Question + Answer Lecture 3 1) Kshama : • Control anger at mind level. Dama : • Control anger at speech level. Uparama : • Effortless control. Titiksha : • Situation, I can’t do anything, forebear it, no control. Increase your power of endurance. 2) Action

Sat (Good actions - 10) Dushkarma (Bad actions - 5)

- Punyam - Papam - Gives Joy + fructifies. - Comes to me as sorrow.

• By itself and Papa can’t cancel each other. • Net result 5 – I want enjoy. • Duryodhana – Veera Swarga death in battle field, doesn’t stay long there. 1 • When you do Sat Karma with attitude of Karma , result is Chitta , nullifies Papam. • No Dush Karma with attitude.

Perform good action

Simple attitude Great attitude • When Dukham presents itself, I don’t take it as wrong because of Chitta Shuddhi. • Unfavourable situations will come but they loose power to produce Dukham because of Chitta Shuddhi. • Because mind is purified you face situation without complaining. • In your mind you wont feel bad. • Kripa can nullify all Papa, Karma Phala Dhata. • Chapter 7 – Verse 12 – How to get grace of Lord.

Whatever beings (and objects) that are pure, active and inert, know them to proceed from Me; yet, I am not in them, they are in Me. [Chapter 7 – Verse 12] 2 3) Chapter 2 – Verse 24 :

This Self cannot be cut, nor burnt, nor moistened, nor dried up. It is eternal, all-pervading, stable, immovable and ancient. [Chapter 2 – Verse 24] • Self indestructible. • Incapable of being cut, burnt. • Eternal, Sarvagataha, Avyayaktaha, • 8 words give us reason why self can’t be affected by 4 elements. • Eternal – no limitation of time. • Sarvagatah – No limitation of space. • Sthanuhu – Immovable. • Achala – Doesn’t move. • Infinity in time = Infinity in space. • Eternal = Sarvagataha. • Indestructible because of 8 indicators. 3 4) Delusion – Moha – 2 types

Dharma Moha Atma Moha

- Result of sorrow - Cause of sorrow - Pratyavaya - I don’t know myself. - Gives rise to Ahamta + Mamata.

5) Jivatma – Dehatma : • One who considers Body / Mind / Intellect as his, as mine. • Body is me. • Transmigration = Jivatma. • Dehinaha : o One who has Deha. o Considers Deha to be his. • Dehi = Agyani Jivatma.

4 6) Jivatma – Understands he is Atma, doesn’t move them. • = Jiva understands he is Paramatma. 7) Do

Svadharma Karma Yoga

- Doing Duty gives Punyam - Do Duty as Karma Yoga. - Gives Chitta Shuddhi.

8) Akasha : • Not Sky. • Space – can’t see. • If I see space, I wont see others. • I have understanding of space, feel space. • Effect of , hence included as 5 elements. • Basic Reflected Medium for gross, subtle world. • Each Mahabutha is subtler than next Mahabutha.

5 Akasha Subtlest – none of 4 can touch it.

Vayu Grosser than space can’t see Air, feel, touch

Agni Subtler than water, earth – can’t be tasted.

Jalam Subtler than earth, grosser than rest, can’t be smelt

Prithvi Grossest see, touch, smell, taste, hear.

Atma Kala Dik

- Nonmaterial Time Space - Not result of Maya

- Anatma - Material - Result of Maya - X / Y Axis → Desha, Kala, Vastu

• Space, time – Basic parameter for creation. 6 9) For whom we should not grieve? • Self, Jiva, Body, all of above, (for no reason). • None of above. 2 types of objective questions

Only one correct Check all that apply

Ꙩ √ - This question not in this - Tricky Question category. • Why we should not cry. • From standpoint of Paramatma, shouldn’t grieve, we are all self. 10) What is Samatvam – ? • Is it a reaction? Yes • Your reply to situation = Samatvam. • Win / Loose – don’t loose equanimity of mind, totally eternal. • If insistent on result, anger, Anxiousness, tention, Samatvam gone.

7 Question + Answer Section 2 – Chapter 2 – 1st session Lecture 1 1) Abhyasa – Verse 15.

That firm man whom surely these afflict not, O Chief among men, to whom pleasure and pain are the same, is fit for realising the immortality of the Self.[Chapter 2 - Verse 15]

• Practice, study. • Chapter 6 – Abhyasa + practice. Technical Meanings :

6 factors

How to know I have clear knowledge Shadvida Linga. 8 Upakrama Upasamhara :

Abhyasa

- Repetition - Main point repeated in between - Chapter 2 – Vastu Sangraha Adhyasa - Chapter 15 – Abhyasa - Chapter 18 - Upasamhara

• Kavya – Abhyasa Dosha – flaw • Important is repeated. 2) Sahasranama – • Sri Rameti… Rama Raksha Stotram. • One question of … – says. • Chant Rama… 3 times = 1000 names of Lord Vishnu. • To glorify Rama Nama. • Some repeat some important verses 3 times, Ishvara uncle in Mumbai.

9 3) What was age of Arjuna? • Average age of Human. • Sapta – Lakhs of years. • Treta – 1000 years – Rama ruled 1000 years. • 14 years – Vanavasa… 20 years Story we know. • Dvapara – 100 years. • Bhishma Pitha Maha.. Survived long time. • Diritashtra, Drona → Old. • End of Dvapara Yuga. After 36 years – Yuga. • Now Kaliyuga - <100 years • Arjuna – 60 Years prime youth, – 75 years. • Young… full = 300 years. • Abhimanyu – child – during war – youngest. • Some believe Arjuna, Krishna same age. • Ruled Indraprastha – 30 years.

10 4) Chapter 2 - 5th Sloka : Change in Metre

Better indeed in this world, is to eat even the bread of beggary than to slay the most noble of teachers. But, if I kill them, all my enjoyments of wealth and desires, even in this world, will be stained with blood. [Chapter 2 – Verse 5]

• Usual → sloka → Metre – 1st Chapter. • Most of Gita : Anushtup – 8 Alphabets in each quarter. • 32 Alphabets in 4 quarters. • Trishtup – Chandas – 4 lines Gayithri – Pankti…

11 Question + Answer Lecture 2 1) 2 Delusions : Arjuna has Shokha – Moha, 3 person’s Analysed

Sanjaya Bhagavan Arjuna

- Kripaya Paraya - Kutastva Kashmalam - Karpanya Dosha - Vishidantam. Upahata – Svabava. - Sorrow because of which I can’t think. - Confusion regarding duty. • Shokah and Hands trembling, horripulation. • Speech : Shows Moha. Shokha came because Then Moha came, what is Arjuna has to kill my duty

Fight Biksha 12 Shokha because of

Ahamta Mamata • Why Ahamta – Mamata? • Caused by “I am body” – Moola Moha Atma Moha, Agyanam.

Atma Moha = Agyanam Gives rise to Ahamta - Mamata

Causes sorrow / Shokha

Delusion about duty

What I should do, I don’t Confusion want to do Dhamra Moha Svadharma Moha

Gives rise to Papam

Gives sorrow Another Shokah Caused by Papam

• Moha can be removed when Agyanam removed. 13 Bhagawan answering about 2 Mohas

Atma Moha / Moola Moha Svadharma Moha

- Self knowledge - Verse 31 onwards to 38 - Removes ignorance

2) Chatushtaya : • . • . • Sadhana Chatustaya Sampatti – 6 fold inner wealth Kshama, Dama, Uparama, Titiksha, Sraddha, Samadhanam. • Mumukshutvam. 3) Titiksha : • Sahanana Sarvam Sukhanam – Apratee Poorvakam Chinta Vilapa Rahitam. • Forbear all sorrow which comes. • Cause = Ignorance, Papam – done something wrong. • Can’t avoid, result will come, no choice, without complaint, opposing, keep crying. • No worry of past, future. 14 • How to develop forbearance, verse 14 – Sparsha…

The contacts of senses with objects, O son of Kunti, which cause heat and cold, pleasure and pain, have a beginning and an end; they are impermanent. Endure them bravely, O descendant of . [Chapter 2 – Verse 14]

• Little pinpricks of life, go through, too sensitive, mentally. • Have less expectation, live with, without – develop habit. • With Slight change, disturbed. 4) How to take notes : • Word meaning. • Reasons – why Rishikesha, Govindam. • Connection between 2 verses.

15 The Blessed Lord said : You have grieved for those that should not be grieved for; yet, you speak words of wisdom. The wise grieve neither for the living nor for the dead. [Chapter 2 – Verse 11] • Verse 11 – Why crying - Read – “wise don’t cry”.

It is not that at any time (in the past), indeed was I not, nor were you, nor these rulers of men. Nor verily, shall we ever cease to be hereafter. [Chapter 2 – Verse 12] • 12th verse – I am not the body – body dies – I don’t die, always I am there.

16 Just as in this body the emobided (soul) passes into childhood, youth and old age, so also does he pass into another body; the firm man does not grieve at it. [Chapter 2 – Verse 13] • 13th verse – I am not soul, death of body for change – like Kaumaram. Why cry.

The contacts of senses with objects, O son of Kunti, which cause heat and cold, pleasure and pain, have a beginning and an end; they are impermanent. Endure them bravely, O descendant of Bharata. [Chapter 2 – Verse 14] • 14th verse – not mind – tam Titiksha. • Bullet points.

17 5) Pronunciation of Visarga. • Sha before Sa Sha / Ka Kah – Kah! / Pa – Pa – Ba Pah! • End → Pronounce as ha Suchi Nak Kshatirya Partha. 6) If there is only consciousness – why is body seeking liberation.

Body Who is seeking liberation - Not seeking liberation. - One who is not there is seeking - Can’t get liberated. liberation! - Thinks he is there. - Wants to be there always is seeking liberation. Example : Space • Pot space is seeking liberation. • Pot space wants to be space. It is already space but it doesn’t know that. • Therefore wants liberation. • Liberation is not becoming consciousness. • Liberation of pot space is not that it will become total space. • It understands that it was always space. • Is effort by body useless. st • 1 – body is inert, it doesn’t want anything. 18 • It is the mind which wants. • Body is Pitiable – Pavam, does not want anything. Example : • Futile effort to get it liberated. • Person had camel. • Forgotten rope / nail, to tie camel. • Rope on neck + nail to ground. • Act as though you are tying + nailed – camel sat down. • Tie + untie for man not for camel. • You acted as though untieing, camel not tied, futile effort. • One who is tied has to be liberated. • I am not bound, I can’t be liberated. • I think I am bound and want to be liberated. • Act as though untying. • Mistake of ignorance already happened. • If effort is futile… it can’t take you to liberation. Kaivalya Upanishad :

19 Not by work, nor by progeny, nor by wealth, but by renunciation alone, Immortality is attained. Higher than heaven, seated in the cave of the intellect. It shines, which the seekers attain. [Verse 3]

• Give up wrong notion, then you are already liberated. • You think you are bound. • See a dream + think you are suffering, wake up, dream ends automatically. • Wake up from dream of wakers world to Atma, dream of waking ends automatically. • When I was suffering heat of Kerala, I was comfortably sleeping! • Effort though futile is required because we have wrongly understood somethings. • Efforts required till correct understanding comes. 7) Arjunas sorrow because of delusion or fear. • He didn’t have any fear. • He says, if we fight, we will win the kingdom, but I don’t want the kingdom. Reasons : I) Has full confidence of his ability. II) Krishna on his side o Drithrashtra, Bheeshma, Drona know, conches blown. o 36 Lakhs come to war. III) Where Krishna + Arjuna are there, there is victory. o Firm conviction. 20 • No thought of failure in Arjuna. • Never fought keeping end in mind. • Ajnyatha Vasa – alone – No Krishna. • Fights with entire Kaurava family. • Delusion because of sorrow. 8) Duryodhana knows Krishna is god. • You are Antaryami, he has to control – fuel in the car, after fuel put – driver bangs – petrol gives energy for good + bad. • This is role of God – Chaitanyam in each one of us. • Don’t blame God for your mistakes. • Praise him for your victories. • Petrol + driver = God. God

Good Path Bad Path

• Bad happens – why I suffer. • He is life giving force. • How do I conduct my life is in my hand. 21 • Duryodhana chooses to make mistake. • If Bhagavan known, but they forget. • Greatness of great people is not to show their greatness. • Arjuna + Duryodhana went directly to his bedroom. • Simplicity is great, people forget his greatness. • Rama didn’t exhibit Godliness. 8) Some happy – do they have Shokha – Moha • With self knowledge, will be beyond Shokha – Moha. • Has understanding people will die – know how to live life. 9) Atma – Moha – destroyed by I am Atma, not I am not the body, mind, intellect. • This knowledge at intellectual level = Jnanam, when we experience it is called Vigyanam. • I am self of all. • Established by Sravanam + Mananam + Nididhyasanam. 10) Kshama + Dama controls : • In – Krodha. • Because its control of mind.

22 11) Atma Moha relates to me – who am I unclear, confusion. • Makes us feel I am body, it is result of Atma Moha. • I am body = Identification because of ignorance. • Know world – don’t know self. • What is happening in home. • More important than in nation.

23 Chapter 2 – Part A Question + Answer – Session 3 Lecture 3 1) How do we connect Bhava with consciousness – is it attribute of consciousness or is it consciousness itself? Depends on Standpoint :

w.r.t. consciousness itself w.r.t. World - Not even a witness - It is witness w.r.t. our present - Nothing exists other than standpoint as ignorant people. consciousness. - Consciousness is witness of Body / Mind / Intellect, different from Body / Mind / Intellect. • From our standpoint it is witness, from its own standpoint not witness. • Is Sun moving or earth? w.r.t. Sun w.r.t. Earth Sun not moving Feel sun is moving

24 2) 6 Modifications in Body

Jayate Vardate Apakshiyate

- Is born in mothers - Grows - Decays body. - Height, weight

Asti Viparinamate Vinashyati

- Exists separately as - Matures - Destroyed Child. - No growth

• Show picture : o Body is me. o Modifications taken as me. • I am coming, going, present. • Something changeless, substratum = Self. • Cars move because road stationary, changeless support. 25 • To be born, you must be nonexistent before. • Birth = Something not there before, but it is there now. • No time when I was not there, no time when I was born. • Ayam Butva, Butava Bavina. • Not there before, it came into existence now is body, not Atma. 3) Why Krishna gave self knowledge? • Arjuna didn’t ask self knowledge.

2 problems

Sorrow Delusion

• Nishchitam sreyaha. • Absolutely good / say clearly. • Arjuna didn’t know cause.

Sreyas Preyas Nishsreyas - Good - Like - Absolutely good - Duty - See Tv - Moksha, requires - Pleasant self knowledge.

26 4) How Lord Krishna conveys we are not Body / Mind? I) Verse 12 :

It is not that at any time (in the past), indeed was I not, nor were you, nor these rulers of men. Nor verily, shall we ever cease to be hereafter. [Chapter 2 – Verse 12] • We are always there, we were always there, we will be there always. • Example : o Body changes 90% in 7 years. o Many bodies within this birth. • Changes not death, Kaumaram, Yauvanam, Jara. • Add one more.. Take new body. • Why fuss? • When we change body, no memory of previous body, therefore fear. II) You are not mind • Mind feels pleasures – pains. 27 • Agama, Pahi, Anitya, Tam Titiksha.. Forebear because you are not body. • Pleasure + pain belongs to mind not me. • Dukham, mind suffers I Atma not bothered Pleasure, mind enjoys III) Body / Mind - changing Sataha Abavaha - Unreal can’t exist - No Vidyate. - Asataha Bavaha Na Vidyate. - That which is real, can never perish.

• Who am I? • Avinashitu Tat Viddhi. • Indestructible, unchangeable existence I am, not unreal body / Mind. 5) Na Hanti Na Hanyate : • Self doesn’t die, self doesn’t kill. • Goal to reach – Self - Shown in Chapter 2 • Become Darshibihi, see in the end, both Sat + Asat, clearly. • Path - Karma Yoga – Upasana Yoga – .

28 6) Is Body related to Existence or not related? • Not related, watch exists ↓ Form exists. • Body exists ↓ Form exists. • To all body, watch, man, girl, common factor is existence. • Existence common for Singapore, USA. • Form is different. • Form not related to existence. • Existence is substratum, nonchanging, form is changing, there form is unreal. • Even when it appears to be existing, it is still not existing. Example : Necklace Gold - Form - Substance - We think it is necklace. - goldsmith sees it as gold. - Ajnani sees Jivas, Jagat, Ishvara. - Jnani sees only existence, consciousness. 29 Necklace Gold - Form changes, melts, can make to - Distinction clear in Jnanis mind, ring. sees substratum, not outerform. - Jiva, Jagat, Ishvara changing. - Gold remains same. - For relation 2 things required. - Existence alone real, there is - Me and Mother have relationship. nothing other than that. - Existence has no relationship with anything, it alone is. - I can’t be related to myself.

• Existence is not related to anything because there is nothing other than existence. • Arjuna knows what he has not understood and asks questions. 7) Verse 16 :

The unreal has no existence; there is no non-existence of the Real; the truth about both these has been seen by the knowers of the Truth (or the seers of the Essence). [Chapter 2 – Verse 16] 30 Sat Asat Real Unreal • Asataha Bavaha Na Vidyate. • Presence – Absence ↓ Watch is present. • Bava – Abava. In : • What I perceive alone is existing. • Not perceiving – doesn’t exist. • Your house doesn’t exist for me because I don’t perceive!! • My perception is relative, existence is not relative. • Existence for you is relative, what is really there, is existence alone, reality. • What really is, is only Ekam, that is me, all other things are relatively real, appearing to be real, is unreal.

31 8) Chapter 2 – Verse 9 :

Sanjaya said : Having spoken thus to Hrsikesa, Gudakesa, the destroyer of foes, said to Govinda: “I will not fight” and became silent. [Chapter 2 – Verse 9]

• Gita : 5500 Years old – Pata Veda. Gudakesha Parantapaha - Arjuna - Visarga after Parantapa. - Curly hair, Rishi Kesha - Paran Tapayati - Refers to Arjuna with Visarga or Dritharashtra.

Books

- Parantapa Sambodaha - Parantapaha - Refers to Dritharashtra - With Visarga - Without Visarga 32 9) Reality – Unreality : Unreality

What I see – unreal says Shastra

Is it rational to have faith in

Don’t know completely Know completely • I am alive – no faith. • Faith = Belief pending enquiry to find what you believed in, is correct = Rationality – How? • Andah Sraddha = Irrational. • After belief – start enquiry = rational. • God exists….. How – not why. • Shastra says – I must come to know How, enquire. • After belief – enquire. Logic : • Yat Drishyam – Tat Jadam, Tad nashvaram Seen Inert Perishable

Yat Jadam - Tat Anityam 33 • Inert – impermanent – appearing but not really there. Logic Tree : • Rational intelligence of Shastra. (I) Drishyam Seen

(II) Jadam Inert

(III) Nashvaram Perishable, impermanent

(IV) Mithya – Nama - Rupam Appearing

(V) Asat Not really there

10) Verse 20 :

He is not born, nor does He ever die; after having been, He again ceases not to be; unborn, eternal, changeless and ancient, He is not killed when the body is killed. [Chapter 2 – Verse 2034] Va : • This self not being there before, later came into existence – Na. I) It is not that self was not there and then came into existence. • Not self is born – Na Jayate. II) Or – Va – Not dying • Self is there – later – will not be there – Na – Bavati. 1st Na

Self was not there and is It was there, later on, it there now. will not be there.

• वा = Na Mriyate. 11) Why don’t he remember previous birth. • Verse 1,10, 38 → Why forgot? • In this life, forgotten. • Don’t remember Names. • In the womb, remember previous birth, on birth, loose memory, address lost.

Computer Memory Processor - Addresses stored - Can’t call memory because of pain 35 • By Gods Grace don’t remember, will be doomed! • Chapter 15 – Apohanam Cha – Forgetting my grace. • Technically forget because of pain. • Jiva is same, mind does not remember previous birth.

36 Question + Answer Lecture 1 Chapter 2 – Part A – Session 1 Continued…. 5) Summary of 1st Chapter • Sanjaya • Duryodhana = 2 problems.

2 Problems

Fear (Bayam) Ego / Pride ()

Glorifies I am great • Bhishma – Bhima / Dishtup Yumna ↓ Commander in Chief Arjuna

Shoka Moha

Arjuna not afraid 37 • Thinking of a situation different and being in a situation. • 36 Lakhs – win / die – war. • Arjavat Arjuna – Straight forward therefore Bhagawan could correct him. • Logic of Arjuna right but at wrong place where logic should be followed. • Myness creates sorrow. • Before war – 13 years over. • Sanjaya comes + speaks to Pandavas. • Same as Arjunas. • Arjuna firm… • Me + Krishna – will destroy entire Kauravas. • Dritharashtra speaking through Sanjaya to create doubt. • Yudhistra – after doubt – I want to be king – go to Bhishma. • Sama – Dana – Bheda – Divine in such a way, no war. Sama Dana - To talk - Give something – - Settle outside court 5 houses – needle point land not given. • Karna – Kunti + Krishna ↓ Bheda told 38 • Dritharashtra Don’t want war Bhishm - Drona

Nara Narayana

Best among men Krishna

Crying Best God • Get up, stop crying – Krishna. Verse 10 :

To him, who was despondent in the midst of the two armies, Hrsikesa as if smiling, O Bharata, spoke these words. [Chapter 2 – Verse 10]

Paryaptam Aparyaptam – 2 meaning - Finite - Infinite - Sufficient - Insufficient 39 • 2 contrary emotions in Duryodhana. • Afraid / proud – ego • Bhima / proud • Some verses. • Pandavan – Limited but sufficient for win. • 7 Aksha Guni instead of 11. • Duryodhana – Max afraid of Bhima - Beaten him. Bhishma – Bhima – compared :

Bhishma Bhima - Unlimited - Arjuna (not proud – opened – sorrow = - Kaurvas Yoga) - Duryodhana (Proud) - Limited - Yudhishtra (Sorrow not Yoga) - Great – Big – Army of Pandavas. - Dirtharashtra - Cricket – Huddle • 17 Warriors named – No Pandavas ↓ Bhima + Arjuna in the war • Arjuna is crying – Bhagavan is going to talk in 2 verses. 40 Question : • Arjuna had fear of Sin? • Here fear of defeat / dying himself, but of others dying in his hands. Question : • Drona – – Poor – Unemployed ↓ Guru of Pandavas appointed by Bishma ↓ Why in Kauravas? ↓ Got Salary • Nobody completely good / bad, made + paid for mistakes. • Ruling party – Dritharashtra. Question : • Arjunas Sorrow = Our Sorrow ↓ If expressed to God then becomes Yoga. • We cry to ones who are in difficulty. • Yoga = Means for us to unite with God. • When we have sorrow or delusion, open up. • Don’t have God – Open up to Shastra. 41