REINWARDTIA Vol 13, Part 1, pp: 75 − 78

NOTES ON THE NAMES OF THE TETRASTIGMA () HOSTS OF ()

Received July 13, 2009; accepted December 8, 2009

J.F. VELDKAMP Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden, PO Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. E–mail: veld- [email protected]

ABSTRACT VELDKAMP, J.F. 2009. Notes on the names of the Tetrastigma (Vitaceae) hosts of Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae). Rein- wardtia 13(1): 75–78. — Older epithets for Tetrastigma rafflesiae Miq. (1863; Vitaceae), also known as T. lanceo- larium auct. non Planch. and T. leucostaphylum auct. non Alston ex Mabb. (Vitaceae), are provided by Cissus coriacea DC. (1824) and Cissus verrucosa Steud. (1840), whereby the for this host of Rafflesia spp. must be Tet- rastigma coriaceum (DC.) Gagnep. The name Tetrastigma pisicarpum (Miq., 1863) Planch., host of at least Rafflesia patma, likewise must be replaced by Tetrastigma scariosum (Blume, 1825) Planch.

Key words: Malesia, Rafflesia, Rafflesiaceae, Tetrastigma, Vitaceae.

ABSTRAK VELDKAMP, J.F. 2009. Catatan pada nama Tetrastigma (Vitaceae) tumbuhan inang Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae). Rein- wardtia 13(1): 75–78. — Nama lama Tetrastigma rafflesiae Miq (1863; Vitaceae), yang juga diketahui sebagai T. lanceolarium auct. non Planch. dan T. leucostaphyllum auct. non Alston ex Mabb. (Vitaceae), digantikan oleh Cissus coriacea DC (1824) dan Cissus verrucosa Steud. (1840), sedangkan nama yang benar untuk tumbuhan inang Rafflesia spp. ini seharusnya Tetrastigma coriaceum (DC) Gagnep. Nama Tetrastigma pisicarpum (Miq. 1863) Planch., tumbuhan inang terakhir dari Rafflesia patma, sebaliknya seharusnya diganti oleh Tetrastigma scariosum (Blume, 1825) Planch.

Kata kunci: Malesia, Rafflesia, Rafflesiaceae, Tetrastigma, Vitaceae.

INTRODUCTION TETRASTIGMA CORIACEUM (DC.) Gagnep

Veldkamp (2008) has argued that the correct Not. Syst. (Paris) 1 (1910) 320. ––– Cissus coriacea name for the host of Rafflesia spp. (Rafflesiaceae) DC., Prodr. 1 (mid Jan 1824) 632; Decne, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris III, 3 (1834) 445. ≡ Herb. Timor. would be Tetrastigma rafflesiae Miq. (1863; Vita- (1835) 117. (reprint); Planch. in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. ceae) as all previous ones were either illegitimate, 5 (1887) 424, in syn. (“Bl. Bijdr. I”, error for DC.). ––– unidentifiable, or inapplicable. Vitis coriacea (DC.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Lugd.–Bat. 1 Now it turns out that there are older, valid, and (1863) 78. ––– Type: Timor, ? Leschenault vel Riedlé legitimate names available. The earliest one is Cis- s.n. (P, holo; G, IDC microfiche, no collector). sus coriacea DC. (1824: 632) collected probably by Cissus tuberculata Blume, Bijdr. 4 (1825–a) 189, non either Riedlé (fide Planchon, 1877:425) or Lesche- Jacq. (1797). ––– Cissus verrucosa Steud., Nomencl. nault (fide Gagnepain, 1910 :320) in Timor and Bot. ed. 2, 1 (1840) 373. ––– Lectotype: Blume s.n. [“G. more fully described by Decaisne (1834). As far as Parang”, which is in the Province “Tjanjor” (Cianjur) known there is only a single species of Tetrastigma that Blume mentioned] (L, holo, sh. 897,348––8), desig- nated by Veldkamp (2008). present in Timor which in the herbaria has been identified as T. lanceolarium auct. non Planch. (e.g. by Backer & Bakhuizen f., 1965) or T. leucostaphy- VITIS VERRUCOSA [Zoll.] Backer lum auct. non (Dennst.) Alston ex Mabb., and there- fore the correct name must be T. coriaceum (DC.) In the course of this study we became aware of Gagnep. an apparently related species that also bears the epi- Another earlier name is Cissus verrucosa thet “verrucosa”, but then in Cayratia Juss. and Vi- Steud. (1840), a new name based exclusively on tis L. Cissus tuberculata Blume (1825a), because of the Backer (1911, exact date unknown) differenti- earlier combination by Jacquin (1797). ated between two species, Vitis lanceolaria [(Roxb.)

75 76 REINWARDTIA [VOL.13

Roxb. ex] Wall. and V. verrucosa [Zoll.] Backer. published under Art. 30.5. It may be noted that IPNI Under the first he cited Cissus tuberculata Blume, at the day of writing (July 2009) accepted 9 combi- and for the second he said that it was “possibly a nations made by him. If valid, this one is a later form of V. lanceolaria”. He had found the combina- isonym which has no nomenclatural status (Art. 6, tion Cissus verrucosa on the label of Zollinger 2868 Note 2). in BO. No author of the combination is given on it Probably slightly earlier than Backer (and Koor- (see also the transcript by Gagnepain, 1911, of the ders) Gagnepain (2 Mar 1911: 377) used the dupli- text on the duplicate in P, mentioned below), but it cate of Zollinger 2868 in P and described Tetras- is not unlikely that Moritzi or Zollinger had identi- tigma micranthum. He published a full citation of fied the material with C. tuberculata sensu Blume the original text on the label in which the name Cis- and had applied Steudel’s correction of 1840. None sus verrucosa is mentioned with a question mark of these names were later mentioned by Moritzi and without authorship. (1846) or Zollinger (1854–1855). Because the combinations are homotypic [Art. Backer thus inadvertently described a new spe- 9.2, Note 2 (c)] “zollingeri” is the epithet to be cies but his combination is a later homonym of V. used, thus making Cayratia verrucosa Koorders, verrucosa Raf. (1830). New combinations based on Tetrastigma micranthum Gagnep., and Vitis verru- illegitimate names have no author in parentheses cosa Backer superfluous. (Art. 49.1). In former times such a reference was These names apparently have dropped from lit- placed between square brackets, but this useful indi- erature. They are not accounted for in Heyne (1917, cation for some reason was deleted after 1972 (Rec. and later editions of 1927, 1950, 1987) nor in 46.3 of that Code). Backer & Bakhuizen f. (1968: 679, 759). Koorders (1912) also had seen the Zollinger Turczaninow’s publication bears the censor’s specimen in Bogor and made the combination Cay- date of 11 September 1863. The next issue is dated ratia verrucosa [Zoll.] Koord. He also noted “Vitis 12 December. It may be assumed that the actual verrucosa (Zoll.) Backer msc. in Herb. Bogor.” and publication was soon after the 11th, and therefore is apparently did not know that Backer had already slightly earlier than a publication by Miquel on 24 published this less than a year before. September 1863. Here Miquel described Vitis pisi- This is a nomenclatural oddity: two combina- carpa, now know as Tetrastigma pisicarpum tions with the same epithet in two different genera, (Miq.) Planch. Zollinger 2868 in BO has been iden- independently published within a year by two dif- tified as this by Latiff. Jackes (1989) cited material ferent authors, based on the same specimen in one from “” (Zollinger s.n., in K, most likely herbarium. According to Art. 33.3 Koorders’s com- from Java ––– Planchon cited Zollinger 495 ––– bination is not for a new species, but a new combi- De Vogel 5039 (not 5059) in K, from Halmahera) nation without Backer as the author in parentheses and Australia (Cape York). In L Latiff has identi- as the name was illegitimate (Art. 49.1). fied material as such from the Malay Peninsula Apparently Backer and Koorders thought that (Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Langkawi, Selangor), E. Zollinger might have published the combination Java and Nusa Kambangan, the Philippines (Luzon, somewhere. Buitenzorg / Bogor then and now has a Mindoro, Palawan, Poillillo), the Lesser Sunda magnificent library and collection, but it lacks many Isles (Flores, Lombok), Moluccas (Ceram, Tanim- old publications and journals. Backer somewhere bar), and New Guinea (Aru Isl., Central Prov.), said that he couldn’t do the nomenclature of the and, in correspondence, added T. godefroyanum species accepted by him and therefore used the Planch. from Thailand and Indochina, and T. mi- names most generally in use. See Van Steenis cranthum Gagnep. from Java. From this rather dis- (1968). junct distribution it would seem that the species has What they did not know, was that Turczaninow some preference for a distinct dry season. (1863) had described a Cissus zollingeri based on a Surprisingly, among the Java material in L there duplicate of Zollinger 2868 (cited as “2686”) now is also a sheet from Nusa Kambangan, Java, la- probably in KW. A request for confirmation to that belled Cissus scariosa Blume and Vitis coriacea institute remained unanswered. Miq. var. β: Blume 1644, annotated “in cujus It would seem that Koorders soon became aware radicibus Rafflesia invenit”, that is echoed in Blume of this, because he corrected his combination to (1825a) “In radicibus hujus plantae supra terram Cayratia zollingeri (Turcz.) Koord. ex Koord.– expansis mirabilis Rafflesia patma crescit”, and by Schum. (1912), a combination also made by Galet Miquel (1863): “ubi Rafflesiam Patma nutrit”. This (1967). We have seen only a few pages of the latter host was identified as Vitis coriacea by Miquel and publication, but as it is a thesis from a French Uni- as T. pisicarpum by Latiff. It is interesting to note versity, we very much suspect that it was invalidly that Junghuhn (1853) also stated that Rafflesia 2009] VELDKAMP : Notes on the names of the Tetrastigma (Vitaceae) hosts of Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) 77 patma grew on Cissus scariosa. His notes make ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS interesting reading, e.g. that in May 1847 the Raf- flesia flowers were so abundant that he couldn’t do Dr. J. Boggan (US) pointed out the presence of Cissus a step without crushing several specimens. He did- verrucosa Steud. (1840) as an older name for Tetras- n’t find any flowers or fruits on the host and was tigma rafflesiae Miq. (1863). Mr. A. Sumadijaya was most helpful in going through the collections in BO. Ms. told by the locals that the flowers of the parasite A. Trias Blasi (TCD) is thanked for her expert advise. would begin their development only after the host Ms. F. Ainsworth (K) very kindly sent some rare litera- has lost its fruits. From this he concluded that they ture. Dr. M.A. Latiff (UKMB) kindly provided various flowered and fruited at different periods, which is additional information. Dr. E. A. Widjaja is thanked for strange, as he also said that he found the flower the translation of the Abstract into Bahasa Indonesia. buds in all stages of development (except that none were open yet), while it is known that flower buds usually are present all year round. Flowering at least REFERENCES in 1850 in transplants in Bogor was in March and again in October (Teijsmann in De Vriese, 1853). I BACKER, C.A. 1911. Schoolflora voor Java 1: 253. Visser & Co., Weltevreden. would not be surprised, if the host was so affected BACKER, C.A. & Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr. R.C. that it didn’t flower at all anymore, while, also, the 1965. Flora of Java 1: 89. Noordhoff, Groningen. interest of any collector would be more focussed on BLUME, C.L. von. 1825a. Bijdragen tot de flora van this spectacular flower of 35–50 cm diameter then Nederlandsch Indië 4: 189. Lands Drukkerij, Bata- on the that nourished it. via. Thus the Blume collection is the type of the ear- BLUME, C.L. von. 1825b. Korte beschrijving van de liest name for this assembly of synonyms, and the Patma der Javanen. Bataviasche Courant 23 combination in Tetrastigma by Planchon (1887) is Maart: 1–22, and later versions, see Van Steenis, the correct name for Tetrastigma pisicarpum. 1989: (23)–(29). DECAISNE, J. 1834. Description d’un herbier de l’isle de Timor. Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris III, 3: 445. 1834, reprinted verbatim as Herbarii timoren- TETRASTIGMA SCARIOSU (Blume) Planch. sis descriptio: 117. 1835. Roret, Paris. DE VRIESE, W.H. 1853. Mémoire sur les Rafflesias In A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 5 (1887) 441. ––– Cissus rochussenii et Patma: 7–8. Arnz & Co., Leiden, scariosa Blume, Batav. Cour. 23 Mar 1825b: 12 [3] (n.v., Düsseldorf. fide Mabberley, 1980); Bijdr. 4 (20 Sep 1825a) 191. ––– GAGNEPAIN, F. 1911 (2 Mar). Additions au genre Tet- Type: Herb. Blume 1644 (L, holo, sh. no. 897.347–133), rastigma. Not. Syst. (Paris) 1: 377–378. Java, Nusa Kambangan, Citandoi, November 1824 (see GALET, P. 1967. Recherches sur les méthodes d’iden- Blume, 1825–b). tification et de classification des Vitacées des Cissus zollingeri Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes zones tempérées. II Thèse: 329, 371. Faculté des Moscou 36, 2 (soon after 11 Sep 1863) 591 (Zollinger Sciences de Montpellier, Université de Montpel- “2686”), see note. ––– Tetrastigma micranthum Gagnep., lier, France. Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1 (2 Mar 1911) 377, nom. superfl. –– HEYNE, K. 1917. De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch– Vitis verrucosa [Zoll.] Backer, Schoolfl. Java 1 (1911) Indië 3: xii, xxiii. Ruygrok & Co., Batavia. 253, nom. superfl., non Raf. (1830). ––– Cayratia verru- HEYNE, K. 1927. De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch– cosa [Backer] Koord., Exk. Fl. Java 2 (Mar/Apr 1912) Indië 3: xii, xxiii. 2nd edition. Ruygrok & Co., Ba- 565, nom. superfl. ––– Cayratia zollingeri (Turcz.) tavia. Koord. ex Koord.–Schum., Syst. Verz. 1, Fam. 170 (Jun HEYNE, K. 1950. De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch– 1912) 8; Galet, Recherch. Meth. Identif. & Classif. Vitac. Indië 3: xii, xxiii. 3rd edition. Ruygrok & Co., Ba- 2 (1967) 329 (329: “syn. nov.”, in the K copy changed tavia. manually to “comb. nov.”), 371 (reference is made to C. HEYNE, K. 1987. Tumbuhan berguna Indonesia, 4 vols: zallingeri “par erreur” Molon, “l.c.”: 70, which we could liii, 2521 pp. Yayasan Sarana Wana Jaya, Jakarta. not trace), if valid, an isonym. ––– Type: Zollinger 2868 JACKES, B.R. 1989. Revision of the Australian Vita- (“2686”; probably in KW, holo; BO, P), E Java, Banyu- ceae, 5. Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planchon. Austrobai- wangi, Litjin, 6 May 1845. leya 3: 149–158. Vitis pisicarpa Miq., Ann. Mus. Lugd.–Bat. 1 (24 Sep JACQUIN, N. J. VON. 1797-1804. Plantarum rariorum 1863) 79. ––– Tetrastigma pisicarpum (Miq.) Planch. in horti caesarei Schoenbrunnensis descriptiones et A. DC., Phan. 5 (1887) 441. 1887. ––– Type: Zippelius icons Opera et sumptibus Nicolai Josephi Jacquin. s.n. (L, holo, sh. no. 897.348–96 & 904.272––25), New Lugduni Batavorum. Guinea. JUNGHUHN, F. 1853. Java, zijne gedaante, zijn plan- Tetrastigma godefroyanum Planch. in A. DC., tentooien inwendigebouw. ed. 2, 1: 359–361. Monogr. Phan. 5 (1887) 436. ––– Lectotype: Pierre 4433 Mieling, The Hague. (P, holo), S. Vietnam (“Cochinchine”), Dong Nai Prov., KOORDERS, S.H. 1912. Exkursionsflora von Java 2: Dinh mountains, suggested by Planchon, designated here. 565. Fischer, Jena. 78 REINWARDTIA [VOL.13

MABBERLEY, D.J. 1980. Generic names published in charkoviensis. Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Salisbury’s reviews of Robert Brown’s works. Moscou 36, 2: 591. Taxon 29: 604. VAN STEENIS, C.G.G.J. 1968. The herb flora of Tai- MIQUEL, F.A.W. 1863. Ampelideae novae. Ann. Mus. wan, or how to master a flora without types and Lugd. Bat. 1: 78. with only a few books. Fl. Males. Bull. 22: 1562– MORITZI, A. 1846. Systematisches Verzeichniss: 40. 1567 (1564!). Moritzi, Solothurn. VAN STEENIS, C.G.G.J. 1989. Anacolosa. Fl. Males PLANCHON, J.E. 1887. Ampelideae in A. DC., 10: (23)–(29). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Monogr. Phanerog. 5, 2: 436, 441. Masson, Paris. Dordrecht / Boston / London. RAFINESQUE, C.S. 1830. Medical flora 2: 133. Atkin- VELDKAMP, J.F. 2008. The correct name for the son & Alexander, Philadelphia. Tetrastigma (Vitaceae) host of Rafflesia SHETTY, B.V. & SINGH, P. 2000. Vitaceae. Fl. India (Rafflesiaceae) in Malesia and a (not so) new spe- 5: 314–315. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. cies. Reinwardtia 12: 261–265. STEUDEL, E.T. 1840. Nomenclator botanicus, ed. 2, 1: ZOLLINGER, H. 1854–1855. Systematisches Verzeich- 373. Cotta, Stuttgart, Tubingen. niss. 3 vols. Kiesling, Zürich. TURCZANINOW, N. 1863. Animadversiones ad cata- logum primum et secundum herbarii Universitatis