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VIEWS from PRESIDENTS ZICHICHI and FRIEDEL >>>HISTORY news and views 40 YEARS OF THE EPS: VIEWS FROM PRESIDENTS ZICHICHI AND FRIEDEL >>> HISTORY The 1979 EPS Conference in Geneva “It was the first time that EPS mem- During this year celebrating the 40th an- was the best proof that the exchange pro- bers, working in different branches of niversary of the EPS, Europhysics News gramme for scientific activities was effec- physics, had the opportunity to meet and publish a sequence on this event in each tively improving the situation. Let us not discuss large future projects. The interest in issue. In the first one, EPN 39/1, the arti- forget that it was ten more years to go be- this new EPS Seminar was such – and this cle of H. Kubbinga recalled the early fore the fall of the Berlin Wall. we could only find out after the Seminar years of the EPS. For the next issues, con- The second point is the establishment was over – that the forecast for the future tributions have been asked from several of the International Seminars on the “Eu- appears promising.” former Presidents of the EPS and will be ropean Great Projects”. This initiative cov- “Let us hope that an EPS forum can be es- published, possibly in the order of pres- ered four fields: (1) Sub-nuclear Physics; tablished where the status of all European idencies, together with some testimonies (2) Nuclear Fusion; (3) Astrophysics and Great Projects can be reviewed and dis- from other former EPS actors. In the pres- (4) Synchrotron Radiation. For the first cussed regularly.” ent 39/2 issue we have the great pleasure time, all these activities were brought to- In the picture below there is a view of to publish the reflections of former Pres- gether and, on March 1979 in Rome, the the Aula Magna “Pietro da Cortona” of idents A. Zichichi (1978-80, Italy) and European Great Projects were presented the famous Palazzo Barberini in Rome J. Friedel (1982-84, France) and discussed jointly, thanks to EPS. where the EPS conference was held. It is probably of interest to recall my opening remarks at this conference: The EPS during two “The future of physics research, up to difficult years (1978–1980) the year 2000, will clearly be based on the Antonino Zichichi (Italy) scientific choices we are making now. Com- EPS President (1978-1980), and the EPS pared with the recent past we have there- youngest founding member (1968) fore two basic points to consider. When I started my research activity in the fifties a During my period of presidency, there few physicists could do an experiment in a are a few points of the EPS activities year or so. The average number of people and the time needed to accomplish research which are worth remembering. ᭡ The Aula Magna “Pietro da Cortona” of The first one is the implementation of ac- work have both drastically increased since Palazzo Barberini. tions in order to soften the very difficult con- then. And this is not all. As mentioned ditions of Eastern physicists, dictated by the above, we are reaching the state where our ᭢ President A. Zichichi and EPS Executive Com- existence of the iron curtain. EPS succeeded decisions severely affect future generations mittee members meet with H.H. John Paul II during the March 1979 Conference in Rome in creating, for the first time, a “spirit” of re- of physicists. For example, a student, now ciprocal confidence between the East and in high school, will be a physicist with the the West. For the first time, research physi- right age to work with one of the facilities cists were allowed to spend some time in to be built in the four fields. He will be Western universities and research centres. working in collaboration with many other This was the result of our visits in Moscow, people. Yet the source of new ideas will al- Bucharest (Romania), East Berlin, Novosi- ways be a single person.” birsk (Siberia) and Budapest (Hungary). “The European Physical Society, whose members are physicists working in all fields ᭢ Pr. Antonino Zichichi of physics, and living all over Europe – from North to South, from East to West – was given the task of establishing a suitable The third point is the meeting of the forum where an important part of the fu- EPS Executive Council with H.H. John ture of physics could be presented and dis- Paul II, in the Vatican. This is the meet- cussed by the European community of ing where the Pope gave the speech cele- physicists. The members responded with en- brating Galileo Galilei as the father of thusiasm to the EPS proposal: 250 of them, modern Science, thus opening the doors actively engaged in these important areas of of the Catholic Church to Science. research, came to Rome to attend the EPS This played an invaluable role in erad- International Seminar, whose proceedings icating the danger of a Nuclear Holo- are the content of the present volume”. caust, and in confronting, through factual europhysicsnews number 2 • volume 39 • 9 s w e i v d n projects, the danger of an Environmental wonderful dream tried to forget about the a s Holocaust in the undeclared war between existence and possible usefulness of Na- w the planet’s North (the rich) and South ••• tional Societies and the then very differ- e n ••• (the poor). The scientific community ent aspects of research in various could never have hoped to obtain such an European countries, notably in its organ- outstanding support for the implementa- ization in East and West. Many discus- tion of this extremely difficult task. sions had to take place before EPS was It is the EPS who had the cultural launched at CERN in 1968, on a com- courage to establish a close link with the promise between a Society of Individual Pope who, for the first time in the history Members and a Society of National Phys- of modern culture, has distinguished Sci- ical Societies. Representatives of both ence from Technology with his famous kinds of members were, from the start, statement: “Man could perish from the elected into the General Assembly; the effects of technology that he himself de- meetings and a small secretariat were velops, not from the truth that he discov- housed in Geneva Battelle Institute; and ers by means of scientific research”. This a complex but realistic compromise on ᭡ Pr. Jacques Friedel statement is forged in iron and displayed dues and membership to the Assembly, at the Ettore Majorana Foundation and obtained by the clear-sightedness and which I found congenial and stimulating Centre for Scientific Culture in Erice, a tenacity of people such as Francis Netter, under the Rudberg’s genial presidency. It Centre with has kept, during many brought life to the Society. was a good opportunity to learn and decades, a close collaboration with EPS. I did not take part in the preliminaries, judge the underlying strengths and ten- During the meeting the EPS Council but was sent as a delegate of the French sions in the Society, these last being more expressed its gratitude to John Paul II Physical Society to one of the first meet- between the smaller and larger countries who, with his strong cultural support, al- ings of the General Assembly, chaired by than between scientific domains or be- lowed EPS to be at the centre of the pub- the Director of CERN, my old friend tween East and West. The Committee lic opinion, worldwide, and gave it the Bernard Grégory. The Society had to be normally proposed new Presidents, and I opportunity to implement its task of en- organized; and we created specialized di- am rather proud of having successfully hancing physics research in all fields of visions, notably, with my help, a large proposed H. Casimir, who turned out to frontier Science. I Condensed Matter Division, including be one of our scientifically stimulating solids and liquids but also “soft matter”, stars as well as a famous physicist in in- already dear to Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, dustry. H. Casimir reported to me later The EPS as I knew it such as polymers and liquid crystals. on the low esteem into which his old Jacques Friedel (France) Being then engaged in renovating our master Pauli was placing such activities in President of the EPS, 1982-1984 “Journal de Physique”, I was quickly in- industry. But his knowledge and judge- cluded in a Publication Committee, cre- ments in recent developments of physics When envisaged at a meeting in Rome ated to implement an ambitious OCDE were deep and varied; and as a member of in the late 60’s, the European Physical So- plan to build a European Physics Journal an active group of European industrialists ciety looked like a dream, between the re- out of existing ones from Italy, England interested in research (EIRMA), he was membrance of a Europe of passport-free and the Netherlands. This did not please the first to push EPS in that direction. travel before the First World War and the the Germans or the French and left the During a General Assembly in Bucharest, post-war increasingly rigid separation be- Eastern Countries indifferent. The final he also did not hesitate to tell President tween East and West. This dream, the and much more modest decision was a Ceausescu to his face, at a large dinner, high-energy physicists were the first to mere labelling by EPS of a number of na- that his obstruction to free exchanges of have a taste of, by the creation of CERN, tional physical journals.
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