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THE LEGAL CLINIC the Idea, Organization, Methodology THE LEGAL CLINIC The Idea, Organization, Methodology Warsaw 2005 1 2 The Legal Clinic. The Idea, Organization, Methodology 3 4 The Legal Clinics The Idea, Organization, Methodology The Legal Clinics Foundation Warsaw 2005 5 THE OPEN SOCIETY JUSTICE INITIATIVE is the contributing partner to the publication and its English translation (www.justiceinitiative.org) The publication and its English version was conducted with the financial support of THE OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE (wwww.soros.org) The Institutional Sponsor of the Legal Clinics Foundation: THE STEFAN BATORY FOUNDATION (www.batory.org.pl) © THE LEGAL CLINICS FOUNDATION (www.fupp.org.pl) Meritirical edition: The Legal Clinics Foundation Editor: Dariusz Łomowski Cover design: Robert Rogiński Copyright by Fundacja Uniwersyteckich Poradni Prawnych 2005 Polish edition: ISBN 83-7387-685-5 Publisher: Wydawnictwo C.H. Beck, ul. Gen. Zajączka 9, 01-518 Warsaw, Poland Layout: TiM-Print, Warsaw Print and binding: WDG Drukarnia, Gdynia 6 Tabel of Contents: FOREWORD....................................................................................................................................................... 11 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................... 13 CLINICAL EDUCATION AS A NUCLEUS FOR THE REFORM OF LEGAL EDUCATION IN POLAND.............................................................................................................................................................. 14 THOUGHTS ON THE REFORM OF THE TEACHING OF LAW ............................................................. 16 CHAPTER ONE – THE AIM OF LEGAL CLINICS..................................................................................... 19 1.1. THE SOCIAL ASPECT OF LEGAL CLINICS ...................................................................................................... 19 1.1.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 19 1.1.2. The right to legal assistance – the international standards............................................................... 21 1.1.3. Legal assistance in Poland – the law and the practice...................................................................... 24 1.1.4. Legal clinics on the map of legal assistance in Poland ..................................................................... 26 1.2. CLINICAL EDUCATION AND THE UNIVERSITY MISSION ................................................................................ 33 1.2.1. Enhanced motivation and ability for students to learn from the law school’s curriculum ................ 33 1.2.2. Subject matter complementary to the classroom curriculum............................................................. 34 1.2.3. Cooperative Learning Model............................................................................................................. 35 1.2.4. A Window to the Operation of Law and the Legal System for Students and Faculty ........................ 36 1.2.5. The University’s Special Capacity to Provide a Critical Perspective on Lawyering and Augment Preparation for Legal Professions for Changing Societies......................................................................... 37 1.2.6. An Opportunity to Contemplate Values and Jurisprudence .............................................................. 38 Further reading ........................................................................................................................................... 39 CHAPTER TWO – THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL LEGAL EDUCATION: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE – INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE, THE HISTORY OF LEGAL CLINICS ............. 43 2.1. THE BEGINNINGS OF CLINICAL LEGAL EDUCATION IN CENTRAL EUROPE ................................................. 43 2.2. THE ORIGINS OF THE CLINICAL MOVEMENT IN HIGHER LEGAL EDUCATION ............................................. 45 2.3. CURRENT CHALLENGES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE .................................................................... 48 2.4. KEEPING WHAT WE’VE ACHIEVED: SUSTAINING CLINICAL LEGAL EDUCATION FOR THE LONG RUN ....... 50 CHAPTER THREE – THE ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT OF LEGAL CLINICS ........... 52 3.1. THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FORM OF LEGAL CLINICS ..................................................................... 52 3.1.1. Student research groups .................................................................................................................... 52 3.1.2. A faculty organizational unit ............................................................................................................. 54 3.1.3. Association, foundation ..................................................................................................................... 54 3.1.4. Mixed form......................................................................................................................................... 56 3.2. THE ORGANIZATION OF A LEGAL CLINIC..................................................................................................... 57 3.2.1. The head of the clinic (the caretaker, the patron) ............................................................................. 58 3.2.2. The sections ....................................................................................................................................... 59 3.2.3. The legal clinic board........................................................................................................................ 60 3.3. RECRUITMENT OF NEW CLINIC MEMBERS ................................................................................................... 61 3.4. THE LEGAL CLINIC SECRETARY OFFICE....................................................................................................... 64 3.4.1. The secretary office in general .......................................................................................................... 64 3.4.2. The secretary office – the place and the people................................................................................. 65 3.4.3. The secretary office to the advice ...................................................................................................... 68 3.4.4. The clinic secretary office.................................................................................................................. 73 3.5. UNIVERSITY LEGAL CLINIC’S FINANCING AND FUND-RAISING .................................................................... 83 3.5.1. Let us start with the costs................................................................................................................... 84 3.5.2. Sources of financing for legal clinics ................................................................................................ 85 3.5.3. How to solicit support........................................................................................................................ 87 3.5.4. Relationships with benefactors.......................................................................................................... 90 3.6. INSURING THE CLINIC ................................................................................................................................. 91 3.6.1. Why take out insurance?.................................................................................................................... 92 3.6.2. Coverage and insurance agreement .................................................................................................. 92 3.7. EXTERNAL CONTACTS AND PUBLIC RELATIONS .......................................................................................... 94 7 3.7.1. Basic concepts ................................................................................................................................... 94 3.7.2. PR in a legal clinic .......................................................................................................................... 100 3.7.3. Summary.......................................................................................................................................... 107 3.8. THE AIMS AND PRINCIPLES OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE OMBUDSMAN AND THE LEGAL CLINICS ....... 108 CHAPTER FOUR – DELIVERY OF LEGAL ASSISTANCE BY THE CLINIC ..................................... 111 4.1. WHO MAY BE A CLINIC CLIENT? ............................................................................................................... 111 4.1.1. The applicant for legal advice will state in writing to be indigent .................................................. 111 4.1.2. The applicant for legal advice will state in writing not to have representation of a legal adviser or an attorney................................................................................................................................................. 112 4.1.3. The client agrees in writing to the rules of delivery of legal assistance by the clinic...................... 113 4.2. RULES OF DELIVERY OF LEGAL ADVICE .................................................................................................... 113 4.2.1. Client reception ............................................................................................................................... 113 4.2.2. Preliminary verification of application before a case is
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