REVISED REIA/EMP REPORT FOR RIVER SAND MINING PROJECT AT TEHSIL: BEGUN, CHITTORGARH 2015

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 PREAMBLE The word “Environment” is defined to include everything external to man/organism. It covers the region, surroundings, or circumstances in which anything exists. Environment is an important and essential part of the development. It plays an essential role in overall development of the country. Development, which keeps environment with itself, called sustainable development. Today, environment is degrading and exploited in many ways. Thus, the Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoE&F) had formulated its policies & rules and made new policies & rules regarding operation of the industries to achieve sustainable development and to prevent slapdash exploitation of natural resources. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible impact-positive or negative-that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the natural, social and economic aspects. M/s Rajasthan fort and Palace Pvt. Ltd. propose to develop a River Sand mine in, Revenue villages of Tehsil: Begun, District: Chittorgarh, State: Rajasthan having lease area is 286.43 Ha. Total land of mining lease comes under Gair Mumkin Nadi, Nallah (Government land) as per Khasra no. provided by Department of Mines & Geology, Rajasthan. No Forest land is involved in the project area. 1.1GENERAL INFORMATION ON MINING OF MINERALS Indian mining industry is characterized by a large number of small operational mines. The number of mines which reported mineral production [excluding minor minerals, petroleum (crude), natural gas and atomic minerals in India was 2076 in 2011-12 as against 2355 in the previous year. Out of 2076 reporting mines, 354 were located in Andhra Pradesh followed by Gujarat (308), Rajasthan (241), Madhya Pradesh (225), Karnataka (180), Tamil Nadu (156), Odisha (119), Jharkhand (106), Chhattisgarh (99), Maharashtra (86) and Goa (70). These 11 States together accounted for 93.64% of total number of mines in the country in the year 2011-12. 1.2 PURPOSE OF REPORT Economic, social and environmental change is inherent to development. Whilst development aims to bring about positive change it can lead to conflicts. In the past, the promotion of economic growth as the motor for increased well-being was the main evelopment thrust with little sensitivity to adverse social or environmental impacts. The environmental impacts of any new or expansion project must be surveyed, forecasted and evaluated by the project proponents in the process of designing the project. These results and findings are then to be incorporated in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report. A Final of Environmental Impact Assessment report has been prepared to comply with the Terms of Reference (TOR) received from MoEF vide letter no. J-11015/211/2013-IA.II (M) dated 14.10.2013, under EIA notification of the MoEF dated 14-9-2006, amended on 1st Dec 2009, 4th April 2011 and EIA Manual for Mining of Minerals (Feb, 2010) of MoEF, Govt. of India, for seeking environmental clearance for mining of river sand in the applied mining lease area 286.43 Ha. Legal Framework Related to Project According to clause (e) of Section 3 of the MMDR Act, 1957 and as per Rule 70 of the MCR,

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1960; sand is classified as minor mineral based on the end use. Mines and Minerals (Development & Regulation) Act, 1957, under section 15, empowers the State Government to make rules in respect of minor mineral. Mining Leases for the mineral Bajri are granted as provided in Rajasthan Minor Mineral Concession (Amendments) Rules, 2012 notified vide Department Notification No. F.14 (1) Mines/ Gr. II/ 2011 dated 23-05-2012 i.e. RMMCR, 1986.A PIL in the High Court of Rajasthan filed by an NGO, Nature Club of Rajasthan. The order was passed on dated 16 April’ 2013 by Hon’ble Court giving directions to State Govt. to finalize the allotment of mining leases of Bajri (river bed sand) in the State within a period of six months as per new rules and adopt procedure for revenue collection under new rules only.A Civil Appeal No. (S) 9703 – 9706 of 2013 between Chief Secretary, Govt. of Rajasthan versus National Green Tribunal Bar Assn. & ORS of SLP (C) No. 34134 of 2013 {State of Rajasthan & ORS. V. Nature Club of Rajasthan (NGO)} and SLP (C) No. 34811/ 2013 {Naveen Sharma Vs. State of Rajasthan & ORS.} dated 25.11.2013 “Till the end of 24thFebruary’ 2014, The Letter of Intent holders who have submitted their applications to the Ministry of Environment and Forests for environmenr clearances (numbering 82 only) can carry on mining operations in accordance with the Notification dated 21.06.2012 of the Mines (Act 2) Department, Government of Rajasthan issued under rule 65A of the Rajasthan Mines and Mineral Concession Rules’1986”. Based on above order, Govt. of Rajasthan allowed to continue sand mining permission been granted to work the proposed leases up to 28th February’ 2014, which was further extended till 31st March 2014. On 27th March 2014, Hon’ble Supreme Court of India has further extended till further order. 1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE PROCESS Mining lease for mineral Bajri is proposed to be granted as provided in RMMCR(Amendment) Rules 2012 vide Notification F-14 (1) Mines/ Gr. II/ 2011 dated 23.05.2012 and as per Mines (Gr. II) Department Notification, Jaipur F-14 (1) Mines/ Gr. II/ 2011 Jaipur, dated 21st June’ 2012. As per these notifications it is mandatory to obtain Environmental Clearance for Minor Mineral (Bajri) as per the Notification of MoEF&CC, New Delhi.The proposed project falls under Category –‘A’ as per the EIA notification of 14th September 2006 and its amendment dated 1st December 2009. Mining Projects of ML area of > 50 ha are classified as “Category- A” project. 1.4 COMPLIANCE TO THE TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) The application for ToR of the proposed River Sand Mining located in Revenue villages, Tehsil: Begun, District Chittorgarh, Rajasthan was submitted on dated 03.07.2013 and the same was considered in the 10th meeting of the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) on 21th – 23th August, 2013 and ToRwas issued vide letter no. J-11015/212/2013-IA.II (M) dated. 14.10.2013, copy is enclosed as Annexure No.1 (a). The proposal of EC was earlier appraised by EAC in its 31st meeting held on March 16-18, 2015. 2015 (Agenda Item No 2.41). However certain deficiencies were observed in the REIA/ EMP submitted earlier. There are several deficiencies viz. (i) Details of production capacity is different in different places seems that the Consultant has not prepared EIA/EMP Report and that the committee experienced difficulty in appraising the proposal for EC; (ii) There are Schedule-I species as per Report for which conservation plan with funding provision has not been provided adequately; (iii) List of flora/fauna and endangered species are not accurate; (iv) Geological profile of the area does not have the required details and may have to be furnished afresh; (v)

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details of Action Plan for occupational health of the workers. Copy of the Minutes of Meeting is enclosed as Annexure No .1(B) Compliance to the Terms of Reference (ToR) is given as below: Table-1.1 COMPLIANCE TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) S. No. TOR Condition Compliance Status 1 Year-wise production details since 1994 Neither the project proponent had carried out any onwards should be given clearly stating the mining in ML Area before 1994 nor was he highest production achieved in any one year entitled to carry out such operation in the period prior to 1994. It may also be categorically prior to the date of issue of letter of intent informed whether there had been any on28.01.2013. In the light of the interim relief by increase in production after the EIA the Hon’ble Apex Court on 25.11.2013 and Notification, 1994 coming into force w.r.t the 27.03.2014 to PP would work.The year wise highest production achieved prior to 1994. production details are as given below: Year Production in Tonne Since 1994 -2013 Nil Jan 2014 to March 19891 2014 2014-15 25020 Total 44911 Supreme Court order Enclosed as Annexure No 15. 2 A Copy of the document in support of the LOI for Mining Lease area 286.43 Ha has been fact that the proponent is the rightful lessee of granted in favour of M/s Rajasthan fort and the mine should be given. Palace Pvt. Ltd. vide letter No.: funs@i- 2¼,&3½fpRrkSM@ctjh@2012@837 dated 30-11-2012 and copy of the same is enclosed as Annexure No.2.

3 All documents including approved mine All documents including approved mine plan, EIA plan, EIA and public hearing should be and public hearing are compatible with one another compatible with one another in terms of the in terms of the production levels, waste generation mine lease area, production levels, waste and its management and mining technology which generation and its management and mining are as follows:- technology and should be in the name of the S. Particulars TOR Public Approved EIA No Hearing Mining Plan Report lessee. . 1 Mine Lease 286.43 286.43 286.43 286.43 Area (Ha.) 2 Production 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 In LTPA 3 Waste NIL NIL NIL Nil generation 4 Mining Open Cast-Semi Mechanized Technology

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4 All corner coordinates of the mine lease area, Superimposed on a high resolution superimposed on a High Resolution imagery/toposheet.Enclosed as fig No 3.2. Imagery/toposheet should be provided. Such Latitude: 25°5’55” N to 25°10’20” N an Imagery of the proposed area should Longitude: 74°46’57”E to 74°51’40” E clearly show the land use and other ecological features of the study area (core S. Block Latitude Longitude and buffer zone). No. Name 1 A 25°07’18.6” N to 74°47’34.2” E to 25°07’51.1” N 74°48’05.4” E 2 B 25°11’24.6” N to 74°53’52.6” E to 25°11’36.1” N 74°54’33.2” E 3 C 25°08’56.4” N to 74°52’12.3” E to 25°09’20.4” N 74°52’17.4” E 4 D 25°06’49.8” N to 74°53’03.6” E to 25°07’0.6” N 74°53’27.6” E 5 E 25°06’47.4” N to 74°55’47.3” E to 25°06’55.8” N 74°56’22.14” E Toposheet No : 45K/12, 45K/16. 5 Does the company have a well laid down Yes, PP has a well laid down Environment Environment Policy approved by its Board of Policy which is - Directors? If so, it may be spelt out in the • Committed to comply with applicable EIA report with description of the prescribed statutory requirements, Insure proper operating process/procedures to bring into implementation, and management for focus any infringement/deviation/violation of prevention of pollution as per Environment the environmental or forest norms/ Clearance/ Consent from pollution control conditions? The hierarchical system or board/Environmental Laws / CPCB norms / administrative order of the Company to deal guidelines issued from time to time by with the environmental issues and for related departments. ensuring compliance with the EC conditions • It will help continue to improve the may also be given. The system of reporting effectiveness of environment and of non-compliances/violations of management system by regular training environmental norms to the Board of with optimum use of natural resources, Directors of the Company and/or better productivity by regular internal audit shareholders or stakeholders at large may and up gradation of technology. also be detailed in the EIA report. Non Compliance Reporting Procedure:- • The PP has well defined procedures to bring into focus any infringement/deviation/violation of the environmental and forest norms. • The hierarchical system to deal with the environmental issues and ensure compliance with the environmental clearance conditions. • Quarterly communication with stakeholders regarding performance of mining on environment measures. Environmental Policy of the company enclosed as Annexure No :17

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6 Issues relating to Mine Safety, including Mining will be carried out by open cast semi – subsidence study, blasting study etc. should mechanized only. Hence, no subsidence study is be detailed. The proposed safeguard required. No drilling and blasting will be carried measures in each case should also be out. provided Ø Mining will be done as per approved mining plan & progressive mine closure plan. Ø All safety measures will be adopted at the time of operational phase as it is river bed mining. Ø It will be implemented to prevent restrict access to excavation area by unauthorized person as per Mines Act 1952; MMR, 1961. Ø Removal/ collection of sand (Bajri) will be up to 3 meter depth and 20.0 m offset has been left for the safety of river bank. Protective equipment like dust musk, Helmet, Shoe, goggles ear plug/ muffs and other equipment will be provided all workers. Safety measures with proposed safeguard given in section 9.8 of REIA Report. 7 The study area will comprise of 10 km zone Existing Land use Map has been prepared and around the mine lease from lease periphery No change proposed in land use .i.e. Forest area, and the data contained in the EIA such as agriculture land, wildlife Sanctuary, National waste generation etc should be for the life of Park, Water bodies, human Settlements proposed the mine / lease period. except plantation along the River bed, or Near by Govt Land wherever is available. However, river sand shall be excavated from the mine lease area. The study area comprise of 10 km zone from the periphery of the mining lease is given in Chapter: 3, Figure No 3.2. No overburden and waste is likely to be generated during lease period.

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8 Land use of the study area delineating forest Existing & Proposed Land used pattern of the area, agricultural land, grazing land, wildlife lease area and study area shown Below: sanctuary, national park, migratory routes of Land used pettern of study area: fauna, water bodies, human settlements and S. No. Class Area in Ha. Area% other ecological features should be indicated. 1 Water 2173.34 2.62 Land use plan of the mine lease area should Body/River/Lease Area be prepared to encompass preoperational, 2 Railway Line 118.25 0.14 operational and post operational phases and 3 Road Area 487.54 0.59 submitted. 4 Rocky Area 1422.07 1.71 5 Forest Area 10097.83 12.17 6 Scrub Land 10499.09 12.66 7 Settlements 2048.75 2.47 8 Crop Land 56117.04 67.64 Total 82963.92 100 Land use of Lease area: S. Particulars Present At At the end No. land use the of 5th year (ha) end (ha) of 3rd year (ha) 1 Mine area 75.0 87.0 95.0 2 Dump area 0.0 - - Safety zone 6.30 100.7 100.75 3 Roads & Parmanent 5 Structures etc. (6no.) 4 Infrastructure - - - (office, temp, shelter etc) 5 Mineral Storage - - - 6 Plantation - - - 7 Un worked 205.13 98.68 90.68 Total 286.43 286.4 286.43 3 Change of Land use:- The applied river bed lease area consists of Gair Mumkin nadi. No forest land, grazing land & agricultural land is involved. There will not be any permanent change in land use in the core zone, as mining activity involves collection of sand (Bajri). Plantation will be done around the applied lease area 9 Details of the land for any Over Burden There will not be any O/B or waste generated Dumps outside the mine lease, such as extent during course of sand (Bajri) mining.The Mining of land area, distance from mine lease, its proposed on Gair Mumkin Nadi & Nalla of land use, R&R issues, if any, should be given. Govt. land and no settlement exist Hence no R&R plan is required.

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10 A Certificate from the Competent Authority Not applicable as there is no forest land involved in the State Forest Department should be in the lease area. provided, confirming the involvement of forest land, if any, in the project area. In the event of any contrary claim by the Project Proponent regarding the status of forests, the site may be inspected by the State Forest Department along with the Regional Office of the Ministry to ascertain the status of forests, based on which, the Certificate in this regard as mentioned above be issued. In all such cases, it would be desirable for representative of the State Forest Department to assist the Expert Appraisal Committees. 11 Status of forestry clearance for the broken up There is no forest land involved in the project area and virgin forestland involved in the area. Project including deposition of net present value (NPV) and compensatory afforestation (CA) should be indicated. A copy of the forestry clearance should also be furnished. 12 Implementation status of recognition of forest The area is not covered under Scheduled Tribes rights under the Scheduled Tribes and other and other Traditional Forest Dwellers Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006. Forest Rights) Act, 2006 should be indicated Hence, it is not applicable 13 The vegetation in the RF / PF areas in the A detailed study is given in Chapter: 3 of REIA study area, with necessary details, should be report. Pl. refer Table 3.32 to 3.37. given. 14 A study shall be got done to ascertain the Bio-diversity study conducted and reported four impact of the Mining Project on wildlife of schedule-I species i.e. Indian Peafowl, Rock the study area and details furnished. Impact of Python, Panther and Chinkara in the buffer area. the project on the wildlife in the surrounding Requisite conservation plan with time bound and any other protected area and accordingly activities have been prepared for the same with detailed mitigative measures required, should budgetary provision of Rs. 11.00 Lac per annum be worked out with cost implications and earmark for the same. submitted. Details are given in chapter 4. 15 Location of National Parks, Sanctuaries, Bassi Wild Life Sanctuary situated at the Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Corridors, distance of 1.08 km from periphery of the Tiger/Elephant Reserves/Critically Polluted mining lease area, proposal for Wild life Areas/Aravalli (existing as well as proposed), clearance was submitted to Director, Wild Life if any, within 10 km of the mine lease should division, MOEF & CC, Covering letter also be clearly indicated, supported by a location enclosed as Annexure No.18. map . Necessary clearance, as may be Certified Authenticated map (1:50,000 Scale) by applicable to such projects due to proximity concerned authority showing Bassi wild life of the ecologically sensitive areas as sanctuary is 1.08 km from the lease area on is mentioned above, should be obtained from enclosed as annexure No.19.Distance Certificate the State Wildlife Department/Chief Wildlife Submission Receipt to Concerned DCF (WL) is Warden under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, Enclosed as Annexure No.14. 1972 and copy furnished. Distance Certificate Submission Receipt to Concerned DCF (WL) is Enclosed as Annexure No.14.

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16 A detailed biological study of the study area A detailed biological study for the study area has [core zone and buffer zone (10 km radius of been carried out during post monsoon period the periphery of the mine lease)] shall be 2013. Details are given in Chapter-3. carried out. Details of flora and fauna, duly Biological Study with conservation plan is authenticated, separately for core and buffer incorporated in Chapter No: 9 Para. 9.6 of zone should be furnished based on such REIA/EMP report. primary field survey, clearly indicating the List of Flora & Fauna for core & buffer zone has Schedule of the fauna present. In case of any been submitted for (List has not been received) Scheduled-I fauna found in the study area, authenticatation to concern DFO vide letter No. the necessary plan for their conservation Nil dated 05.10.2013 & 07-10-2015 enclosed as should be prepared in consultation with State Annexure No.13. Forest and Wildlife Department and details Submission of Conservation Plan for Schedule-I furnished. Necessary allocation of funds for Fauna species to Concerned Authority is implementing the same should be made as enclosed as Annexure No. 16. part of the project cost. 17 Proximity to Areas declared as ‘Critically There are no critically polluted areas as notified Polluted’ or the Project areas likely to come by the Central Pollution Control board are under the ‘Aravali Range’, (attracting court located within 10 km radius from the boundary restrictions for mining operations), should of applied mining lease area. The applied lease also be indicated and where so required, area does not fall under ‘Aravali Range’. clearance certifications from the prescribed A certificate has been obtained from the Mining Authorities, such as the SPCB or State Engineer stating that the lease does not fall in Mining Dept. Should be secured and “Aravali Range” vide letter 2014-15/87 dated furnished to the effect that the proposed 28-05-2015 enclosed as Annexure no. 6. mining activities could be considered. 18 Similarly, for coastal Projects, A CRZ map Mining lease area does not falls in CRZ. Not duly authenticated by one of the authorized Applicable agencies demarcating LTL. HTL, CRZ area, location of the mine lease w.r.t CRZ, coastal features such as mangroves, if any, should be furnished. (Note: The Mining Projects falling under CRZ would also need to obtain approval of the concerned Coastal Zone Management Authority).

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19 R&R Plan/compensation details for the There is no habitation in the mine lease area; Project Affected People (PAP) should be hence R&R is not applicable. furnished. While preparing the R&R Plan, the relevant State/National Rehabilitation & Resettlement Policy should be kept in view. In respect of SCs /STs and other weaker sections of the society in the study area, a need based sample survey, family-wise, should be undertaken to assess their requirements, and action programmes prepared and submitted accordingly, integrating the sectoral programmes of line departments of the State Government. It may be clearly brought out whether the village located in the mine lease area will be shifted or not. The issues relating to shifting of Village including their R&R and socio- economic aspects should be discussed in the report.

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20 One season (non-monsoon) primary baseline One season primary baseline data on ambient air data on ambient air quality (PM10, SO2 and quality, water quality, noise quality, soil quality NOx), water quality, noise level, soil and & flora & Fauna (Post-Monsoon’2013 has been flora and fauna shall be collected and the collected and incorporated in EIA/EMP report in AAQ and other data so compiled presented Chapter-3. The baseline Environmental date-wise in the EIA and EMP Report. Site- monitoring results are within permissible limits. specific meteorological data should also be Monitoring locations are given as follows:- collected. The location of the monitoring stations should be such as to represent whole S. Samplin Sampli Coordinates Direction & N g ng code Distance from of the study area and justified keeping in view o. Location Mining lease the pre-dominant downwind direction and area location of sensitive receptors. There should 1. Singhpur AAQ1 25°10’57” N North Core be at least one monitoring station within 500 a 74°52’05” E 2. AAQ2 25°05’42” N North Core m of the mine lease in the pre-dominant Rupapura 74°48’34” E - downwind direction. The mineralogical South 3. AAQ3 25°14’15” N North Core composition of PM10 particularly for free Downi silica, should be given. 74°55’12” E 4. AAQ4 25°02’48” N South Buffe Siyahaya 74°48’06” E r 5. Raghunat AAQ5 25°06’22” N North Buffe hpura 74°49’06” E -West r

6 AAQ6 25°07’18” N East Core Akoriya 74°48’03” E 7 AAQ7 25°01’05” N South Buffe Bassi 74°46’25” E r 8 AAQ8 25°08’35” N West Core Sadas 74°45’18” E 9 AAQ9 25°03’06” N South Buffe Saran 74°43’32” E -West r

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring reveals that the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 & CO for all the 9 AAQM stations found within prescribed Limit. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring reveals that the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 for all the 9 AAQM stations were between 48.57 to 77.74µg/m3 and 20.01 to 44.21 µg/m3 respectively. As far as the gaseous pollutants SO2 and NO2 are concerned, the prescribed CPCB limit of 80µg/m3 has never surpassed at any station. The concentrations of 3 SO2 were in range of 8.02 to 6.59µg/m . The concentrations of NO2 were in range of 18.01 to 25.66µg/m3. The Concentration of CO was in range of 0.38 to 0.52 mg/m3. The average value of free silica content observed in the study area was found between 35.77 µg/m3 to 47.88 µg/m3.

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21 Air quality modelling should be carried out In order to predict the particulate emissions, for prediction of impact of the project on the AERMOD version 8.2 model was used to air quality of the area. It should also take into predict changes in air quality i.e., maximum account the impact of movement of vehicles ground level concentration (GLC’s) of PM10, for transportation of mineral. The details of SO2, NO2 & CO due to the proposed mining & the model used and input parameters used for Transporation activity.Air quality modeling has modelling should be provided. The air quality been carried out for prediction of impact due to contours may be shown on a location map proposed project activities on the present air clearly indicating the location of the site, quality of the area as shown in Chapter: 4. The location of sensitive receptors, if any, and the Wind rose diagram indicating predominant wind habitation. The wind roses showing pre- direction is shown in Figure No.3.12 of Final dominant wind direction may also be REIA report. indicated on the map. Cumulative Maximum concentration given below:

Sampling Predicted incremental Max. Base line Cumulative max. conc. Prescribed Location Max. conc. µg/m3 conc.(µg/m3 ) µg/m3 Standards in Day Time in µg/m3

0 0 0 0

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 PM1 SO NO PM1 SO NO PM1 SO NO PM1 SO NO Singhpura 1.69 1.08 1.38 68.23 12.01 23.01 69.92 13.09 24.33 100 80 80 Rupapura 1.42 0.95 1.11 77.74 12.01 23.25 79.16 12.96 24.36 Downi 1.15 0.84 0.97 70.48 12.02 23.01 71.63 12.86 23.98 Siyahaya 0.99 0.46 0.58 68.39 12.76 23.94 69.38 13.22 24.52 Raghunathpura 0.95 0.65 0.66 72.54 16.58 25.98 73.49 17.23 26.64 Akoriya 1.54 0.96 1.21 72.59 16.59 25.61 74.13 17.55 26.82 Bassi 0.77 0.34 0.68 72.58 16.54 26.34 73.35 16.88 26.34 Sadas 1.04 0.77 0.98 72.54 16.59 25.36 73.58 17.36 26.34 Saran 0.98 0.66 0.74 74.76 14.01 24.25 75.74 14.67 24.99

22 The water requirement for the Project, its The water requirement for the project is 3.0 availability and source should be furnished. A KLD which includes both for dust suppression detailed water balance should also be and for Domestic purpose. The details of water provided. Fresh water requirement for the requirement are given in Chapter: 2. Project should be indicated. 23 Necessary clearance from the Competent Required water demand will be met out from Authority for drawl of requisite quantity of local Tanker Supply. water for the Project should be provided.

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24 Description of water conservation measures Water conservation measures proposed to be proposed to be adopted in the Project should adopted are as given below:- be given. Details of rainwater harvesting · Optimum utilization avoiding unnecessary proposed in the Project, if any, should be wastage of water will be done. provided. · Awareness programs will be taken up to educate public for conservation of water. · Mobile toilets with modular septic tank having efficient water utilization capacity (low facets water requirement for flushing) will be used. · Atomized water sprinklers will be used to minimize the air borne dust emissions on haul roads. · Post-monsoon and Pre-monsoon groundwater level will be monitored regularly. The project it self belong to river area bed. Hence, no rain water harvesting structure is proposed in the lease area.

25 Impact of the project on the water quality, There will be no significant impact on both both surface and groundwater should be surface & ground water quality is expected, as assessed and necessary safeguard measures, if river sand mining does not release any type of any required, should be provided. pollutants to water/water bodies. 26 Based on actual monitored data, it may Impact on Ground Water clearly be shown whether working will The groundwater table was observed to be 7.45 intersect groundwater. Necessary data and bgl – 12.10 m below the riverbed level and there documentation in this regard may be will be no intersection of ground water table due provided. In case the working will intersect to mining activity. Mining will be e restricted up groundwater table, a detailed Hydro to 3.0 m depth from bed level or 1.0 m above the Geological Study should be undertaken and ground water table. Report furnished. Necessary permission from Impact on Surface Water Central Ground Water Authority for working The proposed lease area is a seasonal river and below ground water and for pumping of remains dry except monsoon season and ground water should also be obtained and proposed mining done only dry beds. Hence, copy furnished. impact on surface water is insignificant. Water Table Core Zone: Pre-monsoon : 12.10 m bgl Post-monsoon :7.45 m bgl Water Table Buffer Zone: Pre-monsoon : 18.96 m bgl Post-monsoon : 10.72 m bgl Ultimate Working depth: 3 m bgl

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27 Details of any stream, seasonal or otherwise, Berach & Ruparail Rivers passing through the lease area and itself part of applied lease area. No proposal for modification / diversion proposed, if any, and modification/ diversion of any stream or the impact of the same on the hydrology otherwise. Sand will be mined out only from dry should be brought out. river bed. There will be no impact on the hydrology of the area because working will be done up to a depth of 3 meters from the surface level or 1 Mtr/ above ground water level, which comes earlier. The drainage pattern of the study area is given in Chapter 3, Fig. 3.5. 28 Information on site elevation, working depth, Site elevation 368 - 384 AMSL groundwater table etc. Should be provided Ultimate Working Depth 3 meter both in AMSL and bgl. A schematic diagram Ground water table (Pre- 12.10 -18.96 mbgl may also be provided for the same. Monsoon) Ground water table 7.45-10.72 ( Post-Monsoon) Mining will be done within the riverbed for collection of Bajri. 3 m from surface or 1 m above water level, whichever is earlier. Thus, working will not intersect the groundwater table level. Schematic Representation of Site Elevation, Ultimate Depth & Ground Water table -

HIGHEST CONTOUR 384 mRL LOWEST CONTOUR 368 mRL ULTIMATE DEPTH 3.0 meter

WATER TABLE 12.10-18.96 Mtr BGL (Post -Monsoon) 7.45- 10.72 Mtr BGL (Pre -monsoon)

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29 A time bound Progressive Greenbelt It is proposed to develop greenbelt under social Development Plan shall be prepared in a forestry program along the banking of river, tabular form (indicating the linear and roads, Govt. and Private land with due quantitative coverage, plant species and time permission from Panchayat with consultation of frame) and submitted, keeping in mind, the Forest Department. About 10 Hect. area will be same will have to be executed up front on cover up to 5th year and break up of plantation commencement of the project. program is below given.

Year No. of Place of plantation Saplings I 800 Along the roads, II 800 banks of river, III 800 Govt.and private IV 800 land under social V 800 forestry programme Total 4000 in permission of local authorities and people.

30 Impact on local transport infrastructure due to the The proposed production of minor mineral per Project should be indicated. Projected increase in day will be around 600 TPD, requiring 30 trucks truck traffic as a result of the Project in the of 20 tones capacity per day. Means, the present road network (including those outside the incremental traffic volume about 60 trucks (180 Project area) should be worked out, indicating PCU) are envisaged on the existing road network whether it is capable of handling the incremental (both way). The Maximum incremental traffic load. Arrangement for improving the infrastructure, if contemplated (including action volume anticipated at NH-76 is 4923 PCU/Day to be taken by other agencies such as State & at village road is 681 PCU/Day. Government) should be covered. Results - From the above analysis it can be seen that the V/C ratio will not be changed with LOS being “A’’ &“B’’ which is Excellent & Very good, as per the classification, so the additional load on the carrying capacity of the concerned roads is not likely to have any adverse effect. Traffic Management & Mitigation Measures includes 1. Haul roads will be sprinkled with water to keep the dust suppressed. 2. Proper route management of the traffic will be done for smooth ingress and egress of traffic. 3. Supervisors will be appointed to regulate the traffic at the project sites. 4. Speed breakers will be constructed in accident prone areas to calm the traffic and its speed. 5. Signposts will be erected at the sensitive. 31 Details of the onsite shelter and facilities to All basic facilities i.e. shelter, washroom, first- be provided to the mine workers should be aid, drinking water for workers will be provided included in the EIA report. at mine site.

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32 Conceptual post mining land use and Excavation of sand will be done only up to 3.0 Reclamation and Restoration of mined out m from the river bed or 1.0m above the ground areas (with plans and with adequate number water table.River will be replenished up to some of sections) should be given in the EIA extent naturally by sediments during rainy report. season.Details given in REIA/EMP Chapter No.9 33 A time bound Progressive Greenbelt It is proposed to develop greenbelt under social Development Plan shall be prepared in a forestry program along the banking of river , tabular form (indicating the linear and roads, Govt. and Private land with due quantitative coverage, plant species and time permission from Panchayat with consultation of frame) and submitted, keeping in mind, the Forest Department. About 10 Hect. area will be same will have to be executed up front on cover up to 5th year and break up of plantation commencement of the project. Phase-wise program is below given. plan of plantation and compensatory afforestation should be charted clearly Year No. of Place of plantation indicating the area to be covered under Saplings plantation and the species to be planted. The I 800 Along the roads, details of plantation already done should be II 800 banks of river, given. III 800 Govt.and private land IV 800 under social forestry V 800 programme in Total 4000 permission of local authorities and people.

34 Occupational Health impacts of the Project Safety of employee during mining operation should be anticipated and the proposed and maintenance of transportation vehicles preventive measures spelt out in detail. will be taken care as per MMR 1961 & Details of pre-placement medical examination MCDR 1988. To avoid any adverse effect on and periodical medical examination schedules the health of workers due to dust, noise should be incorporated in the EMP. sufficient measures will be provided .Occupational health specialist will be hired. All periodic medical examination of the mine workers will be done regularly · Pre-placement and medical examination will be conducted as per Rule 29(b) of The Mine Rule, 1955. · Pre-placement health checkup will be made mandatory and periodic health checkup will be done. · Medical records of each employee will be maintained separately and will be updated as required. Medical examination of workers including chest X-ray of employee will be taken.

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Anticipated Proposed mitigation measures occupational Health and Safety Impacts Lung disease Ø Dust mask will be provided to the and respiratory workers. disorder due to Ø Precautions will be adopted to dust exposure prevent dust generation at site and dispersing in the environment. Ø Air emission control system such as water sprinkling, green belt development. Ø Free Silica analysis of mineral will be done. Ø Budget of pollution control i.e dust suppression by water sprinkling is proposed in EMP. Noise Ø Ear muff will be provided Ø Good Maintenance of vehicles Accident at Ø PPEs will be provided to the site workers likely hand gloves,safety shoes etc Others Ø Awareness program/training program will be organized for workers for occupational safety. Ø Smoking and tobacco will be banned at site.

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35 Public health implications of the Project and Incremental GLCs are used to identify the impact related activities for the population in the zone. Impact on the health of public has been impact zone should be systematically assessed in the proposed project and the remedial evaluated and the proposed remedial measures have been proposed by the applicant. measures should be detailed along with Adverse health impact can be due to air pollution, noise pollution etc. All control measures for air budgetary allocations. emissions, noise control will be taken to strictly comply with norms. Measures: Medical Examination Schedule S.No Activities 1st yr. 2n 3rd 4th yr 5th d yr. yr yr . 1 Initial Medical Examination (Mine Workers) a Physical Check - up - - - - b Psychological Test - - - - c Audiometric Test - - - - d Respiratory Test 2 Periodical Medical Examination (Mine Workers) a Physical Check - up - b Audiometric Test - c Eye Check - up - d Respiratory Test - 3 Medical Camp (Mine - Workers & Nearby Villagers 4 Training (Mine Workers) Medical Follow Ups:-Work force will be divided into three targeted groupsage wise as follows:- Age Group PME as per Mine Special Rule 1955 Examination Less than 25 years Once in a Three In case of Years emergencies Between 25 to 40 Years Once in a Three In case of Years emergencies Above 40 years Once in a Three In case of Years emergencies Medical help on top priority immediately after diagnosis/accident is the essence of preventive aspects. 1. Transportation route will bypass the villages falling in impact zone. 2. Transporation vehicles will be covered by tarpaulin covers to control the air pollution. 3. Catalyze combustion fitted with tractor trolley and silencers to air pollution. 4. All transportation vehicles carry a valid PUC certificates. 5. Minimum use of horns and speed limit of 10 km/hr in the village area to noise pollution. 6. Periodical free health camps will be taken up in the villages. At the primary basis provision of first aid has been adopted. Details regarding public health incorporated in Chapter -9, of Final REIA/ EMP Report.Regular medical checkup of the worker will be carried out in medical camp.

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36 Measures of socio economic significance and No adverse impact is anticipated on any socio influence to the local community proposed to economic environment. There is no inhabitation be provided by the Project Proponent should within the applied lease area. The mining activity be indicated. As far as possible, quantitative in this area will have positive impact on social dimensions may be given with time frames economic condition by way of providing for implementation. employment to the local in-habitats. Wages paid to them will increase the per capital income, housing, education, medical and transportation facilities, economic status health and agriculture.Directly 23 workers will be employing. Details of community welfare activities to be done for the local community, along with proposed budget Rs 30.00 Lac per annum are given below:-

Particulars Activity Rs in Lacs per Year Education Ø Distribution of uniform. Bags and study material to 6.0 school children, Ø Renovation of school building. Ø Distribution of sports goods in school children. Ø Books/Chemicals/sports kits to school library/laboratory/ school department. Health Ø General health camps for near by villagers. 6.0 Ø Eye, Blood, Diabeties check up camps. Ø Distribution of medicines free of cost. Infrastructure Ø Renovation of nearby community hall, school 5.0 Developement buildings, Aganbari Center, repairs of school terrace. Ø Construction of washroom in govt. school near villages. Drinking water & Ø Support for supply of drinking water. 5.0 other facilities. Ø Construction of sanitation facilities in govt. school. Training Ø Vocatonal training to persons for income generation 3.0 NGO Ø Assistance to self help groups. 5.0 Ø Surveillance programmeof the workers Total 30.0

37 Detailed environmental management plan to Detailed Environmental Management Plan has mitigate the environmental impacts which, been incorporated in Chapter: 9 and the should inter-alia include the impacts of environment impacts are given in Chapter: 4 of change of land use, loss of agricultural and Final REIA/EMP Report. grazing land, if any, occupational health impacts besides other impacts specific to the proposed Project.

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Particulars Details Air Quality Loading Water sprinkling will be done before loading by making it moist if require. Management Transportation Ø Water sprinkling during transportation over approach roads will be done for suppression of dust. Ø Regularmaintenance of machinery will be carried out. Ø Overloading will be prevented. Ø Tractor trolley will be covered by tarpaulin covers. Plantation Plantation will be carried out at the approach road, river bank and vicinity area Monitoring Periodic air quality monitoring will be done and adequate measures will be taken Noise Transportation 1. Source of noise will be during operation of transportation vehicles, for this Management propermaintenance will be done at regularintervals. 2. Oiling & greasing at regular interval will be done. 3. Adequate silencers will be provided in all the diesel engines of vehicles. 4. Minimum use of horns and speed limit of 20 km/hr. in the village area. 5. Its will be ensured that all transportation vehicles carry a valid PUC Certificates. Plantation Plantation will be carried out at the approach road, river bank and vicinity area Monitoring Periodic air quality monitoring will be done and adequate measures will be taken Water Surface water Waste water will not be generated during removal/ collection of Quality quality mgt. sand/Bajri. management Ground water 1. Ground water will not be intersected during mining activities. quality 2. Excavation will be carried out upto a maximum depth of 3 meter from management the surface of Bajri deposit. Waste water 1. Waste water will not be generated during removal/ collection of management sand/Bajri. 2. Washrooms will be made available near working blocks. 3. Soak pits will be provided for the disposal of domestic/ washrooms effluents. Solid Waste Management No waste is generated in the mining activities as the project involves collection of sand. Collection will be done during day light only. No stockpiling of collected River bank protection & sand will be done. Mining will be done for 3 meter thickness at a time in management the direction of river, to avoid the providing effect & maintaining the uniform surface. Markers showing water level will be marked on the site. OHS Adverse health impact can be due to air pollution, noise pollution etc. All control measures for air emissions, noise control will be taken to strictly comply with norms.

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38 Public hearing points raised and commitment Public Hearing was conducted at 11.00 AM on of the project proponent on the same along 01-10-2014, in the premises of Aaganbadi, Gram with time bound action plan to implement the Panchyat: Etawaha, Village: luhariya, Tehsil: same should be provided and also Begun, District: Chittorgarh, under the incorporated in the final EIA/EMP Report of Chairmanship of ADM Shri Harji Lal Atal for the Project. Proposed River Sand Mining Project located at Revenue villages of Tehsil: Begun, District: Chittorgarh, Rajasthan. Advertisement for conducting public hearing was published on 26.08.2014 in “Hindustan Times” & “Rajasthan Patrika” and revised advertisement for conducting public hearing was published on 30.09.2014 in “Rajasthan Patrika” & on 01.10.2014 in “Hindustan Times.Public Hearing Proceedings along with points raised and commitment of the project proponent on the same along with time bound action plan to implement have been incorporated and detailed public hearing proceedings incorporated in chapter No: 7, at Table No 7.1 & 7.2 in Revised EIA/EMP Report. 39 Details of litigation pending against the Yes, A PIL in the High court of Rajasthan filed project, if any, with direction /order passed by by an NGO, Nature Club of Rajasthan, Copy of any Court of Law against the project should the same enclosed as Annex-15. be given. 40 The cost of the project (capital cost and Capital cost for the Proposed project: Rs. 60 recurring cost) as well as the cost towards Lac. implementation of EMP should clearly be Proposed budget for EMP: Rs.30.0 Lac per spelt out. annum The same has been incorporated in Chapter: 9 of EIA/EMP Report.

S. No. Particulars Frequency Budgetary Provision in Rs. Lac per Annum 1 Water Sprinkling for dust suppression Regular 4.0

2 Environment Monitoring at mine site and Half 3.5 nearby areas i.e Water, Air, Soil & Noise etc. Yearly 3 Green Belt Development & Wire fencing at Per Year 1.0 plantation site 4 Budget for Conservation of Schedule-I Fauna Per Year 11.0 5 Others (specify)- 8.5 I. Haul road and village roads and metal road construction, repair and maintenance Regular II. Rainwater harvesting structure and 2.0 maintenance in villages of neaby lease area. Total 30.00

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41 Details of replenishment studies; Case Study by CAZRI has been used to calculate the sedimentation yield. The total annual sediment deposition was computed and found 0.84 LTPA, approx 50 % yearly.Given in Chapter: 4 of Final EIA/EMP Report 42 Details of Transportation of mined out The mined out material will be loaded directly materials as per the Indian Road Congress for into the tractor trolley and sent to buyers. No both the ways (loaded as well as unloaded impact on the environment is anticipated, as trucks) load and its impact on Environment; regular water sprinkling will be done in area and on haul road. As per the traffic density conducted at NH-76 and existing villages roads are capable of handling the additional traffic. Traffic analysis was carried out to understanding the carrying capacity of the roads near the project site and the connecting main roads in the area. No measure impact on local transport system anticipated. Because mining will be carried out on block basis (Total Block: 5) to minimized the impact for the same. All blocks are well connected with existing National land State highway with local road network. Existing road network is adequate to taken care of transportation load during mining operation.

43 Proper species specific Conservation plan for During the site visit of the of study area, Schedule–I and II species; Chinkara, Rock Phython, Panther and Peafowl species were found in study area. Conservation plan is given in Chapter 9 of Revised EIA/EMP report.Also submitted for the approval to concern authority vide letter No. Nil Dated 07- 10-2015. Budgetary Provision of Rs. 11.00 Lac of Conservation of Schedule Species. Under the Conservation plan for Schedule I Species Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatsus) is Rs. 12,50,000 for Panther (Panthera pardus) is Rs.15,00,000 for Rock Python (Python molurus molurus) is Rs. 20,00,000 and Chinara (Gzella bennetti) is Rs. 7,50,000 for five years are earmarked and totally Rs 55,00,000 is kept their conservation and protection. 44 Impact of mining on plankton No permanent surface water body is situated in and around proposed lease area. River is remaining dry except monsoon period. Hence, no significant impact anticipated on plankton at the time of Bajri removal concerned study is described in Chapter 3 of EIA-EMP Report.

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45 Details of mining activity to be provided w.r.t It is proposed to work in 05 blocks. Total block Block Wise/ Calendar wise/ Zonal wise, as (A, B, C, D & E). Entire stretch of the lease area the mine lease area having a long stretch. has been divided into five blocks for smooth operation and management and safety. Workings will be restricted within the lease area. The five years proposed production details have been given below:- Year Production (in LTPA) I 1.68 II 1.68 III 1.68 IV 1.68 V 1.68 .Given in Chapter: 2 of EIA/EMP report. 46 Details of Gradient of river bed to be provided; and S. Name of Lengh River bed Average No River in Km Elevation bed in MSL slope (m / km): 1 Berach 16 384 – 368 1 River

2 Ruparail 14 381-368 0.9

47 Details of excavation schedule & sequential Excavation schedules of sand are described as mining plan. follows:

Year Block A Block B Block C Block D Block E Production Area in Sqm in Ton 1st 33600 33600 33600 33600 33600 168000 40000 2nd 33600 33600 33600 33600 33600 168000 40000 3rd 33600 33600 33600 33600 33600 168000 40000 4th 33600 33600 33600 33600 33600 168000 40000 5th 33600 33600 33600 33600 33600 168000 40000 48 The Mining Plan shall be prepared carefully, It is proposed to work in 05 blocks. The mining dividing lease area into Manageable blocks to plan has been prepared carefully and scientific & ensure scientific and systematic mining of systematic mining will be adopted for resource minor minerals. conservation, safety of workers, minimization of degradation of surrounding environment, etc. which will overall help in sustainable development. Details are Given in Chapter: 2 of EIA/EMP Report. 49 The base line data shall be collected so as to The baseline data has been collected during post- represent the whole mine lease area. monsoon period 2013 to represents the whole study area as per as per EIA Manual and guidelines of EIA Act. 2006 and sequential amendment.

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Besides the above, the below mentioned general points will also have to be followed:- a All documents to be properly referenced All documents have been properly referenced with index and continuous page numbering. with index, page numbers and continuous page numbering. b Where data are presented in the report The data presented in the report especially in especially in tables, the period in which the table, along with the period in which the data data were collected and the sources should be was collected and the source has been indicated. incorporated. c Where the documents provided are in a Complied with language other than English, an English translation should be provided. d The Questionnaire for Environmental The questionnaire for environmental appraisal of Appraisal of Mining projects as devised by mining projects as devised by the Ministry is the Ministry shall also be filled and submitted. enclosed as Annexure – 10 e While preparing the EIA report, the All instruction mentioned in O.M. No. J- instructions for the proponents and 11013/41/2006-IA.II (I) dated 4th August, 2009 instructions for the consultants issued by are being complied with. MoEF vide O.M. No. J-11013/41/2006- IA.II (I) dated 4th August, 2009, which are available on the website of this Ministry should also be followed. f Changes, if any made in the basic scope and There is no change made in the basic scope and project parameters (as submitted in Form-I project. and the F.R for securing the TOR) should be brought to the attention of MoEF with reasons for such changes and permission should be sought, as the TOR may also have to be altered. Post Public Hearing changes in structure and content of the draft EIA/ EMP (other than modifications arising out of the P.H. process) will entail conducting the PH again with the revised documentation. g As per the circular no. J-11011/618/2010- This is New River Sand Mining Project. IA.II(I) dated 30.5.2012, you are requested to submit certified report of the status of compliance of the conditions stipulated in the environment clearance for the existing operations of the project by the Regional Office of Ministry of Environment & Forests, if applicable.

1.5 POST ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE MONITORING Environmental Monitoring Program will be implemented for the proposed mining operations in post-environmental clearance phase also. Environmental monitoring programme includes (i) Environmental surveillance (ii) Analysis & interpretation of data (iii) preparation of reports to support environmental management system and (iv) Time to time Compliance of EC and CTO. A comprehensive environmental surveillance will be carried out by the project proponent. Monitoring report will be directly sent to the regulatory authorities.

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1.6 GENERIC STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT DOCUMENT As per the EIA guidance manual prepared by Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI), Hyderabad, The mining sector manual consists of eleven chapters, which correspond to the generic structure given as per EIA notification 2006, as amended December 2009. Based on this manual, the generic structure of the report is as follows: § Introduction § Project Description § Description of the Environment § Anticipated Environmental Impact & mitigation Measures § Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site) § Environmental Monitoring Programme § Additional studies § Project benefits § Environment Management Plan § Summary & Conclusion § Disclosure of Consultant Engaged 1.7 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT PROPONENT Name of Project: - Mining of River Sand in Rivers, Tehsil: Begun, District: Chittorgarh, State: Rajasthan. (List of villages with Khasara No. enclosed as Annexure No.3). Project Proponent: M/s Rajasthan Fort and Palace Pvt. Ltd. Address: 312, Ganapati Plaza MI Road, Jaipur. M/s Rajasthan Fort and Palace Pvt. Ltd. has been granted a mining lease for extraction of Sand over an area of 286.43 Ha. The lessee is engaged in minor minerals mining profession since last 10-12 years. The Applicant was experienced person in mining profession with a sound financial background. Letter of Intent enclosed as Annexure No.2. 1.8 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT The proposed project is an open cast Semi-mechanized mining. It has been proposed to collect sand from the river bed of Rivers. Mining will be confined to the allotted lease area which lies on the river bed of Rivers from which approximately 1.68 Lac Tonnes per year of sand will be excavated and the estimated project cost is Rs. 60 lac. The Department of Mines and Geology intend to award mining lease of River Sand as per letter no. funs@i- 2¼,&3½fpRrkSM@ctjh@2012@837 dated 30.11.2012 PROJECT NATURE, SIZE & LOCATION: The proposed project is river bed sand mining project.It has been proposed to excavate approximately 1.68 lac tons of river sand annually over an area of 286.43 Ha. The mining area is located in Revenue villages of Tehsil: Begun, District: Chittorgarh, State: Rajasthan. Table-1.2 shows the salient features of the proposed project. Nature of Project Sand Mining Size of project Mining Lease Area: 286.43 Ha. (Govt. Land ) Proposed Capacity 1.68 LTPA Project Location Revenue Villages of Tehsil: Begun, District: Chittorgarh, State: Rajasthan

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Latitude 25°5’55” N to 25°10’20” N Longitude 74°46’57” E to 74°51’40” E Survey of India Topo-sheet 45K/12, 45K/16 No. Elevation 368 mRL is the lowest and 384 mRL is the highest point in the Rivers Grant of Mine Lease Vide order no. funs@i-2¼,&3½fpRrkSM@ctjh@2012@837 dated 30.11.2012. Mining Method Semi mechanized opencast Nearest Railway station Chittorgarh (Aerial distance 33 km) Nearest National Highway NH-76 (0.3 km from proposed lease area) Interstate boundaries There is no interstate boundary within 10 km study area. Water bodies Banas River at 5.25 km North direction. Davliya Banth 7.1 km E-S-E direction. Ecological Sensitive Areas Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary situated in 1.08 km. (National Park, Wild Life Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Corridors, Tiger/ Elephant Reserves) Seismic Zone Zone – II [as per IS 1893 (Part-I): 2002] Note: All the distances mentioned above are aerial distances

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Fig No 1.1 FCC of Study Area

1.9 REGULATORY COMPLIANCES & APPLICABLE LAWS/REGULATIONS a) There is no legal case against the project and project proponent.

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b) There is no national park notified under the Wildlife Protection Act in the lease area. The mining lease for extraction of Sand has been granted for an area of 286.43 Ha. The area is situated at Revenue villages of Tehsil: Begun, District-Chittorgarh, State: Rajasthan. The mine lease area was granted in favor of M/s Rajasthan Fort and Palace Pvt. Ltd., vide order no. funs@i-2¼,&3½fpRrkSM@ctjh@2012@837 dated 30.11.2012 for a lease period of 5 years for mining of sand. 1.10 INFRASTRUCTURE 1.10.1NEAREST RAILWAY STATION Chittorgarh which is about 33 km from the lease area 1.10.2 NEAREST AIRPORT Dabok Airport, Udaipur - 106 km from the lease Area 1.10.3 NEAREST HIGHWAY NH-76 (Allahabad to Pindwara) about 0.3 km from lease area. 1.11 COST OF THE PROJECT The estimated capital cost of the project along with EMP budget is Rs.60 Lac. 1.12 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The main objectives of this EMP are listed below: Ø To establish the present environmental scenario. Ø To anticipate the impacts of proposed future mining operations on the environment. Ø To prepare a detailed action plan for implementation of mitigative measures. Ø To suggest preventive and mitigative measures to minimize adverse impact and to maximize beneficial impacts. Ø To prepare a compensatory afforestation scheme. Ø To suggest a monitoring programmed to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigative measures. Ø To suggest the formation of a core group responsible for implementation of environmental control and protective measures and monitoring of such implementation. Ø To suggest a feedback mechanism enabling to make mid - course corrections. Ø To prepare a capital cost estimate and annual recurring cost for Environmental Management Plan 1.13 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA M/s. Enviro Concept (I) Pvt. Ltd. was assigned the job of conduction of EIA report of the proposed river bed mining project in Tehsil – Begun of District – Chittorgarh, State – Rajasthan. The study was conducted within 10 Km radius from the proposed mine as center. The base line data collection involves the data’s of air quality, water status, land use, socio-economic structure of the study area, existing flora, fauna, prevailing noise levels, along with the physiographical status and meteorological conditions of the area. The current report is based on the mining technique, air emissions, waste water generation and discharge, and solid waste management. Effective plans to mitigate the adverse impacts and suggestive pollution control measures along with environmental management plan have been summarized.

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1.14 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The terms of reference on the basis of which the EIA has been prepared are given below: 1.14.1 DATA GENERATION The data has been generated by M/s Enviro Concept (I) Pvt. Ltd., and M/s Noida Testing Laboratories. Noida, (UP), in accordance with the requirement of statutory agencies. The monitoring and testing has been done as per the guidelines of MoEF and the IS standards. Monitoring has been conducted for the following parameters: TABLE 1.3 DATA GENERATION S. No Description No.of Total No. of Locations Samples 1.0 AIR 9 216 Ambient air monitoring (24 hourly samples), twice a week for 3 months of locations.

Parameters:PM2.5,PM10,SO2, NOx & CO 1.1 Meteorological parameters will be measured 1 90 days at hourly duration simultaneously at one air monitoring station for 3 months. Parameters: a. Wind speed, direction b. Relative humidity c. Temperature d. Cloudiness e. Rainfall 2.0 WATER 5 5 Ground water Water/effluents sample to be collected from (Ground each of the various locations (ground water ) water) in core and buffer zone (10 km radius). Parameters: Water/effluents: tested for physical and chemical parameters as well as according to applicable standards. 3.0 Soil Monitoring 5 05 sets 4.0 Noise Monitoring 9 9 sets Hourly readings taken for 24 hours (Leq) 5.0 Traffic Study 2 Set 2 Set

1.14.2 DATA COLLECTION The EIA study is being done for the Mine Lease (core zone) and area within 10 km radius (buffer zone), both of which comprise the ‘study area. The following data, through field survey and other sources, has been collected by Enviro Concept (I) Pvt. Ltd., for preparing the EIA/EMP for the proposed mining area with related facilities. i) Details of wild fauna and flora within a distance of 10 km from the project site and

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ii) Information about forests, if any. iii) Eco-sensitive places, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves within 10 km radius. iv) Major industries within 10 km radius. v) Religious places / historical monuments and tourist places within 10 km radius. vi) Land use pattern within core zone and buffer zone (10 km radius around the core zone). vii) Based on census and satellite image and cropping pattern. viii) Demography and Socio-economic based on last available Census data for entire study area. ix) Site specific Meterological Data collected and verifieid with nearest IMD station. x) Study of present environmental protection and mitigation measures in nearby operating similar projects, if any. xi) Geo-hydrological aspects based on available data from various secondary sources. xii) Identification of water bodies, hills, roads etc. within 10 km radius. 1.14.3 PREPARATION OF EMP The EMP will include the following details: a) Study of the reports like Geological report, FR or mining plan made available by the client. b) Present Environmental Setting c) Identification, prediction and evaluation of Anticipated Environmental Impact due to the proposed Mine and related facilities. The environmental impacts would be anticipated in core and buffer zone on: - Topography and drainage - Climate - Water quality(Surface/Ground) - Hydro-geological Regime - Air quality - Noise Levels - Flora and Fauna - Traffic density - Land-Use - Socio-Economic Conditions - Habitat - Health, culture, human environment including public health, occupational health and safety - Sensitive Places/Historical Monuments. The impacts would be anticipated based on experience of similar projects. d. Proposed Environmental Safeguards and Monitoring Mechanism. Relevant guidelines as per Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification issued in January 1994 and subsequently on 14th September 2006 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 will be kept in mind while spelling out mitigation measures. The following aspects would be covered I. Reclamation of areas disturbed during mining but not required for any activity after exhaustion of reserves.

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II. Measures to control the surface and ground water pollution due to various effluents to be discharged, if any. III. Measures to control air pollution due to proposed activities/operation. IV. Green belt development plan and reclamation plan of mine. V. Measures to contain noise pollution & mitigate adverse impact on workers and habitat in core and buffer zone. VI. Pronounce the improvement in socio-economic conditions & benefits the people will get on implementation of the project. VII. Measures to control health hazard of workers and surrounding population. VIII. Total and specific cost of control measures. IX. Environmental monitoring, implementation organization and feedback mechanism to effect mid-course corrections. X. Identification of flora species which can be planted in and around the project.

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CHAPTER-2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.0 GENERAL M/s Rajasthan Fort and Palace Pvt. Ltd propose to develop a River Sand mining in Tehsil: Begun, District: Chittorgarh, State: Rajasthan. Total lease area of River sand mining is 286.43 Ha., covering the 17 villages falling along the Rivers. The land form is river bed and non-forest land. The river beds area is belong to Government land as per revenue records. The Mine Lease area falls on Survey of India Toposheet No. 45K/12, 45 K/16. Project proponent: M/s Rajasthan Fort and Palace Pvt. Ltd. Ownership/Occupancy: River beds and nalas under mining lease areas are owned by Govt. of Rajasthan. Table No. 2.1 Villages covering lease area Name of village Khasra No. Area in Hectares 1. Saran 1,2,3,5,416/1,417/5, 64.87 2. Ruppura 1,2,89 3.01 3. Chavandiya 545,616, 12.642 4. Aakodiya 1,24 15.251 5. Bada Kheda 1,2 14.787 6. Luhariya 1,333,334,335,337,495,496,49 69.258 7,481 7. Meghpura 5,12,403,425,818,820,823,843, 11.826 8. Kitiyas 260,262/260 7.54 9. Chosla 12,13 21.237 10. Motipura 1 7.48 11. Torniya 284 11.47 12. Barniyas 1,327,459,460,462/327 8.384 13. Hado ka Kheda 80 2.63 14. Bhinchor 873,1145,1491 5.71 15. Devlach 237,380 13.53 16. Parsoli 76,93,338 14.5 17. Hamepur 21,380/219 2.31 Total 286.43 Ha.

2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT The proposed project is to mine sand from the lease area. The estimated project cost is Rs 60 Lac. The Department of Mines and Geology intend to award mining lease of River Sand as per letter no. funs@i-2¼,&3½fpRrkSM@ctjh@2012@837 dated 30.11.2012. Its river sand area spreads in an area of 286.43 Ha, which is government transverse land. 2.1.1 LOCATION DETAILS The proposed mining project is located in Revenue villages of Tehsil: Begun, District: Chittorgarh, Rajasthan. The project site is covered under Survey of India Toposheet no: 45K/12, 45K/16. (1:50000 scale) and the area falls between 25°10’20”N to 25°5’55”N

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Latitudes & 74°46’57”E to 74°51’40” E Longitudes. The elevation of the ML area varies from 368-384 MSL. Fig - 2.1 Shows the location map of the project. Fig - 2.1 Location Map of the Project

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2.1.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT & IMPORTANCE TO THE COUNTRY OR REGION The demand of sand in the area is increasing day by day both for private construction activities and infrastructure development by the Government Agencies The economy of India is the eleventh largest in the world by nominal GDP and the third largest by purchasing power parity. The country is one of the G-20 major economies and a member of BRICS. To control illegal mining,Hon'ble Supreme Court stated in order given dated 27.02.2012 that all mining projects of minor minerals (including river bed mining) and their renewal, irrespective of the size of the lease would henceforth require prior Environment Clearance. Therefore, Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has issued guidelines on 18.05.2012 for Implementation of Apex Court Order for mining projects of minor minerals for their Environmental Clearance. Therefore the riverbed sand mining project requires prior Environmental Clearance. To regulate and minimize the impacts of riverbed sand mining; mining will be carried out scientifically and systematically as per approved Mining Plan. 2.1.3 DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAP There is large demand of sand for construction activities in the region. Demand of sand will be fulfilled by this project to various end users in open market. The Bajri which is an important component in the construction activities of any kind increases the demand as whole. During the last three to four years sudden increase in the real estate activities in the region has further enhanced the high demand of the bajri which will be fulfilled by this project. 2.1.4 EXPORT POSSIBILITY Sand will be sold out in only local market as well as regional market. No export of mined out sand is envisaged. 2.2 LEASEHOLD AREA Total lease hold area of 286.43 Ha lies in the river bed. The area break up of lease area is shown in the following table. Table No. 2.2 Area Break Up of Leased Area S. No. Particular Area (Ha) 1 River Bed Area 286.43 Ha 2 Agricultural Land Nil 3 Grazing Land Nil 4 Forest Land Nil Total 286.43 Ha

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Fig- 2.2 Photographs of the ML Area

North-West North-East

South-West South-East

2.3 GEOLOGICAL PROFILE OF THE AREA The district takes its name from the town of Chittorgarh, which appears to have been derived from Chitrakot, the ancient fort in the town.The district is located between the latitudes 23°32' and 25°13' north and longitudes 74°12' and 75°49' east in the south eastern part of the state. The district comprises of 12 tehsils namely, Nimbahera, Bari Sadri, Begun, Chittorgarh, Pratapgarh, Bhainsrorgarh, Rashmi, Dungla, Gangrar, Bhadesar and Choti Sadri. The district has two parts, the smaller portion or Bhainsrorgarh in the east is separated by the state of Madhya Pradesh. The district has an area of 10,858 km2. Topographically the district is undulating with scattered hills of the Aravalli Ranges. The Western Southern and Northern parts of the district are somewhat plain. A series of hills run North-South forming parallel valleys to the East of Chittorgarh. Bhainsrorgarh area is practically hilly. The main rivers flowing through this district are Chambal, Banas, Berach, Gambhiri, and Jakham with smaller rivers like Wagon, Gungali etc. Regionally Geology of the area along & around the Berach River bed in Chittorgarh tehsil & district Chittorgarh comprises various rocks belonging to Bhilwara & Vindhyan Supergroup. The area comprises Shale, limestone, sandstone belonging to Vindhyan Supergroup & Shale, slate, phyllite, quartzite of Bhilwara Supergroup intruded by Berach granite, granite & dolorite.

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2.3.1 REGIONAL GEOLOGY Regionally geology of the area along & around the River bed of Berach & Ruparail in Begun tehsil district Chittorgarh comprises of various rocks belonging to Bhilwara Supergroup. The area comprises of biotite schist, quartzite, dolomite, amphibolite, graphitic mica schist, calc gneisses, amphibolite schist belonging to Mangalwar complex, Rajpura Dariba Group & Pur Banera Group of Bhilwara Supergroup. The regional stratigraphical sequence of rocks in the area can be summarized as follows - Table No. 2.3 Regional Lithostratigraphy of Area Era Supergroup Group Formation Litho units A BHILWARA Pur Banera Rewara Calc gneiss, calc schist R > 2500 m.y Mica schist C Quartzite H Amphibolite schist A Rajpura- Bhinder Quartzite E Dariba Graphitic mica schist A Dolomitic marble N Mangalwar Potla Dolomite complex Quartzite Biotite schist Dolomitic marble/crystalline limestone/calc silicate. Source: Approved Mining Plan with Progressive Mine Closure Plan

2.3.2 LOCAL GEOLOGY: The geology along the River bed comprises of biotite schist, quartzite, dolomite of Potla formation of Mangalwar complex calc gneiss, calc schist, mica schist of Rewara formation of Pur-Banera Group. The area comprises of Berach granite, Jhiri shale of limestone, Ganugarh shale, samaria shale with dolomitic limestone, Fluvial sand and bolders are exposed in the lease area, which to be mined. Local geology of the study area also shown as Fig.: 2.3. The stratigraphical sequences of rocks along the river bed are as follows: Table No 2.4 Stratigraphical sequences of rocks Era Super group Group Formation Litho units

PROTEROZOIC VINDHYAN Khorip Suket shale shale Nimbahera Limestone Limestone Bari shale Shales Jiran sandstone Sandstone and Khorimalan conglomerate Lasrawan Binota shale Shale Unconformity Berach granite

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Archaean Bhilwara Hindoli Bhadesar Shale, slate, phyllite, quartzite & dolomite

Fig. No 2.3 Geological Map of the Study Area

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Fig- 2.4 Surface Geological Map with Section of the ML area 2.3.3 ESTIMATION OF RESERVES The total mineable reserves are 77.98 Lac ton. The lease of mine is for 5 years, with the proposed production capacity of 1.68 LTPA. For the systematic estimation and operation

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river stretch of 17 villages has been calculated as per 3 meter average thickness of River sand which is ultimate limit of mining in river. Total area = 286.43 Ha PROVED RESERVES a) Survey was conducted in entire lease area of the river bed as per the area allocated in different villages, vide list given by ME Chittorgarh. This is the basic document provided by the authorities. Khasra Plan was provided by the applicant. Sections were drawn on scale 1:20000. b) As per Rule 18 of Rules, 2012 of MMCR, 1986 clause 32 stipulates “In case of mining lease of mineral Bajri, the lease/leases shall abstain from mining beyond depth of 3.0 m from the surface and below the water in such a manner that natural path of river is not altered”. c) 7.5m offset will also be left against the river banks to protect side collapse\scouring and riparian vegetation. d) River is not having any water flow during post monsoon period and sand bed remains dry. e) Mineral reserves are calculated up to 3 m depth from river bed surface RL. f) A safety zone of 45.0 mt. radius is being demarked for the wells located in the river bad. All reserves are proved reserves. Details given as follow: Table No 2.5 Blocked reserves as per UNFC code (211 & 122) Water bodies 4.0 Ha Roads (8 in Nos.) 6.30 Ha Anicut 3.70 Ha Electric line 11.75 Ha Total blocked reserve 4231500 Tones Reserve calculation – Area in sq.mt x thickness of Bajri x bulk density Proved reserves as per UNFC code (111) Total Lease Area: 286.43 Ha., Total reserves = 12030060 Ton Minable Reserves = A-B = 12030060 - 4231500 = 7798560 Ton Say 77.98 Lac ton.

2.3.4 QUALITY OF RESERVES The size of sediments varies from 1 mm to about 3 mm and is not uniform. The grains in the all size, small or large are rounded to sub rounded in shape. The colour of river sand is grayish fine to course grained. River sand weathered particles of feldspethic rocks of granitic composition with mixture of silica and other accessories minerals.The sand is composed of loose rounded silica grains of varying size with minor clay and sand particle with pebbles and is being used for preparing of pieces which are used as building materials. The River Sand is of two grades i.e. fine and coarse River Sand and used for different purpose as tabulated below Table No. 2.6. Table No.2.6 Grade & uses of River Sand Type of River Sand Grade Uses

Low grade River Sand SiO2 up to 85% Building materials of low

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Fe2O3 up to 2.75 % cost use

High Grade River Sand SiO2 up to 98% Building of medium and Fe2O3 up to 0.5 % high class use

2.4 TECHNOLOGY AND MINING DESCRIPTION The mining process is opencast semi-Mechanized river bed mining of minor minerals. Mining activity will be carried out by open cast semi mechanized method. Light weight excavators will be used for loading of mineral in tippers. No OB/waste material will be produced. No drilling/blasting is required as the material is loose in nature. Proper benching will be maintained. Roads will be properly made and water sprayed for suppression of dust. As per the production programmed and the envisaged area of activity a length of approximately 3.2 Km will be extracted during the five year plan period. Approach roads from the mining lease area already described earlier will be merging with permanent tar road on both sides of the river for transportation of the mineral to final destination. Fig- 2.5 Process Flow Diagram for river sand mining

River Sand Area

Removal from River sand

River sand excavation up to depth of

3 mt

River sand loaded on Truck/dumpers

Table No: 2.7 Mining Details

S. No. PARTICULARS DETAILS 1 Method of Mining Open Cast Semi-mechanized 2 Mineable Reserves 77.98 Lac Ton 3 Proposed Production 1.68 LTPA 4 No. of Bench 1 5 Total Blocks 5 ( A,B,C,D,E) 6 Bench Height 3.0 mt 7 Ultimate working depth 3 m 8 Elevation Range 384-368 mRL 9 Ground Water Table Pre-monsoon : 12.10-18.96 m bgl Post-monsoon : 7.45-10.72 m bgl 10 Number of working days 280

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2.4.1 WORKING DEPTH During the entire lease period, the river sand will be excavated from the surface up to 3 m bgl or above one meter above water level, whichever is earlier. 2.4.2 DETAILS OF MINING ACTIVITIES WITH RESPECT TO BLOCK – WISE, CALENDAR – WISE / ZONAL -WISE Lease has been allotted for a period of 5 years only. Lease area consists of 286.43 Ha in Khasra of 17 villages in a stretch of 16 & 14 km it is proposed to work in 05 blocks and estimated based on Sp. Gravity 1.4 M3/Tone, maximum working depth 3.0 mt. from the river beds. Details given as belows: Table 2.8 (A) Details of Blocks Block Lattitude Longitude Area in Hect. A 25°07’18.6” N to 74°47’34.2” E to 4.0 25°07’51.1” N 74°48’05.4” E B 25°11’24.6” N to 74°53’52.6” E to 4.0 25°11’36.1” N 74°54’33.2” E C 25°08’56.4” N to 74°52’12.3” E to 4.0 25°09’20.4” N 74°52’17.4” E D 25°06’49.8” N to 74°53’03.6” E to 4.0 25°07’0.6” N 74°53’27.6” E E 25°06’47.4” N to 74°55’47.3” E to 4.0 25°06’55.8” N 74°56’22.14” E

Table 2.8 (B) Block Wise Production Details Year Block Block Block Block Block Production Volume A B C D E in Tones in Cum 1st 33600 33600 33600 33600 33600 168000 1,20,000 2nd 33600 33600 33600 33600 33600 168000 1,20,000 3rd 33600 33600 33600 33600 33600 168000 1,20,000 4th 33600 33600 33600 33600 33600 168000 1,20,000 5th 33600 33600 33600 33600 33600 168000 1,20,000 Source: Approved Mining Plan Table 2.9: Proposed Production S. No. Per year production (Ton) Recovery (100%) 1 168000 168000 2 168000 168000 3 168000 168000 4 168000 168000 5 168000 168000 Total 840000 840000 *Bulk density is 1.40 ton\m3

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2.4.3 CONCEPTUAL MINING PLAN The ultimate working depth will be restricted to 3.0 m only or 1.0 m above the ground water table.This will be further replenished to some extent during rainy season. As the lease period is 5 years, some of the area will be left un-worked at the end of lease period. 2.4.4. DETAILS OF EXCAVATION SCHEDULE AND SEQUENTIAL MINING PLAN The year-wise and block wise excavation mining scheduled for 5 years lease period, as per approved mining plan, is presented in Table 2.8 and the corresponding production in tonnage is shown in Table 2.9. It is evident from Table 2.8 that the annually 4 ha area shall be mined out from the total lease area (286.43 Ha) 2.5 GENERAL FEATURES 2.5.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY The area is marked by flat topography of igneous formation, which are surrounded by fine to coarse grained sandy soil overlying the River Sand deposit 368 mRL is the lowest and 384 mRL is the highest RL in the Rivers, Tehsil Begun district Chittorgarh. 2.5.2 SURFACE DRAINAGE PATTERN It is a river bed mining project. The total lease area is located in the rivers catchment/water shed area. 2.5.3 VEHICULAR TRAFFIC DENSITY The roads connect from the mine site to National Highway No. 76. and no’s of village roads. These roads are wide enough to facilitate easy and smooth movement of heavy duty trucks. Movement of trucks after mineral loading will be towards both sides through approach roads connecting to tar road and then to National Highway-76 for destination. On this Highway trucks/trolleys ply regularly and it will easily accommodate additional dumper/tippers per hour. 2.5.4 TOWNSHIP Since this mining is intermittent and labour employed would be mostly from adjoining villages, no colony is proposed. 2.5.5 INFRASTRUCTURE: The site services like temporary rest shelter, portable toilets, first aid box, and drinking water facilities will be provided to workers at the mine site. Temporary structures/ tents will be provided as rest room for mine workers. In the rest room drinking water and first aid facility will be provided. 2.5.6 POWER, WATER SUPPLY AND OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENT All the activities will be proposed during day time. Hence, No electrical power shall be required for operations of mining machinery which are diesel based prime movers. Only HSD oil shall be needed as primary energy source for running of mining machinery will be arranged from the nearby diesel depot. The water requirement in the mine is 4.0 KLD for mining activities. About 2.0 KLD will be required for domestic purpose and about 2.0 KLD will be required for dust suppression and greenbelt development. Water will be made available by the water tankers. Table No.2.10 Water Requirement Activity Water requirement in KLD Domestic Use 2

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Plantation & Dust 2 Suppression Total 4

Fig-2.6 Water Balance Water Requirement: 4.0 KLD Source – Water Tanker

Drinking Water Plantation & Dust Domestic use 2.0 KLD Suppression 2 KLD

0.5 KLD Consumption

1.5 KLD Discharge in Discharged to Natural Septic Tank / Soakpit Drainage: Nil

2.5.7 EXTENT OF MECHANIZATION All the mining machinery will be used will belong to contractor on hire basis. The mining will be done with the help of Excavators, Front End Loaders, Dumpers, etc. Following equipment is proposed to be deployed for the desired production. Table No.2.11 List of Machinery S. No. Name of machinery Capacity Nos. 1 Excavators 0.9 to 1.2 m3 5 2 Tippers\ Trucks 20 ton 10 3 Pay loader JCB - 5 4 Light vehicles - 1 Source: Approved Mining Plan Office and Store: An office will be constructed near lease area may be constructed on appropriate location. Workshop: Mining will be semi mechanized so there is essential requirement of a work shop where loading and haulage machineries and equipment will be repair and maintained for regular and smooth working. First Aid Box: Although the river bed mining project does not involve any major risks but a first aid box with adequate medicine will be maintained as per Mines act / Rules at the project site. Sanitation Facilities: Temperary toilet or sanitation facilities will be provided separately for male & female workers as when required. 2.6.1 MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS The proposed mining activity is envisaged to improve the socio-economic condition on a micro-economic scale by generating local employment. M/s Rajasthan fort and Palace Pvt.

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Ltd. will follow a strict policy on recruiting locally available labor. About 23 mining workers shall be employed in mining operations, other skilled & semi-skilled workers. Table No.2.12 employment details S. No. Category Numbers 1 Manager- 1st class 1 2 Safety officer\Assistants 1 3 Mine foreman 1 4 Mine Mate 5 5 Semi skilled personnel 5 6 Un skilled personnel 10 Total 23

2.7 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE Efforts are being made to obtain all the statutory permissions of the mine.The commencement of production with proposed capacity of 1.68 LTPA will start soon after obtaining Environmental Clearance from MoE&F followed by CTE & CTO.

*****

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CHAPTER-3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

3.0 GENERAL In order to assess the impacts of project activities on existing physical, biological and social environment, it is necessary to study the present scenario of the area by collecting the information on following parameters: · Land Environment · Soil Environment · Water Environment · Air Environment · Meteorology · Noise Environment · Biological Environment · Socio-economic Environment The relevant information and data (both primary & secondary) were collected in core as well as buffer zone (10 km distance from the lease boundary) during Post-Monsoon Season 2013 in accordance with the guidelines for preparation of EIA studies. Secondary data was collected from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) observatory nearest to the site), geology, hydrology, ecology, socio-economic conditions from SOI, Water Resource, Forest, Census, Statistical department etc STUDY AREA The study area is taken in accordance with the provisions of sector specific EIA guidance manual for Mining of Minerals manual published by Ministry of Environment and Forests, during 2010. The study area for the proposed sand mining is as follows: § The proposed project area (Mine lease area) is considered as ‘Core Zone’ § 10 km. radius from the boundary limits of the mine lease area is considered as ‘Buffer Zone’ The lease area is located in Revenue villages of Tehsil: Begun, District: Chittorgarh, Rajasthan. Table 3.1 Environmental setting of the study area 1. General Particular i Latitude (N) Latitude: 25°10’20” N to 25°5’55” N Longitude(E) Longitude: 74°46’57” E to 74°51’40” E ii Study area 10 km iii Tehsil Begun iv Village 17 Revenue Villages of Begun Tehsil v District Chittorgarh 2. Total No. of Household: 11014 (Core & Buffer Area) i Total Population 50474 a) Male 25599 b) Female 24875 ii. Total Literate 22276

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a) Male 14689 b) Female 7587 3. Climatology i Average rainfall (mm) Nil ii Temperature (ºC) 7.6 - 34.6 iii Relative Humidity (At 08:30 hrs) 56-83% iv Relative Humidity (At 17:30 hrs) 25-38% v Relative Humidity (Min.) 20% ( Summer) vi Dominant Wind Direction NE to SW *Source: Demography Data-Census, 2011& IMD STUDY PERIOD The baseline environmental quality represents the background scenario of various environmental components in the study area. As part of Environmental Impact Assessment study, baseline environmental monitoring was carried out for post-monsoon season covering the months of October-November-December 2013. Table 3.2 Test Methodology for Environmental Monitoring and Testing S. Instrument Model and Make of Parameter Test Method Range No. used instrument IS 5182 (Part-23) RDS 2006,Gravimetric 5 to 1000 (Respirable APM 460BL 01 PM CPCB Guidelines 10 µg/m3 Dust (Envirotech) for Ambient Air Sampler) Monitoring Gravimetric CPCB Guidelines 5 to 1000 APM 550 02 PM APM 550 2.5 for Ambient Air µg/m3 ( Envirotech) Monitoring APM411 IS 5182 (Part-II) 5 to 100 03 SO Gas sampler (Envirotech) 2 2001,Reaff.2006 µg/m3 AAS109 (Ecotech) APM411 IS 5182 (Part-VI) 6.0 to 100 04 NO Gas sampler (Envirotech) 2 2006 µg/m3 AAS109 (Ecotech) 0-100 05 CO IS 5182: Part-10 -- -- mg/m3 Weather Rainfall: Monitoring 0.25mm - (Air 100mm / temperature hr. Weather 06 -- AWM (Ecotech) – MAX & Air monitor MIN, Max pressure: RH, Min 350 mb - RH, Wind 950mb

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Speed, Wind direction, Rainfall, Air pressure, IS 9876 – 1981and SLM 100 30 – Sound Level 07 Noise manufactures (Envirotech) 130dB(A) Meter Manual

Drinking IS 10500:2012, IS

08 Water 3025 Various - - - Testing Parts

Ref: Soil Chemical Analysis 09 Soil Testing - - - by M.L. Jackson Flame Photometry

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Fig No 3.1 Topographical Map of the Study Area

3.1 LAND ENVIRONMENT Land Cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth (it include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc.) whereas Land use is the human use of land. Land Use involves the management and modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment such as fields, pastures, and settlements. It has also been defined as "the arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type to produce, change or maintain it". Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play an imperative role in identifying susceptible issues and to take appropriate action to uphold ecological equilibrium in the region. The main objective of this section is to provide a baseline status of the study area covering 10-km radius around the mining lease so that temporal changes due to the mining activities on the surroundings can be assessed in future.

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3.1.1 OBJECTIVE The Objectives of Land Use Studies Area § To develop land use & land cover map using land coordinates of the project area. § To identify and mark important basic features according to primary and secondary data. § To suggest measures for conservation and sustainable use of land. 3.1.2 METHODOLOGY § Preliminary/Primary Data Collection of the Study Area § Satellite data procurement from NRSC Hyderabad § Secondary Data Collection From Authorized Bodies § Survey of India Toposheet (SOI) 45 K/12, 45 K/16 on 1:50,000 scale § Cadastral / Khasra Map § GPS Coordinates of Mining Lease area § Processing of satellite data using ERDAS Imagine 9.2 and prepare the land use &land cover maps (e.g. Forest, agriculture, settlements, wasteland, water bodies etc.) by digital image processing (dip) techniques. § Geo-Referencing of the Survey of India Toposheet § Geo-Referencing of Satellite Imagery with the help of Geo-Referenced Toposheets § Enhancement of the Satellite Imagery § Base Map Layer Creation (Roads, Railway, Village Names and others Secondary data etc.) § Ground Truth Studies or Field Verification. § Final Map Generation 3.1.3 LAND USE PATTERN The study area of 10-km around the lease area is considered in the land use pattern study. For computation of the land use pattern in the study area ERDAS IMAGINE-9.2, Arc GIS and AUTO CADD software are used. The geographical area of all settlements covered within the study area is considered. The land use is classified into 8 classes-viz. Settlement, forest area, road, railway track, water bodies, agricultural land, Nalah, scrub land. The land use of the study area is given below:-

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Figure 3.2 Land Use/Land Cover Map Table: 3.3 Land use /Land Cover Class distribution in 10 km Buffer are from Mine Lease Boundary S. No. Class Area in Ha. Area% 1 Water Body ( encl’ Lease 2173.34 2.62

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Area) 2 Railway Line 118.25 0.14 3 Road Area 487.54 0.59 4 Rocky Area 1422.07 1.71 5 Forest Area (Encl. Bassi Wild 10097.83 12.17 ife Century) 6 Scrub Land 10499.09 12.66 7 Settlements 2048.75 2.47 8 Crop Land 56117.04 67.64 Total 82963.92 100 *Source: - Based on interpretation of satellite data The above table reveals that area is well endowed by crop land. It covers 67.64% of total geographical area. Second largest area is under scrub land. It is also covered with vegetative cover and by putting some efforts can be brought under cultivation. The area falls under sub humid region hence 2173.34 Ha. of area is under different type of water bodies. Out of this 286.43 Ha. (Gair mumkin nadi-nallah) is the river sand mining lease area.10097.83 Ha area under forest. This area includes reserved as well as protected forest. Overall the area is productive from from agricultural point of view and vegetative cover.To know the current situation of land use in the vicinity of mining area we used satellite data which gives much more land use classes compared to revenue/census classification. The additional advantage which satellite data provides is qualitative and quantitative analysis along with its geographical location of land use. 3.1.4 TOPOGRAPHY The proposed area is a river bed which is gently sloping. The surrounding area is devoid of any thick vegetation except for patched agricultural lands. The area is marked by flat topography of igneous formation, which is surrounded by fine to coarse grained sandy soil overlying the River Sand deposit. 368 mRL is the lowest and 384 mRL is the highest RL in the Rivers Tehsil: Begun, District: Chittorgarh.The Rivers flows from South to North East direction in this Tehsil Begun. The alluvial ground surface area overlying River Sand some distance away from the river bed is under cultivation. River is Non-perennial River and it only in rainy season and almost dry in summer. Water bodies of very less dimension and shallow in depth may be visible in the river bed due to construction of some small check dams. In some part of river boulders and exposure of basement rock is also visible. Table No.3.4 Slope Ratio S.No Name of Lengh in River bed Elevation Average bed slope River Km in MSL (m / km): 1 Berach River 16 384 – 368 1 2 Ruparail 14 381-368 0.9

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Fig No 3.3 Slope Map of Study Area 3.1.5 SEISMICITY OF THE AREA The study area comes under Zone-II. The Seismic Zone Map of Rajasthan shown as below:

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Figure No.3.4. Seismic Zone Map of Rajasthan

3.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY & DRAINAGE PATTERN The area is marked by flat topography of igneous formation, which is surrounded by fine- grained loamy soil overlying the river sand deposit. 384 mRL is the lowest and 368 mRL is the highest point in the Rivers, Tehsil Begun, and District: Chittorgarh.

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Fig No 3.5 Drainage Map of the study Area

Please Refer Figure No 3.6 for Environmental Monitoring Locations Map (Page No. 53 a)

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3.2.1 SOIL ANALYSIS To understand the soil characteristics and best utility, the sampling of soils was done at five locations during the study periods. The samples were examined for various physical and chemical parameters. The present study on the soil quality establishes the baseline characteristics and identifies the incremental concentrations if any, due to the proposeds project. The objective of the sampling is:- · To determine the baseline soil characteristics; · To monitor the impact on soil (pollutant deposition/other) in long run.

Fig No 3.7 Soil Cover Map

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3.2.1.1 SOIL SAMPLING LOCATION For studying soil quality of the region five samples were collected, description of the same is shown in table no. 3.5. Table 3.5 Location of monitoring stations Location Sampling Distance (km.) Direction w.r.t lease area code Downi SQ1 4.5 North Siyahaya SQ2 7.0 South Raghunathpura SQ3 5.5 North-West Singhpura SQ4 0.3 North Rupapura SQ5 0.3 North-South

3.2.1.2 SOIL MONITORING RESULTS Table 3.6 Soil Analysis Results Parameter Unit Downi Siyahaya Raghu Singhpura Rupapura nathpura

pH(1:5 suspension) - 8.41 8.09 7.99 8.01 7.78 Electrical µS/cm 213 199 202 205 212 Conductivity at 25OC (1:5suspension.) Calcium (as Ca) mg/kg 1287 1255 1262 1266 1198 Magnesium(as Mg) mg/kg 88.60 88.05 88.15 88.05 87.97 Sodium (as Na) mg/kg 168.3 167.2 168.1 167.1 166.9 Potassium(as K) mg/kg 81.64 81.33 82.21 83.01 82.75 Water holding % by 42.81 41.81 42.01 41.99 42.05 Capacity mass Porosity % by 32.40 33.01 32.91 32.85 32.72 mass Sand % by 64.0 63.98 63.96 63.76 64.47 mass Clay % by 4.0 4.12 4.95 5.33 5.42 mass Silt % by 32.0 31.09 31.09 30.91 30.11 mass Cation Exchange Meq/100 5.91 5.33 5.46 5.41 6.01 Capacity gm Sodium Absorption - 4.36 4.05 4.11 5.03 5.83 Ratio Nitrogen % by 0.064 0.068 0.071 0.069 0.062 mass

Phosphorus(P2O5) mg/kg 12.63 12.77 12.61 12.58 11.78

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Zinc (Zn) mg/kg 3.56 3.44 3.32 3.29 3.14 Bulk Density gm /cc 1.478 1.398 1.355 1.298 1.305 Organic Matter %by 0.47 0.45 0.46 0.44 0.48 Mass Source: Environment Monitoring Report 3.2.1.3 CONCLUSION The soil analysis results are presented in above table. The result obtained is compared with the standard soil classification as given in Agriculture soil limits. Six numbers of soil samples have been collected within study area and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. Samples collected from identified locations indicate pH value ranging from 7.78 to 8.41, which shows that the soil is alkaline in nature. Organic Matter ranges from 0.44% to 0.48% in the soil samples. 3.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT The study area falls in notified zone as per Central Ground Water Department. (Source: CGWA Report).Chittorgarh district falls in parts of Chambal (27%), Mahi (21%) and Banas (52%) basins. The drainage system is well developed and drainage density varies from 0.3 to 1 per sq. km. Chambal is the only perennial river. It enters the district near Gandhi Sagar and flows towards NE for about 50 km and then enters into Kota district. The other main rivers are Banas, Gambhiri, Gujjali, Bamani, Berach, Jakham and Wagon. The Banas River originates at Kumbhalgarh and enters district Chittorgarh through Rashmi tehsil. It passes through Somi, Sankhli, Pahunia, and Unchkia villages. The Gambhiri River originating in Madhya Pradesh flowing through Nimbhahera and Chittorgarh tehsils joins Berach River. It passes through villages of Khor, Myara, Sarthal Tai etc. 3.3.1 GROUND WATER Ground water resources availability, utilization stage of development in is summarized as under:- Table 3.7 Ground water resources and development potential of Chittorgarh district S.No. Assessment Block,Particulars Details 1 Net ground water availability 39,439 MCM 2 Annual ground water Draft 56,177 MCM A Irrigation 54,741 MCM B Industrial uses 1,436 MCM 3 Allocation For domestic and industrial uses upto 2025 6,563 MCM 4 Ground Water Availability for future irrigation -21,865 development 5 Stage of ground Water Development (%) 142 *Source: Central Ground Water Board 2006

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Fig No 3.8 Ground water Recharge versus Gross Draft

3.3.1.1GROUNDWATER SCENARIO GEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK The geological set-up of the district is represented by various igneous and meta-sedimentary rocks. Bhilwara super group of Archean age comprising of Shale, Phyllite, Slate, Limestone, Marble, Schist, Quartzite etc prevail in north -eastern part of the district. Meta-sedimentary rocks belonging to Vindhyan super group are exposed in central and northeastern part. Deccan Traps are exposed in southern part while thin mantle of alluvium occurs along river courses and stream channels. HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL CONDITION: Groundwater occurs under unconfined condition in saturated zone of rock formation. Its occurrence is controlled by topography, physiography and structural features of the geological formations. The movement of the groundwater in hard rock areas is governed by size, openness, interconnection and continuity of structural weak planes while in unconsolidated rocks, ground water movement takes places through pore space between grains. GROUNDWATER IN BHILWARA SUPER GROUP • Granite-Gneiss and Schist: These aquifers occur predominantly in Pratapgarh tehsil. Few intrusives are also found which have low permeability. Groundwater is retained in weathered zones, fractures joints etc. Depth to open wells tapping these aquifer ranges from 3 to 24m. Yield of wells varies 3 3 from 6m /day to 48m /day. The depth to water level in the area tapping this aquifer ranges from 2m to 12m. Saturated thickness tapped in most wells ranges from less than 1m to 6m. · Slates Phyllite and Schist: These aquifer occur predominantly towards north of Pratapgarh tehsil. Groundwater occurs under water table condition and is mostly tapped by dug wells. Depth of wells ranges from 8m to 15m. The depth to water level ranges

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3 from 3m to 8m,bgl. Yield of wells ranges from 6 to 12m /day. Thickness of water column in most of the wells ranges from 0.50m to 6.0m · Quartzite: The water-bearing unit of quartzite is highly fractured and jointed. Intercalation of slates and phyllites is common. The depth of wells ranges from 7m to 16m. The depth to water level ranges from 4m to 14m,bgl. Yield of wells varies from 30m3/day to 150m3/day. Saturated thickness in wells varies from 4m to 6m. GROUNDWATER IN DECCAN TRAPS Basalts as aquifer occur in southern part of the district. The groundwater occurs under water table condition and is exploited by open wells. · Compact Basalt: The wells tapping this aquifer occur near Gyaspur, Nikor, Kunnaiy and Jokhera villages. Depth of wells ranges from 3 to 18m. Depth to water level ranges from 3 2m to 15m,bgl. Yield of wells ranges from 6 to 200m /day. Thickness of water column 3 ranges from 0.50m to 8.0m. Sp capacity of wells ranges from 0.015m /min/m to 3 3 3 0.051m /min/m. Optimum yield of wells ranges from 0.1.m /min to 0.015m /min. · Weathered Basalt: Groundwater in weathered zone of basalts occur under unconfined condition. The aquifer occurs near Pilu, Pratapgarh, Dalot and Ambirana villages. It is tapped by open wells ranging in depth from 3 to 22m. Yield of wells ranges from 6 to 3 250 m /day. The thickness of water column ranges from 1m to 10m. Sp capacity of wells 3 3 ranges from 0.08 to 0.14m /min/m and optimum yield ranges from 0.018 to 0.081m /min. · Vesicular Basalt: Groundwater in vesicular zone of basalt occurs near Rampur, Thikriya, Arnod, and Chota semlia villahes. Depth of wells ranges from 4m to 18m. The depth to water level ranges from 5m to 20m,bgl. Yield of wells ranges from 6 to 3 200m /day. Thickness of water column ranges from 0.50m to 9,0m. Sp capacity of dug 3 wells ranges from 0.074 to 0.138m /min/m and optimum yield varies from 0.026 to 0.073 3 m /min 3.3.1.2 AQUIFER TYPES The area has been found to be occupied by thin layer of black colour silty soil followed by limestone & at some places shale also occurs. Ground water generally occurs in water table conditions and is transmitted through the fractures, joints, bedding planes and solution cavities of limestone and fracture and cleavage plane of shale. 3.3.1.3 GEOMORPHOLOGY & DRAINAGE Geomorphologically of the area has been divided into eight geomorphic units namely structural plain, structural hills, structural ridge and valley, denudational ridge and valley, plain and plateau on Deccan Trap (DT), highly dissected pediment and dissected pediment. The pediment area are seen in the western part where as structural plain (on the Vidhyans) are present in the eastern part, Two hydrological domain (of fissured formation on hilly area) with ground water potential ranging from <1 to 5 LPS are also present. Natural Hazard includes mainly water erosion which is moderate, severe and very severe in the district. Geomorphological Map of the district is presented in Figure No. 4.9. The district is characterized by undulating topography. The western, southern and northern parts are generally plain area. Hills are scattered in Chhoti Sadri, Bari Sadri and Pratapgarh tehsils.

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Hill ranges towards east of Chittaurgarh town runs north-south with intervening valleys parallel to each other. Chittaurgarh and Pratapgarh tehsils are partly hilly and partly plain. The district has the regional slope from south to north. The height varies from 317m to 617m, amsl. Pal khera hill is the highest, having height of 617m. 3.3.2 WATER QUALITY The selected water quality parameters of ground water and surface water resources within 10 km radius of the study area have been studied for assessing the hydrological environment to evaluate anticipated impact of the mine. The water quality is essential in the preparation of Environmental Impact Statement. It also assists to identify critical issues, and to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation. The purpose of the study is to:- § Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters; § Evaluate the impact on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions recreational resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and § Predict the likely impacts on water quality due to the project and related activities. To know the present ground water condition five monitoring location were selected for ground water monitoring including project site. The monitoring is done during the post- monsoon season i.e.October-November-December’2013. 3.3.3 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS Five groundwater samples were collected as grab samples representing the whole study area and were analyzed for various parameters. The analyzed results were compared with the standards for drinking water as per IS: 10500:2012. The water sampling locations are listed below in Table 3.8 & monitoring results in Table 3.9. Table 3.8 Water Sampling Locations Location Sampling Code Distance (km.) Direction w.r.t lease area

Downi GW 1 4.5 North Siyahaya GW 2 7.0 South Raghunathpura GW 3 5.5 North-West Singhpura GW 4 0.3(Core Zone) North Rupapura GW 5 0.3(Core Zone) North-South

3.3.4 Results of Water Samples: TABLE 3.9 MONITORING RESULTS Parameter Requirement Permissible Location and Source of Water Sample (Desirable Limit) (As limit in the GW1 (GW2) (GW3) (GW4) (GW5) per BIS 10500:2012) Absence of Downi Siyahya Raghunathpura Singhpura Ruppapura Alternate source (As per BIS 10500:2012) Colour 5 15 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Taste Agreeable - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Turbidity 1 5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 pH value 6.5-8.5 - 8.13 7.83 7.55 7.72 8.12 Total dissolve solid 500 2000 865.0 866.02 867.12 859.12 861.03 (TDS) Aluminum (as Al) 0.03 0.2 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Total Ammonia 0.5 No Relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

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Anionic surface 0.2 1.0 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Detergents(as MBAS) Barium (as Ba) 0.7 No Relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Boron (as B) 0.5 1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Calcium (as Ca) 75 200 40.24 39.01 38.74 37.74 38.61 Chloramines (as 4.0 No Relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Cl2) Chloride (as Cl) 250 1000 329.8 327.7 324.7 321.7 319.1 Copper (as Cu) 0.05 1.5 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Fluoride (as F) 1.0 1.5 0.62 0.66 0.71 0.68 0.69 Free Residual 0.2 1.0 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Chlorine Iron (as Fe) 0.3 No Relaxation 0.202 0.198 0.201 0.213 0.209 Magnesium (as Mg) 30 100 9.47 9.33 9.21 9.19 9.07 Manganese (as Mn) 0.1 0.3 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Nitrate (as NO3) 45 No Relaxation 19.69 20.19 19.02 19.21 19.12 Selenium (as Se) 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Silver (as Ag) 0.1 No Relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Sulphate (as SO4) 200 400 84.53 83.71 81.68 82.68 81.48

Sulphide(as H2S) 0.05 No Relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Alkalinity 200 600 83.61 84.21 83.11 82.11 83.21

( as Ca CO3) Total Hardness (as 200 600 178.12 177.22 176.72 175.22 177.22

CaCO3) Zinc (as Zn) 5.0 15 0.24 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.31 Cadmium (as Cd) 0.003 No Relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Cyanide (as CN) 0.05 No Relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Lead ( as Pb) 0.01 No Relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Mercury (as Hg) 0.001 No Relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Nickel (as Ni) 0.02 No Relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Arsenic (as As) 0.01 0.05 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Total Chromium (as 0.05 No Relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Cr) Coliform Bacteria Absent/100ml -- Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent E.Coli Absent/100ml -- Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

3.3.5 CONCLUSIONS The analysis results indicate that the pH ranges from 7.55 to 8.13 of study area. The TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) was found in the range 859.12 mg/L to 867.12 mg/ L. It is seen that the physic-chemical analysis of other parameters like Chloride, Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrate and Fluoride were within desirable limit of IS (10500:2012). 3.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT In order to identify the background air quality data and also represent the interference from various local activities, screening techniques have been used for identification of air quality stations in the study area. Ambient air quality of the study area has been assessed through a network of 9 AAQ locations. 3.4.1 METEOROLOGY Air borne pollutants are dispersed by atmospheric motion. Knowledge of these motions, which range in scale from turbulent diffusion to long-range transport by weather systems, is essential to simulate such dispersion and quality of impacts of air pollution on the environment. Meteorology influences the way air pollution is dispersed, including wind direction and wind speed, type of terrain and heating effects The purpose of EIA provides an opportunity to identify and compute the short term maximum pollutant concentrations likely

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to encounter at fixed locations (Know as the receptor), due to the given sources (locations and rates of emission known), under the prevailing site specific atmospheric conditions. 3.4.2 CLIMATOLOGY The climate of Chittorgarh is generally dry being hilly terrain. The maximum average temperature during summer is 41.5oC and during winters it is 25oC. The average rainfall is 760 mm. 95% of the annual rains are experienced during southwest monsoon (June to September).The average rainy days in a year is about 33 days. The humidity is generally at 20% or low and it is only during southwest monsoon that humidity goes up to 70%. The wind blows at low velocity except during summer and monsoon when hard and turbulent winds are experienced. 3.4.3 SITE SPECIFIC MICRO METROLOGICAL DATA The metrological data was collected from IMD, Jaipur for Udaipur Station. The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observation is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (IS: 8829) and India Meteorological Department (IMD). On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological variables in order to generate the site- specific data. Data was collected every hour continuously from 1st October 2013 to 31st December 2013 covering one season as per ToR. The parameters recorded at site include wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. The summary of the metrological data is given below Table 3.10 Micro meteorological data Temp (°C) RelativeHumidity (%) Rainfall Average wind Month Max. Min. 08:30 hrs. 17:30 hrs (in mm) speed m/s October 2013 34.6. 15.8 49-68 % 19-33% 0.0 0.84 November 2013 30.6 10.1 56-82% 24-37% 0.0 0.92 December 2013 28.1 8.0 30-85% 19-70% 0.0 0.73

3.4.4 WIND-ROSE A wind-rose is a graphic tool used by meteorologist to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Wind velocity is a measure of wind speed and direction. It is one of the most important meteorological parameters and governs dispersion, diffusion and transportation of pollutants to the atmosphere. Wind-rose is the diagrammatic representation of wind speed in a specified direction with its arms representing sixteen direction, each arms give a clear frequency distribution of wind speed in a particular direction for a given period of time. The predominant wind direction during this study period is observed to be blowing from NE to SW. Wind speeds during this period average 0.83 m/s. Calm wind during this period was 42.41 %.The summary of wind pattern is given below of the study period.

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Figure- 3.9 Wind Rose (24 hours) Table: 3.11 Frequency Distribution (24 hrs.) Directions / Wind S. No. 0.5 - 2.1 2.1 - 3.6 3.6 - 5.7 5.7 - 8.8 8.8 - 11.1 >= 11.1 Total Classes (m/s) 1 348.75 - 11.25 0.02168 0.03776 0.01469 0 0 0 0.04803 2 11.25 - 33.75 0.02098 0.01608 0.00839 0 0 0 0.02945 3 33.75 - 56.25 0.01119 0.02098 0.0021 0.0007 0 0 0.02266 4 56.25 - 78.75 0.0049 0.02378 0.0042 0.0014 0 0 0.0222 5 78.75 - 101.25 0.00559 0.02517 0.00839 0.0014 0 0 0.02628 6 101.25 - 123.75 0.0007 0.00769 0.0007 0 0 0 0.00589 7 123.75 - 146.25 0.0028 0.0049 0 0 0 0 0.00498 8 146.25 - 168.75 0.0021 0.0028 0 0 0 0 0.00317 9 168.75 - 191.25 0.0014 0.0049 0 0 0 0 0.00408 10 191.25 - 213.75 0.0021 0.0014 0 0 0 0 0.00227 11 213.75 - 236.25 0.0028 0.0035 0 0 0 0 0.00408 12 236.25 - 258.75 0.0007 0.0007 0 0 0 0 0.00091 13 258.75 - 281.25 0.0021 0.00629 0.0028 0 0 0 0.00725 14 281.25 - 303.75 0.0028 0.0021 0.0035 0 0 0 0.00544 15 303.75 - 326.25 0.01329 0.00699 0.0028 0 0 0 0.01495 16 326.25 - 348.75 0.01119 0.02028 0.0028 0 0 0 0.0222 Sub-Total 0.06887 0.12007 0.03262 0.00227 0 0 0.22383

Calms 0.42411 Missing/Incomplete 0.35206 Total 1

3.4.5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY (AAQ) Prevailing air environment i.e. base line conditions in an area is primarily governed by the different activities going on in that area including industrial, agricultural, domestic and commercial activities. The pollutant concentrations in the atmosphere is also governed by the

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meteorology, topography, natural settings in terms of plantation, forest cover, vegetation etc. as these factors in combination with each other are responsible for dispersion, diffusion, transportation and assimilation of pollutants in the local air shed. I. METHOD OF MONITORING The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has published comprehensive document on emission testing regulations (“Emission Regulations Part-3, 1985). There are a number of useful additional procedures and expressions that are of relevance to measurement of stack emissions, which are recommended to supplement the CPCB procedures. II. FREQUENCY AND PARAMETERS FOR SAMPLING The ambient air monitoring was carried out at the frequency of two days per week at all locations during one complete season. Table No. 3.12 Monitored parameters and frequency of sampling Parameters Sampling Frequency

PM10 24 hourly sample twice a week

PM2.5 24 hourly sample twice a week

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 24 hourly samples twice a week Oxides of Nitrogen 24 hourly samples twice a week

(NOx) Carbon Monoxide (CO) 8 hourly for 24 hrs sample twice a week

3.4.6 AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS The baseline status of the air quality in the study area was assessed though a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The selection of monitoring network was based on the following aspects: a) Topography/terrain of the study area b) Populated area within the study area c) Residential and sensitive areas within the study area. d) Magnitude of the surrounding industries. e) Representation of regional background levels.

Table 3.13 Location of monitoring stations

S. Sampling Sampling code Coordinates Direction & No. Location Distance from Mining lease area 1. AAQ1 25°10’57” N North Core Singhpura 74°52’05” E 2. AAQ2 25°05’42” N North- Core Rupapura 74°48’34” E South 3. AAQ3 25°14’15” N North Core Downi 74°55’12” E 4. AAQ4 25°02’48” N South Buffer Siyahaya 74°48’06” E

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5. Raghunathpura AAQ5 25°06’22” N North- Buffer 74°49’06” E West 6 AAQ6 25°07’18” N East Core Akoriya 74°48’03” E 7 AAQ7 25°01’05” N South Buffer Bassi 74°46’25” E 8 AAQ8 25°08’35” N West Core Sadas 74°45’18” E 9 AAQ9 25°03’06” N South- Buffer Saran 74°43’32” E West

3.4.7 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR AIR QUALITY MONITORING

Table 3.14 Methods adopted for PM10, PM2.5 SO2, NO2 & CO S. No. Parameters Instrument Method Method of Analysis

1. PM10 Respirable Dust IS 5182 Part-23 Gravimetric Sampler

2. PM2.5 Fine Particulate Gravimetric Gravimetric Matter FPM 550 3. Sulphur Respirable Dust IS 5182 Part -2 Calorimetric Dioxide Sampler and High Improved West & Ultraviolet Volume air sampler Gaeke method fluorescence 4 Nitrogen Respirable Dust IS 5182 Part -6 Calorimetric Oxides Sampler and High Jacob & Hochheiser Gas phase Volume air sampler modified (na-Arsentine Chemiluminescence method) 5 Carbon By Electro IS 5182 Part-10 Non Depressive Infrared Monoxide Chemical Sensor (NDIR) Spectroscopy.

Table No 3.15 Air Quality Monitoring Results

S. Pollutant Location No of Maximum Minimum Average 98th CPCB No. Observation %ile Standard

1 PM10 Downi 24 68.23 62.00 64.52 68.01 100 (µg/m3) Siyahaya 77.74 68.11 72.35 76.65 Bassi 72.59 48.57 60.46 71.59 Sadas 72.58 48.65 60.43 71.69 Raghunathpura 70.48 60.59 65.43 69.58 Singhpura 68.39 62.46 64.89 68.01 Akoriya 72.54 48.57 60.65 71.58 Saran 72.54 48.57 60.89 71.69 Rupapura 74.76 66.97 71.36 74.65

2 PM2.5 Downi 24 43.58 39.01 41.29 42.7 60 (µg/m3) Siyahaya 42.98 39.45 41.21 42.12

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Raghunathpura 44.21 39.01 41.61 43.32 Singhpura 41.93 39.01 40.47 41.09 Akoriya 40.12 20.14 30.13 31.41 Bassi 40.21 20.01 30.11 31.44 Sadas 40.12 20.36 30.24 29.45 Saran 40.21 20.69 30.45 31.08 Rupapura 41.12 38.01 41.57 40.42

3 SO2 Downi 24 12.01 8.07 10.14 11.74 80 (µg/m3) Siyahaya 12.01 8.55 10.32 11.99 Raghunathpura 12.02 8.24 10.24 12.02 Singhpura 12.76 8.02 10.00 12.46 Akoriya 16.58 10.24 13.5 16.34 Bassi 16.59 10.51 13.60 16.38 Sadas 16.54 10.54 13.54 16.25 Saran 16.59 10.58 13.53 16.25 Rupapura 14.01 8.12 10.36 13.59

4 NO2 Downi 24 23.01 18.01 20.45 22.54 80 (µg/m3) Siyahaya 23.25 18.02 20.25 22.89 Bassi 25.61 19.57 22.63 25.46 Sadas 25.66 19.54 22.55 25.45 Raghunathpura 23.01 18.25 20.67 22.76 Singhpura 23.94 18.01 20.47 23.57 Akoriya 25.98 19.58 22.62 25.87 Saran 25.36 19.85 22.63 25.16 Rupapura 24.25 19.0 21.60 18.62 5 CO(mg/m3) Downi 24 0.52 0.38 0.45 0.52 2 Siyahaya 0.52 0.38 0.43 0.51 Bassi 0.53 0.51 0.52 0.53 Sadas 0.53 0.51 0.52 0.53 Raghunathpura 0.52 0.38 0.44 0.52 Singhpura 0.51 0.38 0.43 0.50 Akoriya 0.53 0.51 0.52 0.53 Saran 0.53 0.51 0.52 0.53 Rupapura 0.48 0.38 0.42 0.47

3.4.8 RESULT AND CONCLUSION

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring reveals that the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 & CO for all the 9 AAQM stations found within prescribed Limit. Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring reveals that the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 for all the 9 AAQM stations were between 48.57 to 77.74µg/m3 and 20.01 to 44.21µg/m3 respectively. As far as the 3 gaseous pollutants SO2 and NO2 are concerned, the prescribed CPCB limit of 80µg/m has never surpassed at any station. The concentrations of SO2 were in range of 8.02 to16.59 3 3 µg/m . The concentrations of NO2 were in range of 18.01 to 25.66µg/m . The Concentration of CO was in range of 0.38 to 0.52 mg/m3.

3.4.9 MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION FOR PM10 RSPM is “defined as the component of inhaled respirable dust small enough to reach the pulmonary or alveolar region of the lung”.

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TABLE 3.16 Free Silica content S. No. Area Description Sample Code Avg.

1 Singhpura AAQ1 40.275 2 Rupapura AAQ2 45.43 3 Downi AAQ3 40.09 4 Siyahaya AAQ4 47.88 5 Raghunathpura AAQ5 40.42 6 Akoriya AAQ6 36.02 7 Bassi AAQ7 35.77 8 Sadas AAQ8 36.15 9 Saran AAQ9 35.96

The average value of free silica content observed in the study area was found between 35.77 µg/m3 to 47.88µg/m3. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended permissible exposure limit (PEL) for free silica is 50µg/m3 as a time-weighted average (TWA) for up to a 10-hr workday during a 40-hr workweek. 3.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Noise can be defined as an unwanted sound. The acoustic environment varies dynamically in magnitude and character throughout in most communities. The noise level variation can be temporal, spatial. It interferes with speech and hearing and is intense enough to damage hearing or is otherwise annoying. 3.5.1 INSTRUMENT USED FOR SAMPLING AND MONITORING Instant Sound Level Meter (SLM) is used for the collection of data related to noise at an interval of one hour. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6:00 AM to 10:00 PM and night noise levels during 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM at all the locations covered in the study area. 3.5.2 NOISE QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS The hourly Leq noise levels recorded at nine locations in the study area show considerable fluctuations because of changes in traffic movement, commercial and domestic activities in the study area. Table No 3.17 shows the Noise Quality Monitoring Locations. Table No. 3.17 Location of monitoring stations Location Name Distances w.r.t Direction Classified Area Mining lease w.r.t. Mining area (km) Lease Area Downi Core North Residential Zone Siyahya (Near Bus Stand) Buffer South Commercial Zone Raghunathpura Buffer North-West Residential Zone Singhpura) Core North Residential Zone Rupparpura Core North-South Residential Akoriya (Near Govt. Core East Silence Zone Secondary School)

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Bassi (Near Govt. School) Buffer South Zone Sadas ( Near Bus Stand) Core West Commercial Saran(Near Govt.Hospital) Buffer South-West Silence Zone

3.5.3 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Generally noise levels in public places like temples and community hall have higher values in day time. In the study area higher Noise value of 62.1 dB (A) was recorded during day time in Siyahaya (Near Bus Stand& lower Noise value of 31.5 dB (A) was recorded during night time in Rupparpura (Near Govt. Secondary School). Table No 3.18 shows the noise levels in the study area. Table No: 3.18 Noise Quality Monitoring Results Sampling Noise levels dB(A) Name of the location code Leq day Leq night NQ1 Downi 53.5 42.8 NQ2 Siyahya (Near Bus Stand) 62.1 51.5 NQ3 Raghunathpura 54.3 44.1 Singhpura (Near Alok Shiksha Niketan NQ4 42.5 32.4 Mandir) NQ5 Rupparpura (Near Govt. Secondary School) 42.9 31.5 NQ 6 Akoriya (Near Govt. Secondary School) 42.3 34.6 NQ 7 Bassi (Near Govt. School) 42.1 34.2 NQ 8 Sadas ( Near Bus Stand) 54.2 42.8 NQ 9 Saran (Near Govt.Hospital) 45.8 37.1

A) Day time Noise Levels (Leqday) The daytime (Leqday) noise levels are observed to be in the range of 42.5 to 62.1dB (A) B) Night time Noise Levels (Leqnight) The night time (Leqnight) Noise levels are observed to be in the range of 31.5 to 51.5 dB (A). 3.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Biodiversity studies comprise the systematic examination of the full array of different kinds of organisms together with the technology by which the diversity can be maintained and used for the benefit of humanity. Current basic research at the species level focuses on the process of species formation the standing level of species numbers in various higher taxonomic categories and the phenomena of hyper diversity and extinction proneness. The major practical concern is the massive extinction rate now caused by human activity which threatens losses in the esthetic quality of the world, in economic opportunity and in vital ecosystem services. Biodiversity and ecosystems need to be protected in order to preserve the quality of life on Earth. Biological impact assessment is an integral and important component of “Environmental Impact Assessment” (EIA). Biological impact assessment (BIA) generally includes lists of plants and animals present in the core and buffer areas of the proposed project site. The identified species then check for their status according to an IUCN list of

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threat categories viz., endemic, endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate and insufficiently known. In certain cases it is also considered desirable to conduct vegetation analysis using standard phyto-sociological methods. BIA documents and collates the baseline data and information on the status of biodiversity and bio-resources likely to be impacted by the proposed activity and suggests measures for mitigation of the impact. Thus the fundamental objective of the BIA is to conserve the biodiversity and ensure its sustainable utilization. In India BIA comes under the purview of the Environmental Protection Act 1986, Environmental Impact Assessment Notification of 1994, Wildlife Act of 1972, Forest Conservation Act 1980 amended in 1988, Biodiversity Act 2002. Plant and animal communities are indicators of the environment. They respond not only to one environmental factor, but also to an interacting group of factors. These communities influence and react sensitively to changes in the balance of environmental stresses. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of the diversity of the area helps in managing the area properly following suitable practices. Floral and faunal surveys conducted for assessing the biological diversity and its status over a period of time that forms an integral part of Impact Assessment Techniques. The study was conducted in the project area to assess all possible consequences on the biological environment. The study area consists of open scrub, where the arid vegetations are sparsely distributed with undulated topography due to sand dunes. The present study is highlighting the various issues pertaining to floristic diversity and the faunal wealth in and surrounding area of the study area at Tehsil: Begun, District: Chittorgarh, Rajasthan. 3.6.1 Objectives of the study: The biological study of the area has been conducted in order to understand the ecological status of the existing flora and fauna to generate baseline information and evaluate the probable impacts on the biological environment. The present objectives were undertaken with the following objectives: · To collect the baseline terrestrial biodiversity status regarding flora and fauna in the project area. · To assess the frequency, density, abundance, Importance Value Index (IVI) and Shannon- Wiener Diversity Index (flora). · To evaluate the dominant species of plant and animal. Secondary data also be collected from the local residents and authenticated list of flora and fauna by the Department of Forest, Govt. of Rajasthan, Rajasthan. · To identify the endangered / threatened / scheduled species in the study area (both flora and fauna). The conservation plan will be given if any wildlife species of schedule I is present there. · To mark the wetlands and other ecologically sensitive areas such as national parks/ sanctuaries, if present there. · To provide the conservation plan and suggestion / recommendation for social forestry green belt / plantation. · To assess the effect of construction and operation of the project on existing ecology.

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Bassi Wild Life sanctuary is an ecologically sensitive area located at 1.08 km. from the Ruparel river distance area. The sanctuary is extneded towared east to south ease direction from the lease area. Bassi Wild Life Sanctuary situated within 1.08 km from periphery of the mining lease area, proposal for clearance was submitted to Director, Wild Life division, MOEF & CC, Covering letter also enclosed as Annexure No.18. Autheticated Location Map indicating nearest distance of Bassi wild life sanctuary from the lease area on 1:50,000 Scale is enclosed as Annexure No.19 Fauna & Flora in Sanctuary The key fauna of the sanctuary are panther, wild boar, Chinakara and Rock Python, bluebull, chital, partridge, cuckoo, greater coucal, herons, pea fowl etc. mainly Salar, sisam, dhak, sisris, tendu etc. are present as flora in the sanctuary. Euphorbia royleana is abundantly present in the sancturary. Tendu that is commonly known as Timaru (Diospyros melanoxylon) is present abundantly in the sanctuary PHOTOGARAPHS OF BASSI WILD LIFE SANCTUARY:

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Biodiversity survey was carried out in the study area. The species of flora and fauna found in the core and buffer zone are listed as below: 3.6.2 CORE ZONE Table 3.19 List of Floral Species in the Core Zone S. No. Species common name Binomial name Family 1 Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 2 Dhak Butea monosperma Fabaceae 3 Siris Albizia lebbeck Fabaceae 4 Imli Tamarindus indica Fabaceae 5 Babool Acacia nilotica Fabaceae 6 Aonla Phyllanthus emblica Phyllanthaceae 7 Aritha Sapindus emarginatus Sapindaceae 8 Pipal Ficus religiosa Moraceae Shrubs: 1 Vilayati babool Prosopis juliflora Fabaceae 2 Nagphani Opuntia dillenii Cactaceae 3 Aak Calotropis gigantea Apocynaceae 4 Sunflower Helianthus annus Asteraceae Gajar Grass 5 Parthenium hysterophorus Asteraceae

Herbs &Grasses: 1 Badi Dudhi Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae 2 Anjan Cenchrus ciliaris Poaceae 3 Gramna Panicum antidotale Poaceae 4 Dab Impereta cylindrica Poaceae

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Core zone: Trees (10x10m)

Total Total no of no of Total indivi SWD Speci quadra Importance S. No of dual Relativ Relative Index es Binomial te in Densit Frequen Relative Basal area Value N quadra of e Domina H= - ∑ P nam name which y cy Frequency (m2) Index i o te specie Density nce ( lnP ) e species (IVI) i studied s in all occurre quadr d ate 1 Nee Azadirach m ta indica 50 7 9 0.18 18 14 18.92 0.01426 6.66 43.57485 -0.30866 2 Dhak Butea monosper ma 50 1 2 0.04 4 2 2.70 0.01627 7.59 14.29681 -0.12876 3 Imli Tamarind us indica 50 5 7 0.14 14 10 13.51 0.01426 6.66 34.16944 -0.27526 4 Pipal Ficus religiosa 50 1 1 0.02 2 2 2.70 0.01164 5.43 10.13573 -0.07824 5 Bab Acacia ool nilotica 50 11 15 0.3 30 22 29.73 0.04167 19.45 79.17943 -0.36119 6 Aon Emblica la offician alis 50 1 2 0.04 4 2 2.70 0.02756 12.86 19.56648 -0.12876 7 Arit Sapindu ha s emargin atus 50 1 1 0.02 2 2 2.70 0.010135 4.73 9.433268 -0.07824 8 Siris Albizia lebbeck 50 3 5 0.1 10 6 8.11 0.02124 9.91 28.02199 -0.23026 1.58937

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Core zone: Shrubs (3x3m)

SW Total Total no D no of of Total Importan Inde quadra individu Relati S. Specie No of Relative Relative ce x Binomial te in al of Densi ve Frequen Abundan N s quadra Frequen Abundan Value H= - name which species ty Densit cy ce o name te cy ce Index ∑ P species in all y i studied (IVI) ( occurr quadrat lnP ) ed e i

Vilayati Prosopis - 1 50 23 75 1.5 31.38 46 24.21 3.26 22.19 babool juliflora 77.783 0.364 Nagpha Opuntia - 2 50 14 34 0.68 14.23 28 14.74 2.43 16.53 ni dillenii 45.490 0.277 Calotropis - 3 Aakra 50 27 65 1.3 27.20 54 28.42 2.41 16.38 gigantea 72.001 0.354 Sunflow Helianthus - 4 50 6 15 0.3 6.28 12 6.32 2.50 17.01 er annus 29.605 0.174 Parthenium Gajar 5 hysteropho 50 14 23 0.46 9.62 28 14.74 1.64 11.18 - Grass rus 35.541 0.225 1.395

Core zone: Herbs (1x1m)

Total no Total no SWD Total No Importance of of Index S. Species Binomial of Relative Relative Relative Value quadrate individual Density Frequency Abundance H= - No name name quadrate Density Frequency Abundance Index in which of species ∑ P studied (IVI) i species in all ( lnPi)

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occurred quadrate Badi Euphorbia - 1 Dudhi hirta 50 14 39 0.78 23.49 28 48.28 2.79 9.518 81.29 0.3403 Cenchrus - 2 Anjan ciliaris 50 4 47 0.94 28.31 8 13.79 11.75 40.145 82.25 0.3573 Panicum - 3 Gramna antidotale 50 6 38 0.76 22.89 12 20.69 6.33 21.638 65.22 0.3375 Impereta - 4 Dab cylindrica 50 5 42 0.84 25.30 10 17.24 8.40 28.699 71.24 0.3477 1.3828

3.6.3 FAUNA IN THE CORE ZONE Pieces: No pieces species observed during the site visit. Amphibian: No species observed during the site visit. Table 3.20 Reptilian Particulars S.No. Species common name Binomial name Family Schedule IW(P)A / IUCN Reptilian: 1 Common House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus Gekkonidae LC 2 Oriental Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor Agamidae LC

Table 3.21Avifauna Particulars S.No Species common name Binomial Name Family Schedule IW(P)A / IUCN Avifauna 1. Baya weaver Ploceus philippinus Ploceidae IV 2. White-throated Halcyon smyrnensis Alcedinidae IV kingfisher 3. Rock Pigeon Columba livia Columbidae IV 4. Red Collared dove Streptopelia tranquebarica Columbidae IV 5. Jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos Corvidae IV

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Table 3.22 Mammalian

Particulars S.No. Species common name Binomial Name Family Schedule IW(P)A / IUCN

Mammals 1. Five stripped palm squirrel Funambulus pennant Sciuridae IV 2. Common House Rat Rattus rattus Muridae V 3. Indian field mouse Mus booduga Muridae V 4. Hare Lepus nigricollis Leporidae IV

3.6.4 FlORA IN BUFFER ZONE Table 3.23 List of Trees S.No. CommonName Scientific name Family 1 Ronjh Acacia leucopholea Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) 2 Babool Acacia nilotica Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) 3 Ardu Ailanthus excelsa Simaroubaceae 4 Siris Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae 5 Dhok Anogeissus pendula Combretaceae 6 Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 7 Dhak Butea monosperma Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) 8 Kassod Cassia siamea Caesalpiniaceae 9 Amaltash Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae 10 Shesham Dalbergia sissoo Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) 11 Lasoda Cordia dichotoma Boraginaceae 12 Gulmohar Delonix regia Caesalpiniaceae 13 Bargad Ficus benghalensis Moraceae 14 Pipal Ficus religiosa Moraceae 15 Safeda Eucalyptus globolus Myrtaceae 16 Shahtoot Morus alba Moraceae

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S.No. CommonName Scientific name Family 17 Khajoor Phoenix sylvestris Arecaceae (Palmae) 18 Ashok Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae 19 Karanj Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) 20 Mahua Madhuca indica Sapotaceae 21 Imli Tamarindus indica Fabaceae (Leguminosae) 22 Sitafal Annona squamosa Annonaceae 23 Tendu patta Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae 24 Jungal jalebi Pithecellobium dulce Fabaceae

Table 3.24 List of shrubs S.No. Vernacular Name Scientific name Family 1 Dandathor Euphorbia roylena Euphorbiaceae 2 Jahrber Ziziphus numularia Rahamnaceae 3 Kaner Nerium oleander Apocynaceae 4 Vilayati babool Prosopis juliflora Mimosaceae 5 Arandi Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae 6 Kans Saccharum spontaneum Poaceae 7 Aak Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae 8 Champa Plumeria alba Apocynaceae

Table 3.25 List of herbs S.No. Vernacular Name Scientific name Family 1 Jangli chaulai Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthaceae 2 Jungli Tulsi Ocimum canum Labiateae 3 Latjira Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae 4 Kachari Cucumis melo ssp. agrestis Cucurbitaceae 5 Dhatura Datura metel Solanaceae

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6 Safed hulhul Cleome gynandra Cleomaceae 7 Motha Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae 8 Unthkanta Echinops echinatus Asteraceae 9 Patha Aloe vera Liliaceae

Table 3.26 List of Grasses S. No Name of the grass Botanical Name Family 1 Jhuhi ghas Alysicarpus monilifer Fabaceae 2 Bristle grass Aristida adscensionis Poaceae 3 Doob ghas Cynodon dactylon Poaceae 4 Sheda Grass Dichanthium annulatum Poaceae 5 Makra Dactyloctenium aegyptium Poaceae 6 Panghas Eragrostis japonica Poaceae 7 Jangli-jowar Sorghum halepense Poaceae

Table 3.27 List of Climbers S. No. Name of the grass Botanical Name Family 1 Dudhi bel Ichnocarpus frutescens (Linn) Apocynaceae. 2 Amarbel Cuscuta reflexa Convolvulaceae 3 Satavari Asparagus racemosa Liliaceae 4 Khata Nimboo Ampelocissus latifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Vitaceae

Buffer zone: Tree (10x10 m)

Total Total Total Importa SWD Relati S. No of no of no of Relative Basal Relative nce Index Species Binomial Densi ve Frequen N quadra quadra individu Frequen area Dominan Value H= - name name ty Densit cy o te te in al of cy (m2) ce Index ∑ P y i studied which species (IVI) ( lnPi)

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species in all occurr quadrat ed e 1 Ronjh Acacia leucopholea 50 23 37 0.74 6.57 46 6.18 0.06031 5.14 17.90 -0.179 2 Babool Acacia nilotica 50 34 48 0.96 8.53 68 9.14 0.07167 6.11 23.78 -0.210 3 Ardu Ailanthus excelsa 50 27 31 0.62 5.51 54 7.26 0.04075 3.47 16.24 -0.160 4 Siris Albizia lebbeck 50 33 38 0.76 6.75 66 8.87 0.08615 7.35 22.97 -0.182 5 Dhok Anogeissus pendula 50 21 23 0.46 4.09 42 5.65 0.06427 5.48 15.21 -0.131 6 Neem Azadirachta indica 50 34 62 1.24 11.01 68 9.14 0.05175 4.41 24.57 -0.243 7 Dhak Butea monosperm a 50 11 14 0.28 2.49 22 2.96 0.03546 3.02 8.47 -0.092 8 Kassod Cassia siamea 50 18 25 0.5 4.44 36 4.84 0.04824 4.11 13.39 -0.138 9 Amaltas Cassia 0.064 - h fistula 50 12 17 0.34 3.02 24 3.23 66 5.51 11.76 0.106 10 Sheesha Dalbergia 0.035 - m sissoo 50 21 38 0.76 6.75 42 5.65 36 3.02 15.41 0.182 11 Lasoda Cordia 0.043 - dichotoma 50 11 12 0.24 2.13 22 2.96 17 3.68 8.77 0.082 12 Gulmoh Delonix 0.059 - ar regia 50 15 18 0.36 3.20 30 4.03 87 5.11 12.33 0.110 13 Bargad Ficus 50 8 9 0.18 1.60 16 2.15 0.088 7.52 11.27 -

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benghalensi 24 0.066 s 14 Pipal Ficus 0.049 - religiosa 50 10 15 0.3 2.66 20 2.69 82 4.25 9.60 0.097 15 Kanker Maytenus 0.050 - a emarginata 50 16 28 0.56 4.97 32 4.30 31 4.29 13.56 0.149 16 Shahtoo Morus alba 0.022 - t 50 4 7 0.14 1.24 8 1.08 67 1.93 4.25 0.055 17 Khajoor Phoenix 0.070 - sylvestris 50 9 21 0.42 3.73 18 2.42 75 6.03 12.18 0.123 18 Ashok Polyalthia 0.046 - longifolia 50 18 41 0.82 7.28 36 4.84 75 3.99 16.11 0.191 19 Karanj Pongamia 0.055 - pinnata 50 13 21 0.42 3.73 26 3.49 27 4.71 11.94 0.123 20 Khejari Prosopis 0.071 - cineraria 50 23 39 0.78 6.93 46 6.18 75 6.12 19.23 0.185 21 Imli Tamarindus 0.055 - indica 50 11 19 0.38 3.37 22 2.96 46 4.73 11.06 0.114 22 Mahua Madhuca 0.048 - indica 50 18 25 0.5 4.44 36 4.84 24 4.11 13.39 0.138 23 Sita fal Annona 0.055 - squamosa 50 11 19 0.38 3.37 22 2.96 46 4.73 11.06 0.114 24 Jungle Pithecellobi 0.086 - jalebi um dulce 50 33 38 0.76 6.75 66 8.87 15 7.35 22.97 0.182 3.350

Buffer zone: Shrubs (3x3m)

S. Species Binomial Total No Total no Total no Densit Relative Frequency Relative Abundance Relative Import SW

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No name name of of of y Density Frequency Abunda ance D quadrate quadrate individua nce Value Ind studied in which l of Index ex species species in (IVI) H= occurred all - ∑

quadrate Pi (

lnPi )

Dandathor Euphorbai - 1 royleana 50 24 65 1.3 6.87 48 9.02 2.71 5.12 21.01 0.18 41 Jahrber Ziziphus - numularia 50 17 72 1.44 7.61 34 6.39 4.24 8.01 22.01 0.19 62 Kaner Nerium - 3 oleander 50 20 93 1.86 9.83 40 7.52 4.65 8.79 26.14 0.22 81 Vilayati Prosopis - 4 babool juliflora 50 23 89 1.78 9.41 46 8.65 3.87 7.32 25.37 0.22 21 Arandi Ricinus - 5 communis 50 19 87 1.74 9.20 38 7.14 4.58 8.66 25.00 0.21 94 Kans Saccharum - 6 spontaneum 50 14 58 1.16 6.13 28 5.26 4.14 7.83 19.23 0.17 11 Aak Calotropis - 7 procera 50 14 48 0.96 5.07 28 5.26 3.43 6.48 16.82 0.15 14 8 Champa Plumeria 50 22 89 1.78 9.41 46 8.65 3.87 7.32 25.37 -

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alba 0.22 21 1.80

01

Buffer zone: Herbs (1x1m)

Total Total no no of Import SWD Total No of individ Relativ S. Relativ Relative ance Index Species Binomial of quadrate ual of Densi Frequ Abund e N e Frequenc Value H= - ∑ P name name quadrate in which species ty ency ance Abund i o Density y Index ( lnP ) studied species in all ance i (IVI) occurred quadra te 1 Jangli Amaranthu 2 50 27 45 0.9 10.714 54 12.05357 0.9 10.71 33.482 -0.2395 chaulai s spinosus Jungli Ocimum 3 50 21 39 0.78 9.286 42 9.375 0.78 9.29 27.946 -0.2203 Tulsi canum Latjira Achyranthe 4 50 22 60 1.2 14.286 44 9.821429 1.2 14.29 38.393 -0.2782 s aspera Kachari Cucumis 5 melo ssp. 50 28 67 1.34 15.952 56 12.5 1.34 15.95 44.405 -0.2926 agrestis Dhatura Datura 6 50 29 42 0.84 10.000 58 12.94643 0.84 10.00 32.946 -0.2305 metel 7 Safed Cleome 50 24 36 0.72 8.571 48 10.71429 0.72 8.57 27.857 -0.2104

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hulhul gynandra Motha Cyperus 8 50 12 16 0.32 3.810 24 5.357143 0.32 3.81 12.976 -0.1247 rotundus Unthkant Echinops 9 50 24 43 0.86 10.238 48 10.71429 0.86 10.24 31.190 -0.2332 a echinatus Patha Aloe vera 2.1319

3.6.5 FAUNA IN BUFFER ZONE Table 3.28 List of Avifauna S.No. Vernacular Name Scientific name Family Schedule IW(P)A / IUCN 1 Red-wattled lapwing Vanellus cinereus Charadriidae No mention 2 Baya weaver Ploceus philippinus Ploceidae Schedule IV 3 Common hoopoe Upupa epops Upupidae No mention 4 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis Coraciidae Schedule IV 5 White-throated kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis Alcedinidae Schedule IV 6 Green bee-eater Merops orientalis Meropidae No mention 7 House swift Apus affinis sub sp. affinis Apodidae No mention 8 Rock Pigeon Columba livia Columbidae Schedule IV 9 Laughing dove Streptopelia senegalensis Columbidae Schedule IV 10 Indian peafowl Pavo cristatus Phasianidae Schedule I 11 Large grey babbler Turdoides malcolmi Timaliinae Schedule IV 12 Jungle babbler Turdoides striatus Timaliinae Schedule IV 13 Intermediate egret Mesophoyx intermedia Ardeidae Schedule IV 14 Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis Ardeidae Schedule IV 15 House crow Corvus splendens Corvidae Schedule V 16 White-bellied drongo Dicrurus caerulescens Dicruridae Schedule IV 17 Common myna Acridotheres tristis Sturnidae Schedule IV

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S.No. Vernacular Name Scientific name Family Schedule IW(P)A / IUCN

Table 3.29 List of mammals

1 Five stripped palm squirrel Funambulus pennantii Sciuridae Schedule IV 2 Common House rat Rattus rattus Muridae Schedule V 3 Grey Musk Shrew Suncus murinus Soricidae - 4 Indian Hare Lepus nigricollis Leporidae Schedule IV 5 Chinkara Gazella bennetti Bovidae Schedule I 6 Indian field mouse Mus booduga Muridae Schedule V 7 Nilgai (Blue Bull) Boselaphus tragocamelus Bovidae Schedule III 8 Panther Panthera pardus Felidea Schedule I

Table 3.30 List of Reptiles S.No. Vernacular Name Scientific name Family Schedule IW(P)A / IUCN 1 Common House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus Gekkonidae No mention 2 Oriental Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor Agamidae No mention 3 Rock Python Python Molurus Pythoniadea Schedule I 4 Indian sand boa Eryx johnii Boidae Schedule IV

Table 3.31 List of Butterflies S.No. Vernacular Name Scientific name Family Schedule IW(P)A / IUCN 1 Common Jay Graphium doson Papilionidae - 2 Lime Butterfly Papilio polymnestor Papilionidae - 3 Striped Tiger Danaus genutia Nymphalidae -

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3.32 Reserved Forests & Protected forests within 10 km radius of the mine lease boundary Forest type S. No. Forest name Distance from lease Direction from lease Site area (in Km) Reserved forest 1 Dundariya 9.5 South -East 2 Jhaleshwar 7.5 South -East 3 Mahesran 8.7 South -East 4 Untkhora 1.05 South -East 5 Nandwas 6.5 South -East 6 Satbawari 0.2 South -East 7 Mahudi Mahadev 1.2 East 8 Singoli 3.5 East 9 Lorana 1.5 East 10 Bichhor 1.08 South -East Kotunda 4.5 South -East Protected forest 1 Nimghat 6.2 South -East 2 Khota 1.05 South -East 3 Devlachh 2.8 South -East

Table 3.33 List of Vegetation present in the RF/PF in the study area S.No. CommonName Scientific name Family 1 Ronjh Acacia leucopholea Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) 2 Babool Acacia nilotica Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) 3 Dhok Anogeissus pendula Combretaceae 4 Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 5 Dhak Butea monosperma Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) 6 Bargad Ficus benghalensis Moraceae 7 Pipal Ficus religiosa Moraceae 8 Shahtoot Morus alba Moraceae 9 Khajoor Phoenix sylvestris Arecaceae (Palmae) 10 Karanj Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) 11 Mahua Madhuca indica Sapotaceae 12 Imli Tamarindus indica Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

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S.No. CommonName Scientific name Family 13 Sitafal Annona squamosa Annonaceae 14 Tendu patta Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae 15 Jungal jalebi Pithecellobium dulce Fabaceae

Table 3.34 List of shrubs S.No. Vernacular Name Scientific name Family 1 Dandathor Euphorbia roylena Euphorbiaceae 2 Jahrber Ziziphus numularia Rahamnaceae 3 Vilayati babool Prosopis juliflora Mimosaceae 4 Kans Saccharum spontaneum Poaceae 5 Aak Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae

Table 3.35 List of herbs S.No. Vernacular Name Scientific name Family 1 Jangli chaulai Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthaceae 2 Jungli Tulsi Ocimum canum Labiateae 3 Latjira Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae 4 Dhatura Datura metel Solanaceae 5 Safed hulhul Cleome gynandra Cleomaceae

Table 3.36 List of Grasses S. No Name of the grass Botanical Name Family 1 Jhuhi ghas Alysicarpus monilifer Fabaceae 2 Makra Dactyloctenium aegyptium Poaceae 3 Jangli-jowar Sorghum halepense Poaceae Table 3.37 List of Climbers S. No. Name of the grass Botanical Name Family 1 Dudhi bel Ichnocarpus frutescens (Linn) Apocynaceae. 2 Amarbel Cuscuta reflexa Convolvulaceae 3 Satavari Asparagus racemosa Liliaceae

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3.6.7 IMPACT ON PLANKTON The core zone is the river sand bed so there in no vegetation pattern. However River is non perennial that dries up during the summer season. The less or more water in the river is seen only in monsoon season and rest of the duration of the year it remains dry. Some water bodies of very less dimension and shallow in depth may be visible in the river bed due to construction of some small check dams, while in some part of river big size boulders and exposure of basement rock is also visible. During the entire lease period, River Sand Mining will be restricted to 3.0 meter depth from the river bed and will be kept above 1-2 meter from the water table. Mining will be avoided during the monsoon season and heavy rain. River sand mining activity will have negligible effect on planktons, found as results of our study because mining activity will not have adverse impact on any water body (made by villagers for their personal and domestic and domestic use) available in the study area. In the study area some species of Green algae (Eudorina, Volvox, Selenastrum) , Cyanobacteria, Dynoflgelate, Cocolithophores as Phyto planktons and some species of Protozoa (Amoeba Vortecella spp. Nebalia ), Rotifers ( Brachionus calciflorus, B. audatus, Lecane luna), as Zoo planktons are observed in the study area. 3.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 3.7.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objectives of this socio-economic report consist of: § To conduct socio-economic assessment study in project area § To know the current socio-economic situation in the region to cover the subsectors of education, health, sanitation, and water and food security. § To recommend practical strategic interventions in the sector. § To help in providing better living standards. § To provide employment opportunities. 3.7.2 SCOPE OF WORK § To study the Socio-economic environment of area from the secondary sources § Developing a questionnaire for SIA Survey § Data Collection & Analysis § Prediction of project impact § Mitigation Measures 3.7.3 METHODOLOGY For socioeconomic study of the project area, both qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted. Data regarding the field area were collected both from primary as well as secondary sources. Primary sources include data collected through direct field sampling, observations based on schedules, questionnaires etc. A suitable format of Questionnaires was developed by us & survey was conducted. Secondary sources include various reports, records, literatures, documents, maps, charts, and photographs etc, collected from various public and private organizations.To know the perception of local people on socio-economic impact of river sand mining in the area, a field survey was conducted during Oct-Nov 2013. The target groups were selected from villages of core and buffer area of Begun Tehsil. 25 people were interviewed to get response. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques are the two important tools

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of participatory method used in the field. Household level contacts and interviews have been undertaken with each family for completing the household socio-economic profile. For individual farmers and community members, qualitative interviews were used since this approach allows a more in-depth investigation into the each interviewee. It also allows people to speak for themselves without their answers being biased by predetermined hypothesis-based questions. The questionnaire was basically focused to gather respondents´ views from the study areas on the impacts of river sand mining. The data collected from various sources were processed, computed and tabulated to fit the problem. These tabulated data was interpreted and analyzed with the help of various quantitative techniques. More thorough and quantified socio-economic study will undoubtedly require vastly longer time and resources, and is, therefore, beyond the scope of the present EIA study. The EIA will give a reasonably clear picture of the socio-economic conditions prevailing in the study area. 3.7.4 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE AREA The Study area (buffer zone) is the area within 10 km radius of the mine site. It covers 79 villages of Begun Tehsil. The socio-economic parameters i.e. population growth, density, literacy etc. plays an important role in determining the impact of the proposed activity directly or indirectly on the human population of the study area. These impacts may be beneficial or detrimental. Chittorgarh District is situated in Southern-Eastern part of Rajasthan state in Western India. It lies between 23°32' and 25°13' North latitudes and 74°12' and 75°49' East longitudes The district has an area of 10,856 km2 (3.17% of the Rajasthan State). It is disjunct, divided into a larger Western portion and a smaller Eastern portion by Neemuch District of Madhya Pradesh. The Western portion is bounded by Neemuch, Mandsaur, and Ratlam districts of Madhya Pradesh to the East, and the Rajasthan districts of Banswara to the South, Udaipur and Rajsamand to the East, and Bhilwara to the North. The Eastern portion is bounded by Bhilwara, Bundi, and Kota districts of Rajasthan to the North and Neemuch District of Madhya Pradesh to the South and West. Rajasthan is located in North-West India; it encompasses an area of 3,42,239 sq km lies between 23°30' and 30°11' North latitude and 69°29' and 78°17' East longitude. Rajasthan is the largest state of the India in terms of area. 3.7.5 DEMOGRAPHY OF THE STUDY AREA Baseline Status The baseline information has been collected through census and statistics department in order to present socio-economic profile of the core and buffer zone of the mining area. Demographic Structure Total population of the area is 50474 persons out of which 25599 (50.72%) are males and 24875 (49.28%) are females. The lease area falls in 17 villages where 31.16% percent of total population under study lives. Representation of Scheduled Cast and Scheduled Tribe population is only 18.55% and 10.00% respectively. The table no. 3.38 presents statistics on SC and ST population. In this region SC & ST population is 28.55%. Table 3.38 Demography

Demography No. of Population Population SC Population ST S.No. Range Village Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

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Near 15728 1 Core 17 7919 7809 2886 1464 1422 1013 483 530 (31.16) Area Buffer 34746 2 62 17680 17066 6477 3323 3154 4033 2054 1979 Area (68.84) 25599 24875 9363 4787 4576 5046 2537 2509 Total 79 50474 (50.72) (49.28) (18.55) (51.13) (48.87) (10.00) (50.28) (49.72) (Source:- Chittor Census Hand Book 2011) Work Force:- River sand mining is labor oriented mining because it covers large area. Hence requires large population of man and women for excavation, loading, transportation and storage work. From employment point of view, labors are low paid workers. Table 3.39 WORKING & NON WORKING (Figure in parenthesis area %) Working & Non Working No. Populati Working Population Main Working Marginal Working Non Working S. of Range on No. Villag Total Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female e Near 15728 1 Core 17 8174 4511 3663 7689 4325 3364 485 186 299 7554 3408 4146 (31.16) Area Buffer 34746 2 62 18237 10300 7937 16070 9565 6505 2160 734 1426 16509 7380 9129 Area (68.84) 920 10788 26411 14811 11600 23759 13890 9869 2645 1725 24063 13275 Total 79 50474 (34.7 (44.83 (52.33) (56.08) (43.92) (89.96) (58.46) (41.54) (10.04) (65.22) (47.67) (55.17) 8) )

They prefer to be engaged in nearby area so as to save the travel cost and time. Therefore availability of worker in core area of mining is important. The table no.3.39 presents statistics of work force available in core as well as buffer zone of mining area. The total population in the region is 50474 persons out of which 52.33% are working and 47.67% are non-working population. Among the workers there are two categories i.e. main worker (89.96%) and marginal worker (10.04%). Main workers are those who work for the major part of the year i.e. 183 days or more and marginal workers is one who works for less than 6 months in a year. Other category is of non- worker, those who are either under the age of 15 years or more than 64 years. This class is not fit for any work. Hence availability of work force in the core zone is very less. One has to bring the worker far from the work place. Occupational Structure Occupational structure of an area shows the nature and status of employment activities in the area. Out of the total population about 52.33 % population is working which is further grouped in eight fold classification as shown in table No.3.40. Out of total working population, only 30.95 percent of population lives in core area. Table reveals that large numbers of people are engaged in agriculture. Out of total working population 72.75% of people are cultivators and 5.19% are marginal cultivators. Second largest category is of secondary occupation which is categorized as

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other working population it cover 11.30% of working population followed by agricultural labors and marginal workers. Table No. 3.40 Occupational Structures (Figure in parenthesis area %) Occupational Structure

Range Total Total Main Main Main Other Other S.No Labour Labour

Working Working Working Working Marginal Marginal Marginal Marginal Marginal Industries Industries Cultivator Cultivator Household Household Household

Population Population Agriculture Agriculture Main Other Main Total Village Total

Villages of near 8174 1 17 15728 5736 526 120 1307 224 157 22 82 Core (30.95) Area Buffer 18237 2 62 34746 13477 786 129 1678 1146 372 89 560 Area (69.05) 26411 19213 1312 249 2985 1370 529 111 642 Total 79 50474 (52.33) (72.75) (4.97) (0.94) (11.30) (5.19) (2.00) (0.42) (2.43)

LITERACY Literacy in any region is the key for socio-economic progress and the Indian literacy rate grew to 74.04% in 2011 from 12% at the end of British rule in 1947. Although this was a greater than six fold improvement, the level is well below the world average literacy rate of 84% and of all nations, India currently has the largest illiterate population. The table no.3.41 shows out of total population only 22276 (44.13%) are literates and 28198 (55.87%) are illiterates. If we look at male-female ratio, there is a wide gender disparity. Table: 3.41 LITERACY (Figure in parenthesis area %) Literacy Population Literates Illiterates S.No Range Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Villages of nearby 1 15728 7919 7809 7394 4790 2604 8334 3129 5205 Core Area 2 Buffer Area 34746 17680 17066 14882 9899 4983 19864 7781 12083 22276 14689 7587 28198 10910 17288 Total 50474 25599 24875 (44.13 (65.94) (34.06) (55.87) (38.69) (61.31)

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Literacy 60000

50000 50474

40000

30000 28198 25605 24875 Total 20000 22276 17288 10000 14689 10910 7587 0 Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Population Litrate Illitrate

Fig No 3.10 Literacy of the Study Area Out of total literate population there are 65.94% male literates while female literates are 34.067% only in the region. The percentage of illiterates is 55.87%. Among illiterates there are 38.69% males and 61.31% females to total illiterates. This analysis shows that literacy in the region is low. Hence the potential availability of unskilled labor is more in this region. Infrastructure Facilities Infrastructure is basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function. It can be generally defined as the set of interconnected structural elements that provide framework supporting an entire structure of development. It is an important term for judging a country or region's development. The term typically refers to the technical structures that support a society, such educational institutions, medical facilities banking facilities, telecommunications and so forth, and can be defined as "the physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential to enable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions. Table – 3.42 Education Facilities Education Facilities Second S. Total Primary Middle Sr.Secondary Adult Literacy Range ary No Village School School School Class School Villages of 1 nearby Core 17 15 3 1 1 1 Area 2 Buffer Area 62 44 11 1 0 6 Total 79 59 14 2 1 7

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Education Facilities Education is important as it gives knowledge about happenings around us. It develops a perspective of looking at life in us and helps us build opinions as well as have points of view on things in life. It equips us with everything that is required to make our life sensible. The below table shows the educational facilities available in the villages of core area as well as buffer area of river sand mine. Out of total 79 villages there are 59 primary schools. The villages of core area have school in almost each village. The area is lacking in higher education. There are only 1 Sr. Secondary and 2 Secondary schools in the area, Table-3.42. In the villages of core area out of 17 villages there is only one Sr. Secondary and one Secondary school. Medical Facilities The data reveals that the area is lacking in medical facilities. Out of 79 villages only 17 villages have the medical facilities. In the villages of core area there is only on primary health sub centre. The situation in the villages of buffer zone is also poor. Out of 62 villages, only 10 villages have medical facilities. There are no allopathic dispensaries in the region. The table no.- 3.43 shows that 78 percent of the villages do not have institutional health facilities of any type even after the introduction of Centrally Sponsored NRHM Program in the state. Table – 3.43 Medical Facilities Medical Facilities

S No. S Total Child Range Health Health Centre Centre Centre Centre Village Medical Welfare Primary Primary Facilities HealthSub Allopathic Dispensary Ayurvedic Dispensary

1 Villages of nearby Core Area 17 7 1 1 2 2 0 1

2 Buffer Area 62 10 0 0 0 7 0 3

Total 79 17 1 1 2 9 0 4

The field investigation has revealed that for petty health problem most of the villagers visit nearby dispensaries or hospitals located in the study area. However, during emergency and long treatment they rush to district or sub-district hospitals or the hospitals located at nearby town. Field survey has revealed that the health care institutions located in the villages are not fully equipped with man power, medicines, equipment and ambulances.During the site visit, no silicosis problems found in any village; however Fluorosis problems found in some villages of study area. Drinking Water Facility Drinking water is the primary need for survival of the men, animal and plant kingdom. The state spent thousand and thousand crore rupees to provide drinking water to the population of the state. Table –3.44 Drinking Water Facilities Drinking Water Facilities S. Total Well Tube Well Hand Range Tank Water No Village Water Water Pump Villages of nearby Core 1 17 YES NO NO YES Area 2 Villages of Buffer Area 62 YES NO NO YES Total 79 0 0 0 0

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The table No. 3.44 shows that region get drinking water from well, tube well and hand pump. It means the water is directly consumed from source by man. No treatment is given to purify the water. 3.8 DETAILS OF TRANSPORTATION OF MINED OUT MATERIALS AS PER THE INDIAN ROAD CONGRESS FOR BOTH THE WAYS (LOADED AS WELL AS UNLOADED TRUCKS) LOAD AND ITS IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT Traffic analysis is carried out by understanding the existing carrying capacity of the roads near to the lease area and the connecting main roads in the area. The roads connect from the mine site to National Highway No.76. These roads are wide enough to facilitate easy and smooth movement of heavy duty trucks. Then depending on the capacity of the mine, the number of trucks that will be added to the present scenario will be compared to the carrying capacity. Traffic analysis was carried out by understanding the existing carrying capacity of the roads near to the mining site and the connecting main roads in the area. Then depending on the capacity of the mine, the numbers of trucks that will be added to the present scenario were compared to the carrying capacity. Traffic density measurements were performed at two locations near Mine Site and near-National Highway-76 and The Monitoring was performed in October 2013 Traffic density measurements were made continuously for 24 hours by visual observations and counting of vehicles under different categories viz. heavy motor vehicles, light motor vehicles and two wheelers. As traffic densities on the roads are high, two skilled persons were deployed simultaneously at each station during each shift-one person on each of the two directions for counting the traffic. At the end of each hour, fresh counting and recording was undertaken. Total numbers of vehicles per hour under the three categories were determined .The results of measurements are given in Table 3.45 (a) & (b) Table: 3.45 (a) Traffic Volume Count on Village Road Traffic Vehicle PCU No. of vehicle/day No. of PCU/day Category Factor 2 Wheelers 0.5 34 17 Mini Bus 1.5 55 82.5 Car/Jeep/Van 1.0 52 52 Tempo/LCV 1.5 23 34.5 Truck 3.0 35 105 Bus 3.0 42 126 Tractor 1.5 56 84 Total -- 297 501

Table: 3.45 (b) Traffic Volume Count on NH-76B PCU Traffic Vehicle category No. of vehicle/day No. of PCU/day Factor 2 Wheelers 0.5 76 38 Mini Bus 1.5 111 166.5

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Car/Jeep/Van 1.0 421 421 Tempo/LCV 1.5 212 318 Truck 3.0 790 2370 Tractor 1.5 110 165 Bus 3.0 421 1264 Total -- 2141 4743

DURING MINE OPERATION: Table No 3.46 Impact during Mine operation Total Capacity of mine 1.68 LTPA Capacity per day 600 Ton No. of working days 280 Truck Capacity 20 ton No of Block 5 No. of trucks deployed per day 30 Considering both loaded & unloaded truck per day 60 PCU/Day 180 PCU/hr 7.5 Design Service Volume for Two Lane Roads as per IRC 15000 PCU/Day :64:1990 625 PCU/hr Recommended Design Service for Intermediate Lane Roads 6000 PCU/Day as per IRC :64:1990 250 PCU/hr

INDIAN ROAD CONGRESS (IRC) GUIDELINES Factors for conversion of different type of vehicle into equivalent passenger car unit (PCU) based on their relative interference value as per Indian Road Congress Guidelines i.e. IRC 64: 1990 & IRC 106: 1990 is given below Table No:- 3.47 Table No 3.47 Recommended PCU Factors Vehicle Type Rural Road Equivalency factor for PCU Fast Vehicles Motor Scooter (Two wheelers) 0.50 Passenger Car, Pickup Van,Auto Rickasaw 1.00 Agricultural Tractor, Light Commercial Vehicle 1.5 Bus or Trucks 3.0 Truck Trailer, Agricultural Tractor – Trailer 4.50 (Source: - IRC 64-1990 & IRC 106-1990)

Level of Service (LOS) Capacity standards are fixed normally in relation to the Level of Service (LOS) adopted for design. Five levels of service are recognized commonly designated from A to E. Considering the need for

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smooth traffic flow; it is recommended that normally LOS-C be adopted for design of urban roads. At this level volume of traffic will be around 0.70 times the maximum capacity. Capacity or Design Service volume is the maximum hourly volume at which vehicle can reasonably be expected to transfers a point or uniform section of a lane or road way during a given time period. As per IRC 64: 1990 guidelines, ratio of existing volume of PCU on roads (V) and its capacity (C) with corresponding level of services (LOS) and their performance is given below Table No.3.48 Table No. 3.48 LOS & V/C V/C LOS Performance 0.0 - 0.2 A Excellent 0.2 - 0.4 B Very Good 0.4 - 0.6 C Good / Average / Fair 0.6 - 0.8 D Poor 0.8 – 0.9 E Very Poor 1.0 F Worst

Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) used travel speed and volume by capacity ratio (v/c ratio) to distinguish between various levels of service. The value of v/c ratio can vary between 0 and 1. Depending upon the travel speed and v/c ratio, HCM has defined six levels of service, level A to level F based on a graph between operating speed and v/c ratio as shown in the figure above. Level of service A represents the zone of free flow. Here the traffic volume will be less; traffic will be experiencing free flow also. The effect of minor incidents and point breakdowns are easily aborted at this level. Level of service B represents zone of reasonably free flow. At level of service C, the presence of other vehicles begins to restrict the maneuverability within the traffic stream. At level of service D, the average speeds begin to decline with increasing flows. Level of service E defines operation at capacity. At this level, the stream reaches it's maximum density limit. Level of service F represents the region of forced own, having low speed, and complete breakdown of the system. Presentation of Results The present level of traffic has been converted to Passenger Car Units (PCU) at all the locations as per the conversion factors stipulated by Indian Road Congress (IRC). The traffic volume at each location is summarized below Table No.: 4.49 Incremental rise and LOS Design Service Existing Daily Envisaged Traffic Cumulative Movement at LOS in post Volume PCU/day Traffic Data due to Mining Post Project Scenario project scenario

PCU/hr PCU/hr PCU/hr PCU/day PCU/day PCU/day

6000 501 20.87 180 7.5 681 28.37 A (0.08) 4743 197.6 180 7.5 4923 205.1 B (0.3) 15000

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Fig No. 3.11 Transporation Route Map

Conclusion: The transportation of sand (Bajri) will be done by transportation vehicles through existing villages’ road and highways. About 1.68 Lac Tonne per Annum sand will be transported through village Road & Nearest NH-76.The Maximum incremental traffic volume anticipated at NH-76 is 4923 PCU/Day & at village road is 681 PCU/Day. Results - From the above analysis it can be seen that the V/C ratio will not be changed with LOS being “A’’ &“B’’ which is Excellent & Very good, as per the classification, so the additional load on the carrying capacity of the concerned roads is not likely to have any adverse effect. However, maintainance of village road will be done by the applicant. Total lease area divided into 5 Block as shown in Fig No 3.11 Route Transporation Map. As the working is proposed in five different blocks in the area. So there will be not much increase in traffic on a particular place. The area is capable of handling the incremental load. ****

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CHAPTER-4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES 4.0 GENERAL Mining of River sand from the riverbed shall have direct impacts on several Environmental attributes. These may be broadly classified as the physical, biological, socio-economic and or cultural components. An understanding of the existing environmental scenario of the Buffer Zone of the proposed project along with the impacts of the proposed project resulting in change in the environmental components are vital to ensure the project impacts on the environment not adverse. Environmental impacts both direct and indirect on various environmental attributes due to proposed sand mining activity in the surrounding environment, during pre-operational, operational and post-operational are discussed. An impact can be defined as any change in physical, chemical, biological, cultural and/or socio-economic environment that can be attributed to activities related to alternatives under study for meeting the project needs. Impact methodology provides an organized approach for prediction and assessing these impacts. Any economic development project, whether it is a simple and small or a large and complex have some environmental implications. The environmental implications may be beneficial or adverse, but the main objective of impact identification is to specify areas that are likely to be affected by the implementation of a project. The nature of the impacts due to said project activities are discussed and identified here. The objectives of impact identification are as follows:- · To ensure compliance with regulations. · To provide a comprehensive coverage of a full range of impacts, including social, economic and physical. · To distinguish between positive and negative, large and small, long term and short term, reversible and irreversible impacts. · To identify secondary, indirect and cumulative impacts as well as direct impacts. · To consider impacts within the constraints of an area’s carrying capacity. The proposed operations broadly consist of collection/excavation, loading, transportation, etc., will have an impact on the following environmental attributes. 1. Land Environment 2. Water Quality & Hydro-geology 3. Air Environnent 4. Noise Environment 5. Biological Environment 6. Socio-Economic Environment 4.1 LAND ENVIRONMENT River Berach originates in the Khamnor hills of the Aravali range (about 5 km from Kumbhalgarh) and flows along its entire length through Rajasthan. Berach is a major tributary of the River Chambal, the two rivers meeting near village Rameshwar in Khandar Block in Sawai Madhopur District. The total length of the river is about 22 km the Berach drains a basin of 7502 km², and

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lies entirely within Rajasthan. It is a seasonal river that dries up during the summer, but it is nonetheless used for irrigation. The highest point of the mining lease area is 384 meter above mean sea level and the lowest point of the lease area is 368 meter above mean sea level. Catchment Area: 7502 km2 Longitudes: 73°25' and 75°02' Latitudes: 24°29' and 25°14' Tributaries: Ayar, Wagli Wagon, Gambhiri and Orai, joining from the right

The project area is almost flat; the topography is not likely to change as the mined material will get replenished every year during monsoon. Land used for mining will be 286.43 Ha which will be temporary as during next rains the excavated river bed will be again filled up with sediments. Land use of the river bed will not be changed due to river sand mining, as the excavated river sand will be naturally replenished in next monsoon. Also, river sand mining will be done block wise (Total Block: 5) for better replenishment practices. The scientific mining i.e. systematic removal of sand will not cause bed degradation and will not affect aquatic environment. There will be no waste water or waste generation and therefore there will be no degradation of land due to the mining. Thus no waste dump sites are needed for the project. 4.1.1 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS ON LAND ENVIRONMENT The proposed extraction of streambed materials, mining below the existing streambed, and alteration of channel-bed form and shape leads to several impacts such as erosion of channel bed and banks, increase in channel slope, and change in channel morphology. These impacts may cause: a) Undercutting and collapse of river banks. b) Loss of adjacent land and/or structures. c) Upstream erosion as a result of an increase in channel slope and changes in flow Velocity. d) Downstream erosion due to increased carrying capacity of the stream e) Downstream changes in patterns of deposition. f) Changes in channel bed and habitat type. 4.1.2 MITIGATION MEASURES Since the project is mainly for sand excavation, no loss of top soil will be involved. Sand mining will be restricted up to 3 m below river bed or the water table whichever less is. a) The mining will be done in unsaturated zone, thus minimizing loss to habitat. b) Care will be taken to ensure that ponding is not formed in the river bed. c) Dredging will not be allowed. d) A safety zone of 45.0 m radius is being demarked for the wells located in the river bad. All reserves are proved reserves. Table No 4.1 Land use pattern of mining lease area at various phases S. Particulars Present land use At the end of At the end of 5th No. (Ha) 3rd year (ha) year (ha) 1 Mine area 75.0 87.0 95.0 2 Dump area 0.0 - -

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Safety zone, Roads & 6.30 100.75 100.75 3 Permanent Structure etc. 4 Infrastructure (office, - - - temp. shelter etc) 5 Mineral Storage - - - 6 Plantation - - - 7 Un worked 205.13 98.68 90.68 Total 286.43 286.43 286.43 *Source: Approved Mining Plan with Progressive Mine Closure Plan The applied lease area falls within the Rivers.There is no forest land or agriculture land in the applied lease area. There is one wild life sanctuary present within the study area. 4.1.3 SAND BUDGET & REPLENISHMENT STUDY For ecological & environmental sustainable balance there must be a balance between river sand mining and replenishment. The imbalance may cause following threatening the eco- system of the area / region, especially in arid and semi- arid region of Rajasthan. 1. Transformation of river into buried Channel. 2. Changes in abiotic environment. 3. Soil / Land erosion (especially at banks) at the time of flood. 4. Possible Changes in regional water table (may increase or decrease in pockets) or may form a local water tables. 5. Quality of groundwater may change 6. Ponding in river bed 7. Change in river course. A Number of researchers have worked on sedimentation in different part of world Darid et al on Upper Yangtze basin (China) taking sediment yield data from more than 250 stations concluded that increasing soil erosion is not clearly matched by a increase in sediment yield over time and role of water conservancy projects in trapping and storing sediment requires further attention. Other author Subramanian et al also calculated the sediment load of Indian rivers and revealed that the major contribution which Indian rivers make to total amount of sediment delivered to the ocean at a global scale , but also highlights the large temporal and spacial variability of riverine sediment transport in the Indian sub – continent. This variability is evident not only in the quantites of sediment transported but also in size and mineralogical charactastics of the sediment load.Over the years, considerable data have been collected concerning sediment transport in several Indian river, For example Abbas & Subramanien (1984) estimated the sediment load of the Gangas at Farrakaa Barrage to be 1235 t km-2 year-1 which is 8 time the world average erosion rate (150 t km-2 year-1) calculated by Milliman & Meade (1983). Under the influence of its special physiographic condition and extensive human activity, the primary patterns of surface erosion in the Upper Yangtze basin (UYB) are water erosion, gravitational erosion and combined erosion. The eroded area amounts to about 351 x 103 km2, accounting for 35% of the territory of the UYB, which has an annual gross erosion of 1.57 x 1091 and an average rate of erosion of 1559 t km"2 year"1. Soil loss occurs primarily in the Jinsha and Jialing basins, and especially in the Lower Jinsha and Upper Jialing basins.According to the available hydrometric data, the mean annual

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runoff and suspended sediment yield of the UYB are 439 X 109 m3 and 523 X 106 t respectively. The Jinsha and Jialing rivers are the major source of sediment, contributing 72.8% of the sediment but only 48.6 % of the runoff. The high sediment yield region with Ms > 20001 km"2 year"1 occupies only 4.6% of the territory, but contributes 32.8% of the sediment load. The sediment delivery ratios of tributary watersheds lie in the range 0.4-0.61, and the average value for the entire UYB is about 0.34.The variation of measured annual sediment yields over four decades, and both statistical and qualitative analyses, indicate that the sediment yield in the UYB fluctuates in a random way with no clear tendency to increase or decrease during a long period. Soil erosion control and sediment yield reduction within the entire UYB will only be effective through sustainable, large scale and long-term soil and water conservation works.

Fig No 4.1 Variation in Computed sediment yield as related to drainage area

Fig No 4.2 Observed Versus computed sediment yield The equations express the general relationships between sediment yields, runoff end drainage area. They may provide a quick, rough approximation of mean sediment yield on a regional basis for preliminary watershed planning. Because we derived the equations from average values, computing sediment yield normally would be low for highly erosive areas and high for well stabilized drainage basins with high plant density. Mostly, above studies were canrried out on perennial rivers, who flow all around the year, but the climatic condition of Rajasthan with having erotic rainfall, these studies do not correlate to arid or semi-arid condition.

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Sharma of Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur carried out a study on soil erosion and sediment yield in the Indian arid zone. He stated that High Sediment Yield is generated in the Indian arid zone due to erratic and torrential rainfall, sandy and eroded rocky drainage basins and biotic activity. Sediment Yield increases with increasing rainfall and drainage basin slope and its magnitude depends upon the nature of surface material. In recent years, it has been confirmed that high sediment yields are associated with arid/semiarid, seasonal mediterranean and tropical conditions (Walling & Webb, 1983). A compilation of sediment yields for meso-scale drainage basins suggests that arid basins export 36 times more material than humid temperate and 21 times more than humid tropical equivalents (Reid & Frostick, 1987). Bare soil is highly susceptible to replenish and washes erosion, and arid zones produce record suspended sediment concentrations (Jones, 1981). The sediment not only causes water quality to deteriorate but also affects physical and biological conditions in the receiving systems. In the Indian arid zone, the storage capacity of small reservoirs (400 to 700 000 m3) is reduced by 1.9 to 7.8% annually due to sediment deposition (Sharma & Joshi, 1982). Hydrologically, the arid zone in India (Fig.4.3) consists of three main zones. Zone I covers 42 900 km2 and receives major inputs of water from more humid regions, and supports extensive irrigated agriculture. This is a canal irrigated area and no significant sedimentation problems are encountered here. Zone II comprises sandy plains, interdunes plains, sand dunes, eroded rocky/gravelly surfaces and isolated hillocks with a poorly developed or no stream network (148600 km2). It contains no integrated stream network in the conventional sense; rather, there is a system of repetitive micro-hydrology. The internal drainage basins generate high sediment yields under occasional and sporadic torrential rainfall. Zone III represents the sloping region with an integrated stream network (94280 km2). These are ephemeral channels which remain dry for 90% of the year.When runoff does occur as a direct response to torrential rainfall, flash floods result and large quantities of sediment transported down the valleys. In this zone the infrequent nature of rainfall and runoff encourages intensive measurement programmers.

Fig No 4.3 Hydrological zones of the arid region of India

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In the zone of internal drainage (zone II), the sediment yields have been estimated through measurement of sediment accumulation in small reservoirs following the recommendation of McManus & Duck (1985), and Owens & Slay maker (1992). One hundred small reservoirs were selected by stratified random sampling from a total of 1436 reservoirs occurring in the region. The distribution of the sample was adjusted to represent the majority of the physiographic environments, soil types, vegetation and rainfall conditions. In the sandy plain and dune complex environments, the deposited sediment mainly consists of fine to very fine sand, silt and clay, overlying windblown loose sand. This layer is deposited during the summer when the reservoirs are dry and act as a marker to identify the successive depositional cycles. The sediment deposited in the younger alluvial environment is composed of medium to fine sand and silt over which a thin layer of clay is deposited. The occasional presence of gravel in the deposits acts as a marker to identify the successive depositional cycles. A distinct layer of gravel mantled by medium to fine sand and silt is the characteristic depositional pattern in the older alluvial environment; and the proportion of clay is very small in these deposits. Equal amounts of fine sand, silt and clay are associated with the sediment deposits in the rocky/gravelly piedmonts. These sediments also contain stone chips. Sediment samples were obtained from fresh cuts in the beds during May-June 1993, when the reservoirs were dry. The annual average depth of deposition was calculated from 4 to 6 depth measurements in the bed of the reservoir between two successive marker layers. This value multiplied by the area of the reservoir provides an estimate of the total volume of sediment deposited each year. The annual specific sediment yield was obtained by dividing the total volume of sediment deposited per year by the drainage basin area. Measurements of drainage basin area and slope were taken from 1:50000 scale topographic maps. In the zone with an integrated stream network (zone III), information on the spatial variation of stream discharge and sediment yield has been obtained from 34 gauging stations which are located on various tributaries of the Luni River. Hourly stage heights were observed at each station during periods of flow and discharge were calculated by the slope-area method, with values for the roughness coefficient of these sand bed channels taken from Vangani & Kalla (1985). The initial water sample taken at the onset of flow, and subsequent samples were collected at irregular intervals and with significant changes in the discharge until the flow ceased. The samples were collected using a US DH-48 depth integrating suspended sediment wading type hand sampler, employing the equal transit rate method as recommended by Jones (1981) for arid regions. The samples thus collected were transported to the laboratory and subjected to standard concentration analysis by filtration and evaporation. The resulting data, together with recorded runoff rates, provided a reasonably accurate representation of the variation of sediment concentration during each flow event, as well as permitting the computation of sediment yield. These data were collected for 16 years over the period 1979-1994.As with the effective rainfall distribution, the largest number of events is found in the smallest sediment yield class of 0-100 t km2; thus providing a positively skewed unmoral frequency distribution (Sharma et al., 1994). Chang & Stow (1988) observed that catastrophic flood events caused the highest sediment loss from drainage basins in the arid zone. Thus, while sediment production occurs more generally in the drainage basin, significant sediment delivery is limited to major flood flows. The relationship between sediment yield and effective rainfall is depicted in Fig. 4.4. Wide variations in the

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magnitude of annual sediment yield were observed among the various physiographic regions encountered in the Indian arid zone (Table 4.2).

Fig No 4.4 Sediment yield as a function of effective rainfall The older alluvial plain has the highest sediment yield, while the younger alluvial plain has the lowest. The sediment yields from the rocky/gravelly piedmont, dune complex and sandy plain areas lie between these two extremes. Except for the higher sediment yields from the older alluvial plain and the rocky/gravelly piedmont, the annual sediment yields from the other physiographic regions are in agreement with the mean rates of 2.6, 4.0 and 4.6 m3 ha-1 year-1 reported from the arid regions of Australia, Tanzania and USA, respectively (Jones, 1981), under the similar rainfall conditions. Table No 4.2 Annual sediment yields in the Indian arid zone Physiographic region Average sediment yield ( m 3 ha-1 year-1 ) No. of observation Sandy plain 3.4 36 Dune complex 4.8 18 Younger alluvial Plain 2.7 30 Older alluvial Plain 18.4 5 Rocky /gravelly piedmont 14.3 11

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Fig No: 4.5 Mean annual sediment yield as a function of (a) mean annual rainfall, and (b) drainage basin slope for the indicated lithogies Sediment yield is also a function of basin lithology together with the drainage basin slope, and the amount and intensity of rainfall. It can be seen from Fig. 4.5 that Sediment yields are highest from the sandstone drainage basins, (26.1 m 3 ha-1 year-1) followed by the phyllite (22.7 m 3 ha-1 year-1), older alluvium (14.8 m 3 ha-1 year-1), limestone (12.0 m 3 ha-1 year-1), quartzite (8.4 m 3 ha-1 year-1), blown sand (5.8 m 3 ha-1 year-1), shale (2.0 m 3 ha-1 year-1) and the younger alluvium (1.5 m 3 ha-1 year-1). However, this trend is slightly changed when the relationship between sediment yield and basin slope is plotted (Fig. 3(b)). In this case sediment yield follows the order: sandstone (25.9 m 3 ha-1 year-1) > phyllite (22.7 m3 ha-1 year-1) > limestone (18.1 m3 ha-1 year-1) > older alluvium (14.9 m3 ha-1 year-1) > quartzite (14.2 m3 ha-1 year-1) > younger alluvium (4.4 m3 ha-1 year-1) > blown sand (4.1 m3 ha-1 year-1) > shale (2.5 m3 ha-1 year-1). For a single lithologie unit there is a general increase in sediment yield with both annual rainfall and drainage basin slope. The variations of sediment yield with rainfall and drainage basin slope are due to the nature of the rock. The sandstone outcrops in this region are composed of medium to fine sand with intercalated beds of grit or gravels; these outcrops generate the highest sediment yield in comparison to shale which is more resistant, and in consequence loses the least sediment. The phyllite is composed of medium to coarse grains with uniform structure and loses less sediment than the sandstone. The limestone formations are fine, compact, hard and cherty with fractured and weathered upper layers and, thus, still produce less sediment than the quartzite which is medium to coarse grained. When sediment yields are plotted against the runoff generated in during individual events (Fig. 4.4), a general increase in sediment yield with runoff can be seen. The higher runoff is associated with greater kinetic energy for erosion and transport of the eroded sediment. There are striking differences between the various events however, in the rate at which sediment yield increases with runoff.

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Fig No. 4.6 The relationship between sediment yield and runoff for a sequence of storm events This is due to the presence of greater amounts of readily transported loose material in the drainage basin at the onset of the first event of the wet season. The supply of this loose material decreases progressively during a sequence of storm events, due to shorter intervals that allow less biotic activity. As the study area falls in arid and sime-arid climtic condition and papers (K. D. Sharma) based on collected data and observations, Sounds to be more realistic used for calculation of replenishment for river sand mining projects. Table No. 4.3 Total sediment yields per year Category of Average Sediment yield (T Catchment Sediment Cathment Area Sediment yield Ha-1 Year-1) Area in Hect. (LTPA) (M3Ha-1 year-1) Sandy Plain 3.4 4.76 154 0.01 Dune Complex 4.8 6.72 1140 0.08 Younger Alluvial Plain 2.7 3.78 1840 0.07 Older Alluvial Plain 18.4 25.76 795 0.20 Rocky/ Gravelly piedmont 14.3 20.02 2392 0.48 Total 6321 0.84

Total catchment area of Rivers up to sand mining area is 6321 Ha. Sediment quantity of sand in the proposed area has been estimated by case study by K.D.Sharma (CAZRI, Jodhpur) based on there studies we have concluded that the adequate quantity of sand (0.84 LTPA) will be replenishment naturally during monsoon period. 4.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT 4.2.1 ANTICIPATED IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT The water demand for the project is very minimal. Total water requirement will be 4.0 KLD, utilized for drinking as well as dust suppression and plantation purpose. Mining of sand from

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within or near a streambed has a direct impact on the stream’s physical habitat characteristics. These characteristics include geometry, bed evaluation, substrate composition and stability, in- stream roughness elements, depth, velocity, turbidity, sediment transport, stream discharge and temperature. Altering these habitat characteristics can have deleterious impacts on both in stream biota and associated riparian habitat. The detrimental effects, if any, to biota resulting from bed material mining are caused by three main processes: a) Alteration of flow patterns resulting from modification of the river bed b) An excess of suspended sediment c) Damage to riparian vegetation and in stream habitat It is not proposed to divert or truncate any stream. No proposal is envisaged for pumping of water either from the river or tapping the ground water. In the lean months, the proposed sand mining will not expose the base flow of the river and hence, there will not be any adverse impact on surface hydrology and ground water regime due to excavation of river sand. The elevation of the proposed area of excavation is in the range of 368 m to 384 m above MSL. Thus, the project activities will not have any adverse effect on the physical components of the environment and therefore may not have any effect on the recharge of ground waters or affect the water quality. 4.2.2 MITIGATION MEASURES During the lease period, the mining activities will be confined to 3.0 mt. depth from surface level of river bed. The extraction will be carried only on dry sand bed and restricted to non-monsoon period. The flow pattern of the river will not be changed and the sequence of operations will be changed as per the flow pattern of the river course. 4.2.3 RAIN WATER HARVESTING The proposed mine is situated on the river bed. So, no rain water harvesting structure will be possible. 4.2.4 IMPACT ON SURROUNDING WATER BODIES There is no major water bodies present within 10 km. radius from the mining lease area. Hence there will not be any impact on surrounding water bodies. 4.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT The mining activities will be confined to the river bed, to extract soft sediments, without drilling & blasting, by semi-mechanized method of mining. The activities in the regular operation can be broadly classified into excavation, loading and transport. As the proposed activity is only a collection and sand normally having moisture does not have much impact on the Air Environment. The generation of dust will be negligible and the air quality will be marginally affected. However, control measures like water sprinkling on haul road are required to reduce the dust level and keep it within permissible limit. However, the impacts due to the various activities during operational phase of the proposed sand mining project are given hereunder: S. No. Activity Environmental Impacts 1 Sand Excavation Emission of fugitive dust 2 Sand Loading Emission of fugitive dust 3 Sand Transportation Emission of fugitive dust Vehicular exhaust Emission

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4.3.1 IMPACTS OF THE SAND EXCAVATION Daily, around 600 tonne of sand will be excavated. Excavation is proposed to be carried out by Backhoe. During the excavation time, the sand may be discharged in to air environment. However, as the area experiences calm winds during most of the times (Annual Mean Wind Velocity is < 5 km/h) the displacement of sand by air will be very insignificant. However, even such small quantities also need to be addressed in the project. 4.3.2 IMPACTS OF THE SAND LOADING Daily around 600 tonne sand will be loaded in to the trucks for transportation to the nearby areas. Loading of sand in to the trucks may likely release particulate matter. It is envisaged that about 30 trucks will transport about 600 tonne of sand to the nearby areas. The transportation will be done on road by trucks with a capacity of 20 Ton. Thus, the transportation

process will also contribute to vehicular emissions like SO2, NOX etc. 4.3.3 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR AIR POLLUTION In the sand mining, air pollution will be caused mainly due to dust (PM) generation added with gaseous emission from mining activities like loading, excavation & transport etc. The gaseous

pollutants (SO2, NO2, & CO) are anticipated by transportation vehicles. A. Dust Pollution One of the main pollutants in air will be particulate matter which will be generated during various activities of mining such as extraction of sand, and movement of vehicles. Following measures will be taken during operational phase to minimize air pollution. · Haulage road will be adequately sprayed with water by water sprinkler. · The haul roads in the area will be made compact. Both sides of the haul roads will be planted with trees to arrest air borne dust. · Green belt/plantation will be developed all along the haul roads and other places to arrest dust. · Dust mask/Face mask will be provided to all employees working in the likely dusty areas. · Proper maintenance of vehicles will be done, which would minimize the pollutants. · Ambient Air Quality Monitoring will be conducted on regular basis to assess the quality of ambient air as per the EC conditions and submitted to respective authorities. · Proper tuning of vehicles to keep the gas emissions under check. 4.3.4 AIR QUALITY IMPACT PREDICTIONS (AQIP) The air quality in the mining areas depends on the nature and concentration of emissions and meteorological conditions. The major sources of air pollution due to the mine is dust generation due to excavation, loading and transportation of mineral, wind erosion of exposed material. Dust emissions from these operations mainly depend on moisture content of the sand and type of control measure adopted. In this study, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA – 42 series) approved mathematical equations have been used to predict concentrations for different operations in mining including the mineral transportation. The major sources for the Fugitive dust emissions from the proposed sand mining project include: 1 Sand excavation 2 Sand Loading on to trucks

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3 Sand transportation to designated sites/market Details of Source & Emissions 1. Area Source Emission Air pollution i.e. fugitive & dust emission will be generated due to excavation and handling of sand. 2. Line Source Emission Pollution due to vehicular movement is main source of line source emissions in mining activities. Surface conditions of the roads and the fuel consumption of the vehicles remains on the worst side due to which these emissions rate remains higher as the vehicular density increases. The major sources of line emissions during mining activities are the vehicular exhausts and dust due to vehicle movement. The major emissions from this source are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and Sulphur dioxide etc. Air quality modeling was done using line source model as published by USEPA “Workbook of Dispersion Modeling” by Turner, for transportation though roads and the empirical emission factor equations from USEPA. Emission factors to be used in Line source Dispersion equation is adopted from formula as given below: E= k * (1.7) * (s/12)*(S/48) * (W/2.7)0.7 * (w/4)0.5 * (365-p/365) kg/VKT Where E = Emission Rate (kg/VKT) k= Particle size multiplier = (0.36) s = Silt Content of the Road surface material (%) = 12% S = Mean Vehicle Speed (km/hr) = 20 km/hr W=Mean Vehicle Weight (tonnes) = 20 tonne w= Mean number of wheels = 8 p= Number of days with at least 0.254 mm of precipitation per year = 20 f = frequency of Vehicle movement in no per hour = 9 vehicles / hour Concentration of the fugitive dust was calculated using the empirical equations for unpaved roads published by USEPA- AP42. Table No 4.4 AREA SOURCE EMISSION – SAND EXCAVATIONS

Particulars PM10 Production capacity, Tonne per 1,68,000 Annum Production capacity, Tonne per Day 600 Operational Hours per year 2240 USEPA Emission Equation in lb/ton 0.75[18.6 (s)1.5 / (M)1.4 ] Emission of dust, g/sec 0.006414 Area of influence, m2 10000 sqm Uncontrolled Emission Rate, G/S/M2 0.0000064

Table No 4.5 Haulage Emissions (unpaved) – Transport of sand

Particulars PM10 Production capacity, Tonne per 1,68,000

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Annum Production capacity, Tonne per Day 600 Operational Hours per day 8 Capacity of each truck 20 Ton Total no. of trucks per day 30 &30 Loaded & unloaded Total no. of trucks per hour 4 Lead Length per trip,km 35 km(Two way) USEPA Emission Equation in lb/VMT [(k) x [(s/12)^0.9] x [(W/3)^0.45] ((365- (Pounds per vehicle miles traveled) p)/365)) Emission, kg/VKmT (kilogram per 0.796 Ib/VMT vehicle kilometer traveled) 0.224 (Kg/VMT)

Area of influence, m2 10,000 Uncontrolled Emission Rate, G/S/M2 0.000022 *Emission factor computed based on silt content of 12 % and moisture content of 10% For each, a brief description characterizing the source and the general methodology used to estimate emission rates are provided. Based on USEPA emission factors, the possible emissions from different mining activities such as excavation, loading and transportation has been computed. The summary of emissions for peak rated production capacity of 100% from different mining activities calculated. A substantial portion of these emissions may consist of heavy particles that settle out within the mining site. Considering the silt content of the mining sand (12%) with a moisture content (10%) 4.3.5 AIR QUALITY MODELLING In order to predict the Particulate emissions, AERMOD 8.2 View Model was used to predict changes in air quality i.e. maximum Ground Level Concentration (GLC’s) of particulate matter, due to the various sand mining activities of the proposed project. The model uses the steady state Gaussian plume equation for continuous source. For convenience, 10000 m X 10000 m square block by keeping project centre coordinates as (0.000, 0.000) has been selected for modeling so as to include all the air quality baseline monitoring stations in the block. The GLC’s were predicted for Environment Management Plan with 90% of pollution control for peak production capacity .The inputs required for the model is: § Hourly meteorological data § Source data § Receptor data § Emission rate § Terrain data

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Fig No.4.7 Isopleths showing predicted incremental GLC’s of PM10

Fig No.4.8 Isopleths showing predicted incremental GLC’s of NO2

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Fig No.4.9 Isopleths showing predicted incremental GLC’s of SO2

4.3.6 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The ground level concentrations are computed for 24-hr average. The maximum ground level concentrations of PM10, from the different mining activities for study period with EMP are given in table 4.6.The cumulative concentration (baseline + incremental) after implementation of the project are tabulated below in table- 4.6. The maximum GLCs after implementation of the project are likely to be within the prescribed NAAQ standards TABLE: 4.6 Cumulative Concentration Baseline + Incremental) Sampling Predicted incremental Max. Base line Cumulative max. conc. Prescribed Location Max. conc. µg/m3 conc.(µg/m3 ) µg/m3 Standards in Day Time in µg/m3

0 0 0 0

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 PM1 SO NO PM1 SO NO PM1 SO NO PM1 SO NO Singhpura 1.69 1.08 1.38 68.23 12.01 23.01 69.92 13.09 24.33 100 80 80 Rupapura 1.42 0.95 1.11 77.74 12.01 23.25 79.16 12.96 24.36 Downi 1.15 0.84 0.97 70.48 12.02 23.01 71.63 12.86 23.98 Siyahaya 0.99 0.46 0.58 68.39 12.76 23.94 69.38 13.22 24.52 Raghunathpura 0.95 0.65 0.66 72.54 16.58 25.98 73.49 17.23 26.64 Akoriya 1.54 0.96 1.21 72.59 16.59 25.61 74.13 17.55 26.82 Bassi 0.77 0.34 0.68 72.58 16.54 26.34 73.35 16.88 26.34 Sadas 1.04 0.77 0.98 72.54 16.59 25.36 73.58 17.36 26.34 Saran 0.98 0.66 0.74 74.76 14.01 24.25 75.74 14.67 24.99

4.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Noise will be generated by movement of vehicles used for transportation and machines used for excavation. Noise environment in this project will be affected only by the equipment at the site

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and vehicular transportation. Since mining will be done mechanically, slight increase in noise levels can be expected. Noise pollution can cause significant impact on the environment and subsequently on the humans. Baseline Noise levels are observed to be well within the limits in the monitored villages. However, after applying the mitigation measures noise pollution will be reduced further. 4.4.1 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS The proposed sand mining project consists of three major activities as brought out earlier. The following table indicates the impacts due to various activities on Noise Environment: Table-4.7 IMPACTS DUE TO ACTIVITY S. No Activity Environmental Impacts 1 Sand Excavation Slight increase in Noise Levels 2 Sand Loading Slight increase in Noise Levels 3 Sand Slight increase in Noise Level Transportation

4.4.2 MITIGATION · Since the noise generating is only through mechanical equipment and movement of vehicles, strict compliance to periodical maintenance the vehicle conditions will be insisted. · No working will be carried out in the night hours. · Greenbelt and plantation on road side will help in reduce noise level. 4.5 SOLID/OB MANAGEMENT There is no topsoil in the lease area. No overburden and waste is likely to be generated during lease period. 4.6 IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Mines and their associated activities may during the operational life of the mine, including increased disturbance (noise and light), dust generation, air pollution, and change in the atmosphere. All of these factors may impact the surrounding fauna and ecological processes in different ways. EXISTING IMPACTS: The direct impacts of river sand mining disturbances to land surfaces are usually insignificant, with the likelihood of disturbance through the mechanical mining process and consistent transportation. However, mining is a temporary land use because the mineral deposit is finite and eventually gets exhausted.The Key environmental problem and impacts of mining are air and noise pollution MITIGATION MEASURES: The impact can be reduced to an acceptable level by adopting suitable mitigation measures and by doing adequate planning at the initial stage of mine development. Setting aside or exclusion of critically important areas, creation of green belts are basic actions taken for mitigation of impact.Preparation of conservation plan for schedule-I faunal species reported in the study area. Some of the related mitigation measures are as follows: Ø Topsoil can be conserved by implementing adequate mitigation and conservation plan. Ø Open area should be planted with trees.

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Ø No mining in area support unique habitant, endemic, threatened or declining species, or species of high economic and cultural value to society. Ø Preparation of conservation plan for schedule-I Faunal species of the study area in consultation with the State forest department. Plantation: Plantation is a principal goal in many desirable quality and aesthetic benefits. Simply plantation can avoid the erosion and control to the full restoration of complex native communities. The development of a permanent vegetation cover should aim to establish a plant community that will maintain itself indefinitely, and support native fauna. To extract better results, some ecological variables must be considered while selecting species for plantation. These are; their capacity to stabilize soil, soil organic matter and available soil nutrients, and quick growing. It will improve the nutrient and organic matter content in soil. While selecting suitable species for plantation in mine area, the following considerations have to be taken into account: v Planting, pollutant tolerant species. v Plants of fast growing with thick vegetation foliage v Indigenous plants species with easy adaptability to the locality. v Socio economic requirement of the people of the surrounding area. 1) To attenuate noise generation by movement of vehicles and other machinery. 2) Prevent soil erosion to great extent 3) Improve ecological conditions. Improves the aesthetics & beneficially influence the microclimate of the surrounding 4.6.4 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT The proposed green belt in the lease area will to be designed taking into consideration the availability of area as the efficacy of green belt in pollution control mainly depends on width of green belt, distance from pollution sources, site of the habitat from working place and tree height & density. While considering the above aspects due care will be taken for selecting suitable characteristics plant species as those fast growing and evergreen trees, trees with large leaf area, locally suitable plant species, those resistant to specific pollutant and those which would maintain the regional ecological balance, soil and hydrological conditions. The plantation work for green belt development will be carried in consultation with a local forest department which will help minimizing adverse impact on the flora found in the area. Year wise plantation program is given in Chapter 9 4.7 SOCIO- ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 4.7.1 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS The project activities will not have any adverse impacts on any of the common property resources of the village communities, as the sand mine lease area is not being used for any purpose by any section of the society in this region. There is no R&R & land acquisition involvement in this project. There will be no impact of mining on local residents of the area as habitation is away from the applied lease area. The maximum persons will be employed form nearby villages. There is no source of employment is nearby area in this region and thus the employment will develop by the proposed mining activity in nearby area. The applicant after becoming lessee will help in maintenance of village kaccha roads with the hellp of local Panchyat Samiti. The lessee will provide maximum assistant to local body on their request. The lessee will develop the plantation along the roads. The lessee will contribute some fund from the income and the fund will be used

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only for the social development of the people in the field of Education and Medical facility. Due to differences in geographical locations and climatic conditions, views of respondents and actual ecological effects of river sand mining, also differed. Results from respondents showed that the single most important effect of river sand mining area is change in river depth and possible change in river bank. Agriculture area located on the river bank may get land erosion problem. This was particularly because agriculture is the predominant economic activity along the river area. Agricultural activities are often undertaken in the rainy season, and during the dry season farmers spend their time in land preparation. Since the mining activity will be away from the flow of water this operation is unfounded. Another significant effect of river sand mining is the abandoned pits serving as a source of breeding grounds for mosquitoes for example, and the resultant spread of malaria and other related diseases. During rainy seasons, the abandoned pits collect water and as a result attract malaria transmitting mosquitoes resulting in infection of community people. Other diseases such as cholera, dysentery and diarrhea, among others, are associated with the mining activities. The important finding gathered was the occurrence of mining activities along rivers and other water bodies. Mining activities along these rivers can retard free flow of the water course. Such direct in- stream mining can alter the channel geometry and bed elevation and may involve extensive clearing, diversion of flow, stockpiling of sediment, and excavation of deep pits. This can also result in significant distortion of the channel morphology, which often causes silting as a result of erosion of the banks and consequent flooding, which may worsen especially during high precipitation. Machinery which is used to extract sand sometimes disturbs the vegetation and further exposes the area to erosion and harsh weather conditions. This can as well cause loss of the protection provided by soil as it filters out pollutants and can further affect aquatic life in such riverine areas. 4.7.2 MITIGATION MEASURES The following mitigation measures will be taken to solve the problems/points raised by l ocal people during field survey: · To protect the agricultural area on the river bank an utmost care will be taken while working in such areas where agriculture is practiced. Agricultural fields will be protected by river bolder whereever the possibility of river erosion will be felt. · To avoid the possibility of spread of malaria due to stagnant water, no pit will be created due to excavation of river sand. However if water is accumulated after the rainy season anti- mosquito treatment like fogging, spread of kerosene etc. will be done in the areas. · A proper road and transportation network will be developed for movement of vehicle and machinery. No major change in the vegetative cover is anticipated. However, the development of greenbelt has already been suggested. · To check the possible change in the river bank, 10 meter distance from both side of river will be kept untouched from exaction of sand and a proper slope will be maintained to keep the river bed smooth so that water flow may not get disturbed · The geometry of river will not be changed in any case, but if there are any weak spots where that possibility of change of river channel is visible in case of high rainfall, appropriate measures will be taken with the help of hydro-geo-morphologist.

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4.7.3 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACTIVITIES Welfare Amenities The project proponent is a non – corporate entity and is well aware of his duty and responsibility towards the socio-economic development of the local community where the project activities will be carried. The proponent is also bound by the national policies and is vigorously passionate to carry out some initiative towards the society by improving their quality of life and fostering sustainable and integrated development in the communities in the vicinity \of the lease area. The activities to be carried out under Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives will have a positive impact on socio economic fabric of the region. The Project Proponent may promote local NGO, ask the communities to prepare their micro level plans based on genuine needs. It is, therefore, proposed to have CSR plan focusing on following broad areas of activities that addresses the problems and needs of the community in the project area in a holistic manner.The surrounding villages near by core area will be benefited from the proposed welfare amenities. Following activities will be taken as a part of Corporate Social Responsibility. Table No. 4.8 Details of CSR Particulars Activity Rs in Lacs per Year Education Ø Distribution of uniform. Bags and study material to 6.0 school children, Ø Renovation of school building. Ø Distribution of sports goods in school children. Ø Books/Chemicals/sports kits to school library/laboratory/ school department. Health Ø General health camps for near by villagers. 6.0 Ø Eye, Blood, Diabeties check up camps. Ø Distribution of medicines free of cost. Infrastructure Ø Renovation of nearby community hall, school 5.0 Developement buildings, Aganbari Center, repairs of school terrace. Ø Construction of washroom in govt. school near villages.

Drinking water & other Ø Support for supply of drinking water. 5.0 facilities. Ø Construction of sanitation facilities in govt. school.

Training Ø Vocatonal training to persons for income generation 3.0

NGO Ø Assistance to self help groups. 5.0 Ø Surveillance programmeof the workers Total 30.0

4.8 MINE CLOSURE

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Mine closure plan is the most important environmental requirement in mineral mining projects. The mine closure plan should cover technical, environmental, social, legal and financial aspects dealing with progressive and post-closure activities. The primary aim is to ensure that the following broad objectives along with the abandonment of the mine can be successfully achieved: Ø To minimize environmental damage Ø To conserve valuable attributes and aesthetics Ø To overcome adverse socio-economic impacts Ø To create a productive and sustainable after use for the site, acceptable to mine oweners, regulatory agencies and the public Ø To protect public health and safety of surrounding habitation. 4.8.1 MINE CLOSURE CRITERIA The criterion involved in mine closure is defined in relation to following key issues. · Compatibility with agreed post –mining land use · Physical stability · Low risk to biota · Physical stability · Revegetation and other improvements 4.9 STATUATORY REQUIREMENTS It is accepted that effective resource management cannot be done in isolation. The Mining Department therefore pursues approaches towards coordination and integration where possible, which has led to coordinated regulatory systems. A regulatory system consists of both statutory and non-statutory components. In the sectoral- specific strategy for prospecting and mining, the Department participates within an integrated environmental management system which is administered in terms of the Acts and Rules. Other Acts dealing with matters relating to the conservation and protection of the environment and which a holder of a mining authorisation must also take cognisance of include inter alia, the following: The Mines Act, 1952 The Mines and Mineral (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 Mines Rules, 1955 Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988 State Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1988 The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

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CHAPTER-5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5.1 INTRODUCTION Consideration of alternatives to a project proposal is a requirement of EIA process. During the scoping process, alternatives to a proposal can be considered or refined, either directly or by reference to the key issues identified. A comparison of alternatives helps to determine the best method of achieving the project objectives with minimum environmental impacts or indicates the most environmentally friendly and cost effective options. 5.2 FACTOR BEHIND THE SELECTION OF PROJECT SITE The proposed project is mining unit for the removal/collection of sand from Berach & Ruparail river & their connected nallah at near village - Saran, Ruppura, Chavandiya, Aakodiya, Bada Kheda, Luhariya, Meghpura, Kitiyas, Chosla, Motipura, Torniya, Barniyas, Hado Ka Kheda, Bhinchor, Devlach, Parsoli, Hamepur Tehsil : Begun District –Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, The letter of Intent has been granted by State Govt. The proposed mining lease area has following advantages:- Ø The applied mining area occurs in a non-forest area. Ø The required material is found in the sound quality/quantity in the applied area. Ø There is no habitation within the applied lease area; hence no R & R issues exist. Ø The river bed (proposed mining blocks of applied mining lease area) remains dry excepts the monsoon season. Ø Availability of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers in this region. Ø All the basic amenities such as medical, firefighting, education, transportation, Communication and infrastructural facilities are accessible. Ø The proposed mining operations will be restricted up to a depth of 3 mtr which will not intersect the ground water level. Hence, no impact on ground water environment. 5.3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITE No alternatives are suggested as the proposed project is site specific as per the occurrence of material. 5.4 FACTOR BEHIND SELECTION OF PROPOSED TECHNOLOGY Open cast semi mechanized mining operation method will be used for the removal of sand from the proposed blocks. The proposed method is suitable for the area as:- · As the material deposition is superficial and not deeply embedded, therefore opencast method of working is preferred. · There is lesser chance of subsidence in case of opencast mining. · As there is no soil cover/OB in the area. · The material will be loaded in the dumpers & will be sold directly to the buyers in local market. 5.5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY Open cast Semi mechanized method has been selected for this project. This technology is having least gestation period, economically viable, safest and less labour intensive. The method has inbuilt flexibility for increasing or decreasing the production as per market condition.

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CHAPTER- 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 6.1 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM Environmental Monitoring Program includes periodic analysis of air, soil, noise and water, samples. Environmental monitoring will be conducted on regular basis to assess the pollution level in the ML area as well in the surrounding areas. Therefore, regular monitoring program of the environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environment. The objectives of monitoring are:- Ø To identify the state of pollution within the ML area. Ø To verify the result of the impact assessment study in particular with regards to new developments. Ø Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution. Ø To assess and monitor the environmental impacts. Ø To establish a database for future Impact Assessment Studies for new projects. 6.2 METHODOLOGY OF MONITORING Post project monitoring will be carried out as per conditions stipulated in Environmental Clearance Letter issued by MoEF, Consent issued by SPCB as well as according to CPCB guidelines. The following table is showing details of Post Project Monitoring programme: Table: 6.1 Post Project Monitoring Programme S. No Attributes Parameters for monitoring Frequency of monitoring

1 Ambient Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx and CO As per CPCB/ RSPCB requirement Vehicle logs Daily records 2 Ambient Noise Noise levels at Day & night As per norms of RSPCB/ MoEF Level time -Leq dB (A) Maintain records of vehicles Periodic during operation phase 3 Water quality TDS, Total Hardness, Calcium hardness, Periodic during operation phase and Magnesium hardness, Chloride, water levels Fluoride,Sulphate, Nitrates, Alkalinity, Iron, Copper & As per IS 10500:2012 or as Per Condition of EC/CTE Watertable Level Four times in a year. 4 Maintenance Tree Plantation, 800 Plants Herbs & Shrubs Per Periodic during operation phase of flora and Year fauna 5 Soil quality Physico- chemical parameters i.e. pH, Bulk As per norms of RSPCB/ MoEF Monitoring Density, Soil texture, Nitrogen,Available Phosphorus,Potassium, Calcium,Magnesium, Sodium,Electrical Conductivity,Organic Matter, Chloride

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6 Sand 3-4 Selected locations in Block A,B,C,D & E Pre & Post Monsoon every Year Replenishment

7 Occupational Medical Examination Once in Year Health 8 Socio- Villages of Core & Buffer area Once in 2 years through physical Economic survey for detecting any adverse variation and prompt correctives

6.3 POST PROJECT MONITORING PLAN 6.3.1AIR QUALITY MONITORING Air quality monitoring is essential for evaluation of the effectiveness of abatement Programmes and to develop appropriate control measures. M/s. Rajasthan Fort And Palace Pvt. Ltd. will monitor fugitive dust emissions at locations of nearest human habitations and other public amenities located nearest to sources of dust generation, in and around the proposed sand mining project at a frequency of once in a fortnight or any other frequency as stipulated by MoEF and take

appropriate air pollution control measures in order to ensure that the concentration of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx are within the limits. The monitoring records will be submitted to MoEF regularly. PARAMETERS

As per MoEF guidelines, the concentration of Particulate Matter (PM10 & PM2.5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) will be monitored in upwind, downwind and crosswind direction and also covering all sensitive receptors, along with adequate meteorological measurement for proper interpretation of data. METHODOLOGY Respirable dust sampler with gaseous sampling attachment will be used for monitoring of air

quality for parameters viz., PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx with a sampling frequency of 24 hours duration. Sampling and analysis will be carried out as per IS- 5182:1999 for measurement of air

Pollution. PM10 will be analyzed gravimetrically, SO2 will be analyzed by improved West and Gaeke method and NOx will be analyzed as per Jacob & Hochheiser Modified (Na-Aresnite) Method. The National Ambient Air Quality Standards, MoEF Notification: GSR 826 (E), November 16th, 2009 is made applicable to sand mining project. 6.3.2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING Water quality monitoring involves periodical assessment of quality of ground water and surface water near the river sand mining project. All the parameters as given in Part - A of General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants, GSR 801 (E) Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 prescribed by CPCB will be analyzed for all the effluents for assessing the overall quality of effluents. Surface water samples will be analyzed for all the parameters as per CPCB Guidelines and ground water samples will be analyzed for all the parameters as per IS-10500. METHODOLOGY:

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The sample collection, procedures for sample preservation and methods of analysis are followed as per Standard Methods for examination of Water and Waste water analysis published by American Public Health Association (APHA). FREQUENCY OF MONITORING: Monitoring of water samples will be done at a frequency of once in each season. The following standards will be followed for complete analysis of water samples: Surface water: As per CPCB Guidelines Ground water: BIS-10500:2012 6.3.3 NOISE LEVEL MONITORING Noise level monitoring will be done for achieving the following objectives: a) To compare sound levels with the values specified in noise regulations b) To determine the need and extent of noise control of various noise generating sources c) Correlation of noise levels with community response to noise levels. Noise level monitoring will be done at the work zone to assess the occupational noise exposure levels. Noise levels will also be monitored at the noise generating sources like sand handling arrangements, vehicle maintenance workshop and also nearby villages for studying the impact due to higher noise levels for taking necessary control measures at the source. PARAMETERS: The noise level recordings will be measured in dB(A) Leq values, where dB(A) denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A ,which is relatable to human hearing. FREQUENCY OF MONITORING: Monitoring frequency for noise levels will be once in a fortnight. MoEF has stipulated that noise levels have to be monitored between 6.00 AM to 10.00 PM for day time and 10.00 PM to 6.00 AM for night time. 6.3.4 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT Vegetation development is proposed along the bank of river and along road-sides of approach roads. While selecting plant species preference will be given for planting native species of the area and shall have soil binding capacity. M/s Rajasthan fort and Palace Pvt. Ltd. will supply saplings to surrounding villagers for green belt development in their villages and encourage the plantation by means of social forestry. Green belt development as per the scheduled plan will be reviewed every year Plantation records will be maintained for period of plantation, area under plantation, length of avenue plantation, type of species density of planted area and survival rate. 6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CELL Apart from having an Environmental Management Plan, it is also necessary to have a permanent organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring, its effective implementation of mitigation measures and to conduct environmental monitoring. On this effect, M/s Rajasthan fort and Palace Pvt Ltd will assign responsibilities to officers from various disciplines to co-ordinate the activities concerned with management and implementation of environment control measures. An Organ gram of Environment management is shown in figure below. Basically, department undertakes the monitoring of environmental pollution level by measuring, ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, Noise level, etc., either departmentally or appointing external agency whenever required. The Environmental and Safety department will also be looking after for preparation of

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environment statement, carrying out environment audit, preparation of Consent to establish & Consent to operate. Environmental monitoring cell will be established for monitoring of important and crucial environmental parameters which are of immense importance to assess the status of environment during sand mine operation. Fig 6.1 Organizational Structure of Environmental Management Cell

Environment Management Cell

Head of the Environment

Manager (Mines & Environment)

Mine Foreman

Supervisor

In order to carry out the environmental monitoring, EMC will perform the following activities: § EMC will oversee that environmental control measures are implemented as per approved action plan. § Identify and record the constraints in respect of environmental planning and implementation. § Systematically document and record keeping w.r.t environmental issues. § Field monitoring and laboratory analysis. § Monitoring of plantation development. § Environmental compliance to the regulatory authorities. § Communication with the concerned departments on the environmental issues. Interact and liaison with State/ Central Government departments § To monitor compliance of environmental regulations. § Continual improvement in environmental performance. § To follow proper documentation and monitoring procedures, for developing better § Environmental management systems at the mine. § To keep up with regulatory requirements and arrange for the necessary certificates or consents viz., air and water. § To conduct yearly environmental monitoring and submit the statement to RSPCB. 6.5 REPORTING SCHEDULES OF MONITORED DATA The monitored data on air quality, water quality, soil quality and noise levels, will be periodically examined for taking necessary corrective measures. The monitored data will be submitted to Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board (RSPCB). The post-project data will be submitted in half- yearly monitoring reports to the same.

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CHAPTER – 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION As per the provisions of Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14-09-2006 issued by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India; and vide District Collector letter no. fodkl@i&6¼2&1½2014@1387 dated 29.09.2014; & Regional office, Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Chittorgarh letter no. jkizfue@{ks-dk-fpŸk©³@lh,e-3234/R--2105 dated 17.11.2014, Public Hearing was conducted at 11.00 AM on 01-10-2014, in the premises of Aaganbadi, Gram Panchyat: Etawaha, Village: luhariya, Tehsil: Begun, District: Chittorgarh, under the Chairmanship of ADM Shri Harji Lal Atal for Proposed River Sand Mining Project located at Revenue villages of Tehsil: Begun, District: Chittorgarh, Rajasthan. Advertisement for conducting public hearing was published on 26.08.2014 in “Hindustan Times” & “Rajasthan Patrika” and revised advertisement for conducting public hearing was published on 30.09.2014 in “Rajasthan Patrika” & on 01.10.2014 in “Hindustan Times”. To start with the proceedings of Public Hearing Shri K.C. Gupta, Regional Officer, Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Chittorgarh welcomed all the persons present and gave a brief introduction about the procedure and importance of Public Hearing.Thereafter representative of Project consultant M/s. Enviro Concept (I) Pvt. Ltd, Jaipur Shri Devendra Goyal made a presentation and gave details of the project. 46 persons made their attendance in the public hearing and following issues were raised:- Table No.: 7.1 Public Hearing Action Plan S. Name & Issues Raised In Brief Comments Of The Action & Budgetary No. Address of Proponent Provision The Person (If Any) 1 Madan Gurjar -What will be the impact - If any plants or trees About 4000 No’s of Village : on the plants & animals found in lease area, local native plants to Parasoli due to sand mining will not be disturbed. be proposed during activities? On the contrary lease period with plantation will be done budgetary allocation of on govt. land or in the Rs. 1.0 Lac per year village school or along the roads. 2 Bhim Singh - What will the benefit of -Preference will be Youth and villagers Village : the sand mining project given to local villagers benefitted directly and Bhinchor to the villager residing during employment. indirectly by near the river? Will they They will be employment and get employment? appointed according to development activities - How the youth and their skill. proposed under CSR. villagers will be -Regular health check Amount of Rs. 30 Lac benefitted from mining up camp, Medical per year is allocated of sand. facilities will be under CSR. provided in nearby

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villages. -Pure drinking water facility, -Construction of Toilets in Schools. -Scholarship in schools will be developed under CSR Program. 3 Rajendra Singh - What problems may A safety zone of 45.0 Rs. 8.50 Lac per Village: Sarada arise due to sand mining m radius has been annum for reparing and projects? Will there be demarcated around the maintenance of road any rebate on Bajari for Temple, Mosque, and Rs. 30.0 Lac per local villagers. Bridge etc and 7.5 m annum for - Many Anicut have offset will also be left development and been made on the River, along the banks of upliftment activities therefore new sand does river as per mining under CSR. not reach to these areas. rules. He questioned that Farmer does not get any - Rebate on royalty benefit out of the money may be given as per which is being deposited state government rules to the Govt. against & written consent of royalty. village Sarpanch & - No Road maintenance Mining Department, & other development for construction of any work have been done by common facility or lease holder till date. religious place such as Temple, Mosque etc. 4 Virendra What will be the Sand mining will be Awareness, training Mathur, Village solution if water table is restricted up to 3.0 m and reparing and : Sadsas decreases due to River depth or 1 meter maintenance of Sand Mining? above water table. existing rain water Hence there will not harvesting under EMP be any adverse effect budget. on the ground water table, whereas carrying capacity of water in river will be increased in the river due to excavation of sand by recharging of

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groun water table. 5 Ratan Lal He questioned that No Overloading of Provision of Rs. 8.50 Gurjar, Paved and unpaved vehicles will be Lac per year has been Village: roads will be damaged allowed. Only made for the Raghunathpura. due to overloading of permitted quantity of maintenance of the vehicles. What will you sand will be filled in roads. do for maintenance? vehicle as per the capacity of the road. 6 Dev Bhagat - He questioned that Government will Rs. 30.0 Lac per year Gurjar, Village what will you do for the received Rs. 5 per ton is allocated under the : Luhariya village development out as Environment CSR for development of E.M.F amount Rs. 5 Management Fund in works in the villages.. per ton collected by which, approx 1 Government. percent amount will be used for development of villagers. 7 Devi Lal He expressed his Grazing land or Provision of Rs. 30.0 Gurjar, Village opinion that lease holder Private Khatedari lac per year for Luhariya will get benefit where as Land will be used for implementation of local villagers will get transportation of sand proposed EMP. loss out of this project. with the consent of the Previously mining was local Panchayat & done through tendering villagers. process for short period - Preference will be now lease is sanctioned given to local for 5 Years. Will there machineries for hiring be employment provided if it is available. to local unemployed persons? He express his -Sand mining will be doubt that lease holder restricted to 3.0 m will bring machineries below river bed or from outside and will above 1.0m of ground not involve Local level. There will not people. No road is be any adverse effect connected to lease area; on the ground water Bajari will be table transported through Charnot land. -Speed of vehicles will -There will be a loss to be restricted to 20 km animals, birds & Crops ph if vehicle passes due to dust generated through the village from transportation. area. Use of horns will

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-Lease has been granted be minimum. for sand mining up to -Water will be 3m depth for the period spraying on road to of 5 years. After 5 control fly sand. years all sand reserve - Plantation will be will be exhausted. Then done on both sides of where from sand will be Connecting roads. available to the villagers. -Water level will go down. What provision you have made to solve these problems? Please make it clear. 8 Mangilal, -Employment should be Workers from nearby About 23 persons will Village given to people of villages will be given be employed directly. Luhariya. nearby villages. preference in Indirect employment -Villagers living in employment. will also be generated 5.0km radius should get during the project rebate on purchasing of operation. bajri.

Table 7.2: Time Bound Action Plan S.No Activity Action to be Undertaken Budetary Time Schedule Provision in Rs. I II III IV V Lac Per Annum 1 Environmental Air, water, soil, Noise 3.5 Monitoring Monitoring etc. 2 Green Belt About 800 local plant 1.0 Development species plant per year along Road, Lease and govt. and private land in consultation of local authorities. 3 Construction and Construction and 8.5 Maintanance of Maintenance of Roads in haul road the Villages near mine lease area with the help of Village Panchyat. 3. Conservation of Awareness and reward to 11.00 Schedule-I people help to conservation Species of species

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4 Education § Distribution of uniform. 6.0 Bags and study material to school children. § Renovation of school building. § Distribution of sports goods in school children. § Books/Chemicals/sports kits to school library/laboratory/ school department. 5 Health check up § General health camps 6.0 camps for for near by villagers. workers and § Eye, Blood, Diabeties villagers checkup camps. § Distribution of medicines free of cost. 6 Health Safety OHS Programme of the 6.0 workers under CSR 7 Medical Initial & Periodical medical 0.11 Checkup & check-up for all workers, others First Aid facilities, rest shelter etc 8 Drinking Water § Support for supply of 5.0 & Sanitation drinking water. § Construction of sanitation facilities in govt. school. *Public Hearing details enclosed as Annexure No.10.

7.2 IMPACTS DUE TO TRANSPORTATION The sand produced from the mine is to be consumed by different construction/Infrastructural projects located at Chittorgarh and adjoining areas. Transportation of mined out mineral from the river bed will be transported by hired Dumpers, Tractor-Trolly, and Trucks. Total Production during the five years planning is 8.40 Lac Tonne. About 30 trucks per day will be required in this mining project. Capacity of each truck is 20 Ton. The proposed increase in traffic density will not cause significant impact on the traffic since the connecting road and nearby Highway is capable of handling this increase in traffic density. The trucks will be properly covered with tarpaulin and overloading will not be allowed to avoid spillage on roads. 7.2.1 RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN The present project is a Sand mining project, which is relatively very low risk activity, being surface mining or opencast mining, compared to coal mining. The risks associated with the project

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are not hazardous, but if any, they are only accidents and incidents, associated with mining machinery or transportation activity. This part delineates the risks associated with the project and the prevention measures to avoid or minimize the risk. 7.2.2 ACTIVITIES WITH POTENTIAL RISKS None of the risks are of hazardous type, while accidents and incidents can be expected if adequate controls or safety systems are not adopted. The sand excavation and loading on to the trucks by Backhoe can have risks of accidents if human failure or errors are not taken care of. The Accidents, if any, may not be fatal, but are potential to cause temporary or permanent disabilities. Thus, the need for adequate safety at work places is needed. On the other hand, the manual activity of sand mining and sand loading is not associated with accidents, however, some minor incidents like exhaustion, sun-strokes, or other health related incidents may take place, which can be avoided with adequate safety regulations and measures. Transportation of mined sand to the stowing sites is the activity associated with accidents on road and at the project site. However, with effective safety measures the accidents can be avoided and prevented. 7.2.3 SAFETY OF MACHINE USE AT MINING SITE The major machinery that is used at mining site is only a Backhoe vehicle that can excavate sand and load on to the trucks. The area where Backhoe is operated will be manned by appropriate licensed and trained staff to ensure that the vehicle activity is performed as per the safety norms. The vehicle operating condition is ensured every day before the work is initiated, especially with regard to its hydraulic systems, mechanical conditions, and other operating systems. The movement of trucks for loading of sand shall be regulated by a trained inspector who shall be responsible for the safety of vehicle movement and prevention of accidents or incidents associated with the vehicular movement. The staff working with backhoe and on site shall be trained in first- aid and other safety measures, accident or incident prevention and reporting and communication mechanisms. 7.2.4 SAFETY MEASURES DURING WORKING AT SAND MINING SITE Occupational safety and health is very closely related to productivity and good employer – employee relationship. Some of the measures proposed for occupational safety and health have been listed below: § Safety measures will be implemented as per mine act 1952, MMR 1961 mines rules 1955. § Protective equipment like dust mask, ear plugs/muffs and other equipments shall be provided for use by the work persons. § Notices warning to prevent inadvertent entry of persons shall be displayed at all conspicuous places and in particular near mine entries. § Danger signs shall be displayed near the excavations. § Security guards will be posted. § Provision of rest shelters for mine workers with amenities like resting, drinking water, and toilets facilities etc. will be provided by lessee. § Rotation of workers, if necessary. § First - Aid facilities in the mining area. § Training of personnel to inculcate safety consciousness through slogans and posters.

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§ All workers will be subjected to medical examination as per mines rule 1955 both at times of appointment and at least once in five years. Medical camps will be organized for this activity. Insurance of all employees as per the rules will be carried out § Regular/periodical monitoring of mine environment to ensure the efficacy of various protective measures. 7.2.5 SAFETY MEASURES DURING SAND TRANSPORTATION Sand transportation from the mining site to the market (20 to 30 km) is a major activity that can have potential risks of road accidents. In order to prevent these, the following safety measures will be proposed: · The vehicles will be maintained in good condition and checked thoroughly at least once a month by the competent person authorized for the purpose by the management. · The vehicle drivers and associated staff will have appropriate licenses issued by the concerned authorities. · All transportation within the main working should be carried out directly under the supervision and control of the management. · The maximum permissible speed limit will be ensured. · To avoid danger while reversing the equipments/vehicles especially at the working place/loading points, stopper should be posted to properly guide reversing/spotting operating, otherwise no person should be there within 10 km radius of machine. · Avoid over-loading of tippers & trucks & consequent spillage on the roads. 7.2.6 POSSIBLE RISKS DUE TO FAILURE OF WASTE DUMP & ITS CONTROL No waste dump will be created therefore the question of failure of waste dump does not exist. 7.2.7 OTHER POSSIBLE MEASURES TO AVOID RISKS/DISASTER DUE TO RIVER BED MINING. · Unwanted material including mineral or spillage (if any) will not be stacked on the banks as it will hinder the flow of water in monsoon season. · The minerals will be mined out in a uniform way so that the river flow/course will not get disturbed. · 7.5 m offset will also be left against the banks to protect side collapse/scouring and riparian vegetation. 7.2.8 STORAGE OF OIL AND FUEL · Due care will be taken to avoid oil spillage. · Oil collecting bins will be placed before taking out oil from drum to prevent spillage on the ground. · Sufficient no’s of foam type fire extinguishers will be provided

· All equipments deployed in the mine will be provided with fire extinguishers CO2 · Used oil will be send to Authorized Recycler & Vendors. 7.2.9 MEASURES TO PREVENT DANGEROUS INCIDENTS DURING INUNDATION/ FLOODING The following activities will be done to minimize the risk are:- i. During monsoon months and heavy rains the mining operations are ceased. ii. There should be mechanism/ warning system of heavy rains and flood.

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7.2.10 MEASURES TO PREVENT DANGEROUS INCIDENTS DURING INUNDATION/ FLOODING The following activities will be done to minimize the risk are:- i. During monsoon months and heavy rains the mining operations are ceased. ii. There should be mechanism/ warning system of heavy rains and flood. Inundation of flooding is expected and beneficial for these mines as during this time only the mineral reserve gets replenished. 7.3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN In order to handle disaster/emergency situations, an organizational chart entrusting responsibility to various project personnel will be prepared with their specific roles during emergency. 7.3.1 PLANNING 7.3.1.1IDENTIFICATION AND PREVENTION OF POSSIBLE EMERGENCY SITUATIONS Possible emergency situations can broadly be classified into vehicle collision, and inundation. Some of the ways of preventing emergencies are as follows: Ø Preparation of a Preventive Maintenance Schedule Programme and also covering maintenance schedules for all mining machinery/equipment and instruments as well as transport vehicles as per recommendations of the manufacturers user manuals. Ø Ensuring the compliance of traffic rules strictly along Katcha roads (haul roads) within the mine lease area as well as outside the mine lease area. Ø Emergent situation arise due to happening of some incident culminating into an abnormal situation. It implies that sufficient time space running from a few seconds to few minutes is always invariably available to arrest an incident of abnormal situation from turning in to an emergency. 7.3.2. IMPLEMENTATION Following key personnel, identified for carrying out specific and assigned duties in case of any kind of emergency, shall be available on call on holidays and off duty also. § Mine Manager § Personnel Officer § Foreman § Senior Mining Mate § Essential workers 7.3.2.1 RESPONSIBILITIES OF MINE MANAGER § To take overall charge at the place of incident and activate the Emergency Preparedness § Plan according to severity of situation. § Inform Doctor to be ready for treatment of affected employees and intimate their relatives. § To depute staff carry out following functions - § To liaison with District Administration and other Departments and guide their personnel § To supervise Assembly and Evacuation at all points § To look after Patients who are bed ridden and any Casualties and give psychological support § Inform and liaise with project proponent, Police department and District Emergency Authority. § Arrange for chronological records of emergency to be maintained. § Issue authorized statements to News Media. 7.3.2.2 RESPONSIBILITIES OF MINES FOREMAN § To take immediate charge at the site of incident and ensure that immediate steps as per § Emergency Preparedness Plan is taken and immediately informs Mines manager. § Ensure accounting for personnel and rescue of missing persons. § Control traffic movement in lease premises.

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CHAPTER No. 8 PROJECT BENEFITS 8.0 GENERAL The proposed river sand mining project has a significant positive impact on the socio-economic environment of the area. It will help to sustain the development of the area. The proposed project will significantly contribute to the economic development of the area and to improve standards of living. The execution of the project i.e removal of sand will protect against widening of the river channel and flooding of adjoining areas, bring overall improvement in the locality, neighbourhood and the State by bringing industry, roads, water supply, electricity, employment, living standard and economic growth. The project will provide raw material for in infrastructure development, increase employment opportunity and improve the socioeconomic condition of the area. 8.1 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION Employment is expected to increase during sand excavation, sand transportation, in trade and other ancillary services. Employment in these sectors will be primarily temporary or contractual and involvement of unskilled labour will be more. A major part of this labour force will be mainly from local villagers who are expected to engage themselves both in agriculture and project activities. This will enhance their income and lead to overall economic growth of the area. The proponent feels that the proposed river sand mining project will help in generating newer employment opportunity both directly and indirectly. The core and buffer area will be benefitted as the employment preference will be given to locals. As the education level of the local area is low, employment might help create livelihood to the people. The proposed project will bring in job opportunities during operational phase. The man power requirement is based on quantity of production and transportation technology. The proposed mining activity will generate employment to the local people in this area. The proposed project will generate direct employment to 23 personnel. About 20 workers will be employed in mining operations, other supporting services and 3 no’s of managerial staff. 8.1.1IMPROVEMENTS IN PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE The proposed project will enhance the socio-economic activities in the adjoining areas. This will result in following benefits:- § Improvements in physical infrastructure. § Improvements in social infrastructure. § Generation of employment and improved standard of living § Contribution to the exchequer. § Prevention of illegal mining. § Post-mining enhancement of green cover 8.1.2 TANGIBLE SOCIAL BENEFITS There will be a positive impact in socio-economic area due to increased economic activities, reation of new employment opportunities, infrastructural development and better educational and health facilities. § The Lessee will undertake awareness program and community activities like health, camps, medical aids, family welfare camps, AIDS awareness programme etc.

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§ Periodic medical check-ups as per Mines Act/ Rules and other social development and promotional activities will be undertaken. All this will assist to lift the general health status of the residents of the area around mines. § A massive plantation has been done in the mine area so far and lot many are proposed to mitigate the ill-effects of mining and to improve the vicinity and environment of mine and it surrounding area. The project proponent will give emphasis on plantation and will also motivate local persons for plantation during rainy season. This will also increase the consciousness in workers and near-by villagers for greenery.

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CHAPTER - 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.0 GENERAL The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development in the study area. This chapter covers the genesis of pollution, the principal sources of pollution, the nature of pollution, the proposed measures required for meeting the prevailing statutory requirements of dust & gaseous emissions, waste water discharge characteristics, noise levels etc for environmental management purpose in connection with the mining and mining related activities in the study area. For attaining the desired objective of good environmental quality in the study area, several management strategies in different phases are proposed and evaluated. Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required for formulation, implementation and monitoring of environmental protection measures during and after commissioning of the proposed mining project. The objectives of EMP are: § Overall conservation of environment. § Minimization of dust generation and pollution. § Judicious use of natural resources and water. § Safety, welfare and good health of the work men and populace. § Ensure effective operation of all control measures. § Vigilance against probable disasters and accidents. § Monitoring of cumulative and long time impacts. § Ensure effective operation of all control measures. 9.1 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL In the proposed mining project, the only pollution will occur from dust (Particulate Matter) during excavation, vehicular traffic, loading/unloading etc. Regular water sprinkling arrangement will be provided in the mining lease area for dust suppression. Speed limit of vehicles will be restricted to 20 kmph in the mine area for the movement of machineries, truck & etc. to control the dust emission. The following measures will be taken to reduce the impact on the air quality: § Vehicles will be covered by tarpaulin to reduce spillage on roads. § Regular checking & Maintenance of vehicles, trucks, dumpers etc, will be conducted and pollution under control (PUC) vehicle will be used during transportation. § Periodically, water will be sprinkled on haul roads to wet the surface. § Overloading of transport vehicles will be avoided to prevent spillage. § Provision of green belt by vegetation for trapping dust. § Dust mask provided to the workers engaged at dust generation points like excavations, loading and unloading points. § Periodic air quality survey will be carried out to monitor the quality and for timely corrective actions. § Road will be properly maintained.

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9.1.1 CONTROL OF GASEOUS EMISSIONS

The source of SO2 & NO2 will be due to vehicular emissions. This will be controlled by proper & regular maintenance and servicing of vehicles. The emissions of all vehicles used for transport will be in accordance with the MOEF/CPCB norms. 9.1.2 MEASURE TO CONTROL DUST INHALATION All the above measures will be adopted to prevent dust generation at mining site during excavation activities and to be dispersed in the outside environment. However, for the safety of workers at site, engaged at strategic locations/dust generation points like loading, handling etc., dust masks will be provided. Dust masks will prevent inhalation of particulate matter thereby reducing the risk of lung diseases and other respiratory disorders among the workers. 9.2 WATER MANAGEMENT & WATER POLLUTION CONTROL 9.2.1 SURFACE WATER The major source of surface water pollution due to sand mining is insignificant, however, the following measures will be undertaken to prevent water pollution. · Utmost care will be taken to minimize spillage of sand. · Mining schedule will be synchronized with the river flow direction and the gradient of the land. · The washing of trucks and tractor trolleys in the river will be avoided. · Mining will be avoided during the monsoon season. This will help in replenishment of sand in the river bed. · Mining will be carried out above the water table. · Mining will not intersect the river bed water level or ground water table of the area. 9.2.2 GROUND WATER There will not be any adverse effect on the ground water quality. The minor mineral does not contain any harmful element, which could percolate into the ground and pollute the ground water. Hence, no control measures are required. However, regular monitoring of quality in the existing hand pumps/tube wells in the vicinity will be carried out both with reference to area and time intervals to study the hydrodynamics of the strata. 9.3 NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES As there will be no heavy earth moving machinery there will not be any major impact on noise level due to sand mining and other association activities a detailed noise survey has been carried out and results were cross referenced with standards and were found to be well within limits. Drilling & Blasting will not be used for sand mining, hence no possibility of land vibration. The only impact will be due to transportation of sand by trucks and tractor trolleys etc .As the only impact is due to transportation of sand to the to the market though village roads, the following control measures shall be taken to keep the ambient noise levels well within limits: § Minimum use of horns and speed limit of 20 km in the village area. § Use of personal protective devices i.e., earmuffs and earplugs by workers, working in high noise areas. § Timely maintenance of vehicles and their silencers to minimize sound. § Care will be taken to produce minimum sound during sand loading § Phasing out of old and worn out trucks.

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§ Provision of green belts in consultation with forest officer along the road networks. 9.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT Degradation of land is not a very significant adverse impact of riverbed mining due to creation of access roads, mining operations, and transportation of mined material. In order to prevent the environmental degradation of leased mine area and its surroundings, the following measures will be taken; · Safe clearance will be mainly determined by the width of the river bed. · Creation of ponds and pits on the river bed will not be allowed. · Operations during daylight only. · No foreign material will be allowed to remain/spill in river bed and catchment area, or no pits/pockets will be allowed to be filled with such material. · As the lease area in quite large and long in length systematic extraction will be carried out to prevent seasonal scouring and enhanced erosion. · 45.0 m radius around the well located in the river bed will not have any mining activity. · Measures will be taken to prevent the working form crossing safety zones. Cutting the banks and 3.0 m depth limit of the river bed surface. 9.4.1 POST MINING LAND USE At the end of mining plan period about 95.0 Ha area will be mined out. Land use at various stages is given in the table below. Table No: 9.1 Land use pattern of mining lease area at various phases S. Particulars Present land At the end of At the end of No. use (ha) 3rd year (ha) 5th year (ha) 1 Mine area 75.0 87.0 95.0 2 Dump area 0.0 - - Safety zone, Roads, Structures 6.30 100.75 100.75 3 & etc. 4 Infrastructure (office, temp, - - - shelter etc) 5 Mineral Storage - - - 6 Plantation - - - 7 Un worked 205.13 98.68 90.68 Total 286.43 286.43 286.43

9.5 SOIL CONSERVATION There is no soil over mineralized area; however the receding floods in the monsoon season deposit some clay/soil carried down by river water. It is hardly a few millimetres thick and of not much consequence. Even in the areas of no mining activity the process of deposition in one season and transportation of previously deposited material in the next season takes place along with deposition of fresh material by receding floods. Soil Quality will be monitored in the area surrounding the core zone used for agricultural activity to check for any negative impacts on the soil quality. Year-wise plantation activity will be undertaken as proposed in the approved mining

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plan. Plantation activity will be undertaken in consultation with village Panchayat near the river banks, village roadside to improve the land quality, aesthetics and reduce soil erosion. 9.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The dust is the only major pollutant, which will be generated from different activities of mining. The effect of particulate matter on vegetation is in the form of incrustation, plugging of stomata, and loss of chlorophyll and reduction of photosynthesis process. The annual plantation proposed for five years of mining period shall greatly help in developing a good vegetal cover on the upper terrace near the bank of the river and eventually attract micro fauna, birds etc. in the area. Thus, there will be positive impact on terrestrial environment around the mine lease area. The increase in siltation due to mining shall be controlled by creating greenbelt and soil conservation works. 9.6.1GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT Greenbelt development programme will be designed within the natural constraints of the river sand area and in particular species selection reflects flora known to be resistant to the local conditions. A Greenbelt development is necessary for: 1. Landscaping and providing shelter 2. Help in reducing Pollution level 3. Surface air purification by providing oxygen and letting SPM to settle on the leaves. 4. To attenuate noise generation by movement of vehicles and other machinery. 5. Prevent soil erosion to great extent 6. Improve ecological conditions. 7. Improves the aesthetics & beneficially influence the microclimate of the surrounding. The following characteristics will be taken into consideration while selecting plant species for green belt development and tree plantation. a. They should be local indigenous and drought resistant species. b. They should be fast growing and tall trees. c. They should be perennial and evergreen. d. They should have thick canopy cover. e. The planting should be in appropriate alternate rows around the site to prevent lateral pollution dispersion. f. The trees should maintain regional ecological balance and conform to soil and hydrological conditions. Indigenous species should be preferred. g. Species will be planted as per CPCB guidelines. 9.6.2 PLANTATION PROGRAMME The lease is in the river bed and devoid of any vegetation. Mining activities will not cause any harm to riparian vegetation cover as the working will not extend beyond the offset left against the banks. It is proposed to have plantation on both sides of the roads & along the bank of river as greenbelt to provide cover against dust dissemination plantation will also be carried out as social forestry programmed in villages school and the areas allocated by the Panchayat/State authorities. A suitable combination of trees that can grow fast and also have good leaf cover shall be adopted to develop the greenbelt. It is proposed to plant 4000 no’s of native species along with some fruits bearing and medicinal trees during the five year plan period.

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Table No. 9.2 Greenbelt Development Programme

Year of Target of Assumed Area to be covered in Ha.

plantation Plantation survival (80%) (Year Wise)

I 800 640 2.0 II 800 640 2.0 III 800 640 2.0 IV 800 640 2.0 V 800 640 2.0 Total 4000 3200 10.0

Table No 9.3 NAME OF PLANTS PROPOSED S.No Species Name Binomial name 1 Neem Azadirachta indica 2 Ardu Ailanthus excelsa 3 Siris Albizia lebbeck 4 Peepal Ficus religiosa 5 Lasora Cordia dicotoma 6 Karanj Pongamia pinnata 8 Khejari Prosopis cineraria 9 Shisham Dalbergia sissoo 10 Imli Tamarindus indica 11 Shahtoot Morus alba 12 Kassod Cassia siamia 13 Jamun Syzygium cumini 14 Mango Mangifera indiaca 15 Jal Salvadora persica 16 Bel Aegle marmalos 17 Dhak Butea Monosperma 18 Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon 19 Jungle Jalaebi Pithecelabium dulce *Other Native Species also planted in consultation of local authorities. 9.6.3 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT i. Plantation of trees will be done along road side and nearby areas such as in school, villages etc to arrest auto-exhaust and noise pollution, and in such a way that there is no direct line of sight to the mine when viewed from a point outside the foliage perimeter. ii. Since tree trunks are normally devoid of foliage (upto 3 m), it will be appropriate to have shrubbery in the form of such trees to give coverage to trunk portion of these trees. iii. Fast growing trees with thick perennial foliage will be grown fast growing trees will be selected. In order to facilitate the proper growth of vegetation, limited measures involving

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preparation of seedbed with suitable amount of fertilizers and treatment with mulches will be taken. Vegetation covers in and around the mine workings generally helps in: § Stabilizing erodible slopes to minimize pollution. § Control of dust. § Enhancement of aesthetic value. § Maximizing evapo-transpiration, which helps minimizing run off. § Reducing noise. Faunal studies were conducted during study period. Four schedule I species (IWPA 1972) Indian Peafowl (Pavo Cristatus), Chinkara (Gazella bennetti), Rock Python (Python molurus) and Panther (Panthera pardus) were reported in the study area. Indian Peafowl was directly observed while Chinkara, Panther & Rock Python were reported by secondary information (from forest department & local resident people) within 10 km radius of the study area. The suitable conservation plan were prepared with adequate budgetary provision with time bound activities in consultation of concern forest authorities and also submitted to Dy. Conservator of Forest (WL) for further process.Also submitted the application to Director, NBWL, New Delhi on 20/01/2015 for Wild Life Clearance. 9.6.4. CONSERVATION PLAN FOR SCHEDULE –I SPECIES CONSERVATION PLAN FOR INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) Peacock or Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) is a familiar and universally known large pheasant. It is a National Bird of India, belongs to Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 was reported from the some villages of the study area. The male has a spectacular glossy green long tail feathers that may be more than 60 percent of the bird’s total body length. These feathers have blue, golden green and copper colored ocelli (eyes). The long tail feathers are used for mating rituals like courtship displays. The feathers are arched into a magnificent fan shaped form across the back of the bird and almost touching the found on both sides. Females do not have these graceful tail feathers. They have the fan like crest with whitish face and throat, chestnut brown crown and hind neck, metallic green upper breast and mantle, white belly and brown back rump and tail. Their primaries are dark brown. CLASSIFICATION Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Aves Order : Galliformes Family : Phasianidae Genus : Pavo Species : Pavo cristatus Vernacular name : Indian Peafowl

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Peacock in study area

Habitat Use No any peacock was sighted in the core zone. All the direct sightings of the peacock were located near the human dominated and forest areas. This species is well adapted to natural village environment setting. According to the villagers, peacock is present in both, village and forest areas. Day time they temporarily move towards the surrounding agriculture areas for feeding while during night time roosts on the trees present in the village. People of villages pointed out that, some peacocks present in the nearby Hills, hide in the rocky caves in the night time and they never come to villages while some of the roosting on the trees present in the agriculture hedges. Study Approach Buffer zone of the study area has been reported as a habitat of Schedule I species Pavo cristatus commonly known as peacock, more effort was made to assess their status in term of movements and habitat use in and around the study area. At first, a detailed biological survey of the core zone and buffer zone (10 km radius from periphery of the proposed river bed sand mining project) was carried out to understand the status distribution of the species in the study area. Also, questionnaire survey was carried out to understand the recent status of peacock sightings and their movements. Overall, 18 people from seven villages were interviewed randomly. The conclusion of the survey discussed the potential sightings & habitat use, and movement and food habits of peacock in the study area. Habitat Use No any peacock was sighted in the core zone. All the direct sightings of the peacock were located near the human dominated and forest areas. This species is well adapted to natural village environment setting. According to the villagers, peacock is present in both, village and forest areas. Day time they temporarily move towards the surrounding agriculture areas for feeding while during night time roosts on the trees present in the village.

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People of villages pointed out that, some peacocks present in the nearby Hills, hide in the rocky caves in the night time and they never come to villages while some of the roosting on the trees present in the agriculture hedges. Life Cycle Call : Kee-ow, Kee-ow, Kee-ow, Ka-an, Ka-an, Ka-an, Kok-kok, Kok-kok, cain- kok Breeding : April-September (Project area) Nest site : On ground in undergrowth (wild) On buildings by semi-feral birds in villages Body length : 180-230 cm Weight : 2750-6000 gm Habitat : In the undergrowth in deciduous forests near streams Tall trees for roosting

Food Habits Peafowls are omnivores, eating plant parts, flower petals, seed heads, insects and other arthropods, reptiles and amphibians. In the study area, dense tree canopy cover supports good insect diversity which is very common food for peafowl. Conservation and Relationship with man The great beauty and popularity of the Indian Peafowl has ensured its protection throughout most of its native ranges. It is a National bird of India. The peafowl is prominent in the mythology and folklore of the Indian people. The Hindus consider the bird to be sacred because of its association with Lord Krishna who used to wear its feather as crown (Mor Mokut). It is also associated with the God Kartikeya, son of the Lord Shiva and Parvati and brother of Lord Ganesh. It is “Vaahan” (transport) of Lord Kartikeya.

CONSERVATION STATUS

Extinct Threatened least concern

EX EW CR EN VU NT LC

IUCN : Least Concern IWPA : Schedule I CITES : Not listed

Habitat Present survey of the peafowl in the buffer zone of the project site cleared that; peafowl is using both, village adjacent habitats and forest habitats of the buffer zone. However, the following points can give an insight on the overall status of peafowl in the study area and thereby plan for better management strategies related to proposed project activities.

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People of the surveyed villages were well aware of the habits and habitats of peafowl in the study area. Moreover, local people are against hunting and poaching of the Peacocks. In the buffer zone, peafowl uses agriculture (adjacent to village) and forest habitats as a feeding and breeding ground. Some of the peacocks are taking shelter in the village adjacent habitats while some prefer to rocky forest hills. It clearly indicates that, peafowl normally uses human associated and forest habitats. From above study, it has been visualized that, the proposed project will not have any significant impact on peacock in terms of their normal movements and other activities. However, it is necessity to take some management options like habitat improvement in the villages located in the vicinity of the project site. So, habitat improvement programme (plantation of local plant species) will be undertaken indifferent villages located in the close vicinity of the project area. Under this programme saplings will be distributed in the nearby villages with the consultation of the local forest department. Threats Threats to the peacocks in the area are: 1) Habitat loss, specially the shortage of tall trees in and around the villages for roosting and for providing shade during hot summer months. 2) Shortage of drinking water for the birds during the hot summer days. 3) Casualties caused by eating chemically treated agricultural crop seeds. 4) Illegal hunting by some communities. In the study area, all the villages surveyed are against hunting or poaching of the people. Peacock conservation plan has to address these threats. Conservation Measures/ Plan Proposed Direct and indirect approach is required to provide effective conservation, which is recommended as under: 1. Increasing the tree cover in the buffer area for shelter and roosting of peacocks. This will be achieved by planting of tree groves (a group of trees that grow close together, generally without many bushes or other plants) in buffer area. Some local species such as Neem, Siris, Shesham, Meetha Jal, Peepal tree etc. will be planted. Planting of tree groves in school compounds in the villages of buffers area will be planted as per the plantation programme. 2. By conducting awareness programmes (community and school level) for conservation of peacocks in the area and also through organizing competitions during “Wildlife Week” and “Van Mahotsave” celebrations. 3. Some provision of rewards to informers for the control of poaching and illegal trade in wildlife. 4. Provision of veterinary care and cages for injured or sick deformed birds. 5. Suggest strategies to minimize negative impacts of changing environment in nearby area of peacock populations and to promote conservation of peacock habitats. 6. Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society dedicated to ecological ethics. All the conservation measures will be implemented with the help of and in the consultation of the district forest department, Chittorgarh (Raj.). 7. With the objective of effectively protecting the wild life and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives, the Government of India enacted Wild Life

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(Protection) Act 1972. The Act was amended in January 2003 and punishment and penalty for offences under the Act have been made more stringent. For above mentioned activities, proponent has proposed a sum of Rs. 12,50,000/- for the “Peacock” conservation plan under the following heads up to three years in consultation of local forest department. BUDGETARY PROVISION WITH SCHEDUL OF ACTIVITIES Activi S. No 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year Budget (INR) ty 1 Plantation, Water, Food grains for peafowl and Cash prizes to informer and: approximately 400 tree/year of local plant species and their fencing, Providing water for water holes, Food grains Like Wheat, Barley maize etc. and repairing and maintenance of available ponds etc. for five years Amount Rs. 2, 00,000 2, 00,000 2, 00,000 2, 00,000 2, 00,000 1.Murliyas 1.Rajyas 1.Hapur 1.Mandawa 1.Dugar 10,00,000 Villages 2.Motliyas 2.Dhantol 2.Kerpura 2.Itawa 2.Rupakhera 2 Awareness programme for “Peacock” conservation will be scheduled in a year in schools of Ten villages and for villagers every year. Amount Rs. 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 Schools 1.Murliyas 1.Rajyas 1.Hapur 1.Mandawa 1.Dugar 2,50,000/- 2.Motliyas 2.Dhantol 2.Kerpura 2.Itawa 2.Rupakhera Total Budget Rs. 12,50,000/-

(Rupees Twelve lacs and Fifty thousand Only)

All above activities will be carried out with the consultation of local forest department and Gram panchayat of respective villages. Plantation, Water and Cash prizes to informer: approximately 400 tree/year of local plant species and their fencing, providing water for water holes and repairing and maintenance of available ponds etc. for five years. Plants species / verities will be suggested by the local forest department and plant saplings will be distributed in project villages as per the above mentioned schedule (year wise). Awareness programme for “Peacock” conservation will be scheduled in a year in 10 schools (nearest to project site) schools every year. During awareness programme following activities will be arranged at the various village level schools as mentioned above (year wise), · “Essay writing on Peacock” · “Drawing competition (Peacock picture)” · “Exhibition on peacock conservation CONSERVATION PLAN FOR PANTHER (PANTHERA PARDUS LINNAEUS 1758) GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMAL- PANTHER (Panthera pardus Linnaeus 1758)

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Classification Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Carnivora Family Felidae Genus Panthera Species Panthera pardus

INTRODUCTION: Panther is extremely conservative in their choice of territory. An individual's territory is usually located in a river basin which generally extends to the natural topographical borders of the area. The territory of two individuals may sometimes overlap, but only slightly. Depending on sex, age, and family size, the size of an individual's territory can vary from 5,000–30,000 ha (19–116 sq mi). They may use the same hunting trails, routes of constant migration, and even places for extended rest constantly over the course of many years. Female Panthers with cubs are relatively often found in the proximity of deer farms. The large number of domestic deer is a reliable food source that may help to survive difficult times. The large number of domestic deer is a reliable food source that may help to survive difficult times. In 2008, the IUCN stated that Panthers may soon move from a “Near Threatened” to “Vulnerable” status due to heavy hunting mainly for the commercial trade in Asia, persecution due to human-conflict situations, habitat loss and fragmentation. Panthers are also persecuted in Africa by local tribes who use Panther skins for ceremonial dress and body parts for traditional use. Panthers are living longer, people are killing fewer cats, and the population is growing. Females are also having more cubs. Male Panthers don't help raise cubs, but they do provide essential security for females who share their home, protecting them from new males who routinely kill cubs to improve the chances of mating. With the constant killing of male Panthers, females were trapped in a cycle where resident males were not around long enough to guard the cubs from intruding males. Reducing the number of male Panthers killed has helped to re-establish stability, and females now have a safe window in which to raise their young. River sand mining activity will not disturb the habitat and habitat condition of Panther whereas if Panther is observed in the study area rescues and preventive measures will be taken. Geographic Range There are nine subspecies of Panthera pardus, which are distributed as follows: Panthera pardus pardus is in Africa; Panthera pardus nimr, Arabia; Panthera pardus saxicolor, Central Asia; Panthera pardus melas, Java; Panthera pardus kotiya, Sri Lanka; Panthera pardus fusca, the Indian sub-continent; Panthera pardus delacourii, southeast Asia into southern China; Panthera

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pardus japonensis, northern China; and Panthera pardus orientalis, far east Russia, on the Korean peninsula and in north-eastern China.(Breitenmoser, et al., 2008) Physical Description A body size and color pattern of panthers varies geographically and probably reflects adaptations to particular habitats. Panthers have short legs relative to their long body. They have a broad head, and their massive skull allows for powerful jaw muscles. The panther's scapula has specialized attachment sites for climbing muscles. They have small round ears, long whiskers extending from dark spots on the upper lip, and long whiskers in their eyebrows that protect their eyes while moving through dense vegetation. Their coat ranges from tawny or light yellow in warm, dry habitats to reddish-orange in dense forests. Subspecies are distinguished according to unique pelage characteristics. They have solid black spots on their chest, feet, and face and rings on their tail. Cubs have a smoky gray coat and their rosettes are not yet distinct. Each individual has a unique coat, which can be used for identification. Black panthers, which are most populous in humid forests, are panthers with recessive melanistic genes. Savannah and woodland panthers tend to be relatively large while mountain and desert panthers tend to be relatively small. Panthers are sexually dimorphic as males tend to be larger than females. Females range in body mass from 17 to 58 kg and in length from 1.7 to 1.9 m. Males range in mass from 31 to 65 kg and in length from 1.6 to 2.3 m.("African Wildlife Foundation", 2009; "Thinkquest: Library", 1997; Hunter and Hinde, 2005; Nowell and Jackson, 1996) Habitat Panthers inhabit a variety of terrain. They are most populous in mesic woodlands, grassland savannas, and forests. They also occupy mountainous, scrub, and desert habitats. They favor trees throughout their entire geographic distribution, and have been recorded at 5638 meters on Mt. Kilimanjaro.("African Wildlife Foundation", 2009) Reproduction Panthers are promiscuous, as both males and females have multiple mates. Females attract potential mates by excreting pheromones in their urine. Females initiate mating by walking back and forth in front of a male and brushing up against him or swatting him with her tail. The male then mounts the female while frequently biting her nape. Copulation last an average of three seconds with six minute intervals between each copulation bout. A single breeding pair may copulate up to 100 times per day for several days, during which time they share food resources. (Laman and Knott, 1997) Mating System Polygynandrous (promiscuous), The reproductive season is year-round but peaks during the rainy season in May. In China and southern Siberia, panthers mainly breed in January and February. Females are in estrus for 7 days and have a 46 day long cycle. Gestation last 96 days and females usually give birth once every 15 to 24 months. Typically, females stop reproducing around 8.5 years old. (Friedman and Case, 2002;Macaskill, 2009) Panther cubs weigh less than 1 kg at birth, and their eyes remain closed for the first week. Mothers leave their cubs in the protection of dense bush, rock clefts, or hollow tree trunks for up to 36 hours while hunting and feeding. They move den sites frequently, which help prevent cubs from falling prey to lions and other predators. Cubs learn to walk at 2 weeks of age and regularly leave the den at 6 to 8 weeks old, around which time they begin to eat solid food. Mothers share less

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than a third of their food with their cubs. Cubs are completely weaned by 3 months old and independent at just under 20 months old. Often, siblings maintain contact during the early years of independence. Territories are flexible and young may linger in their natal area. (Hunter and Hinde, 2005;Macaskill, 2009; Stander, et al., 1997) LIFESPAN/LONGEVITY Maximum longevity- 27.3 years (captivity). A hybrid between a panther and a lion lived for 24 years Size - Large Metabolism -No information on metabolism is available. Observations: S.no Life history traits DAYS (AVERAGES)

1 Female sexual maturity 937 days 2 Male sexual maturity 771 days 3 Gestation 97 days 4 Weaning 110 days 5 Litter size 2 (viviparous) 6 Litters per year 1.25 7 Inter-litter interval 444 days 8 Weight at birth 550 g 9 Weight at weaning 1,940 g 10 Adult weight 53,750 g 11 Postnatal growth rate 0.0079 days-1 (from Gompertz function) 12 Maximum longevity residual 105%

COMMUNICATION AND PERCEPTION Although panthers are silent most of the time, they may give a hoarse, rasping cough at repeated intervals to advertise their presence to conspecifics. Males use this unique call to announce territorial boundaries. If another panther is in the vicinity, it may answer with a similar vocalization and continue vocalizing as it exits the area. Males also grunt at each other and females call to potential mates when in estrous. Some panthers may purr while feeding. ("African Wildlife Foundation", 2009;Guggisberg, 1975; Nowell and Jackson, 1996) FOOD HABITS Panthers are ambush predators, pouncing on their prey before it chance to react. They approach potential prey by crouching low to the ground, getting as close as 3 to 10 m to prey before pouncing. Panthers are not likely to chase prey after the first pounce. Once a prey item is captured, they immediately break the prey's neck, causing paralysis. After breaking the prey's neck, panthers asphyxiate them and carry the carcass to a secluded feeding location, typically in a nearby tree. They may also cover prey carcasses in leaves and soil. Their tremendous strength allows them to tackle prey up to 10 times their own weight. ("African Wildlife Foundation", 2009; Friedman and Case, 2002; Hayward, et al., 2006; Macaskill, 2009;Stander, et al., 1997)

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Panthers generally prey upon mid-sized ungulates, which include small antelopes (Bovidae), gazelles (Gazella), deer (Cervidae), pigs (Sus), primates (Primates) and domestic livestock. They are opportunistic carnivores and eat birds (Aves), reptiles (Reptilia), rodents (Rodentia), arthropods (Arthropoda), and carrion when available. Panthers prefer prey that weigh between 10 and 40 kg. They are also known to scavenge from cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), solitary hyenas (Hyaenidae), and smaller carnivores as well. They are known to cache food and may continue hunting despite having multiple carcasses already cached. ("African Wildlife Foundation", 2009; Friedman and Case, 2002; Hayward, et al., 2006; Macaskill, 2009;Stander, et al., 1997) ECOSYSTEM ROLES Panthers compete for food with lions (Panthera leo), tigers (Panthera tigris), spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), and African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus). To avoid attacks from potential predators, panthers tend to hunt at different times of the day and avoid areas where potential predators are most populous. When competition for larger prey items is high, panthers prey on smaller animals, which reduce interspecific competition. Panthers are host to many common felid parasites, including lung flukes (Paragominus westermani), flat worms (Pseudophyllidea), spirurian nematodes (Spiruroidea), hookworms (Ancylostomatidae), lung worms (Aelurostrongylus), intestinal and hepatic parasites (Capillaria), and parasitic protozoa (Sarcocystis). (Friedman and Case, 2002; Macaskill, 2009; Patton and Rabinowitz, 1994).Panthers are declining in parts of their geographic range due to habitat loss and fragmentation, and hunting for trade and pest control. As a result, panthers are listed as "near threatened" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Panthers appear to show some resistance to minor habitat disturbances and are relatively tolerant of humans. Currently, panthers are protected throughout most of their range in west Asia; however, populations in this part of their range are too small to maintain stable growth. Although habitat reserves and national parks exist throughout their geographic range in Africa, a majority of panthers live outside these protected areas. Although panthers are the most populous of the "great cats", 5 of 9 subspecies are listed as endangered or critically endangered.(Breitenmoser, et al., 2008) v IUCN Red List Ø Near Threatened Ø More information v IW(P)A Ø Schedule I species v CITES Ø Appendix I THREATS 1. The most urgent threat is ever-increasing fragmentation into a patchy network of distant and often too small subpopulations. No subpopulation across the entire range is believed to contain more than 100 mature individuals. In the Caucasus, corridors are urgently needed to link fragmented populations. 2. Prey reduction from poaching, infrastructure development, disturbance and habitat loss (collection of edible plants and mushrooms, mining, road construction, deforestation, wild fire and livestock grazing) are the driving forces of range fragmentation, and leave vast tracts of mountainous habitats unsuitable for resident panther subpopulations. The inter-patch hostile environments can

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be crossed by dispersing sub-adult panthers, but such movements are risky and often end up with killings of predators that actually or allegedly kill livestock in order to survive. 3. Direct poaching occurs as trophy hunting for sales in fur markets, shooting to alleviate predation on livestock and killings upon encounter. It is not widespread, but makes a substantial impact on population viability due to small population size. 4. Political conflict between two countries entails the factors that boost poaching: military training and testing grounds, border posts, intensification of agriculture and mining in safety zones and re- settling of previously abandoned villages. Panther occurrence is inversely related to human densities. Panthers come into conflict with people across their range. A rapidly increasing threat to panthers is the poisoning of carcasses targeting carnivores. Conservation Measures: 1. Included on CITES Appendix I. Legal international traffic is limited largely to exports of skins and hunting trophies under a CITES Appendix I quota system by 13 African countries (2005 CITES quota is 2,590). 2. Panthers are protected under national legislation throughout most of their range (Nowell and Jackson 1996). 3. Although Panthers occur in numerous protected areas across their range, the majority of the population occurs outside of protected areas, necessitating a need for improved conflict mitigation measures (including livestock management, conflict resolution) (Hunter et al. in press). 4. Panthers are essentially restricted to protected areas, many of which are too small to support viable populations, and need expansion through buffer zones and connectivity through corridors (Breitenmoser et al. 2006, 2007). 5. Panthers need better protection from illegal trade in skins and bones (Nowell 2007). Conservation Plan for Panther: S.No Conservation Action Expenditure 2 year 3rd year 4th year 5th year in Ist year 1. Awareness programme for protect 75,000/ - 60,000/- 60,000/ 50,000/- 50,000/ the threatened species through Wild life week and Biodiversity day, Environment day and others i.e. Poster campaign, Speech on particular species , seminar etc. 2. Fencing in surrounding area with the 90,000/- 70,000/- 70,000/- 60,000/- 65,000 help of District Forest department. 3. Development of water resources in 75,000/- 55,000/- 55,000/- 55,000/- 50,000/- protected areas with the help of DFO and Wild life conservator 4. Vetnary hospital for Medical 75,000/- 60,000/- 50,000/- 50,000/- 50,000/- facilities for treatment of injured Panther species 5. Development of Afforestation 75,000/- 55,000/- 55,000/- 40,000/- 40,000/- programme in protective and

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sensitive areas of habitat of Panther with District Forest department Total 3,90,000 3,00000 3,00000 2,55,000 2,55,000

ROCK PYTHON (Python molurus)

CLASSIFICATION

Kingdom ---Animalia

Phylum--- Chordata

Sub phylum--- Vertebrata

Class--- Reptelia

Order--- Squamata

Family--- Pythonidae

Genus--- Python

Species--- P. molurus

Vernacular Name--- Rock Python

GENERAL DECRIPTION FOR ROCK PYTHON (Python molurus) The color pattern is whitish or yellowish with the blotched patterns varying from shades of tan to dark brown. This varies with terrain and habitat. Specimens from the hill forests of Western Ghats

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and Assam are darker, while those from the Deccan Plateau and East Coast are usually lighter. In India, the nominate subspecies grows to 3 metres (9.8 ft) on average This value is supported by a 1990 study in Keoladeo National Park, where the biggest 25% of the python population was 2.7– 3.3 metres (8.9–10.8 ft) long. Only two specimens even measured nearly 3.6 metres (12 ft). GEOGRAPHIC RANGE Python molurus ranges across the lower half of the Asian continent. The species' western limit is thought to be the Indus Valley. It may range as far north as Quingchuan County of Sichuan Province, China, and as far south as Borneo. Indian pythons seem to be absent from the Malayan Peninsula. It has yet to be determined whether the populations scattered throughout several of the smaller islands are native or feral (escaped pets) populations. There are two recognized subspecies of P. molurus which are separated by geographic range and certain physical characteristics. P. molurus molurusis native to India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. The larger of the two, P. molurus bivitatus (the Burmese python), is typically thought to range from Myanmar eastward across southern Asia through China and Indonesia. It is not present on the island of Sumatra. Introduced individuals have been sighted in the Florida Everglades. (Murphy and Henderson, 1997) HABITAT Indian pythons are found in a variety of habitats including rainforests, river valleys, woodlands, scrublands, grassy marshes, and semi rocky foothills. They are usually found in habitats with areas that can provide sufficient cover. This species is never found very far from water sources, and seems to prefer very damp terrain. (Murphy and Henderson, 1997;Woodland Park Zoo, 2000) Habitat Regions Ø Tropical Terrestrial Biomes Ø savanna or grassland Ø forest Ø rainforest Ø scrub forest Other Habitat Features Ø Riparian PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION Indian pythons are divided into two recognized subspecies, which can be distinguished by physical characteristics. Burmese pythons, P. molurus bivitatus, can grow to lengths of about 7.6 m (25 ft), and can weigh as much as 137 kg (300 lbs.). Indian pythons, P. molurus molurus, stays smaller, reaching a maximum of about 6.4 m (21 ft) in length, and weighing as much as 91 kg (200 lbs.). The hides of both subspecies are marked with a rectangular mosaic type pattern that runs the full length of the animal. P. molurus bivitatus is more darkly colored, with shades of brown and dark cream rectangles that lay over a black background. This subspecies is also characterized by an arrow-shaped marking present on the top of the head, which begins the pattern. P. molurus molurus has similar markings with light brown and tan rectangles placed over a typically cream background.P. molurus molurus only has a partial arrow-shaped marking on the top of the head. Each scale of P. molurus molurus is a single color.

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Indian pythons are dimorphic with females of both subspecies being longer and heavier than males. Males have larger cloacal spurs, or vestigial limbs, than do females. The cloacal spurs are two projections, one on either side of the anal vent, that are thought to be extensions of posterior limbs. Other Physical Features Ø Heterothermic

Sexual Dimorphism Ø Female larger Range mass Ø 137 (high) kg Ø 301.76 (high) lb Range length Ø 7.6 (high) m Ø 24.93 (high) ft Average basal metabolic rate Ø 1.2661 W Ø AnAge Development Young Python molurus are precocial when they hatch. They become independent soon after hatching. They become sexually mature between 2-3 years of age provided the proper body weight is met. (American Museum of Natural History, 1998; Murphy and Henderson, 1997;Woodland Park Zoo, 2000) Reproduction Python molurus reaches sexual maturity between 2-3 years of age provided the proper body weight is met. At this time courting behavior may begin. During courtship, the male wraps his body around the female and repeatedly flicks his tongue across her head and body. Once they align their cloacas, the male uses his vestigial legs to massage the female and stimulate her. Copulation ensues, with the female raising her tail to allow the male to insert one hemipenis (he has two) into the female's cloaca. This process lasts between 5-30 minutes. Approximately 3-4 months later, the female will lay up to 100 eggs, each weighing as much as 207 g (7.3 oz). At this time the female generally coils around the eggs in preparation for an incubation period. Incubation lasts between 2- 3 months. (American Museum of Natural History, 1998; Murphy and Henderson, 1997;Woodland Park Zoo, 2000) Key Reproductive Features Ø Hiteroparous Ø sexual Ø oviparous Range number of offspring Ø 100 (high) Average number of offspring Ø 40 Ø AnAge

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Range gestation period Ø 2 to 3 months Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female) Ø 2 to 3 years Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male) Ø 2 to 3 years During incubation female Python molurus use muscular contractions or "shivers" to raise their body temperatures slightly higher than the surrounding air temperature. It is very uncommon for a mother to leave the eggs during incubation. Once the eggs hatch, the young quickly become independent. (American Museum of Natural History, 1998; Murphy and Henderson, 1997; Woodland Park Zoo, 2000) Parental Investment Ø Pre-hatching/birth Protecting Ø female LIFESPAN/LONGEVITY Ø Average lifespan Ø Status: captivity Ø 15.8 years

BEHAVIOR Python molurus is a solitary species. Mating is the only time that these snakes are commonly found in pairs. Indian pythons will generally move only when food is scarce or when threatened. They may stalk prey, first locating it by scent or by sensing the body heat of the prey with their heat pits, and then following the trail. These snakes are primarily found on the ground, but will sometimes climb trees. Indian pythons are also very often found in or near water. They are expert swimmers, and can stay submerged without breathing for up to thirty minutes at a time. During colder months, starting in October and ending in February, Indian pythons stay hidden and will usually enter a brief period of hibernation until the temperature rises again. (Murphy and Henderson, 1997) COMMUNICATION AND PERCEPTION Like all snakes, chemoreception is important for finding prey, and generally perceiving the environment. Python molurus also has heat sensing pits on its head that allow it to detect endothermic prey that are warmer than the surrounding environment. It has poor eyesight. (Murphy and Henderson, 1997) FOOD HABITS Python molurus is carnivorous. Its diet consists mostly of live prey. Its staples are rodents and other mammals. A small portion of its diet consists of birds, amphibians, and reptiles. When looking for food P. molurus will either stalk prey, ambush, or scavenge for carrion. These snakes have very poor eyesight. To compensate for this, the species has a highly developed sense of smell, and heat pits within each scale along the upper lip, which sense the warmth of nearby prey. Indian pythons kill prey by biting and constricting until the prey suffocates. Prey items are then swallowed whole. To accomplish the feat of swallowing the prey, P. molurus molurusdislocates its jaw and stretches its highly elastic skin around the prey. This allows these snakes to swallow food

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items many times larger than thier own heads. In cases of scavenging there is no constriction of the prey (Murphy and Henderson 1997, Woodland Park Zoo 2000). (Murphy and Henderson, 1997; Woodland Park Zoo, 2000) Ø Primary Diet Ø Carnivore EATS TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES Ø Animal Foods Ø Birds Ø Mammals Ø Amphibians Ø Rreptiles Ø Carrion ECOSYSTEM ROLES Python molurus eats many rodents as well as a variety of vertebrates. It may be important in limiting populations of its prey. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE FOR HUMANS: POSITIVE There is a high amount of exportation for the pet trade. The skin of Indian pythons is highly valued in the fashion industry due to its exotic look. In its native range it is also hunted as a source of food. (American Museum of Natural History, 1998; Jurgen Obst, et al., 1988) POSITIVE IMPACTS Ø pet trade Ø body parts are source of valuable material ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE FOR HUMANS: NEGATIVE Ø No negative impact is known. CONSERVATION STATUS Python molurus is listed by IUCN as lower risk, near threatened. Since June 14, 1976, P. molurus has been listed by the U.S. ESA as endangered throughout its range. The subspecies P. molurus is listed as endangered in Appendix I of CITES. Other P. molurus subspecies are listed in Appendix II, as are all other species of Pythonidae. IUCN Red List Ø Lower Risk - Near Threatened Ø More information IW(P)A 1072 Ø Schedule CITES Ø Appendix I Appendix II Conservation Practice for Python: Ø A comprehensive education and awareness program for school children and villagers in the Python range Ø Media campaign to create awareness about the Python's plight Ø To inform the forest department if Python is seen in the area and make all efforts to send them back into safe zone.

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COMMON CONSERVATION PRACTICES FOR THE SCHEDULED FAUNA: Ø Direct and indirect approach is required to provide effective conservation, which is suggested as under. Ø Some provision of rewards to informers for the control of poaching and illegal trade in wildlife. Ø Suggest strategies to minimize negative impacts of changing environment in nearby area of population and to promote conservation of habitats. Ø Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society. Dedicated to ecological ethics. All the conservation measures will be implemented with the help of and in the consultation of the state forest department. Ø Organized workshop for conservation awareness to control hunting and pouching and encouraging supporting activities. Ø A series of conservation awareness workshops for village and school children should be conducted in the different villages. Interactive discussion will be carried out participants. Ø Some local species such as Neem, Ardu, Sirsi, Palash, Peepal tree etc. will be planted. Planting of tree groves in school compounds in the villages of buffers area as per the plantation programme. Ø Encourage Afforestation activities around or close to habitation. The selection of plant species will be based on requirements of, food, shelter. Ø Some provision of rewards to informers for the control of poaching and illegal trade in wildlife. Ø Small water tank will be repaired in habitation zone if available in study area. Ø Suggest strategies to minimize negative impacts of changing environment in nearby area to promote conservation. Ø Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society dedicated to ecological ethics. All the conservation measures will be implemented with the help of and in the consultation of the state forest department. Ø With the objective of effectively protecting the wild life and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives the government of India enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972. The act was amended in January 2003 and punishment for offences under the Act has been made more stringent. The total budget for conservation for Rock Python will be Rs 4.0 Lac per year (Rs.20.0 Lacs that will be spent in maintenance Plantation of fruits, shady and grasses species, repairing of small water tank and Workshop, Training and awareness programme. Budgetary provisions for Conservation of Rock Python S. No. Conservation Activities Expenditures in Rs per Year 1 Awareness programme for conservation of 30,000 schedule species and Cash prizes every year will be awarded to informers for hunting and poaching. 2 Workshops for creating awareness of 1,10,000

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importance these species for sustainable ecosystem. 3 Fencing of natural habitat to check the encroachment and development new corridors 90,000 for safe life during movement from one place to another. 4 Water Supply to water holes and repairing / 100,000 maintenance of available ponds etc. 5 Food ( Fiber, fodder, Grains) and Medical 60,000 facility for enhance the number of this species and for the scheduled fauna etc. Amount 4,00,000 Total for Five Year ( Rs.) 20,00000.00

CONSERVATON PLAN OF CHINKARA CLASSIFICATION Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Mammalia Order : Artiodactyla Family : Bovidae Subfamily : Antilopinae Genus : Gazella Species : G. bennettii Vernacular name : Chinkara or Indian gazelle

This is the common antelope which found in the vicinity of settlements of ethical communities. The Chinkara is usually seen in small herds comprising not more than 7 or 8 individuals. The expelled bucks are often found in separate herds. Apart from this, single individuals are also a common occurrence (One individual was reported from core zone). The Chinkara, though seen roaming and feeding during daytime in the cultivated fields and generally prefers leaves of

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Crotalaria burhia, Zizipus nummularia and flowers of Tecomella undulata in post-monsoon and winter seasons but during summer Elusine compressa, Maytenus emarginata, Zizipus nummularia, Prosopis cineraria and Heliotropium spp. appear to be the most preferred food. They are maintaining the water balance from the moisture leaden plants and tender parts. This ensures reasonably large contribution to their overall water balance, which supports their presence in the remote desert parts. Approach of Study A group of 2-3 individuals were observed in the Buffer zone of the study area has been reported as a habitat of Schedule I species commonly known as Chinkara, more effort was made to assess their status in term of movements and habitat use in and around the study area. At first, a detailed biological survey of the core zone and buffer zone (10 km radius from periphery of the proposed river bed sand mining project) was carried out to understand the status distribution of the species in the study area. Also, questionnaire survey was carried out to understand the recent status of Chinkara sightings and their movements. Overall, 10 people from five villages were interviewed randomly. The conclusion of the survey discussed the potential sightings & habitat use, and movement and food habits of Chinkara in the study area. Physical Traits Standing at a height of 65 cm, Indian gazelle comes across as smaller than many other species of deer. Its coat is covered with smooth and glossy fur, which is reddish-brown in color. The belly of the gazelles is white and they weigh around 23-25 kg. There are dark chestnut stripes on the sides of the face that stretch on from the corner of the eye to the muzzle. The muzzle is also bordered by white stripes. Chinkara also has horns, which have an average length of 30 cm Behavior Chinkara is a very shy animal and tries to stay as far from human settlement as possible. It is mainly seen roaming alone in the wild. However, at times, one can see Indian gazelles in small groups, comprising of upto 4 animals. One of the unique characteristics of the Indian gazelle is that it can survive without water for days at a stretch. The need for fluids is met through plants and dewdrops. Habitat Use All the direct sightings of the Chinkara were located near the Scrubland, Prosopis- Ziziphus - Caparis type habitat. This species is well adapted to natural village environment setting. According to the villagers, Chinkara is present in both, nearby village area and other scrubland areas. Mating Behavior There is no fixed breeding season for the gazelles of India. However, they usually mate somewhere around autumn and spring. The gestation period lasts for five and a half months. Reproduction: Sexual Maturity: At two years of age. Life span: Unknown. Gestation Period: About five to five and a half months. Young per Birth: Generally 1, but twins have been reported quite frequently.

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Food Habits It changes its food choice time to time and fed on variety of plants like, Calligonum polygonoides, Acacia senegal, Prosopis cineraria, Acacia jacquemontii, Tecomella undulata, Salvadora oleoides and Ziziphus nummularia. Conservation Status IUCN : Least Concern (IUCN ver. 3.1) IWPA : Schedule I CITES : Not listed Threats Threats to the Chinkara in the area are: 1. Habitat loss, specially the shortage of scrubland (Prosopis-Ziziphus type) in and around the villages for providing shade during hot summer months. 2. Shortage of drinking water for the animal during the hot summer days. 3. Casualties caused by eating chemically treated agricultural crop seeds. 4. Illegal hunting by some communities. In the study area, all the villages surveyed are against hunting or poaching of the people. Chinkara conservation plan has to address these threats. Conservation Measures Direct and indirect approach is required to provide effective conservation, which is recommended as under: 1. The awareness about the various laws and acts of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, in the local community is lacking. Proper sensitization regarding the pros and cons of such could divert them from poaching. 2. A proper rehabilitation strategy is a must for various tribal communities actively engaged in poaching, as these tribes do not change their profession even after repetitive confiscation also. 3. Increasing the tree cover in the buffer area for shelter and food for Chinkara. This will be achieved by planting of tree groves (a group of trees that grow close together, generally without many bushes or other plants) in buffer area. Some local species such as Dhak, Khejari, Jaal, Ber trees will be planted. Planting of tree groves in the villages of buffers area will be planted as per the plantation programme. 4. By conducting awareness programmes (community and school level) for conservation of Chinkara in the area and also through organizing competitions during “Wildlife Week” and “Van Mahotsave” celebrations. 5. Some provision of rewards to informers for the control of poaching and illegal trade in wildlife. 6. Carrying out census and research projects to know the potential threats and population status of the species. 7. Provision of veterinary care for injured or sick animal. 8. Suggest strategies to minimize negative impacts of changing environment in nearby area of Chinkara populations and to promote conservation of Chinkara habitats.

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9. Another way to help preserve the endangered species is to create society dedicated to ecological ethics. All the conservation measures will be implemented with the help of and in the consultation of the district forest department, Chittorgarh (Raj.). 10. Wildlife conservation and its importance is must to teach the school children. The awareness from such level could give better result. Curriculum of environment studies should include more chapters on the local wildlife, rather the national and international issues. All above activities will be carried out with the consultation of local forest department and Gram panchayat of respective villages. 1. Plantation- approximately 250 tree/year plants of local and native plant species for five years. Plants species / verities will be suggested by the local forest department and plant saplings will be distributed in project villages as per the above mentioned schedule (year wise). Awareness programme for “Chinkara” conservation will be scheduled in a year in five (nearest to project site) schools every year. During awareness programme following activities will be arranged at the various village level schools as mentioned above (year wise), · “Essay writing on Chinkara” · “Drawing competition (Chinkara picture) Further Suggestions/recommendations: ü To carry annual census research projects to ecology and habitat use by Chinkara. ü By making provision of veterinary care injured or sick deformed Chinkara. The proponent has proposed a sum of Rs. 7,50,000/- for the “Chinkara” conservation plan under the following heads: S. Work or Activity Year wise expenditure in Rs. No I year II year III year IV year V year 1 Plantation- 250 trees (Cost 25,000 20,000 20,000 15,000 20,000 of sapling will be changed per year) 2 Fencing in surrounding 50,000 40,000 40,000 35,000 40,000 area with the help of District Forest department. 3 Small water tank or tanka 80,000 60,000 60,000 55,000 60,000 – 50 in number @ 1000/- (Repair & (Repair & ( Repair & (Repair & per tank maintenance maintenance maintenance maintenance cost) cost) cost ) cost) 4 One awareness programme 20,000 15000 15000 15000 15000 for “Chinkara” conservation will be scheduled in 3 months.

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5 2 cash prizes @ 1000 in a 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 year will be awarded to the informer of poachers. Total 1,85,000 1,45,000 1,45,000 1,30,000 1,45,000

Under the Conservation plan for Schedule I Species Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatsus) is Rs. 12,50,000 for Panther (Panthera pardus) is Rs.15,00,000 for Rock Python (Python molurus molurus) is Rs. 20,00,000 and Chinara (Gzella bennetti) is Rs. 7,50,000 for five years are earmarked and totally Rs 55,00,000 is kept their conservation and protection. 9.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT This project operation will provide livelihood to the poorest section of the society. The overall impact of riverbed mining of sand on the social economics of the area will be a very positive one, as not only it will generate employment opportunities for local population at mine site but also in associated activity i.e. for transportation of mined material, etc . It will also give a good boost to the general economy of the area. The mining activity in the lease area will thus give direct employment to about 23 persons engaged in extraction of sand, loading of material into tractor trolleys and tipper trucks. 9.7.1 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND EVALUATION The results of the field survey conducted based on a questionnaire prepared to understand the knowledge and perception of the people living around the project area, gives a clear idea about the need for the project. The awareness level regarding the proposed mining activity is very high. The proposed mining activity is expected to provide stimulus to socio-economic activities in the region and thereby accelerate further development processes. 9.8 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY Healthy and safe working conditions are among the first expectations for sustainability, i.e. the expectation that risks in mining will not deprive workers of their livelihoods or of their quality of life. Occupational injuries and ill-health have huge social and economic implications for individuals, their families and their communities. They also have an adverse impact on the economy of the society as a whole. Occupational accidents and health hazards can also affect public health and safety, and the environment. The effect on the health and safety of people, costs to the economy and impacts the environment. Efforts will be made to address occupational health and safety with broader social agenda for sustainable development. Hazards, which are associated with poor engineering design, contribute to increased safety risks. Although health risks can be avoided by implementing controls at source in the work environment, designing such controls for mining environment presents considerable challenges because dust and noise are generated by mining itself. A range of control measures that act together to reduce exposure to such risks is therefore necessary. These could include methods for minimizing dust levels by reducing dust generation and methods for dilution, suppression, capture, and containment. While significant uncertainties remain in controlling dust exposures and maintaining the effectiveness of control the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) is important. Sand/Bajri mining does not contain any toxic element. Therefore, the likelihood of any health hazard does not arise due to the mined product per se. However, the process of excavation / quarrying leads to some health

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hazards. The dust generated due to excavation loading and movement on Kaccha/riverbed haul road creates air borne dust which has silica contents. The dust is the main pollutant of concern for the workers engaged in the mining activities. The most significant occupational health impacts are Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) and Occupational Lung Disease (OLD) like allergic rhinitis and asthma due to inhalation of dust. As per Mines Rules, 1955, Chapter – IV-A, Section 29B, medical examination of employees at the initial stage and periodically, shall be done by a team of qualified medical officers provided by the project proponent. The initial medical examination of every person employed in the mine within a period of five years of the date so notified and the said examination shall be so arranged over a period of five years that one fifth of the persons employed at the mine undergo the examination every year. In the present mining project since the lease is only for five year. It is suggested that the initial medical examination for all workers must be arranged during the first year of appointment and the periodical check-up every year. S.No Age Frequency 1 For employees - <30 years once in a year 2 Between 31-40 years once in a year 3 Between 41-50 years twice in a year 4 Above >50 years twice in a year Regular medical check-up camps shall also be arranged for detection of occupational diseases and minor disease in the nearby core area villages. Awareness program will be organized for workers.The medical examination schedule & cost is provided in Table No. 9.4 & 9.5. Table 9.4: Medical Examination Schedule S.No Activities 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 1 Initial Medical Examination (Mine Workers) a Physical Check - up - - - - b Psychological Test - - - - c Audiometric Test - - - - d Respiratory Test 2 Periodical Medical Examination (Mine Workers) a Physical Check - up - b Audiometric Test - c Eye Check - up - d Respiratory Test - 3 Medical Camp (Mine - Workers & Nearby Villagers 4 Training (Mine Workers)

Table No.: 9.5 budgetary provisions for Medical Checkup

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S.No Particulars Cost in Rs.per year 1 Initial medical check-up for all workers (23 @ 500 Rs Per 11,500 Person) for lung function, audiometric test, tuberculosis and pulmonary disease at the time of appointment 2 Periodical check-up for all workers (23 @ 500 Rs Per 11,500 Person) (Audiometic Test, Eye – Check-up, Lung function and respiratory test, ECG etc) 3 Provision for personal protection equipment like ear plug, 21,500 dust mask, Helmet shoes etc., for 23 workers 4 First Aid facilities, rest shelter etc 15,500 Total 60,000

Exposure to Dust § Exposure to fine particulates is associated with work in most of the dust-generating stages notably from sand handling, and transportation. § Workers with long term exposure to fine particulate dust are at risk of pneumoconiosis, emphysema, bronchitis, and fibrosis. Methods to prevent and control exposure to dust include the following: To minimize the health impacts PPE like dust masks, ear plugs/ muffs and other equipments will be provided for use by the work personnel. All workers will be subjected to Initial Medical Examination as per Mines Rule 1955 at the time of appointment. NOISE:- 1. Since mining operations do not include any major source of generation of noise in the working area thus, noise levels are not of significant levels.However, ear plugs will be provided to all workers in the area. 2. Audiometery test of the workers shall be done regularly & medical health provided wherever required. 9.9 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN It is necessary to include the environmental cost as a part of the budgetary cost component. As per the Rajasthan Minor Mineral Concession (Forth Amendment) Rules, 2012 dated 01-11-2012, lessee will deposit contribution in environment management fund to meet out the financial requirement of association/agency for carrying out environmental protection work as per the environment management plan @Rs. 5/- per ton of mineral dispatch. Presently lease holder already deposited E.M.F @Rs. 5/- per ton of mineral dispatch to State Mining Department. In order to implement the environmental protection measures, timely funds will be released as per requirement. In addition to above, it is proposed to invest a capital cost of Rs. 30.0 lac on pollution control, green belt and environmental monitoring systems. The break-up of the investment is given in the following Table-9.6.

Table -9.6 Annual capital cost for environmental protection measures

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S. No. Particulars Frequency Budgetary Provision in Rs. Lac per Annum 1 Water Sprinkling for dust suppression Regular 4.0

2 Environment Monitoring at mine site Half Yearly 3.5 and nearby areas i.e Water, Air, Soil & Noise etc. 3 Green Belt Development & Wire Per Year 1.0 fencing at plantation site 4 Budget for Conservation of Schedule-I Per Year 11.0 Fauna 5 Others (specify)- 8.5 1 Haul road and village roads and metal road construction, repair and Regular maintenance II. Rainwater Harvesting structure and 2.0 maintenance in villages of neaby lease area. Total 30.00 *****

CHAPTER: 10

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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

10.1 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT PROPONENT M/s Rajasthan Fort and Palace Pvt. Ltd. is proposing to develop a River sand mine in Revenue villages of Tehsil: Begun, District: Chittorgarh, State: Rajasthan having lease area is 286.43 Ha., does not fall in forest land. It has been proposed to collect sand from the river bed (nadi & nallas). River beds areas are owned by Govt. of Rajasthan. Mining lease is awarded for fresh grant to state Mining Department for a period of 5 years with effect from the date of registration. Mining will be confined to the allotted lease area which lies on the river bed from which approximately 1.68 lac Tons per year of sand will be excavated and the cost of the project is Rs. 60 lac only. LOCATION The mining area is located in 17 Revenue villages of Tehsil: Begun, District: Chittorgarh. The mining lease/proposed project area falls in Survey of India Toposheet No. 45K/12, 45K/16. Table No 10.1 Details of Environmental Setting S. No. Particulars Details 1 Location a Village 17 Revenue villages of Tehsil: Begun, District Chittorgargh, Raj. 2 Land use at the lease area River bed 4 Nearest Major Town Begun 5 Nearest Highway NH- 76 6 Nearest Railway Station Chittorgarh (Aerial distance 33 Km) 7 Nearest Airport Dabok, Udaipur (Aerial distance 106 Km ) 8 Nearest Tourist Places Chittorgarh 9 Defence Installations No, within in 10 km radius 10 Archaeological Important No, within in 10 km radius 11 Ecological Sensitive Zones Yes, Notified Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary (1.08 Km) 12 Nearest streams/Rivers/ Project area itself a river area. water bodies. 13 Seismic zone Zone-II. No major event were reported in past.

The salient features of the project are given below: Table 10.2 Salient features of the projects S. No. Particulars Details 1. Project Name River Sand Mining at villages of Tehsil: Begun, District: Chittorgarh (Raj.) 2. Proposed Capacity 1.68 LTPA 3 Method of mining Open Cast Semi-mechanized 4 Mineable reserves 77.98 Lac Tones 5 Lease Area 286.43 Ha. 6 Water Requirement Total Water requirement: 4.0 KLD

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Domestic water demand: 2.0 KLD Dust Suppression & Plantation: 2.0 KLD 7 Source of Water Tanker water supply 8. Manpower 23 persons 9 Wastewater generation Nil 10 Solid waste/OB generation Nil 11 Project Cost Rs. 60 Lac 12 EMP Budget Rs. 30.0 Lac per year 13 Budget towards CSR Rs. 30.0 Lac per year activities

10.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 10.2.1 DESCRIPTION OF SAND MINING OPERATIONS The mining process is opencast semi-mechanized river bed mining of minor minerals. Drilling and blasting is not required as the material is soft in nature. As per MMCR rules 1986 extraction is limited to 3.0 m depth only from the surface area when River bed is dry. Entire stretch of the lease area is around 16 km (Berach River) & 14 km (Ruparel River) long and has been divided in to five blocks only for mining operation supervision management and safety. Mineral will be removed in 3.0 m layer only forming one bench. Bench will advance from South-West to North-East direction in the river. Height of bench will be 3.0 m Light weight excavators will be deployed for extraction. Mineral will be loaded in trucks of 20 tones capacity and equipment and earth movers will be on hire basis. There will be no overburden or waste generation because the bajri is exposed in the river bed. WORKING DEPTH (below ground level) The ultimate depth of the open cast mine will be 3.0 m below river bed or above the ground water table whichever is less. Under no circumstances it will intersect with ground water table. LAND The proposed river sand mining spreads in an area of 286.43 Ha, which is government land. WATER The water requirement in the mine is 4.0 KLD for mining activities, dust suppression, drinking purpose and greenbelt development. POWER All the activities will be carried out only during day time. Hence, no power is required. 10.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Baseline environmental studies were conducted to monitor micro-meteorology, ambient air quality, ground and surface water quality, noise levels, present land use pattern, soil quality, biological environment and socio-economic status within a study area of 10 Km. radius around the mining lease area. Baseline environmental data was monitored by M/s Noida Testing Laboratories, Noida for one full season i.e. Post-Monsoon season, 2013 (October-November-December). The baseline data conforms to the requirement of EIA Notification, 2006 (as amended on 14.09.2006). (i) METEOROLOGY

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Micro-meteorological data of Udaipur (Dabok) has been obtained from Meteorological Centre, Sanganer for the Post-monsoon season–2013. The micro-meteorological status contains wind speed, wind direction, Dry bulb temperature, (max & min) relative humidity, rainfall, cloud cover etc. The met data collected were used to determine predominant meteorological conditions, which are useful in characterizing the baseline air quality status and in prediction of impacts on air environment. (ii) AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring reveals that the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 & CO for all the 9 AAQM stations were within prescribed Limit. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

reveals that the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 for all the 9 AAQM stations were found between Ambient Air Quality Monitoring reveals that the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 for all the 9 AAQM stations were between 48.57 to 77.74 µg/m3 and 20.01 to 44.21 µg/m3 respectively.

As far as the gaseous pollutants SO2 and NO2 are concerned, the prescribed CPCB limit of 3 80µg/m has never surpassed at any station. The concentrations of SO2 were in range of 8.02 to 3 3 16.59 µg/m . The concentrations of NO2 were in range of 18.01 to 25.66 µg/m . The Concentration of CO was in range of 0.38 to 0.52 mg/m3. (iii) GROUND WATER QUALITY Total 5 samples, of ground water, samples were collected for water quality monitoring. All the samples were analyzed for water quality parameters as per IS: 10500:2012 and as per surface water standards respectively. The analysis results indicate that the pH ranges from 7.55 to 8.13 of study area. TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) was found in the range 859.12 mg/L to 867.12 mg/L. It is seen that the physico-chemical analysis of other parameters like Chloride, Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrate and Fluoride were within desirable limit of IS (10500:2012). (iv) NOISE QUALITY The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of noise levels at 9 locations covering 10 km study area. Noise monitoring results found within the permissible limit at all locations. In the study area area higher Noise value of 62.1 dB (A) was recorded during day time in Siyahaya

(Near Bus stand) & lower Noise value of 31.5 dB (A) was recorded during night time in Rupapura (Near Govt. Sec. School). (v) ECOLOGY Pavocristatus (Peacock), Chinkara, Rock Phython, Panther & Common languor are the schedule-I & II Fauna found in the Buffer area. Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary located in the study area. (vi) SOIL ENVIRONMENT Five numbers of soil samples have been collected within study area and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. The result obtained is compared with the standard soil classification as given in Agriculture soil limits. Samples collected from identified locations indicate pH value ranging from 7.99 to 8.41, which shows that the soil is alkaline in nature. Organic Matter ranges from 0.44% to 0.48% in the soil samples. (vii) SOCIO-ECONOMIC The project activities will not have any adverse impacts on any of the common property resources of the village communities, as the sand mine lease area is not being used for any purpose by any section of the society in this region. There is no R & R involvement in this project. There is no land acquisition in this project. The Project is expected to yield a positive impact on the socio-economic

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environment. It helps sustain the development of this area including further development of infrastructure facilities. 10.4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES The summary of anticipated adverse environmental impacts due to the proposed project and mitigation measures are given below:- 10.4.1 IMPACT DUE TO AIR POLLUTION AND ITS MANAGEMENT Air pollution is likely to be caused at various stages of sand mining operations such as excavation,

loading, transportation and screening of material. Particulate Matter (PM10) is the main pollutant during sand mining operations. Most of the dust will be generated from loading, screening and transportation operations. This dust becomes air borne and gets carried away to surrounding areas. The impact on air is mainly localized in nature as the dust particles being heavier are not carried to longer distances and the effect is felt within the core zone of the project involving active sand mining operations. In order to mitigate fugitive dust emissions and other air emissions from the project activities, the following measures are proposed to be adopted. 1. To avoid fugitive dust emissions at the time of excavation, the mining area will be wetted by water spraying. 2. To avoid fugitive dust emissions sand screening activity will be carried out at mines so as to prevent spreading of dust. 3. Effective dust suppression arrangements will be made at the ground level sand bunkers at the mines. 4. Sand will be transported to the nearest market by road through trucks. The sand will be wetted after loading in to the truck and will be covered by tarpaulin sheets. 5. To minimize the vehicular pollution from the sand transporting vehicles, the following conditions will be insisted to permit the vehicles of the transporters: a. The vehicles will be with good engine condition and will be maintained and with pollution control certificate issued by appropriate authorities. b. Regular maintenance of transport vehicles and monitoring of vehicular emission levels at periodical intervals. 6. Ambient Air quality Monitoring will be carried out at four stations basis to assess the air quality in and around the project for taking necessary control measures. 7. Green belt development along the access roads at mine premises and near the villages. 10.4.2 IMPACT DUE TO NOISE POLLUTION AND ITS MANAGEMENT Noise environment in this project will be affected only by the machineries at the site and vehicular transportation. Since mining will be done semi-mechanically, slight increase in noise levels can be expected. Baseline Noise levels will be observed to be well within the limits in the monitored villages. However, after applying the mitigation measures noise pollution will be reduced further. In order to mitigate noise generation from the mining activities, the following mitigation measures are proposed: a. Since the noise generating is only through mechanical equipment and movement of vehicles, strict compliance to periodical maintenance of the vehicle conditions will be insisted. b. Further, to protect the employees and workmen at the sites of loading and use of Backhoe, necessary safety wear like ear plugs will be provided.

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c. Noise monitoring at the work places will be carried out to ensure the compliance. 10.5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES Proposed River sand mining is a site specific project. Mining activities shall be carried out based on local geology and availability of the mineral. ML area is owned by the proposed proponent, which is a government traverse land devoid of any settlements. Hence no alternative sites are envisaged. 10.6 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAMME An Environmental monitoring programme has been prepared for the proposed project for periodical assessment of effectiveness of implementation of Environment Management Plan and to take corrective measures in case of any degradation in the surrounding environment. 10.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN Environmental management plan will be proposed for mining project to mitigate the anticipate impact during the mining operation. M/s Rajasthan Fort and Palace Pvt. Ltd. have prepared an Environmental Management Plan for the proposed sand mining project. The Revised REIA/EMP of the proposed project will be submitted to Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi, for obtaining environmental clearance for the project, in accordance with Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification No. 1533 dated 14.09.2006. The approved Environment Management Plan will be implemented throughout the life of the project and half-yearly monitoring report showing the compliance status of conditions stipulated in Environmental Clearance letter will be submitted to MoEF in every six months. 10.8 PROJECT BENEFIT The project activity will help in combating the growing demand of sand in the market & hence will help in the economic growth of the country. This project will lead to direct & indirect employment opportunity. Employment is expected during sand excavation, sand transportation, in trade and other ancillary services. Employment in these sectors will be primarily temporary or contractual and involvement of unskilled labor will be more. A major part of this labor force will be mainly from local villagers who are expected to engage themselves both in agriculture and project activities. This will enhance their income and lead to overall economic growth of the area. 10.9 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 10.9.1 AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT § Vehicles will be covered by tarpaulin to reduce spillage on roads. § Regular checking & Maintenance of vehicles, trucks, dumpers etc, will be conducted and pollution under control (PUC) vehicle will be used during transportation. § Periodically, water will be sprinkled on haul roads to wet the surface. § Overloading of transport vehicles will be avoided to prevent spillage. § Green belt of trees with good foolage on both side of haul road. § Dust mask provided to the workers engaged at dust generation points like excavations, loading and unloading points. § Road will be properly maintained. 10.9.2 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT § Mining will be carried out above the water table. § Mining will not intersect the river bed water level or ground water table of the area.

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§ Mining schedule will be synchronized with the river flow direction and the gradient of the land. 10.9.3 NOISE MANAGEMENT § Minimum use of horns and speed limit of 20 km in the village area. § Timely maintenance of vehicles and their silencers to minimize sound. § Provision of green belts in consultation with forest officer along the road networks. 10.9.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT There will be no generation of overburden/waste material. No backfilling has been proposed in the excavated zone of river since to some extent sand will be replenished by sediment during rainy season. 10.9.5 MANAGEMENT OF LAND USE PATTERN The total lease area is 286.43 Ha. At the end of mining plan period about 95.0 Ha area will be mined out. 10.9.6 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT & PLANTATION PROGRAMME It is proposed to plant 4000 no’s of native species per year along with some fruits bearing and medicinal trees during the five year plan period. The following plant species will be planted according to CPCB guidelines: Cassia fistula(Amaltas), Delbergia sisso(Sisam), Mangifera indica (Mango), Acacia nilotica (Babul), Albizza lebbek (Siris), Prosopis cineraria (Khejri), Delonix regia (Gulmohar), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Butea monosperm (Palash), Phoenix sylvestris (Khajur), Peepal (Ficus religiosa) , Calotropis procera (Akada), etc. 10.9.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT The implementation of the sand mining project will generate both direct and indirect employment. Besides, it will provide a check on existing system of mining operation. Since the quarries will be allotted on lease basis, mining operation will be legally valid and it will bring income to the state exchequer. It will also reduce flooding of river banks, destruction of standing crops, land and property to a great extent. With the implementation of the proposed mining project the occupational pattern of the people in the area will change making more people engaged in industrial and business activities. Further, the mining and industrial activities in the area may lead to rapid increase in population and thereby urbanization. Due to urbanization of the area, employment opportunities will further increase. 10.10 CONCLUSION As discussed, it is safe to say that the proposed facilities are not likely to cause any significant major impact on the environment of the area, as adequate preventive measures will be adopted to keep the various pollutants within the permissible limits. Green belt development around the area will also be taken up as an effective pollution mitigative technique, as well as to serve as biological indicators for the pollutants released from the premises of “proposed river sand mine”. *****

CHAPTER - 11: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

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REVISED REIA/EMP REPORT FOR RIVER SAND MINING PROJECT AT TEHSIL: BEGUN, CHITTORGARH 2015

Name of the Project: River Sand Mining at Revenue village of Tehsil: Begun, District: Chittorgarh (Raj) Project Proponent: M/s. Rajasthan Fort and Palace Pvt. Ltd. Approvals, if any from (NABL/ Name and address of the Nature of Consultancy DGMS/ IBM/ NRBPT/ MOEF/ Consultant/expert CPCB/others etc)*, give reference Enviro Concept (I) Pvt. Ltd. REIA/ EMP Report 1/3 A, Yudhister Marg,C-Scheme, As per QCI NABET ‘List of Jaipur Accredited Consultant Env. Coordinator Mr. Devendra Goyal Organizations/Rev. 33 (August 05, FAE-LU Dr. K.N.Joshi 2015)’, listed in as Accredited Mr. Devendra Goyal consultant, Category ‘A’ Sl. No. 46. FAE-AP Mr. Ghanshyam Das

Mr. Devendra Goyal FAE-AQ Mr. Ghanshyam Das

Mr. A.K.Seth FAE-WP Associate FAE: R.K.Kumawat

Dr. P.L.Sharma FAE-EB Mr. Pramod K. Dagla

Sanjiv Kumar Sharma FAE-NV Associate FAE: R.K. Kumawat

FAE-SE Dr.K.N.Joshi

FAE-HG Dr. M.L.Jhanwar

FAE-Geology Jitendra Kumar Dixit

FAE-RH --

Soil Conservation Mr. O.P.Mathur FAE-SHW Mr. Devendra Goyal Environmental M/s. Noida Testing Lab,Greater Monitoring & analysis Noida (U.P) I hereby undertake that all the points raised in the TOR issued by MOEF&CC are complied with I also undertake that the facts given in the Revised REIA/EMP report are factually correct to the best of our knowledge.

ENV. COORDINATOR

I hereby accept all the liabilities and obligations associated with the working and results of the above organization herein with the report.

(Signature & Name of Project Proponent) M/s. Rajasthan Fort Palace Pvt. Ltd.

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