strategy, areas withrockfish established conservation implementation ofaDFOrockfish conservation Clupea harengus pallasi ) stocks.Herring 21 COASTAL PLAN ute ve. For For ve. B 19 Deep Warm Deep Warm Inlet Moderate (18%) magnitude of spawn herring activity (March and April) Pelagic larvaePelagic spring through and summer Rearing juveniles throughout Juvenile and Juvenile adults present e - e n spawn in larger sto Rearing smolts throughout Rearing smolts throughout spring to fall from Area Plan hn o Important Adult and juvenile Important migration corridors shoreline J Juvenile and adults Juvenile habitat in on reef 17,18 and adults Juvenile habitat in on reef 16,17,18 16,17,18 Glacial Fjord Moderately Pelagic larvaePelagic spring and through summer Rearing juveniles throughout Large (80%) magnitude of spawn herring activity April) and (March e Th Thaleichthys pacificus) Larvae 14,20 primarily conducted by First Nations to develop to develop Nations First primarily conducted by destined for the large Asian market. product Eulachon is one of only 15 major River The Homathko systems along the BC coast. eulachon producing ( Eulachon rivers and migrate offshore to feed for 2 to 5 years to feed for 2 to 5 years and migrate offshore rivers mid-March to spawn, generally from returning before culturally important species They are to mid-May. Nations. food fishery for First and a highly regarded an important for other food source are Eulachon Rearing smolts throughout Rearing smolts throughout spring to fall from Area Plan Small magnitude of activity in 6,13,14 spawn 2,3,79,6,13,14,20 High Current Inlets Channels and Juvenile and adults on Juvenile habitat in 2,3,6,7,9, reef 13,14,20 and adults on Juvenile habitat in 2,3,6,7,9, reef 13,14,20 Pelagic in 3,6,7,9 Important Adult and juvenile Important migration corridors shoreline Larvae and 15 Pelagic in 4,8 4,8,11,12,15 Low Current Low Inlets Channels and Small magnitude of activity in 11 spawn Juvenile and adults on Juvenile habitat in reef 4,8,11,15 and adults on Juvenile habitat in 4,8,11 reef 15 @ Channel Is., larvaePelagic through spring and summer in Planning Unit15 Schools of rearing in Planning juveniles Unit 15 Larvae Adult migration and spawning throughout the Plan Area. the Plan throughout Adult migration and spawning Adult and juvenile Important migration corridors shoreline population in Planning Unit round year Sizeable migration corridor. and juvenile Important rearing shoreline 15 and 16 Adult migration and spawning throughout the Plan Area. Plan the throughout and spawning Adult migration 1,5,10 Rearing smolts throughout Plan Area from from Area Plan Rearing smolts throughout spring to fall (1-3 yrs) Sub adult marine phase Pelagic in 5 Protected Protected Inlet Shallow Very small Very magnitude of herring in SU1 spawning Young adults throughout Young December to March Spawn to June Planktonic larvae March from Juvenile and adults on Juvenile habitat in 5,10 reef Juvenile and adults on Juvenile habitat in 5 reef Table 4. Utilization of the Habitat Categories for Salmon and Selected Ground Fish Species Ground and Selected Salmon for Habitat Categories of the Utilization 4. Table Herring The remaining small (2%) but still important herring The remaining Point, Granite Cove, include Beaver spawning areas Point, Hewitt Chonat Bay, Bay, Arm, Douglas Phillips Island. and Harding Bay Orford is an important for a wide range food source Herring including delphinids, pinnipeds, fish of predators supports an species and some whales. Herring important fishery commercial Area. in the Plan herring major commercial three are there Currently winter food and bait and fisheries: spawn on kelp, The spawn-on-kelp fishery is special use bait. Rockfish Lingcod Species Planning Unit Salmon Juveniles Sub Adult Fish Ground Halibut Spring Summer Fall Winter round Year No data more specific locations within the Planning Units, refer to text or maps. to text refer specific locations within the Planning Units, more Note: This table illustrates general trends by species and variations will occur outside the seasonal timing windows listed abo species and variations will occur outside the seasonal timing windows by This table illustrates general trends Note: 22 marine fish, mammals and birds at various stages of Pacific coast shrimp species. They are primarily their life cycle. Within their range of Northern bottom dwellers, and prefer sloped, rocky substrates California to the Bering Strait eulachon are produced between 75 and 150 meters. Mature shrimp breed in in a total of only 30-40 rivers, with approximately 15 the late autumn to early winter. Developing eggs are of them located in BC. Spawning areas tend to have carried on the swimmerets of female shrimp until distinct spring floods and glacial headwaters. hatching in the spring. The newly hatched “zoea” Eulachon are classified as a “blue-listed” fish species larvae metamorphose through a number of stages and and are considered to be highly sensitive to human swim freely as zooplankton for approximately 3 development activities and natural events that could months before settling to the bottom to mature affect their productivity. Since 1994, declines in further (Table 5). eulachon runs have been noted. Although the exact Major shrimp and prawns stocks are produced in causes of the decline are unknown, changes in habitat, Bute Inlet, Loughborough Inlet, Chancellor Channel, the warming of the ocean climate, increased marine Topaze Harbour, Phillips Arm, Sidney Bay/Beaver mammal predation and by-catch from offshore trawl Inlet, Cordero Channel, Okisollo Channel and Small fisheries are all cited as contributing factors. Inlet (Table 5). Prawns support a commercial fishery NSHELLFISH AND INVERTEBRATES N in Wellbore Channel, Mayne Pass, Rapids and Okisollo Planning Units as well as in Bute and The Plan Area contains a variety of shellfish and Loughborough Inlets. Shrimp are also commercially invertebrate species that are harvested for harvested in Topaze Harbour, Phillips Arm, commercial, recreational and First Nations use. Only Sunderland channel, Chancellor, Wellbore Channel the predominant shellfish species are discussed, with and Bute Entrance. the understanding that additional shellfish species including northern abalone and weathervane, rock Intertidal Clams and pink spiny scallops are in lower or unknown Intertidal clams within the Plan Area include the abundances throughout the Plan Area. native littleneck clam (Protothaca staminea) and Euphasiids introduced manila clam (Tapes philippinarum). Clams release gametes into the water column from April to Euphasiids, also known as krill, are large free September and the larvae settle and young clams swimming, shrimp-like crustaceans that are burrow into the substrate. Littleneck clams can grow commonly found in large aggregations that can to approximately 30 mm in 3 years off the BC coast. extend for several kilometers. Euphasiids are typically produced in the Arctic and Antarctic waters, but are Clam beaches are spread throughout the Plan Area, also produced in the cold nutrient rich upwelling but are most abundant where mixed substrates of waters of Bute Inlet within the Johnstone-Bute Plan gravel, sand, mud and shells are found in the middle Area. They constitute an integral part of the food and low intertidal zones of protected shoreline areas chain and are an important food source for a variety and estuaries (Table 5). Sizeable clam harvesting of marine fauna, including hake, herring, rockfish, areas are located at the head of Port Neville, salmon, seabirds, and whales. Both the nauplius Blenkinsop Bay, Topaze Harbour, (Head, Read and larvae and adults are pelagic. Jackson Bays), Salmon River, Phillips R, Stafford R and Apple R estuaries, Charles Bay, Owen Bay and Euphasiids only occur in Bute Inlet although Chonat Bay in Okisollo Pass, Bessborough Bay and historically a population once existed in Loughborough the head of Forward Harbour. Clams support a Inlet. Bute Inlet currently supports a commercial commercial fishery in the Yorke, Wellbore Channel fishery for krill which are harvested with fine-meshed and Chancellor Planning Units. plankton trawl nets towed just below the surface. Crabs Prawns and Shrimp The predominant commercial crab species in the Both prawns and shrimp occur throughout the Plan Area is the Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) Johnstone-Bute Plan Area. Seven species of shrimp with adults found to depths of 180 meters but is are found in Plan Area waters and generally inhabit most abundant in water less than 90 m. Dungeness rocky bottom habitat. Prawns (Pandalus platyceros) are most abundant in areas with sandy substrates and/ are the largest and most commercially lucrative of the or shallow waters with eelgrass. Adults mate between The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN

April to September, and females can store sperm for Orford River, Paradise River, Gray Creek, Phillips several months. Most females carry eggs from Arm, Beaver Inlet/Sidney Bay, Grassy Creek, Moh November through February, and eggs hatch and Creek, Owen Bay, Chonat Bay, Elk Bay and larvae progress through 5 pelagic zoeal stages over the Waddington Harbour (Table 5). next 3 to 5 months followed by a final megalops Sea Cucumbers stage (Table 5). Like many other invertebrate species, There are a number of sea cucumber species in the their larval life stage is spent as zooplankton within Johnstone-Bute Sound area, although the giant red the upper 20 m of the water column, thereby (California) sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus) providing an important food source to herring, is the largest and the only one commercially pilchards and salmon. Metamorphosis of the larvae harvested. It is found from the intertidal zone to 250 into their adult form occurs in the spring and crabs meters, on a variety of substrate and current are sexually mature in 1.5 years. conditions. Sea cucumbers spawn between June and Dungeness crabs are usually fished by trap and are August by way of broadcast fertilization. Eggs are highly valued for commercial fishery as well as fertilized in the water column and planktonic larvae recreational and First Nation fishery purposes. (auricularia) feed and develop for approximately 70 Important commercial crab areas within the days before metamorphosis. Sea cucumbers typically Johnstone-Bute Plan Area include Cooper Reach, attain sexual maturity within 5 years. Sea cucumbers

Table 5. Seasonal utilization of habitat categories by shellfish species Species Protected Low Current High Current Glacial Fjord Moderately Shallow Inlet Channels and Inlets Channels and Inlets Deep Warm Inlet Planning Unit 1,5,10 4,8,11,12,15 2,3,7,9,6,13,14,20 16,17,18 19 Prawn/Shrimp Free swimming Free swimming Free swimming Free swimming Free swimming larvae during spring larvae during spring larvae during spring larvae during larvae during and summer and summer and summer spring and summer spring and summer Prawns and shrimp Prawns in Planning Prawns in Planning Unit Prawns throughout Prawns and shrimp in Planning Unit 5,10 Unit 4,8,11,12,15 2,6,13,14,20 Shrimp in 6 Shrimp in 16,17 throughout Shrimp in 4,8,15 Bottom dwelling adults present year round and most abundant at depths between 75 to 150 m Crabs 5 planktonic zoeal stages in the upper 20m of the water column Crabs produced in Small population of Crabs produced in Crabs produced Crabs produced at typically less tha 90 m crabs produced at the Planning Unit 3,6,9,14 at Oxford Bay Sidney and George throughout head of Planning Bays, Beaver Inlet Unit 12 and the head of Inlet

Clams Free swimming larvae Free swimming larvae Free swimming larvae Free swimming Free swimming April to Sept April to Sept April to Sept primarily in larvae April to larvae April to throughout throughout Planning Unit 3,6,7, Sept throughout Sept throughout 14 (min), 20 Adults in coarse sand/mud/gravel substrates in protected or semi-protected middle to low intertidal areas at head of bays and estuaries.

Sea Urchines Adults typically inhabit the lower intertidal and shallow sub title zones on rocky shores with moderate to High wave action. At entrance to Planning Unit 8,11,15 Planning Unit 2,3,7,9, Planning Unit 16,17 Planning Unit 1 13,14,20 Adults spawn in later winter/early spring Euphasida Resident population of Krill produced in Bute Inlet

Spring Summer Fall Winter Year round No data 23 Note: This table illustrates general trends by species and variations will occur outside the seasonal timing windows listed above. For more species specific locations within the Planning Units, refer to text or maps 24 are harvested by divers, usually during autumn and Estuarine habitat also provides critical breeding and winter, and have been a historically important food rearing habitat for resident marine and shoreline bird resource to First Nations. Sea cucumbers are species. It is well documented that estuaries and harvested commercially in the Chancellor, Bute mudflats, particularly those that support significant Entrance, Lower Bute and Orford Planning Units. beds of eelgrass (Zostera spp.) are amongst the most Sea Urchins critical feeding habitats of marine and shoreline birds. All marine bird species require continued access to Three species of sea urchins: red (Strongylocentrotus sheltered waterways and food sources, most commonly franciscanus), green (S. droebachiensis) and purple (S found in productive estuarine and marsh habitat. purpuratus) are represented in the Plan Area. Urchins Studies on the east coast of Vancouver Island have graze on attached or drift seaweed and kelp and have shown that development impacts to estuaries can a specialized jaw consisting of five articulating teeth significantly reduce marine bird productivity. that allow them to reduce plant material. Urchins are often found in aggregations and their combined Resident marine bird species and those that migrate feeding efforts have been known to remove large to the Plan Area have greater management quantities of kelp beds. Urchins typically spawn requirements including protection of specific between January and March, during their second year breeding areas and control over human use, activity when they reach 25 mm in diameter. The planktonic or disturbance at critical times of the year. Breeding larval stage lasts between 2 to 4 months (Table 5). season in the Plan Area typically occurs between Green sea urchins occupy intertidal areas down to April and August. The Canadian Wildlife Service 140 m and are known to migrate seasonally between (CWS) of Environment Canada has identified areas deep and shallow water. Green sea urchin of interest, concern, and significant bird colonies in populations have been rebuilding in the Plan Area. the Plan Area (Figure 13). Sensitive areas including Red sea urchins occupy rocky substrates in shallow annually monitored breeding sites are recognized by sub tidal waters with moderate to strong currents, the CWS as globally significant Important Bird Areas typically to depths of 50 m. Sea urchins are (IBAs). Planning Units 4 & 7 contain the highest harvested commercially in the Chancellor, Bute concentration of marine bird nesting sites including Entrance, Lower Bute and Orford Planning Units. southern shore of Sunderland Channel and Goat Other important urchin producing areas include Island off Helmcken Island (Table 7). Valuable Wellbore Channel East, Green Point Rapids, marsh and estuary habitat used extensively by Graveyard Point to Bear Point and Rock Bay to migratory and resident bird species can be found Palmer Bay. within coves and inlets located in Planning Units 1, 5, 10, 12, 18, 19 & 20. NMARINE BIRDS N The Johnstone-Bute Plan Area supports Bald Eagles The Johnstone-Bute Plan Area is rich in bird life and with a number of nesting sites documented in the supports at least 5 endangered red-listed and 4 Plan Area. Nesting sites have been found throughout vulnerable blue-listed bird species (Table 7). The the Plan Area with the highest concentration of Plan Area has unique habitat that provide important known eagle nests located in the Rapids Planning and sensitive habitats that are critical for bird Units along the northeast shore of Sonora Island. production. Unique to the Johnstone-Bute Plan Area High concentration of eagle nests have also been are areas of seasonal nutrient rich upwelling currents documented in Planning Units 1, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11 and that are generated by wind and tides within narrow 20 (Table 8). In coastal BC, Bald Eagles feed passages and channels. These sites support a diversity primarily on salmon, but waterfowl and small of marine life and provide important feeding habitat mammals are also eaten. Eagles typically nest in large for marine birds. coniferous trees near the shoreline of islands, During spring and fall, estuaries, marshes, mudflats estuaries, rivers, or creeks. and other sheltered waterways provide key resting NMARINE MAMMALS N and feeding habitat for migratory birds (Table 6). The arrival of migratory species often coincides with The Johnstone-Bute Plan Area supports habitat for seasonal biological events such as the Pacific herring migrating and resident marine mammals. This spawning activity. section briefly describes the habitat utilization and The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN 25 COASTAL PLAN ute ove. For For ove. B ) has BB B Deep Warm Deep Warm Inlet e - e n B (all) (adapted from CWS 2003). from (adapted B (17) sto Physeter catodon Physeter B (all) ), which is the smallest of ), which is the smallest hn o Glacial Fjord Moderately B (16, 18) B (17) J B (18) B (18) B (18) B e B (7,9, 14) B (7,9, 14,20) Th B (6,13,14, 20) B (1,3,7,14) B (3,13,14) Balaenoptera acutorostrata Balaenoptera within open waters of Johnstone Straight near Yorke Yorke near Straight waters of Johnstone within open the Plan within occur elsewhere and likely Island Their primary include items prey 9). (Table Area whales are Humpback small schooling fish. krill and a bubble forming by prey to concentrate known air while ascending in a expelling by curtain, created their prey. helical pattern beneath whale the Minke by is also inhabited Area The Plan ( measuring up to 11 Balaenopteridae the Family This typically solitary to is believed species meters. the during the summer months from shift northward the to and southward Seas and Chukchi Bering been have whales Minke winter. equator during the Strait Johnstone observed throughout year-round 9). 4, 7, 9 and 11 (Table Units including Planning other invertebrates whales feed on krill, and Minke schooling fish. listed sperm whale ( The red Their been occasionally observed Area. in the Plan with the to correspond is believed occurrence utilization seasonal concentrations of squid; however documented. is not well Area within the Plan B (all) B (all) B (all) High Current Channels and Inlets B (7, 9,) 14) 7,9,14) B (15) B (8,15) B (20) B (8,15) B (8, 11, B (8, 15) Low Current Low Channels and Inlets B (11) B (7) B (7,13,20) B (7) B (11) B (11) B (11) B (4) B (8,11,15) B (1,3, B (8,11,12,15) B (3, Megaptera Megaptera B (1,5) B (all) Habitat Categories & Associated Planning Units (B=known imortant areas) bird Associated Planning Units (B=known & Habitat Categories B (1,5) B (all) Protected Protected Inlet Shallow 1,5,10 4,8,11,12,15 2,3,7,9,6,13,14,20 16,17,18 19 B (all) B (all) B (all) ) utilizes the Johnstone-Bute Plan Area. Area. Plan the Johnstone-Bute ) utilizes Table 6. Utilization of the Habitat Categories and Planning Units by Marine Birds Marine Birds and Planning Units by Utilization of the Habitat Categories 6. Table Inshore Alcids Inshore Murrea (Murrelet, Guillemots) Birds Shore Sand- (Kingfishers, Kill- Snipe, pipers, Oyster- deer, catchers) of Prey Birds Ospreys, (Eagles, Falcons) Species Planning Unit birds Gull-like (Gulls) Waterfowl Geese, (Swans, Ducks) Birds Wading (Herons) Diving Birds (Cormorants, Grebes) Loons, Spring Summer Fall Winter round Year No data biology of marine mammal species found in the Plan Plan species found in the marine mammal biology of of the utilization 9 summarizes Table Area. Units categories and Planning habitat representative mammal species. marine by Whales whale ( listed Humpback The red novaeangliae members of the Family whales are Humpback maximum to an estimated and grow Balaenopteridae up to 45,000 kg. and weigh length of 19 meters yrs) can potentially give females (9+ mature Sexually birth calf every January to one between two years, gestation period. after a one-year and April to the North whales typically migrate Humpback of the in spring, feeding for the remainder Pacific their fall migration to warmer waters summer before and over calve they where or Mexico of Hawaii in and feed whales travel Humpback winter. from Area waters including the Plan Canadian Pacific population Pacific The North 9). spring to fall (Table species, estimated at 2,000 is classified as a threatened 33% of the world whales and representing been observed whales have population. Humpback Note: this table illustrates general trends by species and variations will occur outside the seasonal timing windows listed ab the seasonal timing windows species and variations will occur outside by this table illustrates general trends Note: to text or maps refer species specific locations within the Planning Units, more 26 Repeated sightings have been reported in areas like Orcas (Orcinus orca) are the largest member of the the lower Yuculta Rapids (Planning Unit 13). Family Delphinidae and a top predator of the coastal Sperm whales are the largest living representative of British Columbia waters. Three genetically distinct the Suborder Odontoceti (toothed whales) and grow ecotypes of Orca have been designated in British to a maximum length of 20 meters. Though they Columbia: the resident, offshore, and transient based occasionally feed on octopus, small squid, skate and on differences in their behavior, ecology, and social fish, medium sized deep-water squid comprise the organization. All three ecotypes have been observed bulk of their diet. at all times of year throughout the Johnstone-Bute Plan Area. Resident Orcas feed primarily on Delphinids schooling fish including salmon, whereas transients Orcas or ‘killer’ whales occur throughout the Plan exploit marine mammals including Pinnipeds and Area. The Eastern North Pacific Northern Resident other whale species. The less understood offshore community occupies the coastal waters of west and Orcas were first catalogued by scientists in 1990 on east Vancouver Island from about mid-island to the continental shelf and have since been observed southeast and the Queen Charlotte Islands. utilizing coastal habitat including the Johnstone-Bute From approximately May to October, the highest Plan Area. The most recent population estimate of concentrations of resident pods are known to off shore Orcas is 230 individuals; however frequent protected inshore waters where they feed insufficient data exists to determine existing trends. primarily on migrating salmon. The northern Current population estimates of the BC resident residents in particular travel throughout the back Orca population including northern and southern waterways of the Plan Area near Stuart Island. residents are 286 individuals, representing a decrease Transients occur along the entire coast of British of 6% since 1994. The northern resident Killer Columbia, but tend to be found in shallow bays and whale is listed as a “threatened” species by the inlets more often than residents. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in

The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The Figure 13. CWS Identified Areas of Notable Use by Marine and Coastal Birds April 2003 COASTAL PLAN The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN

Table 7. Seabird Colonies and Areas of Notable Use by Marine and Coastal Birds

Planning Unit Location Known Season(s) Species Groups Listed Species Figure of Importance (B: Breeding Site) (R: Red/B: Blue) 13 Ref.

1 Port Neville Port Neville Inlet entrance through Spring, Fall Mergansers, Pelagic Pelagic Cormorant (R) 20 to Hanatsa Point Cormorant, Double-crested Double Crested Cormorant, Dabbling Ducks, Cormorant (R) Diving Ducks 1 Port Neville Port Neville Inlet estuary at the Spring Surf Scoter, Long-tailed Duck, Pelagic Cormorant (R) 21 head of the inlet Pelagic Cormorant, Double Crested Double-crested Cormorant Cormorant (R) 3 Yorke Blenkinsop Bay from Point George Spring, Fall Dabbling Ducks, Surf Scoter, Western Grebe (R) 41 around to Tuna Point Long-tailed Duck, Western Surf Scoter (B) Grebe Long-tailed Duck (B) 5 Topaze Harbour Head of Jackson Bay Spring Surf Scoter, Long-tailed Duck, Western Grebe (R) 7 Dabbling Ducks, Surf Scoter (B) Long-tailed Duck (B) 5 Topaze Harbour North Shore of Topaze Harbour Spring, Fall Surf Scoter, Long-tailed Duck, Western Grebe (R) 8 Dabbling Ducks, Loons, Surf Scoter (B) Western Grebe Long-tailed Duck (B) 6 Wellbore Channel Eastern side of Wellbore Channel Fall Marbled Murrelet Marbled Murrelet (R) 27 7 Current-Race Kelsey Bay, Salmon Bay and the Fall, Winter Gulls, Trumpeter Swan Trumpeter Swan (B) 4 mouth of Salmon River 7 Current-Race Goat Island Spring, Summer, Fall Glaucous-winged Gull (B), 46 Pigeon Guillemot (B) 7 Current-Race South side of Johnstone Strait from Spring, Winter Mergansers, Marbled Marbled Murrelet (R) 6 9 South Johnstone Ripple Point to Hkusam Bay Murrelet 8 Chancellor North Shore of Cordero Channel, Fall California Gull, Marbled Marbled Murrelet (R) 28 Channel from north of West Thurlow Island, Murrelet California Gull (B) east to Tallac Bay, includes Cordero Islands 9 South Johnstone Rock Bay to Chatham Point Spring Marbled Murrelet Marbled Murrelet (R) 36 9 South Johnstone Elk Bay from Elk Point to Moriarty Winter Surf Scoter, Long-tailed Duck Surf Scoter (B) 5 Point Long-tailed Duck (B) 10 Philips Arm Head of Phillips Arm Spring,Fall Western Grebe Western Grebe (R) 13 10 Philips Arm Mouth of Shirley Creek in Spring Surf Scoter, Long-tailed Duck Surf Scoter (B) 14 Phillips Arm Long-tailed Duck (B) 11 Nodales Northwest side of Sonora Island, Fall California Gull, Marbled Marbled Murrelet (R) 32 Channel East side of Nodales Channel Murrelet, Common Murre, Common Murre (R) Western Grebe, Loons Western Grebe (R) California Gull (B) 11 Nodales East side of Burgess Passage, south Fall Surf Scoter, Long-tailed Duck Surf Scoter (B) 12 Channel to opening of Chameleon Harbour Long-tailed Duck (B) 12 Frederick - West side of , Fall Western Grebe Western Grebe (R) 15 Estero includes the head 13 Rapids Arran Rapids Fall California Gull California Gull (B) 16 13 Rapids Barber Passage and Big Bay of Fall California Gull California Gull (B) 17 Stuart Island Pelagic Cormorant 13 Rapids Entire East side of Sonora Island Fall Pelagic Cormorant, Double Crested 11 Double-Crested Cormorant, Cormorant California Gull, Marbled Marbled Murrelet Murrelet, Common Murre Common Murre 15 Bute Entrance Southwest side of Stuart Island, from Fall, Winter Diving Ducks, Grebes none 18 15 Bute Entrance Harbott Point to Henrietta Point Fall, Winter Western Grebe, Marbled Western Grebe (R) 19 Northeast side of , Murrelet, Common Murre down to Rendezvous Islands (north) 16 Lower Bute West side of Bute Inlet across from Spring, Fall, Winter Surf Scoter, Long-tailed Duck Surf Scoter (B) 44 Fawn Point Long-tailed Duck (B) 17 Orford Orford Bay and Mouth of Orford Fall, Winter Trumpeter Swan, Western Western Grebe (R) 42 River Grebe Trumpeter Swan (B) 18 Upper Bute Bear Bay of Bute Inlet Fall Marbled Murrelet Marbled Murrelet (R) 2 18 Upper Bute Mouth of Southgate River Spring,Fall,Winter Dabbling Ducks, Surf Scoter, Surf Scoter (B) 43 Long-tailed Duck, Trumpeter Long-tailed Duck (B) Swan Trumpeter Swan (B)

27 COASTAL PLAN

The Johnstone - Bute 28 include seals, sea lionsandotherwhales. inhabitants. Prey speciesofthe transientOrca favoured marine mammalprey speciesare year-round transient Orca populationsinthePlan Area as seasonality isnotafactorin thedistributionof populations. Unlike resident Orcas, foodrelated calving ratesoradultrecruitment from otheroutside exists todetermineifthetrend isattributedto the transientpopulation,however insufficientdata Pacific Biological Station reports a growing trend in Columbia. Whale researcher Graeme Ellis ofthe and rangebetween southeastAlaskaandBritish These transientsare listedasa“threatened” species At present, there are 220cataloguedtransientOrcas. migration ofadultsalmoninsummerandfall. May andOctober, corresponding totheannualreturn trend indistributionthrough thePlan Area between Plan Area. Resident Orcas exhibitastrong seasonal intheJohnstone-Buteindividuals) have beenobserved range between Alaskaandmid-Vancouver Island (205 resident whalepopulationthatoccupyanorthern resident populationis“endangered”. Most ofthe Canada (COSEWIC) whilethestatusofsouthern 18 UpperBute 19 Loughborough Inlet 19 Loughborough Inlet 19 Loughborough Inlet 19 Loughborough Inlet Unit Planning Planning Unit Table 7. (Continued) Table 8. Identified Eagle Nesting Areas 1 5 6 7 10 11 13 14 20 Greene Point Rapids Erasmus Island, Cordero Channel Charles Bay, Hole inthe Wall, BarnesBay andtheUpperRapids Sonora Islandshoreline andGillard Island Lee Islands, Brougham Point andwithin Thurston Bay Shoal Bay andadjacentshores, East Thurlow Island Shores ofHardwicke andHelmcken Islands Forward Harbour Thynne Peninsula, CartererPoint andtheheadof Jackson Bay andsouthshore of Topaze Harbour of Port Neville Inlet At RansomandNeville Point andthroughout entrance Location oainKnown Season(s) Location Loughborough Inlet Mouth ofGray Creek in McBride Bays includes CooperReach, Frazerand Head ofLoughborough Inlet, Loughborough Inlet Lower West sideof Loughborough Inlet Lower Eastsideof West sideof Waddington Harbour Spring, Winter Fall Fall of Importance Fall,Winter Spring available, sealionswillrest togetheringroups atthe or otherexposed sitesnearland.If suchsitesare not areas. Haulout sitesincluderock ledges,rocky islets, Steller’s sealionsgenerallyoccupyrocky coastline sheltered inletsandbays may beusedinthewinter. are favored forsummerhauloutlocationswhile Areas ofhighfeedconcentrationexposedtocurrent Island, Tug BoatPass, Dent Island andMayne Passage. Rapids, Jimmy Judd Island, Sea LionRock, Gillard Vere Cove, Helmcken Island, Walkem Islands, Arran Island, Estero Basin, Hole inthe Wall, Bute Inlet, at highest densitiesobserved Yorke Island, Poyntz the Johnstone-Bute Plan Area year round with Harbour sealsareand crustaceans. known toutilize herring, flounder)aswell asmollusks,squid, octopus, consists mainlyoffish(salmon,rockfish, cod, shores, sandbars. orintertidal The harbourseal’s diet coastal watersandhaul-outtorest onrocks, rocky of bays,harbours,andestuaries. They feedinshallow Harbour sealsare generallyfoundinnearshore areas vitulina) Suborder Pinnipedia includingHarbour seals( The Plan Area habitatformembersofthe supports Pinnipeds fish suchascapelin,anchovies, andherring. to feedonsquid,hake,mackerel, andsmallschooling concentrated by current. Allthree speciesare known occur indeeperstratifiedwaterwhere feedis porpoises andPacific white-sideddolphinstendto waters ofbays,channels,andestuaries,whereas Dall’s porpoises generallyfrequent relatively shallow inshore harbour porpoise( obliquidens Pacific white-sideddolphin ( utilize theJohnstone-Bute Plan Area includethe Other membersoftheFamily Delphinidae that Canada Goose, Dabbling Ducks, California Gull, Trumpeter Swan Marbled Murrelet Marbled Murrelet Dabbling Ducks, Trumpeter Swan, MarbledMurrelet Dabbling Ducks, DivingDucks (B: Breeding Site) Species Groups andSteller’s sealions( ), Dall’s porpoise( Phocoena phocoena (R: Red/B: Blue) Listed Species California Gull(B) Trumpeter Swan(B) Canada Goose(B) Marbled Murrelet (R) Marbled Murrelet (R) Marbled Murrelet (R) Trumpeter Swan(B) none Lagenorhynchus Phocoenoides dalli Eumetopias jubatus ). Harbour ), and Phoca 13 Ref. Figure ). 30 29 10 3 1 29 COASTAL PLAN ute ove. ove. B Deep Warm Deep Warm Inlet e - e n sto hn o MF (3) MF (3) Glacial Fjord Moderately J N e Th OMMUNITY C 2.5. Social and Economic Profile 2.5. N The Plan Area is within the Comox Strathcona Strathcona is within the Comox Area The Plan J is J. Area electoral Area (CSRD), District Regional and includes Area geographically larger than the Plan accounts for a large proportion which Island, Quadra also Area The Plan population. of the electoral area's includes the asserted traditional territories of the Comox, Kwiakah, Tlowitsis, Xwémalhkwu, Klahoose, Nations. First Kum Wai We Kai and Wai We The largest is sparsely settled. Area The Plan is the Area population concentration within the Plan located on of Sayward, Village incorporated BC Localities as defined by Island. Vancouver West include the islands of East and Statistics the Island; and Stuart Neville Port Thurlow, populations of these islands largely vary seasonally. Reserves Nations also a number of First are There most of which do not have Area, within the Plan permanent residents. Census information (i.e. population and other for a geographical demographic data) is not available The closest Area. unit that exactly matches the Plan to two geographic boundaries correspond and the Indian plus Sayward dissemination areas, The 2001 Census for these units totals 518 reserves. for population data, all other Census persons. Except information (e.g. age, income, etc.) for the High Current Inlets Channels and MF (3) (3) MF MF (13) MF (13) MF (4,11) FH (4,12,15) MF (4,11)MF (all) MF (7,9) Low Current Low Inlets Channels and N PECIES S ISTED L MF (1,5)MF (1,5)FH (1,5) MF (all) MF (2.3.6.7.9.14.20) F (all) FH (all) F (all) F F FH (all) FH Habitat Categories & Associated Planning Units Associated & Habitat Categories haul-out sites) H=known grounds; feeding F=known route; migration (M=known 1,5,10 4,8,11,12,15 2,3,7,9,6,13,14,20 16,17,18 19 Protected Protected Inlet Shallow LUE B ED AND R Table 9. Seasonal Utilization of Known Habitat Categories by Marine Mammals Marine by Habitat Categories of Known Utilization Seasonal 9. Table Spring Summer Fall Winter round Year No data Other Delphinids (porpoises & dolphins) MarineMammal Species Planning Unit Sperm whale Humpback whale whale Minke Orcas (Resident & Transient) Pinnipeds (sea lions & seals) N water’s surface, or close to the shore in inlets, in surface, to the shore or close water’s sea lions feed Steller’s channels, or exposed areas. cod, Pacific mainly on fish such as hake, herring, octopus, and and salmon, but squid, rockfish, also eaten. Both harbour seals and crustaceans are up major rivers to travel known northern sea lions are haulout sites fish. Known in pursuit of anadromous Island, Yorke located at sea lions are for Steller’s Walkem Island, Helmcken Cove, Vere Island, Murray Island, Jud Arran Rapids, Jimmy Point, Edith Islands, Passage. and Mayne Inlet Bute Wall, in the Hole A number of locations in the Plan Area provide provide Area A number of locations in the Plan or blue-listed marine birds, habitat for red- and blue-list The red- mammals, and plants. to government the provincial by classification is given to be at risk scientists by considered species that are due to declining populations or habitats as the result those species are of human activities. Red-listed or or threatened, extirpated, endangered, which are species are Blue-listed in danger of becoming so. are especially classed as vulnerable because they are Red to human activities or natural events. sensitive are Area and blue listed marine species in the Plan 10. Table in shown Note: This table illustrates general trends by species and variations will occur outside the seasonal timing windows listed ab listed and variations will occur outside the seasonal timing windows species by This table illustrates general trends Note: For more species specific locations within the Planning Units, refer to text or maps refer species specific locations within the Planning Units, more For 39 COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute - Johnstone The 3.2. Planning Units and Unit Data Units and Unit Data Planning 3.2. has been divided into Plan this by covered The area precise permit a more to Units smaller Planning and interactions occurring in examination on uses are boundaries Unit The Planning Area. the Plan Ecological BC Marine largely based on the with some modification to Classifications (BCMEC) biological human use patterns and specific reflect presents 3.12 of this Plan Section features. for descriptions, and management recommendations a Unit, each Planning each of these units. For of resource description and map is provided uses, non-tenured attributes, existing tenured resource activities, status of adjacent upland, and the 15 provides capabilities for selected uses. Figure maps. Although some Unit legend for Planning of the objective shown, are upland features is simply to provide and uses identifying these values The detailed sense of existing conditions. a more uses for these upland areas. does not prescribe Plan data descriptions and attributes reflect Unit Planning databases and government two sources: drawn from databases government Established local knowledge. Such of most of the data in this Plan. the source are to according data has been collected and assembled the Province’s methods determined by standardized This Committee. Inventory Standards Resource the quality and consistency helps to ensure approach of that data. An equally important of data is local source stakeholder consultation gained through knowledge often provides Local knowledge for this Plan. however, insight into particular of an area; attributes and validated because this data is not gathered it data inventory standards, to provincial according be added to established government cannot readily 3.12 unit attributes in Section databases. Planning identified with are based on local knowledge that are data is useful andWhile this an asterisk “*”. cautioned are important users of this Plan to the Plan, of this Users that this data has not been validated. data that local knowledge should also recognize Plan databases. in government may not be present IRECTION D RAMEWORK AND 3.1. Use of the Plan Use 3.1. is designed to Plan Coastal The Johnstone-Bute applicants, First land tenure assist prospective and other LWBC local government, Nations, with applications for agencies in dealing government and nearshore foreshore Crown the use of provincial to a useful tool may also provide The Plan tenures. of community and First assist in the marketing opportunities. development economic Nation local Nations, should benefit First of the Plan Use agencies and other government LWBC government, land or filtering out potential Crown screening by suitability limited applications which may have work this way, In within a specific geographic area. can be loads of these agencies and organizations of and level in both volume expected to be lowered complication or controversy. with the has been developed Although the Plan of District assistance and support of the Regional is not intended to the Plan Strathcona, Comox to local government. the need for referrals replace to replace is not intended the Plan Similarly, or to absolve or federal agency referrals provincial its legal obligations to consult addressing from LWBC applications. on land tenure Nations with First of other compelling constraints the exception With applications for application requirements, or LWBC should be consistent with the Plan uses that are is not The Plan LWBC. by accepted and evaluated operational or production intended to address associated with finfish, shellfish or requirements These aspects of marine plant aquaculture. management in aquaculture addressed are aquaculture tenures. plans associated with aquaculture oil and gas resources of offshore development Future This the Plan. in developing was not considered will not affect or and its recommendations Plan oil and gas development, any offshore prejudice oil and for offshore including any land requirements gas activities. F * denotes local knowledge 40 3.3. Defining Areas of Ecological NRare/Unique Habitat for Rare Species - habitat Significance utilized by species with limited ranges or habitat found in only a few locations (e.g. native bivalve The Areas of Ecological Significance (AES) designation beds, rocky reefs) is used to identify areas where existing conditions support complexities of biological values, ecological NSignificant Species or Species of Concern (e.g. structures and/or processes, known habitat of species at Pacific salmon, herring, killer whales, abalone, risk, or other areas of high ecological value and seaotters, nearshore rockfish) sensitivity where the full range of values are not Other second order criteria being explored to define identified and addressed through existing siting criteria. further AES and include areas of naturalness/integrity, From a development perspective, applications for habitat necessary for dependency/survival, fragile/ tenure in these areas will be subjected to higher levels sensitive areas, and areas that are representative of of scrutiny in the course of federal agency referrals. biogeoclimatic zones. Overtime, DFO will further With respect to the tenure application referral develop criteria to identify AES within coastal process, this heightened level of scrutiny has the planning areas in order to manage development in a potential to result in greater expenses associated with manner that will sustain valuable ecological attributes. site specific inventories and surveys, onsite mitigation In addition to AES, which often contribute to broad measures, construction timing constraints and scale ecological structures and/or processes, there are generally lower likelihoods of DFO authorization for specific features that are acknowledged as sensitive habitat alteration, disturbance or destruction habitat. Development proposals for any of these (HADD) and ultimately, tenure approval. areas are governed by established provincial siting Consequently, proponents should carefully consider criteria and/or will be subject to greater scrutiny by the need to make applications in such areas if reviewing agencies during the approval process. As a opportunities exist elsewhere. matter of policy, where site specific investigations AES information is provided for each Planning Unit determine that these habitat types are present, DFO as a descriptive narrative that outlines ecological will not consider an authorization for the harmful attributes in relation to ecological processes and alteration, disruption or damage (HADD) of these structure. To date, the following valued ecological fish habitats, until and unless all other preferred attributes are being used as criteria to identify Areas alternatives (e.g. project relocation, project redesign of Ecological Significance. and full mitigation) have been explored and determined to not be feasible. In cases where a NBiological Productivity - areas of high net export HADD must be authorized, habitat compensation of productivity and processes (estuaries, (in the form of new habitat or enhanced habitat) will saltmarshes, areas of upwelling, highly complex be required from the proponent in order to offset any benthic areas, rocky reefs, kelp forests, eelgrass) losses in productive capacity associated with the NBiodiversity - areas critical in promoting genetic, HADD. There is often a greater than 1:1 ratio of species and ecosystem/habitat diversity (e.g. lost habitat to compensatory habitat required as estuaries, rocky reefs, kelp forests) there is typically a lag time before “new” habitats are NReproductive Habitat - breeding, spawning and fully functioning and there is also a risk of nesting areas (e.g. salmon streams, eelgrass beds, compensatory failure. forage fish spawning beaches) Proponents are consequently strongly cautioned with NBottleneck/Seasonally Critical Habitat - areas regard to proposals that may overlap such areas. where a particular species or groups of species Sensitive habitats include, but are not limited to: concentrate (e.g. holding areas; marine mammal Nestuaries calving areas, rubbing beaches, etc.) and/or are Nsalmon streams dependant upon seasonally (e.g. overwintering) Neelgrass beds sites, rearing areas and migration routes Nkelp forests NEndangered/Threatened Species Habitat - species Nnative bivalve beds listed under the Species at Risk Act Nherring spawning areas Nforage fish spawning beaches The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The Nmudflats COASTAL PLAN * denotes local knowledge The Johnstone - Bute COASTAL PLAN

Nsaltmarshes are addressed by this Plan. Activities are Nmarine mammal haulouts, calving areas, undertakings that are not subject to provincial rubbing beaches tenure. Table 16 presents a generalized list of Ncritical habitats for SARA species activities known or anticipated to occur in the Plan Note: This list of high value habitats is not Area. This Plan makes recommendations regarding comprehensive and only includes some examples of uses, but not activities. Activities are listed in this sensitive habitats. Plan to ensure that the range of uses and activities are considered when management decisions are made. 3.4. Uses and Activities 3.5. Determination of Use Acceptability This Plan addresses a range of uses and activities that occur in foreshore and nearshore areas. It applies The determination of acceptable uses is based on specialized definitions of the terms use and activity. decision rules that consider existing use Use refers to undertakings that are subject to commitments, compatibility, and agency siting and provisions of the provincial Land Act requiring that best management practices. A list of basic decision they be tenured. Table 16 lists and describes uses that rules and other decision assistance tools are provided

Table 16.Foreshore and Nearshore Uses

Use Description

Shellfish Beach Aquaculture The commercial seeding, growing and harvesting of marine molluscs, shellfish or other invertebrates in a natural or manufactured environment conducted within the intertidal zone Shellfish Deepwater Aquaculture The commercial seeding, growing and harvesting of marine molluscs, shellfish or other invertebrates below the low tide mark using suspended trays, lines or other structures anchored to the seabed, including sub-tidal aquaculture Finfish Aquaculture Growing of salmon and other species (fish of the classes Agnatha, Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) in deep water net cages or other containment structures, anchored to the seabed or foreshore Marine Plant Aquaculture The commercial growing and harvesting of marine plants in a natural or manufactured environment. Float Homes Structures used as single family dwellings on a seasonal or continuous basis. Includes physical structure, improvements including permanent private ways, boat house and walkway ramp or other pedestrian linkage to upland Floating Lodges/Camps Continuous or seasonal occupation of foreshore areas for boat haul out, camping and related activities and access to camping on adjacent upland Continuous seasonal moorage of floating camps or mother-ships camps or structures on pilings or floats, including docks associated with floating lodges and base camps Commercial Recreation Guiding Extensive commercial recreation guiding operations, including kayaking, diving, wildlife viewing and other eco-tourism Category is limited to seasonal occupation of areas across a guiding region Minor modifications are acceptable on a seasonal basis provided they serve to contain or reduce overall impact of activities (example: toilet facilities, fire pits, etc) Log Booming and Handling Designed to permit transfer of logs to and from the marine environment to facilitate sorting, transportation and processing. Includes physical structures such as pilings and anchor devices. May involve modifications of intertidal area to support related activities. Structure may be based upon fill and include permanent ways or ramps Includes floating forestry camps and related facilities and infrastructure Helicopter Log Drops Permits the safe transfer of logs to the marine environment from the air Minimum depth is primary siting consideration Boat Launches Ramp or rail system (way) used to deliver boats to and from the water Includes fill based ramps, rail ways Private Residential Moorage Year round facility comprised of a single floating dock, wharf or pier (including walkway ramp) or combination thereof, used for moorage by a number of individuals or a family unit solely for private use. Not normally removed in its entirety on a seasonal basis. Structure limited to floating and pile based designs. Private moorage is permitted where associated with private land or Crown leases on upland Commercial and Industrial Docks Docks, wharves, piers, breakwaters and related structures associated with commercial or industrial activities such as marinas, boat houses, restaurants, as well as facilities such as fish processing plants and access Structure may involve filling of the foreshore or pile and float based designs Public and Institutional Docks Docks, wharves, piers, breakwaters that provide specifically for non-commercial public and institutional moorage, access and use (i.e. access to recreation, parks, communities) Marine Telecommunications Underwater hydro, telephone, utility right of way, floating and foreshore wave energy generating facilities and Utilities Conservation/Recreation Use for conservation of cultural and recreational resources, marine ecosystem or fish habitat; includes areas required for scientific and research purposes. 41 Includes existing regional and local parks, Land Act reserves or notations of interest for conservation and recreation; and existing provincial parks, ecological reserves, conservation or protection areas. 42 Resources and Capability Suitability Acceptability Feasibility Application and Values Determine likelihood Refine capability Determine overall Proponent, Referral Process Map and identify of biological and with siting guidelines, support for uses private sector Proposal reviewed by existing resource physical resource compatibility charts, based on preferences investigates site, federal & provincial values, attributes, base to sustain a impact assessments, of local community, business case, agencies, local existing uses and given use. Use and public local government, profitability, etc. government and First activities using existing capability preference to First Nations and Nations at the site existing information mapping where confirm uses. government agencies. specific level in bases and local available accordance with knowledge. legislation, policy, etc. Figure 17. Conceptual Diagram of Acceptabliity Determination. Note that Plan direction ends at the Acceptability stage – Feasibility and Application and Referral Process are the responsibilities of proponents and designated agencies.

in Appendix 5. This initial determination was Application and Tenure approval and Management refined to reflect review and discussion with the Guidelines may include broad direction for all uses public, local advisory committee members, local including those recommended as Accceptable, government, First Nations and stakeholder groups. particularly where development should be excluded The process is identified conceptually in Figure 14. from, or should be managed with consideration for, identified areas of sensitive habitat. 3.6. Planning Unit Direction A required action section will identify tasks for The degree of acceptability of uses that may be follow-up and implementation including general tenured by Land and Water British Columbia tasks/concepts identified during discussion with the (LWBC) is determined using the three level code of Plan Advisory Committee that require further work. Table 18. Ongoing activities (not under provincial Based on these factors, each Planning Unit has been jurisdiction) are also identified. The determination assigned to one of four “management emphasis” of acceptable uses was developed by considering categories Table 19. Emphasis categories are not existing use commitments, decision assistance tools, intended as conventional land use designation or such as compatibility guides, provincial agency siting zoning categories, which prescribe the same criteria and best management practices (Appendix 3 ) recommended uses and activities for all units with and local knowledge, information and advice from the same management designation. Instead each the public, First Nations, local government, and category represents a characteristic “flavour” of interest groups. existing uses, level of development, and values or For each unit “Conditions for Acceptance of Tenure opportunities rather than indicating a specific suite of Application” and “Tenure Approval and Management zoning-based direction as has been developed in Guidelines” serve to refine acceptability terrestrial management plans. Further, consistent recommendations to the specific conditions within with use recommendations, management emphasis each Planning Unit including the area where an does not eliminate the opportunity for specific uses; acceptable use may proceed or the conditions that a rather it provides additional guidance on how an proponent for a “conditionally acceptable use” must acceptable use should be developed in a given area. address. Note that Conditions for Tenure

Table 17. Foreshore and Nearshore Activities

Activity Category Description

First Nations Use Traditional and existing uses including sustenance, spiritual, ceremonial, heritage sites & routes NOTE:The Plan recommendations on acceptability of a tenure application do not alter or remove provincial agency obligations for First Nations consultation if specific development applications are accepted for processing Commercial Fisheries Fishing by vessel using a variety of gear-types in accordance with federal regulations, licences and openings. Includes commercial clam and shellfish harvesting, and commercial crab, prawn and shrimp harvesting under licence Public Recreation Wildlife viewing (non-licensed); swimming; kayak staging & landing areas; surfing; scuba diving; birding; sport fishing angling; fly-fishing; public harvesting of shellfish; Power boat, sailboat, canoe and kayak routes Marine Transportation Tow, barge, freighter, ferry, and routes The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN * denotes local knowledge The Johnstone - Bute COASTAL PLAN

Table 18. Code for Acceptable Uses and Activities

 Acceptable. The use is considered appropriate. Applications for this use should be accepted for processing and evaluation. Acceptance of an application does not guarantee that a tenure will be approved by LWBC or meet local and federal government requirements O Conditionally Acceptable. The use is considered conditionally acceptable. New applications for this use should be accepted for processing and evaluation only if they meet the terms of relevant Conditions for Acceptance of Tenure Application in the Plan. X Not Acceptable. The use is considered inappropriate. Applications for this use should not be accepted for processing and evaluation. P The non-tenured activity is present and ongoing in the Planning Unit A The non-tenured activity is absent from the Planning Unit The Plan provides a variation process for uses marked as X or O under certain circumstances and conditions.

Table 19. Management Emphasis Categories Conservation Emphasis s5NITSPRedominated by or adjacent to significant marine ecological or cultural features and values, including existing terrestrial or marine protected areas (or proposed areas) and areas withdrawn or reserved from disposition for conservation values. sActivities and tenured uses should be compatible with and sensitive to conservation values in the unit or on adjacent upland. s0Referred future uses are those that would be compatible with the conservation and cultural values and features on which the unit emphasis is based. s-ANAGEMENTMECHANISMSAPPLIEDINTHESEUNITSINCLUDE compatible or complementary uses only; special management and siting criteria; further investigation for marine protection designation; and reserves or notations of interest to ensure tenure applications are compatible with values.

Recreation Emphasis

s5NITSPRedominated by public and commercial recreational activities, significant features and opportunities, including areas withdrawn or reserved from disposition for recreation values. Often adjacent to significant terrestrial or marine protection areas (or proposed areas) with high recreation values. s2ECReational values, opportunities and experiences should be maintained and/or encouraged. s/THERACTIVITIESANDTENURed used should be sensitive to recreational values and experiences, particularly in key seasons or periods. s0Referred future uses are those that would be compatible with the recreation values and features on which the unit emphasis is based. sManagement mechanisms applied in these units include: compatible or complementary uses only; special management provisions and codes of practice to minimize impact or conflict during recreational seasons; and reserves or notations of interest to ensure tenure applications are compatible with values.

Community Emphasis

s5NITSPRedominated by public and commercial recreational activities, significant features and opportunities, including areas withdrawn or s5NITSPRedominated by a concentration of multiple uses and activities that are associated with adjacent floating or upland settlement. Typically includes combinations of commercial, industrial, community and public institutional uses, private moorage and rural development. sA variety of uses is maintained and/or encouraged in these areas, and most uses should be compatible. s.ON COMMERcial activities and tenured uses should be undertaken with the expectation that they will not interfere with or impede existing uses and activities. s-ANAGEMENTMECHANISMSAPPLIEDINTHESEUNITSINCLUDE special management provisions and codes of practice to minimize conflict; reserving of specific opportunity areas for future tenure; and provisions to minimize impact of development or preclude development in specific areas. General Marine Emphasis

s5NITSCHARACTERIZEDBYRelatively remote locations with limited uses and / or development potential, with ongoing marine transportation and navigation activities and commercial and recreational fishery activities. s5NITSINCLUDESPORADICANDDISCRete provincially tenured uses such as log handling facilities. s0Referred uses are those that would be compatible with ongoing activities and existing uses. s-ANAGEMENTMECHANISMSAPPLIEDINTHESEUNITSINCLUDE special management provisions to maintain fisheries access and navigation requirements; use of standard codes of practice and tenure provisions; and provisions to minimize impact of development or preclude development in specific areas.

Final unit recommendations reflect review and compatibility and siting assessments (Appendix 6) discussion with the public, interest groups; local that are designed to provide proponents where government, government agencies and First Nations habitat values within the Johnstone-Bute Plan Area (see Appendix 2). are most likely to exist. However a Plan such as this may not capture all habitats present or predict all the 3.7. Site Specific Considerations for variables that may possibly impact them. Therefore it Tenure Applications may be necessary to review project applications on a site level basis in order to ensure the habitat The Johnstone-Bute Coastal Plan contains a protection objectives are met. For additional 43 considerable amount of information, including information on this topic please refer to Appendix 6. COASTAL PLAN

The Johnstone - Bute 44 areas ofPoor Capability thatare notconstrainedby government sitingcriteria. The OA2 ratingsrepresent Medium andwhichare notconstrained by current Areas identifiedasOA1 were definedasGood to Areas:identified asOpportunity OA1 and OA2. siting criteria.Based onthiswork, areas were then more recent informationandcurrent salmonfarming MAFF were modifiedby government staffbasedon Biophysical capabilitystudies conducted in1987by an overlay analysisofvarious informationsources. Finfish Aquaculture areas Opportunity are basedon N Opportunity 3.8. Aquaculture Assessment/ N conduct feasibilitystudies. culture,support thereby helpingtofocuswhere to capability studieshelptodeterminesitesthatwill realize site. ashellfishfarmatparticular The licence applicationandreferral to are stillnecessary capability andfeasibilitystudiesaswell astenure and will beagoodplacetoculture shellfish.Site specific cannot beusedtodeterminewhetheraspecificsite atthisbroad scale Capability assessmentsperformed have beencompletedandmappedonabroad scale. This planmakesuseofcapabilityassessmentsthat existing andpotentialresource uses. economic andcompatibilityfactorsrelated toother This involves consideringcapabilityalongwithsocio- and factorincriteriatodeterminesocialacceptability. site-specific orbroader landuseplanningprocesses “suitability” analyseswhichare conductedduring Capability isdifferent from “opportunity” or determine thepotentialofanarea culture. tosupport site-specific feasibilitystudiesoratabroader scaleto along witharatingschemethatcanbeusedduring culture capabilityisbasedonfielddatacollection clams, Pacific oysters andJapanese scallops. Shellfish theculturethe environment tosupport ofManila whichaffecttheabilityof and oceanographicsurveys, temperature andexposure measured duringbeach environmental parameters,includingsalinity, The “capability” ofanarea refers strictlyto14 Plan Area. coastal BC,includingtheJohnstone-Bute Coastal assessments forshellfishaquaculture inmostareas of MAFF hasconductedbiophysicalcapability F S HELLFISH INFISH A QUACULTURE C APABILITY N O PPORTUNITY N capability informationfortheproposed area ofuse. may stillberequired tocollectadditionalbiophysical surrogate forkelpaquaculture capability. Applicants aquaculture capabilityisusedinthisPlan asa requirements between scallopsandkelp, scallop through DFO.Based onsimilarbiophysical well foruseintheSpawn onKelp fishery, managed as ofkelpforspecialtyfoodsandfertilizer harvest The province issueslicencesforthecommercial culture are madeforeachunit. recommendations forcommercial marineplant recognized and asanemergingaquaculture industry ofmarineplantsis The commercial harvest http://srmwww.gov.bc.ca/dss/projects/sarp/index.htm StudiesOpportunity pleasesee: including DFO.For detailsonAquaculture further government, provincial andfederalagencies, approvalsand toobtainnecessary from local specific feasibilitystudiesforanytenure application It isstillincumbentoncompaniestoconductsite identified asOA1. some areas maybeofpoorcapabilitydespitebeing exist inareas generallyclassifiedaslimited;conversely cananddo high potentiallocalized opportunities used onlyasageneralindicationofcapability. Some should therefore beconsidered recommendations and these generalratings. AreasThe Opportunity 1&2 each ‘opportunity area” thatare inconsistentwith and consequently, there maybespecificareas within generalized toabroad level 1:125,000mappingscale Data usedforthe1987biophysicalstudieswere capability assessmentisrecorded asNo Information. underlying dataavailability. In suchsituations, available forsomeareas, duetolimitations ofthe government sitingcritieria.Assessmentsare not regarding thepresence orabsence ofsimilar and theGovernment ofCanadatakenoposition Johnstone-Bute CoastalPlan. Further, theProvince withinthecontext ofthe any positionontheseviews the Province northeGovernment ofCanadatakes the area traditionalterritory. ofitsasserted Neither itsownundertaking landuseplanninginitiative for The XwémalhkwuFirst Nation iscurrently Marine Planning 3.9. Xwémalhkwu Coastaland N M ARINE P LANTS N * denoteslocal knowledge The Johnstone - Bute COASTAL PLAN recommendations from other First Nations with 3.11. Navigable Waters asserted traditional territory in the Johnstone-Bute Transport Canada ensures the protection of the Coastal Plan Area. public right to navigation and the protection of the At the time of plan development, the Xwémalkhu environment any body of water capable of being input was limited to the identification of specific navigated by floating vessels of any description for areas of interest. These Xwémalkhu First Nation area the purpose of transportation, commerce or designations include: recreation through the administration of the NRockfish and Lingcod Conservation Areas Navigable Waters Protection Act (NWPA). This Act NKrill Conservation Areas addresses navigation on both inland and coastal NSalmon Enhancement and Protection Zones waters. As a consequence, any application for tenure that has the potential to impact navigation is subject NHeritage Protection Sites and Zones to review and assessment. NBlack and Grizzly Bear Conservation Areas Navigational routes identified on the Planning Unit Traditional use information included in this maps are intended to highlight areas of the Johnstone document is subject to ongoing refinement and – Bute Plan Area that are commonly used for review by the Xwémalhkwu First Nation. Traditional navigation purposes and thus are areas in which Use Study information depicted on unit maps has tenures would be at high risk for conflict with been augmented by additional written submissions. NWPA requirements. The information presented on Refer to unit descriptions and the Xwémalhkwu the map was collected as part of the Coastal Resource submission (Appendix 3) for more information. Inventory Study (CRIS 1987); this was then This information is included in the Johnstone-Bute supplemented with local knowledge collected by the Coastal Plan in order to provide additional DFO Fisheries Guardian for the area. information to referral agencies and to stakeholders concerning the perspective of the Xwémalhkwu First Applying for tenure in areas of the Johnstone – Bute Nation towards land use development. For plan that are not currently identified as having a additional information, parties are encouraged to significant impact on navigation does not necessarily contact the Xwémalkhu First Nation directly (see guarantee federal approval. These routes are included Section 5 for Contact Information). for illustrative purposes and do not supercede Transport Canada’s responsibilities for enforcing the 3.10. Upland Owner Riparian Rights NWPA. Transport Canada retains the right to assess all applications on a site-to-site basis and require In British Columbia, the foreshore is held by the mitigation when deemed necessary. Crown rather than the owner of the adjacent upland property, except in isolated cases of historic Crown Navigation routes depicted on the maps include Grants. Nevertheless, the upland owner has legal routes used for primary and secondary shipping, as rights that may preclude the issuance of a foreshore well as log towing. These routes are not necessarily or nearshore tenure. The most significant of these is drawn to scale; the width and position of route will the right of riparian access. In practical terms, any vary according to ship type, weather and other improvement on or adjacent to the foreshore that navigation concerns. The routes themselves are obstructs the upland owner’s access from any point divided into two categories: along the foreshore of the property to deep water for NAssessment Area 1 ( ) – This buffer is the purpose of navigation interferes with the owner's immediately adjacent and parallel to the shipping riparian rights. In such circumstances, the province route. Applications for tenure in this area are requires that the applicant obtain written consent unlikely to receive approval from the Coast Guard. from any adjacent upland owner whose riparian rights NAssessment Area 2 ( ) – This buffer extends may be affected by the proposal. LWBC requires beyond Assessment Area 1 and reflects the realistic applicants to notify by letter all adjacent landowners variation of routes according to size and type of and tenure holders of the site proposal. Nearby ship, weather, etc. In areas where log tow landowners may provide comments on the proposal operations are known to be affected by prevailing to the applicant, the local government or to LWBC. 45 conditions, the buffer has been expanded to reflect

* denotes local knowledge 46 those areas at risk of contact with swinging log booms being towed in the shipping route. Applications for tenure that include portions of these areas will be subject to further assessment as required by NWPA but may receive federal approval pending the feasibility of effective mitigation measures being developed. Areas outside these buffers have a lower potential for conflict with marine navigation, and will be assessed on a site specific basis. Mitigation measures may still be required. For more information on the Navigable Waters Protection Program, refer to http://www.tc.gc. ca/marinesafety/Ships-and-operations-standards/nwp/ menu.htm The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN * denotes local knowledge 137 COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute - Johnstone The It is not possible to estimate the actual range and is not possible to It new (and therefore number of new tenures use tenured impacts) that might be issued for each changing market due to with or without the Plan, etc. of financing availability forces, The technical siting and compatibility criteria were and compatibility criteria were The technical siting and licensing agencies review various by developed reduce on the understanding that their use would that areas recommends if the Plan Therefore, risk. acceptable for would be acceptable or conditionally the criteria, the risk application that satisfy tenure to be low can be considered provisions of the Plan Eight VEC’s were used in this analysis for the were VEC’s Eight biological Each are Coastal Plan. Johnstone-Bute to be important components of the considered values beds, salmon marine ecosystem (clam beds, eelgrass eagle nests, estuaries kelp beds, CWS areas, streams, included in are and pinniped haulouts). Each of these criteria for the technical siting and compatibility applications of site-specific tenure agency reviews by information provided most areas, 5). In (Appendix data sets has been supplemented BC Government knowledge. Nations with local and First VECs and mitigation factors, each addition to the In by been categorized have Units of the 20 Planning Emphasis The Management Emphasis. Management category rather outcome of the planning process is an designation, with the intent of than a zoning management of the for the future a ‘theme’ providing (i.e. a conservation that area emphasis recommends the unit be managed primarily for conservation while a general marine emphasis would be values types). range of tenure a broader likely to have more four primary are there the Plan Throughout management emphasis categories and two formed through combination emphasis groupings discussions with the public advisory committee. N N values to the various tenured activities. tenured to the various values was used to approach a qualitative Consequently, of the 20 Planning within each VEC’s the summarize management along with the mitigative Units of the Plan. conditions and requirements was based on the following This approach assumptions: N N SSESSMENT SSESSMENT A A ETHODOLOGY ISK M R LAN Most human activities have the potential to both the potential human activities have Most affect the environment. negatively and positively as activities, such the risk of tenured Understanding critical in deciding is in this Plan, those addressed to manage, each activity. or how whether to allow, both the evaluating Risk is normally assessed by duration) of and significance (extent, severity of their effects and the probability negative An ideal risk assessment would involve occurrence. and significance analysis of the probability components of risk using a detailed mathematical a from analysis of ecosystem interactions anticipated cases, such as in most However, activity. proposed necessary data the extensive this Plan, this kind of for not available. analysis were has been this Plan the scale at which Additionally, is not fine enough to guarantee that a level prepared be automatically could of risk defined in the Plan Site level. applied at the site specific application to determine the still required specific assessments are application. tenure of risk associated with each level and Compatibility Siting Technical A number of referral various used by are Uses Tenured for Criteria coastal developments risk from agencies to reduce 5 for detailed description of these Appendix (See accepts these as mechanisms to The Plan criteria). risk of Plan the environmental further reduce application stage, at the site-specific tenure provisions Valued of the an evaluation This section provides Components (VECs)Environmental within each of to the compared Units 20 Planning the Plan’s the through prescribed measures mitigative of Conditions for the Acceptance Management and Approval Tenure the Applications, Tenure items Action and Required Guidelines Management the environmental designed to minimize which are development. tenured future risk from N 4.1. Environmental Components Components Environmental 4.1. Measures and Mitigation N P In the absence of sufficient data it is not feasible to In and significance assign mathematical probability COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 138 accounts for6%ofthetotal Plan Area. due toitslocationontheJohnstone Strait. This unit experiences alargeamountofcommercial activity Race, containsthecommunityofSayward and Planning Unit designatedassuch,unit7Current- possess awiderrangeoftenured activities. The one The Community/General emphasisissimilar yet may adjacent uplandsettlementareas. these usesandactivitieswhenassociatedwith infrastructure, andpromotes thecontinuationof multiple usesconsistentwithcommunity the Plan Area, commonlycontainsagreater variety of The Communityemphasis,accountingfor7%of values ofwhichtheydepend. conservation values maycentre biologicaland oncertain andmanagementofexistingrecreationpreservation consists of12%thePlan, reflects areas where the The Conservation/Recreation designation,which oftheunit. sensitive portions tomitigaterisksmorerecommendations serve programs whilespecificmanagement are typicallyavailable toawiderangeoftenure predominates theentire unit.General Marine units from biologicaltocommunity, noneofwhich diversity orPlanning Units witharangeofvalues Emphasis unitsincludeareas oflower biological in potentialenvironmental impact.General Marine a greater variety ofpotentialuses,andtherefore varies of thetotalPlan Area isdesignated,tendstoinclude The General Marine emphasisunits,ofwhich16% management recommendations. areopportunities relatively limitedorguidedby and foreshore ecologicalvalues whiletenure predominated by oradjacenttosignificant marine consideration forenvironmental attributesastheyare the totalPlan Area, tendtoreflect greater emphasisunits,accountingfor21%of Conservation the recreation experience. attributes whichcontributetotheoverall qualityof biological ofimportant conservation tend tosupport favoured forcommercial andpersonalrecreation and Areas withthisdesignationare oftenadjacenttoareas Plan Area duetothepredominance ofBute Inlet. ofunits,occupies36%thetotal largest portion The Recreation Emphasis, whichconsistsofthe N Management Guidelines andRequired Action items Tenure Applications, the Tenure Approval and The Management ConditionsfortheAcceptance of M ITIGATIVE F ACTORS N requirements. by thesite-specificsitingandcompatibility that overlap sensitive areas, anyriskwouldbereduced some casesapplicationsmaybemadeforoperations development. It isalsoexpectedthatalthough in to beareas oflow environmental riskfor Areas biologicalresources withfew canbeconsidered the technicalsitingandcompatibilitycriteria). applications beingapproved (i.e.are likelytomeet development accordingly toincrease thelikelihood of environmental resources are, andtherefore guide can determinefrom Plan mapswhere thesensitive An additionalbenefitofthePlan isthatproponents Johnstone-Bute Coastal Plan Area. environmental tenures risksassociatedwithnew inthe cumulatively shouldhelpoffsetanyunforeseen therefore result inadditionalprotection ofvalues that and recreational value. may These opportunities discreteto protect areas orconserve ofhighbiological implementation, wouldprovide opportunities further assessmentsduringPlan indicated by conservation notations ofinterest andprotected areas, where marine protection. This meansthat assessmentforpossible some areas forconservation in all20Planning Units aswell asrecommending The Plan identifies“conservation” usesasacceptable from proposed developments. avoid impactstospecificmarinebiologicalattributes mitigateor compatibility assessmentswillfurther government agencytechnicalcriteriaforsitingand addition, thesite-specificscaleofmany overall environmentaltenured risksofnew uses.In Plan Area. These restrictions helptoreduce the have beenappliedtoeachoftheunitswithin assessments in thisPlan may cumulatively offset or for“conservation”opportunity usesandconservation Guidelines andRequired Action itemsaswell asthe Applications, the Tenure Approval andManagement Conditions fortheAcceptance of Tenure However, themitigative effectsoftheManagement difficult toquantifythepossibleeffectsofPlan. due totherecommendations ofthePlan makesit tenuresrange andnumberofnew thatwouldoccur The lackofdataandinabilitytoestimatetheactual cannot reduce environmental riskfrom current levels. future problems andconflicts.Consequently, it lookingexerciseforward primarilyintendedtoreduce The Plan recognizes andacceptsexistinguses,butisa N A SSESSMENT S UMMARY N Land Act reserves, reserves, 139 COASTAL PLAN

N

In certain Planning Units, certain Units, Planning In designated existing uses are as acceptable only at current in Applications levels. of prior to approval process intended to are this Plan the normal through proceed process, interagency referral which would consider existing siting policies and the guidelines in the Coastal Johnstone-Bute locations Alternative Plan. cost and may have implications for profitability uses planned and proposed indirect which can have provincial employment, and community revenue These impacts are impacts. not quantified due to their and a lack uncertain nature data. available of readily Coastal The Johnstone-Bute will primarily affect Plan uses and related future economic development. estimates of Quantitative

(1)

General Marine General Community/ 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1

SSESSMENT A (3) Recreation

The Johnstone - Bute - Johnstone The

Conservation/ 4 4 1 3 3 3 3 0 3 3 7 3 4 3 2 3 ENERAL (5) Recreation 7 5 2 4 2 1 4 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 5 G

The Johnstone-Bute Coastal Plan designates uses as Plan Coastal The Johnstone-Bute if they are levels at current acceptable or acceptable The Plan Unit. Planning a given in tenured already and supports existing activities that also recognizes (e.g. the Province nor managed by neither tenured are to occur. known they are activities) where recreation affirms all existing uses and the Plan Therefore, and along with them Area, activities within the Plan economic benefits. and projected any current uses, such as the economic benefits of these However, not attributed are moorage, log handling and private accounts. to the Plan’s N Straits Plan, and will therefore rely largely on largely rely and will therefore Plan, Straits assessment. qualitative a list presented Coastal Plan Straits Island The North effect economic uses and their anticipated of coastal to be used readily this data cannot While 21). (Table effects of the Johnstone-Bute quantify the economic of does illustrate the economic effect it Coastal Plan, the Plan. contemplated by uses the various General (4) General

6 1 1 4 3 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 4 2 1 13 (4)

Management Emphasis Management

Conservation 5 8 1 3 2 2 2 0 2 1 9 3 2 4 1 1 Community (3) Community 8 1 1 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 3 2 3 2 4 11 N ETHODOLOGY M Table 20. Distribution of 20. Table BiologicalKey Atributes Emphasis Category Management by Key BiologicalKey Attributes Invertebrates Benthic Habitats Birds Sea Lions Threatened/Endangered Species Threatened/Endangered Red listed species (# of species present) Blue listed species (# of species present) Fish Herring spawn (# of units present) Herring spawn Salmon migration (# of units present) (# streams) Salmon streams (# of units present) Areas Salmon Holding values (# of units present) Groundfish Estuary (# of units present) Wetlands Eelgrass beds (# of units present) beds (# of units present) Kelp Sea Lion haul outs (# of haul-outs) CWS area of interest (# of units present) of interest CWS area Eagles (# of units present) Intertidal clams (# of units present) (# of units present) values Prawn Sea cucumber (# of units present) N reduce environmental risks over the Plan Area when Area the Plan risks over environmental reduce of such a Plan. against the absence compared Implications Economic 4.2. of Recommendations The North Island Straits Coastal Plan, completed in Coastal Plan, Straits Island The North an attempt to conduct an late 2002, included accounts analysis (MAA) as a abridged multiple implications of that Plan’s means to assess economic provincial This method is used by recommendations. to corporations and Crown planning agencies impacts from and evaluate systematically document The multiple or “accounts.” perspectives different and Land used in provincial accounts evaluation very difficult to proved Plans Management Resource cannot recommendations because Plan employ made or that guarantee that an application will be in new and result applications will be approved The assessment of the developments. tenured Coastal economic implications of the Johnstone-Bute Island to the North is limited in similar fashion Plan 140 the incremental impacts of the Plan for key residents of the Plan Area depends on the local commercial uses were not identified, as mentioned sourcing of labour and materials, supplies and above, due to the speculative nature of determining equipment. Local sourcing depends on factors such as future sites. The Plan may impose costs on certain the type of use, the proximity of the development to aquaculture, commercial and industrial activities, communities in the Plan Area, local production particularly where uses are conditionally acceptable. capacity and the hiring policies of tenure holders. However, since the Plan’s main impact is to establish Economic benefits of the Plan are expected to accrue general direction for dealing with applications, rather to both the Plan Area and to communities in the than changing specific siting criteria, it is unlikely surrounding area. that these costs would be greater than under the The above discussion applies to both First Nation current management regime. and non-First Nation communities. Unemployment In addition to the implications for specific coastal rates among First Nations are typically much higher uses, the Johnstone-Bute Coastal Plan has some than for non-aboriginal populations, and First indirect socio-economic benefits that result from Nations communities are much more reliant upon a coastal planning that cannot be quantified. These mixed-subsistence economy which relies on marine include greater investor certainty and reduced capital food sources, particularly fisheries, to supplement and operating costs resulting from affirmation of household incomes or compensate for low incomes. existing uses and clearer management direction for Aboriginal harvests of marine resources are likely to new development, which should clarify the terms and remain important parts of the Aboriginal income conditions governing the siting approval process stream in the Plan Area. The Plan encourages administered by LWBC. Reduction in resource increased involvement with First Nations in conflicts is also an anticipated benefit that will result economic activities, while respecting traditional in sustainable economic development. resource based uses and activities. If properly The proportion of new investment and employment implemented, the Plan should have positive opportunities that will accrue to communities and economic implications for First Nations.

Table 21. Economic Impact Coefficients for Selected Coastal Uses

Capital Annual Annual Annual Direct Investment Direct Jobs Total Jobs BC Revenue* Foreshore/ Nearshore Use ($'000/site) (PYs/site) (PYs/site) ($/site) Finfish Aquaculture 900 4.0 7.60 43,000 Shellfish Beach Aquaculture 150 0.9 1.60 9,700 Shellfish Deepwater Aquaculture 110 2.0 3.30 21,500 Marine Plant Aquaculture 6 2.0 3.3 21,500 Floating Lodges 1150 11.0 13.3 43,900 Commercial Rec. Base Camps 490 4.9 5.8 19,600 Heli-Log Drop Sites ** 460 4.0 8.3 60,000 Log Sorts 850 1.5 3.1 22,500 Log Storage Pens 225 1.0 2.1 15,000 Public Docks and Wharves 56 1.8 3.6 26,000 Commercial Docks and Wharves 740 15.7 32.5 236,000 Tidewater Industrial 1300 47.8 58.3 121,000 Sources: North Island Straits Coastal Plan, MSRM, December 2002 * Includes taxes on direct, indirect and induced incomes as well as direct LWBC lease/ rental fees. ** Capital investment estimate for heli-log drop sites assumes 6 sites each operated for 2 months per year. *See Social and Economic Impact Assessment for Land and Resource Management Planning in British Columbia: Interim Guidelines, Integrated Resource Planning Committee, August, 1993.The guidelines for land and resource management planning are currently being reviewed and updated. The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute COASTAL PLAN

SUMMARY AND FOLLOW-UP

5.1. Summary of Plan Recommendations

Table 22. Summary of Recommended Uses by Planning Unit Unit 1 – Port Neville Unit 1 – Port Unit 2 – Upper Johnstone Yorke Unit 3 - Unit 4 – Sunderland Channel Harbour Topaze Unit 5 – Channel Wellbore Unit 6 – - Race Unit 7 –Current Unit 8 – Chancellor Channel Unit 9 – South Johnstone Arm Unit 10 – Philips Unit 11 – Nodales Channel - Estero Unit 12 – Frederick Unit 13 - Rapids Wall Unit 14 – Okisollo Hole in the Unit 15 - Bute Entrance Bute Unit 16 - Lower Unit 17 - Orford Unit 18 – Upper Bute Unit 19 - Loughborough Passage Unit 20 – Mayne Shellfish Beach Aquaculture O X X O X O O O X X O X X X X X X O X  Shellfish Deep Water Aquaculture X X O O  X X O X  O O X X X X X O O  Finfish Aquaculture X X O  O X X O O O O O X O O X O X X O Marine Plant Aquaculture X X X X X X X X X X O X X X X X X X   Float Homes  X X X X X X X X X X X  X  X X X  X Floating Lodges/Camps  X X  X  X X X X X X  X  X X X  O Boat Launches   X X X   X   X X  O   X X X  Commercial Recreation Guiding       O   O O     O O O O  Log Booming and Handling    O  O     O O O        Helicopter Log Drops    O  O   X  O O X        Private Residential Moorage   X  X X  X   X X   X   X   Commercial & Industrial Docks O X  X X   X   X X    X  X   Public & Institutional Docks O X  X    X   X X      X   Marine Telecommunications & Utilities O O O O O O  X O O X X O  O O O O O  Conservation/Recreation                     Management Emphasis T C CR G RC R CG G R CR C C R T G R R C G T Note: Management Emphasis: G=General Marine C=Conservation R=Recreation T=Community  Acceptable. The use is considered appropriate. Applications for this use should be accepted for processing and evaluation. Acceptance of an application does not guarantee that a tenure will be approved by LWBC or meet local and federal government requirements O Conditionally Acceptable. The use is considered conditionally acceptable. New applications for this use should be accepted for processing and evaluation only if they meet the terms of relevant Conditions for Acceptance of Tenure Application: in the Plan. X Not Acceptable. The use is considered inappropriate. Applications for this use should not be accepted for processing and evaluation. 5.2. Information Limitations Consequently, this Plan cannot and should not replace LWBC requirements for site specific The unit maps and unit direction presented in this information to accompany an application. Plan will be used by LWBC, potential applicants and the public to determine the acceptability of a Crown Since the Planning Unit maps are available on the foreshore or nearshore application. Plan users should MSRM web site and are linked to all supporting be aware of the limitations inherent in the Planning maps and information sources within MSRM, they Unit descriptions and maps. While the maps and will be regularly updated and will therefore be of text for each unit outline known values and uses increasing value to LWBC and other users in such activities as plan auditing, plan amendment, site within each unit, they can only represent information 141 available at the time of Plan preparation. planning and marketing. 142 Table 23. Summary of Foreshore/Nearshore Areas under Land Act Map Notation of Interest (NOI)

Planning Unit Specific Area Purpose and Sponsoring Agency 1 Port Neville Lower portion of inlet Maintain log handling reserves on adjacent shores south of Robbers Nob in favour of MSRM. 2 Upper Neville Point and Milly Maintain NOI for Towboat Reserve at Neville Point and Milly Island in favour of Johnstone Island MSRM. 3Yorke McLeod Bay Maintain NOI over McLeod Bay Boat Haven in favour of MSRM Fanny Island Maintain NOI over Fanny Island. 4 Sunderland Shaw Point Maintain NOI Towboat Reserve in favour of MSRM Channel 6 Wellbore Head of Forward Maintain Land Act Shellfish Reserve at the head of Forward Harbour in favour Channel Harbour of MSRM Florence Point Maintain NOI over Towboat Reserves (2) at Florence Point within Forward Harbour in favour of MSRM Thynne Peninsula Establish NOI for conservation and protection purposes over marine waters from Maud Pt to Bessborough Bay consistent with upland candidate PA boundaries in favour of WLAP Douglas Bay Maintain NOI over Boat Haven in Douglas Bay in favour of MSRM 7 Current– Camp Point Establish NOI for recreation purposes over waters adjacent to Camp Point Race Recreation site in favour of MOF. Helmcken Island– Maintain NOI over Boat Havens on Helmcken Island in favour of BC Parks Billy Goat Bay and adjacent Bay 8 Chancellor WestThurlow Maintain NOI over Towboat Reserve on WestThurlow Island in favour of MSRM Channel 9 South Elk Bay, Little Bear Bay Establish NOI for recreation purposes over waters adjacent to Elk Bay and Johnstone Little Bear Bay recreation sites in favour of MOF 10 Philips Arm Shirley Creek Maintain UREP map reserve 11 Nodales John’s Point Establish NOIfor recreation purposes over waters adjacent to John’s Point Channel Recreation site in favour of MOF. Thurston Bay Lagoon Maintain NOI over Boat Haven in Thurston Bay Lagoon in favour of BC Parks Thurston Bay Establish NOI over Thurston Bay for purposes of a conservation assessment for a potential protected area. 12 Frederick- Egerton Creek Establish NOI for recreation purposes over waters adjacent to Egerton Creek Estero Recreation site in favour of MOF. Frederick Arm Maintain NOI over Towboat Reserve on eastern shore of entrance to Frederick Arm. Estero Basin Establish NOI over Estero Basin (marine portion), up to and including ‘the Cut’ for further conservation assessment for a potential protected area. 13 Rapids Dent Island, Burnt Maintain NOI over Tow Boat Reserves at Dent Island and Burnt Bluff Bay in Bluff Bay favour of MSRM. Sonora Island Maintain Land Act Research Reserve on Sonora Island at Innis Passage in favour of MSRM 14 Okisollo- Hole in the Wall Establish NOI for recreation purposes over waters adjacent to Hole in the Wall Hole in the entrance Recreation site in favour of MOF. Wall Florence Cove Maintain NOI over Towboat Reserve at Florence Cove in favour of MSRM. 16 Lower Bute Moh Creek Maintain UREP map reserve 19 Lough- Beaver Inlet Establish NOI for recreation purposes over waters adjacent to Beaver Inlet borough Inlet Recreation site in favour of MOF. Towry Head Maintain NOI over Boat Havens (2) at Towry Head in favour of BC Parks The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute COASTAL PLAN

Table 24. Summary of Areas Requiring Guidelines for Commercial Recreation Operating Practices Affected Area Planning Unit 7

Participants & Process N CWS, WLAP to develop guidelines and/or performance based standards with LWBC N Tenure applicants to consult with appropriate agency as to availability of guidelines/standards Time Frame N Time frame for development established by agencies General Content N Location of sensitive species, types of species and habitat N Species populations, lifecycle events e.g. breeding, rearing, feeding and migration N Species sensitivities during activities e.g. noise disturbance during breeding N Proposed operating activities and timing, distances

Table 25. Summary of Areas Requiring Guidelines for Commercial Recreation Operating Practices for Bear Viewing Affected Area Planning Units 10,11,16,17,18,19

Participants & Process N WLAP to develop guidelines and/or performance based standards with LWBC N Tenure applicants to utilize current draft ‘Guidelines and Tenure requirements for Land Based Bear Viewing’ as developed by WLAP until finalized Time Frame N Time frame for development established by agencies General Content N Location of sensitive species, types of species and habitat N Species populations, lifecycle events e.g. breeding, rearing, feeding and migration N Species sensitivities during activities e.g. noise disturbance during breeding N Proposed operating activities and timing, distances 5.3. Summary of Recommendations for LWBC should only accept a request for Plan Land Act Notations variation if it is based on one or more of the following conditions, which are to be specifically A summary of management prescriptions for Land addressed in the variation request letter: Act notations of interest is provided in Table 23. In order for LWBC to place or maintain notations over NThe proposed use is based on new technologies or these foreshore and nearshore areas, official letters of methods of operation that were not available, not request will be required from WLAP and / or MOF. contemplated or not considered during development of the Plan; 5.4. Commercial Recreation Operating NThe proposed use represents, or is part of a new Practices Guidelines economic activity or venture that was not considered or contemplated during development Section 3.12 - Conditions for Acceptance of Tenure of the Plan; Application identifies Planning Units where NThe proposed use is based on new information commercial recreation guiding uses should be that was not available at the time of plan conditional on following established guidelines and / development or performance based standards for bear viewing and minimizing disturbance and impact on bird colonies Letters of support from local government and / or and migratory bird habitat. These units are First Nations are encouraged in support of the summarized in Table 24 along with a recommended variation proposal. outline for development and scope of such guidelines. The recommended Plan variation process is as follows:

NThe proponent provides a formal letter requesting 5.5. Plan Variation Process Plan variation to the LWBC Service Centre Plan provisions that identify a use in a Planning Unit Director, with relevant rationale and as 'Not Acceptable' or 'Conditionally Acceptable' documentation, including geographic location of may be challenged on a site-by-site basis. This the proposal. A non-refundable fee will be levied process to vary the Plan's recommendations must be by LWBC for accommodating the request. made in writing to the LWBC Service Centre NWithin 15 days of receiving the variation request letter, Director by the proponent. LWBC will distribute it to a standing interagency 143 resource management committee for consideration. COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 144 N develop working relationships witharea First The Plan seeks toencouragetenure applicantsto is notintendedtolimittreaty negotiations. As previously stated,the Plan isnotbindingon,and resources. of area First Nations ineconomicdevelopment of area First Nations' activities,andgreater participation relationships, reduced impactoflanduseactivities on Plan isintendedtofosterimproved working and information. Through suchinvolvement, the toaccommodateFirstopportunity Nations interests reviewing Planning Unit recommendations asan The Province considers First Nations involvement in Considerations/Provisions 5.6 FirstNationContactand N N Centre Director andtheMSRMRegional Director. Plan shouldbeconfirmedby theLWBC Service The variation process fortheJohnstone-Bute Coastal variation requests. Plan review ifthere have beenalargenumberof such provisions may, however, bemadeatthetimeof use provisions forthatunit.Permanent changeto automatically result inchangetothePlan's acceptable A successfulPlan variation request willnot management committee. issuance oftenure by LWBC ortheinteragency request shouldnotbeinterpreted for assupport application basedonasuccessfulPlan variation LWBC acceptanceandprocessing ofan requirements orissues. procedures, subjecttoanyotherLWBC be processed according toLWBC standard LWBC applicationformandthewill application, theproponent maycompletethe decision. If thedecisionistoacceptan committee andadvisetheappellantofLWBC LWBC willconsidertherecommendations ofthe application iftherequest isupheld. information required forinclusioninatenure of thevariation request andanysubsequent committee willrecommend acceptanceorrejection interagency managementcommittee. The requested tomakeapresentation tothe letter from LWBC. The proponent maybe Centre Director within60daysofreceipt ofthe and makearecommendation totheLWBC Service The committeewillreview thevariation request N N N N N N following: but are notbelimitedto,discussionsofthe Nations. Such working relationships couldinclude, period, aswell asrecommended planamendments, public commentsreceived duringthethree year interpretation issues,Plan variation requests andany the degree ofcompliancewiththePlan. Alistingof on tenure applicationsandapprovals thataddresses Management (MSRM)willprepare anauditreport approval, ofSustainable theMinistry Resource Three yearsdateofPlan from theanniversary 5.7. PlanReview and Amendment friction withculturalvalues andsensitive sites. activity ispotentiallyinconflictorasource of engage area First Nations indiscussion,where an Crown foreshore andnearshore to makeefforts It isalsorecommended thatnon-tenured usersof Fax: (250) 339-7053 Ph: (250)339-4545 Courtenay BC V9N 3P8 3320 Comox Rd Comox FirstNation Fax: (250)830-1709 Ph: (250)830-1708 7Y8 V9W Campbell River BC 106 1434IslandHighway Fax: (250)923-4987 Ph: (250)923-4979 V9H 1G5 Campbell River,BC #552 1218ButeCres. Xwémalhkwu FirstNation Fax: (250)287-9469 Ph: (250)287-9460 2E4 V9W Campbell River, BC 1441 OldIslandHighway Society Hamatla Treaty Table 26. First NationContactInformation recreation areas. guardian and programs formarineconservation development orbusiness use ofFirst Nations inmarketing ofa support in areas ofsignificancetotheFirst Nations recognition andavoidance ofapplyingfor tenure in adevelopment ortenure training andemployment ofFirst Nations people major First Nations involvement inoperations fordevelopmentjoint venturing orpartnerships Fax: (250) 935-6997 Ph: (250)935-6536 VOP 1KO Mansons Landing, BC Squirrel Cove, 553 Box 9 Klahoose FirstNation Ph: (250)286-6949 V9W 5W8 Campbell River BC Wai Kum Wei Rd 1400 Wei Wai Kum FirstNation Ph: (250)285-3316 V0P 1N0 Quadra IslandBC Quathiaski Cove PO Box 220 Wei Wai Kai FirstNation Ph: (250)286-1295 V9W 2E3 Campbell River BC 1440 OldIslandHighway Kwiakah FirstNation The Johnstone - Bute COASTAL PLAN will be included in the report along with process for redrafting or reaffirmation will include recommended actions or plan adjustments. discussions with affected local government, First The audit report will be presented to the standing Nations, members of the planning advisory interagency committee chaired by MSRM. The committee, boards associated with integrated oceans committee will use this report as the basis of a formal management, and interest groups. Any revised or Plan review, which may lead to the redrafting and modified Plan will be posted on the MSRM website. reaffirmation of the Plan by government. The 5.8. Summary of Follow-up Activities

Table 27. Summary of Schedule of Follow up Activities Sequence Name of Activity Initiation Date Lead Responsibility 1 Official requests submitted from agencies for Dec 2004 WLAP & MOF notations of interest 2 Establish notations and reserves January 2005 LWBC 3 Develop operating guidelines/performance based standards ongoing LWBC with WLAP,CWS for minimizing impact of tenure operations on bird colonies & migratory bird habitat 4 Develop operating guidelines/performance based standards ongoing LWBC with WLAP for minimizing impact of tenure operations on bears and bear habitat 5 Prepare audit report & formal plan redraft (if required) March 2007 MSRM Ongoing Planning Unit Variations As Required LWBC

145 146 APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Governance Principles for Sustainable Resource Management

VISION Sustainable resource management that optimizes economic development of the province’s natural resources while protecting ecosystem integrity, enhancing community well being and ensuring an enduring legacy of prosperity for future generations.

GOALS A strong, competitive and vibrant provincial economy A supportive social infrastructure Safe, healthy communities and a sustainable environment Sound Governance

PRINCIPLES Accountability: Setting performance-based standards and indicators and implementing mechanisms for compliance, auditing and reporting on progress towards sustainable resource management. An effective enforcement regime is a key part of accountability. Certainty: Making timely and clear resource management decisions within a predictable and understandable regulatory framework. Competitiveness: Ensuring that British Columbia remains internationally competitive by removing barriers to investment and promoting open trade. Continual improvement: Learning from the past and looking for new and improved approaches to resource management. Efficiency: Maximizing the net benefits arising from the allocation, development and use of natural resources. Innovation: Encouraging innovative approaches, technologies and skills to ensure the sustainability of natural resources. Integration: Ensuring that resource management decisions integrate economic, environmental and social considerations for the benefit of present and future generations. Science-based decision-making: Making justifiable decisions informed by science-based information and risk assessment. Shared responsibility: Encouraging co-operation among First Nations; federal, provincial and local governments; industry and non-governmental organizations in developing and implementing resource management policies. Transparency: Establishing open and understandable decision-making processes including consulting with key interests prior to making decisions. Transparency also includes the public release of monitoring and compliance records, and tracking of sustainability indicators. The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN

Appendix 2: First Nations, Agency, and Interest Group Discussions

Group, Agency, Nation, First Nation, Nature of Contact Regional Government, and Community First Nations, Regional Government, and Community Xwémalhkwu First Nation Meetings (3); information exchange Hamatla Treaty Society Meetings (3); information exchange Comox First Nation Meeting (2); information exchange of Comox – Strathcona Community Board Meeting (4) Planning Committee Regional District of Comox Strathcona Board Board meeting (2) Johnstone – Bute Coastal Plan Advisory Committee Local meetings (6) District of Campbell River Board meeting (1) Industry Sea Kayak Guide Alliance of BC Meeting (1); information exchange Pacific Halibut Management Association Information exchange Pacific Prawn Fisherman’s Association Heritage Aquaculture Ltd. Meeting (1); information exchange Underwater Harvesters Association Meeting (1); information exchange Scott Paper Information exchange BC Shellfish Growers Association Meeting (1); information exchange BC Salmon Farmers Association Meeting (3); information exchange Timberwest Forest Ltd. Meeting (1); information exchange Provincial and Federal Agencies Canadian Wildlife Service Information exchange Fisheries and Oceans Canada Meetings (ongoing); information exchange Land & Water BC Meetings (2); information exchange Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Fisheries Meeting (2); information exchange Ministry of Forests Meeting (1); information exchange Ministry of Water, Land & Air Protection (Parks) Information exchange Non-Government Organizations Campbell River Sport fishing Advisory Council Meeting (1); information exchange Council of BC Yacht Clubs Information exchange Georgia Strait Alliance Information exchange

147 148 Appendix 3: Submissions from First Nations and Local Governments

Figure 16 Submission of the Hamatla Treaty Society The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN

149 150 Figure 17 Submission of the Xwémalhkwu First Nations The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN

151 152 The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN

153 154 The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN 155 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn o J e Th COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 156 157 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn o J e Th COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 158 159 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn HANNEL o C J e Th UNDERLAND 4 S NW is an Xwémalhkwu Rockfish is an Xwémalhkwu Rockfish Island NW Hardwicke Nation Conservation and Xwémalhkwu First Area (RCA Island that NW Hardwicke recommends Conservation as 137) should be a Rockfish Area, as part of the FOC Rockfish initially recommended Conservation Strategy. is an Xwémalhkwu Salmon of Althorp Point West is a There Zone. and Protection Enhancement Hunting of deer and grouse on the shoreline has on the shoreline and grouse of deer Hunting a boat. been traditionally practiced from a traditionally used safe anchorage is Island Yorke site. asserts that this Unit Nation Xwémalhkwu First traditional Nation is within Xwémalhkwu First Area territory. end of the north at the west side of Creek Plum supports chum, pink and coho Island Hardwicke salmon. There is a conflict regarding finfish aquaculture, finfish aquaculture, a conflict regarding is There capability is Aquaculture Area. this Unit specific to to George Point from listed as good to medium of Fanny and on northern shores Point Gunner The Island. Yorke and Island Clarence Island, finfish recommend management conditions Tuna to applications to be restricted aquaculture fish include anadromous attributes However, Point. is also and this area River, Tuna at streams to be part Proposed of the FOC considered conflict These values Conservation Area. Rockfish to Point Tuna use. with finfish aquaculture is an Island and Hardwicke Island Vancouver Conservation Area. Xwémalhkwu Rockfish that the recommends Nation Xwémalhkwu First Island Vancouver to across Point Tuna from area should be a Island NW Hardwicke 138) (RCA Conservation as originally Rockfish Area, as part of the FOC Rockfish recommended recommendation The above Conservation Strategy. is particularly pertinent and important to the due to the traditional gill Nation Xwémalhkwu First net harvest pink of salmon species, including chum, recommends Nation Xwémalhkwu First and coho. stocks be that any use potentially damaging historic of its use in this Unit approval before investigated is an Xwémalhkwu Salmon area The entire Area. Zone. and Protection Enhancement NIT N N N N U N N N N EVILLE OHNSTONE J N PPER ORT ORKE 3 Y 3 2 U 1 P The entire unit area is an Xwémalhkwu Salmon is an Xwémalhkwu Salmon unit area The entire Zone. and Protection Enhancement Traditional gill netting harvest of salmon species, Traditional including chum, pink and coho is noted for this traditionally Nation Xwémalhkwu First Area. Unit harvests and spring cod, lingcod, and sockeye rock sites for deer and Hunting Area. salmon in this Unit a boat are accessed by on the shoreline grouse Nation this unit. Xwémalhkwu First throughout that any use, which may potentially recommends before damage these historic stocks, be investigated Area. of its use in this Unit approval Xwémalhkwu First Nation asserts that this Unit asserts that this Unit Nation Xwémalhkwu First traditional Nation is within Xwémalhkwu First Area territory. Potential negative impacts exist in relation to log impacts exist in relation negative Potential on salmon and clams in this Unit handling tenures as described in the Introduction. Area, Port Neville is a traditionally used safe anchorage Neville Port the where and stopping place, in particular, is situated. wharf and store government Inlet Neville that Port Xwémalhkwu recommends Conservation as should be a Rockfish Area, as part of the FOC originally recommended is Inlet Neville Port ConservationRockfish Strategy. Conservation Area. an Xwémalhkwu Rockfish Port Neville is a traditional clam harvesting is a traditional area. Neville Port estuary Creek in Shore River/ The Fulmore clam harvest Fulmore particular a known area. is supports River coho, pink, chinook and sockeye. escapement is of significance, regionally, Sockeye median escapement in the largest having the 3rd chum escapement addition, In traditional territory. median is also significant, as it is the 12th largest in escapement out of 92 chum streams Xwémalhkwu traditional territory. Xwémalhkwu First Nation asserts this Unit Area is Area asserts Unit this Nation First Xwémalhkwu traditional Nation First within Xwémalhkwu territory. within Xwémalhkwu First Nation traditional Nation within Xwémalhkwu First territory. NIT NIT NIT U is Area asserts that this Unit Nation Xwémalhkwu First N N U N N N N N Xwémalhkwu (Homalco) First Nation Unit Specific Unit Specific First Nation (Homalco) Xwémalhkwu and Recommendations Comments U N COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 160 N N N U N N NIT attributes listed, theproposed Rockfish area and within thisUnit Area, specifically, thebiological Area. ResourceConservation useconflictsexist Topaze Harbour isanXwémalhkwu Rockfish of berriesby the foreshore andnearshore. traditional practiceinthisUnit Area, asistheharvest and grouse ontheshoreline from aboatisalso is recommended forhistoricpurposes.Hunting ofdeer Protection ofthecommencementthisoverland trail Bay isanXwémalhkwuHeritage Protection site. Bay at Topaze Harbour. This overland trailtoHeydon historically, there existsanoverland trailtoHeydon including dogsalmonandclams.In addition, andsmokingsiteforvarious species harvesting particular. In fact,Jackson Bay isatraditional crabs in Topaze Harbour, andinJackson Bay in Traditional alsoincludesseaurchins, clamsand harvest Unit Area. protecting andenhancingexistingstocksinthis Xwémalhkwu First Nation hasaninterest in extremely depressed, butcouldpotentiallyrecover. stocks forthelattertwospeciesare currently significant producer ofpinks,chumsandcoho; in particular. Read Creek hashistoricallybeena Topaze Harbour, inRead andsalmonharvest Creek, this Unit Area ofchumsalmonat includeslateruns Xwémalhkwu First Nation in traditionalharvesting territory. Area iswithinXwémalhkwuFirst Nation traditional Xwémalhkwu First Nation thatthisUnit asserts Unit Area. investigated before approval ofitsuseinthis potentially damagethesehistoricstocks,be Nation recommends thatanyuse,whichmay inthisUnitharvested Area. XwémalhkwuFirst and sockeye. Lingcod,rock cod,red snapperisalso species, includingchum,pinkandcohospring ofsalmon due tothetraditionalgillnettingharvest totheXwémalhkwuFirstand important Nation The above recommendation pertinent isparticularly and rockfish. kelp beds,known tobeareas ofrefuge forsmolts, of AlthorpPoint, where there alsoexistsextensive Nation membersasthefinfishtenure islocatedwest traditionally andcurrently by Xwémalhkwu First beaches andothermarineresources relied upon out migrantsmolts,especiallypinkandchum,clam resource anduserconflictregarding thehealthof 5 T OPAZE H ARBOUR N N N N N N N N N U NIT to recreational orconservation. Unit Area managementemphasisshouldbechanged concernsandrecreationalconservation use,this the biologicalandecologicalattributes,aswell as Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends thatdueto phytoplankton blooms. circulation withstratificationleadingtopotential harbour hasbeenidentifiedashavingpoor aquaculture, specifictothisUnit Area, asthe There conflictregarding isafurther finfish if finfishtenures are toremain. major resource anduserconflictregarding thisarea Enhancement andProtection Zone. There isa This entire unitarea isanXwémalhkwuSalmon this unitarea. ProtectionZone over allanadromous fishstreams in Xwémalhkwu Salmon Enhancement and Xwémalhkwu First Nation hasplacedan territory. escapement, asitisthefifth largestinthetraditional regionally significanteven-year pinksalmon biological attributesthat Wortley Creek hasa Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends adding to Rockfish Area. Conservation recommends Forward Harbour (RCA 135)asa Area. Xwémalhkwu FirstConservation Nation Forward Harbour isanXwémalhkwuRockfish emphasis. that thisarea belistedashavingaconservation Area issue,XwémalhkwuFirst Nation recommends area designationsandtheRockfish Conservation and biologicalattributes,includingtheprotection Due tothehighrecreational values, culturalvalues of salmon. snapper, seaurchins, seacucumber, andallspecies Area includesrockfish, lingcod,rock cod,red Traditional marineresource inthisUnit harvest Nation occursthroughout thisUnit Area. Traditional by XwémalhkwuFirst clamharvesting within XwémalhkwuFirst Nation traditionalterritory. Xwémalhkwu First Nation thatthisUnit asserts Area is part oftheFOCRockfishStrategy.part Conservation Rockfish Area, asrecommended Conservation as recommends Topaze Harbour (RCA 136)becomea Point. Further, Xwémalhkwu First Nation aquaculture tenure between Shaw Point andGeneste resources. These usesconflictwiththefinfish Xwémalhkwu First Nation interests inmarine 6 W ELLBORE C HANNEL 161 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn o J OHNSTONE J e Th OUTH 9 S Xwémalhkwu recommends that no uses be Xwémalhkwu recommends which would Area, accepted in this Unit impact upon whale potentially negatively an eco- Tours, Wildlife migrations as Homalco the Xwémalhkwu by tourism company owned conducts tours that include the Nation, First whale migrations. Amor de Cosmos Creek has historically been a Amor de Cosmos Creek of chum, coho and pink significant producer depressed, currently salmon. All of these stocks are in order but a high capability must be considered Xwémalhkwu options for rehabilitation. to retain and in rehabilitation has an interest Nation First enhancement of these stocks. As such, all historic including Amor de streams, salmon producing been designated Xwémalhkwu have Cosmos creek, Zones. and Protection Enhancement Salmon Traditional use includes fishing for rockfish and and rockfish includes fishing for use Traditional chum, pink salmon coho, spring, lingcod, halibut, as clam digging as well Area, this Unit throughout Island. Thurlow West the coast of all along recommends therefore Nation First Xwémalhkwu further and be protected, potential that these areas to wild clam harvest impacts negative be noted any to any shellfish beach or with regards harvest of Traditional applications. aquaculture is species near the foreshore berries and other plant is an area unit fact, this entire noted. In Zone. Enhancement Xwémalhkwu Salmon asserts that this Unit Nation Xwémalhkwu First Nation lies within the Xwémalhkwu First Area traditional territory. clam include village and use values Traditional food and traditional harvest Bay, in Little Bear harvesting in of huckleberries and other plant life Lingcod and Point. south of Chatham Bay, Elk salmon, including sockeye snapper, cod, red rock Village Area. is traditionally harvested in this Unit mouths, as and creek located near river sites are harvesting where of plant areas these sites are and other grouse species and hunting of deer, harvesting, as marine species occurs, as well noted Nation Xwémalhkwu First Therefore, above. from be protected that these areas recommends negatively uses that may potentially conflict or Bay Bear impact upon these traditional uses. Little Site. Protection is an Xwémalhkwu Heritage NIT N N N U N N HANNEL C ACE -R HANCELLOR URRENT 8 C 7 C Xwémalhkwu First Nation asserts that this Unit asserts that this Unit Nation Xwémalhkwu First Nation lies within Xwémalhkwu First Area traditional territory. use includes a village site, hunting for Traditional and harvestdeer and grouse, cod, lingcod, for rock Thurlow West on Point at Greene snapper, red Cordero and on the mainland across Island Point Thus, Greene Point. Greene Channel from Channel Cordero from across and the Mainland sites. Protection both Xwémalhkwu Heritage are SW Hardwicke Island is an Xwémalhkwu Rockfish is an Xwémalhkwu Rockfish Island SW Hardwicke Nation Conservation Xwémalhkwu First Area. Rockfish be a Island SW Hardwicke recommends as Conservation as originally recommended Area, Conservationpart Strategy. of the FOC Rockfish Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends that the recommends Nation Xwémalhkwu First general management emphasis be changed from marine to conservation due to the high cultural area protection biological attributes and values, designations, including the DFO proposed 138), the Conservation (RCA Rockfish Area estuary, River migratoryhabitat, the Salmon bird conservation and restoration and marine resource conflict may potentially These values concerns. and log handling with the light industrial tenure clam, which is a traditional Bay, at Kelsey tenures cockle, and lingcod herring, and herring eggs, crab, members Nation harvest Xwémalhkwu First area. geese, grouse also traditionally hunted ducks, have Bay. within Kelsey and other waterfowl The mouth of Salmon River is an Xwémalhkwu is an Xwémalhkwu River The mouth of Salmon River Salmon addition, In ProtectionSite. Heritage is a very chum, with moderate important stream and chinook significant coho, pink and regionally has Nation First which Xwémalhkwu production Salmon in enhancing and protecting. an interest Enhancement is an Xwémalhkwu Salmon River Zone. and Protection Xwémalhkwu First Nation asserts that this Unit asserts this Unit that Nation First Xwémalhkwu Nation First within Xwémalhkwu lies Area territory. traditional otherwisethe mouth of xwésam, at Traditionally, village site was a shared River, Salmon as known has an interest Nation First located. Xwémalhkwu Therefore, examining this site. and in protecting impact this negatively uses that may potentially site cannot be recommended. NIT NIT U N N N N N U N N COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 162 N U N N N N N NIT Fanny Bay, andShirley Creek, west ofPhillips Arm, interest intheprotection ofthishistoricalroute. Bute Inlet. XwémalhkwuFirst Nation hasan Arm, upthePhillips River, endingatBear Bay in route/trail exists beginningattheheadofPhillips hunting andvillagearea. Atraditionaloverland Phillips Arm,inparticular, whichisatraditional throughout thisUnit Area andattheheadof crabs, seaurchins, andfallfishingofchum salmon Traditional ofcockles, useincludestheharvest ofXwémalhkwuFirstterritory Nation. This Unit Area islocatedwithin thetraditional harvesting. in thearea whichmayresult, especiallyclam Xwémalhkwu First Nation marineresource interests provide forpotentialnegative impactson in consultationwithXwémalhkwuFirst Nation to subject totheprovision ofmitigationplanscreated that anyuseofthistenure thatmaybegranted tenure atLittleBear Bay, andwouldrecommend informationregardingfurther theCommercial A Xwémalhkwu First Nation wouldalsorequest Area. Conservation Knox Bay isanXwémalhkwuRockfish Thurlow Island, includingthe Walkem Islands and Assuch,theareacannot besupported. around East potentially negatively impactupontheseefforts, rockfish populations,thusanytenure, whichmay Nation hasaninterest inenhancingandrestoring Johnstone Strait proposal. XwémalhkwuFirst prohibiting rockfish commercial fishinginthe recommends theoriginalDFOrecommendation Strategy. XwémalhkwuFirst Nation further oftheFOCRockfishproposed aspart Conservation be aRockfishArea, asoriginally Conservation Nation recommendation thatKnox Bay (RCA 70) Islands, directly contradictstheXwémalhkwuFirst capability notationof"good"forthe Walkem when consideringthefactthataquaculture The above recommendation isespeciallypertinent Unit Area. recommends nofinfishaquaculture tenures forthis located inthisUnit Area, XwémalhkwuFirst Nation Islands, andalloftheotherbiologicalattributes values, thehighpublicrecreation values onCinque interests, theoverall highsalmonandground fishery including XwémalhkwuFirst Nation fisheries Due tothepotentialconflictingresource values, 10P HILLIPS A RM N N N N N N N Protection sites. and Owen Point are XwémalhkwuHeritage The headofPhillips Arm,Fanny Bay, Shirley Creek protected forsuchuseinthepresent andfuture. with thesetraditionaluses,andthatareas be in thisUnit Area whichmaypotentiallyconflict First Nation recommends thatnousebepermitted practiced atOwen Point. Therefore, Xwémalhkwu Wild onionsanddeerhuntingistraditionally chum, coho,andchinook. significant production ofallothersalmonspecies: andhas producer inthetraditionalterritory NUSEDS database.It isalsothetopsockeye 500,000 withanaverage of252,000,asperDFO escapements since1996have rangedfrom 96,000to streams oftheterritory. Every year, pinksalmon 40% oftherecorded sockeye escapementtoallthe territory. Historically ithasaccountedfornearly significant sockeye rivers locatedinthetraditional producer, few anditisalsooneofthevery The Phillipssignificantpinksalmon River isavery considerable resource conflicts locatedinthisUnit Xwémalhkwu First Nation notesthat there are impact uponsalmonstocks. concern thatthistenure may potentiallynegatively the area whichmayresult. Specifically, there isa attributes andXwémalhkwu First Nation interests in provide forpotentialnegative impactsonbiological consultation withXwémalhkwuFirst Nation to the provision ofmitigationplanscreated in any usethistenure maybegranted,subjectto tenure atPhilips River, andwouldrecommend that informationregardingfurther thelightindustrial Xwémalhkwu First Nation wouldalsorequest Enhancement andProtection Zone. enhancing. Phillips River isan Xwémalhkwu Salmon First Nation hasaninterest inprotecting and other speciesinPhillips Arm,whichXwémalhkwu potentially negatively impactuponmigrantpinkand The existingaquaculture tenures atRichard Point may corridor foreco-tours. pleasing, asHomalco Wildlife Tours usesthis in keepingthisUnit Area pristineandaesthetically Xwémalhkwu First Nation hasaneconomicinterest chum. harvest used by Xwémalhkwucommercial fishermanto In addition,Phillips Armhastraditionallybeen pink andcoho. however, Fanny Bay Creek alsoproduces chum, atFannychinook salmonhasbeenharvested Bay; are traditionfishingandvillagesites.In particular, 163 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn o J e Th Finally, Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends recommends Nation Xwémalhkwu First Finally, that Area that no uses be permitted in this Unit may potentially conflict with whale migration an ecotourism Tours, Wildlife as Homalco routes, the Xwémalhkwu First by company owned Under Biological Attributes, the anadromous fish the anadromous Attributes, Biological Under should be Thurston Bay Bay, in Hemming streams Creek, expanded to include Chameleon Harbour as creek, Thurston Bay and creek, Bay Hemming support chum, pink and creeks all these three coho salmon. Enhancement is an Xwémalhkwu Salmon There large encompassing the entire Zone and Protection Island side of Sonora bay on the west Thurston Bay, Passage, Young encompassing Bay. and Hemming Chameleon Harbour conservation the emphasis and light of the above In with further conflicts, which would result resource potentially conflicting with this emphasis,tenures that no recommends Nation Xwémalhkwu First newlog handling, log sorting, or commercial for this area. industrial uses should be considered the log handling reserve at Hemming Specifically, may potentially conflict with salmon using Bay formerly This creek creek. Bay Hemming supported however, a moderate coho population, in escapement since has been a reduction there information as 1983. Xwémalhkwu would request to the history of log handling at this site to verify impacts. these potential negative Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends the recommends Nation First Xwémalhkwu of conservation,designation but notes as proposed, conflicts exist potential resource that the following to conservation 5 finfishwith respect values: and a log handling reserve in tenures aquaculture with aThese potentially conflict Way. Hemming conservation with the attributes and emphasis, and as further Area, in this Unit activities occurring section. described in the Introduction notes that Nation Xwémalhkwu First Specifically, Point and Jackson Point in Broughton tenures with the FOC Proposed potentially conflict Conservation which Xwémalhkwu Rockfish Area, as as well as proposed, recommends, Nation First and enhancement concerns of the restoration marine resource Nation Xwémalhkwu First Point to Jackson Point Broughton Further, interests. Conservation Area. is an Xwémalhkwu Rockfish Passage, Thurston Bay, Chameleon Harbour and and Harbour Chameleon Thurston Bay, Passage, Bay. Hemming N N N N N N N HANNEL C ODALES 11 N In addition, there exists a traditional trail, which addition, there In and ends at begins at Chameleon Harbour that Xwémalhkwu recommends Bay. Nutcracker not potentially conflict with Area uses in this Unit these traditional uses, potential archeological as as well evidence located in these areas, enhancement and continued use of the marine As such, the trailhead above. mentioned resources Bay starting to Nutcracker at Chameleon Harbour site, as are Protection is a Xwémalhkwu Heritage heads in large bay on the village sites at stream Young encompassing Island side of Sonora west There are clam harvest sites at Thurston Bay, Thurston Bay, clam harvest are sites at There and Chameleon Harbour. Passage Burgess small fishing sites include several Traditional side of Sonora in the large bay on the west streams Thurston Passage, Young encompassing Island, also which are and Chameleon Harbour Bay Channel is a traditional area village sites. Nodales harsh even for fishing during any kind of weather, salmon. especially for sockeye weather, Traditional marine harvesting includes red snapper, marine harvesting snapper, includes red Traditional this Unit lingcod, and clams throughout rockfish, Chameleon Thurston Bay, but in particular Area, sockeye Traditional Passage. and Burgess Harbour harvest occurs in late summer/fall. Xwémalhkwu First Nation asserts that this Unit asserts that this Unit Nation Xwémalhkwu First Nation is within Xwémalhkwu First Area traditional territory. Existing log handling sites at Fanny Bay and Bay sites at Fanny log handling Existing may Arm at the head of the inlet Phillips and creeks and potentially impact upon rivers during salmon using those systems, especially as noted in the migration and early rearing Introduction. Phillips Arm is an Xwémalhkwu Rockfish an Xwémalhkwu Rockfish Arm is Phillips Xwémalhkwu First Conservation Further Area. Arm be a that Phillips recommends Nation 132), as Conservation (RCA Area Rockfish as part of the FOC originally recommended Conservation Strategy. Rockfish Area. Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends that recommends Nation First Xwémalhkwu Area. be changed this area emphasis for the management conservationgeneral marine to from due to the River Phillips listed, especially the attributes as the migratory well habitat, as bird Estuary, and marine cultural Nation Xwémalhkwu First Area. located in the Unit interests resource NIT N N N N U N N N COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 164 N N N N N N U NIT is 'goodormedium' alongtheeasternshore of considering thatfinfishaquaculture capabilityrating in thisUnit Area. when This isespeciallypertinent Nation enhancementanduse interests conservation, emphasis,andwithXwémalhkwuFirstconservation reserve. These potentiallyconflictwitha tenures, aloghandlingtenure, aloghandling interests: 2finfishaquaculturewith conservation that thefollowing resource usespotentiallyconflict asproposed, butnotes designation ofconservation, Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends the Frederick Arm. siteswithEstero Basinvillage andharvesting and Xwémalhkwu Heritage Protection Sites, asare the including thetrailstoBute Inlet andEstero Peak as therefore designatedtheheadofEstero Basin, the above uses.XwémalhkwuFirst Nation has Estero Basin, whichmightpotentiallyconflictwith no usebeacceptedinthisUnit Area, in particularly result, XwémalhkwuFirst Nation recommends that traveller toavoid ArranandDent Rapids.Asa trip from Orford Bay/Fawn Bluff andallows the from Bute Inlet toFrederick the Armthatshortens area forXwémalhkwumembersasanoverland route Estero Basin isatraditionaltrailandcanoeportage fortheXwémalhkwupeople. subject ofafloodstory foreshore isaculturallysignificantarea asitis the Further, Estero Peak andthetrailuptoitfrom the and grouse. andhuntingdeer,dogfish bear, mountaingoat yellow cedar, ofclams,lingcodand marineharvest life includingblackberriesandblackcaps, and Estero Basin offoreshore aswell asharvest plant Traditional useincludesvillagesinFrederick Arm salmon. supports Under biologicalattributesaddthatEstero Creek traditional territory. Area iswithinXwémalhkwuFirst Nation Xwémalhkwu First Nation thatthisUnit asserts pursuing shellfishtenures inChameleonHarbour. Finally, Xwémalhkwuhasaneconomicinterest in via Hemming River andthemouthofthisRiver. an interest intheprotection ofthelakes connected Bay Provincial Park. XwémalhkwuFirst Nation has in theprotection ofthearea adjacentto Thurston Further, XwémalhkwuFirst Nation hasaninterest of thisvaluable resource fortourismpurposes. Nation, hasaneconomicinterest intheprotection 12F REDERICK -E STERO N N N N N N U N NIT unit area. has aneconomicinterest inshellfishtenures inthis populations inthisarea. XwémalhkwuFirst Nation Xwémalhkwu First Nation interests inwildclam Frederick Armmaypotentiallyconflictwith Beach aquaculture forclamsandoysters within salmon. chum,cohoandpink has historicallysupported following shouldbeadded:Frederick ArmCreek at Estero entranceandwithintheBasin, the Under biologicalattributes,anadromous fishstreams or industrialusesshouldbeconsidered forthisarea. commercial log handling,sorting, that nonew emphasis, XwémalhkwuFirst Nation recommends tenuresfurther potentiallyconflictingwiththis resource potentialconflictswhichwould result with In lightoftheabove emphasisandthe conservation especially finfish orshellfishtenures, should be Nation recommends thatanyadditionaluses, already anissue. Therefore, Xwémalhkwu First rockfish by recreational andcommercial fisheriesis an issue.For example,over fishing ofendangered species, overuse andconflictamong usesisalready ofmarine Xwémalhkwu traditionalharvesting As thisUnit for important Area isvery rockfish, lingcodandinvertebrates. this anintenselyproductive area forsalmon, shoreline andpredominately rocky bottom makes should beadded:thehighcurrent, complex Under areas ofecologicalsignificance, thefollowing this Unit Area. territory. Traditional useisquiteextensive within Area iswithinXwémalhkwuFirst Nation traditional Xwémalhkwu First Nation thatthisUnit asserts the Introduction section. migrant juvenile salmon. describedin This isfurther re-evaluated forpossiblesealiceimpactonout on theeasternshore oftheentranceshouldbe salmon. Acceptability offinfishaquaculture tenures possible sealiceimpactonoutmigrantjuvenile western shore oftheentranceshouldbeassessedfor The existingfinfishaquaculture tenures atthe Conservation Area. Conservation designated asanXwémalhkwuRockfish Restricted Rockfish fishingarea. Frederick Armis Nation recommends retaining thisdesignation asa FOC Restricted Fishing Area. XwémalhkwuFirst Frederick Armwhilethisarea isalsoanInterim 13R APIDS 165 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn o J e Th In addition, Xwémalhkwu First Nation Nation addition, Xwémalhkwu First In adding to management guidelines recommends wharves holders that existing commercial tenure in mitigation plans developed should provide Xwémalhkwu First Nation has a very strong Nation Xwémalhkwu First especially for in this area, traditional use interest and sea cucumbers, lingcod, sea urchins rockfish, has been unit area This entire clams and salmon. and designated as an Xwémalhkwu Rockfish Lingcod Conservation and as an Area and Enhancement Xwémalhkwu Salmon for a heavily used area is It Zones. Protection it is not however fishery, rockfish targeted live Conservation designated as a Rockfish Area. in interests Nation light of Xwémalhkwu First In conservation of marine resources and restoration and the potential resource mentioned above, new from or further tenures conflicts resulting potentially conflicting with this emphasis, that no recommends Nation Xwémalhkwu First newlog handling, log sorting, or commercial for this area. industrial uses should be considered In fact, Vancouver Bay, Harbott Point and all village and all Point Harbott Bay, Vancouver fact, In are Island Sonora and on Passage sites at Innes sites. Protection Xwémalhkwu Heritage designated may aquaculture beach oyster Clam and First conflict with Xwémalhkwu potentially in maintaining traditional clam interests Nation Bay and Horn Island harvest Dent beds around interest future Nation First and with Xwémalhkwu in those areas. in shellfish tenures this Unit notes that Nation Xwémalhkwu First a management emphasis of has presently Area guideline that any applications with a recreation negative potential should minimize for tenures finfish is also noted that the visual impacts. It rating is listed as good or medium aquaculture Island. to Gomer west Point Haro from visual negative potential to the obvious Due farms if aquaculture impacts which would result as the as well Area, located in this Unit were biological impacts on the potential negative salmon, (as Nation attributes, Xwémalhkwu First for juvenile is a major migration route this area Bute chums and other salmon migrating from fish and clam interests, ground streams), Inlet Nation among others, Xwémalhkwu First adding to management conditions recommends should not be an that finfish aquaculture acceptable use, further described in the section. Introduction N N N N N N N Xwémalhkwu First Nation therefore recommends recommends therefore Nation Xwémalhkwu First that may Area that no use be accepted in this Unit impact on the traditional potentially negatively mentioned above. uses and marine resources Southwest of Stuart Island at the government at the government Island of Stuart Southwest a permanent winter wharf Point near Harbott village was located, and this location is also a this feet from traditional hunting site. Forty-fifty that is tied to Xwémalhkwu site is a big rock traditional mythology. Dogfish, sea cucumber, octopus and clam harvest sea cucumber, Dogfish, Point. occurs at two small bays, closest to Kelsey is a traditional village, fishing and hunting There Bay. Vancouver site at the grassy beach at On the east shore of Sonora Island, one mile south Island, of Sonora the east shore On is a village, fishing, and Lion rock Sea from as harvesthunting site, as well site for clams and other shellfish. Wild onion harvestWild sites include a tiny island and Passage Innes point of the western between Island. the eastern point of Gillard Lion Rock, A traditionally important site is Sea south of visible at flood tide at a large whirlpool is There Point. and south of Hamilton the creek to salmon harvestalso a legend related concerning cliffs south of face on the rock the distinctive Point. Hamilton Marine harvest at Yuculta Rapids includes red Rapids includes red Yuculta harvestMarine at spring salmon, lingcod, and hake, as well snapper, as clam harvestrapids. side of these on the west mussels and octopus lingcod, edible blue Rockfish, And Dogfish traditionally harvested Bay. are at Big harvest sites exist north Point. of Kelsey Further, the beach area in a bay south of Dent a bay south of Dent in the beach area Further, is a traditional village site Passage in Innes Island plant life harvest,where including salmon berries, noted. bilberries and stink currants, has been A traditional summer hunting site for mountain A traditional summer at a large whirlpool located at goat can be found the northern Rapids. entrance of Dent be found goat hunting sites can also Mountain just north a culturally important of located rock, on the south side the shore 100-120 feet up from emptying into the Inlet. of the creek viewed with great caution. It should also be should also be It caution. great viewed with is a center for Area this Unit noted that fishing. commercial harvesting lingcod, rockfish, includes Traditional Arran and mussels at barnacles, sea cucumber, snapper is traditionally harvested on Rapids. Red Rapids. the east side of Arran N N N N N N N N N N N N COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 166 N N N N N N N N N U N N N NIT village site. productivesmoking,and been avery fish harvest, between Owens andBarnes Bay hastraditionally A stream drainingSt. Aubyn lake, inthelittlebay site. Okis Island sitefor seal. isa traditionalharvest chum andothermarineresources, aswell asavillage Barnes Bay siteforcrab, isatraditionalharvest clams, oyster, clam, chum salmonandlingcod. Owen Baysiteforcrab, isatraditional harvest for chumsalmon. North of Walter's Point site isatraditionalharvest red snapper, rockfish, lingcod,andspringsalmon. Hole inthe Wall sitefor isatraditionalharvesting coho salmon. of ChonatBay isatraditional placetoharvest location forsmokehouses. The creek attheeastend butter clams,seals,chumandcohosalmon,asa Chonat Baysitefor isavillagesiteandharvesting Florence Baysiteforclams. isavillagesiteandharvest salmon berries,yellow cedarandnettles. plant materialsincludingseaweed, salal,huckleberries, rock cod,crabs,spring,chum,pinksalmon,seal,and Waiatt Baysitefor isatraditionalvillagesite,harvest there istraditionaluseinformationforthislocation. as itappearsnottobeintheUnit Area. However specifically itemized forthisInlet inthissubmission Xwémalhkwu traditionalusehasnotbeen Small Inlet; confirminoroutofUnit Area as chum andcoho. chum, cohoandpink. Waiatt Bay hassupported has ChonatBay. St. Aubyn Creek hassupported chumandcohosalmon,as traditionally supported anadromous fishstream. Further, Owen Bay has Under attributes, Waiatt Bay shouldbeaddedasan Walters Point. Bay, Waiatt Bay, St. Aubyn Creek, whichiswest of Bay, thefollowing streams shouldbeadded:Chonat channel withsalmonbearingstreams withinOwen mention ofextensive kelpbedsthroughout the Under areas ofecologicalsignificance,atthe recorded. andextensive traditionalusesiteshave been territory Area iswithinXwémalhkwuFirst Nation traditional Xwémalhkwu First Nation thatthisUnit asserts in theUnit Area thatmayresult. Xwémalhkwu First Nation marineresource interests provide forpotentialnegative impactson consultation withXwémalhkwuFirst Nation to 14O KISOLLO -H L NTHE IN OLE W ALL N N N N N N N N impact upontheseuses. cannot recommend anyusethatmaynegatively processing. Asaresult, XwémalhkwuFirst Nation traditionally usedplacesforvillagesandfish Xwémalhkwu hasaninterest inprotecting the cedar growthbushes.Further, andberry plantspecies,includingold traditionally harvested cultural interest intheprotection ofany plant resources. XwémalhkwuFirst Nation hasa above ofmarineand traditionalusesandharvest use whichmaypotentiallynegatively impactonthe Xwémalhkwu First Nation cannotrecommend any ofcedar.species ofberries,andtheharvest ofplantproducts occurs,includingmany harvesting Above theshoreline inthisUnit Area, thetraditional shoreline areas between Owens andBarnes Bay. Chonat Bay, Owens Bay, Barnes Bay andthe as are thevillagesitesatFlorence Bay, Waiatt Bay, locations are XwémalhkwuHeritage Protection sites, described intheIntroduction section. These Xwémalhkwu recommends studied,as beingfurther provide evidenceofclamgardens, which location. Rock pilesneartheshore existwhich Hole inthe Wall isatraditionaldeerhunting Both sidesoftheshoreline oppositeFlorence Bay at traditional harvest inareas notyettraditional harvest recorded. Clam Beach aquaculture maypotentially conflictwith Rockfish Area. andLingcodConservation these species. This entire unitisanXwémalhkwu Xwémalhkwu traditionaluse andrestoration plansof rockfish andlingcod potentiallyconflictwith Commercial andrecreational fisheries forendangered activitiescarriedonby members. harvesting conflicting usesincludingtraditionalfood Cove bereassessed inlight oftheabove potentially capability statusoffinfishaquaculture forFlorence Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends thatthe and narrow channels. navigational challengesresulting inthehighcurrents extensive useby theecotourism industry, and forcoastalandmarine birds,its importance seal andsealionhaulout,anOrca migrationroute, yet thissamearea containsattributesincludinga medium withinHole inthe Wall atFlorence Cove, the finfishaquaculture ratingislistedasgoodor XwémalhkwuFirstobservations. Nation notesthat following recommendations further and In addition,XwémalhkwuFirst Nation makesthe Unit Area. interest inprotecting known clambedsinthis Xwémalhkwu First Nation alsohasaneconomic 167 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn o J NTRANCE e E Th UTE 15 B North of Old Church House there is an there House Church of Old North which has been used as a Tatnit, tree, overhanging Honeymoon Bay, which is southeast of Bartlett which is southeast of Bartlett Bay, Honeymoon and site with gardens is a traditional village Island, also a harvest snapper, site for lingcod, red herring and salmon. rockfish, draining into and south of the creek North village site, with Lake was a permanent Mitchell located on the shoreline. dwellings located for its always- House, Church Old At plentiful marine harvest capabilities, traditional spring, coho rockfish, harvest snapper, includes red of and pink salmon, deer hunting, and cultivation and harvest and berries. of fruit trees is a culturally House Church Old Beside important a hole in the wall, which is landmark, Chamber Pot. called Raven's also located for its always House, Church New At plentiful marine harvest capabilities, harvest red lingcod, herring, oyster, includes rockfish, clams, blue mussels, sea cucumber, perch, snapper, Coho and pink, immature crabs, sea urchins, In spring salmon, lingcod eggs, octopus and kelp. have point-to-point, these resources the whole bay, berry and a patches, roots been harvested. Further, traditionally been have selection of fruit trees at this location. nurtured Xwémalhkwu First Nation asserts that this Unit asserts this Unit that Nation First Xwémalhkwu Nation First Xwémalhkwu is within Area in the heart is Area This Unit territory. traditional and as such, territory, of Xwémalhkwu traditional have use sites and features traditional extensive been recorded. under notes that Nation Xwémalhkwu First is listed at a village site activities and features, and the wharf listed as publicly is House Church has an interest Nation Xwémalhkwu First tenured. in these public tenures. harvest use includes clam beds on of Traditional and the harvesting of Island, the east side of Stuart perch, clams, lingcod, lingcod eggs, blue mussels, and plant and urchin shrimp, sea cucumber, addition, gravesites In harvest Island. on Bartlett of Honeymoon located on this island. North are is a Island and south of Bartlett Bay water and accompanying transformation rock Xwémalhkwu which is connected to spring/well Nation and which Xwémalhkwu First mythology, in protecting. has an interest NIT N N N N N N U N N N In addition, Xwémalhkwu First Nation Nation addition, Xwémalhkwu First In adding to management guidelines recommends holders within that existing log handling tenure should provide Bay Channel and Barnes Okisollo in consultation with mitigation plans developed for potential to provide Nation Xwémalhkwu First Nation impacts on Xwémalhkwu First negative which Area Unit in the interests marine resource to salmon fishery especially with regard may result, spawning enhancement efforts and clam bed plans should incorporate Further, protection. strategies for the necessary as a result remediation of past damage to salmon fishery and clam harvesting, attributable to these tenures. In particular, Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends Nation First Xwémalhkwu particular, In be Bay located at Barnes that the log handling tenure impacts to traditional for potential negative reviewed The present clam harvesting sites at this location. mitigation plans, holder should provide tenure in conjunction with Xwémalhkwu First developed impacts to eliminate any potential negative Nation, to clam beaches at this location. In light of Xwémalhkwu First Nation interests in interests Nation light of Xwémalhkwu First In conservation of marine resources and restoration and the potential resource mentioned above, new from or further tenures conflicts resulting First conflicting with this emphasis, Xwémalhkwu that no new handling, log log recommends Nation sorting, or industrial uses should be commercial unit this entire Further, for this area. considered and is an Xwémalhkwu Krill Enhancement area in and salmon bearing streams Zone, Protection Xwémalhkwu Salmon are the unit area Zones. and Protection Enhancement Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends adding to recommends Nation Xwémalhkwu First aquaculture that Finfish management conditions and opposite Bay for salmon at Barnes tenures potentially conflict with Chonat Bay, harvestingXwémalhkwu traditional and may that use this as outmigrant salmon smolts threaten As St. due to sea lice transfer. a migration route salmon bearing are Bay Owens and Creek Aubyn would take the salmon migration routes streams, past the existing finfish tenure salmon directly opposite Chonat Point. harvest areas include Waiatt Bay, Owens Bay, Bay, Owens Bay, Waiatt harvest include areas may that Uses and Chonat Bay. Bay Barnes affect these conflict or detrimentally potentially harvesttraditional sites should not be has an economic Xwémalhkwu recommended. unit area. in the entire in shellfish tenures interest N N N N COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 168 N N N N N N N N N of Stuart Island maythreaten rockfish habitatinside Finfish aquaculture capabilitylistedforsouth shore Church House. in thetourismpotentialof Church House andOld Xwémalhkwu First Nation hasaneconomicinterest Area Conservation an XwémalhkwuRockfish and Lingcod be aRockfishArea. Conservation This entire unitis First Nation recommends thatthisentire Unit Area fisheries.Xwémalhkwu for commercial andsports Church House. In addition,thewholearea isused Xwémalhkwu First Nation islocatedat reserve Proposed RockfishArea, anda Conservation the southeasternshore ofStuart Island isaFOC ofthesouthernshoreportion ofStuart Island, yet within watersoffshore ofChurch House anda aquaculture ratingislistedasgoodormedium Xwémalhkwu First Nation notesthatthefinfish including aninterest insecuringshellfishtenures. and tourismdevelopment interest inthisUnit Area, Xwémalhkwu First Nation alsohasaneconomic unit isanXwémalhkwuHeritage Protection Zone. to theseresources andlocations.Assuch,thisentire exercise ofXwémalhkwuaboriginalrightsinrelation or maypotentiallynegatively impactuponthe considered acceptablewhichwillpotentiallyconflict resources beprotected andthatnousesbe that theabove notedtraditionalusesitesand Xwémalhkwu First Nation therefore recommends Protection Area. and anXwémalhkwuSalmon Enhancement and Area designations: XwémalhkwuKrillConservation whole unitarea hasreceived thefollowing and alingcodspawningarea andassuch,this This wholeUnit Area isasalmonmigrationroute mountain goats,andmarten. site hasalsobeenagoodhuntingfordeerand Xwémalhkwu mythconcerningadog-monster. This Bay isthelocationreferred toinconnectionwithan A smallcreek ofKwitlítap ontheeasternportion well asberriesandotherplantmaterials. atthislocation,as have traditionallybeenharvested Bluff, alongtheshoreline. 1.3miles northeast Clams side ofBute Inlet, atthewestern tipofJohnstone ofKwitlítapmark north Bay whichisontheeast A pictographislocated15feetabove thehighwater salmon, lingcodandeggs. siteforclams,red snapper,this location,isaharvest At Johnstone Bluff, andsouthof aswell asnorth is afishbearingstream. navigational point.North ofthistree isacreek that N N N N N throughout theInlet. continued practiceoftraditionalactivitiescarriedon traditional fish,animalandplantspecies,the members topracticepreferred all meansofharvesting interests, aswell astheabilityofXwémalhkwu potentially negatively impactonXwémalhkwufishery would conflictwithpublicnavigationaswell asmay would have tobelocatedinsuchsheltered areas, tenure which(i.e.finfishordeepwater aquaculture) from thewindsmaybeamatteroflifeordeath.Any areasto publicnavigation,andthefew ofshelter other seasons. These 'Bute Winds' are amajorhazard outflow windsinwinter, andcanalsooccurinthe The entire Bute Inlet issubjecttostrong, freezing describedintheIntroductionfurther section. tenure southofJohnstone Bluff beremoved, as management conditionsthattheexistingfinfish Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends addingto the Introduction section. describedin migrant smoltswithsealice,asfurther beach, andmaydetrimentallynegatively impact atnearby conflicts withthetraditionalclamharvest the finfishaquaculture tenure atJohnstone Bluff In particular, XwémalhkwuFirst Nation notesthat for thisarea. commercial or industrial usesshouldbeconsidered recommends loghandling, logsorting, thatnonew this emphasis,Xwémalhkwu First Nation tenures orfurther potentiallyconflictingwith new and thepotentialresource conflictsresulting from andrestoration ofmarineresourcesconservation In lightofXwémalhkwuFirst Nation interests in Introduction section. These concernsare describedinthe further migrate from majorspawningareas inBute Inlet. ofchumandpinksalmonthat traditional harvest Area maypresent apotentialconflictwiththe potentially acceptablefinfishtenures inthisUnit with thetraditionalusedata.Further, existingand recommends comparingthecapabilitymapping this Unit Area. XwémalhkwuFirst Nation Nation marinespeciesin aboriginalrightstoharvest and thecontinuedexercise ofXwémalhkwuFirst aquaculture mayinterfere withtraditionalharvest and offshore shellfishaquaculture andfinfish Xwémalhkwu First Nation isconcernedthatbeach shellfish species. ofrockfish, finfishand traditional harvest Area 96,aswell asmaypotentiallyconflict with and outsideoftheProposed Rockfish Conservation 169 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn o J e Th Black bears use the whole Unit Area, on all shores. on all shores. Area, bears use the whole Unit Black mouths. to be located at all river bears are Grizzly in the has an interest Nation Xwémalhkwu First of the habitat for both black and grizzly protection eco- provides Tours Wildlife as Homalco bear, Traditional marine harvest at Clipper Point marine harvest at Clipper Point Traditional the second includes spring salmon. Specifically, is a marine and north east of Clipper Point creek addition, medicinal plant harvesting location. In south of Clipper point is a the first creek particularly important harvesting site for medicinal importance of great and spiritual plants, which are The first bay and creek to Xwémalhkwu culture. is a traditional canoe-landing east of Clipper Point is an unit area fact, this entire place. In Zone, Protection Xwémalhkwu Heritage Creek, particularly include Moh important areas and Bluff, Fawn Camp, Curly's Site, Look Out Clipper Point. near Island, on the east side of Stuart Bay, Takalh the north plant harvesting grassy end, is a village, and fishing location, particularly for spring and coho salmon. Bay, Orford south from The second bay and creek V shape, is a traditional legend site,of a particular as a hunting site and water collection source. as well to Orford Bluff, to Fawn Bluff Johnstone From traditional marine harvest includes salmon, Bay, of This stretch and rockfish. snapper, lingcod, red for salmon. water is also a migration route Amor Point, particularly of the point, is southwest Amor Point, a village location. as Look known Point, bluffs along Lawrence the On oral history this was the indicates that Point, Out Lawrence of North battles. sight of inter-national harvest is a traditional site for lingcod. Point a village, hunting, plant harvesting is Creek Moh and marine harvestaddition to being a safe site, in harvest includes chum salmon, anchorage. Marine which is also an of the Creek, and lingcod south ground. Xwémalhkwu burial an UREP notes that Nation Xwémalhkwu First and seeks clarification of Creek, is listed at Moh is located graveyard this point, as an Xwémalhkwu has an interest that Xwémalhkwu Creek at Moh in protecting. Camp, Kigichtn, otherwiseAt as Curly's known the first spring salmon has been traditionally side of Estero harvested, Inlet which is at the Bute Basin. to Estero and is the end of the trail Basin N N N N N N N N N N UTE B OWER 16 L Fawn Bluff is a traditional harvest clams, and Bluff site for Fawn site and addition, this bluff is a village In snapper. red the location of an underwater is also It shelter. Ramsey Arm for killer whales.passage from a harvest is site for Bluff The bay south of Fawn lingcod, snapper, coho, chinook, chum, pink, red of also two creeks are There clams and cockles. significant and continuing cultural importance The 8-10 feet apart. that are Bluff south of Fawn is a harvest site Bluff Fawn bay on the beach below is an Bluff of Fawn for clams and cockles. North intertidal harvesting site, village and hunting northeast of Fawn The second creek location. as a harvest is a village site, as well site for Bluff passing stocks of eulachon. Quatam River should be noted under Biological under Biological should be noted River Quatam as a major salmon stream. Attributes use includes the harvest of chinook, coho Traditional snapper and red and blue back, generally in the Inlet and lingcod on the east side of Arran Rapids. harvest of coho and spring salmon Traditional Island. occurs in the bay on the east side of Stuart Ecounit profile, under exposure (fetch) should be (fetch) should under exposure profile, Ecounit changed to maximum. is not certain whether Nation Xwémalhkwu First Traditional Area. Ramsay Arm is part of this Unit not been inserteduse sites have for this location. Nation if it is, Xwémalhkwu First However, be recommended River that Quatam recommends of ecological significance as it is a large as an area is salmon and shellfish and there and estuary, river habitat in the sand flats off the mouth. Xwémalhkwu First Nation asserts that this Unit asserts that this Unit Nation Xwémalhkwu First Nation is within Xwémalhkwu First Area traditional uses and extensive traditional territory, been recorded. and sites have In addition, Xwémalhkwu First Nation Nation First addition, Xwémalhkwu In guidelines adding to management recommends of holders south log handling tenure that existing plans developed mitigation provide Islets Bartlett to Nation First with Xwémalhkwu in consultation impacts on for potential negative provide which may result, Area attributes in the Unit to salmon fishery spawning especially with regard enhancement efforts, the traditional harvest sites and the importantof shellfish and finfish kelp beds located there. NIT N N N N N N N U N N COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 170 N N N N N on Xwémalhkwu fishery interests, aswell asthe on Xwémalhkwu fishery navigation as well aspotentially negatively impact sheltered areas, would conflictwithpublic aquaculture) wouldhave tobelocatedinsuch death. Anytenure which (i.e.finfishordeepwater shelter from the windsmaybeamatteroflifeor hazard areas topublicnavigation,andthefew of winds inwinter. These 'Bute Winds' are amajor The entire inlet issubjecttostrong, freezing outflow section. removed, describedintheIntroduction asfurther existing finfishtenures southofLeaskCreek be Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends that Strategy.Conservation recommended oftheFOCRockfish aspart lower Bute above Lawrence Point, asinitially bethepriorityforarearockfish of conservation Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends that ofthatlevel. Inthe inletnorth addition, Stuart Island andfrom AlphaBluff includingallof areas includingalloftheNorth Easternshore of conflict withtheProposed Rockfish Conservation Area shouldberecommended whichpotentially Xwémalhkwu recommends thatnousesinthisUnit lingcod incommercial andrecreational fisheries, concerns aboutover ofrockfish and harvesting these speciesaswell asXwémalhkwuFirst Nation traditional fisheriesofrockfish andrestoration of As usesmaypotentiallyconflictwithXwémalhkwu interest inthetourismpotentialofthisunitarea. Xwémalhkwu First Nation alsohasaneconomic considered forthisarea. commercial orindustrialusesshouldbe sorting, Nation recommends loghandling, thatnonew conflicting withtheseinterests, XwémalhkwuFirst resulting tenures fromorfurther potentially new resources andthepotentialresource conflicts andrestoration ofthesemarine conservation Thus, XwémalhkwuFirst Nation interests in It Area. isalsoanXwémalhkwuKrillConservation Area andRockfishArea.Conservation Conservation Xwémalhkwu Salmon Enhancement and This entire unitarea hasbeendesignatedasan fisheries forsalmon,rockfish, lingcodandshellfish. Nation traditionalterritory, includingtraditional This area ofXwémalhkwuFirst isintheheart recommended. well beingofbothblackandgrizzlybearsisnot tothe negatively impactonthehabitatnecessary Area. Thus, anyusewhichmaypotentially tourism ventures fortouristsallalongthis Unit N N U N N N N N NIT Sockeye salmonhasalsobeentraditionallyharvested. restoration ofthesesteamsforsalmonproduction. Xwémalhkwu First Nation hasaninterest inthe currently theselocationsare depressed, as abundantly from theselocationsdespitethefactthat steelhead have traditionallybeenharvested streams aschum,coho,pinkandchinook River andtributariesshouldbelistedasmajorsalmon Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends thatOrford have beenrecorded. traditional territory. Extensive traditionalusesites Area iswithinXwémalhkwuFirst Nation Xwémalhkwu First Nation thatthisUnit asserts the future. Xwémalhkwu membersinthepast,present andinto protecting traditionalmarineresources utilized by Xwémalhkwu First Nation hasaninterest in outmigrant smolts,especiallypinkandchum. Xwémalhkwu First Nation's interest inthehealthof finfish aquaculture aspotentialconflictsexistwith Xwémalhkwu First Nation hasconcernsregarding in thisarea aswell, including theshoreline andriver. Xwémalhkwu First Nation hasan economic interest and huntingsitesare located atParadise River. The between thegravel beachandParadise River. Village shore ofBute Inlet, from AmorPoint, 8kmnorth traditional huntingground islocatedonthewestern is avillagesite.Amountain goatwateringplaceand The gravel beachandcreek southofParadise River areas cover allofBute Inlet. shoreline. Distinct Xwémalhkwufamilyhunting hunting. Access tothismountain isfrom the traditionally usedforculturalpurposesand ofAmorPoint,due north isamountain On thewest sideofBute Inlet, approximately 6km Paradise River, Moh Creek andBear River. Area, around Orford particularly Conservation Bay, Xwémalhkwu Salmon Enhancement and fishery. The entire unitarea hasbeendesignateda traditional XwémalhkwuFirst Nation salmon owned by theXwémalhkwuFirst Nation andthe Homalco locatedatOrford Hatchery Bay and Activities andFeatures shouldincludePete Taggares changed tomaximum. Ecounit profile, underexposure (fetch)shouldbe traditional activitiescarriedonthroughout theInlet. plant species,andthecontinuedpracticeof alltraditionalfish,animaland means ofharvesting ability ofXwémalhkwumemberstopracticepreferred 17O RFORD 171 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn o J e Th In addition, the permanent village site, and In the associated heritage sites located throughout any use from should be protected area Bay Orford impact upon, which may potentially negatively alter or detrimentally harm the cultural use of Traditional marine fisheries at Orford Bay include Bay marine fisheries at Orford Traditional cod, lingcod, lingcod eggs, rock snapper, red seal and crab. hake, flounders, herring, perch, that no recommends Nation Xwémalhkwu First at crab fisherycommercial should be allowed in decrease devastating due to the Bay Orford evidences. A traditional knowledge productivity at Orford traditional winter village site was located mouth. River Orford on the south side of the Bay, like a slough used is a tiny creek there here, Near A type of fish trap was located to collect water. corral. mouth with a rock near the river here this has also been a place to smoke Traditionally, plant harvesting within this bay Traditional fish. includes cranberry marshes, salmon berries, wild black caps, wild onions, and many fruit trees, other plant species. round caught all year and steelhead were Salmon the fish-bearing stream from one mile upstream A further 7 River. that joins the main Orford all types of salmon were miles up this stream is also a good There traditionally harvested. up the Orford area on a grassy valley hunting area near the pool at the base of a waterfall.River There is a pictograph located along the northern is a pictograph located along There in a bay at the point just Bay of Orford shoreline on a cliff partially River hidden the Orford before high tide the above feet located twenty trees by in has an interest Nation First Xwémalhkwu mark. the pictographs located in the all of protecting located several are There traditional territory. Area. within this Unit is a gully that runs the inner shore, from There the northeasternextending from corner of Orford This all the way north to the mountain. Bay location has been a traditional harvesting for site medicinal and culturally used plant species is also a It including plants used for strength. traditional hunting area. to Orford Bay. In particular, on the inner point of on the inner point particular, In Bay. to Orford near shoreline, Bay the northOrford side of the is a Reserve boundarythe eastern of the Homalco burials and crevasse of both rock burial ground until the this place, up burials. At underground to mark visible were structures wooden 1950’s, these sites. N N N N N There are numerous burial grounds located around located around burial grounds numerous are There closest the northernsecond creek point, up to the There is a distinctive rock formation just above the formation just above rock is a distinctive There of Bute high water line on the eastern shoreline the .6 km northwest from approximately Inlet This location is Bay. northern entrance to Orford a traditional transformation place, and is one of Xwémalhkwu legend states that this rock transformed in dogs of xwx7xw that were the three locations within the Xwémalhkwu different traditional territory. A bay and rock reef area along the east side of along area reef A bay and rock 2.7 km north the from approximately Inlet Bute is a traditional Bay northern entrance to Orford as one can crawl inside and wait seal hunting area until the seals came through. A village site is located at Hovel Bay on the east Bay A village site is located at Hovel is also while hunting. It used Inlet, side of Bute men. for young training and testing area strength east side of Bute point of land on the A distinctive about 4 km north the northern from Inlet is of cultural significance Bay entrance to Orford to Xwémalhkwu members. There is a distinctive steep bluff located on the is a distinctive There in a small bay at the second Inlet, east side of Bute This location is used for Bay. Hovel before stream training and testing for the effectiveness strength as part man's of a young Hellebore of Indian goat cultural rites to manhood and is a mountain hunting site. A distinctive rock crevice in a bluff on the western the western in a bluff on crevice rock A distinctive 4.8 km approximately Inlet, of Bute shoreline deer jump that is a historic Bluff, south of Alpha recommends Nation First Xwémalhkwu are north Alpha Bluff of a creek At protecting. of a picture that resemble rocks distinctive legend states that canoes. Xwémalhkwu overturned They are canoes transformed into rock. these are of Alpha Bluff South the high-water mark. above and deer hunting site, where on a point is a village 1.9 is a creek There of alder trees. lots were there in the deepest bay below Bluff; km south of Alpha that is thought to be where Alpha Bluff name is stench along the spawned as the translated mountain goatriverbank. nearshore A traditional cliff with is situated at a distinctive hunting area 1.7 km northwest approximately striped markings side enters the west a creek Where of Alpha Bluff. 4.4 km north of Alpha approximately Inlet of Bute is a hunting site as there Point, south of Boyd Bluff, is a natural corral at the base of the mountain. N N N N N N N COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 172 N N N N being carried on at the hatchery atOrford Bay.being carried on atthehatchery First Nation withregard isundertaking tothe work Xwémalhkwu conflict withenhancement efforts rearing, especiallycoho. These alsopotentially migration routes foradultsandsmolts,estuary Orford Bay potentiallyconflictwith salmon Unit Area. Specifically loghandlingtenures at Resource anduser potentiallyconflictsexistinthis holders, licenceholdersandusersoftheBute Inlet. the impositionofleviesoruserfeesfortenure values intheentire Bute Inlet, through, potentially, enhancement andsustainableuseofallresource protective measures fortherestoration, tomonitorandimplement guardian service and landareas through theestablishmentofa of theocean,foreshore, nearshore, andinlandwater provision ofontheground integratedmanagement with governments and/ortenure holdersforthe interested ininvestigating optionsinconjunction located therein, XwémalhkwuFirst Nation is protection oftheBute Inlet andtheresources enhancementand interests inconservation, priority interests. Due toXwémalhkwuFirst Nation ecotourism aswell asXwémalhkwuFirst Nation Inlet asthisconflictswithHomalco Wildlife Tours grizzly bearsshouldbepermittedintheentire Bute Nation recommends thatnohuntingofblackor Grizzly Area. Bear XwémalhkwuFirst Conservation This entire unitarea isanXwémalhkwuBlack and Area. Xwémalhkwu KrillConservation area ofAlphaBluff southandnorth orthe which theentire the unitisdesignated,particularly the XwémalhkwuRockfishArea of Conservation recommended whichmaypotentiallyconflictwith Nation recommends thatnousesshouldbe and restoration ofthesespecies,XwémalhkwuFirst with Xwémalhkwutraditionalfisheriesofrockfish As useswithinthisUnit Area maypotentiallyconflict traditional Xwémalhkwulegend. water line. This siteisalsothesubjectofa rock whichcanstillbeseenjustabove thehigh transformation site,where deerwaschangedinto southern shore ofOrford Bay whichisa There isapointontheshore justsouthofthe practices andburialsites. related toXwémalhkwumythologyandspiritual archeological orpictographfeatures, rock features Paradise River, Hovel Bay andallvillagesites, andsouthofOrfordnorth Bay, AlphaBluff, Xwémalhkwu Heritage Protection Zone, especially these (atleast28)sites. This entire unitarea isa N N N N N N the core ofXwémalhkwutraditionalterritory. throughout thisUnit Area, asthisUnit Area isat sites and huntingsites,plantharvesting Xwémalhkwu heritagesites,culturalfishery impacts anyusemayhave orcouldpossiblyhave on First Nation membersregarding potentialnegative mitigation plans,inconjunctionwithXwémalhkwu Existing tenure holdersorlicenceesshould develop Creek andBear River. atParadiseranching opportunities River, Moh interest ininvestigating thedevelopment ofocean Xwémalhkwu First Nation alsohasaneconomic Creek andBear River. around Orfordparticularly Bay, Paradise River, Moh development potentialofthisentire unit area, an economicinterest inthetourismandsustainable Orford River. In fact,XwémalhkwuFirst Nation has in providing fresh waterfishingguidingalongthe addition, XwémalhkwuFirst Nation hasaninterest In opportunities. and extendedbearviewing development inthenearfuture, including alodge in theentire Orford Bay area forecotourism Xwémalhkwu First Nation hasaneconomicinterest further tenuresfurther potentially conflictingwiththese potential resource conflicts resulting fromor new and restoration ofthesemarine resources andthe Xwémalhkwu First Nation interests inconservation fisheries forsalmon,rockfish, lingcodandshellfish, Nation traditionalterritory, includingtraditional As thisarea ofXwémalhkwuFirst isintheheart traditional activitiescarriedonthroughout the Inlet. plant species,andthecontinuedpracticeof alltraditionalfish,animaland means ofharvesting ability ofXwémalhkwumemberstopracticepreferred interests, as well asthe on Xwémalhkwufishery navigation aswell aspotentiallynegatively impact sheltered areas, wouldconflictwithpublic aquaculture) wouldhave tobelocatedinsuch death. Anytenure which(i.e.finfishordeepwater shelter from thewindsmaybeamatteroflifeor hazard areas to publicnavigation,andthefew of winds inwinter. These 'Bute Winds' are amajor The entire inletissubjecttostrong, freezing outflow Introduction section. describedinthe especially coho,further rearing, migration (adultsandsmolts)estuary Nation interests inthehealthofsalmon above, andinparticular, withXwémalhkwuFirst conflict withXwémalhkwuinterests articulated Bay mayhave andmayinthefuture, potentially For example,loghandlingtenures locatedatOrford 173 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn o J e Th The swampy part of Waddington Harbour is a Harbour Waddington The swampy part of traditional site for harvesting plant species and materials including wild onions, wild crab apples, Waddington cattails and hunting water fowl. The is a harvestingHarbour site for eulachon. also within this harbour are and creeks rivers as good places to harvest and known trout steelhead. There is a year-round spring of cold water in the spring of cold water in is a year-round There a short at the base of a rockslide distance big rocks important to Xwémalhkwu Point south of Potato and is accessible freezes people as this spring never of this spring is a village South via the shoreline. site, which has also been a cannery location. and is an Xwémalhkwu burial ground Point Potato as a harvesta traditional seal hunting site, as well nets, site for other fisheries using cedar bark is also a harvest site similar to modern gill nets. It the for wild onions all along the bay between and is a resting Rivers, and Southgate Homathco spot for Canada geese. on the Point, at Potato the burial ground from Up coho, where Creek left hand side, is Cumsack harvested. are chum, chinook, steelhead, and trout North of this rock and creek, in the first bay south in the first creek, and of this rock North whale is another distinctive Point, of Hamilton shaped rock. two miles west rock, of the whale-shaped North of Bute shore the west from and slightly south of Hamilton and inland, but still south Inlet, mountain basin which is a is a bowl-shaped Point, hunting area, mountain goat known well access to which is commencing at the nearshore, the shoreline. to salmon is a Xwémalhkwu legend relating There indicators connected to the cliffs south of resource distinctive These cliffs have Point. Hamilton to the water's edge, that runmarkings right down Point, Hamilton access to which is the shoreline. a traditional harvest site for herring and herring culturally important also boasts a distinctive roe, formation. rock a hunting area. The first river south of Bear River River south of Bear The first river area. a hunting as is the for black bear, and hunting site is a village primarily while used south of this river, next creek the with access from in the mountain hunting up km north 3 Bay Bear of Approximately shoreline. up about is a culturally important rock distinctive of a fair the beach on the south shore 100 feet from which has a waterfall that empties into a creek, sized the shoreline. which is from big pool, access to N N N N N N N UTE B PPER 18 U From Granite Peak parallel to the shore at Boyd at Boyd parallel to the shore Peak Granite From is a traditional legend site and mountain Point the foreshore. goat hunting site with access from is a village site which is an River Bear Reserve, used during herring Xwémalhkwu Indian The village site is harvesting times. and processing mouth, going located on the right side of the river also located there, middens are Shell up river. recommends Nation which Xwémalhkwu First bay is a harvestThe whole site for researching. and coho, herring roe snapper, spring salmon, red Ecounit profile, under exposure (fetch) should be under exposure profile, Ecounit changed to maximum. A natural corral up the mountain face located on is a traditional Point the bay south of Boyd the foreshore. hunting site with access from Biological attributes should include the fish attributes should Biological at the head of the inlet: Cumsack, streams all support Teaquahan Southgate, Homathko, chum, pinks, coho, and chinook salmon. Homathko/Teaquahan spawning in the Eulachon estuary should also be listed under this section. In spawning addition, the existing note on herring as an especially Bay should mention Bear important spawning area. Xwémalhkwu First Nation asserts that this Unit asserts that this Unit Nation Xwémalhkwu First Nation is within Xwémalhkwu First Area traditional territoryuses traditional and extensive been recorded. and sites have estuaries of ecological significance, areas Under and Bear at mouths of Southgate and wetlands to that of should be added, in addition Rivers and Southgate the Homathko Further, Homathko. very of are significant salmon producers Rivers chum, pink, chinook and coho. interests, Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends recommends Nation Xwémalhkwu First interests, that no new handling, log sorting, log commercial area. for this considered uses should be or industrial Nation First addition, Xwémalhkwu In guidelines adding to management recommends within holders tenure that existing log handling opposite Havel and on the shoreline Bay Orford in mitigation plans developed provide should Bay to Nation Xwémalhkwu First consultation with impacts on for potential negative provide which may result, Area attributes in the Unit to salmon fishery spawning especially with regard enhancement efforts and the important beds kelp located there. NIT N N N N N N N U N COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 174 N N N N N N N N N N N N and pristinevalues locatedin thisUnit Area, duetothehigh conservation marine toconservation management emphasisbechanged from general Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends that goat huntingarea andvillage site. between Purcell Point andHovell Bay isamountain A largecreek slightlymore thanhalfthedistance spring salmon. site andahuntingfishinglocationfortrolling from theshoreline. It isatraditionalsummer village products, includingblackcapberrieswith access Purcell Point siteforplant isatraditionalharvesting ofHovelThe firstbigbaynorth Bay, southof navigational aid. The bigrock atPurcell Point isatraditional river salmonweirs atHomathko River. tidaland eulachon andherring,inparticular: Xwémalhkwu traditionalfisheriesincludesalmon, canoes. It isalsoadeerhuntingarea. used whiletravelling, asitisaprotected area for A smallpointsouthof Ward Point isavillagesite is amixture ofwaterandsalt. point. The goatscomedown todrinkthewaterthat distinctive pointbetween Ward Bay andthenext There isamountaingoathuntingsiteon relating tothecomingofspring. are rocks connectedtoXwémalhkwumythology fromOn thebayimmediatelynortheast Ward Point andhuntingarea. food harvesting small creek thathasarock shapedlikeawhaleis River, aboutamileuptheriver atthemouthof sideoftheSouthgateA tinyislandonthenorth chinook, chum,cohoandpinkherringfishery. and salmon.Southgate River isalsoatraditional weir) hastraditionallybeenusedtocatchherring numerous marinespeciesandastonefishtrap(tidal village, andsmokingsite.It sitefor isalsoaharvest River, onaflatarea wasapermanentXwémalhkwu On theleftsideofmouthSouthgate and toeatthebrown algaeandseawrack. drink thewaterthatisamixture ofsaltandfresh, goats comedown tothewaterinsummer ofafrog shapedrock.and immediatelynorth The ofthemouthSouthgatelocated north River A traditionalmountaingoattrailandhuntingsiteis berries, andmedicinalplants. along therivers includingmaterialsforbaskets, Creek tributary. Traditional occurs plantharvesting occurshere andattheGalleoneulachon harvest ceremonial purposes,iscollected.In addition, Up the Teaquahan River, ocherpaint,usedfor N N N N N Xwémalhkwu First Nation fishwheel. Harbour, includingtheoperationofan management oftheriver systemsinthe Waddington enhancement monitoringandfishcount fisheries intheseareas andproviding salmon an interest inproviding theguidingforfresh water Rivers. Aswell, theXwémalhkwuFirst Nation has purposes, inboththeHomathko andSouthgate addition, adevelopment interest, fortourism Harbour; acquiringclamleasesinparticular, andin economic interests intheentire Waddington Waddington Trail. Xwémalhkwu First Nation has Homalco known asthe I.R.2A,otherwise thatcommencesby Homalcoterritory I.R.2and re-establishing theoldgrease trailtoChilcotin Xwémalhkwu First Nation hasaninterest in culturallyimportant. spiritual practicesorotherwise features, rock features related tomythology and and allvillagesites,archeological orpictograph Point, Bear Bay, Ward Point, Waddington Harbour the areas around Southgate, Homathco, Potato Xwémalhkwu Heritage Protection Zone, especially This entire unitarea hasbeendesignatedasa related tosalmon andeulachon,including salmon may potentially conflictwiththefisheries values The loghandlingtenure at Waddington Harbour the Bute Inlet. most consistentlyusedherring spawningground in and withherringspawning,asthisarea isthe fishery may potentiallyconflictwiththetraditionalherring and fisheries. The loghandlingtenures atBear Bay conflict witheulachon,salmonandherringhabitat at Waddington Harbour, whichmaypotentially concerns. These includethelightindustrialtenure Xwémalhkwu traditionaluseandrestoration Existing tenured usesmaypotentiallyconflictwith Creek and Waddington Harbour. around Homathco, Southgate, Bear Bay, Cumsack Area, Enhancement particularly andConservation This entire unitarea isanXwémalhkwuSalmon Area and as an Xwémalhkwu Krill Conservation Area.Area andasanXwémalhkwuKrillConservation Xwémalhkwu Black andGrizzly Bear Conservation Xwémalhkwu RockfishArea, Conservation entire unitarea hasbeendesignatedasan the areas forGrizzlies, amongotherattributes. This and Bear Rivers, Waddington Harbour, theuseof wetlands attheheadofSouthgate, Homathko Rockfish Area, theestuariesand Conservation that theentire Unit Area isaFOCProposed fisheries forsalmon,eulachonandherring,thefact including theXwémalhkwuFirst Nation traditional 175 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn o J e Th Xwémalhkwu First Nation has an interest in has an interest Nation Xwémalhkwu First capability and enhancing the productive restoring to guarantee the and rivers of these streams traditional of Xwémalhkwu continued exercise unit has been This entire fishery harvesting. designated as an Xwémalhkwu Salmon as an as well Area, and Protection Enhancement Conservation Area. Xwémalhkwu Rockfish these Any uses that potentially conflict with particular, In cannot be recommended. interests that recommends Nation Xwémalhkwu First should be studied as Creek, such as Grassy creeks, which have impacts to the potential negative detrimentally harmed the pink salmon runs in mitigation plans and so as to create this creek, and for these rivers programmes restoration and future in conjunction with any present creeks holders. tenure may Bay at Heydon Log handling tenures potentially conflict with Xwémalhkwu traditional especially the use of the estuary for salmon fishery, specific outmigrant smolts. Other and by rearing to sites should be examined with respect potentially conflicting uses on salmon adult and clams, other bottom species, rockfish juveniles, This bottom. rocky over are tenures habitat where within the latter point is especially so for areas Conservation which is the whole Rockfish Area Xwémalhkwu First Point. Mitchell inlet above conservation that recommends of therefore Nation be a priority when considering acceptable rockfish Further detail should be included on salmon included on salmon detail should be Further has regionally Area such as: this Unit streams, especially capability, salmon production significant chinook and pink, but also coho, chum and supported chum including streams Six sockeye. and Creek, Grassy Creek, Heydon River, Apple pink salmon significant Six River. Stafford including Area, exist in this Unit spawning streams Creek. and Frazer Creek, Heydon Creek, Grassy supported have coho stocks including streams Six River. Stafford and Creek, Heydon River, Apple supported have stocks, Chinook creeks Four Heydon River. and Stafford River including Apple has historically supported and sockeye Creek is a traditional fishing site. Fishing Bay Heydon occurs and the harvest and clams of oysters Inlet, head of Beaver the this unit. At throughout of the side whose entrance is on the west a place translated as is Inlet, Loughborough "having mussels". N N N N NLET I OUGHBOROUGH 19 L Ecounit profile, under exposure (fetch) should be under exposure profile, Ecounit changed to maximum. Creek attributes should include George Biological as it enters the east fish stream, as an anadromous River. side of the inlet near the settlement of George Xwémalhkwu First Nation asserts this area is asserts this area Nation Xwémalhkwu First within its traditional territory. Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends that any recommends Nation Xwémalhkwu First shellfish culture, or deepwater finfish aquaculture exposed and to be located in protected, proposed may Area in this Unit areas high current must be potentially conflict with, and therefore Nation in light of Xwémalhkwu First considered safe anchorages for in protecting interests members to continue Nation Xwémalhkwu First the ability to practice their aboriginal to have rights, necessarily entailing the continued access of safe anchorages within the traditional territory for Nation Xwémalhkwu First members. Further, that prior to considering these uses recommends should be proponents Area, acceptable in this Unit confirmation that such tenures obliged to provide or alter or add will not alter beach structures sediment to fish bearing streams. The entire inlet is subject to strong, freezing freezing inlet is subject to strong, The entire a are Winds' These 'Bute in winter. winds outflow navigation, and the few to public major hazard the winds may be a matter of of shelter from areas which (i.e. finfish or life or death. Any tenure to be located would have aquaculture) deepwater would conflict with public areas, in such sheltered impact negatively as potentially navigation as well on Xwémalhkwu fishery as the as well interests, practice ability of Xwémalhkwu members to means of harvesting all traditional fish, preferred animal and plant species, and the continued on practice of traditional activities carried the Inlet. throughout smolt migration and early rearing, and known and known and early rearing, smolt migration First Xwémalhkwu Therefore clam beaches. holders existing tenure that recommends Nation plans in and restoration mitigation plans develop to Nation First with Xwémalhkwu conjunction detrimental these possible and potential address and the fisheries interests impacts on traditional interests, and enhancement of these restoration impacts to salmon, negative including potential eulachon, clams, estuary and herring ecosystem spawning. NIT N N U N N N COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 176 N N N N U N N N NIT practice their aboriginal rights,necessarily entailing Nation membersto continuetohave theabilityto protecting safe anchorages forXwémalhkwuFirst light ofXwémalhkwuFirst Nation interests in conflict with,andtherefore mustbeconsidered in high current areas inthis Unit Area maypotentially proposed tobelocatedinprotected, exposedand finfish aquaculture ordeepwater shellfishculture, Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends that any Unit Area. culture inthis tenures andwildshellfishharvesting Possible conflictsexistbetween shellfish bottom Frederick ArmandBute Inlet. chum comingfrom spawningareas inPhillips Arm, migrant wildsalmonsmolts,especiallypinkand Possible conflictsbetween finfishaquaculture and changed tomaximum. Ecounit profile, underexposure (fetch)shouldbe territory. Area iswithinXwémalhkwuFirst Nation traditional Xwémalhkwu First Nation thatthisUnit asserts bearing streams. beach structures oralteraddsediment tofish confirmation thatsuchtenures willnotalter Area, proponents shouldbeobligedtoprovide to consideringtheseusesacceptableinthisUnit Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends thatprior formembers.Further,traditional territory the continuedaccessofsafeanchorageswithin practice theiraboriginalrights,necessarilyentailing Nation memberstocontinuehave theabilityto protecting safeanchoragesforXwémalhkwuFirst light ofXwémalhkwuFirst Nation interests in conflict with,andtherefore mustbeconsidered in high current areas inthisUnit Area maypotentially proposed tobelocatedinprotected, exposedand finfish aquaculture ordeepwater shellfish culture, Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends thatany confirms thatthere maybeapotentialconflict. should beconsidered, aspresent scientificdata lice transmissiontochumandpinksmolts. This salmon smoltmigration,especiallypotentialforsea Area doesnotmentionanypossibleconflictwith Finfish aquaculture capabilityratingforthisUnit is permitted. be required ifactivation orcontinuationofthisuse consultation withXwémalhkwuFirst Nation should uses. Mitigation measures carriedoutin 20M AYNE P ASSAGE or add sediment to fish bearing streams. or addsedimenttofishbearingstreams. that suchtenures willnotalterbeachstructures oralter proponents shouldbeobligedtoprovide confirmation to consideringtheseusesacceptableinthisUnit Area, Xwémalhkwu First Nation recommends thatprior formembers.Further,traditional territory the continuedaccessofsafeanchorageswithin The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN Appendix 4: Data Sources

For additional details on the data sets used and contact information for data managers, plese refer to the Guide to Land and Resource Information for British Columbia available on the internet at ftp://ftp.gis.luco.gov.bc.ca/ pub/landuse/rpts/Guide_to_Land_and_Resources.pdf Table 28 Data Sources Used in Johnstone - Bute Coastal Plan

Data Source Date Scale Notes Anadromous Salmonid Stream Fish Inventory Summary System 2002 1:50,000 Joint project with MSRM and DFO Bathymetry Canadian Hydrographic Service Various Various Boat Havens Council of BC Yacht Clubs 2001 1:250,000 Clam Atlas DFO* 1995 Various Commercial Invertebrate Fisheries DFO* 1996 Various Commercial Vertebrate Fisheries DFO* 1996 Various Eagle nests Nestucca Eagle Study Vancouver 1999 1:50,000 Island. Eelgrass DFO* 1992 1:40,000 From CHS charts 3543 & 3539 Estuaries Base Thematic Mapping 2003 1:250,000 Estuaries Physical Shorezone Mapping 2000 1:40,000 System Existing Protected Areas BC Parks 2003 Various First Nations Reserves Ministry of Sustainable Resource 2002 1:20,000 Management Goal 1 and Goal 2 study Ministry of Forests 2003 1:20,000 Herring Spawning Segment DFO* 1996 Various Kelp Kelp Inventory Studies Various 1:40,000 Marine Ecounits Provincial Oil Spill Response and 2001 1:40,000 Information System (OSRIS) Marine Mammals Migration Routes DFO* 2004 Various (about 1:50,000) Marine Navigation DFO* 2004 Various (about 1:50,000) Physical Shore Type Physical Shorezone Mapping 2000 1:40,000 Sport fishing points System augmented with local knowledge Recreational Invertebrate Fisheries DFO* 1996 Various Recreational Vertebrate Fisheries DFO* 1996 Various Some ratings have been modified from the original based on more recent informa- tion from salmon farming companies. Red/Blue Species Conservation Data Center Current Various Salmon Aquaculture Opportunity Salmon Biophysical Suitability 1989 1:50,000 Study of the Sunshine Coast & Johnstone Strait/Desolation

Sound. 177 *DFO: Department of Fisheries and Oceans Appendix 4: Data Sources (Cont…) Data Source Date Scale Notes 178 Salmon Migration Routes & DFO* 2004 Various Holding Areas (about 1:50,000) Seal & Sea lion Haulouts DFO* 1994- 1:40,000 1997 Shellfish Capability Shellfish Culture Capability 1997 1:50,000 Appraisal for Johnstone Strait. Tenure & Industry Land & Water BC Inc. Current 1:20,000 Tourism/Recreation Features Tourism Opportunity Study: 2000 1:250,000 Sport fishing, heri- Campbell River/Port McNeill tage, campsite and SCUBA diving sites augmented with local knowledge Tourism/Recreation Features Tourism Opportunity Study: 2001 1:250,000 Sport fishing, heri- Sunshine Coast tage, campsite and SCUBA diving sites augmented with local knowledge

*DFO: Department of Fisheries and Oceans The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN 179 COASTAL PLAN ute B reserves or e - e n Land Act sto hn o J e Th Marine plant aquaculture is initially identified as is initially plant aquaculture Marine capability government if provincial acceptable shows aquaculture for deep water scallop mapping exists in a unit. capability high to moderate where as acceptable is identified aquaculture Finfish high opportunity studies show government provincial the unit exhibits Where to moderate capability. concerns, the use may compatibility or capacity be changed. is and Infrastructure Storage Log Handling, if industryidentified as acceptable has identified timber harvestingfuture plans for adjacent upland, can be addressed. and siting criteria identified as are Docks and Industrial Commercial occurs. it already acceptable in those units where as acceptable if it exists identified are Docks Private land on the in a unit or if the unit contains private upland. acceptable if the unit identified as are Homes Float or floating structures contains tenured currently floating communities. use is & Utilities Telecommunications Marine is an adjacent identified as acceptable if there is an expectation community on the upland, if there supporting (such as utilities of development sanitary is considered facilities at a campsite) or if the unit energy suitable for a potential wind or wave generation facility. is an as acceptable if there identified are Docks Public or if the need for adjacent community on the upland, public access is anticipated. is generally Guiding Recreation Commercial guiding activities Where identified as acceptable. migratory the potential to impact sensitive have bird this use is changed to conditionally acceptable values guidelines. to appropriate subject to adherence generally Camps are Lodges and Base Floating that it is not acceptable, with the exceptions existing it may detract from acceptable in units where community infrastructure. or from values recreational The use is not acceptable in units with existing road- accessible tourism infrastructure. Conservation use is acceptable as a potential use in all as in units where units as well notations of interest already occur. already notations of interest CTIVITIES ETERMINATION OF A D OR F SES AND U ULES R ECISION CCEPTABLE D A Considerations General use acceptable if the identified as A use is initially in a unit. exists and is tenured already identified as acceptable is An existing use initially if recommended changed to conditionally is an determines there information and input conflicts; user or resource expectation of significant to supportor if the unit is unable due additional uses established siting that meet areas to a lack of capable criteria. as conditionally acceptable if A use is also identified be considered it does not exist in the unit, but would and values potentially compatible with existing depending on the submission of more resources, application. Such specific information with a tenure capability, information could include: biophysical completion of a process, review of a required results of operating or development campsite strategy, siting conditions or limitations guidelines. Specific in the identification of a use as would also result conditionally acceptable. if the use A use is initially identified as not acceptable in the unit and the not present is currently no shows area biophysical capability assessment of the and or poor capability for the use; if information is an expectation of significant input determines there conflicts, or if the use is considered user or resource incompatible with adjacent upland designations. the or managed by An activity (i.e. not tenured or is identified as present government) provincial a unit, based on information known absent from about the activity. Considerations: Use-Specific (beach or deep water beach aquaculture Shellfish is identified as acceptable if provincial aquaculture) high to shellfish capability studies show government does not moderate capability and such development shellfish beaches with established alienate known harvesting. or commercial recreational Nations, First has reserved sites LWBC is also acceptable where It development. Nations First for future is identified as deep water aquaculture Shellfish shellfish government acceptable if provincial high to moderate capability capability studies show exists in a unit. Appendix 5: Decision Tools Decision 5: Appendix COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 180 Table 29Key WRVXSHUVHGHWKLVJXLGDQFHLQWKHQHDUIXWXUH FULWHULDEDVHGRQVRXQGVFLHQFHDQGUHÀHFWLQJ')2 V5LVN0DQDJH -RKQVWRQH%XWH3ODQZDVGHYHORSHG')2DQG0650DUHFXUUHQWO\ 1RWH7KHVHFULWHULDDUHDLQFOXGHGIRUEDFNJURXQGLQIRUPDWLRQ Table 30Sources A: local government, thepublicandFirst Nations. preferences, includingcommentsandconcernsfrom determinations maybemodifiedasaresult ofsocial All oftheabove generalandspecificinitial Modifications: Pathways Whale Feeding Areas orMigration Seal/ SealionHaulout Salt MarshesandMudflats Estuaries/ Lagoons Rocky Reefs Kelp Beds Eelgrass Beds Clam/ OysterBeach Salmon Stream (mouth) Water Depth Use/Resource Compatibility andReferral Requirements: ShellfishBeach Aquaculture Table 31 NC: R: T: S: M: F M: Environmentally SustainableLogHandlingFacilitiesinBCSection6SitingandDesign Provincial ShellfishManagementPlanMAFF/LWBC DFO BMP: Commercial Finfish Aquaculture ManagementPlanScheduleC FMP: LWBC November (LWBC) 2001MOUbetween BCAL andProvincial Referral Agencies SMP: MOU: Acceptable Planning Units Specific ManagementProvisions required toaddress interaction. Refer tomanagementdirection inspecific Criteria identifiedtotriggerprovincial interagencyreferral Siting Criteriaestablishedtoaddress interaction Timing window establishedtoaddress activities/usesduringcriticalperiods Not Compatible–nooverlap permitted R: Referral to WLAP required ifapplication iswithin500m(MOU) R: Referral to WLAP required ifapplication iswithin500m(MOU) (SMP) M -Installationofany structures must notalterordisruptsaltmarshhabitats applications within30m(MOU) R: Where identifiedasasensitive ecosystem, aprovincial tenure isrequired for R: Referral to WLAP required ifapplication iswithin100m(MOU) tats (SMP) NC -Nogearand/orfloatingstructures tobeestablishedover rocky reef habi- (SMP) NC -Nogearand/orfloatingstructures tobeestablishedover kelp bedhabitats (MOU,SMP) S: Installationofany structures must notalterordisrupteelgrasshabitats R: referral to WLAP required ifapplication iswithin100m. (MOU) NC: Nooverlap -5m minimum (SMP) R -Nooverlap, referral to WLAP required ifapplication iswithin100m(MOU) avoiding mainspawning windows) (SMP) T - Activities are tobetimedminimizeimpactsonplantsandanimals(e.g. monid creek. (SMP) S- Shellfishculture isnottobeconductedwithinthebraidedchannelsofany sal- The following references are intendedtoclarifyhow o eue Uses for Tenured Technical SitingandCompatibilityCriteria situations. management direction isconsidered toapplyinall specific circumstances. Where nosource iscited, dependingon management direction mayvary RQO\DQGUHÀHFWFULWHULDLQSODFHDWWKHWLPHWKH PHQW)UDPHZRUNDSSURDFKZKLFKDUHH[SHFWHG HQJDJHGLQGHYHORSLQJDVXLWHRIVLWLLQJ The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN

Eulachon Migration and Rearing T - Activities are to be timed to minimize impacts on plants and animals (e.g. avoiding main spawning windows) (SMP) Herring Spawning and Migration T - Activities are to be timed to minimize impacts on plants and animals (e.g. avoiding main spawning windows) (SMP) Waterfowl habitat M - Uncultivated or harvested "leave strips" should be incorporated within the design of beach culture tenures to minimize overall impact on shore birds. Leave strips to cover at least 30% of the tenure area at any given time. (MOU BMP) T - Where possible, aquaculture activity should take place during periods of low bird use (Both seasonal and diurnal) (MOU BMP) Seabird Colonies R: Referral to WLAP required if application is within 500m - Includes rafting and congregating areas as well as colonies (MOU) Wildlife Trees/ Heronries R: Referral to WLAP required if application is within 100m (MOU) Invertebrate Habitat R: Where identified as a sensitive ecosystem, a provincial tenure is required for applications within 30m (MOU) Red/ Blue Species M - species specific considerations Parks, Ecological Reserves, Marine NC Protected Areas Areas of significant heritage or cul- To be addressed through referrals to MSRM: Archaeology and Registry Services tural value Branch and affected First Nations

Table 32 Use/Resource Compatibility and Referral Requirements: Shellfish Beach Aquaculture Deep Water Water Depth Salmon Stream (mouth) S - Shellfish culture is not to be conducted within the braided channels of any salmonid creek. (SMP) T - Activities are to be timed to minimize impacts on plants and animals (e.g. avoiding main spawning windows) (SMP) Clam/ Oyster Beach R - No overlap. Referral to WLAP required if application is within 100m (MOU) eelgrass Beds NC - No overlap ñ 5m minimum buffer (SMP) R: Referral to WLAP required if application is within 100m. (MOU) S: Installation of any structures must not alter or disrupt eelgrass habitats (MOU, SMP) Kelp Beds NC - No gear and/or floating structures to be established over kelp bed habitats (SMP) Rocky Reefs NC - No gear and/or floating structures to be established over rocky reef habi- tats (SMP) Estuaries/ Lagoons R: Referral to WLAP required if application is within 100m (MOU) Salt Marshes and Mudflats R: Where identified as a sensitive ecosystem, a provincial tenure is required for applications within 30m (MOU) M - Installation of any structures must not alter or disrupt salt marsh habitats (SMP) Seal/ Sea lion Haulout R: Referral to WLAP required if application is within 500m (MOU) Whale Feeding Areas or Migration R: Referral to WLAP required if application is within 500m (MOU) Pathways Eulachon Migration and Rearing T - Activities are to be timed to minimize impacts on plants and animals (e.g. avoiding main spawning windows) (SMP) Herring Spawning and Migration T Activities are to be timed to minimize impacts on plants and animals (e.g. avoiding main spawning windows) (SMP) 181 M Herring spawn on long lines be left until eggs hatch and larvae emerge (SMP) M - Logline netting (where used) should extend a minimum of 20m below the Table 33 Use/ Resource Compatibility and Referral Requirements: Shellfish Deep Water Aquaculture (cont…) 182 Waterfowl habitat surface of the water to minimize conflict with diving ducks. (MOU BMP) T - Where possible, aquaculture activity should take place during periods of low bird use (Both seasonal and diurnal) (MOU BMP) R: Referral to WLAP required if application is within 500m Includes rafting and Seabird Colonies congregating areas as well as colonies (MOU) R: Referral to WLAP required if application is within 100m (MOU) Wildlife Trees/ Heronries R: Where identified as a sensitive ecosystem, a provincial tenure is required for Invertebrate Habitat applications within 30m (MOU) M: species specific considerations Red/ Blue Species NC Parks, Ecological Reserves, Marine Protected Areas R: Address through referrals to MSRM: Archaeology and Registry Services Areas of significant heritage or cul- Branch and affected First Nations tural value

Table 33 Use/Resource Compatibility and Referral Requirements: Finfish Aquaculture Water Depth Salmon Stream (mouth) S: 1km from mouth of salmonid-bearing stream as determined to be significant by DFO and the Province (FMP) Clam/ Oyster Beach S: 125m /300m A minimum spacing of 125 m is required from all shellfish beds and commercial shellfish growing operations. (FMP) At least 300m must separate finfish aquaculture sites and inter-tidal shellfish beds that have regular or traditional use for First Nations, recreational or commercial fisheries where beds are exposed to water flow from a salmon farm. (FMP) Eelgrass Beds M - Where identified as sensitive (as defined by DFO and the province), fish habi- tat an appropriate siting distance will be determined by DFO and the Province. (FMP) Kelp Beds M - Where identified as sensitive (as defined by DFO and the province), fish habi- tat, an appropriate siting distance will be determined by DFO and the Province. (FMP) Rocky Reefs M - Where identified as sensitive(as defined by DFO and the province), fish habi- tat, an appropriate distance will be determined (FMP) Estuaries/ Lagoons M - Where identified as sensitive (as defined by DFO and the province), fish habi- tat, an appropriate distance will be determined by DFO and the Province (FMP) Salt Marshes and Mudflats M - Where identified as sensitive (as defined by DFO and the province), fish hab- itat, an appropriate distance will be determined by DFO and the Province (FMP) Seal/ Sea lion Haulout M - Appropriate distance from areas extensively used by marine mammals to be determined by DFO and the Province.(FMP) Whale Feeding Areas or Migration M - Appropriate distance from areas extensively used by marine mammals to be Pathways determined by DFO and the Province.(FMP) Eulachon Migration and Rearing M Herring Spawning and Migration 1km - Where herring spawning areas are designated as vital, major or important by DFO and the Province. (FMP) Waterfowl habitat - Seabird Colonies - Wildlife Trees/ Heronries - Invertebrate Habitat S - Where invertebrate habitat includes surveyed commercial dive fishery areas, siting should ensure that surveyed areas are not alienated from harvesting (FMP) Red/ Blue Species M - species specific considerations The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN

Parks, Ecological Reserves, Marine 1km - Siting not within line of sight up to 1km in all directions from existing or Protected Areas approved proposals for federal, provincial or regional parks and MPAs, existing or approved proposals for ecological reserves <1000ha (FMP) Areas of significant heritage or cul- R: Address through referrals to MSRM: Archaeology and Registry Services Branch tural value and affected First Nations Table 34 Use/Resource Compatibility and Referral Requirements: Log handling Storage and Infrastructure Water Depth S: Log handling and booming grounds require water depth at least 12m. (DFO MOU) S: Heli-log drop areas require water depth at least 20m and are not allowed to strike bottom when released. (DFO BMP) S: Log dumps must be located so that logs can be watered at any tide without grounding (MOU). Salmon Stream (mouth) S: 100m for log dumps, helicopter log dumps and booming areas (DFO BMP) Clam/ Oyster Beach NC eelgrass Beds NC Kelp Beds NC Rocky Reefs Estuaries/ Lagoons NC Salt Marshes and Mudflats NC Seal/ Sea lion Haulout NC Whale Feeding Areas or T: between May 15 and September 1 monitor whale beahaviour, temporarily stop Migration Pathways activity if whales approach within 300m of helicopter flight path or demonstrate markedly different behaviour Eulachon Migration and Rearing M: To be determined on a site by site basis (DFO BMP) Herring Spawning and Migration T: refer to DFO for timing windows associated with herring spawn activities Waterfowl habitat - Seabird Colonies Wildlife Trees/ Heronries 100m/ 300m (DFO BMP) Invertebrate Habitat Red/ Blue Species M: species specific considerations Parks, Ecological Reserves, NC Marine Protected Areas Areas of significant heritage or R: Address through referrals to MSRM: Archaeology and Registry Services Branch cultural value and affected First Nations Barge Sites At least 150m from shore with water depth of 9m and should never ground on a low low tide Table 35 Use/Resource Compatibility and Referral Requirements: Private Docks Water Depth M - Boats, floats and other floating structures should be located and firmly moored in deep water, far enough offshore to prevent grounding at low tide (MOU BMP) Salmon Stream (mouth) S: In the absence of a response from DFO, WLAP recommends a minimum sepa- ration of 100m from spawning areas Clam/ Oyster Beach S: In the absence of a response from DFO, WLAP recommends a minimum sepa- ration of 125m eelgrass Beds NC - Not compatible except where approved by DFO Kelp Beds NC - Not compatible except where approved by DFO 183 Rocky Reefs - Estuaries/ Lagoons S: In the absence of a response from DFO, WLAP recommends a minimum sepa- ration of 100m Table 36 Use/Resource Compatibility and Referral Requirements: Private Dock (cont…)s 184 Salt Marshes and Mudflats S: In the absence of a response from DFO, WLAP recommends a minimum sepa- ration of 30m Seal/ Sea lion Haulout S: In the absence of a response from DFO, WLAP recommends a minimum sepa- ration of 250m Whale Feeding Areas or Migration - Pathways Eulachon Migration and Rearing - Herring Spawning and Migration - Waterfowl habitat - Seabird Colonies S: In the absence of a response from DFO, WLAP recommends a minimum sepa- ration of 500m a from seabird colony, 100m from seabird congregating areas Wildlife Trees/ Heronries - Invertebrate Habitat - Red/ Blue Species - Parks, Ecological Reserves, Marine NC Protected Areas Areas of significant heritage or R: Address through referrals to MSRM: Archaeology and Registry Services Branch cultural value and affected First Nations Table 36 Use/Resource Compatibility and Referral Requirements: Communication Sites Water Depth - Salmon Stream (mouth) 30m Clam/ Oyster Beach - Eelgrass Beds - Kelp Beds - Rocky Reefs - Estuaries/ Lagoons 30m Salt Marshes and Mudflats - Seal/ Sea lion Haulout 200m Whale Feeding Areas or Migration Pathways Eulachon Migration and Rearing Herring Spawning and Migration Waterfowl habitat Seabird Colonies NC - no overlap with seabird colonies accepted except in critical situations where no other option exists. Referral required (MOU) Wildlife Trees/ Heronries 100m Invertebrate Habitat Red/ Blue Species Parks, Ecological Reserves, Marine Protected Areas Areas of significant heritage or cultural value The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN

Table 37 Use/Resource Compatibility and Referral Requirements: Private/Public Utilities Water Depth Salmon Stream (mouth) 30m - Distance specified for salmonid spawning areas Clam/ Oyster Beach 60m Eelgrass Beds 30m Kelp Beds Rocky Reefs Estuaries/ Lagoons 60m Salt Marshes and Mudflats NC Seal/ Sea lion Haulout 100m Whale Feeding Areas or Migration Pathways Eulachon Migration and Rearing Herring Spawning and Migration Waterfowl habitat Seabird Colonies 300m - Alternately installation to occur outside of nesting/rearing period. Wildlife Trees/ Heronries 100m Invertebrate Habitat Red/ Blue Species Parks, Ecological Reserves, Marine Protected Areas Areas of significant heritage or cultural value Table 38 Use/Resource Compatibility and Referral Requirements: Floating Lodges and Base Camps Water Depth Salmon Stream (mouth) 30m 60m 300m - 30 m buffer for streams except stream approaches and cross- ings; 60m buffer specified for salmonid spawning areas. 300m specified for grizzly and/or black bear fishing sites. (MOU) 15m30m - Spacing specified for sanitary and domestic waste facilities. 15m sepa- ration is the minimum acceptable buffer for self-contained or composting facili- ties, 30m for all others. Clam/ Oyster Beach 60m 150m - 150m distance required for docks and outfalls (MOU) 15m30m - Spacing specified for sanitary and domestic waste facilities. 15m sepa- ration is the minimum acceptable buffer for self-contained or composting facili- ties, 30m for all others. Eelgrass Beds NC Kelp Beds 30m - Where identified as a sensitive ecosystem (MOU) Rocky Reefs 30m - Where identified as a sensitive ecosystem (MOU) Estuaries/ Lagoons 30m - Raised walkways may be acceptable (MOU) Salt Marshes and Mudflats 30m Seal/ Sea lion Haulout Whale Feeding Areas or Migration Pathways Eulachon Migration and Rearing Herring Spawning and Migration Waterfowl habitat Seabird Colonies 200m 185 Table 39 Use/Resource Compatibility and Referral Requirements: Floating Lodges and Base Camps (cont…) 186 Wildlife Trees/ Heronries 100m/ 200m - 200m for heronries (MOU) Invertebrate Habitat Red/ Blue Species Parks, Ecological Reserves, Marine Protected Areas Areas of significant heritage or cultural value Table 39 Use/Resource Compatibility and Referral Requirements: Floating Lodges and Base Camps Water Depth Salmon Stream (mouth) 15m 30m - Spacing specified for sanitary and domestic waste facilities. 15m sep- aration is the minimum acceptable buffer for self-contained or composting facili- ties, 30m for all others. Clam/ Oyster Beach 15m30m - Spacing specified for sanitary and domestic waste facilities. 15m sepa- ration is the minimum acceptable buffer for self-contained or composting facili- ties, 30m for all others. Eelgrass Beds Kelp Beds Rocky Reefs Estuaries/ Lagoons NC - Kayak landing sites should be located away from estuaries and lagoons. Landing sites should be located and used in a way to minimize physical and bio- logical impacts to the foreshore (MOU BMP) Salt Marshes and Mudflats NC - Kayak landing sites should be located away from salt marshes. Landing sites should be located and used in a way to minimize physical and biological impacts to the foreshore (MOU BMP) Seal/ Sea lion Haulout Whale Feeding Areas or Migration Pathways Eulachon Migration and Rearing Herring Spawning and Migration Waterfowl habitat Seabird Colonies Wildlife Trees/ Heronries Invertebrate Habitat Red/ Blue Species Parks, Ecological Reserves, Marine Protected Areas Areas of significant heritage or cultural value The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN 187 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn EFERENCES o /R J e Th UIDELINES G protection of fish during the works. of fish during protection at sediment control to measures implementing construction sites. IST OF Habitat Compensation – this is an option when – this is an option Compensation Habitat still considered on habitat are impacts of projects or mitigation redesign harmful after relocation, implemented. Compensation is been options have critical habitats an option for loss of not considered compensation where considered and should only be is achievable. for loss of critical habitat N N L information can be found in the Additional following: of Fish Habitat the Management Policy for http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/canwaters-eauxcan/ infocentre/legislation-lois/policies/fhm-policy/ index_e.asp the Determination and for Decision Framework Disruption or Alteration, Authorization of Harmful Destruction of Fish Habitat http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/canwaters-eauxcan/ infocentre/guidelinesconseils/guides/hadd/index_e.asp Attaining No Net Loss Guidelines for http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/canwaters-eauxcan/ infocentre/guidelinesconseils/guides/fhmcons/ index_e.asp Habitat Conservation Guidelines and Protection eauxcan/ http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/canwaters infocentre/guidelinesconseils/guides/fhmguide/ index_e.asp Erosion Shoreline Marine Guide to Preventing http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/publications/pdf/ erosion_e.pdf Marine Guide to Small Boat Launches http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/publications/pdf/ launches_e.pdf Marine Guide to Small Boat Moorage http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/publications/pdf/ moorage_e.pdf Marina Development Facilities Log Handling Sustainable Environmentally Columbia in British http://www.stewardshipcentre.bc.ca/sc_bc/stew_ series/Pdf/LHFBMPs.pdf which Habitat Habitat prohibits any activity that any activity that prohibits for the harmful alteration, for the harmful alteration, – DFO prefers to maintain – DFO prefers – If relocation is impossible, the relocation – If Fisheries Act Fisheries – Project relocation and/or redesign are are and/or redesign relocation – Project Fisheries Act Fisheries utilizing appropriate timing windows for work in for work timing windows utilizing appropriate and streams. estuaries, the marine environment utilizing the least harmful equipment/materials/ construction methods. N N The federal The federal disruption destruction or of fish habitat. for the to the issuance of an authorization Prior disruptionharmful alteration, or destruction of fish by is guided Manager Habitat habitat, the DFO Habitat of Fish for the Management Policy Canada’s Policy guidelines. Canada’s related as several as well overall Habitat’s of Fish for the Management gain of habitat for a net is to achieve objective This is to be achieved Resource. Fisheries Canada’s the conservationthrough following of existing habitat productive the guiding principle of no net loss of and restoration habitat capacity of habitats, through of fish habitat. the development the and if it appears that is reviewed When a project capacity cannot be habitat productive current options may be maintained, a series of management for habitat conservation considered and protection. described in the These options are 1998 Guidelines Conservation and Protection Appendix 6: DFO Site Specific Assessment Considerations Assessment Specific Site DFO 6: Appendix disruption the harmful alteration, in or results destruction As the preservation of fish habitat. of fish with other important competes habitat sometimes natural resource activities, such as economic the destruction development, of fish habitat the damage to fish cases where In sometimes occurs. is required the proponent avoided, habitat cannot be for under that is provided to obtain an authorization the federal natural habitat as much as possible and to avoid impacts. negative Redesign Project the project. next option is to redesign Mitigation provide for three options in order of priority. These of priority. options in order for three provide options are: Relocation Project not always feasible and, when feasible, they may not be sufficient to completely eliminate impacts on fish these situations mitigative In habitat productivity. to be implemented during project have measures is planning, design, construction and/or operation. It mitigation to prepare of proponents the responsibility include plans. Commonly used mitigation measures but is not limited to: COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 188 Table 40BestManagement Practices Water QualityGuidelines Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial Stewardship Marine Industrial Industrial Industrial Forestry Agriculture Industrial Agriculture/ Agriculture Categor Use y Asphalt Preparation Exposed Concrete Concrete Operations Practice Codeof Concrete Industry Water Concrete Wash Exposed Aggregate Automotive Recycling Automobile Recycling Cement Truck Water Wash Washing Commercial Car& Truck Fish Processing Plants Fish Processing Plants Boating Guide Repair Ship/ BoatBuilding& Repair Ship/ BoatBuilding& Marina/ Boatyard Application Forestry Herbicide Golf Course Operations Dairy Non-Point Source Pollution Focus 1996 Operators inthe Lower Fraser Basin. for Asphalt Preparation Operation Technical Pollution Prevention Guide the Lower FraserBasin for ExposedConcrete Operationsin Technical Pollution Prevention Guide for ReadyMixConcrete Operations Technical Pollution Prevention Guide update. Environmental CodeofPractice. 1993 Ready MixConcrete Industry Water. BestManagementPractices. Concrete Wash-OffExposed Aggregate in BC for the Automotive RecyclingIndustry Technical Pollution Prevention Guide British Columbia. 1996. in Automobile RecyclingIndustry Environmental Protection for the Trucks.Delivery 1999. Truck Water from Cement Wash Operation Procedure toRecycle Car and Truck Wash Facilities. 1995. Prevention Practicesfor Commercial Chemical UseandPollution Fraser Basin. 1995. Processing Operationsinthe Lower of Pollution Prevention Plansfor Fish Technical Guidefor theDevelopment Columbia. 1994. Fish Processing PlantsinBritish for Process Water Managementfor Guide for BestManagementPractices Boaterís Guide. 1997. Protecting the Aquatic Environment. A Document 1995. in BritishColumbia. Background and BoatBuildingRepairIndustry Best ManagementPracticesfor Ship in BritishColumbia. 1995. and BoatBuildingRepairIndustry Best ManagementPracticesfor Ship Columbia. 1995. Marinas andSmallBoatyards inBritish Best ManagementPracticesfor Columbia. 1992. Forestry HerbicidesinCoastalBritish Glyphosphate andOtherSelected and FishHabitatDuringUseof Guidelines for theProtection ofFish 1996. Guide toEnvironmental Management. Greening your BCGolfCourse. A the Lower FraserBasin. 1996. Processingfor Operationsin Dairy Technical Pollution Prevention Guide Source ofPollution Agriculture: Non-point anImportant Guideline FRAP FRAP FRAP FRAP BCRMCA FRAP FRAP FRAP FRAP FRAP FRAP CCG FRAP FRAP FRAP DFO-WQ FRAP FRAP FRAP Source FRAP/9506.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/ FRAP/9523.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/ FRAP/9420.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/ obs/pae/ENGLISH.PDF http://www.pacific.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/ FRAP/9515.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/ FRAP/9514.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/ FRAP/9516.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/ 604-666-6371 Contact DFORegionalLibrary FRAP/9626.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/ FRAP/9611.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/ FRAP/S_47.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/ Website FRAP/9612.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/ Not Available FRAP/9713.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/ FRAP/9326.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/ pdf Exposed%20Agg%20Brochure. http://www.bcrmca.bc.ca/ Not Available FRAP/9602.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/ Not Available 189 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto Contact DFO Regional Contact DFO Library1-604-666-6371 http://wlapwww.gov.bc.ca/wat/ wq/bmps/roadsalt.html Revised Being Currently Contact Pat Lim 1-604-666-6529 http://www.rem.sfu.ca/ FRAP/9702.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/ FRAP/9720.pdf Not Available http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo. gc.ca/publications/pdf/wood_ residue_bg_e.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/ FRAP/9714.pdf http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo. gc.ca/publications/pdf/guide- lines/treated_wood_ guidelines_e.pdf http://www.gvrd.bc.ca/servic- es/water/chlorlin/flushing.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/FRAP/ gqpp.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/FRAP/ p&s.pdf http://www.rem.sfu.ca/ FRAP/9703.pdf Victoria library - Provincial http://wlapwww.gov.bc.ca/epd/ epdpa/mpp/stormwater/ stormwater.html Victoria library - Provincial http://wlapwww.gov.bc.ca/wat/ wq/wqhome.html - guidelines http://www.ccme.ca/assets/pdf/ e1_06.pdf hn o J e DFO-WQ BC MWALP DFO-WQ FRAP FRAP FRAP HEB pub. FRAP HEB pub. GVRD FRAP FRAP FRAP BC MOE of Province B.C. CCME Th Road Maintenance Activities and the Activities and Road Maintenance Document to A Guidance Act. Fisheries 1997. Conflict. Avoiding for Winter Maintenance Road Salt and Municipalities B.C. of Fish the Protection Guidelines for Bridge and Fish Habitat During in British Maintenance Operations 1991. Columbia. Guide Prevention Pollution Technical Fraser in the Lower Foundries for 1997. Basin. Guide Prevention Pollution Technical Winery Operations in and Brewery for 1997. Fraser Basin. the Lower Guide Prevention Pollution Technical and U-Brew Brew Micro for Fraser Basin Operations in the Lower (in production) Mitigation of Fisheries Impacts From Residue Wood the Use and Disposal of Yukon. in British Columbia and the 1999. Guide Prevention Pollution Technical Preservation Wood Pressure for Fraser Basin. Facilities in the Lower 1997. Fish and Fish Guidelines to Protect Used in Wood Treated Habitat from Pacific in the Aquatic Environment the 2000. Region. Pigging Best Management Practices for 1997. Mains. Water and Flushing Quality Protection Groundwater Practices and Pure Septic System Maintenance. Simple. Stormwater Best Management practic- Selected Industrial Sectors in the es for 1997. Fraser Basin. Lower Urban Runoff Quality Control 1992. British Columbia. Guidelines for A Guidebook for Stormwater Planning: British Columbia Field Sampling Guideline Pollution BC Quality Standards Water Quality Water Summary of Canadian Guidelines. Focus Guideline Source Website Road Maintenance Road Salting Bridge Maintenance Foundry WineryBrewery/ and U-Brew Brew Micro Wood Disposal of Byproducts Preservation Wood Treatment Wood Guidelines Main Cleaning Water Water Ground Protection Septic Systems Stormwater & Industry Urban Stormwater Stormwater Sampling Guide Quality Guidelines Water Quality Guidelines. Water y Industrial/ Urban Development Local Govt. Rural/ Urban Development Rural/ Urban Development Industrial Development Urban/ Rural Urban/ Rural All Categories Info. Reference Info. Reference Industrial Industrial Highways/ Urban Highways/ Development Local Highways/ Govt. Urban Highways/ Development Industrial Industrial Industrial Use Categor COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 190 Stewardship Guidelines Categor Use Stewardship Home for thePublic Newsletter Protection Habitat Urban/ Rural Groups Conservation and For Individuals Agriculture Development Urban/Rural Development Urban/Rural Development Urban/Rural Stewardship Urban/ Rural Stewardship Urban/ Rural Stewardship Urban/ Rural Stewardship Urban/ Rural Stewardship Urban/ Rural Stewardship Urban/ Rural Stewardship Urban/ Rural y Homeowners Stewadship Stories Local Government Stewardship Wetland Protection and Agricultural Practices For Planners/Developers For IndividualLandowners Districts Municipalities andRegional Opportunities Steward -ship Opportunities Steward -ship Covenants etc. Land Acquisition/ Opportunities Steward -ship Opportunities Steward -ship Nature Corridors ways Development nearwater ou udln oreWebsite Source Guideline Focus Home Tips for Healthy Streams Newsletter StreamTalk -theCommunity Program’s Habitats by LocalGovernments (1995) Protection of Aquatic andRiparian guide towetland care Wetlandkeepers Handbook: apractical Agriculture Watershed Stewardship - A Guidefor Stream Stewardship owners inBritishColumbia Stewardship Options: for privateland government Stewardship Bylaws: aguidefor local 94 Stewardship ‘ Naturescape Green Legacies Columbia Landowner ContactGuideFor British establishing your own group Community Stewardship: aguideto andpeopletonature nities tocountry Community Greenways:linking commu- ment sensitive planning, designandmanage- Access near Aquatic Areas: aguideto “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ ship Series Steward - hometips_2000_e.pdf gc.ca/publications/pdf/ http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo. asp?sProv=bc&sProduct=3674 bc.ca/sri/sridisplay. http://www.stewardshipcentre. 1-604-666-6371 Contact DFORegionalLibrary wetland.pdf bc.ca/sc_bc/stew_series/pdf/ http://www.stewardshipcentre. pdf bc.ca/sc_bc/stew_series/pdf/ag. http://www.stewardshipcentre. pdf bc.ca/sc_bc/stew_series/pdf/ssg. http://www.stewardshipcentre. options.pdf bc.ca/sc_bc/stew_series/pdf/ http://www.stewardshipcentre. bylaws.pdf bc.ca/sc_bc/stew_series/pdf/ http://www.stewardshipcentre. steward.pdf bc.ca/sc_bc/stew_series/pdf/ http://www.stewardshipcentre. stewseries.asp bc.ca/sc_bc/stew_series/bc_ http://www.stewardshipcentre. resourcesOrder.asp bc.ca/green_legacies_web/ http://www.stewardshipcentre. contact.pdf bc.ca/sc_bc/stew_series/pdf/ http://www.stewardshipcentre. comstew.pdf bc.ca/sc_bc/stew_series/pdf/ http://www.stewardshipcentre. pdf bc.ca/sc_bc/stew_series/pdf/cg. http://www.stewardshipcentre. access2.pdf bc.ca/sc_bc/stew_series/pdf/ http://www.stewardshipcentre. 191 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto Website Website http://www.ceaa.gc.ca/ http://www.ncr.dfo.ca/commu- nic/policy/dnload_e.htm LibraryContact DFO Regional 1-604-666-6371 http://www.ncr.dfo.ca/habitat/ c&pguide/index_e.asp http://www.ncr.dfo.ca/habitat/ Policy/index_e.asp http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo. gc.ca/habitat_policy/hablaw_ article/hablaw_e.htm http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo. gc.ca/publications/pdf/fish_hab_ law_e.pdf http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/habi- tat/law_req/index_e.asp http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/habi- tat/GuideLin/english/index_e. htm http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ Habitat/HADD/english/index_e. htm http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo. gc.ca/Habitat_policy/bulletins_e. htm http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo. gc.ca/publications/pdf/guide- lines/fishscreen_intake_e.pdf http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/habi- tat/explosguide/english/index_e. htm http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo. gc.ca/publications/pdf/ erosion_e.pdf http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo. gc.ca/publications/pdf/ launches_e.pdf http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo. gc.ca/publications/pdf/ moorage_e.pdf Contact DFO Regional Library 1-604-666-6371 http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/habi- tat/media/dock-primer/ dock_01_e.asp http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/habi- tat/media/shore-primer/ shore_01_e.asp http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo. gc.ca/publications/pdf/ypa_e.pdf hn o J e Federal Federal Govt. “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ DFO “ “ “ DFO DFO DFO DFO DFO DFO DFO Source Source Th Miscellaneous Guideline Guideline Freshwater Intake End-of-Pipe Fish Intake Freshwater Guideline Screen in the use of explosives Guidelines for or near Canadian fisheries waters Shoreline Marine Guide to Preventing Erosion Marine Guide to Small Boat Launches Marine Guide to Small Boat Moorage Guidelines for Marina Development of Fish and Fish Habitat, the Protection 1995 guide A cottager’s The Dock Primer - docks to waterfront-friendly guide A cottager’s Primer - The Shore waterfront to a healthy Authorization & Placer Yukon Supporting Documents 1993 Canadian Environmental Assessment Canadian Environmental Act (CEAA) orders acts, Act (and related Fisheries & regulations) and DFO Habitat Protection Conservation 1986/1994 Guidelines Habitat Conservation and Protection Guidelines -1998 the Management of for National Policy Fish Habitat Act with the Fisheries Complying Fish Habitat Law Canada’s Requires What the Law Attaining No Net Loss Guidelines for the for Decision Framework Authorization of Determination and Disruption or Alteration, Harmful Destruction (HADD) of Fish Habitat Bulletins Habitat Enforcement Focus Focus Protection of Fish from of Fish from Protection impingement using screens Explosives Erosion Shoreline Boat Launches Boat Moorage/ Docks Marina Development Docks Stewardship Waterfront Placer Authorization Environment Assessment Assessment Environment Legislation Process including Habitat Provisions Protection Habitat Protection Habitat Protection Policy Habitat Protection about the Information Fisheries Act Includes Habitat Sections Act of the Fisheries with the to Comply How Fisheries Act No Net Loss Policy HADD Framework Case Habitat Prosecution Law y y Use Categor Use Categor Habitat Guidelines Freshwater/ Freshwater/ Urban/Rural/ Indusrtrial/ local governments Industrial Foreshore Development Foreshore Development Foreshore Development Foreshore Development Rural Development Rural Development Placer Mining Bulletin for Bulletin for DFO/ Public For DFO/ public For DFO/ public For DFO/ public For DFO/ public For DFO/ public For For Brochure Public For Brochure Public the Public For DFO/ public For DFO For Legislation, Regulation and Policy Guidelines Policy and Regulation Legislation, COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 192 Watercourses Watercourses Forest Industry Forest Industry Forest Industry Forest Industry Forest Industry Forest Industry Freshwater Urban/Rural Development Urban/Rural Industrial Freshwater/ Mining Placer Mining Habitat Guidelines Categor Use y Restoration Inventory Pesticide Application Landslides Watershed Assessment Fish/ Forestry Guidelines Stream Crossing Forest PracticesCode Location Information Fish HabitatConservation Land Development Hydro Development Brochure Fish HabitatProtection Guidelines ou udln oreWebsite Source Guideline Focus and Restoration Techniques etc. Assessment Procedures, Monitoring Assessment, ExperimentalDesigns, Series: SkillsI.D., FishHabitat Watershed RestorationProgram Lake andStream Inventory Standards Guide Pesticide Application Terrain Guide for Mgmt. OfLandslide-Prone Procedure Guidebook(CWAP) Watershed Assessment Coastal B.C. Fisheries/Forestry Guidelines Stream Crossing Guidelines Assessment, TerrainStability Stream I.D., RoadEngineering, Channel Mgmt., SiteDisturbance, Fishand Series Riparian, Biodiversity, Gully Forest PracticesCodeGuidebook Where and When toSeeSalmon Guidebook for Participants Populations andtheirHabitat. A Planning: BCFish Conserving Watershed-Based Fish Sustainability Protection of Aquatic Habitat Land Development Guidelinesfor the #20931991 Report Vol 2, InlandFisheriesManuscript Resources in BritishColumbia,Fishery Hydroelectric Developments on Impacts oftheOperationExisting Fish Habitat&Mining B.C. PlacerMiningGuidelines B.C. Province of MOE MOF MOF B.C. Province of B.C. Province of B.C. Province of B.C. Province of DFO B.C./DFO DFO DFO DFO Provincial - library Victoria Provincial - library Victoria Provincial - library Victoria Provincial - library Victoria cwaptoc.htm legsregs/fpc/fpcguide/coastal/ http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/tasb/ Provincial - library Victoria Provincial - library Victoria Guidetoc.htm legsregs/fpc/FPCGuide/ http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/tasb/ when_to_see_e.pdf gc.ca/publications/pdf/where- http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo. ability_planning_e.pdf gc.ca/publications/pdf/sustain- http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo. pdf bc.ca/sc_bc/stew_series/pdf/ldg. http://www.stewardshipcentre. hydro_e.pdf gc.ca/publications/pdf/impacts_ http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo. tat_and_mining_e.pdf gc.ca/publications/pdf/fish_habi- http://www-heb.pac.dfo-mpo. 1-604-666-6371 Contact DFORegionalLibrary 193 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn o mitigation J Subsection 35(2) Subsection Subsection 35(2) Subsection 35(2) Subsection 35(2) Subsection 35(2) e Authorization not issued Authorization not issued Letter of Advice specifying Letter of Authorization not required Authorization Authorization not required Authorization not required. Th Source: DFO Habitat Conservation and Protection Guidelines, 1988 Guidelines, Conservation DFO Habitat and Protection Source: No No No No Ye s No Feasibility Suitability Capability Ye s Ye s Ye s Acceptability be authorized compensated? of fish habitat? fully mitigated? Resources and Values and Resources 4. Should the HADD 4. 5. Can the HADD be 5. project cause HADD cause project 3. Can the impacts be 3. 2. Could the proposed 2. 1. Is fish habitat present? Is fish habitat 1. productive capacity (if required) productive Ye s affected by the proposed undertaking or work affected by the proposed letter of advice or authorization to harmfully alter habitat. Conduct site impact assessments to determine if the site is “capable” of if the site is Conduct site impact assessments to determine supporting the proposed use without creating a HADD (harmful alteration, use without creating supporting the proposed disruption or destruction) or residual net loss in habitat productive capacity net loss in habitat productive disruption or destruction) or residual Private sector proforma (proponents develop business case, develop (proponents Private sector proforma financing, secure Refine capability by analyzing adequacy of mitigation to avoid a HADD of fish habitat avoid Refine capability by analyzing adequacy of mitigation to Project Proposal Project maintain the productive capacity of the site.maintain the productive notification or issues a DFO simply requires Identify and map critical habitats and ecologically significant areas at the site that could be significant areas Identify and map critical habitats and ecologically Determination that mitigation and/or compensation will be sufficient to prevent a HADD and Determination that mitigation and/or compensation will be sufficient to prevent at the site. NNL (no net loss) in habitat to achieve Examine options for habitat compensation examine profitability etc) based on appropriate and acceptable site selection for the development on appropriate etc) based examine profitability Subsection 35(2) compensation is specified. Authorization issued, once once Authorization issued, DFO Decision-making Flowchart Respecting Approval of Works Works of Approval Respecting Flowchart Decision-making DFO DFO Determination of Use Acceptability at the Site Scale DFO Determination of Use COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 194 The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN Appendix 7: Legislation and Regulations

Act /Responsible Authority Coastal Management Agency

BC Land Act Governs uses of Crown lands through The Act governs the initial, key decisions to Ministry of Water, Land and planning, leasing (e.g., aquaculture and allow any new or continuing activity on Air Protection shellfish harvesting), issuing easements (i.e., nearshore Crown land. Under the BC Land pipelines, power cables, etc.) or licensing to Act, authorities may prevent or allow uses that Land and Water BC Inc. occupy (i.e., wharves, etc.) and setting policy impact nearshore. It can be used to authorize for the disposition of Crown lands (i.e., sale the commitment of coastal areas for or reservation). conservation under other statutes (e.g., The Act provides that Crown land below the Municipal Act, Park Act, Wildlife Act, etc.). natural boundary of a body of water must not Approval must be obtained before any building be disposed of by Crown Grant, except by on or altering of upland, foreshore and order of the Lieutenant Governor in Council intertidal areas. Recent changes in government (i.e., almost all of the land below high tide legislation have moved the responsibility of remains the property of the provincial day-to-day administration of land disposition Crown). from MWALP to the Land and Water BC Inc. (LWBC) including approving Crown land reserves, tenures and sale of Crown land. MWALP is now responsible for recommending and administering Crown land disposition and land-use legislation and policies. BC Land Title Act Regulates the registration of legal title for and Provisions of the Act require the dedication of subdivision of all lands. Provides authority for public access to marine water when waterfront Ministry of Water, Land and the registration of covenants against a title land is subdivided. Covenants can be used to Air Protection and the designation of conservation protect habitats by landowners, Crown Land and Water BC Inc. organizations authorized to enter into agencies and designated conservation organizations. Regulates game harvest limits and methods, BC Wildlife Act The Act contains limited prohibitions against the import, export, possession or transport of the damage or destruction to wildlife habitat, Ministry of Water, Land and wildlife or disturbance of wildlife. It including the nests of birds and lands within a Air Protection authorizes the purchase of private land and Wildlife Management Area. There is no the creation of Wildlife Management Areas requirement to list endangered or threatened and Wildlife Sanctuaries. It provides for the species or to protect their habitats. New law to designation of endangered or threatened control the introduction and possession of vertebrates and the protection of their habitats alien species is under consideration. within a Critical Wildlife Management Area. BC Park Act Authorizes securing land for provincial parks; The Act is one of the main avenues for the regulates all uses in provincial parks. province to establish Marine Protected Areas. Ministry of Water, Land and Previous marine park development has Air Protection generally been for recreational purposes. However, BC Parks Conservation Management: Part One Conservation Program Policies for marine systems provides a strong conservation Focus for new parks. The Act strictly controls and limits impact on habitats in parks and recreation areas. However, the Act does not have the authority to establish strict no-taking of fish (i.e., establish refugia capability).

195 COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 196 Services Aboriginal and Women’s ofCommunity,Ministry Local Government Act Appendix 7:LegislationandRegulations Cont… Ministry ofForestsMinistry Forest Practices Code Act Agency Act /Responsible Interpretation Act andsubtidallandssubjecttothe intertidal Local governments have jurisdictionover oragriculture.lands designatedforforestry Local government powers are limitedover regulator oflanduse. and canbetheprimary provincial government retains seniorauthority local jurisdiction(i.e.Indian Reserves). The own purpose.Federal landsare notsubjectto province prerogative where usinglandsforits 4 oftheInterpretation Act whichgives the regulation ofCrown landissubjecttoSection lands. However, thelocalgovernment Local government authorityappliestoall jurisdiction. development approval, intheir andservicing use planning,regulation (i.e.zoning), governments toexercise authorityover land The Act authorizes municipalandregional provided undersection216. lands are notgoverned by the codeexcept as under the wilderness areas andprivate landslicenced applies toallCrown landinprovincial forests, used toregulate forest practicesinBC.It regulations, standards andguidebookstobe This lawconsistsofenablinglegislation, flooding. watercourses andtocontrol soilremoval and used toprotect shorelines, trees, wetlands and Powersconservation. tocreate bylaws canbe designation oflandsforopenspaceor Community Plans (OCPs) affords the biodiversity. The authoritytodevelop Official the naturalenvironment, itsecosystemsand protection, restoration andenhancementof 1997 enableslocalgovernments toaddress the growth amendmentin strategies.Afurther goals toguidethedevelopment ofregional level. The amendmentincluded provincial strategies tocontrol growth attheregional municipalities withaframeworkforcreating regional districtsandtheirmember Local Government Act in2000toprovide The provincial government amendedthe Authority Forest Act . ofBC.Other private set underthe must meetprovincial waterqualityobjectives nearshore orotherhabitats,althoughthey not compelledtoprotect, restore orenhance damage hasoccurred. Localgovernments are authorities onlyprovide forredress after impacts whereas manyfederalandprovincial Local authoritiescanprevent environmental regulate works sewage andwasteremoval. parks andheritageconservation. They canalso governments canbuysensitive habitatsfor or subdivision.Municipalities andregional alteration,changeofuse applies forastructural nonconforming untilsuchtimeasalandowner effect, existingusescancontinueas municipality. Where bylaws new comeinto covenantsubject toaconservation heldby the landowners from taxonriparianland property development. Municipalities canexempt covered by impermeablematerialsinany andstormwatertolimitthearearun-off developments, toprovide disposalofsurface assess environmental impactsofproposed habitats. OCPs canrequire proponents to wetlands andtoregulate usesaround sensitive zoning canbeusedtocreate buffersaround use canaffectnearshore habitats.For example, impact nearshore habitatorotherlandswhose Land usezoning canpositively ornegatively (MSZ) canbeprotected through specific forest and areas classifiedasMarine Sensitive Zones specifically addressed inthecode,butestuaries Coastalhabitatsare not timber harvesting. zones withdifferent levels ofprotection from or incommunitywatersheds. RMAs contain Areas (RMA)around fish-bearing waterbodies code isusedtoestablishRiparian Management visual values andwildernesspreservation. The watershed assessments,biodiversity protection, inventories, terrainhazard, soilstabilityand as riparianprotection andmanagementareas, relative toacceptedenvironmental criteriasuch engineering, silviculture andsoilconservation roadThe codeaddresses timberharvesting, or forotherformsofcompensation. federal orprovincial governments tobuyland likely torequest from the financialsupport provincial Localgovernments support. are address habitatinterests, andrequire federalor orfinancialresourcesthe staffexpertise to Generally, mostlocalgovernments donot have Coastal Management BC Waste Management Ac t. 197 COASTAL PLAN ute B Mineral Mineral and e - e n sto hn o J e Th Coastal Management Coastal Tenure Act, Coal Act, Mines Act Mines Coal Act, Act, Tenure associated Mineral Exploration Code contain Exploration associated Mineral and for recognizing provisions strong minimizing potential impacts on the wildlife and other special values. environment, practices. MSZs must be identified in forest in forest must be identified practices. MSZs the code. under plans required development as soon as they are legally binding MSZs are Area Management The Riparian approved. for sets guidelines (RMAG) Guidebook those for log practices in MSZs, including of and the treatment handling in marine areas The RMAG values. MSZs as downstream reserve where classifications outlines stream located. are zones and management zones of the provisions practices The general forest to the reference code and the specific of resource identification and protection by not protected apply to coastal areas features in coastal habitats features a MSZ. Sensitive resource as “known need to be recognized to the attention of the and brought features” for inclusion in forest Ministry of Forests shellfish harvestingpractices (e.g., commercial recognized). now are areas A moratorium on oil, gas and mineral coast, established in exploration off B.C.’s The federal and in place. 1972, remains reached not yet have governments provincial of those on the development agreement revenues. to share and how resources exploration and and subsequent Staking activities may occur on coastal development The lands under the Act. nearshore . Mineral Tenure Act Tenure Mineral Authority Mineral rights exclude earth, soil, marl, peat, rights exclude Mineral used for construction and rock sand, gravel purpose. a federal and provincial is currently There moratorium on the exploration and oil and gas deposits of offshore development has suspended the issuance and the Province sub over of mineral, placer and coal tenure tidal and intertidal lands. Regulates the exploration, development, the exploration, development, Regulates of mining operations. operation and closure for those required or licences are Permits of a the creation authorizes The Act activities. costs of the fund to cover mine reclamation fails to do the owner where mine reclamation of security to mitigate impacts The posting so. a mine can be and to reclaim to watercourses required. grants surface and subsurface The Province land of private parcels Some rights separately. included subsurfacegranted in earlier years owns the most part,the Province rights. For all mineral rights on what is generally called "mineral lands" which includes both private and companies land. Individuals and Crown the Province. these rights from may acquire Titles the Mineral issued by rights are Mineral of the Ministry and Mines of Energy Branch to the according Act /Responsible Act /Responsible Agency Mineral Tenure Act Tenure Mineral Ministry and Mines of Energy BC Mines Act BC Mines Ministry and Mines of Energy Appendix 7: Legislation and Regulations Cont…

198 Act /Responsible Authority Coastal Management Agency

Animal Disease Control Act The Act, administered by the Provincial Limiting the spread of contagious diseases in Ministry of Agriculture, Food Veterinarian, provides a statutory authority to aquaculture operations decreases the risk of and Fisheries limit the spread of contagious diseases in infection of wild fish stocks in the vicinity and animals, including aquatic animals. also increases the economic sustainability of Discussed are the duties and powers of the industry and the coastal communities to inspectors appointed under the Act, which it contributes. obligations of owners of animals and quarantine procedures. Farm Practices Protection The Act enables farmers to farm in These provisions help to ensure sustainable (Right to Farm) Act agricultural land reserves or on licenced management of the aquaculture industries, by Ministry of Agriculture, Food aquaculture sites by exempting them from ensuring a cooperative arrangement for land and Fisheries nuisance lawsuits, nuisance bylaws and use regulation between local governments, prohibitive injunctions if they employ normal industry and the provincial government. The farm practices. It also ensures that a local complaint resolution process also provides an government may not restrict normal farm efficient and cost-effective way to ensure that activities without approval from the Minister marine aquaculture activities adhere to normal of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries. The Act farm practices, thereby contributing to the establishes a complaint resolution process, social sustainability of coastal communities. which includes the establishment of a Farm The complaint resolution process could also be Practices Board. The Minister may also used as a vehicle to address and mitigate publish and distribute standards in relation to microbial contamination of shellfish growing farming areas, including licenced aquaculture areas from upland agricultural pollution. sites, for the guidance of local governments in preparing rural land use bylaws, zoning and other bylaws. Local governments may also make bylaws to regulate of farm activities subject to approval of the Minister of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries Farming and Fishing The purpose of the Act is to enable producers While not directly related to the management Industries Development Act of commodities of farming and fishing of coastal resources, this Act affects the Ministry of Agriculture, Food industries to collect levies approved by the economic sustainability of seafood industries and Fisheries Lieutenant Governor in Council. The on the coast, thereby affecting the Minister can establish a council to administer sustainability of coastal communities. the levied funds for the benefit of industry by way of market development, promotion and research. Fish Inspection Act The Act ensures quality and wholesomeness This ensures that efforts are made throughout Ministry of Agriculture, Food in the fish industry by providing the authority the production line to maintain high food and Fisheries to regulate activities concerning the handling, quality. Given that the quality of the food processing, storing, grading, packaging, depends to a significant degree on the quality marking, transporting, marketing and of the seafood-growing environment, the inspection of fish and fish products. The seafood industries will seek growing and regulations ensure that fish processed and sold harvesting areas that have high quality. This within British Columbia have met specific influences the land allocation process because a requirements. variety of other resource users in addition to the seafood industries often compete for sites in a high quality environment, necessitating careful and equitable resource planning and allocation at local and site-specific scales. The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN The J o hnston e - B ute COASTAL PLAN

Act /Responsible Authority Coastal Management Agency

Fish Protection Act The Act is primarily implemented by the Maintaining fish habitat on upland areas helps Ministry of Water, Land and Ministry of Water Land and Air Protection, to ensure the quality of coastal environments Air Protection and protects the province’s fisheries resource as well as the sustainability of anadromous fish. by ensuring water for fish, protecting and The provision for marine planning also Ministry of Agriculture, Food restoring fish habitat, focusing on riparian provides a mechanism to maintain the quality and Fisheries protection and enhancement, and of marine environments for fish. strengthening local environmental planning, including marine areas. Fisheries Act The Act provides for the licensing and This Act provides the mechanism for Ministry of Agriculture, Food regulatory control of activities associated with regulatory control over aquaculture and and Fisheries commercial fisheries and aquaculture provincially regulated fish harvesting in marine operations. The primary concerns are areas. As such it helps to ensure the licensing of: fish processing plants; fish sustainability of coastal marine areas through a buying establishments; fishermen selling their number of regulatory provisions attached to own catch; wild oyster and marine plant Aquaculture Licences or harvesting permits as harvesting; and all commercial aquaculture well as inspection and enforcement staff and operations within the province, whether on activities. private or Crown land. This Act provides the mechanism for regulatory control over aquaculture and provincially regulated fish harvesting in marine areas. As such it helps to ensure the sustainability of coastal marine areas through a number of regulatory provisions attached to Aquaculture Licences or harvesting permits as well as inspection and enforcement staff and activities. Canada Oceans Act The Act is a consolidation of Canada’s ocean- The Act can be used for the development of a Department of Fisheries and related legislation. It provides authority for coast wide strategy for the maintenance and Oceans Canada the DFO Minister to lead the development of management of marine ecosystems and the a strategy and integrated management plans creation and protection of marine protected for estuarine, coastal and marine ecosystems areas. The authority to control harmful based on public input and the principles of activities is limited to marine protected areas sustainable development, integrated management and the precautionary approach. The Act affords the creation of national Marine Protected Areas. Marine Protected Areas may be designated for the conservation and protection of commercial and non- commercial fishery resources, which includes, for the purposes of this Act: marine mammals and their habitats; endangered or threatened marine species; unique habitats; marine areas of high biodiversity or biological productivity; or any other marine resource or habitat necessary to fulfill the Minister’s mandate.

199 Appendix 7: Legislation and Regulations Cont…

200 Act /Responsible Authority Coastal Management Agency

Canada Fisheries Act Regulates fish harvest limits and methods, the Facilitates the setting of safe harvest limits and Department of Fisheries and import, export, possession, rearing or affords prevention of harvest or harvest Oceans Canada transport of fish, or the harming of fish or methods that impact fish. The Act prohibits their habitat2. The Minister has authority to any alteration of, destruction of, or damage to require plans and specifications to assess a habitat, including harmful substances, such as proposed activity in significant fish habitat sewage, except as may be authorized by and to require mitigation of impacts to fish regulations or the Minister. Mitigation habitat. Freshwater-fish harvest, aquaculture measures may include the placement and and fish farms are regulated by MWLAP in maintenance of fish ways, barrier screens, etc. cooperation with DFO. The Act can regulate the introduction of exotic, marine species through shipping. Regulations set minimum standards for BOD, TSS and non-toxic effluents. National Marine Provides authority to create large national Can protect significant marine areas (i.e., Conservation Areas Act marine protected areas that can be zoned for much of Moresby Island within the Queen Parks Canada multiple uses. Charlotte Islands). National Park Act Provides federal authority to establish and The Act affords opportunities to create national parks on land. The Marine Parks Canada manage national parks and protected areas through fees, simple acquisition, or the Conservation Area Act (not promulgated) transfer of provincial Crown land. provides the legislated bases to establish marine protected areas. Canada Wildlife Act Provides federal authority to establish and The Act affords opportunities to create Environment Canada manage National Wildlife Areas through fees, National Wildlife Areas, but only over land or simple acquisition, or the transfer of marine areas under control of Environment provincial Crown land. Canada. Migratory Birds Regulates the harvest, possession and It is the federal legislation used to establish Convention Act transport of migratory birds. annual, sustainable harvest levels for migratory Environment Canada game birds Canada Environmental Regulates the review and approval of federally It is harmonized with the BC Environmental Assessment Act funded, initiated or regulated activities. Assessment Act. Coastal habitats can be Environment Canada Environmental assessments may also be protected on federal and provincial Crown triggered by a number of provisions under the lands and private lands. Full public reviews are Canada Fisheries Act. Screenings or required of projects involving significant assessments are required for most new or impacts. expanded activities on federal Crown lands. Canadian Environmental Regulates the production and control of toxic The Act assures safe limits on the entry of Protection Act substances, including their development, toxic substances into nearshore habitats. A Environment Canada manufacture, importation, transportation, 96% reduction in dioxins and a 97% distribution, storage, use, environmental reduction in furans occurred in pulp-mill release and disposal. Regulates ocean dumping effluents between 1990 and 1994, following and, as part of the approval process, it enactment of regulations in 1990 and 1992. requires public notification. Minimum Fish and other aquatic organisms may still national standards are set by regulation for the suffer persistent ill effects from those and other discharge of chlorinated dioxins and furans chemicals. Studies are underway to determine and for the elimination of those same if such effects are present. chemicals from defoaming agents and wood chips used in the manufacture of pulp. The Johnstone - Bute Johnstone The COASTAL PLAN 201 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn o J e Th Banfield, A.W.F. 1974. The mammals of Canada. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ont. 438 pp. Ont. Toronto, Press, Toronto of of Canada. University The mammals 1974. A.W.F. Banfield, BC Conservationstudy area. Strait Johnstone occurrences, element 2003. Rare BC Conservation Centre. Data BC. Victoria, Management, Resource Ministry of Sustainable Centre, Data communication. 2004. Personal Guardian. C., DFO Fishery Bunn, area, Bay in the Kelsey populations sea urchin of red 2000. Survey Hajas. W.C. D., A. Campbell and Bureau, Sci. 2542: 19 p. Aqua. Fish. Rep. Manuscript. Columbia, 1999. Can. British Strait, Johnstone of the biology, Columbia: a review British in Murrelets A.E. 2002. Conservation assessment of Marbled Burger, Service, Wildlife 387. Canadian No. Series Report Technical associations and conservation.populations, habitat Columbia. British Region, Yukon and Conservation Pacific Branch, Environmental Whales, American Fishes, to North Guide Field Society The Audubon 1980. and M.C. Caldwell. D.K. Caldwell, 848 p A. Knopf Inc. Alfred York: New and Dolphins. of The Birds 1990a. Kaiser and M.C. McNall. G.W. J.M. Cooper, Cowan, I. M. N.K Dawe, Campbell, R.W., BC. Victoria, Museum, Columbia British Royal waterfowl. 1: Loons through Volume Columbia. British of The Birds 1990b. Kaiser and M.C. McNall. G.W. J.M. Cooper, I. M. Cowan, N.K Dawe, Campbell, R.W., Columbia Museum, British woodpeckers. Royal through of prey birds 2: Diurnal Volume Columbia. British BC. Victoria, adjacent upland habitat in estuaries on the east coast and 1988. Intertidal Boyd. W.S. A. and Campbell Prentice, 38, No Ser. Rep. Tech. Serv. Wildlife. – a pilot assessment of their historical changes. Can. Island Vancouver of BC. Delta, 135-140 in Rare 1999a. Killer whale. Pages and M.A. Fraker. Fraser D.F. Cannings, S.G., L.R. Ramsay, Wildlife Land and Parks, Columbia. BC Ministry of Environment, and mammals of British amphibians, reptiles, BC. 198 pp. Victoria, Inventory Branch, and Resource Branch 117-118 in Rare sea lion. Pages Northern 1999b. and M.A. Fraker. Fraser D.F. Cannings, S.G., L.R. Ramsay, Wildlife Land and Parks, Columbia. BC Ministry of Environment, and mammals of British amphibians, reptiles, BC. 198 pp. Victoria, Inventory Branch, and Resource Branch http://www.lau.chs-shc.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ Tables. Tide Service. 2003. Canadian Canadian Hydrographic and BC coast (south portion). Department of Fisheries directions Service. 1990. Sailing Canadian Hydrographic Canada. Canada, Ottawa, Oceans The National 2003. and J.B. Reker. K.O. Northen L.M. Lieberknecht, J.H. Allen, N. Golding, D.W., Connor, version). V03.02. ISBN 1861075464 )(Internet and Classification for Britain Habitat Marine summary 1988. Stream Program. habitat Inventory and Information Fish and Oceans, Department of Fisheries #12A . catalogue for Subdistrict summary 1991. Stream Program. habitat Inventory and Information Fish and Oceans, Department of Fisheries and 13S Sayward #13N Campbell River catalogue for Subdistrict B6-06(1999). 5 pp. Report Status DFO Science Stock 1999. Eulachon. and Oceans. Department of Fisheries Book. http://www-comm. Coast: Online of the Pacific Stocks 2002a. Fish and Oceans. Department of Fisheries pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/publications/speciesbook/default_e.htm in deep water properties of BC inlets. http:// 2003a. Long term trends and Oceans. Department of Fisheries www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/sci/osap/projects/bcinlets/bute_inlet_e.htm 13. http://www.pac. Area region, contamination – Pacific Shellfish 2003b. and Oceans. Department of Fisheries dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ops/fm/shellfish/closures/area13/area_13.htm 1, 2002 January Euphausids. Plan. Management Fisheries 2002. Integrated and Oceans. Department of Fisheries 31, 2003. to December Appendix 8: References 8: Appendix COASTAL PLAN The Johnstone - Bute 202 Clover Point Geoscape Environmental Cartographics, Planners, LionsGate Consulting,Pinel andAssociates. BC Parks, 2000Provincial Park Attendance inParties. 2000 Sciences, Sidney, British Columbia. 205p. and Aquatic ofFisheries Sciences 56.Department andOceans, Ocean Physics Division, Institute ofOcean Thomson, R.E.1981.Oceanography oftheBritish Columbiacoast.CanadianSpecial Publication onFisheries ca/climate/climate_normals/(accessed 20March 2003). Meteorological ofCanada.2003.Canadianclimatenormals,1971–2000.http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc. Services ec.gc.ca/education/uvindex/about_uvradiation/sunshine_e.html (accessed20March 2003). Meteorological ofCanada.2002.Average Services annualhoursofsunshineacross Canada.http://www.msc-smc. spills. Prepared for Trans Mountain Pipe LineCompany Ltd. XVII Biological resources ofcoastalandoffshore Britishandanalysisofsensitivitytooil Columbia:inventory LGL Ltd.Environmental Research AssociatesandESLEnvironmental Ltd.1980.Map Services Folio Volume of FisheriesCanada Department andOceans. 76pp. +app. Johnstone Strait Killer Whale Committee.(nodate).Background ofLandsandParks, report. BCMinistry Jamieson, G.2002.Dungeness Crab. Underwater worldpublication.~5pp. – 1994and1996.Can.Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci.2464:114p. Heritage, G.D.,G.E.Gillespie andN.F. inBritish clamsurveys Columbia intertidal Bourne.1998.Exploratory Fish. Aquat. Sci.2019:254p. geographical analysisandclassification. Volume IV. Lower CentralCoastandJohnstone Strait. Can.MSRep. Hay, D.E.,P.B. McCarter, R.Kronlund andC.Roy 1989.Spawning areas ofBritish Columbiaherring:areview, J.L.1973.PacificHart, Fishes ofCanada.Fisheries Research Board ofCanada.740pp. Press, Vancouver. 96p. Ford, J.K.B.andG.M.Ellis. 1999. Transients –Mammal Hunting Killer Whales. Univ. ofBritish Columbia Ellis, G.Fisheries andOceans Canada.Pacific Biological Station, . 2003.Personal Communication. Eder, T. andD.Pattie. 2001.Mammals ofBritish Columbia.LonePine Publishing, Vancouver, BC.296pp. Tilbury Slough. Westwater Research Centre, U.B.C. Vancouver, B.C.62pp. Dorcey, A.H.,K.J.Hall, D.A.LevyandI. Tesaki. 1983.EstuarineHabitat management:AProspectus for Stock Status Report. C6-08(1998). ofFisheriesDepartment andOceans. 1998.Shrimp Trawl Fishery offthe West CoastofCanada.DFOScience (1999). ofFisheriesDepartment andOceans. 1999d.Native LittleneckClam.DFOScienceStock Status Report. C6-02 ofFisheriesDepartment andOceans. 1999c.Manila Clam.DFOScienceStock Status Report. C6-03(1999). C6-10 (1999). ofFisheriesDepartment andOceans. 1999b. Giant Red Sea Cucumber. DFOScienceStock Status Report. ofFisheriesDepartment andOceans. 1999a.Eulachon. DFOScienceStock Status Report. B6-06(1999). A6-18 (2001).5pp. ofFisheriesDepartment andOceans. 2001.Lingcod(Ophiodon elongatus).DFOScienceStock Status Report ofFisheriesDepartment andOceans. 2000b. Geoduck Clam.DFOScienceStock Status Report. C6-05(2000). DFO ScienceStock Status Report. C6-14(2000). ofFisheriesDepartment andOceans. 2000a.Dunganess Crab CoastalFisheries LicenceAreas B,E,G,H,I&J. ofFisheriesDepartment andOceans. 2001b. Red Sea Urchin. DFOScienceStock Status Report. C6-09(2001). ofFisheriesDepartment andOceans. 2001a.Green Sea Urchin. DFOScienceStock Status Report. C6-11(2001). 203 COASTAL PLAN ute B e - e n sto hn o J e Th Forest and Fisheries Tourism Opportunities Study for Portions of the Campbell River and Port McNeill Forest Forest McNeill and Port Campbell River of the for Portions Opportunities Study Tourism and Fisheries Forest 2000. March Districts. for the Study Recreation Public and Commercial Planners. Cartographics, Environmental Geoscape Point Clover 2002 March District. Forest Coast Sunshine Resource Ministry of Sustainable Lodges and Camps/Huts. & Associates. Commercial Chisholm Marlyn 2002. July Branch. Development Economic Management, 2003 Oct http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca Profiles, Nations Affairs Canada, First Northern and Indian Determination, Annual Cut Rationale for Allowable Area Supply Timber Coast Sunshine Ministry of Forests, 1, 2002. January Effective University Stanford of California. Invertebrates 1980. Intertidal and E.C. Haderlie. Abbott R.H., D.P. Morris, California. 690 pp Stanford, Press, 161 pp. WA. , Friday Press, Plant Seaweeds. Pacific 2000. North and S.C. Lindstrom. R.M., O’Clair, Alto Palo scientific publications, Blackwell 1987. Living Invertebrates. Buchsbaum. V and J., M and R. Pearse, Ca. 848 pp. wood Press, Cal and the Box U.S. Fish. northwest: a community profile. in the Pacific meadows The ecology of eelgrass R.C. 1984. Phillips, FWS/OBS-84/24. Rep. Serv. Wildl. 2, 2004. DFO. Feb to S. Diggon, K., DFO. 2004. email correspondence Spencer, 1, 2000. January Effective Determination, Annual Cut Rationale for Allowable Area Supply Timber Strathcona Licence 45 issued to International Farm Tree 1999., February Analysis Report. Area Supply Timber Strathcona Farm Tree 1, 2001., November Effective Determination, Annual Cut Rationale for Allowable Products, Forest March Effective Determination, Cut Annual Limited, Rationale for Allowable Licence 43 issued to Scott Paper Annual Cut Ltd, Rationale for Allowable Company issued to “Weyerhauser Licence 39 Farm Tree 1, 2000., Ltd., Products Forest Western to Licence 25 issued Farm Tree 21, 2001., November Effective Determination, 30, 1996. December Effective Determination, Cut Annual Rationale for Allowable Communication College. 2004. Personal University J.C., Malaspina Watson, Pacific (North novaeangliae, Megaptera whale, on the Humpback Report Status 1985. Updated Whitehead, Hal. population