Dover District Council Western Heights Combined Heritage & Landscape Appraisal

Volume 1

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Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Dover District Council Western Heights Combined Heritage & Landscape Appraisal

Document verification Client: Dover District Council Project: Western Heights Combined Heritage & Landscape Appraisal Job number: A099905 Document title: Western Heights Combined Heritage & Landscape Appraisal Status: Final Report Date: March 2017 Document reference: W:\A099000-A099999\A099905 - WESTERN HEIGHTS L&H APPRAISAL\7_Reports\A099905 Landscape_Heritage_Vegetation FINAL 210317.docx

Document Checking: Prepared by: Marcus Pinker, Landscape Assistant Date: 13 March 2017 and Dr Gillian Scott, Built Heritage Consultant Checked by: Mary O’Connor, FLI Date: 17 March 2017

Issue Date Status 1 28 February 2017 Draft Report for Issue 2 17 March 2017 Draft Final Report for issue 3 21 March 2017 Final Report for issue

This report is copyright: © WYG Environment Planning Transport Limited, 2017. All drawings and photographs are by WYG Group Limited unless stated otherwise. Drawings based on the Ordnance Survey map are reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office: © Crown copyright WYG Environment Planning Transport Limited licence number: AR 1000 17603

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Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Contents

1.0 Introduction 1 1.2 Scope of the appraisal 1 1.3 Policy Context 4 1.4 Appraisal Methodology 6 2.0 Heritage & Landscape Baseline 8 2.2 Heritage Baseline 8 2.3 Landscape Baseline 14 2.4 Historic & Landscape Character Assessment 24 2.5 Vegetation overview 38 3.0 Heritage Views and Visual Amenity 39 3.2 Heritage Views 41 3.3 Visual Amenity 55 4.0 Cumulative Effects with Major New Developments 62 4.2 Western Heights Regeneration 63 4.3 Dover Western Docks Revival 64 5.0 Character Areas & Vegetation Management 65 5.2 Character Areas 65 5.3 Recommendations for managing vegetation 68 6.0 Conclusions 70

Tables

Table 3-1 Western Heights heritage viewpoint locations 42 Table 3-2 Viewpoint details 56

Appendices

Appendix 1 - Glossary 73 Appendix 2 - List of Figures 75 Appendix 3 - Appraisal Methodology 77 Heritage 77 Landscape 78 Appendix 4 - Heritage Designations within the Site 80 Appendix 5 - Gazetteer of Designated and Non-designated Heritage Assets within the Study Area 91

File reference: A099905

Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

1.0 Introduction

1.1.1 WYG is instructed by Dover District Council to prepare this Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal of the Western Heights. The aim of the combined appraisal is to focus on and integrate heritage, landscape and visual amenity matters to inform recommendations for appropriate vegetation management. It will also provide the information and analysis to support establishing the “shared vision” for the Western Heights, from an understanding of the interplay between its history, the character that has developed in response to that history, and the present-day uses of the extensive area within the study site and its context.

1.1.2 The key challenge that this integrated study will assist with is determining what measures are needed to secure the future of the in the context of on- going change from the past, through the present, and into the future, for example:

° How to decide on the different management regimes appropriate to the different parts of the study site, such as the vegetation to be removed, reduced, maintained, or augmented; ° Cataloguing the visual relationships and key views from the historic point of view and the visual amenity point of view, and as an aspect of the landscape and historic landscape character of the area; ° Setting the study site in a dynamic contextual framework, so future changes are accommodated without compromising the historic landscape and ecological roles of the site, its relationship with its context, and people’s’ ability to appreciate it.

Report structure

1.1.3 The report is presented in four volumes:

Volume 1 This Report Volume 2 Figures: 2A: Designations and Visual Appraisal 2B: Heritage and Landscape Photographs 2C: Vegetation and Visual Relationships Volume 3 Vegetation Action Plans Volume 4 Historic OS Maps

1.2 Scope of the appraisal

1.2.1 The aim of the commission is to assess the landscape of the Western Heights and combine that with an understanding of the landscape setting of the heritage assets and its purpose, to identify actions to enhance, both the setting of the heritage assets, and

1 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

an understanding of them, together with protection and enhancement of the landscape. The objectives are to:

° Describe the current landscape character of the Western Heights and how this has evolved since Napoleonic times, including reference to earlier sources where relevant and to extant features dating from pre-Napoleonic times, e.g. the field terraces; ° Assess the current landscape condition of the Western Heights; ° Identify past important views to, from and within the fortress and other features in a heritage context and assess how these may be affected today by woodland and trees; ° Identify current important views to and from the Western Heights in a landscape (and seascape) context and assess the role of woodlands and trees in such views; ° Catalogue those woodlands and trees that are significant, positively and negatively, in the heritage setting and landscape of the fortress; ° Use current published plans for Dover Waterfront and Western Docks, together with the Western Heights elements of Planning Application DOV/12/00440 to ascertain the potential visual impact of those schemes on the setting of Western Heights; ° Produce a set of proposed actions to support the heritage and landscape interests of the Western Heights that can be taken forward and tested against biodiversity, access and stakeholder interests in Integrated Heritage and Green Infrastructure (IHGI) management planning.

1.2.2 For the purposes of assessing landscape character and the visual assessment, study areas have been defined:

° The “site” extends to the area shown within the red line on Figure HL01; ° The “landscape context” extends to approximately 1.5km from the site boundary and includes Dover town centre, harbour, and to the east and south, Farthingloe valley and to the north and the ridgeline to the south- west of the site; ° The visual study area, defined by field survey with reference to the computer generated Zone of Theoretical Visibility1 (ZTV) and vegetation cover mapping, covers are area within about 3km of the site, shown on Figure HL16. Study areas for certain elements of the research, such as the historic evidence gathering, were adjusted to suit the particular needs of the project.

1.2.3 The objectives of the appraisal are to describe:

1 This is the mapped area within which the computer calculates defined points may be visible, using a 3D surface model of the topography of an area. For this study, a grid of points was defined across the study site and their visibility mapped as computer-generated ZTVs. Sub-selections of these points were used to map areas of visibility of features within the site, and combined visibility with Dover Castle, etc.

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° The historic development of the site and how this relates to key historic views to, from and within the site; ° The existing features and characteristics of the site and its context; ° Landscape character; ° Aspects of the landscape and visual amenity susceptible to the changes occurring or predicted to occur; and ° The degree and nature of those changes and the likely consequences for the Western Heights and context.

1.2.4 The Landscape and Heritage Appraisal is illustrated by plans and photographs, as follows:

HL01 Site Location HL02 Site Features HL03 Designations - Heritage HL04 Designations - Scheduled Monuments HL05-1 Designations - Listed Buildings HL05-2 Designations - Listed Buildings HL06 Designations - Conservation Areas HL07 Designations - Protected Military Remains HL08 Designations - Heritage Coasts HL09-1 HER Data HL09-2 Kent HER Data HL10-1 Kent HER Data HL10-2 Kent HER Data HL11 Kent HER Data - Historic Landscape Character HL12 Landscape Character HL13 Designations - Landscape HL14 Designations - Habitat and Species HL15-1 Designations - Public Access HL15-2 Designations - Public Access HL16 Visual Appraisal - Topography HL17 Visual Appraisal - Site Context HL18 Visual Appraisal - The Site HL19 Heritage Photographs HL20 Landscape Photographs HL21 National Tree Map Data HL22-1 Vegetation Map - Existing HL22-2 Vegetation Map - Proposed HL23 Character Areas HL24-1 ZTV Bare Earth – Overall Study Area HL24-2 ZTV Bare Earth – Citadel

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HL24-3 ZTV Bare Earth – Drop HL24-4 ZTV Bare Earth – North Lines HL24-5 ZTV Bare Earth – Fortress Interior HL24-6 ZTV Bare Earth – Snargate Street HL24-7 ZTV Bare Earth – Dover Castle HL24-8 ZTV Bare Earth – Fort Burgoyne HL25-1 ZTV Screening Features – Overall Study Area HL25-2 ZTV Screening Features – Citadel HL25-3 ZTV Screening Features – Drop Redoubt HL25-4 ZTV Screening Features – North Lines HL25-5 ZTV Screening Features – Fortress Interior HL25-6 ZTV Screening Features – Snargate Street HL25-7 ZTV Screening Features – Dover Castle HL25-8 ZTV Screening Features – Fort Burgoyne HL26 ZTV Vegetation Removal Plan HL27-1 ZTV Vegetation Removal – Overall Study Area HL27-2 ZTV Vegetation Removal – Citadel HL27-3 ZTV Vegetation Removal – Drop Redoubt HL27-4 ZTV Vegetation Removal – North Lines HL27-5 ZTV Vegetation Removal – Fortress Interior HL28-1 CZTV Bare Earth HL28-2 CZTV Screening Features

1.2.5 Detailed information is presented in Appendices as follows:

Appendix 1 Glossary Appendix 2 List of Figures Appendix 3 Methodology Appendix 4 Heritage designations within the site Appendix 5 Gazetteer of designated and non-designated heritage assets in the study area

1.3 Policy Context

1.3.1 Kent County Council and Dover District Council commissioned a masterplan in January 2014 of the Western Heights that would be suitable for adoption by Dover District Council as a Supplementary Planning Document (SPD).

1.3.2 The masterplan is evidence based and was drawn up following stakeholder consultation. Its compilation was guided by a Steering Group, consisting of representatives from Kent County Council, Dover District Council and English Heritage. The resulting approach, whilst recognising constraints, sought to be ‘ambitious for the

4 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

future and sensitive to the past’. Key issues were identified and addressed in a holistic manner, seeking to provide a framework for action that would promote a new vision for the Western Heights to secure a sustainable future.

1.3.3 The masterplan concluded that, alongside a new vision for the future of the site, a detailed action plan must be developed to ensure that the site’s ecological and landscape value informs any site improvements and development and, where not in conflict with the cultural heritage of the site, such value is increased. The Integrated Heritage and Green Infrastructure Management Plan is to be an integral part of the action plan that should be developed through a number of interlocking studies.

1.3.4 This combined heritage and landscape appraisal is a result of the recommendations in the action plan. The following diagram illustrates how integrated management planning of regeneration initiatives on the Western Heights may be achieved and the role of this appraisal:

Core Strategy

Land Allocations Local Plan Policy LA11

Heritage Western Heights Strategy Masterplan

WHCF1 Stakeholder IHGI Action and Public Consult WHCHLA2 Plan

WHBS3 Funding

Future works

1 Western Heights Conservation Framework 2 Western Heights Combined Heritage & Landscape Appraisal 3 Western Heights Biodiversity Surveys

5 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

1.4 Appraisal Methodology Heritage Appraisal

1.4.1 The heritage appraisal responds to a project brief issued by Dover District Council and it focuses on the identification and analysis of key historic views of, from, and within, the study site. The methodology used for the identification of key historic views is based on the principals contained within Historic ’s guidance documents Seeing the History in the View: a Method for Assessing Heritage Significance within Views (Historic England 2011) and Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3: The Setting of Heritage Assets (Historic England, 2015). At the time of writing the consultation is underway on a new Historic England guidance document, to conflate and supersede the two documents cited above, entitled Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3: Settings and Views of Heritage Assets (Historic England consultation draft). The methodology followed within this report is also in accordance with the principals outlined in the consultation draft which states that:

Where complex issues involving views come into play in the assessment of such views – whether for the purposes of providing a baseline for plan-making or for development management – a formal views analysis may be merited (Historic England consultation draft, 8).

The baseline data gathering to inform the heritage appraisal was carried out in accordance with relevant sections of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment (CIfA 2014).

1.4.2 The heritage appraisal process comprises a combination of desk studies and field surveys, with subsequent analysis, and involved:

° A review of heritage designations contained in the National Heritage List for England (NHLE) and non-designated heritage assets and archaeological events recorded in the Kent Historic Environment Record (HER); ° Archival research including historic ordnance survey maps and documents, plans and maps pertaining to the site at the National Archives, Kew; ° Review of previous heritage studies carried out at the site such as the Built Heritage Conservation Framework for Dover Western Heights (Gibbs 2012) and survey reports by the Royal Commission Historic Monuments of England 2-10 (RCHME 2001-2004) ° A survey of the site and inspection of views of, from and within the site, including a photographic survey. The surveys were carried out on 19th and 20th of January 2017. The proposed viewpoints were discussed with stakeholders at Dover District Council, Dover Museum, Kent County Council, English Heritage and Historic England; ° Describing and evaluating key historic views of, from and within the site;

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° Describing the site’s setting and the contribution its makes to the site’s significance, positive or negative, with a particular focus on vegetation; ° Describing the vegetation and its role within these views, both past and present; ° In discussion with the landscape specialists, examining past, present and predicted changes and analysing their potential effects on the heritage significance and setting of the Western Heights;

Landscape Appraisal

1.4.3 The methodology used for assessing the landscape effects is based on the recommendations in Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 3rd Edition published by The Landscape Institute and the Institute of Environmental Management & Assessment in 2013 (GLVIA3). A summary of the methodology used is set out in Appendix 3.

1.4.4 In addition to GLVIA3, the Landscape Institute’s Advice Note 01/11 Photography and Photomontage in Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment was referred to.

1.4.5 Relevant policy, landscape character assessments, and other contextual information sources were also referred to, including:

° Landscape Character Assessment: Guidance for England and Scotland, published by Countryside Agency, 2002 ° Natural England updated character area descriptions, July 2013 ° Policies relevant to the landscape and visual amenity in national and regional policy including Dover District Core Strategy (2010), Dover District Landscape Character Assessment (2006), The Landscape Assessment of Kent (2004), Seascape Character Assessment for the Dover Strait (2013).

Photography

1.4.6 Photographs have a special role in describing historic and landscape character and illustrating key views. In order for photograph to be representative and to create an image that is as similar as possible to that which is seen with the human eye, the Landscape Institute (LI) advises using a lens with a focal length equivalent to 50 mm for a 35 mm Single Lens Reflex (SLR) camera, and a horizontal field of view of a little under 40 degrees2. The camera used for the appraisal photography was a Canon EOS 5D Mark iii digital SLR camera with a full frame sensor. Photographs were taken with a focal length of 50mm.

1.4.7 Viewpoint photography includes wide angle or panoramic views requiring a sequence of photographs to be taken across the view. Where this approach is taken, a series of

2 The Landscape Institute, Advice Note 01/11, Photography and photomontage in Landscape and Visual Assessment, March 2011, on LI website: https://www.landscapeinstitute.org/visualisation/ [accessed

March 2017]

7 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

overlapping photographs are digitally spliced together in Adobe Photoshop CS using a cylindrical projection to provide a panorama approximating to the normal field of view in a landscape context. Where necessary, the contrast and brightness of individual photographs is slightly manipulated in order to create a consistent panorama without visible joins. The landscape and heritage viewpoint locations are shown on Figures HL16, HL17 & HL18.

2.0 Heritage & Landscape Baseline

2.1.1 The landscape baseline is a description and analysis of the existing landscape. The landscape is described by reference to landscape character assessments for the area in which the site is located, at national and local levels and from site-specific surveys and analysis carried out for the purposes of this assessment.

2.1.2 The heritage baseline also forms part of the landscape baseline. For the purposes of this appraisal the heritage baseline is more robust than that normally required of a landscape appraisal and includes non-designated assets, historic landscape character, archaeological event information and the results of the review of archival sources and secondary heritage surveys of the site. Within this report the heritage baseline is therefore detailed as a separate section to the landscape baseline, but the two are integrated and have been used in tandem throughout this appraisal.

2.2 Heritage Baseline Designated Heritage Assets

Scheduled Monuments

2.2.1 Scheduled Monuments within 1.5km of the site are shown on Figure HL03. The ‘Fortifications, Roman lighthouse and medieval chapel on Western Heights’ (NHLE: 1020298) Scheduled Monument lies within the site boundary. The monument includes the remains of a Roman lighthouse, field terraces and a medieval chapel subsequently surrounded by 18th, 19th and 20th century defensive works. A summary of the Historic England Scheduled Monument Description is provided below, the full citation can be found in Appendix 4.

The lighthouse on Western Heights is one of a pair constructed in around the 2nd century AD on the headlands flanking either side of the major Roman port of Dubris to help guide in cross-channel traffic. Its foundations survive as two 1m square blocks of flint, tile and mortar, parts of which were moved to their present location on the eastern side of the Drop Redoubt during construction of the officers' quarters in 1861. In the 12th century a chapel was built on the southern edge of the Heights, 500m south-west of the lighthouse. Western Heights has been

8 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

extensively modified by landscaping associated with its later military usage but the lighthouse, chapel and a fragmentary series of field terraces visible immediately beyond the scarp at the foot of the northern defences demonstrate that it was occupied from much earlier times.

The defences on Western Heights were initially begun in 1779 during the war with America, Spain, Holland and France. Following a renewed invasion scare, during 1803-1804 plans were drawn up to enhance the existing fortifications with the intention of housing a garrison of sufficient size to secure the Heights against attack, whilst enabling it to direct flanking fire onto any invasion force attempting to assault the town and port from the west. The defences were to consist of a main defensive point or Citadel on the western side of the Heights and a redoubt on the eastern side linked by strong defensive lines; their construction began in April 1804.

The Drop Redoubt was built between 1804 and 1815 and commands extensive views of the town, harbour and castle. The unification of Germany and the perceived threat of Napoleon III, coupled with advances in gunnery and the launch of La Gloire, the first ironclad vessel, led, in 1859, to a review the state of England's fortifications. It was recommended that work continue to complete, deepen and revet the North and South Lines, to add flank defences to the Drop Redoubt, construct officers' accommodation within the Citadel and add an advanced work on the high ground at its western side. The Citadel and the Drop Redoubt were also to be made intervisible and the resultant landscaping necessitated the removal of the top of the ridge, with the excavated chalk used to increase the angle of the scarps beyond the lines. The completed lines stretch for almost 12km and consist of 9m wide ditches cut to a depth of between 9m and 15m into the natural chalk.

The remains represent the largest, most elaborate and impressive surviving example of early 19th century in England. Together with other contemporary defensive works at Archcliffe Fort, Fort Burgoyne and Dover Castle, Western Heights provides an insight into the continuing military importance of Dover during the 19th and 20th centuries. In addition, the Roman lighthouse, the medieval chapel and the field terracing will retain archaeological remains relating to the earlier occupation of the hilltop. The use of parts of the monument for recreational activities and the provision of history and nature trails give it importance as a public amenity and a valuable educational resource.

2.2.2 There are thirteen Scheduled Monuments within 1.5km of the site, several of which relate to the defence of Dover as a vulnerable coastal port and town of great strategic importance from at least the Roman times to the Second World War. The Scheduled

9 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Monuments includes part of the second century Roman Fort of the Classis Britannica (NHLE: 1012478) in Dover town centre, the multi-period remains at Dover Castle (NHLE: 1019075) spanning the Iron Age, Roman, Saxon, medieval, Tudor, Napoleonic and World War periods, the Tudor and 17th century fortifications at Archcliffe Fort (NHLE: 1016420), for the immediate defence of the port and town, and the 19th century Royal Commission fortifications at Fort Burgoyne (NHLE: 1004224). A further two monuments also preserve the remains of a of the 3rd century Saxon Shore Fort on Queen Street (NHLE: 1004190) and a twin-gun emplacement housing Armstrong guns on Admiralty Pier (NHLE: 1004209). Together with the remains at Western Heights, this concentration of military designation gives a flavour of Dover’s defensive importance and its somewhat unique military history. Further details of these Scheduled Monuments are provided in Appendix 5.

Listed buildings

2.2.3 Listed Buildings within 500m of the site are shown on Figure HL03. The area within the site boundary contains four, Grade II, Listed Buildings. Two are located within the scheduled area of the Western Heights namely, the Citadel’s Officers’ Quarters (listed as the ‘Administration Block, Dover Young Offenders’ Institution’, NHLE: 1375598), and the ‘Grand Shaft stairs and attached railings’ (NHLE: 1375599) at the former Grand Shaft Barracks site. The site boundary also includes Snargate Street at the base of the south- eastern cliffs and numbers 143 and 144 (NHLE: 1363214; 1258947) are Listed Buildings comprising houses and shops dating to the early 19th century. A summary of the Historic England listing descriptions for these buildings is provided below, the full citations can be found in Appendix 4.

° The former Officers’ Quarters building at the Citadel was built in 1861 by the Inspector General of Fortifications. It served as quarters and mess, as well as a keep of last resort. It is of 2-storeys in red brick with limestone dressings and a flat, bomb proof earth-filled roof. Built in the gothic-revival style, it features mock- Tudor arched windows and door surrounds. The end walls each have large clasping buttresses and are divided into three bays with central, splayed gun ports ° The Grand Shaft Stairs and Attached Railings were designed between 1803 and 1805 by Col. William Twiss. They consist of three concentric flights of stairs arranged around an open shaft. The stairs provide access between the shore at Snargate Street, and the former parade ground associated with the Grand Shaft Barracks (now demolished) on the hill top. The barracks was also constructed in around 1804. The three flights of stairs were designed to allow for rapid deployment of troops from the Western Heights to the harbour and town in the event of an invasion (and to allow for a secure route of retreat to the fortress). Once the threat of invasion had diminished a popular theory states that they were segregated for the use of ‘gentlemen and their ladies’, ‘sergeants and their wives’ and ‘soldiers and their women’. They are a unique piece of military engineering. ° 143 Snargate Street and 144 Snargate Street are both brick-built, 3-storey, early 19th century houses with early 20th century shops on the ground floor. Both

10 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

have bowed windows on the first and second floors, whilst number 143 has hipped dormers onto a hipped roof and number 144 has two flat-roofed dormers onto a gambrel roof level. Both have interlocking concrete tiled roof coverings.

2.2.4 The Listed Buildings in the vicinity of the site relate mainly to the harbour and town. In the town, to its north-east side, the listings reflecting some of its surviving medieval buildings and its later development, ranging from the Grade I Listed Maison Dieu with its 13th century origins, to the Grade II Listed Second World War Air Raid Warden’s post at Dover Priory station. The modern-day harbour to the south-east of the Western Heights is a relatively modern construct, being built as a ‘harbour of refuge’ and completed in 1909. The harbour at the time of the fortification's construction was smaller and primarily focussed around the basins and inner harbour of the Western Docks. The Grade II Listed Wellington Dock opposite Snargate Street sits in the approximate location of the Great Pent marked on maps in the 16th century. Admiralty Pier, Prince of Wales Pier and the southern breakwater are all Listed Buildings, alongside the cruise terminal and the custom’s watch house. The collection highlights the importance of the port to the town and the importance of both to the setting of the Western Heights. Further details of these Listed Building are provided in Appendix 5.

Conservation Areas

2.2.5 The majority of the site is covered by the Western Heights Conservation Area which is more extensive than the Scheduled Monument, and includes all of the buildings on the Western Heights, where the Scheduled Monument does not. A small portion of the Conservation Area lies beyond the boundary of the site on its north-east side. The Western Heights Built Heritage Conservation Framework (2012) sits in place of a Conservation Area Appraisal for the Western Heights and provides detail of its significance and recommendations for future management and enhancement of the area.

2.2.6 Other Conservation Areas in the vicinity of the site include Dover Town Centre, Waterloo Crescent, Dover College, Charlton Green, Dour Street, London Road and Dover Castle. These Conservation Areas are shown on Figures HL03 & HL06 and the presence of the Western Heights monument in close proximity to these areas is likely to have some influence on their settings.

Protected Military Remains

2.2.7 Protected military remains are shown on Figure HL07. There are five such sites within 1.5km of the site, detailing the wreckage of a Boulton Paul Defiant, two Hawker Hurricanes and two Supermarine Spitfires, all of which crashed in 1940, most with loss of life. Further details of these protected military remains are provided in Appendix 5.

Heritage Coasts

2.2.8 The coastline either side of Dover harbour is defined as Heritage Coast. To the south, and 0.4km south-west of the site, is Dover- heritage coast, and to the north-

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east, and 1.4km from the site boundary, is South Foreland heritage coast. Heritage coasts are protected through development control within the planning system. Paragraph 114 of the National Planning Policy Framework (March 2012) states that local authorities should: ‘maintain the character of the undeveloped coast, protecting and enhancing its distinctive landscapes, particularly in areas defined as heritage coast’.

Non-designated Heritage Assets

Historic Environment Record Data

2.2.9 The non-designated assets recorded in the Kent Historic Environment Record (HER) are shown on Figures HL09-1 and HL09-2. At the time of writing the Kent HER for the Dover area is undergoing significant enhancement through the creation of an Urban Archaeological Database for Dover. There are 771 records pertaining to the area within the site and 500m of its boundary, excluding the Listed Buildings detailed above. The records within the site record the various component parts of the Western Heights monument such as the Citadel, Drop Redoubt, St Martin’s battery, Citadel Battery, the former Grand Shaft Barracks etc. but also record the locations of pillboxes and former anti-aircraft batteries within the scheduled area. Outside the scheduling, but still within the boundary of the present project, the site of the former military hospital is recorded, alongside wartime tunnels into the chalk cliffs, post-medieval building remains and excavated remains of post-medieval archaeological features and buildings.

2.2.10 Outside the boundary of the project site, the records relate to the defence of the coastline in the Second World War, with a series of pillboxes, nissen huts etc. recorded to the south and south-east of the site, and to the development of Dover town through the ages with Roman, medieval, post-medieval and industrial periods represented. Records include the routes of Roman roads, industrial-age railways, and the medieval town walls, along with findspots of several Roman coins, early-medieval coins and copper alloy brooches and medieval rings. The richness of the record, and the story that it presents, again serve to demonstrate the importance of this location throughout history. Further details of these non-designated records are provided in Appendix 5.

Archaeological Events

2.2.11 The extent and location of previous surveys and archaeological interventions in the vicinity of the site are shown on Figure HL10-1 & HL10-2. The most significant survey to have taken place within the study site was the 1996 Royal Commission for Historical Monuments of England survey of the Western Heights scheduled area, which stands as the definitive piece of field and documentary research at the site to this day. The surveys, 2-10, divide the site conveniently into its components parts as follows:

° Report 2 – The Citadel; ° Report 3 – The Drop Redoubt; ° Report 4 – The Grand Shaft Barracks; ° Report 5 – St Martin’s Battery;

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° Report 6 – The Entrances to the Fortress; ° Report 7 – The North Centre and Detached ; ° Report 8 – The Citadel Battery; ° Report 9 – The South Front Barracks and; ° Report 10 – Miscellaneous Military Structures.

2.2.12 Outside the scheduled area, but still within the study site, the most significant intervention to have taken place at the site was a major archaeological watching brief and excavation programme, undertaken by Canterbury Archaeological Trust in 1991- 1993, during construction of the A20 and works to the sewers. This work included selected building recording, investigation of the South Line of the Western Heights and the South Lines Batter, excavation of /search light emplacements and palaeoenvironmental sampling of late-glacial soils.

2.2.13 Aside from these noteworthy projects, the Western Heights was included in the Kent’s Defence Heritage Survey which included mapping its pillboxes and surveying St Martin’s Battery and the Drop Redoubt. The Grand Shaft Barracks was the subject of evaluation trenching in 1991. Although no pre-Napoleonic features were noted, the evaluation did uncover evidence of a prehistoric river valley and palaeoenvironmental deposits (Pratt 1991). Otherwise the archaeological interventions within the study site have generally consisted of watching briefs on the erection of fences in various parts of the site and interventions necessary for the installation of services such as drainage and gas works. The watching briefs have generally been carried out by Canterbury Archaeological Trust and few have uncovered significant remains. An anti-aircraft battery was recorded in 2008 and a 19th century road surface was found in 2014. Further details of these archaeological events are provided in Appendix 5.

Historic Landscape Character (HLC)

2.2.14 The Historic Landscape Character (HLC) information contained in the Kent Historic Environment Record is a broad survey of the landscape showing the historical development of its present landscape character. Within the project five distinct character areas are recorded as follows:

° Downland; ° Prison; ° Post-medieval (1500-1830); ° Industrial complexes and factories and; ° Post-1810 settlement.

Further explanation of this data is provided in three accompanying reports, but the scale of the character mapping is of limited assistance in a focused study such as the present project.

2.2.15 Outside the site the HLC demonstrates the extent of the town in 1810 and its expansion post-1810, as well as highlighting the dockyards, and Dover Castle on the hill to the

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east. To the west of the Western Heights the HLC data also shows how the development of the landscape character in this area has responded to its topography, with the chalk ridges to the south-west of the site clearly discernible as a mix of downland areas and enclosure field systems. Further details of the Historic Landscape Character areas are provided in Appendix 5.

2.3 Landscape Baseline Landscape Description

Landscape of the study area

2.3.1 Dover is situated at the mouth of the River Dour, which flows south-easterly towards the coast in a short, but deeply incised, valley. To the south-west of the main Dour Valley are a series of side valleys, each running broadly south-west to north-east, and separated by steep sided spurs of high ground that reach to some 150m AOD. The Western Heights is located on the north-eastern end of the southernmost of these.

2.3.2 The urban area of Dover lies to the north and east of the site, filling the valley bottom and the lower slopes of the valley’s sides. Dover harbour lies a short distance to the east while to the south the site is separated from the coastline by the A20 dual- carriageway and a railway line. On the opposite, eastern, side of Dover town the opposing hilltop is occupied by Dover Castle and Fort Burgoyne. The Kent Downs AONB lies to the west of the site which primarily consists of exposed open fields on the ridgelines, scattered farmsteads, woodland strips along the steep valley sides and smaller enclosed fields in the valley bottoms.

The landscape of the site

2.3.3 The site covers the end of a prominent spur overlooking Dover and its harbour. The site covers the steep slopes from just above sea level to the top of the ridgeline at approximately 125m AOD towards the west of the site. To the south, north and north- east the slopes are predominately grassland with scrub vegetation, while the eastern slopes are strongly wooded.

2.3.4 The Western Heights fortifications occupy the broad ridge top and are surrounded by a wall lined dry ditch. The Citadel lies on the high point of the site at the south-western end, with Drop Redoubt occupying the north-eastern end and overlooking Dover. Modern housing and playing fields occupy much of the area between these two features. The site is accessed by the North and South Military Roads, which run approximately from the north-east to the south of the site. The north-eastern half of the fortifications is predominately covered in vegetation while the south-western part is predominately open.

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Features of the site

2.3.5 The Western Heights fortifications are the primary feature of the site, these consists of a network of large wall lined ditches, referred to as ‘lines’, the Citadel to the south-west of the site and the Drop Redoubt fort to the north-east. The lines connect defensive bastions around the perimeter of the fortifications, several of which are overgrown.

2.3.6 The Citadel is densely populated by buildings that were part of a former immigration removal centre, to which there is no public access. Between the Citadel and Drop Redoubt are several landscaped terraces, on two of which are areas of modern residential housing, open space and playing fields occupies the spaces between. The south-eastern part of the site, at the foot of the steep bank, is occupied by industrial units.

Landscape Character

National landscape character assessment

2.3.7 The desk study has made reference to National Character Areas for England3. National Character Areas (NCAs) divide England into 159 distinct natural areas. The new NCA profiles update the previously published Joint Character Area (JCAs) and Countryside Character Area descriptions (1998-1999 by the Countryside Agency). Each NCA ‘is defined by a unique combination of landscape, biodiversity, geodiversity and cultural and economic activity. Their boundaries follow natural lines in the landscape rather than administrative boundaries, making them a good decision making framework for the natural environment.’

2.3.8 The site is located within National Character Area 119: North Downs. The NCA forms a chain of chalk hills extending from the Hog’s Back in Surrey and ending dramatically at the internationally renowned . Key characteristics relevant to the site are:

° Cretaceous Chalk forms the backbone of the North Downs. A distinctive chalk downland ridge rises up from the surrounding land, with a steep scarp slope to the south providing extensive views across Kent, Surrey and Sussex and across the Channel seascape to France. ° The broad dip slope gradually drops towards the Thames and the . The carved topography provides a series of dry valleys, ridges and plateaux. ° Chalk soils are predominant across the NCA but the upper part of the dip slope is capped by extensive clay-with-flint deposits. Patches of clay and sandy soils also occur with coombe deposits common in dry valleys. ° The North Downs end at the dramatic White Cliffs of Dover, one of the country’s most distinctive and famous landmarks. Most of the coast between Kingsdown

3 National Character Area Profile - Character Area 119: North Downs, Natural England, 2013

15 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

and Folkestone is unprotected, allowing for natural processes. The cliffs are home to internationally important maritime cliff-top and cliff-ledge vegetation. ° The area is cut by the deep valleys, the river valleys cut through the chalk ridge, providing distinctive local landscapes which contrast with the steep scarp slope. ° The south-facing scarp is incised by a number of short, bowl-shaped dry valleys, cut by periglacial streams and often referred to as coombs. The undulating topography of the dip slope has also been etched by streams and rivers, today forming dry valleys, some of which carry winterbournes that occasionally flow in the dip slope, depending on the level of the chalk aquifer. ° The footslope of the escarpment supports arable cropping, the dominant land use within the NCA. In the east, the richer, loamy soils of the lower dip slope support large tracts of mixed arable and horticultural production. ° Woodland is found primarily on the steeper slopes of the scarp, valley sides and areas of the dip slope capped with clay-with-flints. Well wooded hedgerows and shaws are an important component of the field boundaries, contributing to a strongly wooded character. Much of the woodland is ancient. ° Tracts of species-rich chalk grassland and patches of chalk heath are important downland habitats and of international importance. ° Ancient paths, drove roads and trackways, often sunken, cross the landscape and are a distinctive feature of the dip slope. Defensive structures such as castles, hill forts and Second World War installations, and historic parks, buildings and monuments are found throughout. ° Small, nucleated villages and scattered farmsteads including oasts and barns form the settlement pattern, with local flint, chalk and Wealden brick the vernacular materials.

2.3.9 Within the ‘Opportunities’ section, the following Statements of Environmental Opportunity are of relevance to the area:

° SEO 1: Manage, conserve and enhance the distinctive rural character and historic environment of the North Downs, including the long-established settlement pattern, ancient routeways and traditional buildings. Protect the tranquillity of the landscape and sensitively manage, promote and celebrate the area’s rich cultural and natural heritage, famous landmarks and views for future generations. For example, by:

° Protecting from damage the rich and varied heritage of historic buildings, settlements and sites dating from the prehistoric period onwards, including iron-age hill forts, defensive coastline installations and traditional farmsteads, and improving management, access to and sensitive interpretation of historic features. ° Conserving and appropriately managing ancient trackways such as the North Downs Way National Trail which links Dover and Guildford, and the Pilgrims’ Way which links Canterbury and Winchester; and working across sectors to promote and strengthen the network through high quality interconnecting

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routes, increasing the benefits of these routes for biodiversity, health and local businesses. ° Using AONB design guidance and understanding of the area’s traditional and historic architecture, and its distinct local materials (flint, chalk, brick, timber and tiles) and patterns of settlement, to inform appropriate conservation and use of historic buildings, and to plan for and inspire any new development which makes a positive contribution to local character. ° Seeking opportunities to minimise the impact of new developments, including visual intrusion, disturbance and noise, on the tranquillity and beauty of the countryside. Green infrastructure planning should be maximised for its multiple benefits and best practice should be shared locally.

° SEO 4: Plan to deliver integrated, well-managed multi-functional green space in existing and developing urban areas, providing social, economic and environmental benefits and reinforcing landscape character and local distinctiveness, particularly on or alongside the boundaries of the designated landscapes within the North Downs. For example, by:

° Creating high-quality, well-managed accessible natural green space within and surrounding urban areas as part of comprehensive green infrastructure planning, providing significant local recreational opportunities that meet the Accessible Natural Greenspace Standard (ANGSt) while benefiting health and wellbeing and providing habitats and green space linkages, increasing the permeability of the urban landscape to biodiversity and building on existing networks. ° Maintaining the existing downland character as a setting for new development (where allocated and approved), ensuring that this does not impact adversely on the special qualities of the designated landscapes, conserving the tranquillity and geodiversity of the area through planning and sympathetic design, in particular minimising light spill and traffic noise to retain the ‘undisturbed’ feel of parts of the NCA and enhancing local landscape character. ° Targeted planting of woodland and trees surrounding existing and new development and major transport corridors where appropriate within the existing context, helping to provide climate change adaptation and mitigation, flood alleviation, landscape character and biodiversity benefits. ° Developing a strategic approach to green infrastructure across the NCA and its boundaries to take account of the existing urban areas and proximity of the NCA to areas of growth, planning a network of green spaces in the urban and urban fringe areas and adjacent countryside.

County and District level landscape assessments

2.3.10 The site lies within the Dover District Council Landscape Character Assessment (2006) area, however as it lies between the edge of urban Dover and The Kent Downs

17 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

AONB it has been screened out of the assessment as ‘it is considered that the complexity of work involved here would require a separate study’. The assessment acknowledges that ‘changes at the urban fringe can have profound impacts on local landscapes’.

2.3.11 The most recently published Landscape Character Assessment of relevance to the site is The Landscape Assessment of Kent, which was published in 2004. The site is located within an area classified as settlement, although the western site boundary abuts the Landscape Character Area Kent Downs – Alkham: East Kent Downs.

2.3.12 Alkham, which lies within the larger character area of the East Kent Downs, is described as being ‘dominated by the long ridges and isolated valleys, which feed into the Dour Valley. Near the coast, the ridges become increasingly narrower and the valleys closer. There are fewer woodlands here than in the west, and most occur on the steep valley slopes, where cultivation has been uneconomic. Many, therefore, are very old and of high nature conservation value. Few are actively managed. Much of the hedgerow network on the plateau, which was largely a 19th century creation, is being replaced by post and wire fence, so that gradually the former unenclosed landscape is being unintentionally recreated. The decaying hedges, derelict buildings and abandoned farm machinery which also occur in this are further signs of a landscape under economic stress.’

2.3.13 ‘The condition of this area is affected by the negative impact of 20th century farmsteads, residential areas and the linear development of villages along access roads. However, the extant open hill-top fields and pockets of scrub and naturalistic vegetation restore an element of functional integrity to the area.’

2.3.14 The summary of landscape actions is to conserve and create:

° Conserve unimproved grasslands and pastures ° Conserve and create open grassland areas ° Conserve existing woodlands ° Create woodland on steeper valley slopes ° Create design code for farmsteads

Seascape Character

2.3.15 The site is included in the area covered by the Seascape Character Assessment for the Dover Strait, prepared by LUC for Kent County Council in 2013. The majority of the site lies within seascape character area (SCA) C3A: Dover Port, Harbour and Historic Defences, the westernmost part of the site lies in seascape character area C1D: Shakespeare and Abbot’s Cliffs.

2.3.16 SCA C3A comprises the , the Eastern Docks (ferry terminal), Western Docks, plus a small area to the west encompassing the docks and seafront development. The distinctive backdrop of defended hills at Dover Castle and the

18 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Western Heights, overlooking the port, form prominent features in the view from the sea. The white cliffs afford iconic views across the Strait to a clear silhouette of the French Coast. The frequent movement of ferries in and out of the port and across the main shipping channels is a dominant visible and audible feature; the offloading of cars and freight onto the road network creates a busy seascape of constant movement. The views of the White Cliffs from ships leaving Dover and returning to England are a deeply held symbol of national identity.

2.3.17 Cultural / historic influences include:

° Skyline dominated by Dover Castle strategically located overlooking the town below – long forming an important land and navigation mark – perpetuating the role of the Roman lighthouse and symbolic of the successive invasion and defence of the British Isles; ° Huge scale and complexity of fortified hills above Dover at the Western Heights built as protection from Napoleonic invasion including miles of tunnels constructed in the chalk bedrock as barracks; ° World War II front line fortifications and defences at Dover Castle and the Western Heights;

2.3.18 SCA C1D extends inland to cover the upper slopes of chalk downland backing the cliffs, broadly following the route of the old Folkestone Road. To the east of the SCA lies the busy port and settlement of Dover. The SCA includes the SSSI designated vegetated chalk cliffs above Samphire Hoe, and chalk reefs, gullies and boulders beneath shallow coastal waters create varied marine ecosystems rich in benthic species.

2.3.19 Cultural / historic influences and aesthetic / perceptual qualities include:

° Several WWII coastal observation posts are visible along the cliff top from the sea; ° The chalk cliffs in this SCA form a close visual and cultural connection to the White Cliffs of Dover to the east, together creating an iconic setting for the port of Dover in-between; ° Shakespeare Cliff features in King Lear (Act 4, Scene 6), hence its modern name; ° Cliff tops crossed by the Saxon Shore Way Long Distance Path and North Downs National Trail [and recently, the England Coast Path], offering panoramic views across the English Channel to France.

Landscape Designations

2.3.20 Landscape designations provide an indication of landscape value. They are areas that have been recognised for qualities such as scenic beauty and the recreational potential of the landscape. Designations are shown on Figure HL13.

National Park

2.3.21 There are no national parks in the study area.

19 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Kent Downs AONB

2.3.22 The western site boundary abuts the Kent Downs AONB. In the Landform and Landscape Character section of The Kent Downs Management Plan, the 20 year vision is that in 2034 ‘the rich diversity of landscape character and qualities distinctive to the Kent Downs are protected, enhanced and managed to the highest standards in a coordinated and continual programme. The special characteristics and qualities of the Kent Downs AONB are recognised, valued and strengthened and landscape character informs land management, responses to climate change and development decisions’.

2.3.23 The AONB landform underlies the area’s natural beauty; it is complex and varied, but characterised by six key elements:

° The Chalk Ridge: The long arc of the North Downs chalk ridge is the most dominant element of the AONB, consisting of the steep, south-facing scarp slope rising above the Gault clay vale below, the open expansive plateau tops and gentle dip slopes traversed by many hidden, dry valleys. ° The White Cliffs Heritage Coast: The chalk ridge ends at the English Channel forming the Dover White Cliffs, one of the most evocative and best known British landmarks. The scale of the Kent Downs landscape is at its greatest here. ° The Greensand Ridge and Lympne escarpment: The undulating Greensand Ridge rises to one of the highest points in southeast England at 250 metres at Toy’s Hill. ° The river valleys: Further diversity is provided at the points where the three main rivers, the Darent, and the Great Stour cut through the chalk. ° Scalloped and hidden dry valleys: Dry valleys are a beautiful, greatly valued and intimate feature of much of the Kent Downs landscape and they are often criss-crossed by a maze of tiny, sunken one track lanes. The valleys often have a narrow strip of rough grassland, scrub or woodland along their steepest slopes, locally known as shaves, which are important for wildlife. ° Expansive open plateaux: North of the chalk scarp the plateaux offer huge open landscapes with a simple structure and sometimes surprising and dramatic views.

2.3.24 The main issues, opportunities and threats affecting landform and landscape character include:

° Loss of and damage to the quality of views in and out of the AONB through development and occasionally obstructing tree growth and vegetation. ° Degradation of the setting and urban fringe impacts in certain Kent Downs landscape character areas through development, infrastructure, urbanisation and recreational pressure. ° The erosion of natural beauty and special character through illegal activities particularly fly-tipping, abandoned cars and illegal off-road vehicles.

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° The opportunity to promote landscape character conservation and enhancement specifically focusing on addressing and seeking to remove or mitigate identified detractors from it.

Ecological Designations

Special Areas of Conservation

2.3.25 Dover to Kingsdown Cliffs SAC covers the White Cliffs and the grassland above them about 1.5km to the east of the site.

Sites of Special Scientific Interest

2.3.26 SSSI covers the coastline between Folkestone and Dover, coming within a short distance of the southern site boundary. The site is of is of considerable biological, geological and physiographical interest and encompasses the range of marine and terrestrial habitats associated with the chalk cliffs.

2.3.27 Just over 1.5km to the north-east of the site is Dover to Kingsdown Cliffs SSSI. The vegetation of the cliff tops consists mainly of chalk grassland interspersed with areas of scrub and the site is also an internationally important stratigraphic reference site which provides extensive and near continuous cliff and shore exposures.

Local Nature Reserve

2.3.28 The Western Heights LNR covers a strip of land on the outer slopes of the Western Heights between the site boundary and the fortifications. The reserve also extends to the south-west beyond the site boundary above Aycliff. Whinless Down LNR and LNR are situated on the Whinless Down ridge top approximately 1km to the north of the site.

Public Access

Public rights of way

2.3.29 A public footpath runs just inside the northern site boundary from the ridge top on the south-westernmost point of the site until it joins the North Military Road. There are no other public rights of way within the site boundary although a public footpath runs parallel to the south-western boundary. In the wider area there is a sparse but regular network of public footpaths, but very few bridleways and other routes with public access.

National trails

2.3.30 The North Downs Way and the England Coast Path both cross the site, entering it from Aycliff to the south, following a footpath north-east parallel to the South Military Road, looping around the north side of Drop Redoubt and then dropping down towards Dover from the easternmost point of the site.

21 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Access land

2.3.31 The grassland slopes between the fortifications and the site boundary along the northern, north-eastern and south-western sides of the site are access land. In the wider area, the ends of all the ridge tops around Dover each have areas of access land, providing public access to the highest points around the settlement.

National cycle routes

2.3.32 NCR 2 Dover to St. Austell runs parallel and close to the south-eastern site boundary. Local cycle route 17, which connects Dover to Folkestone, passes close to the northern site boundary.

Visual Amenity

2.3.33 Preliminary Zones of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) have been prepared to assist the understanding of the interrelationship of the site with the surrounding landscape through investigation of areas with intervisibility with the site. A grid of points was set up across the site to determine the areas of potential visibility on the ZTV, shown on Figures HL24 & HL25. The ZTVs show areas from which there is a theoretical line of sight towards some part of the site. Routes and areas of public access, and landscape, historical and ecological designations are marked on the ZTVs.

2.3.34 The first ZTV is of the “bare earth” model, that is, it does not take into account any vegetation, buildings, etc that might interrupt visibility. The second ZTV incorporates Ordnance Survey data for built up areas and blocks of vegetation and broadly illustrates the degree screening currently provided by these features.

2.3.35 Analysis of the important landscape and historic components of the site and its context and the ZTVs will inform the visual analyses and viewpoint selection.

Landscape baseline summary

2.3.36 The following elements of the landscape baseline are relevant to the landscape character and consideration of visual amenity:

Landscape character

° The landscape character assessments of the area describe it as being cut by deep valleys, the river valleys cut through the chalk ridge, providing distinctive local landform which contrast with the steep scarp slope; ° SEO1 of NCA119 seeks to manage, conserve and enhance the distinctive rural character and historic environment of the North Downs and to protect the tranquillity of the landscape and sensitively manage, promote and celebrate the area’s rich cultural and natural heritage, famous landmarks and views for future generations;

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° SEO 4 is to plan to deliver integrated, well-managed multi-functional green space in existing and developing urban areas, and reinforcing landscape character and local distinctiveness, particularly on or alongside the boundaries of the designated landscapes within the North Downs; ° Sites designated for ecological or habitat reasons are an indicator of landscape value and should not be adversely affected by any proposals for the site; ° The condition of this area is affected by the negative impact of 20th century development. However, the extant open hill-top fields and pockets of scrub and naturalistic vegetation restore an element of functional integrity to the area; ° Features of the landscape which make a notable contribution to the character of the area should be retained and enhanced; ° To ensure the rich diversity of landscape character and qualities distinctive to the Kent Downs AONB are protected, enhanced and managed to the highest standards in a coordinated and continual programme and that the special characteristics and qualities of the Kent Downs AONB are recognised, valued and strengthened and consideration of landscape character informs land management;

Historic landscape (refer also to heritage baseline in Section 2.2)

° One of the primary functions of the fortification’s design was to protect Dover Harbour from landward attack from the west, the Citadel’s position enabling it to overlook the ridgelines to the west; ° The intervisibility between the Citadel in the south-west of the site and Drop Redoubt in the north-east is an integral part of the design of the fortifications; ° The Roman lighthouse, medieval chapel and the field terracing retain links to the archaeological remains relating to the earlier occupation of the hilltop; ° The setting of the two Listed Buildings within the Western Heights, the Officers’ Quarters and the Grand Shaft, should be given careful consideration. As should the two Listed Buildings and the folly on Snargate Street; ° The nearby Shakespeare Cliff is of literary importance due to it featuring in King Lear (Act 4, Scene 6).

Visual amenity

° The ZTVs indicate that the mature woodland on the steep scarp slopes, just below the ridgeline on the spurs to the north of the site, a characteristic feature of the area, screen visibility of the site from the open ridgeline tops; ° Several national trails and long distance footpaths cross the area to take advantage of the panoramic views across the English Channel to France; ° The distinctive backdrop of defended hills at Dover Castle and the Western Heights, overlooking the port, form prominent features in the view from the sea.

23 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

2.4 Historic & Landscape Character Assessment Historical Development of Western Heights

2.4.1 A summary of the development of the built heritage on the Western Heights is presented in the following section. This is based on a review of the RCHME survey reports 2-10 outlined in Section 2.2.11, the Built Heritage Conservation Framework report (Gibbs 2012), an Enhanced Advisory Service Listing Screen Report for Snargate Street (Historic England 2016), archival research at the National Archives and a review of historic maps and plans of the site. This appraisal is necessarily brief for the purposes of this project and more detail can be found in these previous research and assessment reports.

Development pre-1780

2.4.2 Between AD 117 and AD140 two lighthouses were constructed on the cliffs to the west and east of the River Dour. The Dour valley was of significance as the newly built fort of the Classis Britannica (the Roman fleet in British Waters) was situated there, on the north-eastern slope of the Western Heights, with an extensive civilian settlement growing to its north side.

2.4.3 The western lighthouse, or Pharos, was located within the area of the Western Heights, in the location of the Drop Redoubt. It is thought to have been polygonal in plan and constructed of a range of materials including tufa, Kentish ragstone, tile and brick. The extent of use of the remainder of the western clifftop in the Roman period is not known, although it is unlikely to have been in intensive use.

2.4.4 By the later Roman period, the naval fort had gone out of use and was replaced by a larger Shore Fort, built over the site of part of the old fort and much of the former settlement to the north as well as on land reclaimed from the harbour to the east. There is evidence for Anglo-Saxon occupation within (and extending outside of) the walls for the former Shore Fort from the 6th century onwards, including sunken featured buildings halls and a timber church. Although it is not yet clear whether occupation was continuous from the Roman period to the 6th century. Evidence of Anglo-Saxon settlement is also present within the castle site, where The Church of St Mary de Castro, constructed adjacent to the remains of the eastern Pharos, is believed to have Anglo-Saxon origins. The presumed Iron Age hillfort on this eastern hilltop may also have been reused as a burg at this time.

2.4.5 At the time of the Norman Conquest development was also focused on the eastern hilltop, where the construction of Dover Castle began and the Dour Valley where the medieval town developed. The Snar(e) Gate that gives its name to Snargate Street was the gate on the seafront at the south-western corner of the town’s medieval defences. It is probable that the western hilltop was in largely agricultural use at this time, but in the 12th century, a round church, or chapel, was constructed c.500m south-west of the

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western Pharos on the western hilltop. This had flint walls on a plinth on Caen stone with pilasters.

2.4.6 16th and 17th century artistic representations of Dover show little development of the western hilltop at this time. A 1538 depiction by John Thompson shows a large building on the hill that is too large and in the wrong location to be a depiction of the church. This building’s purpose is not known and it has not been discovered through archaeological excavation. Other 16th century views show the land as undeveloped, but clearly show the continued presence of the western Pharos which by this date was known as the Bredenstone. It was then used as the location for the swearing in of the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. These views show a haphazard collection of buildings at the foot of the cliffs along Snargate Street, which appear to be small houses in their own plots, but none of these buildings are known to survive. Snargate Street developed following the creation, in the late 15th century, of new harbour works that created ‘The Wyke’, a small bay at the base of Archcliffe Point. The bay became the focus of a new area of settlement known as Pier District. Snargate Street representing the link between the new district and the town’s medieval centre. Ribbon development along Snargate Street probably began sometime in the early 16th. The medieval Snar(e) Gate was taken down in 1683.

2.4.7 The earliest map consulted that shows the area of the Western Heights is a plan of the town, harbour and fortifications of Dover, dated 1737 (NA: MPH 1/355). It shows no fortifications on the western hilltop. The Pharos is depicted, labelled as ‘Devil’s Drop’ and it lies within a large land parcel bordered by a hedge line. To the west of the hedge line the land appears to be under cultivation, and to the northern side of it the line of Folkestone road is shown with cultivation beyond. A burial ground is also labelled at the south-west end of the site to the north of Archcliffe Fort. The depiction of Snargate Street on this map is a stylised view of densely packed buildings lining the base of the cliffs with an opposing line of buildings on the south side of the street.

2.4.8 When war broke out in 1778 between Britain and France, during the American War of Independence (1775-83), defences in Britain were strengthened due to the increased prospect of a French invasion. Until the late 1770s, the possibility of a flanking attack on Dover from the west had not been regarded as a sufficient threat to justify the fortification of the high ground on the west side of the town. In the 1770s, however with advances made in weapons technology, the strategic importance of the western hilltop was recognised. It represented the ideal location for an enemy force to secure in order to bombard the castle on the opposite hilltop with heavy guns. The castle was paramount to the defence of Dover town and the route through it to London, via Watling Street. The fortification of the western hilltop, against enemy occupation, therefore became a priority. Fieldworks and batteries were constructed on the western hilltop in the 1770s, but in 1780-1 a much more ambitious scheme was devised.

2.4.9 Against this backdrop the development of Dover continued, and in 1778 the inhabitants of the town obtained an Act of Parliament for the ‘better paving, lighting, and watching,

25 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

the streets and lanes within its liberties’. This is likely to have led to the creation of the layout at Snargate that is recognisable today. Several insurance documents taken out at this date record ‘newly-built premises’ on the street. The two Listed Buildings recorded within the site, numbers 143 and 144, date to the late 18th or early 19th century and further late 18th century examples may be numbers 115, 121 and 142.

Development by Lieutenant Thomas Hyde Page - 1780-1800

2.4.10 Lieutenant Thomas Hyde Page (Commanding Royal Engineer Eastern Coastal District) drew up designs for a scheme of two forts on the Western Heights; a larger one at the western end of the ridge, the Citadel; and a smaller four-sided fort at the eastern edge of the ridge, the Drop Redoubt. The two forts were intended to act together and there a series of detached proposed between the forts and to the west of the Citadel. Initial designs for the forts were revised in a series of three proposed plans dating from 1780-84, the changes in the proposals included realigning the Drop Redoubt to eliminate some blind areas covering the harbour that would have been created in the original scheme.

2.4.11 In 1787 a plan of works executed at the Western Heights was produced by Lieutenant Lewis Hay (NA: MPHH 1/248/6). This is the earliest map to depict the ‘as built’ fortifications and it shows the Citadel with several detached outworks to its east and west sides. The Citadel occupied c.24 acres and contained three guard houses. The Drop Redoubt is depicted as broken ground, suggesting that the outline of the fort, at least, had been established by that date. A guard house is shown in the interior of the fort. The Pharos is not shown on the plan and it is likely that the creation of the Drop Redoubt buried the remains of this feature. At this time the high road from Folkestone to Dover ran across the top of the ridge, through the Citadel, and a road also ran up the slope from the seafront to the west side of Archcliffe Fort to meet it.

2.4.12 Funds continued to be spent on the Western Heights up until 1796 when expenditure ceased, despite a heightened threat of invasion at this time.

Development by Lieutenant Colonel William Twiss and Captain William Ford - 1804-1815

2.4.13 In 1803 a committee comprising Lieutenant Colonel William Twiss, General Morse and General d’Aubant and Captain William Ford exchanged letters regarding the approach to further securing the Western Heights in light of increased threat of invasion. The idea presented by William Ford was to use the existing fortifications as the basis for a further system of entrenchment, whereby the existing forts would be linked by field works and the addition of the North Centre Bastion, to cover dead ground between the two. All three forts were designed to work independently of each other, but also as a set. The three forts were to be linked by lines comprising a ditch and profiled with a banquette. The result would be secure defensible base for a large number of troops. Ford’s designs were implemented over the course of the following twelve years.

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2.4.14 Alterations to the Citadel included the permanent revetment of its western, northern and southern sides and the creation of casemated barracks, with gun rooms, within the ditch lines. The southern salient was straightened and a , created between two ditch lines to the south of the fort, whilst the northern end of the fort was remodelled into the three-tiered North-West Bastion. This was intended to provide flanking fire along the newly constructed North Lines. Within the fort a series of twelve gun positions were added to the western terre-plein and in 1813 the three guard houses built in the 1780s were removed, the only buildings remaining within the fort were then a temporary barracks created there in 1805.

2.4.15 Alterations to the Drop Redoubt included remodelling the four-sided fort into a pentagonal redoubt and heightening the ramparts and deepening the ditches. Twelve gun positions were created on the terre-plein covering all sides of the redoubt bar the south side. Inside the redoubt soldiers’ quarters, a main magazine, and a new guard house were created and the old guard house from the 1780s was demolished to create an open parade ground.

2.4.16 The newly created North Centre Bastion was constructed midway between the Citadel and Drop Redoubt on a short natural spur, in the position of one of Hyde Page’s detached outworks. It was designed to defend the land front and provide flanking fire along the newly constructed lines linking the three forts. It comprised two tiers of defence, an inner and outer bastion, both of which could be defended independently. The bastion had six gun positions, two on the east and west sides, and one on each salient angle of the northern face.

2.4.17 The North Lines, North-East Line, North Entrance, South Lines and South Lines Bridge were also constructed at this time, transforming the hilltop into an entrenched encampment. The North Lines were constructed as a brick and flint revetted ditch between the Drop Redoubt and the Citadel, whilst the North-East Line closed the gap between the Drop Redoubt and the cliff edge. The North Entrance comprised a bridge over the North Lines with an elongated loop in the route from the North Military Road to ensure that it was flanked by the North Centre Bastion and the north-east flank of the North Lines. The South Lines comprised a rock-cut ditch designed to secure the south-western flank of the fortress from attack along the lower road from Folkestone. They extended from the south-east side of the Citadel southwards down the steep slope to the cliff edge, and contained a set of casemated gun rooms along their length. At the south end of the South Line a bridge over the line was constructed to allow the lower road from Folkestone to cross. This was known as the South Lines Bridge and served as the southern entrance into the fort.

2.4.18 Around the outside of the fortress the north and south slopes and slopes around the Drop Redoubt were sculpted using scarping, grading and steepening to achieve difficult angles of approach and controlled fields of fire with no blind areas, or cover.

27 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

2.4.19 The establishment of the encampment allowed for the creation of The Grand Shaft Barracks in a coomb to the south-west side of the Drop Redoubt overlooking the harbour. Terraces were cut into the sloping ground to accommodate three large barracks buildings, ancillary structures, a parade ground, and The Grand Shaft Staircase. To the west of the barracks a Military Hospital was also established in an adjacent coomb. The western side of both the barracks and the hospital are shown on later maps as having retained wooded areas, some of the once extensive vegetation that appears to have been retained within the fortress.

2.4.20 In 1815 the war between Britain and France ended and the only part of the Western Heights still garrisoned after the conflict was the Drop Redoubt. Fourteen guns and nine mortars were mounted on its terre-plein for saluting purposes. The rest of the land was let for grazing. In the peacetime that followed, Dover developed as a seaside resort with a pleasure pier, skating rink, bathing machines and seafront crescents built for hotels and apartments. The South East Railway arrived in 1844 and was used by travellers in combination with boats to and from the Continent.

2.4.21 Snargate Street was part of this story with its theatre, assembly room, libraries, shops, inns and lodgings, although these appear to have been located mainly on the seaward side of the street. It had become one of Dover’s principal thoroughfares and most of the properties were in commercial use, many of those on the northern side of the street having tunnels for storage cut into the base of the chalk cliff. Terraced gardens were created to the rear of some of the properties. Sometime after 1833, to the rear of numbers 137-140, Stephen Court and his son Rogers built terracing for vines, tea gardens and two summerhouses, and dug an extensive network of vaults into the cliffs behind, with plastered and painted walls and chalk carvings. The terracing up the cliffs was laid out as gardens, growing the different varieties of grapes for the wines they sold, and also other exotic fruit such as figs and dates. A summerhouse was built at the top of the terracing and, further along the cliff-face, they built a folly in the shape of Dover Castle silhouetted against the sky. These became tourist attractions and customers could taste-test products sitting on the terracing and have tours of the vaults. The folly mimicking Dover Castle survives to this day as a ruin.

Development by Major William Drummond Jervois - 1858-1860s

2.4.22 Between 1815 and 1858 there were periods of alarm during which time the defences of the western heights were the subject of minor improvements, but generally the period was characterised by decline. The only notable creation was Drop Battery, located to the south-east of the Drop Redoubt, this curving set of eight gun emplacements was aimed at the defence of the western docks. It should be noted that the present harbour area is of relatively modern construction, having been completed in 1909. For much of the fortress’ history the harbour was a much more intimate affair, based around the basins of the Western Docks.

2.4.23 In 1858 proposals were put forward to complete and refortify the area. The South Lines. North Lines and North-East Line were remodelled, the latter work blocked the

28 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Drop Battery’s field of fire and new circular emplacement was constructed on the North- East Line’s rampart. The North Centre Bastion was also altered, taking on its present form as the North Centre Bastion and the Detached Bastion. The Fortress Interior was re-profiled to allow for a direct line of sight between the Drop Redoubt and the Citadel. The Drop Redoubt was remodelled to include to flank its ditches and the North-East Line and a new guard room and casemated officers’ quarters were built in the interior. The remodelling of the Drop Redoubt exposed the remains of the former Roman Pharos, elements of which were then re-erected on the terre-plein as an imitation Bredenstone.

2.4.24 Alterations to the Citadel included the creation of the Western Outworks to bolster the defences on its west side. The Western Outworks enclosed a flat spur of land within irregular revetted lines, the western tip of which was formed into a double providing flanking fire along the lines and across a sally port. The lines were fitted with casemated barracks accommodation and gun rooms providing for the defence of the ditches. No buildings were constructed within the area enclosed by the outworks, but buildings were added to the interior of the Citadel at this time to provide accommodation for troops and the buildings necessary for the defence of the fort. The listed Officers’ Quarters building was constructed in 1860, providing both a barracks and mess, as well as a last resort defensive structure. The entrance to the Citadel was also moved to its current location as part of these works.

2.4.25 The North Entrance was remodelled during this phase of work in order to provide a concealed entrance with augmented defences. The new North Entrance comprised an inner and outer gate with a circuitous route between, over the North Lines and tenaille. Added to this, a new South Entrance was created to the west of the later location of St Martin’s Battery. This comprised a brick built gatehouse over a bridge where the South Military Road crossed the newly remodelled South Lines, which had gun rooms within them provide flanking fire.

2.4.26 The accommodation within the fortress was also expanded at this time with the creation of the South Front Barracks providing married soldier’s accommodations and casemated barracks within the South Lines, the erection of a church and school in the area to the north-west of centre road near the Grand Shaft Barracks, and the remodelling of the military hospital to provide further accommodation for sick and recovering troops.

Development from Fort to Mobilisation Centre – Late 19th century - First World War

2.4.27 The role of Western Heights changed after the mid-19th century from a fortress to a barracks and mobilisation centre, although it still represented a powerful fortification which had been recently and significantly enhanced. Over the latter half of the 19th century the ever-changing weapons technology and style of warfare gradually rendered many of its defences old-fashioned and, at worst, obsolete as a land fortress by the early years of the 20th century.

29 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

2.4.28 In 1874 St Martin’s Battery was created as a coastal battery with three gun emplacements for the defence of the western docks and coastline. It replaced the function of the earlier Drop Battery. This was followed in 1893 by the creation of the North Lines Battery which was an extension to the Drop Redoubt’s defences, rather than a standalone battery. It was built to the west of the Drop Redoubt, with five gun emplacements, facing northwards, with a screen bank to the south side planted with a hedge and trees and containing a covered way. The guns were short-lived and were removed in 1902. The Citadel Battery and the South Front Battery were erected in 1898. Citadel Battery was located to the west of the western outworks, with emplacements for three guns aimed as counter bombardment of enemy shipping in the Channel. South Front Battery was located to the downslope from the Citadel’s southern tenaille, and had three gun emplacements protecting the harbour and port of Dover. In the Western Outworks, barracks accommodation was constructed as a series of huts, effectively limiting the field of fire from the Citadel westwards. Further barracks accommodation and married officer’s quarters were also added to the South Front Barracks at this time.

2.4.29 Aside from these additions, the late 19th century is characterised by a continual reorganisation of the fortress’s many gun positions and the redistribution of guns across the fortress depending upon where was perceived to be at greatest risk.

Developments during the First and Second World Wars

2.4.30 The outbreak of the First World War does not appear to have resulted in many changes within the Western Heights and its purpose remained focused on accommodation of troops and parades continued to take place within the fortress interior. The fortress’s gun positions were armed as far as possible, and one anti-aircraft gun was established at the Citadel.

2.4.31 In the interwar period investment was directed at improving the standard of living provided within the fortress with changes made to cooking and dining arrangements, recreation facilities, educational establishments and water storage, together with a remodelling of the married soldier’s quarters and the Officer’s Quarters building within the Citadel. At Snargate Street, the Commercial Quay improvement scheme in 1928 led to a number of buildings being demolished at its western end and, importantly, the seaward side of the street was removed at this time.

2.4.32 During the Second World War a heavy anti-aircraft battery was constructed to the east of the Citadel and a light anti-aircraft battery was created off the North Military Road. St Martin’s Battery was remodelled into one of Churchill’s ‘Emergency Batteries’ at this time, its purpose remained the same but its emplacements were substantially modified. A series of pillboxes were constructed across the fortress comprising four Type 23 pillboxes and fifteen Pagoda Pillboxes. These were scattered to cover to the approaches to the fortress. Only twelve of these pillboxes survive.

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2.4.33 The Citadel and Western Outworks continued to provide accommodation for troops stationed at the Western Heights and those manning the anti-aircraft and coastal batteries. Some hutments were constructed in the Fortress Interior to the east of the Citadel to facilitate this. At the Grand Shaft Barracks some buildings were demolished and nissen huts were erected in their place and a large, underground, bomb-proof shelter was also constructed at the southern-western end of the barracks. Aerial photographs from the 1940s also detail some bomb damage at the site, within the South Front Barracks and the North-East Line. Several buildings on Snargate Street were also lost to damage from bombing and shelling during the Second World War and their post-war replacements are easily identifiable, whilst some plots are vacant to this day.

Development post-wartime

2.4.34 The end of the Second World War saw the gradual withdrawal of the military from the Western Heights and marks the beginning of a protracted period of demolition and decline. Aerial photographs of the Western Heights, dated 1939, give some idea of how the fortress may have appeared when active military involvement ceased after the Second World War (Figure HL19-16). They illustrate the scale of changes that have taken place at the fortress since this date, both in terms of removal, infilling and replacement of structures and defensive features, as well as the encroachment of vegetation across the monument.

2.4.35 Most of the buildings within the Citadel and Drop Redoubt were dismantled in the late 1940s and 1950s. In 1954 the Citadel and most of the Western Outworks were transferred to the Prison Commissioners. Its subsequent uses as a Borstal, Young Offenders Institution and Immigration Removal Centre necessitated remodelling of the Citadel’s terre-plein and the erection of new buildings within the interior of both areas. The Citadel’s former parade ground is now almost entirely built over. These modern buildings are a prominent feature in views towards and within the study site, undermining the intended ‘hidden’ nature of this type of fortification. The Scheduled Monument Description for the Western Heights notes that all standing buildings within the Citadel and Western Outworks are excluded from the scheduling, but the ground beneath them is included.

2.4.36 The ditches of the Western Outworks were used as a landfill site and some of the Second World War structures associated with Citadel Battery, to its west side, were demolished. In the Fortress Interior an arc of houses were constructed immediately to the east of where the hutment barracks had been located during the Second World War. In the late 1950s the War Office demolished most of the South Lines , the adjoining caponier and most of the South Front Barracks. Some buildings on Citadel Road were retained and put to new uses and in the 1960s some houses were constructed in the place of the former barracks. In the 1960s the War Office also demolished the church and school north-west of Centre Road and these were replaced by houses by 1969.

31 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

2.4.37 Most of the fortress was designated as a Scheduled Monument in 1962 and it was at this time the sale of parts of the fortress to the Dover Corporation took place. The entrance into the fortress was remodelled by cutting a new access through the North Lines to circumvent the complicated route of access through the North Entrance. The original route remains fossilised within the monument. In 1964-9 The South Entrance, most of the Grand Shaft Barracks, the gateway and guard room at the base of the Grand Shaft Staircase, the Military Hospital and the Married Soldiers Quarters were demolished and most of the South Lines were in filled.

2.4.38 In 1968, however, the remains of the Roman Pharos, round church, North Centre Bastion, Detached Bastion, Drop Redoubt, the section of the North Line between the two and the North-East Line were transferred ultimately to English Heritage, securing their preservation for the future.

2.4.39 Between the 1970s and the present day the story of decline, demolition, and selected redevelopment has continued and in the meantime vegetation has been allowed to encroach upon the monument and threatens to cause significant structural damage, as well as obscuring the understanding of the asset’s significance. Fragmented ownership exacerbates the problem, although the elements of the fortress owned by English Heritage are under active management, supported by the White Cliffs Countryside Partnership and the Western Heights Preservation Society, and the Citadel is now disused, but actively managed by the Ministry of Justice.

Landscape character of Western Heights

2.4.40 The Dover Western Heights Masterplan (2015) describes the site:

° The Western Heights fortifications are located along the crest of a steep chalk ridge, directly to the west of Dover town centre and overlooking the harbour. They are designated as a Scheduled Monument. Parts - the Citadel’s Officers’ Quarters and the Grand Shaft - are Grade II Listed Buildings and the whole site is designated a Conservation Area. The fortifications represent one of the largest and most elaborate surviving examples of nineteenth century fortifications in England. They evidence an exceptional record of continuous military occupation over a period of some 170 years, which is unique in scale in the UK. ° Since the Second World War (WWII), following the departure of the military, the fortifications have fallen into disrepair, decline and invasion by scrub and woodland. Demolition and vandalism have added to the general aura of neglect. The Scheduled Monument is now on the Historic England ‘At Risk’ register and is identified in the top ten priority sites in the south-east. ° The sweeping and impressive views from the ridge-top location, both landward and seaward, are a key feature, although obscured in parts by colonising woodland. The broad expanse of green slopes around the monument forms a notable backdrop to the town, making a key contribution to Dover’s urban identity and providing large areas of open space.

32 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

2.4.41 The study site extends to the boundary of settlement along the northern and southern boundaries. The south-eastern boundary includes industrial buildings adjacent to the A20 at Archcliffe Business Park and properties along Snargate Street are included to the east. An overgrown cemetery with mature trees borders the easternmost site boundary, separating it from the residential area.

2.4.42 While the fortifications were operational, the slopes and defences were generally free from scrub and woodland growth, providing uninterrupted views of the surrounding landscape and seascape. However, the facility has been out of military use since after WWII and the fortifications have fallen into disrepair, with many parts becoming enveloped with vegetation. In the 1960s many of the military buildings on the site, including the Grand Shaft Barracks, were demolished and parts of the Fortress Interior were developed for housing, altering the character of the site’s interior. The Citadel was in use by the Ministry of Justice until recently, merging original defensive features and buildings with modern development.

2.4.43 Today the character of the site varies throughout, depending on the dominant local influences defined by buildings and/or vegetation. The secure Citadel with its deep maintained lines and military style buildings still evokes a sense of the site’s intended defensive qualities. This is also true for Drop Redoubt although, as it is no longer in use, the impression is less formidable. The overgrown nature of the remaining lines has diminished their impact on the surrounding landscape. The Fortress Interior, which primarily consists of the three large flat platforms between the Citadel and Drop Redoubt, is fragmented by modern housing and tree lines, creating several distinct spaces and losing the original open character of the area.

2.4.44 To the north-east of the area, the site of the former Grand Shaft Barracks had become wooded by the 1960s. This was cleared in 1999, but since then it has been allowed to become colonised by rough grass and scrub, surrounded by woodland, generating a character that is enclosed and isolated from the rest of the fortifications and at odds with its original design. The built up area along the study site’s south-eastern boundary is divided into two: Snargate is to the north and its buildings have retained a mixed use and irregular character, whereas the industrial area to the south consists of large buildings sitting on excavated platforms. These are separated from the rest of the site by a steep and wooded slope, but still sit uneasily into the character of the site, instead sharing characteristics with the modern port in the other direction.

2.4.45 The Defensive Slopes that surround the site would have been maintained free of tree and scrub vegetation while the fortifications were in use. Since the military use of the site has ceased, these grassland areas have become increasingly colonised with woody vegetation, resulting in large areas of scrub interspersed with trees and occasional copses. The vegetation greatly diminishes the setting of the fortifications as it decreases the impact of its hill top position, as well as reducing the impression of the scale of the site, as the trees serve to divide it into separate smaller elements rather than it being read as one large entity.

33 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Landscape Condition

2.4.46 In order to assess the current landscape condition of the Western Heights, the landscape of the site can be divided into three broad areas:

The fortifications

2.4.47 This area covers the ridge top in the centre of the site and is separated from the steep slopes below by the deep trenches of the defensive Lines. This area can be further sub-divided into 3:

Remaining fortifications:

2.4.48 Drop Redoubt defines the north-eastern extent and the Western Outworks the west. Between these lie the Citadel, on the high point of the site towards the west, and the Detached Bastion, all connected by the North Lines. Deep-rooted vegetation is damaging the stability of many of the lines, most notably the North Lines and around the Detached Bastion, as well as obscuring views along them. The structural damage dictates that any vegetation clearance is followed by consolidation of the structural remains. The modern buildings within the Citadel are the most distinctive and easy to identify from the surrounding area of all the structures on site.

Fortress interior

2.4.49 Away from the defensive structures few buildings of military use remain, the majority having been demolished in the 1960s. Numerous small blocks of residential housing were built at this time and currently fragment the central section of the fort’s interior. Although the platforms created for parade grounds in the centre of the interior still remain, the buildings and trees in the area interrupt the sight-lines between the fortifications at either end.

Mature woodland

2.4.50 The eastern part of the site has become heavily wooded since it has fallen out of use. Trees screen the houses and many of the later military additions, including St Martin’s Battery. The modern buildings in the eastern part of the site are also screened by woodland.

Open slopes

2.4.51 The downland that covers the steep artificial slopes around the edges of the study site has remained generally untouched since the development of the fortifications, when they were deliberately kept clear of tall vegetation in order to protect the fortress’s fields of fire and to provide no opportunity of cover for an attacking force. The addition of several batteries and pillboxes in the 1940s was the most notable addition to the slopes since their initial creation. Whereas this was once maintained as open downland, it has become increasing enveloped by scrub and woodland, particularly on the lower slopes to the north and to the south of the Citadel. This vegetation has

34 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

altered the open nature of the area and obscures the artificial nature of the slopes. It also now divides it into smaller areas defined by where trees have become established.

Developed area along the A20

2.4.52 This area can be divided into two sub-areas:

Snargate Street

2.4.53 The majority of the site along the A20 lies outside of the area designated as a Scheduled Monument and a Conservation Area. Snargate Street, to the north of this area, contains a mixture of residential and commercial buildings of varying ages, but mainly of 19th century character, situated at the foot of the Western Heights escarpment.

Industrial area

2.4.54 Archcliffe Business Park, to the south-east, consists of buildings typical of an industrial estate with large units surrounded by hard standing with little provision for greenspace. Although the character of this area contrasts strongly with the rest of the site, the steep cliff that divides them is covered in mature vegetation and forms a natural buffer between the two areas. The land use of this area, and of Snargate Street, is consistent with that of the opposite side of the A20 and is in a comparable condition, although the nearby redevelopment of the Dover Western Docks may create a future contrast.

Views and Visual Relationships

Views of the study site

2.4.55 The visibility of the Western Heights from both Dover Harbour and from inland has been an important consideration for over 1800 years. Views towards the study site are important from both a landscape and heritage point of view.

2.4.56 The visibility from the sea of the pair of lighthouses built between AD 117 and 140, one on Western Heights and a second, still standing, within what is now Dover Castle, was clearly an important visual connection to guide ships to the harbour. The lighthouse situated where the Drop Redoubt was built, necessitated a clear view towards it from the harbour and the channel. As the Castle, town and Western Heights developed over the intervening centuries, this view remained of paramount importance in terms of the setting and understanding of the town and its place as a strategic defensive gateway into the British Isles. The visual contrast between the largely hidden nature of this fortification juxtaposed with the ostentatious defensive display at Dover Castle on the opposing hill in views from the sea and harbour area, also serves to demonstrate development in military tactics, and the changing roles of fortifications, from the medieval to Napoleonic times.

2.4.57 From a landscape perspective the visual interaction between Drop Redoubt and both Dover harbour and land to the north is an important relationship, as is the visibility of

35 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

the Citadel from the west. From a heritage perspective these views are also important in forming the setting of the monument and demonstrating how it would have appeared to a potential attacking force. The perceived threat to the fortress was a landward attack from the south-west, or a direct attack from the sea. This altered in the mid-19th century, when there was a shift towards a perceived threat from the landward side to the north of the fortification.

2.4.58 Also important from a heritage setting perspective is how the monument appeared in views from Dover’s other defensive structures, such as Archcliffe Fort, to the south-west of the monument, and Dover Castle and Fort Burgoyne, to the north-east. These installations were all in contemporary use and would have formed a co-ordinated defensive system, although each with its own particular functions and emphasis.

2.4.59 Scrub and semi-mature trees in the downland surrounding the monument and vegetation within the fortification’s defensive lines, and on its slopes, currently filter views towards the monument. This blurring of its edges makes it difficult to understand the full extent of the site and the form of its defences.

Views from the study site

2.4.60 Views from the study site are important from both heritage and landscape perspectives.

2.4.61 The nature of the fortification on the Western Heights and the reason for its construction dictate that views out from the study site are important in terms of the historical use of the site. The Drop Redoubt and Citadel were designed to have 360° fields of fire, so views out from both of these features are important in demonstrating the observational qualities of the monument and its military purpose. The North Centre Bastion can also be added to this, as it was designed to project the northern landwards side of the monument and the northern entrance. Views out also demonstrate the visual relationships between the Western Heights and other features of the wider landscape, such as the town, harbour and other defensive sites. They provide an opportunity for an appreciation of the distinctive local topography and the reasons for siting the Western Heights on this particular hilltop. Currently scrub and woodland within the monument and on its slopes filter views out of the monument and disguise the artificial slopes on its north and south sides which formed part of the defences, working in conjunction with the gun positions to ensure that there were no blind areas and no areas of cover available to attacking forces on approach to the fortification.

2.4.62 The demolition of the seaward side of Snargate Street in the 1920s opened out views from the remaining buildings on the opposite side of the street towards the marina and north-east towards the town and castle. These views now form part of the heritage setting of these buildings. Trees are present along the roadside opposite the buildings and, together with raised flower beds, contribute to the townscape character of this street, despite the busy A20 to its south side.

36 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

2.4.63 During the late 19th and 20th century the defences were updated with gun batteries, anti-aircraft batteries and pillboxes, dotted around the site. The views from these features demonstrate their targets, and/or what they were intended to protect, over and above protecting the fortress itself. Drop Battery, to the south of Drop Redoubt, is currently immersed in dense vegetation and has lost its views over the harbour which it was designed to defend. St Martin’s Battery, on the south-east of the site, is currently heavily screened by mature trees which restrict views to glimpses. On the westernmost point of the site is Citadel Battery, another feature that is heavily screened by encroaching scrub vegetation, either screening or heavily filtering views from it towards the sea and the ridgeline to the west.

Views within the study site

2.4.64 Views within the area are important from a heritage perspective.

2.4.65 The fortifications on the Western Heights were designed for independent and mutual defence. The Drop Redoubt and The Citadel had 360° fields of fire and in the mid-19th century the Fortress Interior was purposefully graded to provide a clear line of sight between the two fortifications. Their visual relationship is of key importance in understanding how the site functioned as an integrated fortress, but also in understanding how the two forts were intended to operate independently. The north Centre Bastion and the North-West Bastion of the Citadel were designed to provide flanking fire along the northern slopes and along the defensive lines enclosing the fortress. So views from these features across the slopes are important in demonstrating this function. Within the fortresses defensive lines casemated gun rooms and caponiers were situated throughout the defences, e.g. at the Drop Redoubt, the South Lines the Western Outworks, the North Entrance etc. in order to defend the ditches. These lines would historically have been kept free of vegetation to ensure that an attacking force could not find cover within them. Understanding of the military effectiveness of the fortress is diminished by vegetation growth within the lines, obscuring historical fields of fire. Similarly, wooded areas within the Fortress Interior screen views between the various elements of the fortress, such that it lacks coherence as one overall scheme. Modern buildings within the Fortress Interior have the same effect.

2.4.66 The North and South Entrances to the fortress were important visually in terms of demonstrating the importance placed on intimidation within the design of the fortress. The entrances were the focus of architectural embellishment, which was both aesthetically pleasing and functional defensively. The Entrances acted as areas where movement was restricted and surveyed, and where visitors would be placed at a disadvantage. The South Entrance has been demolished, although the overgrown lines to its north-west and south-east sides may remain. The North Entrance has been circumvented in the current access arrangement into the Fortress Interior, but it largely survives fossilised within the monument. The entrances were linked to the military road system that runs through the monument. Roads can act as important visual corridors,

37 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

framing views and creating an impression of the character of a place. The present road system within the fort was largely in place in c.1811 and reflects the layout of the Napoleonic fortress and the routes of movement through it. Vegetation may play a role in framing views in these areas, whilst it also obscures some of the defensive features, particularly within the defensive lines to either side of the entrances.

2.4.67 The sites of the demolished Grand Shaft Barracks, South Front Barracks and Military Hospital are still important aspects of the understanding of the overall monument, despite the loss of the buildings. The buildings in these locations were clearly orientated to take advantage of views over the harbour and coastline, whilst they would have been prominent features in views towards them from the sea and harbour. Understanding of these structures and the functioning of the monument as a permanent barracks and mobilisation centre is hampered by the loss of these buildings and the subsequent encroachment of vegetation. Restoration of views within the monument across the site of these former buildings may make a contribution to developing understanding of these areas. This is particularly the case with the terracing present in the former Grand Shaft Barracks and its relationship with the Grand Shaft Staircase and former parade ground. Scrub and some taller vegetation have been allowed to develop in this area since the buildings were demolished and further erode understanding of these features.

2.5 Vegetation overview

2.5.1 There was some tree and woodland vegetation within the Western Heights even during its main defensive period, but this was limited to particular areas, such as to the west side of the Military Hospital and the west side of Grand Shaft Barracks (presumably from 1804 onwards) and to the south side of the battery on the North Lines (from 1893 onwards). Otherwise, however, the fortress was maintained clear of vegetation, mainly through stock grazing that was managed with fenced land parcels. Since the Second World War, scrub and trees have colonised areas that historically would have been kept open. This is resulting, as noted in the appraisals above, in impeding important visual relationships both within the study site and between it and features in the wider context. One of the purposes of this study is to catalogue the significant woodlands and trees, positively and negatively, in the heritage setting and landscape of the fortress, on which to base vegetation management recommendations.

2.5.2 National Tree Map data was initially used to determine the location of vegetation on the site. Created using up to date aerial photography and colour infrared datasets combined with detailed height models, the tree map provides a comprehensive assessment of tree heights and canopy cover. This information was then verified in the field during a site visit with additional survey being undertaken to further enhance its accuracy. The resulting map (Figure HL21) provides a representation of the extents of the grassland, scrub, trees and woodland within the site.

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Ecological overview

2.5.3 Before considering the benefits or otherwise of different approaches to management or removal of existing vegetation from heritage and landscape points of view, this data, together with reference to the priority habitat map, was reviewed by an ecologist to aid in determining the importance of the trees from a habitat perspective. Trees and woodland identified as most likely to have significant ecological value were identified as well as areas where the ecology would benefit from a reduction in tree cover.

2.5.4 The defensive lines encircling the Citadel and Drop Redoubt are maintained grassland and have little ecological value and no change is proposed to these. The remaining lines and 20th century fortifications are predominately covered in immature trees and dense scrub which are likely to have a low ecological value. Their removal is therefore unlikely to result in significant adverse effects on the ecology of the site.

2.5.5 Steep slopes in the eastern part of the site and along the site boundary bordering settlement are predominately covered with trees and woodland. These are well established and their removal would have a significant impact on the ecology of the area. Their retention is recommended.

2.5.6 For the central part of the site, which includes the fortress interior and the site of the former Grand Shaft Barracks, the proposed management should depend on the ecological role of the vegetation. Removal of immature trees and scrub is likely to be ecologically beneficial, whereas where there are larger trees and woodland, management should be limited to selective thinning – following discussion with the woodland management team for the best outcome for local biodiversity.

2.5.7 The recommendations for the downland slopes, which are a lowland calcareous grassland priority habitat, is for the removal of scrub and immature trees, which would help to preserve the habitat. Where the trees are approaching, or have reached, full maturity, there would be some value in retaining them. Together, this approach would create a predominantly open landscape with occasional copses. The slopes are designated as the Western Heights Local Nature Reserve (LNR) for the chalk grassland, managed by the White Cliffs Countryside Partnership. A Local Wildlife Site overlaps the LNR but also includes the Citadel Battery and part of the Western Outworks, the North Centre Bastion and Drop Redoubt, designated for its unimproved chalk grassland.

3.0 Heritage Views and Visual Amenity

3.1.1 In order to identify locations where views are available to all or parts of Western Heights and visual links and relationships between Western Heights, its elements, and surrounding heritage and landscape context, “zones of theoretical visibility” (ZTV) were investigated. The locations and areas identified were further investigated through

39 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

viewpoint analyses, described below from both the heritage and landscape or visual amenity standpoints.

3.1.2 In the descriptions of views available in the following sections, views are identified as “heritage views” or viewpoints, prefixed by “H”, illustrating visual relationships important to the understanding of the fortifications on Western Heights, or “landscape” views or viewpoints, illustrating publicly available views illustrating the role of views of the Western Heights in the visual amenity of the area, prefixed by “L”.

Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV)

3.1.3 The computer generated Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) is based on a digital terrain model generated from a 5m grid interval derived from the Environment Agency 1m DSM LiDAR Composite dataset within the study area and the 5m grid interval Ordnance Survey OS Terrain 5® dataset for beyond the study area. The ZTV is calculated to the ground level of the study area and the user height of 2m.

3.1.4 The bare earth ZTV is based on topographic data only; minor undulations in the terrain may not be reflected in the 5m grid interval of the combined dataset. Similarly, the screening effects of surface features such as buildings and any trees or woodland are not taken into consideration during the preparation of the ZTV. The bare earth ZTVs illustrated on Figures HL24-1 to -8.

3.1.5 The screening features ZTV is based on topographic data and includes the screening effect of trees / woodland included within the study area and close proximity, are taken from the National Tree Mapping dataset © Bluesky International Limited. The buildings and woodland in a wider context are taken from the Ordnance Survey OS Open Map Local ESRI® Shapefile. The trees / woodland height has been taken from the National Tree Mapping dataset © Bluesky International Limited within the study area and close proximity and the buildings have been given a height of 7m as well as the wider context woodland blocks have been given a mean average height of 10m. The screening features ZTVs illustrated on Figures HL25-1 to -8.

3.1.6 A range of further ZTVs is illustrated as Figures HL27-1 to -5. Several of the main elements of the Western Heights site were selected for individual ZTVs to enable their potential visibility to be determined from the surrounding area, these were: the Citadel; Drop Redoubt; Fortress Interior; North Lines; and Snargate Street. A separate ZTV was also produced covering the area of the Western Heights Scheduled Monument. For each scenario, a set of ZTVs was produced to show (a) potential visibility on a bare earth model, (b) the effect of screening features (vegetation and buildings), and (c) the potential visibility with selected vegetation removed.

3.1.7 Further cumulative ZTVs were produced to indicate the intervisibility between the Western Heights and the surrounding important heritage assets of Dover Castle and Fort Burgoyne, in order to determine the location of potentially important viewpoints from where all or a combination of the sites can be seen (Figures HL28-1 & -2).

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3.1.8 Analysis of the above data was used to inform the selection of both heritage and landscape viewpoints.

3.2 Heritage Views Viewpoint Selection

3.2.1 The heritage viewpoint selection is based on a combination of the results of the following aspect of the baseline data collection:

° the understanding of the study site and its historical development and function, presented in Section 2.2 and 2.4 of this report; ° the assessment of important visual relationships and views presented in Section 2.4 of this report; ° analysis of a ZTV study area of a 3 kilometre radius from the site (Figure HL24-1 & HL25-1); and ° analysis of the further ZTVs (Figure HL24-2 to -8 & HL25-2 to -8) produced to identify the visual range of various aspects of the fortification and its surrounding heritage landscape.

3.2.2 The viewpoints selected for analysis are considered to represent the important visual relationships and views that have been identified through the course of the baseline assessment. In some cases sample views were taken to represent more extensive views, such as within the defensive lines and from the site’s numerous pillboxes. Sample locations have been chosen to represent the general fields of fire, but analysis of the view from every gun position within the fortress has not been attempted.

3.2.3 Several of the heritage viewpoints are also important viewpoints from a landscape or visual amenity perspective. Where this is the case the attributes of the view are assessed in both the heritage and landscape sections of this report.

3.2.4 The heritage viewpoints selected are outlined in Table 2-1 which also includes a short explanation detailing the reasons for selection. The heritage viewpoint locations are shown on Figures HL17 & HL18, a total of 23 views were examined and are presented to illustrate the site and its important historic views.

41 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Table 3-1 Western Heights heritage viewpoint locations VP Location Receptors represented/Reasons for selection Ref H01 From Dover Associative and visual setting relationship. (L01) Castle to Dover Castle, Western Heights and Fort Burgoyne are the Western Heights focus of the defence of Dover through the ages. Views between all three of these monuments would be important in strategic, military terms and are now also important in demonstrating the , spanning from Roman times to the modern period. Views between all three monuments allow for an appreciation of its unique landscape of military domination. The cumulative ZTV (Figures HL28- 1 & -2) illustrates how the Western Heights, Dover Castle and Fort Burgoyne worked together to provide defensive oversight of the whole of the harbour, town and landward approaches. H02 From Fort See comment on heritage photograph H01. (L03) Burgoyne to Western Heights H03 From Dover Associative and visual setting relationship. (L06) town centre to The topography of Dover allows for key views of the Castle Western Heights and Western Heights from within the town that show the military domination of the town, as well as its level of protection from attack. From within the town, the contrast between the style of fortification at Dover Castle and that on the Western Heights can be read. H04 From a break Present day setting relationship. (L15) between The break in the building line on Waterloo Crescent frames a buildings in the view of the North-East Line and Drop Redoubt on the hilltop Waterloo behind. Crescent Conservation Area towards the Western Heights H05A From Archcliffe Associative, functional and visual setting relationship. & Fort to Western The defences on the Western Heights were originally H05B Heights designed to work alongside Archcliffe Fort, but eventually (L16A made it obsolete. The fort was retained until the Western & Heights defences were complete, during which time the L16B) construction of the Western Heights and military works elsewhere in Dover was supervised from the newly- constructed Commanding Royal Engineer’s quarters in Archcliffe. The fort then continued in operation as a sea battery in peacetime. Views over Archcliffe Fort from the Western Heights demonstrate the extent and chronological development of defences on the west side of Dover, Archcliffe Fort essentially being the predecessor of fortifications on Western Heights.

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VP Location Receptors represented/Reasons for selection Ref H06 From Dover port Associative and visual setting relationship. (L17) area to Western This viewpoint represents the view of the Western Heights Heights – from the port and the sea on approach to Dover. The Admiralty Pier appearance of the Western Heights in these views is important in terms of demonstrating the style of fortification in place on the Heights which is largely hidden in comparison with Dover Castle on the opposite promontory. It highlights the difference between the two and adds to an understanding of the time depth of the military developments at Dover. This view also shows the military domination of the town and harbour as well as its level of protection from attack. H07 From along the Functional and visual setting relationship. (L13) ridge to the To the west of Dover the landscape is characterised by south-west of north-east/south-west aligned chalk ridges with valleys the site to between. The Western Heights occupies the north-east end Western Heights of the southernmost ridge and was designed partly to close off access to Dover from the west. Observation of the route from Folkestone would therefore have been part of its function. The old high road to Folkestone ran along the top of the ridge occupied by Western Heights, through the Citadel and along the north side of the Drop Redoubt. It was also linked to Archcliffe fort by an access road running up the slope to join it (Plan Ref.: MR1/1345). The funnelling of views from the Heights along the valley sides to the south- west is shown on the ZTV of the Citadel with screening features (Figure HL25-2). H08 From the Drop Associative and visual setting relationship. Redoubt on The views over the town and along the Dour valley would Western Heights have been important for military and strategic purposes. The to Dover town, town and route through the valley were one of the key harbour and strategic points, in terms of the defence of the country, that Conservation the Western Heights was designed to protect. Area. & The importance of the visual relationship with the Castle and From the Drop Fort Burgoyne is outlined in the comments in relation to Redoubt on heritage photograph H01 Western Heights In 1804 there were probably four gun positions on the north- to Dover Castle eastern side of the Drop Redoubt’s terre-plein (Gibbs 2012, and Fort 24). Burgoyne H09 From the Drop These features were designed to work together. The Citadel Redoubt to the and Drop Redoubt had 360° fields of fire in their original Citadel and Hyde Page form, maintained in the 1804 reworking of the North Centre Western Heights by Ford which included the addition of the Bastion North Centre Bastion. Throughout the life of the fortress (except a short period in the 1790s), the area between the two features was kept clear of permanent buildings and vegetation in order to preserve lines of sight between the two.

43 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

VP Location Receptors represented/Reasons for selection Ref H10A Sample along The lines throughout the site, together with the cliffs, to the lines from provided for an enclosed fortress interior. The lines were H10D casemates and protected by gun positions on terre-plein level of the Citadel, caponiers across North Centre Bastion and Drop Redoubt, but were also the whole site defended by gun positions within caponiers and casemates (South Lines that provided flanking fire along the lines within the ditches. largely infilled They would be kept clear of vegetation to allow for clear lines and western of sight and no possibility of cover. ditches of Western Outworks used historically as a landfill) H11A Views around Defensive features were concentrated on the fort’s entrances to the fort’s former as these are, generally speaking, the weakest points of any H11D North and South fortification. Defensive lines of sight are therefore important, Entrances as are the lines of sight from the point of view of a visitor to the fort in terms of intimidation, disorientation and surveillance. The historic routes through the fort are an integral part of this network. H12 From the North The North Centre Bastion was designed to defend the land (South Centre Bastion/ front and was connected by the North Lines to the Citadel. -west) Detached In 1804 there were two gun positions on the western flank Bastion along (Gibbs 2012, 26). the lines to the south-west towards the Citadel H12 From the North As for H12 (South-west) (North Centre Bastion/ -east) Detached Bastion along the lines to the north-east towards the Drop Redoubt and the North Entrance H12 From the North The northern slope of the Western Heights was shaped to (North Centre Bastion/ allow for clear visibility using large inclined steps which -west) Detached facilitated ascent, but which were actually designed to be Bastion killing zones where enemy troops would be at the mercy of northwards defenders firing from the North Centre Bastion. In 1804 there was a gun position on the northern ends of the inner and outer bastions of the North Centre Bastion (Gibbs 2012, 26).

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VP Location Receptors represented/Reasons for selection Ref H13A Views from Four Type 23 pillboxes and fifteen Pagoda pillboxes were & pillboxes constructed on the Western Heights in 1939-45. Four Type H13B 23 pillboxes survive, but only eight of the fifteen Pagoda A sample of two pillboxes survive. Views from the pillboxes’ gun positions are pillboxes is important fields of fire to assess. used: one of Plan of twelve extant pillboxes in RCHME report 10, Figure each type, one 10. The former locations of two further pillbox are shown in to the north- the Kent HER; one at Citadel battery (TR 34 SW 419) and west of the one at South Front Barracks (TR 34 SW 1046). Citadel (H13A) and one to the north-east of St Martin’s Battery (H13B). H14 From Citadel Built in 1898-1902, the guns in the battery were positioned Battery out to to ward off enemy shipping in the Channel threatening to sea and over the shell the port. port to the east In 1898 there were three gun positions within a concrete barbette with a low profile and glacis (Gibbs 2012, 101). Anti-aircraft Lewis gun added to the west end in 1934 (Gibbs 2012, 111). H15 From the Citadel See comment on heritage photograph H07. on Western The Western was kept clear of buildings (until the Heights along 1890s) to allow for the Citadel to maintain clear lines of sight the chalk ridge and fire over the top of it. It did not have a permanent to the south- complement of guns along its western terre-plein. west over the In 1804 there were twelve gun emplacements on the Western western salients of the Citadel’s terre-plein (Gibbs 2012, 18). Outworks H16 From the Citadel See comment for heritage photograph H09. towards the In 1804 there were five gun positions on the north part of Drop Redoubt, eastern salients and redan of the Citadel’s terre-plein (Gibbs the North Centre 2012, 18). Bastion and North Entrance. H17 From upper Setting of the Listed Building floor windows of This Listed Building commands extensive views out to sea Officer’s which form part of its setting. These views can also be used Quarters to approximate the Citadel’s southward field of fire. building in The southern side of the Citadel was remodelled to include a Citadel out to tenaille between two ditch lines in 1804. This was defended sea by infantry en banquette. H18 View of the Present setting of the Listed Building. Officer’s Given that access to the Officer’s Quarters and Citadel is Quarters restricted, this location offers the best available publicly building from accessible view of the building and forms an important part the south-east of its setting.

45 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

VP Location Receptors represented/Reasons for selection Ref H19 From Western See comment for heritage photographs H05A and H05B Heights to Archcliffe Fort H20 From St Martin’s This battery replaced Drop Battery (in 1886). It was built in Battery to the the 1870s, its purpose being the defence of the port and port and out to harbour from seaward attack. In 1940-1 is became ‘Western sea Heights Battery’, part of Churchill’s ring of fixed gun emergency batteries around the British coast, to resist landings, air raids and attack from the landward side. The old gun emplacements were remodelled at this time. In 1874 there were three gun positions within a glacis for low visibility (Gibbs 2012, 88) in 1940 there were still 3 gun positions, but within newly constructed covered gun houses in the former open embrasures (Gibb 1941, 117). H21 From the south- Associative functional and visual setting of the Listed west side of Building. Grand Shaft The terracing created for the former barracks buildings Barracks, shows the location of the former barracks and forms part of looking north- the setting of the Grand Shaft Staircase Listed Building. east H22 From Snargate Visual setting. Street to the The street formerly had an opposite side, but now has a port and out to strong relationship with the harbour, marina and sea. Views sea from the upper windows of properties on Snargate Street will include attractive views of the harbour and coastline. H23 From the folly to Aesthetic and visual setting relationship. the rear of Folly is crenellated in reference to Dover Castle and therefore Number 137 takes its design inspiration from the castle. The view from Snargate Street the folly towards the castle may therefore be important

3.2.5 A number of significant historic views are no longer extant for examination due to changes that have taken place within the study site, either during the fortress’s development, or during its decline. These are listed below:

° From the sea towards the Pharos on Western Heights, perhaps matched by that at Dover Castle (gradual decline during the medieval period, demolished during construction of the Drop Redoubt, present reconstructed section not a visible from afar). ° Views from the 12th century round church in all directions (church demolished prior to the 18 century). ° Along Snargate Street and from the folly with the other side of the street in place (the opposing buildings were demolished in the 1920s). ° Views of and towards the folly on Snargate Street from the harbour area (vegetation and buildings now obscure the views, although this screening and the difficulty of access have protected the folly from vandalism).

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° Views from the entry bridge leading to the original entrance to the Drop Redoubt, over the Drop Redoubt’s defensive lines (bridge removed). ° From Drop Battery out to sea (the battery was removed pre-1925 when a miniature firing range was constructed over its gun floor). ° Views over the port and out to sea from barracks buildings in Grand Shaft Barracks and vice-versa (demolished in the 1960s). ° Views over the port and out to sea from the Military Hospital Buildings and vice- versa (demolished in the 1970s). ° Views to and from the Garrison Chapel north-west of Centre Road (demolished in the 1960s). ° Views of and through the South Entrance gate (demolished 1964) ° Views from South Front Barracks over the port and out to sea (demolished in the 1960s). ° Views north from the Battery on the North Lines west of the Drop Redoubt (built 1893, short-lived, removed in 1903). ° Views from South Front Battery out to sea (built 1898, demolished/covered over by 1971). ° View of the gateway and guard room at the foot of the Grand Shaft Staircase (demolished 1960s, but recreated in 1990s). ° Views along the lines around the Western Outworks (west lines of the Western Outwork used historically as landfill and south lines infilled and overgrown).

3.2.6 Despite the loss of these views and their associated features, future development and vegetation management options for within the Westerns Heights should be cognisant of the former presence of these features and any opportunities that arise to enhance appreciation of their place within the developmental sequence of the fortress – and the defensive role it has played – should be taken.

Assessment of Existing Historic Views

Views of the study site

3.2.7 Viewpoints H01-H07 relate to views from outside the project area towards the site:

3.2.8 Viewpoint H01 was taken from within the walled precinct of Dover Castle alongside the western walls, looking towards the project area. It overlooks the town and harbour towards the Western Heights. Beyond the town centre, the land rises steeply to the wood and scrub covered slopes of the Western Heights. The Drop Redoubt and North- East Line are clearly perceptible in the view and there are glimpses of the modern buildings in the Citadel beyond. These buildings are useful in pinpointing the location of the Citadel in the view, but their presence is not appropriate to the historic purpose of the fortification. The slopes around the Drop Redoubt are covered in scrub and patchy woodland. This makes the monument indistinct in comparison to how it would have appeared from this vantage point historically. It diminishes the understanding of the artificial slopes present around the Drop Redoubt which are an important aspect of

47 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

its defences. Encroaching vegetation is also visible within the North-East Line which diminishes its legibility from this viewpoint. Within the Fortress Interior there is a stand of woodland to the west side of the Drop Redoubt which obscures views across the top of the monument from this location. This woodland represents the overgrown remains of the planted screen bank to the rear of the 19th century battery on the North Lines. The woodland obscures views of the Citadel, although it likely also screens views of the houses that have been erected in the Fortress Interior since the military withdrew from the area.

3.2.9 Due to the dense woodland covering Fort Burgoyne there are no external views available from it. This situation may change in the future, so viewpoint H02 was taken from the adjacent Connaught Barracks site looking towards the project area, to approximate the important view from Fort Burgoyne that may become available in the future. Vegetation near the viewpoint directs views to the west, screening the harbour and much of the town centre. From this viewpoint the project area is predominantly wooded. The buildings within the Citadel are prominent in the view as are the buildings within the Fortress Interior that have been erected since the military withdrew from the area. The northern and eastern slopes of the Western Heights are covered in scrub and patchy woodland. This makes the monument indistinct in comparison to how it would have appeared from this vantage point historically. It diminishes the understanding of the artificial slopes present around the monument which are an important aspect of its defences.

3.2.10 Although the Western Heights rises high above the town centre it is only visible where there is either an open space, or streets are orientated towards the site. Viewpoint H03 was selected as representative of the character of views of the Western Heights from the town, which generally feature the Drop Redoubt. In this view, the Drop Redoubt is visible as a grassy mound at the crown of the hill, whilst no other features of the monument are visible. To the south-east of the Drop Redoubt the monument becomes obscured by scrub which screens a view of the North-East Line which would be possible from this location. The view of the North-East Line, alongside the Drop Redoubt would improve understanding of the hilltop as a defensive structure. Vegetation is also present around the base of the eastern slope and the east end of the northern slope of the Western Heights in this view, but it does not hinder appreciation of the features of the monument that are visible from this location. A further view from within the town is represented by viewpoint H04 which was specifically focused on a building break in the Waterloo Crescent Conservation Area. The view through the break aligns with the North-East Line which is clearly visible in section, with gun ports in gun rooms on the Drop Redoubt (specifically sited to give a field of fire down the Line) visible behind, demonstrating its capabilities for flanking fire. The grassy slopes of the Drop Redoubt are also discernible from this viewpoint. Vegetation within the North- East Line filters the view towards the caponier and the understanding of the feature, as well as its prominence in the view. Vegetation on the surrounding southern slope also blurs the sculpted artificial angles of the slope which should be stark and intimidating in this view.

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3.2.11 The view from Archcliffe Fort towards the project area H05 presents a glancing view up towards the escarpment. St Martin’s Battery and the artificial earthworks of the Drop Redoubt are visible to the north-east end of the view, but these are the only features of the fortification readily identifiable. There are significant detractors, such as the road network at the base of the slope and large modern industrial buildings, some occupying the location of the former Military Hospital. Vegetation along the crest of the slope is currently screening views of buildings on Citadel Road in the fortress interior. Dense wooded vegetation is present on the slopes behind the modern industrial buildings and in the view towards the former Grand Shaft Barracks from this location. The vegetation forms a visual break between the modern structures and the hilltop and its fortifications. This viewpoint was selected to determine the importance, if any, of the visual relationship between Archcliffe Fort and the Western Heights. The limited views available of the Western Heights that are, or would have been, available from this location suggest that the visibility between the two was not an important factor in their functional relationship.

3.2.12 The view from Admiralty Pier, H06, was taken as representative of the views of the Western Heights from the western docks and on approach to Dover from the Channel. A wide view of the Western Heights is achievable from this viewpoint, placing the monument the context of Dover’s local topography, Dover Castle, the town and the white cliffs. This is a very important view towards the monument. The Officer’s Quarters building within the Citadel is a prominent feature of the view and it therefore also forms part of the setting of that Listed Building. This view also allows for some appreciation of the sculpted slopes of the fortification, in the area around the Citadel and the former site of the South Front Barracks. Vegetation on the southern slope of the Western Heights in the centre portion of the site and to the immediate west side of the Drop Redoubt, however, hinders understanding of the complex as one whole fortification covering the full extent of the hill top. The vegetation between the car park at St Martin’s Battery and the site of the Grand Shaft Barracks contributes to this disconnected appearance, but that vegetation was partly in place during the working life of the fortress, framing views of the Grand Shaft’s buildings. Likewise, the vegetation to west of the former site of the Military Hospital was also in place historically, however in both areas the loss of the buildings means that the vegetation is no longer serving its framing purpose and encroaching vegetation on the terracing with the Grand Shaft Barracks site exacerbates this.

3.2.13 The approach to the fortress from the south-west was considered the most likely route of an assault. Viewpoint H07 was taken to represent how the fortress would appear to attackers approaching from this side. The modern buildings within the Citadel are prominent in this view, but the earthworks and ditch line around the Citadel are not. Dover Castle rises on the horizon behind the monument. The fortress was not designed to be prominent in the view from the south-west as the intention was largely to hide the fortification, rather than to use it as a target. This is one of the key differences between this style of fortification and that seen at Dover Castle. The prominence of the modern buildings within the Citadel in views towards it, such as this viewpoint,

49 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

undermines the understanding of this style of fortification and its intended style of offense and defence. The Western Outworks, in front of the Citadel, are overgrown in this view and the lines around it have been partly used as a landfill historically. The overgrown nature of the Western Outworks, although detracting, is not considered to significantly undermine appreciation of this view.

Views from the study site

3.2.14 Viewpoints H08, H12 - H15, H17, H19, H20, H22 and H23 relate to views from the project area outwards, in many cases they represent views in the opposite direction to the viewpoints discussed above:

3.2.15 Viewpoint H08 was taken from the north-east side of the Drop Redoubt overlooking the town, harbour, Dover Castle and Fort Burgoyne. Expansive views are available from this location, placing the site within its landscape and historical context, as well as allowing for an understanding of its observational qualities and former field of fire. The view of Dover Castle from this location is particularly informative, with the keep, the Church of St Mary De Castro with the Pharos, and the 19th Officers’ Mess within it all being prominent features on the opposing skyline. Fort Burgoyne is not perceptible due to the level of woodland vegetation within that monument. Vegetation on the Western Heights does not hinder appreciation of this view. The greening of the wall tops also gives the patina of age. Some taller scrub vegetation is present that could, if left unmanaged, encroach into the view in the future.

3.2.16 Viewpoint H12 was taken from the Detached Bastion, as representative of views from the fortifications over the surrounding land to the south-west, north-west and north- east. The Bastion is overgrown such that only one viewpoint location was available from its highest point. Although representing views from the monument, views from this location towards the Citadel and the Drop Redoubt would also be important so are discussed in this section as well. All of these views feature the northern slope, which should appear as close-cropped chalk grassland with artificially steep sculpted slopes and platforms visible. The northern slope is, however, a mix of chalk grassland with patchy scrub and some pockets of colonising trees and taller vegetation. This detracts from understanding of this integral part of the monument, which lies within the fields of fire of the Citadel and Drop Redoubt as well as the Bastion. To the south-west some buildings at the north end of the Citadel are visible, although they are partially obscured by vegetation on the Detached Bastion and within the North Lines to its west side. To the north-west there is a wide view over the residential settlement at the base of the northern slopes on that side of the monument. The view is partially obscured to the west side by vegetation immediately next to the Bastion, but is otherwise unhindered by vegetation. To the north-east Dover Castle and the northern part of the Drop Redoubt are visible. The southern part of the Redoubt is obscured partly by the landform and partly by woodland on the crest of the slope immediately to its south- west side. The North Lines to either side of the Bastion are largely obscured by

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vegetation within them and on the wall tops. Vegetation is, however, screening views of modern detracting buildings to the south-east side of the Bastion and this is beneficial.

3.2.17 Two pillboxes on the perimeter of the Western Heights were selected as a sample of the twelve surviving pillboxes that surround the monument. One Pagoda Type and one Type 23 pillboxes were selected, one to the north-west of the Citadel, H13A, and one to the north-east of St Martin’s Battery, H13B. Both pillboxes have vegetation growing on and within them, and vegetation is present in views from their gun positions to varying degrees of severity. The vegetation is not only damaging their structural integrity but also obscuring appreciation of their intended lines of sight.

3.2.18 Viewpoints H14 and H20 are taken from the fortress’s two surviving late 19th century coastal batteries. Both batteries were focused on views out to sea, and St Martin’s Battery also overlooked the western docks. Both batteries have views from them compromised by encroaching vegetation on the southern slope. At Citadel Battery this is trees and woodland, whilst at St Martin’s Battery it is scrub. Scrub is also present on the roof of the structure. To the north-east and south-west sides of St Martin’s Battery, encroaching vegetation has the effect of framing the view of the harbour and removing visual distractions, such as views north-east towards Dover Castle, or to the Drop Redoubt closer in the view. This is beneficial provided that connectively between the battery and reminder of the site is maintained. The car park adjacent to St Martin’s Battery, and the works to improve accessibility between the car park and the Battery, has resulted in this area becoming a popular and accessible viewing location. This is in contrast to other parts of the site that are generally less accessible. The location of Citadel Battery ensures that is it only visible from its immediate surroundings, although scrub has limited this further and almost eliminated the sight line between it and the Western Outworks.

3.2.19 As stated previously the perceived threat to the Western Heights was predominantly an attack from along the chalk ridge to the south-west side of the site. Viewpoint H15 was taken from the west side of the Citadel’s terre-plein to demonstrate the fortress’s surveillance of this ridge. It also shows the view from the Citadel over the Western Outworks which was historically free of buildings to allow the Citadel a clear line of sight over it. The Western Outworks is, however, now occupied by low-level barracks buildings that were constructed in the late-19th century phase of improvements at the fortress. These block the view south-west from the Citadel, detracting from understanding of its former purpose and the former purpose of the Western Outworks, but they do contribute to the built heritage resource at the site and the understating of its history of development. A barbed-wire-topped chain-link fence is also prominent in the view, associated with the use of the Citadel as an Immigration Removal Centre. It also detracts from the view. Vegetation within the line to the west of the Citadel is well managed and therefore does not encroach upon this view, as it does in other elements of the fortification. Also within the Citadel viewpoint H17 was taken from the upper floor windows of the listed Officer’s Quarters building, to demonstrate the views and setting of the Listed Building, but also to approximate the defensive views from the

51 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

south side of the Citadel. Significant views over the harbour are achievable from this vantage point, as well as views along the lines around the southern part of the Citadel. The building overlooks a level platform (the site of the former South Front Battery) in the near view which is scrub grassland. It gives the appearance of a lawn in views out of the building and provides a pleasant aspect to the view forming part of the building’s aesthetic setting. Vegetation in this part of the monument does not hinder appreciation of the view and the present management of the grassland to the immediate south-west of the Citadel enhances the setting of the Listed Building.

3.2.20 The view towards Archcliffe Fort was taken to test the visual relationship between the two Forts which had a functional relationship as well as, potentially a visual one. The view from Archcliffe Fort towards the Western Heights suggested that the visual relationship was not an important element of the functional relationship between the two monuments and this is borne out through examination of views in the opposite direction. The viewpoint location, H19, near South Front Barracks, is now one of the only places in the interior of the Western Heights where a view over Archcliffe Fort is achievable. The Fort and the port beyond are visible in the view, with Archcliffe Fort now somewhat dwarfed by the scale of the port development behind. Vegetation does not impede views of the fort from this location. The viewpoint also affords a view along the largely infilled South Line. Vegetation partially masks the linear scar of the former line which it would be beneficial to clear to increase understanding of the side of the monument, where most of the features have suffered demolition, infilling redevelopment etc since the fortress went out of use.

3.2.21 Viewpoints H22 and H23 relate to Snargate Street, at the base of the south-western slope. Dover Castle and the Waterloo Crescent Conservation Area are visible from viewpoint H22, looking north-east, and the masts of boats in the marina are prominent in views to the south-east on the opposite side of the road. The marina will be a key feature in views from the upper floor windows from buildings. The pavement in front of the buildings is wide with trees, regularly spaced, lining the road and occasional brick- built raised flower beds present between the pavement and the A20. All of the views include the busy A20. The trees are a positive aspect of the setting of the buildings, creating the sense of a domestic street, and softening the negative aspect of the busy A20 to their south-east side. The raised beds, likewise, help in breaking up views of the A20, creating a sense of separation. Viewpoint H23 examines the view from a folly to the rear on number 137 Snargate Street towards Dover Castle. The folly is situated on a level terrace to the rear of the building with flint revetting walls between it and the allotment gardens and between it and the North-East Line. The folly is of flint and brick construction, rendered externally, with a crenellated parapet and windows in its south- east wall, overlooking the harbour. It contains an entrance in its south-west elevation leading to a large opening in its north-east elevation. This affords a key view towards Dover Castle. The folly and revetting walls are engulfed in vegetation including mature tress, brambles and ivy. The view towards Dover Castle is partially obscured by vegetation, as are views towards the harbour from the folly’s south-western windows and from the wider terrace. In views towards the folly from the harbour the features is

52 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

almost entirely obscured by vegetation. The vegetation in the view towards Dover Castle is diminishing appreciation of the view and the purposeful siting of the folly and the opening in its north-east wall. The vegetation growing on the structural features of the folly and flint revetting walls to the terrace is likely also causing structural damage. Nevertheless the mature trees present along the terrace that screen views towards the folly have probably had the beneficial effect of hiding the folly from view from within the town and thus deterring the use of the folly and terrace for anti-social purposes and vandalism.

Views within the study site

3.2.22 Viewpoints H09, H10, H11, H16, H18 and H21 relate to views between various features within the project area:

3.2.23 Viewpoints H09 and H16 represent views across the Fortress Interior from the two forts at either end of the ridge. Both forts were designed to act independently, as well as providing for mutual defence, and the Fortress Interior was re-profiled in the 1860s to ensure intervisibility between the two. Viewpoint H09 looks westward from the Drop Redoubt towards the Citadel, but woodland vegetation to the immediate south-west side of the Drop Redoubt almost entirely obscures views west from this location. This woodland is partially historically appropriate, as the battery on the North Lines to the west of the Drop Redoubt had a planted screen bank to the rear with a hedge and trees. However, this has been allowed to become overgrown in the post-war period and now entirely obscures views westwards from the fort. Some modern buildings at the north end of the Citadel are visible, but these buildings are over-prominent in views towards the Citadel and detract from the understanding of design intention. The partially overgrown sculpted northern slope adjacent. Beyond the woodland, modern houses have been built within the Fortress Interior, so although the woodland blocks part of the fort’s field of fire, it also serves the purpose of screening views of detracting buildings within the Fortress Interior. The viewpoint east from the Citadel, H16, demonstrates the impact of the detracting modern houses built within the fortress interior. These entirely obscure views across the interior towards the Drop Redoubt and give the viewpoint a suburban appearance that is entirely out of keeping with the character and significance of the fortifications. The only positive aspect of the view is the presence of Dover Castle and the White Cliffs rising behind the buildings on the opposite side of the valley. Vegetation within the lines around the Citadel is well managed. Some tall scrub on the wall tops is present, although this does not hinder appreciation of the view, being less impactful than the detracting buildings, but it may be causing structural damage and thus its removal would be beneficial.

3.2.24 A sample of different locations within the lines were taken to demonstrate the range of levels of vegetation across the site and the different management regimes in place. The following locations were assessed as part of viewpoint H10:

° H10A – south-west along the North Lines from the Drop Redoubt

53 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

° H10B – south-west from the northern caponier of the Drop Redoubt ° H10C – south-east from the north caponier of the Drop Redoubt ° H10D – south-east along the North-East Line

The South Lines and the lines around the Western Outworks are largely infilled, but views along the South Lines in the vicinity of the South Entrance were taken as part of viewpoint H11, assessing the fort’s entrances. The lines around the Citadel are clear of vegetation and subject to active management. Until very recently they served something akin to their original purpose as part of the Immigration Removal Centre. Within the ditches of the Drop Redoubt the views, H10B and H10C, are generally quite well-managed in terms of vegetation. There are pockets of vegetation present along the top of the revetting walls, but this does not hinder appreciation of the view, or the understanding of its military purpose. The North-East Line is very overgrown, H10D. Whilst views of the sea can be achieved, the vegetation at the far end of the view is obscuring appreciation of it and masks the length of the revetting walls forming the North-East Line. The line ends at the cliff edge and views from this end of the line could therefore be very dramatic, if opened up, featuring the gap through the buildings of Waterloo Crescent and views towards the harbour and town. The view would also oversail the north end of Snargate Street. The North Line, H10A, is more overgrown than the lines within the Drop Redoubt and vegetation growing on the revetting walls is obscuring appreciation of the vast construction and a clear line of sight along the full length of the line. This view is probably more indicative of the status of the lines across the remainder of the monument than those within the Drop Redoubt.

3.2.25 A series of snapshot views around the fortress’s former North and South Entrances were taken to demonstrate the kind of views achievable from these locations. The following locations were assessed as part of viewpoint H11:

° H11A – from the former bridge over the North Lines north-eastward towards the car park on North Military Road. This was the original access to the fort before it was bypassed when the road was cut through the North Lines in 1967. ° H11B – across the North Lines and tenaille over the remains of the bridge leading to the former North Entrance. ° H11C – towards the interior face of the north entrance ° H11D –north-west from the former site of the South Entrance

The North Entrance route has been superseded, whilst the South Entrance has been demolished. These features are therefore not readily understandable when visiting the monument and given their significance efforts should be directed at rectifying this. Views around the North Entrance are constrained by encroaching vegetation. The lack of clear lines of sight towards the entrance from the car park on the North Military road makes it uninviting and deters investigation of the feature. The new route cut through the North Line in 1967 allows for a view of the cut line in section when passing through the line. This view is also partially screened by vegetation within the line with diminishes understanding of the feature and the developmental sequence in place

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around the fortress’s North Entrance, which could be celebrated more. The lines adjacent to the former South Entrance are very overgrown with woodland, but defensive features remain in place, such as flanking gun rooms and revetted ditch lines. The line to the south-east of the South Entrance has been partially infilled and the remainder is overgrown with woodland. This gives no indication of its former presence or extent and detracts significantly from appreciation of the layout of this part of the fortress. There is presently no sense of a former entrance in this location. Aside from vegetation management elements such as different road surfacing could be used to denote the former presence of the south gate and, on the northern side of the monument, the former presence of the defensive lines that were cut through to create the new access route. Public access to the North Entrance requires significant investment to make the area safe, but this would be a major heritage benefit to the monument if achievable.

3.2.26 Viewpoint H18 assesses the role of vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the Citadel’s Officers’ Quarters Listed Building. As access into the Citadel is restricted, the selected viewpoint location offers the best publicly accessible view of the Citadel and therefore the view of it that will be experienced by the highest number of people. The view presents an impressive, high-class, gothic-revival military building. There is a pleasant palette of materials in the view with the clear contrasts between the red/orange brick of the Officers’ Quarters building, the cream brick and cut stone of the fortification and the white chalk of the cut cliff face with a level platform of close-cropped scrub grassland in front (the site of the former South Front Battery). The low vegetation contributes to the setting and should be maintained, it was also noted in the view from within the building looking outward (H17). Vegetation on the fortification and the cut cliff face blurs the distinction between the different materials on show in this view and may also be causing structural damage.

3.2.27 Viewpoint H21 assesses the role of vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the Grand Shaft Staircase Listed Building and the former site of Grand Shaft Barracks. The viewpoint allows for an appreciation of the terracing of the slope to accommodate the former barracks buildings of the Grand Shaft Barracks. However, scrub vegetation is present on each of the terraces and some tall vegetation is also present, obscuring views of the Grand Shaft and its railings, as well as interrupting views out to sea. The vegetation is therefore detracting from the understanding of the only features of the Grand Shaft Barracks that remains on the site.

3.3 Visual Amenity Viewpoint Selection

3.3.1 For the viewpoint selection, a ZTV study area of a 3 kilometre radius from the site was investigated and mapped (Figure HL24-1 & HL25-1) in order to identify where views of the study site may be enjoyed by people in the surrounding area. Potentially sensitive “visual receptors”, that is, people with views of the site, include residents,

55 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

people enjoying recreation in the landscape, such as using public footpaths, bridleways and cycle routes, or visiting areas covered by landscape designations, areas or sites of historic interest, and visitor attractions.

3.3.2 During the field study the ZTV was used as a starting point and features such as vegetation, buildings or localised topographic variation, which influence actual visibility, were identified during field studies. Representative viewpoints were then selected to inform the viewpoint appraisal. The locations of viewpoints studied are places where residents and users of the landscape may have views towards or of the site.

3.3.3 The visual appraisal drawing, Figure HL16, shows the location of the study site at a scale of 1:25,000. Figure HL16 also shows the locations from which the viewpoint photographs were taken. A total of 17 views were taken to illustrate the site and its appearance in publicly available views (Figures HL20-1 to -9).

Table 3-2 Viewpoint details Distance VP Receptors represented/Reasons for Location from site Ref selection (km) L01 Dover Castle, 0.9km Kent Downs AONB western walls Scheduled Monument Conservation Area Listed Buildings Tourist attraction L02 Dover Castle, Signal 1.1km Kent Downs AONB Station Scheduled Monument Conservation Area Listed Buildings Tourist attraction L03 Connaught Barracks 1.2km Residential area (proposed) (Fort Burgoyne) Representative of views from Scheduled Monument L04 Junction of Castle Hill 0.6km Conservation Area Road and Ashen Tree Listed Buildings Lane National Cycle Route Residents L05 Pencester gardens 0.4km National Trail Public open space Link to NCR

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Distance VP Receptors represented/Reasons for Location from site Ref selection (km) L06 Queen Street 0.3km National Trail Adjacent Scheduled Monument Adjacent Listed Building Minor road L07 Junction of Dover 1.7km Representative of views from high ground Road and Burgoyne to the north-east Heights Regional cycle route Minor road L08 Access land on Long 1.8km Access land Hill Representative of views from nearby residential properties L09 Access land on 0.9km Access land Whinless Down Public footpath Representative of views from AONB Local Nature Reserve L10 Folkestone Road, 0.3km Residents Maxton B road Adjacent to AONB Representative of views from proposed Farthingloe development L11 Great Farthingloe 1.0km Kent Downs AONB access road Representative of views from proposed Farthingloe development L12 Access land to south- 0.3km Kent Downs AONB west of Western Access land Heights Representative of views from high ground to south-west of site L13 Battery on Abbot’s 2.4km Kent Downs AONB Cliff National Trail Access land Heritage Coast Folkestone Warren SSSI L14 Minor road opposite 3.0km Kent Downs AONB Little Hougham Court Public footpath Minor road Representative of views from nearby residential properties

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Distance VP Receptors represented/Reasons for Location from site Ref selection (km) L15 Dover waterfront 0.2km Conservation Area opposite gap in Listed Building Waterloo Terrace Tourist attractions National Cycle Route L16A Archcliffe Fort – 0.1km Scheduled Monument north-east Representative of views from harbour area L16B Archcliffe Fort – 0.1km Scheduled Monument north-west Representative of views from harbour area L17 Admiralty Pier 1.5km Listed Building Representative of views from harbour area

Present Day Views

3.3.4 Views towards the Western Heights from the surrounding area are available from all directions, where either relative elevation allows views over intervening features or where there are no intervening features to obscure views. The key areas of visibility can be divided up into the following 6 areas, shown on Figure HL16, and the views available are described for each area with reference to individual views illustrated on Figures HL20-1 to -9:

° Views from Dover Castle and Fort Burgoyne (viewpoints L01 - L03) ° Views from the town centre (viewpoints L04 - L06) ° Views from high ground to the north (viewpoints L07 - L09) ° Views from Farthingloe Valley (viewpoints L10 - L11) ° Views from high ground to the south-west (viewpoints L12 - L14) ° Views from the harbour area (viewpoints L15 - L16).

Views from Dover Castle and Fort Burgoyne

3.3.5 To the east of Dover, the land rises steeply to approximately 120m AOD from where it levels out to an undulating, but slowly dropping, plane to the north-east. This topography means that views towards the site are only available from either the steep slopes, which are predominately wooded, or from the ridgeline at the top. Fort Burgoyne is located on the ridgeline approximately 1.5km to the north-east of the site, with Dover Castle sitting on top of a prominent cliff-top to its south and about 1km to the north-east of the site.

3.3.6 Dover Castle’s elevated position affords views both out to sea and across Dover and its harbour towards Western Heights. From the castle views, as represented by viewpoint photographs L01 and L02, look out over the town with the waterfront prominent to

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the left. The town centre is a dense collage of low-rise commercial buildings, bordered to the west by a large development site and the flats and terraces along the waterfront. Beyond the town centre, the land rises steeply in the wood and scrub covered slopes of the Western Heights, the Citadel and Drop Redoubt partly visible among the dense vegetation. To the left are the Western Docks, easily identifiable by Lord Warden House, with the revival project development area visible just in front of it. The terraces on the lower slopes of Whinless Down and extending up Farthingloe valley lie to the right of the site, which are backed by the steep wooded spurs of the Kent Downs AONB, with the Hougham TV mast prominent on the horizon.

3.3.7 Due to the dense woodland covering Fort Burgoyne, there are no external views available from it. Therefore, the adjacent Connaught Barracks site is used to represent a similar view. Vegetation near the viewpoint (L03) directs views to the west, screening the harbour and much of the town centre. The site occupies the high ground on the opposite side of the Dover valley to the far left of the available view. The site appears to be predominately wooded with several areas of grassland and scrub in which several of the features of the fortifications can be seen, including Drop Redoubt on the end of the spur. The Citadel buildings are prominent on the highpoint, with the residential properties of Heights Terrace to its left. To the right of the view only the higher areas of settlement on the north-west side of Dover are visible, foreground landform screens the town centre in the valley bottom. The wooded ridges of the Kent Downs AONB form the horizon beyond.

Views from the town centre

3.3.8 Glimpsed and filtered views from the town centre towards the Western Heights are available from numerous locations, several of which are represented by viewpoint photographs L03, L04 and L05. Although the Western Heights rises high above the town centre, with Drop Redoubt occupying a commanding position on top of the spur about 80m above the town, it is only visible where there is either an open space or streets are orientated towards the site. From all viewpoints, the buildings of Dover occupy the foreground and frame the view, with the study site appearing above them in the mid distance. The lower slopes of the Western Heights appear densely wooded, giving way to scrub towards the skyline which is occupied by Drop Redoubt. No other features of the site or the fortifications are visible.

3.3.9 The viewpoints selected also represent a selection of receptors, including walkers on the England Coast Path and North Downs Way, cyclists using NCR1, visitors to Conservation Areas and tourist attractions, and people using Pencester Gardens and its facilities. For people in transit, the views towards the site are glimpsed and transient, while the majority of the people using facilities in the park or visiting attractions are generally not there to appreciate views beyond their immediate context.

59 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Views from high ground to the north

3.3.10 The topography to the north of the site is one of flat topped ridge lines and deep valleys. Settlement is found in the valley bottoms and the lower slopes of the spurs, with predominately wooded steep slopes on the ridge sides rising to agricultural land on the flat tops. Glimpsed views towards the site are available from parts of the settlements where elevation and orientation allow, or filtered views through vegetation on the valley sides, as represented by viewpoint photograph L07. Unobstructed views are only available from the locations where the ridgelines are free of vegetation, shown in viewpoint photographs L08 and L09.

3.3.11 From the ridge tops, the study site appears on the horizon as the southernmost, and highest, of a series of spurs. Dover Harbour is visible to its left, as the spur drops abruptly towards the town centre, with Dover Castle occupying a similarly prominent position to the left of the harbour. Drop Redoubt and the Citadel can be identified on top of the ridgeline, although the majority of north facing fortifications, including the Detached Bastion and North-West Bastion, are only partially visible among woodland and scrub. The majority of the ridgeline and the lower slopes are also covered in a mixture of woodland and scrub, which notably reduces the prominence of the study site within the view, although the trees on the ridgeline aid in screening the majority of the residential properties in the Fortress Interior from view.

Views from Farthingloe Valley

3.3.12 The Farthingloe Valley runs from the centre of Dover, along the north side of the site, and west into the Kent Downs AONB. Its eastern end, to the north of the site, is a heavily built up residential area (viewpoint photograph L10), further west, as it enters the AONB, it becomes predominately agricultural land (viewpoint photograph L11). The busy Folkestone Road (B2011) runs along the valley bottom, in the west flanked by pastoral fields and then scrub and woodland as the valley sides rise and steepen, and in the east by residential terraces.

3.3.13 From the eastern built up part, views towards the site are rare, the density of buildings screening the majority of views. Where views are available they are glimpsed from between gaps in buildings or along the occasional road orientated towards the site. From these locations the northern slopes of the site are visible, these appear to be almost entirely wooded with occasional areas of scrub and grassland. Parts of the northern fortifications are partially visible among the vegetation while glimpsed sightings of buildings within the Citadel are occasionally available.

3.3.14 From further west up the valley, within the area designated as part of the proposed Farthingloe residential development, the site appears on the skyline on the right side of the valley, the security fence around the south-west of the Citadel and some buildings within it, standing proud on the horizon. The slopes below the Citadel are densely wooded, screening the majority of the North-West Bastion, the only other element of

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the fortifications that is visible. Dover Castle is just visible above the trees directly down the centre of the valley.

Views from high ground to the south-west

3.3.15 The visual connection to the ridgeline to the south-west of the site is strategically important to the Western Heights as well as to people’s appreciation of it, the Citadel being designed to deter attack from there and the site as a whole designed to protect Dover from a land based assault. Viewpoint photographs L12, L13 and L14 demonstrate the visibility of the site from various locations on the high ground to the south-west.

3.3.16 To the immediate west of the site, the ridgeline is topped by thicket lined track, the slopes to the north are covered in dense woodland and scrub while the south facing slopes are covered in a mixture of grassland and scrub. Where elevation allows views are available towards the site (L12), the Citadel forming the skyline and screening the site beyond from view. The Western Outworks and the remains of the Citadel Battery, partially screened by scrub, are visible in front of the Citadel. To the south there is a panoramic view across the channel, with the distinctive forms of Shakespeare Cliff and Admiralty Pier in the foreground.

3.3.17 L13 and L14 depict the view of the site from further to the west, here the ridge-tops are broad and flat, and where a location away from hedgerows is available, the views are distant and expansive. The cliff top path between Dover and Folkestone, which bears the England Coast Path, North Downs Way and the Saxon Shore Way, affords distant views all along the coastline, with the Citadel and Western Heights forming the skyline to the east, although the more distant features of Dover Castle, the Chain Home Masts and South Foreland Lighthouse also rise just above the horizon. The view is similar from further inland, although from here more of the Fortress Interior is visible, as is the densely wooded northern slope of the site.

Views from the harbour area

3.3.18 The infrastructure in Dover, both commercial and defensive, is orientated towards the harbour. The harbour itself is defined by two piers, the Eastern Arm to the east and Admiralty Pier to the west with the Southern Breakwater between. The eastern docks are the ferry terminals while the western home the cruise terminals, marinas and a large area currently under development known as the Dover Western Docks Revival. The viewpoints selected represent the range of receptors found in this area: L15 represents views from Dover waterfront, including the Waterloo Crescent Conservation Area and NCR2; L16 at Archcliffe Fort is a Scheduled Monument, existing prior to the construction of the Western Heights; and L17 on Admiralty Pier indicates the view available to users of the harbour.

3.3.19 From the waterfront the Western Heights fortifications are only visible as a steep, predominately tree covered, escarpment, with Drop Redoubt and the North-East Line

61 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

the only defensive structures visible, although these appear to be nearly entirely covered in scrub. Further to the west, as the slope slackens the tree coverage increases. The lower part of the site here is covered by industrial buildings which are clearly visible among the woodland. The woodland screens the Fortress Interior from view, although St Martin’s Battery is just visible above a rare open area. To the east, Dover Castle forms a dominant backdrop to the harbour with the White Cliffs beyond.

3.3.20 From the harbour area, the view back towards the mainland is dominated by the presence of the two areas of high ground on either side of the town: Dover Castle occupying the high cliff-top to the east; and Western Heights to the west. Both sites are flanked by high sea cliffs, Shakespeare Cliff to the west and the White Cliffs to the east. From the viewpoint the site appears to be predominately wooded, particularly to the east, where Drop Redoubt and St Martin’s Battery are visible in the only gaps in the tree cover. The vegetation turns to scrub infused grassland further to the west, which allows the buildings of the Citadel to be visible on the skyline.

4.0 Cumulative Effects with Major New Developments

4.1.1 Several notable new developments are proposed within the context of Western Heights, some of which are still in the planning stages while others are under construction. The proposals most pertinent to the Western Heights are the Western Heights Regeneration part of the ‘Western Heights and Farthingloe Regeneration’ and the ‘Dover Western Docks Revival’. The cumulative effects of these proposals with the Western Heights are discussed in more detail below.

4.1.2 Further proposals are the ‘Dover Waterfront Masterplan’, which is in the early stages of development and to which this appraisal will contribute a heritage and landscape baseline from the Western Heights perspective. Likewise the Commonwealth War Memorial project, proposed to be located on the site of the former Grand Shaft Barracks with access provided from Dover Waterfront, will be also informed from a combined heritage and landscape perspective by this appraisal.

4.1.3 There are several ways in which the development proposals could influence the setting of the Western Heights, either in a positive or a detracting manner. Most notable are the visual connections between Western Heights and both the Western Docks and Dover Waterfront which are historically significant, particularity from Drop Redoubt via the North-East Line and between the site of the Grand Shaft Barracks and the harbour area. It is important that visual connections such as these are retained in the development proposals and that proposed and future developments do not compromise their integrity.

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4.2 Western Heights Regeneration

4.2.1 The Western Heights and Farthingloe Regeneration proposals include the construction of a 120-bed hotel with a 150-person conference centre and visitor centre within Western Heights, to the east of Centre Road, near to the junction with Citadel Road. Victoria Hall to be restored and developed as apartments and new residential buildings along Citadel Road. Drop Redoubt would be developed as a tourist attraction and there would be the provision of a network of footpaths and vantage points throughout the open downland on the slopes surrounding the fortifications.

4.2.2 The redevelopment of Victoria Hall would retain the existing structure of the building while the proposed residential units to its west along Citadel Road would bridge the gap between the residential buildings further to the west and on Western Close to the south, replacing an existing warehouse. The proposal also includes additional landscaping, planting and increasing the connectivity between the proposed and existing properties and the footpaths in the wider area. The hotel area proposal would see the former workshop/garage (originally a Gun Shed for storage of mobile artillery) to the east of Centre Road being refurbished to form part of an entrance complex for a hotel that would extend into the woodland to the east, taking advantage of the topography to be set out on several levels.

4.2.3 Due to the woodland around the hotel site and to the east of Victoria Hall these sites are well screened in views from the surrounding area. The topography of the area directs the glimpsed and heavily filtered views that are available towards the harbour area, from where the sites appear either completely screened or are read in conjunction with surrounding built development (see Heritage Photograph H06). The westernmost part of the proposals would be more visible, both in views from the harbour area and within the Western Heights. However, there are existing buildings surrounding the site and any new development would be interpreted as part of this and it would not add an additional large element to the views.

Comment

4.2.4 The woodland here is recommended for retention. Care would need to be taken in the design of the area around the hotel site to ensure that the separation created by the woodland between the site and the Drop Redoubt would not be compromised by the construction of the proposed development. As many trees as possible should be retained and where new landscaping is proposed it should retain the existing screening. Where landscaping involves the removal of screening for construction activities the existing levels of screening should be reintroduced. It will be important to balance the priorities of screening the site, with those of providing a pleasant aspect from its seaward frontage. For the sites along Citadel Road the proposed vegetation removal would have a negligible impact on their setting and visibility due to their location amidst existing built development.

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4.3 Dover Western Docks Revival

4.3.1 The project aims to transform the western Dover waterfront, with a new marina pier to attract a host of shops, bars cafes and restaurants set against Dover's backdrop of the harbour, cliffs and castle. It will also relocate and develop Dover's cargo business with a new cargo terminal and distribution centre. The project is currently in the initial site preparation phase and is due to be operational by the end of 2018, with the focus then changing to the eastern docks for a further year. Development opportunities for the port facilities, the marina and Clock Tower Square are forecast to be complete by 2022.

4.3.2 The proposals see the former hovercraft landing area being converted into a cargo terminal, while Granville Dock, to its west, is to be infilled to become a logistics facility. To the south, the area around Lord Warden House and the Prince of Wales Pier are to be redeveloped, with a pedestrian link connecting them to the main waterfront to the north. The northern area itself will see the creation of a new pier, marina and a cutting to connect Wellington Dock, the area around which allows for residential and commercial development opportunities.

Comment

4.3.3 There are few views currently available from the Western Heights towards the western docks, the majority of possible viewpoints being screened by mature vegetation. The only location where direct and unfiltered views are available is from the vicinity of St Martin’s Battery (see Heritage Photograph H20). Oblique and filtered views are also available from Drop Redoubt and from the downland south of the Citadel (see Heritage Photograph H19). Snargate Street and the industrial area along the A20 also have filtered views of the proposed development area (see Heritage Photograph H22).

4.3.4 In all of these views the western docks development area is read in conjunction with the surrounding infrastructure, which includes the exiting docks, piers, terminals, railway, A20, industrial buildings as well as constant traffic movement on the roads, around the docks and in the harbour. The proposed development would not alter the existing character of the area created by these features and it would therefore be read in a similar manner in the views that it currently is. It is recommended to retain the important line of sight from Drop Redoubt through the North-East Line to the harbour via the gap in Waterloo Crescent (see Heritage Photograph H04).

4.3.5 The proposed removal of vegetation from parts of the area would not have a major impact on views of the Western Heights from the western docks area (see Heritage Photographs H05A, H06) as the amount of vegetation recommended to be removed in this area would be minimal. The structure of the views containing an industrial area backed by a steep and partly wooded escarpment with scattered open areas and occasional glimpsed buildings and fortifications beyond would not be dramatically altered.

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5.0 Character Areas & Vegetation Management

5.1.1 To facilitate implement the findings of this appraisal, the site has been divided into combined heritage and landscape character areas with vegetation management and maintenance options outlined for each.

5.2 Character Areas

5.2.1 The Western Heights site has been divided into twelve character areas, defined by taking into account historic features and uses and landscape character, and by considering the visual relationships important to the heritage, landscape character and visual amenity. The character areas derived from this analysis are shown on Figure HL23, and described below. Reflecting the aim to put forward recommendations for appropriate vegetation management, the character area descriptions focus on the role that vegetation plays in the interpretation of the fortifications from heritage, landscape and visual amenity points of view and how this can be enhanced through the management of vegetation.

1: Citadel and Western Outworks

5.2.2 These features form the centrepiece of the study site and are prominently located on its highest points. The Citadel is densely built up with modern buildings while the Western Outworks are predominately open, aside from a row of hutted barracks. The area is defined by lines, those around the Citadel being maintained in an open condition, while the remaining sections around the Western Outworks are overgrown. To the north of the character area the North-West Bastion is partly overgrown.

2: Drop Redoubt

5.2.3 Drop Redoubt is the most distinctive feature of the study area in views from Dover town centre and the harbour area, although its prominence is being reduced by encroaching vegetation on the surrounding defensive slopes. The Drop Redoubt benefits from the maintenance efforts of the Western Heights Preservation Society and visually it appears well-maintained with the vegetation within the lines managed as short grass and the within fort vegetation is kept largely under control.

3: Lines and Detached Bastion

5.2.4 The North Lines connect the Citadel and Drop Redoubt across the north-western part of the site and are divided by the Detached Bastion. Near Drop Redoubt these are maintained free of large vegetation. However, further west and around the Detached Bastion they become progressively overgrown and, in parts, are almost impenetrable. Limited clearance has recently taken place around the North Entrance. The South Lines have predominantly been removed and exist as a slope rather than as an embankment

65 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

or line, these features are almost entirely covered in scrub and woodland. The North- East Line, to the east of Drop Redoubt, is partly overgrown and damaged, although the important view along it to the harbour still exists.

4: Fortress Interior

5.2.5 This is a large character in the centre of the study area and covers an area that was originally composed of several large flat platforms, which were maintained free of intervening features to allow for sightlines between the Citadel and Drop Redoubt. The platforms still exist although they are now occupied with a mixture of modern housing, open areas of cut grass and rows of trees, which screen the original sightlines. The buildings and trees within the character area are visible on the skyline from much of the surrounding area.

5: Grand Shaft Barracks

5.2.6 The character area covers a large south-east facing terraced slope in the north-east of the site where the Grand Shaft Barracks once stood. The access road, building footprints and terraces still remain, as does the listed Grand Shaft staircase on the south-east boundary. Currently the site is becoming overgrown by scrub vegetation, which restricts views both in and out of the character area. Trees on the escarpment along the south-east boundary also aid in filtering views.

6: South Front Barracks

5.2.7 The character area covers part of the former South Front Barracks, to the south-east of the centre of the study area. It consists of a south facing slope with an area of modern housing on its highest section (other parts of the South Front Barracks lie within other character areas, e.g. Industrial, due to their present character). The housing area is private and therefore affords no options for vegetation management while the slope is covered either in dense scrub or woodland, which is encroaching from the east. Where vegetation allows, there are distant views across the Channel to the south.

7: Coastal Batteries

5.2.8 The upstanding remains of two large batteries exist within the study site, Citadel battery on the ridge top to the far west and St Martin’s Battery, which is located in a prominent position overlooking Dover Harbour towards the east of the site. The Citadel Battery is heavily covered in scrub, filtering the majority of views from it, while St Martin’s Battery, although surrounded by mature trees, retains its views across the harbour. This character area also includes the level platform at the site of the former South Front Battery, to the south of the Citadel. Although there are no upstanding remains of the feature, parchmarks show the existence archaeological remains of the battery under the surface.

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8: Woodland

5.2.9 A band of mature trees runs along the top of the eastern escarpment of the site, separating the cliffs from the Fortress Interior. The trees screen parts of the South Lines, Centre Road and the South Military Road, as well as forming a backdrop to the industrial area below and to St Martin’s Battery. The woodland forms a prominent feature on the skyline in the majority of views towards the Western Heights from the east.

9: Snargate Street

5.2.10 This small character area lies in the north-eastern part of the study area between an escarpment and the A20, containing the irregular row of old and new buildings facing Wellington Dock. The street originally had an opposite side, which was removed to make way for the A20. The steep escarpment behind the buildings is predominantly covered in tree and scrub vegetation, the highest of which partially filter views towards Drop Redoubt and the North-East Line from the harbour area.

10: Defensive Slopes

5.2.11 This large character area comprises the artificially sculpted Defensive Slopes that almost entirely encircle the site. They cover the area between the lines and modern development below, the woodland to the south-east and the Grand Shaft Barracks site being the only breaks. The higher slopes are predominately open chalk grassland with some scattered scrub, the density of which increases as the slope is descended. The lower slopes, particularly to the north, are covered in dense scrub interspersed with small copses. Although the vegetation is rarely high enough to screen features of the Western Heights in views, it does serve to dilute the prominence of the fortifications by visually breaking up the steep Defensive Slopes.

11: Industrial

5.2.12 The easternmost part of the site, at the foot of the escarpment, as well as a platform below the site of the South Front Barracks, is covered with modern industrial buildings. Although out of character with the rest of the Western Heights, they instead relate to the western docks across the A20 to the east. There is little vegetation around the buildings although the area is framed by woodland on the steep slopes above, which separates the modern buildings from the fortifications above. The location of the area at the foot of the slopes ensures that it is only visible from the harbour area.

12: Road network c.1811

5.2.13 The majority of the road network built to service the Western Heights still exists and forms the basis of the modern road network. The obvious exception is the North Entrance, which has been bypassed by cutting a new road through the North Lines to

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its east side. Although the road follows the original route, the South Entrance has been completely removed and is no longer visible when using the road.

5.2.14 Vegetation currently plays multiple roles in views both towards the site and within the site, screening, filtering or framing features and views. Notable features are screened from view and views of historical importance, either within or from the site, have become compromised by being screened of filtered by encroaching vegetation.

5.2.15 The proposals for managing the vegetation have been set out in a series of Action Plans, one for each character area. The vegetation management proposals are a compromise between vegetation removal to protect the historic fabric and to reinstate the historic understanding of the site, and retention to maintain the screening and ecological benefits provided by the vegetation.

5.3 Recommendations for managing vegetation

5.3.1 The recommendations that support the heritage and landscape interests of the Western Heights respectively are set out below. It is important that they can be taken forward and tested against biodiversity, access and stakeholder interests in IHGI management planning. The recommendations have been developed with the benefit of ecologist overview.

5.3.2 The proposals for vegetation management are set out in Volume 4: Vegetation Action Plans, by character area. For each area, an overview of the character area and its heritage, landscape and visual amenity aspects is provided. The significant view and visual relationships are described, and the role of vegetation in views, whether detracting or enhancing them. The management actions recommended for the vegetation in the character area are set out, with a map showing where the actions apply within the character area.

5.3.3 The recommended actions are summarised below in relation to heritage, landscape and visual amenity, and overall management and maintenance.

Heritage recommendations:

° Clear scrub vegetation from the Defensive Slopes to allow an appreciation of the scale and size of the fortifications in views from the surrounding area, including from Dover centre, Dover Castle, the harbour and in views from the north; ° Re-establish and maintain the important visual sightline between Drop Redoubt and the harbour along the North-East Line by clearing and managing vegetation; ° Enhance understanding of the terracing at the Grand Shaft Barracks by removing vegetation and maintaining it clear of filtering vegetation; ° Enhance the setting of the Grand Shaft Staircase and the visual connection between the site of the Grand Shaft Barracks and the harbour area by clearing filtering vegetation and emphasising the entrance to the staircase; ° Remove vegetation from the bastions to allow for views over the Defensive Slopes;

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° Ensure that vegetation screening detracting features, such as residential housing in the Fortress Interior, in views towards and within the fortification is retained for as long as those detracting features are present; ° Remove scrub to the west of the Western Outworks to reinstate the visual connection with the high ground to the south-west; ° Reinstate the sightlines along the lines from the gun emplacements by the clearance of vegetation that screens views and maintain free of woody and perennial vegetation; ° Demark the location of the former South Entrance and the North Line crossing the North Military Road to increase the historic understanding of the site; ° Clear vegetation, or create some appreciation of a linear route through vegetation, in the South Line adjacent to the former South Entrance to improve the understanding of this area as a former entrance; ° Clear vegetation that is screening notable features such as the North Entrance to aid in their historic interpretation and connection to the wider site; ° Retain vegetation that screens views of the folly to the rear of No. 137 Snargate Street, until such time that the folly can be actively managed to protect it from vandalism; and ° Clear vegetation obscuring the important view of Dover Castle from the north-east side of the folly.

Landscape and visual recommendations:

° Clear scrub vegetation from the Defensive Slopes to allow an appreciation of the scale and size of the fortifications in views from the surrounding area, including from Dover centre and in views from the north; ° Ensure that the visual connectivity between Drop Redoubt and the harbour along the North-East Line is maintained and that proposed development in the Dover Waterfront area does not compromise this relationship; ° Enhance the setting of the Grand Shaft Staircase and the visual connection between the site of the Grand Shaft Barracks and the harbour area by clearing filtering vegetation and emphasising the entrance to the staircase; ° Address the severing created by the A20 and York Road to increase connectivity between Dover centre, the harbour area and the Western Heights; ° Ensure that vegetation screening detracting features, such as residential housing in the Fortress Interior, in views towards the fortification is retained and maintained to ensure it continues its function; ° Retain the area of woodland on the site so it can continue to provide a visual buffer between the industrial area along the A20 and the fortifications of the Western Heights above; and ° Clear scrub from along the National Trails that cross the site so the ability to interpret the monument is increased and views are opened up towards the surrounding area.

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Recommendations for vegetation management and maintenance:

° Areas of maintained grassland, such as in the lines around Drop Redoubt and in the Fortress Interior, to continue to be regularly managed and retained as cut grassland; ° Areas of rough grassland, such as within Drop Redoubt, to be maintained free of woody vegetation and perennial vegetation to be kept to a minimum; ° Chalk grassland along the Defensive Slopes to be cleared of scrub and managed to be kept clear of woody and perennial vegetation to reinstate the visual connections between the bastions; ° Scrub and trees within the lines to be cleared and to be managed free of woody and notable perennial vegetation; ° The clearance deep-rooted material growing in the masonry on the revetments which is threatening stability, entailing consolidation as necessary; ° Areas of established woodland and notable copses and trees with ecological potential to be retained and managed; ° Vegetation screening detracting features, such as settlement within the Fortress Interior, to be retained and managed to continue its screening function; ° Vegetation screening features of historical significance, such as the site of the Grand Shaft Barracks and the North and South Entrances, to be removed and areas to be maintained free of woody and perennial vegetation; and ° Vegetation screening historic visual connections, such as between the Grand Shaft Barracks and the harbour, to be removed to re-establish the views providing that the vegetation is not providing beneficial screening.

6.0 Conclusions

6.1.1 From this combined heritage and landscape appraisal, it is apparent that the Western Heights area is affected negatively by 20th century development, both within the site and in its context area. However, open ridgelines and steep slopes retain an element of integrity in the historical character of the area. Features of the landscape which make a notable contribution to this character should be retained and enhanced.

6.1.2 The visibility of the Western Heights from both Dover harbour and from inland has been an important consideration for over 1800 years, the Romans having built a lighthouse on the site of where Drop Redoubt now stands. The location of the site on the highpoint of a spur ensures that it is visible from, and provides views to, all approach routes to Dover. In more local views, the site forms a prominent backdrop set against the harbour, White Cliffs, Dover Castle and Dover town centre.

6.1.3 As indicated by the ZTVs, the steep-sided spurs and ridgelines surrounding Dover screen visibility of the site from distant viewpoints.

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6.1.4 Although the site represents over 170 years of military occupation and near continuous development, it has been out of military use since World War II and has since fallen into disrepair. Parts of the site have become covered in woodland while large areas of the Defensive Slopes are becoming consumed by encroaching scrub, threatening the ability to interpret their historical purpose and significance and masking the visual prominence of the fortifications above.

6.1.5 The character of the site varies throughout, depending on the dominant local influences defined by buildings and/ or vegetation. The condition of the extant fortifications is also variable, those with regular maintenance still evoke a sense purpose and of their military capabilities, while others are being lost to the elements and are having their integrity threatened by encroaching vegetation and neglect.

6.1.6 The Fortress Interior, lines and Defensive Slopes were originally maintained free of notable vegetation to ensure lines of sight between defensive features were maintained and that there were no obstacles in the fields of fire. Vegetation has compromised the integrity of these functions, hiding the features and screening the intended views between them.

6.1.7 The south-easternmost part of the site, separated from the main part of the Western Heights by a steep wooded escarpment, retains few connections to the fortifications both visually and historically. The area is heavily built up with modern development and takes its character and visual connections from the adjacent harbour area to the south-east rather than from the Western Heights.

6.1.8 As well as the visual connections between the defensive features within the Western Heights, there are also important connections between the fortifications and features in the surrounding landscape. These include the view from Drop Redoubt to the harbour via the North-East Line, between the Grand Shaft Barracks and the harbour area and the intervisibility between the Western Heights, Dover Castle and Fort Burgoyne.

6.1.9 The Vegetation Action Plans set out recommendations for management and maintenance of vegetation, related to the different combined heritage and landscape character areas within the Western Heights. The management proposed is aimed at protecting the historic fabric of the Western Heights fortifications, reinstating the historic understanding of the site and the important visual relationships both between features of the site and with the surrounding context, while maintaining the screening and broad ecological benefits.

6.1.10 More detailed ecological studies, beyond the scope of this commission, on how landscape and built heritage is used by particular species, together with the Vegetation Action Plans will further integrate and optimise the various aspects of management of the Western Heights. The desire for a “holistic approach to management”, based upon understanding the role and interplay of the interrelated landscape, heritage, amenity, and ecological elements of the Western Heights, is the driver for this study, which will

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in turn contribute to development of an Integrated Heritage and Green Infrastructure (IHGI) management plan as part of the Western Heights Masterplan.

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Appendix 1 - Glossary

° ANGSt Accessible Natural Greenspace Standard ° AOD Above Ordnance Datum ° AONB Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty ° CIfA Chartered Institute for Archaeologists ° CZTV Cumulative Zone of Theoretical Visibility ° HER Historic Environment Record ° HLC Historic Landscape Classification ° IHGI Integrated Heritage and Green Infrastructure ° LCA Landscape Character Assessment ° LNR Local Nature Reserve ° LWS Local Wildlife Site ° NCA National Character Area ° NCR National Cycle Route ° NHLE National Heritage List for England ° PROW Public Right Of Way ° RCHME Royal Commission Historic Monuments of England ° SCA Seascape Character Assessment ° SEO Statement of Environmental Opportunity ° SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest ° ZTV Zone of Theoretical Visibility

° Banquette – a low platform in the rear face of a rampart, with a low parapet to enable infantry to fire over it (same as an infantry step) ° Barbette – a protective breastwork, or forward edge of an emplacement, over which guns fire ° Bastion – part of a fortification which projects from the main work to provide flanking fire for its defence ° Caponier – a powerful casemated work, projecting perpendicularly across a ditch for the purpose of delivering flanking fire ° – a bombproof vaulted chamber used for a variety of purposes, including artillery or small arms positions, storage of ammunition and to provide troop accommodation ° Citadel – a self- contained fortress intended as a place of last resort ° Covered Way – a continuous walkway, protected from enemy fire by an earthwork parapet ° Crenellated – furnished with crenelations, as a parapet or molding, in the manner of a battlement. ° En barbette – a gun mounted to fire over the forward edge of its emplacement ° Entrenched camp – a protected area for the assembly or re-organising of an army

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° Fieldwork – a temporary or semi-permanent fortification, usually an unrevetted earthwork, constructed during a field campaign or to meet an emergency need ° Flanking fire – Artillery or small arms fire coming from a flank (e.g. in a bastion or caponier) to sweep the length of the fortification ° Guard House – In this particular 18th centry context, a building fortified with thickened walls and loopholes for defence of a defined area. Normally, the guard house is found at the entrance to a military establishment, to check exit and entry of all personnel, and to confine those on a charge. ° Gun room – an enclosed chamber for an artillery piece of small arms; usually designed to fire along a ditch or flank ° Line – A massive ditch and a profiled rampart with banquette ° Magazine – A place for the storage of gunpowder. Generally applied to any ammunition storage, the term more particularly refers to the place where gunpowder was kept loose in barrels or cases (often called main magazine) ° Nissen hut – a type of temporary hut building invented in 1915, characterised by its semi-circular section composed of a double skin of corrugated-steel sheeting ° Parade Ground – A protected area on which regular musters and exercises take place ° Parapet – a low wall or earthen breastwork protecting the front or forward edge of a rampart, or the roof level of a building ° Pharos – a Roman lighthouse ° Rampart – the main defence of a fortification, comprising an often massive and carefully profiled earthwork, on or behind which a large part of the garrison and its weaponry are situated ° Redan – an outwork to a fortification, with two faces formed into a salient angle, and an open gorge to the rear ° Redoubt – a small enclosed work without bastions, often used as an outwork ° Re-entrant – an angle formed in the line of fortification to face inwards from the field ° Revetment – The retaining wall of a rampart or the side of a ditch ° Salient – an angle form in the line of a fortification to project outwards towards the field ° Scarp – The outer slope or revetment of a rampart, or the inner side of a ditch ° Tenaille – a low-lying defensive work sited in a ditch between bastions, designed to protect the main face of a fortification or curtain ° Terre-plein – a level surface on a rampart, behind the parapet, providing a platform for guns ° Work – a general term for any work of defence.

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Appendix 2 - List of Figures

Ref Title HL01 Site Location HL02 Site Features HL03 Designations - Heritage HL04 Designations - Scheduled Monuments HL05-1 Designations - Listed Buildings HL05-2 Designations - Listed Buildings HL06 Designations - Conservation Areas HL07 Designations - Protected Military Remains HL08 Designations - Heritage Coasts HL09-1 Kent HER Data HL09-2 Kent HER Data HL10-1 Kent HER Data HL10-2 Kent HER Data HL11 Kent HER Data - Historic Landscape Character HL12 Landscape Character HL13 Designations - Landscape HL14 Designations - Habitat and Species HL15-1 Designations - Public Access HL15-2 Designations - Public Access HL16 Visual Appraisal - Topography HL17 Visual Appraisal - Site Context HL18 Visual Appraisal - The Site HL19 Heritage Photographs HL20 Landscape Photographs HL21 National Tree Map Data HL22-1 Vegetation Map - Existing HL22-2 Vegetation Map - Proposed HL23 Character Areas HL24-1 ZTV Bare Earth – Overall Study Area HL24-2 ZTV Bare Earth – Citadel HL24-3 ZTV Bare Earth – Drop Redoubt HL24-4 ZTV Bare Earth – North Lines HL24-5 ZTV Bare Earth – Fortress Interior HL24-6 ZTV Bare Earth – Snargate Street HL24-7 ZTV Bare Earth – Dover Castle HL24-8 ZTV Bare Earth – Fort Burgoyne HL25-1 ZTV Screening Features – Overall Study Area

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HL25-2 ZTV Screening Features – Citadel HL25-3 ZTV Screening Features – Drop Redoubt HL25-4 ZTV Screening Features – North Lines HL25-5 ZTV Screening Features – Fortress Interior HL25-6 ZTV Screening Features – Snargate Street HL25-7 ZTV Screening Features – Dover Castle HL25-8 ZTV Screening Features – Fort Burgoyne HL26 ZTV Vegetation Removal Plan HL27-1 ZTV Veg Removal – Overall Study Area HL27-2 ZTV Veg Removal – Citadel HL27-3 ZTV Veg Removal – Drop Redoubt HL27-4 ZTV Veg Removal – North Lines HL27-5 ZTV Veg Removal – Fortress Interior HL28-1 CZTV Bare Earth HL28-2 CZTV Screening Features

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Appendix 3 - Appraisal Methodology

Heritage

A3.1 The methodology used for the heritage baseline gathering and identification key historic views is based on the principals contained within Historic England’s guidance documents Seeing the History in the View: a Method for Assessing Heritage Significance within Views (Historic England 2011) and Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3: The Setting of Heritage Assets (Historic England, 2015). At the time of writing the consultation is underway on a new Historic England guidance document, to conflate and supersede the two documents cited above, entitled Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3: Settings and Views of Heritage Assets (Historic England consultation draft). The methodology followed within this report is also in accordance with the principals outlined in the consultation draft. The baseline data gathering to inform the heritage appraisal was carried out in accordance with relevant sections of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment (CIfA 2014).

A3.2 The heritage appraisal process comprises a combination of desk studies and field surveys, with subsequent analysis.

A3.3 Establishing the heritage baseline involved:

° A review of heritage designations contained in the National Heritage List for England (NHLE) and non-designated heritage assets and archaeological events recorded in the Kent Historic Environment Record (HER); ° Compilation of archival research including analysis of historic ordnance survey maps and documents and plans and maps pertaining to the site at the National Archives, Kew; ° Review of previous heritage studies carried out at the site such as the Built Heritage Conservation Framework for Dover Western Heights (Gibbs 2012) and survey reports by the Royal Commission Historic Monuments of England 2-10 (RCHME 2001-2004)

A3.4 Identifying significant historic views of, from and within the study site:

° Using the results of the heritage baseline, and the knowledge of the present condition of the site, to identify key historic views for assessment that illustrate the study site’s former function, its development over time, and its present setting; ° The proposed viewpoints were discussed with stakeholders at Dover District Council, Dover Museum, Kent County Council, English Heritage and Historic England; and ° Broadly describing how vegetation would have appeared in these views historically and how that would contribute to the function, appearance and understanding of the study site;

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A3.5 Assessment of the role of vegetation in key historic views:

° Survey and photography of the key historic views identified. The surveys were carried out on 19th and 20th of January 2017. ° Describing and evaluating the present status of the key historic views of, from and within the site; ° Describing the vegetation and its role within these views, both past and present;

A3.6 Compiling the analysed data to inform proposed actions for vegetation management :

° In consultation with the landscape specialists, development a range of character areas that reflect the present character of the study site, its landscape and visual amenity and its historic character. ° In combination with high-level ecology advice and the results of the landscape appraisal, using the assessment of the role of vegetation in key historic views to produce a set of recommendations for vegetation management in each character area. ° Production of a series of action plans proposing vegetation management regimes for each character area.

Landscape

A3.7 The methodology used for assessing the landscape effects is based on the recommendations in Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 3rd Edition published by The Landscape Institute and the Institute of Environmental Management & Assessment in 2013 (GLVIA3). The methodology used is set out below.

A3.8 The appraisal process comprises a combination of desk studies, stakeholder meetings and field surveys, with subsequent analysis.

A3.9 Establishing the landscape baseline involved:

° A review of landscape designations and of other landscape studies relevant to the area, including national and local landscape character assessments; ° A review of landscape, heritage and ecological designations both within the site in and the context area; ° A review of public access and publically accessible areas within and around the site; ° Combining baseline information to inform potential vegetation removal to create ZTVs indicating potential visibility of the site and its significant features to inform viewpoint area selection; and ° A survey of the site and landscape context study areas and inspection of views of the site from publicly accessible viewpoints, including a photographic survey. The surveys were carried out on the 19th and 20th of January 2017. The viewpoints used were discussed with the Principal Ecologist at Dover District Council.

A3.10 The landscape character of the Western Heights was established by:

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° Describing and evaluating the landscape of the site, surrounding landscape context and visual amenity; ° Analysing and describing of the landscape character of the Western Heights, the vegetation and its role in the landscape character and views to, from, and within the site; ° In discussion with the heritage specialists, examining past, present and predicted changes and analysing the potential effects on the landscape character and visual amenity of the Western Heights;

A3.11 The analysis of the visual amenity aspects of the Western Heights involved:

° Identifying the visual receptors and the role of Western Heights in their visual amenity; ° Analysis of the visual relationship of the Western Heights in views of, from and within the monument, where people can view and appreciate the site; ° Review and analysis of trees and woodland on the site, utilising National Tree Map data, site surveys and ecological expertise to establish the importance of vegetation and its role in views; and ° Identifying potentially sensitive visual receptors, analysis of their views and the role vegetation plays in them.

A3.12 The cumulative effects of proposed major developments on the Western Heights was considered through:

° An overview of the proposed developments and an analysis of their potential interactions with the Western Heights and the role of vegetation in this; ° Providing an appraisal of the effects of “no change” in the management of the site and of the strategic developments.

A3.13 The analysed data was compiled to inform proposals for vegetation management by determining its role in the visual amenity of receptors and in screening and filtering views. These conclusions produced a set of recommendations which were then taken forward to inform a set of Action Plans, proposing vegetation management regimes for each combined heritage and landscape character area.

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Appendix 4 - Heritage Designations within the Site

Fortifications, Roman lighthouse and medieval chapel on Western Heights

List Entry Summary This monument is scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as amended as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance. This entry is a copy, the original is held by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

Name: Fortifications, Roman lighthouse and medieval chapel on Western Heights List entry Number: 1020298

Location The monument may lie within the boundary of more than one authority. County: Kent District: Dover District Type: District Authority Parish: Dover National Park: Not applicable to this List entry. Grade: Not applicable to this List entry. Date first scheduled: 08-Aug-1962 Date of most recent amendment: 09-Mar-2001

Legacy System Information The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system. Legacy System: RSM UID: 30282

Asset Groupings This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.

List entry Description

Summary of Monument Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Reasons for Designation The fortifications at Western Heights survive well as a series of earthworks and brick and masonry structures which will retain archaeological evidence relating to the adaptation and development of their defences over more than 150 years. The remains represent the largest, most elaborate and impressive surviving example of early 19th century fortification in England. Together with other contemporary defensive works at Archcliffe Fort, Fort Burgoyne and Dover

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Castle, Western Heights provides an insight into the continuing military importance of Dover during the 19th and 20th centuries. In addition, the Roman lighthouse, the medieval chapel and the field terracing will retain archaeological remains relating to the earlier occupation of the headland. The use of parts of the monument for recreational activities and the provision of history and nature trails give it importance as a public amenity and a valuable educational resource.

History Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Details The monument includes the remains of a Roman lighthouse, field terraces and a medieval chapel subsequently surrounded by 18th, 19th and 20th century defensive works, all situated on a prominent chalk ridge known as the Western Heights which overlooks the town of Dover. The Roman lighthouse, the medieval chapel and a portion of the northern defences are in the care of the Secretary of State. The Grand Shaft and the Officers' Mess (now used by HM Prison Service) are Grade II Listed Buildings.

The lighthouse on Western Heights is one of a pair constructed in around the 1st century AD on the headlands flanking either side of the major Roman port of Dubris to help guide in cross- channel traffic. Its foundations survive as two 1m square blocks of flint, tile and mortar which were apparently moved to their present location on the eastern side of the Drop Redoubt during construction of the officers' quarters in 1850. However, the remains are close to their original position. In the 12th century a chapel was built on the southern edge of the Heights, 500m south-west of the lighthouse. The chapel, of which the flint and mortar core of the foundations and a small area of stone facing survive, had a circular nave 10.6m in diameter and a rectangular chancel 7.6m in length and 4.3m wide. Its unusual form, which mirrors that of the church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, has led to suggestions that it was constructed by the Knights Templars, a group of whom are believed to have left Dover before 1185. Western Heights has been extensively modified by landscaping associated with its later military usage but the lighthouse, chapel and a fragmentary series of field terraces visible immediately beyond the scarp at the foot of the northern defences demonstrate that it was occupied from much earlier times.

The defences on Western Heights were initially begun in 1779 during the war with America, Spain, Holland and France, and although in 1781 the Board of Ordnance purchased 33 acres of land, by the end of the war in 1783 the works were still not completed. A map of 1784 shows a bastioned fort on the site of the present Drop Redoubt, a series of earthwork batteries and a second bastioned work extending for the full width of the western side of the plateau. A 350m length of bank and double ditch situated on the scarp between the present Citadel and North Centre Bastions probably belongs to this early building phase. Little further work was done at the site until the outbreak of war with France in 1793. Between 1793 and 1796, 4,885 pounds was spent on building, but this ceased entirely from 1797 to 1804. Following a renewed invasion scare, during 1803-1804 plans were drawn up by Captain William Ford to enhance the existing fortifications with the intention of housing a garrison of sufficient size to secure the Heights against attack, whilst enabling it to direct flanking fire onto any invasion force attempting to assault the town and port from the west. The defences were to consist of a main defensive point

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or citadel on the western side of the Heights and a redoubt on the eastern side linked by strong defensive lines; their construction began in April 1804 under the direction of Lt Col William Twiss. The Drop Redoubt was built between 1804 and 1815 and commands extensive views of the town, harbour and castle. It has bomb proof barracks for 200 men and was intended to mount 12 of the heavy 24 pounder guns, with two carronades for close protection. When initially begun, the Citadel consisted of a large parade ground surrounded by store houses, barracks, magazines and an unrevetted defensive ditch. It was originally planned to arm the Citadel with forty-three 18 pounder guns, and 31 carronades. Water for the barracks was supplied via a well 130m in depth.

Troops needed to be able to move rapidly between the Heights and the town below and this was facilitated by the construction of the Grand Shaft staircase. The Grand Shaft was built between 1805 and 1807 to a design by Capt Hyde Page and consists of three spiral staircases around a vertical circular brick shaft which descends for 140 steps to a tunnel linking up with Snargate Street. Slightly north of the Grand Shaft was the Grand Shaft Barracks with accommodation for 1,300 men, 59 officers and eight horses. Both this and a 180 bed military hospital near the Archcliffe Gate were completed in 1804 but have subsequently been demolished to foundation level. When the armistice with France was signed in 1814 both the Citadel and the North Centre Bastion on the North Lines remained unfinished. Between 1793 and 1815 a total of 238,889 pounds had been spent on the fortifications. In 1815 just 1000 pounds were spent and in 1816 nothing at all. Only the Drop Redoubt remained garrisoned after 1816 and the Heights were let for grazing. Work in completing and revetting the ditches around the Citadel did not begin again until 1853 and also included the addition of flanking casemates and a two storey casemated barracks in the South Lines designed to accommodate an extra 500 men. At the end of the in 1856 five returning regiments were temporarily encamped upon the Heights in tents.

The unification of Germany and the perceived threat of Naploeon III led, in 1859, to the appointment of a Royal Commission to review the state of England's fortifications. Both the Commission's secretary, Major W F D Jervois and his superior, General Sir John Fox Burgoyne, Inspector General of Fortifications had already reviewed Dover and as a result it was recommended that work continue to complete, deepen and revet the North and South Lines, to add flank defences to the Drop Redoubt, construct officers' accommodation within the Citadel and add an advanced work on the high ground at its western side. The Citadel and the Drop Redoubt were also to be made intervisible and the resultant landscaping necessitated the removal of the top of the ridge, with the excavated chalk used to increase the angle of the scarps beyond the lines. The completed lines stretch for almost 12km and consist of 9m wide ditches cut to a depth of between 9m and 15m into the natural chalk. The sides of the ditches are faced either with brick, or in later constructional phases flint with coursed brickwork and pits were dug at each angle in order to prevent direct passage along their base. The angles are also overlooked by loopholed galleries or casemates running behind the revetment walls, or have loopholed covered walkways or caponiers, all of which would have allowed the ditches to be swept with artillery and small arms fire whilst providing access to outworks such as the Citadel Outer Bastion and the North Centre Detached Bastion, finally completed between 1860 and 1874.

It had been recognized as early as the Napoleonic war that any attack on the Heights would

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come from the high ground immediately west of the Citadel and the new Western Outwork, completed before 1867, was designed to combat this threat. The outwork is triangular in plan and consists of a converging pair of ditches which extend for 200m from the western side of the Citadel and originally met in a polygonal work with two casemated and loopholed caponiers. The caponiers and the tip of the Western Outwork have been buried by landfill but survive intact. The defences of the Citadel were further enhanced by the new Officers' Mess of 1860, designed by Jervois and incorporating a bomb proof roof, loopholes and embrasures. Additional accommodation for 400 soldiers was provided by South Front Barracks, built in 1860 within a deep trench excavated on the southern face of the Heights. The barracks also had a bomb proof roof of vaulted brick and earth, but were demolished in the 1960s. In around 1867 the North Lines Right Battery was constructed immediately west of the Drop Redoubt. It was intended to be mounted with four 64 pounder rifled muzzle loaders (RMLs). This battery, which may also have been known as St Stephen's Battery, survives as a series of emplacements. A second battery, Drop Battery was already in existence immediately to the south of the redoubt and was mounted with three 24 pounders. By 1876 it had three 42 pounders and three 7 inch rifled breech loaders (RBLs), but was disarmed in 1886 and only the two magazines remain visible.

There were originally two access points to the Western Heights, the North Entrance and the Archcliffe Gate. The North Entrance has been superseded by a modern road cut through the North Lines in 1967 but survives intact. It consists of bridge supports originally carrying the North Military Road across the outer ditch onto a tenaille or island within the North Lines, from which the road continued southwards across a second bridge and through a tunnel in the rampart to the inner gateway. The inner gateway includes a guardroom and a stairway giving access to an artillery store, a magazine and gunrooms looking out across the North Lines. Southern access was via the South Military Road and the Archcliffe Gate, a substantial brick gate with an external which was demolished to foundation level in the 1960s. The ditches adjacent to it were filled with rubble, but a partially buried caponier is visible to the west in addition to a series of bricked-up caves cut into the natural chalk face. These are of unknown function but are clearly shown on a plan of 1814 and may relate to the pre-military use of Western Heights.

After the major work on Western Heights during the 1860s and 1870s, efforts in the latter part of the 19th century concentrated on improving coastal defence. St Martin's Battery was constructed on a terrace cut into the southern slope of the Heights in the 1870s and mounted three 10 inch rifled muzzle loaders (RMLs). However, the battery was superseded by the construction between 1898 and 1900 of Citadel Battery, and had been disarmed by 1908. Citadel Battery lay immediately west of the Western Outworks, and contained three 9.2 inch guns. The battery survives as three semi-circular concrete gun pits, with underlying magazines, holdfasts and the remains of the metal gun floors, in addition to some associated structures.

Following the completion of the new Admiralty harbour at Dover in 1907, an Admiralty Port War Signal Station controlling all shipping within the harbour was located on Western Heights, but moved to Dover castle in 1914. During World War I the Heights were primarily used for their barrack accommodation, although Citadel Battery remained armed and in 1916 Drop Redoubt was provided with searchlights and two 6 pounder Hotchkiss guns to counter air raids, whilst the Citadel received a single 3 inch gun. Following the outbreak of World War II and the renewed threat of invasion, three 6 inch breech loaders were fitted to the disused St Martin's Battery,

83 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

where the old gun pits were filled with concrete, and concrete and brick gun houses built over the top. Two Type 23 pillboxes were also constructed nearby. The Citadel Battery now mounted two 9.2 inch guns and was provided with two Type 24 pillboxes and a spigot mortar. A further series of Type 23 and 24 pillboxes as built around the perimeter of the Heights for close defence and as complemented by weapons pits, slit trenches and blast shelters. The Western Heights were gradually abandoned by the Army in stages between 1954 and 1961.

A number of features are excluded from the scheduling; these are all fences, display, security and custodial fittings and facilities, modern services, buildings, goalposts, playground equipment, the surfaces of all paths, roads and hard standings, all standing buildings within the Citadel and the Western Outworks, the building 100m north-east of the North Entrance, the two buildings south of Citadel Road adjacent to Heights Terrace and the Gun Shed; the ground beneath all these features is, however, included.

The construction of a series of houses immediately east of the Citadel and in the area adjacent to the North Entrance is considered to have caused significant disturbance to archaeological deposits relating to the militia huts, the buildings, the School Master's Quarters and the coal yard. These houses and their gardens, including the ground beneath them, are therefore totally excluded from the scheduling.

Selected Sources Books and journals Burridge, D, A Guide to the Western Heights Defences, Dover, (1992) Construction Services HM Prison Service , , HMYOI Dover, (1995) Peverely, J, Dover's Hidden Fortress, (1996) Royal Commission on Historical Monuments of England, , Dover Western Heights, (1999) Royal Engineers , , Dover, Western Heights - Citadel Barracks - Western Outworks, (1929) Saunders, A D, Citadel Battery, Western Heights, Dover, (1998) Saunders, A D, St Martin's Battery, Western Heights, Dover, (1998) Coad, J G, Lewis, P N, 'Post Medieval Archaeology' in The Later Fortifications of Dover, (1982) Wheeler, R E M, 'Archaeological Journal' in Roman Lighthouses at Dover, , Vol. 86, (1929) Other Kent County Council, TR 34 SW 16, Kent County Council, TR 34 SW 210, Kent County Council, TR 34 SW 222, Kent County Council, TR 34 SW 31, Kent County Council, TR 34 SW 82, Ruins of a Round Church at Dover, Archaeologia Cantiana, (1877)

National Grid Reference: TR 31038 40590

ADMINISTRATION BLOCK, DOVER YOUNG OFFENDERS INSTITUTION

List Entry Summary

84 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.

Name: ADMINISTRATION BLOCK, DOVER YOUNG OFFENDERS INSTITUTION List entry Number: 1375598

Location ADMINISTRATION BLOCK, DOVER YOUNG OFFENDERS INSTITUTION, WESTERN HEIGHTS The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority. County: Kent District: Dover District Type: District Authority Parish: Dover National Park: Not applicable to this List entry. Grade: II Date first listed: 08-Jul-1998 Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.

Legacy System Information The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system. Legacy System: LBS UID: 469562 Asset Groupings This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.

List entry Description

Summary of Building Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Reasons for Designation Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

History Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Details TF 3140 DOVER WESTERN HEIGHTS

685/7/10010 Admin block, Dover Young Offenders Institution

GV II

Formerly known as: Officers' Quarters, Western Heights. Officers’ quarters within citadel, now offices. 1861, by the Inspector-General of Fortifications. Red brick with limestone dressings and

85 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

flat asphalt roof. Gothic Revival style. Double-depth plan. EXTERIOR: 2 storeys and basement; 15-window range. Similar front and rear elevations have deep projecting centre bays, cornice and deep parapet to a former bomb-proof roof. The entrance is flanked b buttresses with a flat 2- centre archway and steps up to a mid C20 door beneath a pair of gun ports and a panel wit the royal coat of arms dated 1861. Windows have paired Tudor-arched lights with 4/4-pane sashes under flat-ground-floor and 4-centre arched first-floor arches, with a mid-point Tudor-arched doorway to the inner elevation with flanking lights, under cross-light oriels with weathered coping to front and rear. Large clasping buttress to the ashlar ends, which are divided into 3 bays, the middle one narrower with gun recesses and splayed side INTERIOR: The entrance hall has a large mid C20 stair, and rooms off an axial round-arched passage the length of the building. The basement contains former stables, stores and water tanks. HISTORY: Formed the quarters and mess for the officers in the Western Heights Citadel (SAM), which was built in the 1800s. The origin accommodation was all in casemates. With its gun ports and bomb-proof earth-filled roof, it was partly intended a defensible keep in the event of the Citadel being stormed. The level of defence is representative of a time of rapid developing artillery and fortifications.

Listing NGR: TR3093440433

Selected Sources Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details

GRAND SHAFT STAIRS AND ATTACHED RAILINGS

List Entry Summary This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.

Name: GRAND SHAFT STAIRS AND ATTACHED RAILINGS List entry Number: 1375599

Location GRAND SHAFT STAIRS AND ATTACHED RAILINGS, DROP REDOUBT ROAD The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority. County: Kent District: Dover District Type: District Authority Parish: Dover National Park: Not applicable to this List entry. Grade: II Date first listed: 08-Jul-1998 Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.

Legacy System Information The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system. Legacy System: LBS

86 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

UID: 469563

Asset Groupings This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.

List entry Description

Summary of Building Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Reasons for Designation Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

History Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Details TR 34 SW DOVER DROP REDOUBT ROAD (south side), Western Heights 865/7/10008 Grand Shaft stairs and attached railings

II

Underground spiral stair. 1803-05, by Sir Thomas Hyde Page, RE, under Lt Col William Twiss, RE Divisior Engineer. Brick and cast-iron. Three concentric flights of winder stairs round an open shaft, the opening at the top, with curved stairs meeting in a single flight up to the former parade ground in front of the barracks. SUBSIDIARY FEATURES: iron railings with urn finials found top of shaft and to stairs up, with a lamp standard on the stairs. HISTORY: connected the Grand Shaft Barracks (demolished) with Snargate Street at the base of the cliffs, to allow the rapid movement of troops between the barracks and the shore. The three stairs were designated for 'gentlemen and their ladies, officers and their wives, and soldiers and their women'. A 'bold and imaginative solution to communication problems (and) a unique piece of military engineering.' (Coad) (Post Medieval Arch: Coad J: The Later Fortifications of Dover: 1982-: 141- 200).

Listing NGR: TR3110241449

Selected Sources Books and journals Coad, J, 'Post Medieval Architecture' in Post Medieval Architecture, (1982), 141-200

143, SNARGATE STREET

List Entry Summary

87 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.

Name: 143, SNARGATE STREET List entry Number: 1363214

Location 143, SNARGATE STREET The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority. County: Kent District: Dover District Type: District Authority Parish: Dover National Park: Not applicable to this List entry. Grade: II Date first listed: 14-Nov-1988 Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.

Legacy System Information The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system. Legacy System: LBS UID: 177851

Asset Groupings This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.

List entry Description

Summary of Building Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Reasons for Designation Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

History Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Details TR 3141 DOVER SNARGATE STREET

2/148 No 143

GV II

House with shop on ground floor. Circa early C19 with C20 alterations. Buff- coloured Flemish

88 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

bond stock brick with concrete coping to the parapet and a hipped interlocking concrete tile roof. Large brick axial stack. Plan: One bay wide. End onto street has shop on ground floor. Situated in a row of adjoining buildings on the street front. Exterior: 3 storeys and attic, one window front. Ground floor has C20 shop front with high fascia. First and second floor each have early C19 bowed 20-pane sashes with thin pilasters and entablatures, the first floor sash is taller and the matchboarding above it appears to be a later alteration. Behind the parapet a hipped dormer with a C20 casement and concrete tile roof. Rear elevation not inspected. Interior not inspected.

Listing NGR: TR3178241060

Selected Sources Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details

144, SNARGATE STREET

List Entry Summary This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.

Name: 144, SNARGATE STREET List entry Number: 1258947

Location 144, SNARGATE STREET The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority. County: Kent District: Dover District Type: District Authority Parish: Dover National Park: Not applicable to this List entry. Grade: II Date first listed: 14-Nov-1988 Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.

Legacy System Information The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system. Legacy System: LBS UID: 177852

Asset Groupings This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.

List entry Description

89 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Summary of Building Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Reasons for Designation Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

History Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Details TR 3141 DOVER SNARGATE STREET

2/149 No 144

GV II

House with shop on ground floor. Circa early C19 with C20 alterations. Buff- coloured Flemish bond stock brick with concrete coping to the parapet and a gambrel roof clad in interlocking concrete tiles, the gable ends weatherboarded. Brick axial stack. Plan: one bay wide with shop on ground floor at front. Situated in a row of adjoining buildings on the street front. Exterior: 3 storeys and attic one window front. The ground floor has a circa early C20 shop front with a central doorway and flanking plate glass windows, its fascia has large console brackets at either end. First and second floor each have large early C19 bowed tripartite sashes with thin pilasters and entablatures, the first floor sash is taller of 16- panes flanked by narrow 5-pane side lights. Below the cill of the first floor window, the original bowed panels. 2 flat roof dormers in the gambrel roof with C20 casements. Rear elevation was not inspected. Interior was not inspected.

Listing NGR: TR3178441062

Selected Sources Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details

90 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Appendix 5 - Gazetteer of Designated and Non-designated Heritage Assets within the Study Area

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference Designated Heritage Assets 1002943 SM - TR 31470 41603 St Martin's Priory (remains of) 1004189 SM - TR 31898 41414 St Martin's Church 1004190 SM - TR 31929 41357 Saxon shore fort bastion, Queen Street 1004193 SM - TR 31894 40911 Fairburn-type crane, Wellington Dock 1004212 SM - TR 31841 41464 The Painted House, N of Market Street 1004213 SM - TR 31852 41443 The Bath House, N of Market Street 1005192 SM - TR 31627 41747 Maison Dieu 1012478 SM - TR 31831 41303 South-western section of the Roman Fort of the Classis Britannica, near Albany Place 1016420 SM - TR 31516 40283 Archcliffe Fort 1020298 SM - TR 31038 40590 Fortifications, Roman lighthouse and medieval chapel on Western Heights 1004209 SM - TR 32399 39943 Armstrong twin guns and turret, Admiralty Pier 1019075 SM - TR 32641 41807 Dover Castle 1004224 SM - TR 32454 42739 Fort Burgoyne 1005151 SM - TR 32261 41556 St James' Church 1069496 LB II* TR 31522 41560 RUINS OF CLOISTERS TO WEST OF THE REFECTORY OF ST MARTINS PRIORY DOVER COLLEGE 1069497 LB II* TR 31477 41529 LIBRARY DOVER COLLEGE

91 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference 1069498 LB II TR 31564 41566 WALL ALONG ELLINGHAM STREET DOVER COLLEGE THE TOWN HALL AND MAISON DIEU HOUSE 1069499 LB II* TR 31625 41738 THE TOWN HALL AND REMAINS OF MEDIEVAL MAISON DIEU 1069521 LB II* TR 31652 41724 MAISON DIEU HOUSE 1069522 LB II* TR 31920 41516 THE PARISH CHURCH OF ST MARY THE VIRGIN 1069526 LB II TR 32117 41586 1, MAISON DIEU ROAD (See details for further address information) 1069527 LB II TR 32126 41560 16-32, CASTLE STREET 1069528 LB II TR 32080 41520 40, CASTLE STREET 1069532 LB II TR 32111 41464 CASTLE INN 1070298 LB II TR 30707 41164 FORMER TRAM SHELTER AT JUNCTION WITH ELMS VALE ROAD 1070320 LB II TR 31926 41377 PRINCE REGENT PUBLIC HOUSE 1070321 LB II TR 32046 41222 NEW BRIDGE HOUSE 1070322 LB II* TR 31656 41661 ST EDMUNDS CHAPEL 1070333 LB II TR 31590 41661 11 TO 18 INCLUDING FRONT GARDEN AREA WALLS AND GATEPIERS 1070334 LB II TR 31576 41618 NOS 11 TO 19 INCLUDING FRONT GARDEN AREA WALLS AND GATEPIERS 1115595 LB II TR 31894 40330 LORD WARDEN HOUSE 1115624 LB II TR 32067 41506 48-58, CASTLE STREET 1115627 LB II TR 32087 41561 31-53, CASTLE STREET 1139020 LB II TR 31542 41775 19A AND 2-12, HIGH STREET 1139048 LB II TR 31556 41806 ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL (BLOCK DATED 1849) 1145888 LB II TR 32106 41525 1-7, RUSSELL STREET 1145901 LB II TR 32073 41174 1-30, WATERLOO CRESCENT 1258918 LB II TR 31626 41652 1-17, PRIORY ROAD 1258927 LB II TR 31631 41574 1-12, SAXON STREET

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Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference 1258947 LB II TR 31784 41062 144, SNARGATE STREET 1259411 LB II TR 31651 41777 SOUTH KENT COLLEGE LADYWELL ANNEXE 1273164 LB II TR 32046 41214 K6 TELEPHONE KIOSK 1273166 LB II TR 31643 40522 FORMER DOVER HARBOUR STATION 1273277 LB II TR 32021 41206 NOS 1 TO 9 INCLUDING BASEMENT AREA RAILINGS 1320334 LB II TR 32085 41522 NO 38 1343798 LB II TR 32098 41539 34 AND 36, CASTLE STREET 1343799 LB II TR 32070 41508 42,44 AND 46, CASTLE STREET 1343819 LB II* TR 31542 41582 THE SCHOOL HALL DOVER COLLEGE 1343820 LB II* TR 31436 41624 SCHOOL CHAPEL DOVER COLLEGE 1343821 LB II TR 31470 41647 SCHOOL HOUSE 1343822 LB II TR 31606 41481 THE ALMA PUBLIC HOUSE 1343823 LB II TR 31606 41700 1-19, HIGH STREET 1343832 LB II TR 31892 41281 UNITARIAN CHURCH AND VESTRY ADJOINING 1343833 LB II TR 31989 41283 MEDIAEVAL UNDERCROFT AT NUMBER 10 BENCH STREET 1343834 LB II TR 32063 41223 1-4, CAMDEN CRESCENT 1363193 LB II TR 31624 41600 1-10, NORMAN STREET 1363214 LB II TR 31782 41060 143, SNARGATE STREET 1363229 LB II TR 31942 41370 THE MARKET HALL 1375598 LB II TR 30934 40433 ADMINISTRATION BLOCK, DOVER YOUNG OFFENDERS INSTITUTION 1375599 LB II TR 31605 40907 GRAND SHAFT STAIRS AND ATTACHED RAILINGS 1392469 LB II TR 31398 41425 WORLD WAR II AIR RAID WARDENS' POST AT DOVER PRIORY STATION 1393603 LB II TR 32014 40409 FORMER CUSTOMS WATCH HOUSE

93 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference WELLINGTON DOCK AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES, INCLUDING CRANE SITUATED ON ESPLANADE 1393605 LB II TR 31839 40903 QUAY 1393606 LB II TR 31944 40738 CLOCK TOWER AND FORMER LIFEBOAT HOUSE 1393764 LB II TR 31797 40377 CINQUE PORT ARMS 1406098 LB II* TR 31640 41708 People of Dover war memorial 1420014 LB II TR 32056 41184 60th Rifles Memorial to Indian Mutiny 1432571 LB II TR 31892 41537 War memorial in the churchyard of the Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin, Dover - CA - - Dover - Town Centre - CA - - Dover - Western Heights - CA - - Dover - Dour Street - CA - - Dover - Dover College - CA - - Dover - Waterloo Crescent - CA - - Dover - Dover Castle DKE22185 PMR - - Crash site of Supermarine Spitfire I DKE22184 PMR - - Crash site of Supermarine Spitfire I DKE22261 PMR - - Crash site of Boulton & Paul Defiant I DKE22183 PMR - - Crash site of Hawker Hurricane I DKE22182 PMR - - Crash site of Hawker Hurricane I

Non-designated Heritage Assets

MWX43623 MON - - Slit trenches, Dover MWX43598 MON - - WWII earthwork, Dover MWX43599 MON - - Bomb Crater, Dover MWX43600 MON - - Possible military site, Dover

94 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference MWX43601 MON - - Barbed wire obstructions, Dover MWX43602 MON - - Large cut feature, Dover TR 34 SW 795 MON - - Shakespeare Beach pillbox MWX43488 MON - - Barbed Wire and Scaffold Beach Obstruction on Shakespeare beach, west Dover MWX43489 MON - - Anti-Tank Cubes, Eastern Shakespeare beach, West Dover. MWX43965 MON - - Dover Coastguard Station TR 34 SW 36 MON - - Remains of the church of St Martin-le-Grand MWX43596 MON - - WWII bomb craters, Dover MWX43624 MON - - Barbed wire obstructions, Dover MWX43311 MON - - WWII barrage balloon site and associated military structures, Aycliff, east of Dover MWX43958 MON - - North Pier jetty, Dover MWX43959 MON - - Dolphin jetty, Dover MWX43960 MON - - The Hardway, Dover MWX43603 MON - - Possible gun position or shelter, Dover MWX43604 MON - - WWII large cut feature, Dover MWX43470 MON - - WWII Air-raid shelter's east of Western Heights, Dover. TR 34 SW 835 MON - - South Lines Battery MWX43484 MON - - WWII Nissen Hut, West Dover TR 34 SW 84 MON - - Archcliffe Fort, Dover MWX43595 MON - - WWII ditched earthworks, Dover MWX43593 MON - - WWII bomb craters, Dover MWX43592 MON - - WWII air raid shelters, Dover TR 34 SW 2 MON - - Classis Britannica Fort, Dover

95 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 22 MON - - Remains of St Martin's Priory and 19th century Dover College TR 34 SW 86 MON - - The Bath House (2nd - 4th c) TR 34 SW 85 MON - - The Roman Painted House, Dover MWX43465 MON - - Large sub-circular earthwork to the south of Western Heights, West Dover. MWX43468 MON - - Slit Trench's south of Western Heights, Dover. TR 34 SW 100 MON - - Saxon Shore Fort, Dover (site of) TR 34 SW 82 MON - - Western Heights, Dover MWX43947 MON - - North pier, Dover MWX43952 MON - - Custom house, Dover MWX43450 MON - - WWII open roofed military structures, west of Dover. MWX43447 MON - - WWII bomb craters, west of Dover MWX43448 MON - - WWII slit trenches, Great Farthingloe Anti-Aircraft Battery, west of Dover. MWX43766 MON - - Rifle range, Dover MWX43605 MON - - WWII military building, Dover MWX43606 MON - - WWII potential barrage balloon site, Dover MWX43615 MON - - WWII roadblock, Dover MWX43616 MON - - WWII roadblock, Dover MWX43620 MON - - WWII roadblock, Dover MWX43621 MON - - WWII roadblock, Dover MWX43622 MON - - Military site, Dover TR 34 SW 1106 MON - - Steep-sided Roman ditch, Albany Place TR 34 SW 1105 MON - - Probable 2nd century chalk-block structures, Albany Place TR 34 SW 1107 MON - - Undated grave, Albany Place

96 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 1134 MON - - Two probable 2nd century rooms with hypocaust, opus signatum floors and painted plaster TR 34 SW 1108 MON - - Two certain undated graves and one possible grave, Albany Place TR 34 SW 1109 MON - - Probable 2nd century chalk-block structures, Albany Place TR 34 SW 1110 MON - - Roman chalk block wall, part of the Roman Classis Britannica fort TR 34 SW 1111 MON - - Roman chalk block wall, part of the Roman Classis Britannica fort TR 34 SW 1112 MON - - Possible medieval masonry structure, Cowgate Hill, Dover TR 34 SW 1115 MON - - Roman chalk block wall, part of the Roman Classis Britannica fort TR 34 SW 1116 MON - - Roman chalk block wall, part of the Roman Classis Britannica fort TR 34 SW 1117 MON - - Roman chalk block feature and wall, part of the Roman Classis Britannica fort TR 34 SW 1133 MON - - Probable 2nd century chalk-block structures, Albany Place MKE97827 MON - - Winchelsea Road Chalk Pit TR 34 SW 491 BLD - - The Citadel, Western Heights, Dover TR 34 SW 972 MON - - Former site of the Grand Shaft Barracks, Dover Western Heights TR 34 SW 621 MON - - Drop Redoubt, Western Heights, Dover TR 34 SW 1125 MON - - Unknown blocks at Dover Western Docks. TR 34 SW 1135 MON - - South boundary wall of the Grand Shaft Entrance Courtyard, Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1136 MON - - Site of the former guard chamber at the Grand Shaft entrance courtyard TR 34 SW 1137 MON - - Earlier 19th century cobbled surface leading to the Grand Shaft entrance courtyard on Snargate Street TR 34 SW 616 MON - - No 12 Bench Street, Dover Medieval/Post-medieval walls TR 34 SW 672 MON - - Cellar of The Old Beehive Inn TR 34 SW 673 MON - - Terracing, Rear Of 166-7 Snargate Street TR 34 SW 445 MON - - Victorian Wall, Snargate Street, Dover TR 34 SW 669 MON - - Medieval West Retaining Wall, York Street, Dover

97 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 670 FS - - Prehistoric Flints located off York Street, Dover. TR 34 SW 671 FS - - Roman Dump layer TR 34 SW 951 MON - - Medieval walls, York Street, Dover TR 34 SW 692 MON - - Roman Quay, Townwall Street, Dover TR 34 SW 1152 MON - - Dover’s Medieval Town wall located on Townwall Street TR 34 SW 1145 MON - - Site of a former ablutions block in the Grand Shaft entrance courtyard. TR 34 SW 1146 MON - - Sewer in the Grand Shaft entrance courtyard. TR 34 SW 1148 MON - - Ancillary buildings associated with the entrance courtyard to the Grand Shaft TR 34 SW 1149 MON - - Guard room associated with the entrance courtyard to the Grand Shaft, third phase TR 34 SW 1118 MON - - Site of Patent Slipway, Wellington Dock, Dover TR 34 SW 1150 MON - - Site of former engine house for Patent Slipway TR 34 SW 1151 MON - - Haulage cradle (now dismantled) associated with the Wellington Dock Slipway TR 34 SW 467 MAR - - The 'Dover boat', a Bronze Age boat TR 34 SW 1138 MON - - Site of the former guard chamber at the Grand Shaft entrance courtyard, second phase of construction TR 34 SW 1139 MON - - Site of the former lock-up room at the Grand Shaft entrance courtyard. TR 34 SW 1140 MON - - Site of the former officers guard room at the Grand Shaft entrance courtyard. TR 34 SW 1141 MON - - Site of the former Cell 1 at the Grand Shaft entrance courtyard. TR 34 SW 1142 MON - - Site of the former Cell 2 at the Grand Shaft entrance courtyard. TR 34 SW 1143 MON - - Site of the gas meter room at the Grand Shaft entrance courtyard. TR 34 SW 1144 MON - - Site of a former passage (?) in Grand Shaft entrance courtyard. TR 34 SW 986 MON - - Post medieval cellar, 149/150 Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1153 MON - - Post medieval cellar, 152 Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1154 MON - - Post medieval cellar, 153 Snargate Street

98 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 1155 MON - - Post medieval cellar, 154/155 Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1156 MON - - Post medieval walls 149-156 Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1162 MON - - Former site of the Soldiers Quarters Range A, the Grand Shaft Barracks TR 34 SW 1163 MON - - Former site of the Officers Quarters' Range B, the Grand Shaft Barracks TR 34 SW 1164 MON - - Former site of the Officers' Mess, the Grand Shaft Barracks TR 34 SW 1165 MON - - Former site of the stables at the Grand Shaft Barracks TR 34 SW 1166 MON - - Former site of the Soldiers' Quarters Range B at the Grand Shaft Barracks TR 34 SW 1167 MON - - Former site of the Staff Sergeants' Quarters at the Grand Shaft Barracks TR 34 SW 1168 MON - - Former site of the bread and meat store at the Grand Shaft Barracks TR 34 SW 1169 MON - - Former site of the Field Officers' Quarters Range A at the Grand Shaft Barracks TR 34 SW 1170 MON - - Former site of the Gymnasium at the Grand Shaft Barracks TR 34 SW 1157 MON - - Roman metalled surface TR 34 SW 1171 MON - - Former site the ancillary buildings on the lower terrace at the Grand Shaft Barracks TR 34 SW 1172 MON - - Former site the Troop stables and mobilization equipment store at the Grand Shaft Barracks TR 34 SW 1173 MON - - Former site the ancillary buildings on the intermediate terrace at the Grand Shaft Barracks TR 34 SW 1174 MON - - Former site the ancillary buildings on the middle terrace at the Grand Shaft Barracks TR 34 SW 203 MON - - Medieval Garderobe TR 34 SW 1158 MON - - Roman walling at Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1159 MON - - Opus Signinum floor, Snargate/Adrian Street TR 34 SW 605 MON - - Northampton Quay, post medieval road surface TR 34 SW 1161 MON - - Northampton Quay, post medieval cellar TR 34 SW 674 MON - - Wine Vault, 137 Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1175 MON - - Former site the ancillary buildings on the upper terrace at the Grand Shaft Barracks

99 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 579 MON - - Wind blown sand deposit TR 34 SW 1177 MON - - Medieval road metalling TR 34 SW 1178 MON - - Medieval occupation deposits TR 34 SW 1180 MON - - Medieval structure with barrel vaulted roof TR 34 SW 1196 MON - - Chalk block gutters and drains outside building 20 associated with the Classis Britannica fort TR 34 SW 1197 MON - - Metalled surfaces outside building 20 associated with the Classis Britannica fort TR 34 SW 1198 MON - - Part of the Saxon Shore fort wall TR 34 SW 1199 MON - - Part of one of the external towers on the Saxon Shore fort wall TR 34 SW 1200 MON - - Medieval rubbish pits and stone packed features TR 34 SW 1202 MON - - Post Medieval Graves TR 34 SW 1201 MON - - Metalled surface associated with the extra mural area of the Classis Britannica fort TR 34 SW 1203 MON - - Chalk block drain associated with barrack block 23 of the Classis Britannica fort TR 34 SW 1191 MON - - Extra Mural Structure associated with the Classis Britannica fort TR 34 SW 1395 MON - - Metalled surface associated with the Classis Britannica fort TR 34 SW 1193 MON - - Roman Dump layers associated with the Classis Britannica fort TR 34 SW 1194 MON - - Chalk block wall and clay floor of building 20 associated with the Classis Britannica fort TR 34 SW 1195 MON - - Opus Signinum floor of building 20 associated with the Classis Britannica fort TR 34 SW 1205 MON - - 19th to early 20th Arches with inserted bread oven TR 34 SW 1207 MON - - Possible Medieval demolition layer beneath the site of the former Grenada/ABC cinema TR 34 SW 1224 MON - - Peat deposit, Russell Street TR 34 SW 1220 MON - - Post medieval cellar, Russell Street TR 34 SW 1221 MON - - Possible early post medieval structure, Russell Street TR 34 SW 1223 MON - - Medieval rubbish pits, Russell Street

100 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 1226 MON - - Earlier phase of building at St. Edmunds Chapel, Dover TR 34 SW 1227 MON - - Possible relic pit at St. Edmunds Chapel, Dover TR 34 SW 1228 MON - - Base of former altar at St. Edmunds Chapel, Dover TR 34 SW 1233 MON - - Three Gun Battery, Bench Street/Townwall Street, Dover TR 34 SW 1204 MON - - Metalled surface associated with barrack block 23 of the Classis Britannica fort TR 34 SW 1254 MON - - Vaulted tomb near St Martin Le Grand TR 34 SW 1259 MON - - Possible post medieval well TR 34 SW 1255 MON - - Roman walling near the Church of St. Martin Le Grand TR 34 SW 1256 MON - - Prehistoric occupation level near the Church of St Martin Le Grand TR 34 SW 1258 MON - - Historic bank of the River Dour TR 34 SW 1257 MON - - Medieval walls near the Church of St Martin Le Grand TR 34 SW 1261 MON - - Roman burnt clay floor near St Martin Le Grand (first phase) TR 34 SW 1262 MON - - Roman walling and floors near St Martin Le Grand (second phase) TR 34 SW 19 MON - - Roman pier and harbour wall, Dover TR 34 SW 19 MON - - Roman pier and harbour wall, Dover TR 34 SW 1263 MON - - Building debris associated with a Roman building near St Martin Le Grand (third phase) TR 34 SW 1264 MON - - Walls and floor of a Roman building near St Martin Le Grand (fourth phase) TR 34 SW 1265 MON - - Fourth century Roman Grave located near St. Martin Le Grand TR 34 SW 1260 MON - - Roman walling near St Martin Le Grand (first phase) TR 34 SW 666 MON - - Later Medieval walling, Mill Lane, Dover TR 34 SW 667 MON - - Early post medieval walling, Mill Lane, Dover TR 34 SW 1268 MON - - Post Medieval stratification and road metalling, Mill Lane, Dover TR 34 SW 1346 MON - - Medieval masonry walling on Mill Lane and within the bed of the River Dour

101 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 1269 BLD - - 20th century Building 1, Cambridge Road Warehouses TR 34 SW 1270 BLD - - 20th century Building 2, Cambridge Road Warehouses TR 34 SW 1271 BLD - - 19th/20th century Building 3, Cambridge Road Warehouses TR 34 SW 1272 BLD - - 19th century Building 4, Cambridge Road Warehouses TR 34 SW 1273 BLD - - 19th century Building 5, Cambridge Road Warehouses TR 34 SW 1274 BLD - - 19th century Building 6, Cambridge Road Warehouses TR 34 SW 1275 BLD - - 19th century Building 7, Cambridge Road Warehouses TR 34 SW 1276 BLD - - 19th century Building 8, Cambridge Road Warehouses TR 34 SW 1277 BLD - - 19th century Building 9, Cambridge Road Warehouses TR 34 SW 1278 BLD - - 18th/19th century Building 10, Cambridge Road Warehouses TR 34 SW 1279 BLD - - 19th century Building 11, Cambridge Road Warehouses TR 34 SW 1280 BLD - - 19th century Building 12, Cambridge Road Warehouses TR 34 SW 1281 BLD - - 19th century Building 13, Cambridge Road Warehouses TR 34 SW 1282 BLD - - 19th century Building 14, Cambridge Road Warehouses TR 34 SW 1283 BLD - - 20th century Building 15, Cambridge Road Warehouses TR 34 SW 1284 BLD - - 20th century Building 16, Cambridge Road Warehouses TR 34 SW 1287 MON - - Post Medieval layers located below Castle Street. TR 34 SW 1288 MON - - Site of 149 Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1333 MON - - Medieval pits and wells located at the site of the former Fox's Bakery, Dover TR 34 SW 1289 MON - - Site of 150 Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1290 MON - - Site of 151-151a Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1291 MON - - Site of 152 Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1292 MON - - Site of 153 Snargate Street

102 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 1293 MON - - Site of 154 Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1294 MON - - Site of 155 Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1295 MON - - Site of 156 Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1296 MON - - Two storey structure to the rear of 149 Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1297 MON - - Tunnels within the cliffs to the rear of 149-156 Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1329 MON - - Later post medieval/Victorian occupation along Snargate Street/Northampton Quay TR 34 SW 1298 MON - - Site of 1 Cowgate Hill TR 34 SW 1299 MON - - Site of 3 Cowgate Hill TR 34 SW 1300 MON - - Site of 5 Cowgate Hill TR 34 SW 1301 MON - - Site of 7 Cowgate Hill TR 34 SW 1330 MON - - Post medieval occupation along Snargate Street/Northampton Quay TR 34 SW 1331 MON - - South pier/Train Ferry Dock and Dunkirk Jetty, Dover TR 34 SW 1332 MON - - Former site of 'The Guildhall Vaults' public House, Bench Street, Dover TR 34 SW 64 MON - - Romano-British road, located at the former site of Fox's Bakery, Dover TR 34 SW 107 MON - - Roman wall, part of the CLBR fort, located at the former site of Fox's Bakery, Dover TR 34 SW 1333 MON - - Medieval pits and wells located at the site of the former Fox's Bakery, Dover TR 34 SW 1328 MON - - Remains of the Transepts and Nave of St Martin's Priory, Dover TR 34 SW 1322 MON - - Stone built structure, Russell Street TR 34 SW 1323 MON - - Chalk block wall, Russell Street TR 34 SW 1324 MON - - Possible stone built structure, Russell Street TR 34 SW 1325 MON - - Brick built structure, Russell Street TR 34 SW 1326 MON - - Cut feature containing brick built wall, Russell Street TR 34 SW 468 MON - - Medieval cellars, undercroft and possible garderobe shafts, Bench Street, Dover.

103 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 1342 MON - - Medieval tower, east side of Bench Street, Dover. TR 34 SW 1343 MON - - Medieval walling, east side of Bench Street, Dover. TR 34 SW 1337 MON - - Post Medieval and 19th century cellar/boundary walls to the west of Bench Street, Dover. TR 34 SW 1338 MON - - Early Medieval pits and deposits to the west of Bench Street, Dover. TR 34 SW 580 MON - - Medieval Town Wall beneath the York Street Roundabout TR 34 SW 580 MON - - Medieval Town Wall beneath the York Street Roundabout TR 34 SW 193 MON - - Snar Gate (possible site of) TR 34 SW 581 MON - - Medieval features and deposits in Fishmongers Lane TR 34 SW 1339 MON - - Late post medieval/20th century walling on Fishmongers Lane, Dover TR 34 SW 1344 MON - - Post medieval walling, east side of Bench Street, Dover. TR 34 SW 1340 MON - - Later post medieval cellar walling beneath Bench Street/Bench Street pavement. Dover TR 34 SW 1341 MON - - Medieval undercroft, east side of Bench Street, Dover. TR 34 SW 191 MON - - Butchery gate TR 34 SW 192 MON - - Boldware gate TR 34 SW 668 MON - - foundations of the Old Town Mill, Mill Lane, Dover TR 34 SW 665 MON - - 19th century riverside Walling, Mill Lane, Dover TR 34 SW 1345 MON - - Post medieval cellar walls located on Townwall Street, Dover TR 34 SW 1347 MON - - Early post medieval masonry walling on Mill Lane and within the bed of the River Dour TR 34 SW 1348 MON - - Later post medieval masonry walling on Mill Lane and within the bed of the River Dour TR 34 SW 1349 MON - - Later post medieval 'New Bridge' TR 34 SW 1427 MON - - Site of the post medieval 'Cross Pent Wall' TR 34 SW 1428 LND - - Continuation of Strond Street, Dover TR 34 SW 1429 LND - - Round Tower Lane, Dover

104 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 1431 LND - - Former site of Council House street, Dover TR 34 SW 1433 MON - - Site of Paradise Pent, Dover TR 34 SW 1437 MON - - The post medieval Long Wall of the Great Pent TR 23 SW 1439 MON - - Post Medieval vaulted structures, walling and cellaring at the site of 137 Snargate Street, Dover TR 34 SW 1187 MON - - Roman child inhumation burial TR 34 SW 1186 MON - - Roman Cemetery near between Snargate and Adrian Street, Dover TR 34 SW 1185 MON - - Roman terrace between Adrian and Snargate Street, Dover TR 34 SW 159 MON - - Medieval building remains Queen St/ Last Lane Dover TR 34 SW 578 MON - - Queen Street / Last Lane; Post medieval remains TR 34 SW 1440 MON - - Norman Cess pits located to the rear of the crypt restaurant TQ 85 SE 300 MON - - CHATHAM AND DOVER RAILWAY TQ 84 SW 1 MON - - LONDON AND DOVER RAILWAY TR 35 SW 357 MON - - Roman Road TR 04 SE 120 MON - - Roman road TQ 55 SE 124 MON - - PILGRIM's WAY / NORTH DOWNS WAY TR 34 SW 999 MON - - Dover Corporation Tramway TR 34 SW 1126 MON - - Dover Town Wall TR 34 SW 1352 MON - - Post Medieval demolition debris from the former site of Snargate Street and Last Lane TR 34 SW 1354 MON - - Areas of metalling and chalk block barrack walls associated with the CLBR fort. TR 34 SW 1438 MON - - The location of the post medieval outer harbour wall TR 34 SW 917 BLD - - Tunnel to the East Musketry Gallery, Dover Western Heights North Centre Bastion TR 34 SW 419 MON - - Gun emplacement and small pillbox of non-standard design, WWII TR 34 SW 421 BLD - - A Second World War type A Quad pillbox, Dover Western Heights

105 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 425 MON - - Second World War Observation Post TR 34 SW 418 BLD - - Stebbing Down Square Pillbox TR 33 NW 49 BLD - - Square pillbox, Aycliffe TR 34 SW 424 BLD - - Second World War type C Quad pillbox, St Martin's Battery, Western Heights MKE98905 MON - - Post medieval / Medieval occupation layers, floors and walls TR 34 SW 1057 MON - - Pillbox at Shakespeare beach. TR 34 SW 1058 MON - - Pillbox at Shakespeare beach, Dover. TR 34 SW 1059 MON - - Pillbox at Shakespeare beach, Dover TR 34 SW 1060 MON - - Pillbox at Shakespeare beach, Dover TR 34 SW 1064 MON - - Pillbox, at sea front, Dover TR 34 SW 1069 MON - - Pillbox at Shakespeare beach, Dover TR 34 SW 506 MON - - Malt house(site), Dover TR 34 SW 507 MON - - Maltings(site) TR 34 SW 508 MON - - Dolphin passage maltings TR 34 SW 443 MON - - Medieval site at Ladywell Carpark, Dover TR 34 SW 458 MON - - Post medieval cemetery, White Cliffs TR 34 SW 462 MON - - Medieval site at 11-16 Biggin St, Dover TR 34 SW 132 MON - - Roman cemetery TR 34 SW 464 MON - - Modern chalk tunnels, Dover TR 34 SW 101 MON - - Roman road, Dover TR 34 SW 1246 FS - - Anglo Saxon Glass Vessel TR 34 SW 1249 MON - - Iron Age settlement, Dover town centre TR 33 NW 51 MON - - Second World War Pillbox, Old Folkestone Road

106 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 33 NW 55 BLD - - Aycliffe square pillbox (3), Shakespeare Cliff, west of Dover TR 34 SW 469 MON - - Arp wardens post, elms vale junction TR 34 SW 472 MON - - The horse trough, Second World War warden's post TR 34 SW 474 BLD - - St. Martin's Battery, Western Heights, Dover TR 34 SW 477 BLD - - A Second World War type B Quad pillbox, North Entrance, Dover Western Heights TR 34 SW 473 BLD - - Second World War Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers Workshop, Dover Western Heights TR 34 SW 979 MON - - Second World War Light Anti Aircraft battery, Dover Western Heights MWX43443 MON - - Great Farthingloe Anti-Aircraft Battery camp, Dover TR 34 SW 972 MON - - Former site of the Grand Shaft Barracks, Dover Western Heights TR 34 SW 621 MON - - Drop Redoubt, Western Heights, Dover TR 34 SW 499 BLD - - The Cambridge Road warehouses, Dover TR 34 SW 501 MON - - Walkers seed mill (site) TR 34 SW 503 MON - - Phoenix brewery, Dover TR 34 SW 502 MON - - Diamond brewery, Maxton TR 34 SW 504 MON - - Castle street brewery TR 34 SW 1003 BLD - - Victorian pillar box, Winchelsea Road / Folkestone Road TR 34 SW 517 MON - - WW1 Field Gun Position, The Citadel, Dover Western Heights TR 34 SW 525 MON - - Castle street, post medieval causeway TR 34 SW 532 MON - - Biggin Street Post Office Site TR 34 SW 582 MON - - Roman Building, Bench Street Dover TR 34 SW 583 MON - - Medieval deposits, Atina House, Bench Street, Dover TR 34 SW 585 MON - - Medieval deposits beneath Russell Street, Dover TR 34 SW 586 MON - - Post medieval cellars fronting onto St James Street, Dover.

107 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 584 MON - - Medieval remains within Flying Horse Lane Bridge, Dover TR 34 SW 592 MON - - Clerk's Pier and two round towers TR 34 SW 599 BLD - - Royal Victoria Hospital (formerly Dover Hospital) TR 34 SW 609 MON - - The Pier District and Paradise Harbour TR 34 SW 610 MON - - The Old Post Office Biggin Street, Dover TR 34 SW 620 MON - - Effingham Street, Medieval walls TR 34 SW 623 MON - - Medieval/Post Medieval features at the former Post Office at Biggin Street TR 34 SW 624 MON - - Roman features found at the former Post Office on Biggin Street, Dover TR 34 SW 632 FS - - Prehistoric Flints found at Archcliffe Fort, Dover TR 34 SW 633 FS - - Medieval Pottery Found at Archcliffe Fort, Dover TR 34 SW 634 MON - - Site of Possible Medieval Watchtower, Dover TR 34 SW 635 MON - - Site of Henrian Artillery Bulwark, Dover TR 34 SW 636 MON - - Probable crushed mortar floor, off Queen's Gardens, Dover, 2001 TR 34 SW 637 MON - - Large medieval refuse pit, 27-30 Queen's Gardens, Dover, 2001 TR 34 SW 638 MON - - Series of shallow pits cut into a Roman context, Queen's Gardens, Dover TR 34 SW 639 FS - - Pottery shards of Romano-British date, 27-30, Queen's Gardens, Dover, 2001 TR 34 SW 640 FS - - Mid Bronze Age to late Iron Age pot shards, Queen's Garden's, Dover, 2001 TR 34 SW 641 FS - - Multiple pottery shards dating from then post Roman period TR 34 SW 661 MON - - Roman Aqueduct , Dover TR 34 SW 664 MON - - Post Medieval Building Deposits, Town Yard, Dover TR 34 SW 663 MON - - Site of Dover Town Station and Railway Works TR 34 SW 1206 MON - - Brick lined well beneath the site of the former Grenada/ABC cinema TR 34 SW 1286 BLD - - The Beehive Inn, 167 Snargate Street, Dover

108 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 1225 MON - - In situ wooden post of possible Medieval date, Russell Street TR 34 SW 1147 MON - - Burial Vault associated with the former Wesleyan Chapel TR 34 SW 41 MON - - York Street Almshouses (site of) TR 34 SW 4 MON - - Roman Bath House (Site of) TR 34 SW 10 MON - - Romano-British burial ground TR 34 SW 11 MON - - Early-medieval jug and barrow, Dover TR 34 SW 14 MON - - Sit e of St. Peters Church, Dover TR 34 SW 16 MON - - Romano-British Pharos (site of) TR 34 SW 20 FS - - Late Bronze Age founders hoard, socketed axes TR 34 SW 21 MON - - Walling of re-used Roman material, Dover TR 34 SW 28 FS - - Bronze Age gold ear-ring or hair ornament, found 1853 TR 34 SW 248 MON - - Building remains at Dover Priory TR 34 SW 39 MON - - Roman building, Dover Market Square TR 34 SW 31 MON - - Church of the Knights Templar TR 34 SW 904 MON - - An unlined chalk shaft, Citadel Road, Dover Western Heights TR 34 SW 40 MON - - Roman cremation cemetery. Bronze Age gold armlet fd TR 34 SW 44 MON - - Romano-British walling etc fd TR 34 SW 45 MON - - Prob Roman walling and rubbish pit TR 34 SW 46 MON - - Romano-British walling etc TR 34 SW 47 FS - - Neolithic Celt TR 34 SW 48 FS - - Early-medieval bone comb TR 34 SW 50 FS - - Early-medieval brooches and buckles TR 34 SW 51 FS - - Late 13th c coin hoard found 1955

109 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 52 MON - - Romano-British crems (cemetery?) found 1867 TR 34 SW 61 FS - - Mervingian gold coin TR 34 SW 62 FS - - Iron Age silver coin found 1864 TR 34 SW 67 MON - - Chapel of Our Lady (Site of) TR 34 SW 68 MON - - Roman building TR 34 SW 70 FS - - Early-medieval glass cup TR 34 SW 73 FS - - Neolithic flint imps TR 34 SW 75 FS - - Early-medieval scramasax and bead found 1808 TR 34 SW 149 FS - - Saxon ring, TR 34 SW 96 FS - - Neolithic pottery and flints TR 34 SW 97 MON - - Neolithic occupation site TR 34 SW 103 MON - - Roman finds TR 34 SW 105 FS - - Roman finds TR 34 SW 108 MON - - Roman materials TR 34 SW 102 FS - - Roman finds including stamped (CLBR) tiles TR 34 SW 118 FS - - Roman finds on Snargate Street, Dover. TR 34 SW 120 FS - - Roman ornaments TR 34 SW 121 FS - - Roman tile and fibula TR 34 SW 124 MON - - Roman altar TR 34 SW 125 MON - - Roman marble head, Dover TR 34 SW 126 MON - - Roman Building on Cannon Street, Dover. TR 34 SW 131 FS - - Roman coin TR 34 SW 115 MON - - Roman features located near Albany Place, Dover

110 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 141 MON - - Four inhumation burials Prob part of a early medieval or Medieval cemy TR 34 SW 146 MON - - Northumbrian Cross TR 34 SW 157 FS - - Claw beaker TR 34 SW 139 MON - - Roman latrine found TR 34 SW 140 MON - - Dover Roman Town, Portus Dubris TR 34 SW 145 MON - - Saxon finds and Medieval graves near Queen Street Dover. TR 34 SW 164 FS - - Early-medieval Brooch TR 34 SW 165 FS - - Early-medieval fitments TR 34 SW 147 MON - - Dover Anglo-Saxon settlement TR 34 SW 184 PLA - - Port of Dover TR 34 SW 185 MON - - Twelfth Century Tomb TR 34 SW 114 FS - - Milestone cafe TR 34 SW 173 FS - - Anglo-Saxon Sceatta TR 34 SW 187 FS - - Roman Ring TR 34 SW 194 MON - - Possible site of Adrian Gate TR 34 SW 174 MON - - Early post-medieval Brick Walling TR 34 SW 178 MON - - Anglo-Saxon Town and Port of Dover TR 34 SW 181 FS - - North American Flints TR 34 SW 190 MON - - site of Fisher's Gate TR 34 SW 189 MON - - Possible site of St. Helen's Gate. TR 34 SW 183 MON - - Romano-British and medieval finds TR 34 SW 197 MON - - Biggin Gate TR 34 SW 211 MON - - Amherst Battery

111 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 228 MON - - Early medieval and medieval mint TR 34 SW 1231 FS - - 8 Reales piece or 'piece of eight' TR 34 SW 241 FS - - Medieval and post-medieval pottery TR 34 SW 887 BLD - - Citadel Battery, Dover Western Heights TR 34 SW 236 MON - - Part of the Roman Saxon Shore fort wall located beneath Market Hall (now Dover Museum) TR 34 SW 238 MON - - Masonry structure TR 34 SW 246 MON - - Romano-British and medieval finds TR 34 SW 1055 BLD - - Dover priory station TR 34 SW 441 MON - - Christchurch (Site of) TR 34 SW 450 MON - - Medieval site at dolphin lane, Dover TR 34 SW 451 MON - - Medieval site/Roman-early Medieval found at Royal Victoria Hospital Site, Dover TR 34 SW 902 MON - - South Lines Battery heavy machine gun post TR 34 SW 973 BLD - - The Gun Shed, Dover Western Heights TR 34 SW 420 BLD - - Second World War type D Quad pillbox, Citadel, Dover Western Heights TR 34 SW 1334 MON - - Medieval features along Bench Street TR 34 SW 678 MON - - Former site of 10 Bench Street TR 34 SW 832 MON - - Shakespeare Beach pillbox TR 34 SW 735 MON - - Former site of 190 Snargate Street TR 34 SW 718 MON - - Former site of 191 Snargate Street TR 34 SW 861 MON - - Former site of a building adjoining the gatehouse to the West Dover Collage TR 34 SW 814 MON - - Shakespeare Beach pillbox TR 34 SW 769 MON - - Shakespeare Beach pillbox TR 34 SW 795 MON - - Shakespeare Beach pillbox

112 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 796 MON - - Shakespeare Beach pillbox TR 34 SW 797 MON - - Western Dock pillbox TR 34 SW 798 MON - - Western Dock pillbox TR 34 SW 799 MON - - Marine Parade pillbox TR 34 SW 422 BLD - - Citadel south counterscarp type A Quad pillbox TR 34 SW 417 BLD - - Stebbing Down square pillbox, Dover TR 34 SW 423 BLD - - Citadel south counterscarp type A Quad pillbox TR 34 SW 788 MON - - South Front Battery TR 34 SW 974 MON - - Former site of South Front Barracks, Dover Western Heights TR 34 SW 911 FS - - Prehistoric flints found during a watching brief on the Astor Avenue pipeline diversion TR 34 SW 928 MON - - Post medieval cellar and drain, Dover Market Place MKE62777 FS - - Iron Age copper alloy coin MKE62778 FS - - Iron Age copper alloy coin MKE62779 FS - - Iron Age copper alloy coin MKE63049 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63050 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63051 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63052 FS - - Early Medieval copper alloy brooch MKE63053 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63054 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63055 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63056 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63057 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin

113 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference MKE63058 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63059 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63060 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63061 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63062 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63063 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63064 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63065 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63066 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63067 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63068 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63069 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63070 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63071 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63072 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63073 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63074 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63075 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63076 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63077 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63078 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63079 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63080 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin

114 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference MKE63081 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63082 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63083 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63084 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63085 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63086 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63087 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63088 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63089 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63121 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63122 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63123 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63124 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63125 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63126 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63127 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63128 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63129 FS - - Roman base silver coin MKE63130 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63131 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63132 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63133 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63134 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin

115 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference MKE63135 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63136 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63137 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63138 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63139 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63140 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63141 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63142 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63143 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63144 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63145 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63146 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63147 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63148 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63149 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63150 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63151 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63152 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63153 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63154 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63155 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63156 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63157 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin

116 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference MKE63158 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63159 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63160 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63161 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63162 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63163 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63164 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63165 FS - - copper alloy brooch MKE63166 FS - - Unknown copper alloy pendant MKE63167 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63168 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63169 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63170 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63171 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63172 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63173 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63174 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63175 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63176 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63177 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63178 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63179 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63180 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin

117 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference MKE63181 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63182 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63183 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63184 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63185 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63186 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63187 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63188 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63189 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63190 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63191 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63192 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63193 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63194 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63195 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63196 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63197 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63198 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63199 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63200 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63201 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63202 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63203 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin

118 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference MKE63204 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63205 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63206 FS - - Roman copper alloy scoop MKE63207 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63208 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63209 FS - - Early Medieval copper alloy ring MKE63210 FS - - Early Medieval copper alloy ring MKE63211 FS - - Early Medieval copper alloy clip MKE63212 FS - - Early Medieval copper alloy brooch MKE63213 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63214 FS - - Early Medieval copper alloy brooch MKE63215 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63216 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63217 FS - - Early Medieval copper alloy brooch MKE63218 FS - - Early Medieval copper alloy brooch MKE63219 FS - - Roman copper alloy coin MKE63220 FS - - Early Medieval copper alloy clip MKE63221 FS - - Early Medieval copper alloy hooked tag MKE63228 FS - - Iron Age copper alloy coin MKE63229 FS - - Iron Age copper alloy coin MKE63983 FS - - Medieval copper alloy finger ring MKE63984 FS - - Medieval copper alloy finger ring MKE63985 FS - - Post Medieval copper alloy coin

119 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference MKE63986 FS - - Post Medieval copper alloy buckle MKE63987 FS - - Post Medieval lead cloth seal MKE64121 FS - - Early Medieval copper alloy brooch MKE64122 FS - - Early Medieval copper alloy brooch MKE64159 FS - - Post Medieval silver finger ring MKE65841 FS - - Iron Age copper alloy coin TR 34 SW 934 BLD - - Gorely Almshouses TR 34 SW 1022 FS - - Anglo-Saxon gold shilling ('thrymsa'), Dover TR 34 SW 1023 FS - - Anglo-Saxon silver early penny ('sceat'), Dover TR 34 SW 1024 FS - - Anglo-Saxon silver penny, Dover TR 34 SW 1025 FS - - Anglo-Saxon gold shilling ('thrymsa'), Dover TR 34 SW 1026 FS - - Anglo-Norman silver penny, Dover TR 34 SW 1027 FS - - Anglo-Saxon silver penny, Dover TR 34 SW 1035 FS - - Anglo-Saxon silver early penny ('sceat'), near Dover TR 34 SW 1036 FS - - Anglo-Saxon silver early penny ('sceat'), near Dover TR 34 SW 6 MON - - Saxon cemetery, Priory Hill TR 34 SW 940 MON - - Second World War Heavy Anti-Aircraft battery, D7 TR 34 SW 941 MON - - A possible pre-1850 military ditch, Dover Western Heights TR 34 SW 186 MON - - Sun dial, coins and relics TR 34 SW 1000 BLD - - Milestone, Folkestone Road (B2011), Dover TR 34 SW 954 BLD - - Victorian pillar box, Granville Gardens, Waterloo Crescent TR 34 SW 956 BLD - - George V pillar box, St Johns Road / Folkestone Road TR 34 SW 957 BLD - - George V pillar box, Platform 1, Priory Station

120 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 961 BLD - - George VI pillar box, Snargate Street, near Union Street TR 34 SW 975 MON - - Drop Battery, Dover Western Heights TR 34 SW 976 BLD - - Pillbox, Citadel Battery, Dover Western Heights TR 34 SW 977 BLD - - A Second World War type B Quad pillbox, Drop Redoubt, Dover Western Heights TR 34 SW 490 BLD - - Second World War type 23 pillbox, Citadel Battery, Dover Western Heights TR 34 SW 978 BLD - - Second World War type 23 pillbox, Citadel Battery, Dover Western Heights TR 34 SW 492 BLD - - Type 23 Second World War Pillbox, St. Martin's Battery, Western Heights, Dover TR 34 SW 493 BLD - - Second World War Type 23 Pillbox, St. Martin's Battery, Western Heights TR 34 SW 1013 MON - - The Graves, a post medieval burial ground, Dover MKE87987 FRM - - Farmstead adjacent to Elms Lane TR 34 SW 1058 MON - - Pillbox at Shakespeare beach, Dover. TR 34 SW 505 MON - - Custom house quay brewery TR 34 SW 795 MON - - Shakespeare Beach pillbox TR 34 SW 1065 MON - - Pillbox on sea front, Dover TR 34 SW 1066 MON - - WWII type 22 pillbox, Dover TR 34 SW 1067 MON - - WWII type 22 pillbox, Prince of Wales of pier, Dover TR 34 SW 1068 MON - - Pillbox near train ferry dock, Dover TR 34 SW 1037 CRA - - Crash site of Supermarine Spitfire I TR 34 SW 1038 CRA - - Crash site of Supermarine Spitfire I TR 34 SW 995 MON - - Dover Hoverport, Western Docks MWX43453 MON - - Small WWII Nissen Hut, west of Dover. MWX43479 MON - - Two WWII Nissen Huts, west Dover. MWX43471 MON - - WWII Military Buildings south-east of Western Heights.

121 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 1043 MON - - Pre-First World War GPO (Gun Position Officer) post, Western Heights TR 34 SW 1044 MON - - No. 1 gun emplacement, Citadel Battery TR 34 SW 1045 MON - - No. 2 gun emplacement, Citadel Battery TR 34 SW 1045 MON - - No. 3 gun emplacement, Citadel Battery TR 34 SW 1046 BLD - - 'Pagoda' type pillbox, South Front, Dover Western Heights MWX43594 MON - - WWII nissen huts, Dover MWX43463 MON - - WWII Emergency Water Supply, west of Dover. MWX43597 MON - - Earthwork platform, Dover TR 34 SW 997 MON - - Second World War emergency water tank, Westbury Road, Dover TR 34 SW 998 MON - - Second World War emergency water tank, Clarendon Street, Dover MWX43608 MON - - WWII pillbox, Dover MWX43625 MAR - - Possible wreck, Dover Harbour TR 34 SW 1047 MON - - Maxton tram depot MWX43768 MON - - Reservoir, Commercial Harbour MWX43769 MON - - Gasometer, Dover TR 34 SW 496 MON - - Roman wall found at the Gorley Almshouses, Dover MKE92674 BLD - - White plaque on 7 Market Square, Dover MKE95190 FS - - Copper alloy dagger MKE95191 FS - - Copper alloy figurine MKE95197 FS - - Copper alloy coin MKE95198 FS - - Animal skeletal material pin MKE95199 FS - - Animal skeletal material pin MKE95200 FS - - Copper alloy seal box

122 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference MKE95201 FS - - Copper alloy finger ring MKE95202 FS - - Copper alloy brooch TR 34 SW 1113 MON - - Roman floor beneath No. 5 Cowgate, Dover TR 34 SW 1113 MON - - Roman floor beneath No. 5 Cowgate, Dover TR 34 SW 1114 MON - - 19th century cellars beneath No. 5 Cowgate, Dover TR 34 SW 1114 MON - - 19th century cellars beneath No. 5 Cowgate, Dover TR 34 SW 491 BLD - - The Citadel, Western Heights, Dover MKE97885 MON - - Site of Dover Pilot Watchtower. TR 34 SW 1129 MON - - Original Victorian road surface Citadel Road, Western Heights, Dover TR 34 SW 1131 MON - - Garrison Military Hospital, Dover TR 34 SW 1181 FS - - Roman Statue Head, found built into an Old wall at Messrs Dickinsons' Premises TR 34 SW 1160 LND - - Northampton Quay, riverine deposits Borehole 1 TR 34 SW 1188 LND - - Northampton Quay, riverine deposits Borehole 2 TR 34 SW 1189 LND - - Northampton Quay, riverine deposits Borehole 4 TR 34 SW 1176 MON - - Medieval riverside quay TR 34 SW 1179 MON - - Medieval rubbish pit TR 34 SW 1182 MON - - Roman Dump TR 34 SW 1393 MON - - Roman metalled surface TR 34 SW 1183 MON - - Medieval masonry building TR 34 SW 159 MON - - Medieval building remains Queen St/ Last Lane Dover TR 34 SW 578 MON - - Queen Street / Last Lane; Post medieval remains TR 34 SW 1394 MON - - Medieval building TR 34 SW 1190 LND - - Northampton Quay, riverine deposits Borehole 7

123 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 1229 FS - - Roman tile with inscription TR 34 SW 1230 FS - - Papal seal TR 34 SW 1232 FS - - Late Medieval Silver Coins uncovered during Zion Chapel excavations 1981 TR 34 SW 1234 FS - - Saxon Button Brooch, located within Anglo Saxon grubenhauser near Cannon Street Dover, TR 34 SW 1235 FS - - Roman Silver Toilet Spoon near painted house Dover TR 34 SW 1236 FS - - Samian bowl, Albany Place, Dover TR 34 SW 1237 MON - - Roman walling found in the Churchyard of St Marys Church, Cannon Street, Dover TR 34 SW 1238 FS - - Coin of Matidia found during Albany Place excavations, Dover TR 34 SW 1247 MON - - Saxon occupation at and near the site of the Saxon Shore Fort TR 34 SW 1250 MON - - Medieval window TR 34 SW 1251 MON - - Medieval walls outside Maison Dieu House (the library) TR 34 SW 1252 MON - - Medieval walling located beneath Connaught Hall, Dover TR 34 SW 1253 MON - - Clay pipe making debris TR 34 SW 204 FS - - Medieval pitcher TR 34 SW 19 MON - - Roman pier and harbour wall, Dover TR 34 SW 1266 FS - - Roman pottery assemblage associated with cremation burial site at Dover College TR 34 SW 1267 FS - - Roman Vessel found near Market Place Dover TR 34 SW 1285 MON - - Post Medieval dump filled with wine bottles TR 34 SW 111 FS - - Red deer antler & Roman spoon TR 34 SW 113 MON - - Tudor stone fireplace in Guildhall Vualts Public House TR 34 SW 116 FS - - Roman finds, Adrian Street/Five Post Lane, Dover TR 34 SW 128 FS - - Inscribed roman tile located on New Street, Dover. TR 34 SW 130 MON - - Roman cellar

124 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 137 MON - - Inscription on the west wall of the CLBR fort TR 34 SW 138 FS - - Roman gemstones, Cannon Street, Dover. TR 34 SW 1327 MON - - Site of Strangers hall, Dover Priory TR 34 SW 104 FS - - Roman finds, Market Square, Dover, 1922 TR 34 SW 106 MON - - Roman stones & rectangular post-hole, Church Street, Dover TR 34 SW 148 FS - - Anglo Saxon Disc brooh, Priory Hill Dover TR 34 SW 224 FS - - Anglo-Saxon Brooch, Priory Hill, Dover TR 34 SW 150 MON - - Saxon and Medieval Sites TR 34 SW 152 MON - - Saxon buildings TR 34 SW 195 MON - - Cow Gate (site of) TR 34 SW 196 MON - - St Martin's Gate (site of) TR 34 SW 207 FS - - Medieval Aquamanile TR 34 SW 225 FS - - Bretan Dish TR 34 SW 235 MON - - Medieval walls, pits and garderobe associated with St Martin-Le-Grand Church. TR 34 SW 198 MON - - Site of the Medieval town wall gate at Dolphin Lane TR 34 SW 1335 FS - - Roman Face Jar, Dover TR 34 SW 1248 FS - - Anglo-Norman Wheel Thrown spouted pitcher TR 34 SW 604 MON - - Medieval well located towards the northern end of York Street, Dover TR 34 SW 1350 MON - - Early riverine sediments located beneath the bed of the River Dour TR 34 SW 1351 MON - - Victorian brick built sewer located beneath the bed of the River Dour TR 34 SW 1353 MON - - South-west corner bastion of Dover’s Saxon Shore fort TR 34 SW 1355 MON - - Post medieval graves located near Queen Street, Dover TR 34 SW 1356 MON - - Five Victorian chalk blocked wells, along a20/ York Street

125 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 1358 MON - - Medieval pit located near Unitarian Church TR 34 SW 1361 MON - - Post medieval / Medieval floors and walls. St James' Street TR 34 SW 1364 MON - - Post medieval cellared building and make-up layers. Archcliffe Fort TR 34 SW 1365 MON - - Post medieval cellared building and make up. Archcliffe Fort TR 34 SW 1366 MON - - South line battery (19th century), Moat and searchlight placements. Archcliffe Fort TR 34 SW 1367 MON - - Fort entrance structure, fort wall (17th century) and Prehistoric occupation. Archcliffe TR 34 SW 1368 MON - - 17th/19th Century walls. Bulwark Hill associated with Archcliffe fort tr 34 sw 1369 MON - - 17th/19th Post medieval remains and Post Medieval harbour in-filling. Bulwark Street TR 34 SW 1370 MON - - Post medieval cliff retaining wall. Limekiln Street TR 34 SW 1371 MON - - Post Medieval building remains and 19th century brick culverts. Elizabeth Street TR 34 SW 1372 MON - - 19th Century brick vaults. 'The Graves' TR 34 SW 1373 MON - - Foundation of Holy Trinity Church. Railway Bridge TR 34 SW 1374 MON - - 19th Century lime kilns. Railway Bridge TR 34 SW 1375 MON - - Post medieval cellar. Railway Bridge TR 34 SW 1376 MON - - 18th/19th Century chalk vaulted cellars. Appledore TR 34 SW 1377 MON - - Medieval & Post medieval walls. York Street Roundabout TR 34 SW 1378 MON - - Post medieval Zion chapel & associated graves. Queen Street TR 34 SW 1380 MON - - Post medieval road metalling & cellars. Dover Spine main phase 1 TR 34 SW 1381 MON - - Post medieval access stairways. Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1381 MON - - Post medieval access stairways. Snargate Street TR 34 SW 1382 MON - - Medieval occupational debris. York Street TR 34 SW 1384 MON - - Post medieval cess tanks. Bench Street TR 34 SW 1385 MON - - Stratified Roman deposits. Westminster Bank Southside Market Square

126 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 1388 MON - - Medieval layers. York Street TR 34 SW 1389 MON - - Post medieval wall & cellar. York Street TR 34 SW 1390 MON - - Post medieval demolition, buildings and occupation deposits. Last Lane TR 34 SW 1391 MON - - Medieval / Post medieval graves. White cliffs experience site TR 34 SW 1356 MON - - Post medieval graves located near Queen Street, Dover TR 34 SW 1404 MON - - Post Medieval make-up layers & surfaces. Sea Sport Centre TR 34 SW 1405 MON - - Victorian cellars. St James area TR 34 SW 1406 MON - - Medieval & Post medieval buildings. Bench Street TR 34 SW 1407 MON - - Post medieval cess tank. Bench Street TR 34 SW 1410 MON - - Roman Wall. South-side Market Place TR 34 SW 1411 MON - - Golden bracelet & urns. Dover College TR 34 SW 1412 MON - - Roman figurine. Roman Baths Dover TR 34 SW 1413 MON - - Post medieval wall. Clarence Street, Dover TR 34 SW 1414 MON - - Roman shaft. Adrian Street TR 34 SW 1415 FS - - Roman amphora. Adrian Street TR 34 SW 1416 MON - - Dolphin Gate. Dolphin Lane TR 34 SW 1417 MON - - Medieval / Post medieval Cellar. Queen Street TR 34 SW 1419 FS - - Inscribed tile. New Street TR 34 SW 1422 MON - - Possible site of post medieval Bowling Green TR 34 SW 1423 MON - - Possible site of a post medieval pier, 'The New Head' TR 34 SW 1424 MON - - Possible site of two post medieval sluice gates between 'The Great Pent' and the main harbour at Dover TR 34 SW 1424 MON - - Possible site of two post medieval sluice gates between 'The Great Pent' and the main harbour at Dover TR 34 SW 1425 MON - - Site of the 'crooked' wall of the 'Great Pent'

127 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference TR 34 SW 1426 MON - - Gate/bridge between the northern end of 'The Great Pent' and 'East Broad Water' TR 34 SW 1430 MON - - Possible site of a post medieval round tower, Dover TR 34 SW 1432 MON - - Site of a post medieval bridge between Paradise Pent and the main harbour at Dover TR 34 SW 1434 MON - - Site of Archcliffe Chapel TR 34 SW 1435 MON - - Site of the post medieval 'South Head' pier, Dover Harbour TR 34 SW 1436 MON - - Site of the post medieval 'North Head' pier, Dover Harbour Historic Landscape Character 4239 12.6 - - Dockyards 4231 8.6 - - Shingle 4237 9.6 - - Post 1810 settlement (general) 7094 1.6 - - Rectilinear with wavy boundaries (?late medieval to 17th / 18th century enclosure) 4125 9.6 - - Post 1810 settlement (general) 4127 1.6 - - Rectilinear with wavy boundaries (?late medieval to 17th / 18th century enclosure) 4223 9.12 - - Prisons 4244 2.5 - - Common Marsh 7092 1.6 - - Rectilinear with wavy boundaries (?late medieval to 17th / 18th century enclosure) 7176 1.6 - - Rectilinear with wavy boundaries (?late medieval to 17th / 18th century enclosure) 7258 9.2 - - Scattered settlement with paddocks (post 1800 extent) 4126 6.1 - - Downland 4232 6.1 - - Downland 4241 6.1 - - Downland 7299 9.6 - - Post 1810 settlement (general) 4129 6.1 - - Downland

128 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference 4234 9.6 - - Post 1810 settlement (general) 4243 14.3 - - Post medieval (1500-1830) 4245 8.6 - - Shingle 4240 12.3 - - Industrial complexes and factories 4242 9.6 - - Post 1810 settlement (general) 4233 9.9 - - Town & city 1810 extent 7300 6.1 - - Downland 4123 8.6 - - Shingle 4124 2.5 - - Common Marsh 7298 6.1 - - Downland Archaeological Events EKE10483 INT - - Watching Brief at 23 Heights Terrace, Western Heights Dover EKE15263 INT - - Watching brief at Dover New Sea Sport Centre, 2006, new building site EKE10551 BND - - Watching brief at Dover New Sea Sport Centre, 2008 EKE10540 INT - - Watching brief New Water Booster Station, Dover Western Heights, EKE10543 INT - - Watching brief at Dover South Services, Limekiln Street, Dover EKE10543 INT - - Watching brief at Dover South Services, Limekiln Street, Dover EKE10543 INT - - Watching brief at Dover South Services, Limekiln Street, Dover EKE9644 INT - - Watching Brief at Gorely Almshouse, Dover, May 1997 EKE12467 INT - - Evaluation at 1-7 Cowgate Hill, Dover EKE12467 INT - - Evaluation at 1-7 Cowgate Hill, Dover EKE12467 INT - - Evaluation at 1-7 Cowgate Hill, Dover EKE12467 INT - - Evaluation at 1-7 Cowgate Hill, Dover

129 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE12467 INT - - Evaluation at 1-7 Cowgate Hill, Dover EKE12467 INT - - Evaluation at 1-7 Cowgate Hill, Dover EKE10750 BND - - Dover Market Square, Olympic TV construction watching brief EKE10496 INT - - Astor Avenue Diversion Pipeline Watching Brief EKE4248 INT - - Excavation in Queen Street, Dover EKE4260 INT - - Excavation of the Playground Site, Queen Street, Dover EKE4474 BND - - Excavation of the Battle of Britain Homes site, York Street, Dover EKE9650 INT - - Negative watching brief at 1-13 York Street EKE8476 INT - - Site of New Lidl Supermarket, Dover: Examination of Soil Test-Pits EKE8476 INT - - Site of New Lidl Supermarket, Dover: Examination of Soil Test-Pits EKE10484 INT - - Negative Watching Brief: No.9 Citadel Heights Dover EKE10475 INT - - Watching brief on a new fence-line at The Citadel, Western Heights, Dover EKE10475 INT - - Watching brief on a new fence-line at The Citadel, Western Heights, Dover EKE10502 INT - - Watching brief at Aycliffe Community Primary School EKE5084 INT - - 11-16 Biggin Street, Dover Watching Brief EKE11881 NON - - Survey of the Citadel Battery, Dover Western Heights fortress EKE11882 NON - - Survey of the site of the South Front Barracks, Dover Western Heights fortress EKE8974 INT - - Watching Brief at the Citadel, Western Heights, Dover EKE11877 NON - - Survey of the Grand Shaft Barracks site, Western Heights, Dover EKE11880 NON - - Survey of the North Centre and Detached Bastions of the Dover Western Heights fortress EKE10577 INT - - Evaluation at No 77 Folkestone Road, Dover, Kent EKE10420 INT - - A negative watching brief at No. 20 High Street, Dover EKE12693 BND - - Evaluation at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover

130 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15260 INT - - Evaluation at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover: trench 1 EKE4889 INT - - Watching brief on Oil Mill at Limekiln Street, Dover EKE12658 INT - - Watching brief at 25 Heights Terrace, Western Heights, Dover EKE4650 INT - - Cause is Alteres Public House Site, Princes Street EKE4651 INT - - Bacon Factory Site, Market Street EKE4654 INT - - Car Park Site, Queen Street EKE4655 INT - - School Yard Site, Queen Street EKE4656 INT - - Durham Hill South Site EKE4872 BND - - Evaluation in Russell Street car park, Dover 1990 EKE5988 INT - - Evaluation at Town Yard, Dover Western Docks EKE8476 INT - - Site of New Lidl Supermarket, Dover: Examination of Soil Test-Pits EKE10469 NON - - St James Area, Dover: Desk-based assessment EKE10469 NON - - St James Area, Dover: Desk-based assessment EKE10469 NON - - St James Area, Dover: Desk-based assessment EKE8476 INT - - Site of New Lidl Supermarket, Dover: Examination of Soil Test-Pits EKE8476 INT - - Site of New Lidl Supermarket, Dover: Examination of Soil Test-Pits EKE8476 INT - - Site of New Lidl Supermarket, Dover: Examination of Soil Test-Pits EKE8476 INT - - Site of New Lidl Supermarket, Dover: Examination of Soil Test-Pits EKE8476 INT - - Site of New Lidl Supermarket, Dover: Examination of Soil Test-Pits EKE5742 INT - - Evaluation at Cow Lane, Dover EKE10536 INT - - Watching brief at the New Sports Hall, The Citadel, Western Heights, Dover EKE10577 INT - - Evaluation at No 77 Folkestone Road, Dover, Kent EKE4859 INT - - Evaluation of the Biggin Street Post Office site, Dover

131 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE4860 INT - - Biggin Street Post Office excavation, Dover EKE5040 BND - - Excavation at the Dover Grand Shaft Project: The Snargate Street entrance EKE5578 INT - - Watching Brief at HM Young Offenders Institution Dover EKE15196 NON - - Archaeological Implications Study for the Dover Western Docks 1993 EKE6080 BND - - Evaluation of the Dover Grand Shaft Project, Snargate Street Entrance, Dover EKE15226 INT - - Evaluation of the Dover Grand Shaft Project, Snargate Street Entrance, Dover Test pit 1 EKE5788 INT - - Evaluation off Queen's Gardens, Dover EKE5788 INT - - Evaluation off Queen's Gardens, Dover EKE5788 INT - - Evaluation off Queen's Gardens, Dover EKE5788 INT - - Evaluation off Queen's Gardens, Dover EKE5788 INT - - Evaluation off Queen's Gardens, Dover EKE5988 INT - - Evaluation at Town Yard, Dover Western Docks EKE5988 INT - - Evaluation at Town Yard, Dover Western Docks EKE5988 INT - - Evaluation at Town Yard, Dover Western Docks EKE4255 INT - - Excavation at Cowgate Hill, Dover EKE14888 NON - - Report on the Patent Slipway, Wellington Dock, Dover 1997 EKE4245 BND - - Adrian Street/Snargate Street 1955 EKE15057 INT - - Evaluation of a Site at Albany Place, Dover: Trench AB-1 EKE15010 INT - - Archaeological Watching Brief Report Western Heights, Dover, Kent, Scheduled Ancient Monument EKE15058 INT - - Evaluation of a Site at Albany Place, Dover: Trench AB-2 EKE15059 INT - - Evaluation of a Site at Albany Place, Dover: Trench AB-3 EKE8150 BND - - Evaluation at Dolphin Lane, Dover 1992 EKE15083 INT - - Evaluation at Dolphin Lane, Dover 1992

132 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15084 INT - - Evaluation at Dolphin Lane, Dover 1992 EKE15085 INT - - Evaluation at Dolphin Lane, Dover 1992 EKE4475 BND - - Evaluation of a Site at Albany Place, Dover EKE15089 BND - - Paleoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15179 BND - - St James Area, Dover: Ground penetrating radar survey, 2004 EKE15180 NON - - St James Area, Dover: Ground penetrating radar survey, 2004, Access way 1 EKE15181 NON - - St James Area, Dover: Ground penetrating radar survey, 2004, Access way 2 EKE15184 BND - - Flood Alleviation Works, Castle Street, Dover 1998 EKE5777 BND - - Watching brief at Archcliffe Fort, Dover EKE15197 INT - - Watching brief at Archcliffe Fort, Dover 1996, soakaway pit EKE15198 INT - - Watching brief at Archcliffe Fort, Dover 1996, drain trench EKE5778 BND - - Watching brief at Archcliffe Fort 1997, Dover EKE15202 BND - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation EKE15185 BND - - Excavations at the Zion Chapel Site 1981 EKE15203 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: South Lines, Aycliffe EKE15204 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Archcliffe Fort EKE15205 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Bulwark Hill EKE15206 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Bulwark Street EKE15207 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Limekiln Street EKE15208 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Elizabeth Street EKE15208 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Elizabeth Street EKE15209 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: The Graves EKE15210 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Railway Bridge

133 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15211 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Appledore Works EKE15213 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Northampton Quay EKE15599 INT - - Excavations at St. Edmunds Chapel, area of deeper excavation EKE15215 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: The Crypt Restaurant EKE4812 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Bench Street EKE4812 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Bench Street EKE15217 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Townwall Street EKE15217 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Townwall Street EKE15217 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Townwall Street EKE15217 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Townwall Street EKE15220 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Mill Lane EKE15220 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Mill Lane The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Junction to Bench and EKE15216 INT - - Townwall Street EKE15218 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-92, Programme of Investigation: Queen Street/Last Lane Trench A EKE15223 INT - - Excavation at the Dover Grand Shaft Project: The Snargate Street entrance: Trench 1 EKE15225 INT - - Excavation at the Dover Grand Shaft Project: The Snargate Street entrance: Trench 2 EKE15227 INT - - Evaluation of the Dover Grand Shaft Project, Snargate Street Entrance, Dover Test pit 2 EKE15228 INT - - Evaluation of the Dover Grand Shaft Project, Snargate Street Entrance, Dover Test pit 3 EKE15221 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: New Bridge EKE15224 INT - - Excavations at the Zion Chapel Site 1981 EKE15229 INT - - Evaluation of the Dover Grand Shaft Project, Snargate Street Entrance, Dover Test pit 4 EKE15230 INT - - Evaluation of the Dover Grand Shaft Project, Snargate Street Entrance, Dover Test pit 5 EKE15231 NON - - Building Survey of Warehouses, Cambridge Road, Dover Harbour, Dover Group A

134 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15232 NON - - Building Survey of Warehouses, Cambridge Road, Dover Harbour, Dover Group B EKE15237 INT - - Flood Alleviation Works, Castle Street, Dover 1998 EKE5294 BND - - Watching brief Northampton Quay, Dover EKE4865 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-92, Programme of Investigation: Queen Street/Last Lane Trench C EKE15269 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 2 EKE15270 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 3 EKE15271 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 4 EKE15272 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 5 EKE15273 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 6 EKE15274 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 7 EKE15275 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 8 EKE15268 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 1A EKE15268 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 1A EKE15276 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 9 EKE15277 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 10 EKE15278 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 11 EKE15279 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 12 EKE15280 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 13 EKE15281 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 14 EKE15282 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 15 EKE15256 INT - - Watching Brief at 166-7 Snargate Street, Dover: trial trench EKE15254 INT - - Watching Brief at 166-7 Snargate Street, Dover: test-pit 1 EKE15255 INT - - Watching Brief at 166-7 Snargate Street, Dover: test-pit 2

135 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE6065 BND - - Watching Brief at 166-7 Snargate Street, Dover EKE14765 NON - - The Dover Town Regeneration Initiative: Archaeological Implications Report EKE15257 NON - - The Dover Town Regeneration Initiative: Archaeological Implications Report, Zone C EKE15258 NON - - The Dover Town Regeneration Initiative: Archaeological Implications Report, Zone F EKE15259 NON - - The Dover Town Regeneration Initiative: Archaeological Implications Report, Zone G EKE15238 INT - - Watching brief Northampton Quay, Dover. Test Pit 1 1998 EKE15239 INT - - Watching brief Northampton Quay, Dover. Test Pit 2 1998 EKE15240 INT - - Watching brief Northampton Quay, Dover. Test Pit 3 1998 EKE15241 INT - - Watching brief Northampton Quay, Dover. Test Pit 4 1998 EKE15242 INT - - Watching brief Northampton Quay, Dover. Test Pit 5 1998 EKE15243 INT - - Watching brief Northampton Quay, Dover. Test Pit 6 1998 EKE5536 BND - - Observations at No.12 Bench street, Dover, 2000 EKE15253 NON - - Observations at No.12 Bench street, Dover, 2000 EKE15283 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 16 EKE15284 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 17 EKE5586 BND - - Watching Brief at "Nu-Age" Nightclub, Snargate Street, Dover. 1999 EKE15287 INT - - Watching Brief at "Nu-Age" Nightclub, Snargate Street, Dover. 1999 EKE15290 NON - - The Dover Harbour Cambridge Road Warehouses, A historic Building Survey. Part 2 1997 EKE4867 BND - - Watching brief on service trench, west side of York Street, Dover EKE15292 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: York Street roundabout EKE15296 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-92, Programme of Investigation: Queen Street/Last Lane Trench D EKE15323 BND - - Multi storey car park, St. James' Lane EKE15324 INT - - Multi storey car park, St. James' Lane

136 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15325 BND - - Burlington House, Townwall Street, Watching Brief, 1970's EKE15326 INT - - Burlington House, Townwall Street, Watching Brief, 1970's EKE15327 BND - - MFI Showroom, corner of Castle Street and Woolcomber Street, Watching Brief EKE15328 INT - - MFI Showroom, corner of Castle Street and Woolcomber Street, Watching Brief EKE15294 INT - - Watching brief on service trench, west side of York Street, Dover EKE4966 BND - - Palaeoenvironmental Survey Dour Valley Catchment EKE15295 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Fishmongers Lane EKE15335 INT - - Dover Market Square, Olympic TV construction watching brief, TV trenching and piles EKE15341 NON - - St James Area Dover Geo-Environmental Desk Study EKE6057 BND - - Watching brief in the Unitarian Church car park, York street, Dover EKE15302 INT - - Unitarian Church Car Park Test Pit A EKE15303 INT - - Watching brief in the Unitarian Church car park, York street, Dover Test Pit B EKE15304 INT - - Watching brief in the Unitarian Church car park, York street, Dover Test Pit C EKE15305 INT - - Watching brief in the Unitarian Church car park, York street, Dover Test Pit D EKE15306 INT - - Watching brief in the Unitarian Church car park, York street, Dover Test Pit E EKE15348 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Trench B EKE15349 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Trench 1 EKE15350 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Trench 2 EKE15351 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Trench 3 EKE15352 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Trench 4 EKE15353 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Trench 5 EKE15354 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Trench 6 EKE15355 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Trench 7

137 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15356 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Trench 8 EKE15357 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Trench 9 EKE15358 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Trench 10/11 EKE11009 BND - - York St, Dover: Telecom Trench Watching Brief EKE15392 INT - - York St, Dover: Telecom Trench Watching Brief EKE15393 BND - - Trenching below the Unitarian Church 1951-52 EKE15394 INT - - Trenching below the Unitarian Church 1951-52, Trench XXX EKE15395 INT - - Trenching below the Unitarian Church 1951-52, Trench XXXI EKE15396 INT - - Trenching below the Unitarian Church 1951-52, Trench XXXII EKE15397 INT - - Trenching below the Unitarian Church 1951-52, Trench XXXIV Watching brief on the Bench Street-Townwall Street underpass, Dover, Bronze Age Boat and Roman EKE15293 INT - - harbour wall EKE15308 INT - - Adrian Street/Snargate Street 1955 EKE15307 INT - - Watching brief in the Unitarian Church car park, York street, Dover Test Pit F EKE15309 BND - - Centurian House, Bench Street EKE15310 INT - - Centurian House, Bench Street EKE15311 BND - - Antina House, Bench Street EKE15312 INT - - Antina House, Bench Street EKE15313 BND - - No. 8A, Bench Street EKE15314 INT - - No. 8A, Bench Street EKE15398 BND - - Adrian Street/Snargate Street excavations, Medieval Gardrobe, 1945 EKE15261 INT - - Evaluation at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover: trench 2 EKE6066 BND - - Watching Brief at No. 137 Snargate Street, Dover EKE14820 BND - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014

138 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15267 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Test Trench 1 EKE15315 BND - - Castle Street Dover, EKE15316 INT - - Castle Street Dover, EKE15317 BND - - Westminster Bank, South Side of Market Square, Dover, 1913 EKE15318 INT - - Westminster Bank, South Side of Market Square, Dover, 1913 EKE15319 BND - - Courts Showroom, Corner of Castle Street and Market Square, Watching Brief EKE15320 INT - - Courts Showroom, Corner of Castle Street and Market Square Watching Brief EKE15321 BND - - Flying Horse Lane Bridge 1992 EKE15359 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Trench 12/13 EKE15360 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Trench 14 EKE15361 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Trench 15 EKE15362 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Trench 16 EKE15363 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Trench 17 EKE15364 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Trench 18 EKE15367 INT - - Excavation of the Battle of Britain Homes site, York Street, Dover EKE15235 BND - - Excavations at St Martins Le Grand 1956 EKE15365 INT - - Excavations at St Martins Le Grand 1956 EKE15612 BND - - Excavation of a 12th century tomb adjoining St Martin Le Grand EKE15399 INT - - Adrian Street/Snargate Street excavations, Medieval Garderobe, 1945 EKE15591 BND - - Russell Street, Dover, Kent: Archaeological Evaluation Phase 1 EKE15596 INT - - Russell Street, Dover, Kent: Archaeological Evaluation Phase 1, Trench 8 EKE15597 INT - - Russell Street, Dover, Kent: Archaeological Evaluation Phase 1, Trench 9 EKE15427 INT - - Excavation at the white cliffs experience site, Trench 1

139 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15429 INT - - Excavation at the white cliffs experience site, Trench 11 EKE15431 INT - - Excavation at the white cliffs experience site, Trench 13 EKE15432 INT - - Excavation at the white cliffs experience site, Trench 14 EKE15433 NON - - Dover Terminal 2 -EIA: Historic Environment Impact and Mitigation Assessment EKE15406 NON - - Built Heritage Recording at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, Kent, CT17 9BZ EKE15342 NON - - Dover Sea Sport Centre: Report on Archaeological Implications of the Development EKE15344 NON - - The Dover Grand Shaft: Assessment of Archaeological Works Required at Snargate Street Entrance EKE15079 BND - - Excavations at Stembrook EKE15347 INT - - Excavations at Stembrook, Boiler House Trench EKE15434 INT - - Excavation at the white cliffs experience site, Trench 12 EKE15424 BND - - Excavation at the white cliffs experience site, Dover 1988-91 EKE15459 BND - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring EKE15462 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, Test Pit 2 EKE15463 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, Test Pit 3 EKE15464 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, Test Pit 4 EKE15465 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, Test Pit 5 EKE15598 INT - - Excavations at St. Edmunds Chapel EKE4243 BND - - Excavations at St. Edmunds Chapel EKE15600 BND - - Rescue Excavations at St. Marys Churchyard EKE15600 BND - - Rescue Excavations at St. Marys Churchyard EKE15601 INT - - Rescue Excavations at St. Marys Churchyard EKE15518 BND - - Wellington Dock, Dover, Union Street Improvements EKE15523 INT - - Wellington Dock, Dover, Union Street Improvements, trial trench 1

140 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15524 INT - - Wellington Dock, Dover, Union Street Improvements, trial trench 2 EKE15525 INT - - Wellington Dock, Dover, Union Street Improvements, trial trench 3 EKE15526 INT - - Wellington Dock, Dover, Union Street Improvements, trial trench 4 EKE15527 INT - - Wellington Dock, Dover, Union Street Improvements, trial trench 5 EKE15528 BND - - Proposed Sea Sport Centre at Esplanade, Dover Harbour EKE15529 INT - - Proposed Sea Sport Centre at Esplanade, Dover Harbour, Test pit 1 EKE15530 INT - - Proposed Sea Sport Centre at Esplanade, Dover Harbour, Test pit 2 EKE15531 INT - - Proposed Sea Sport Centre at Esplanade, Dover Harbour Test pit 3 EKE15533 INT - - Proposed Sea Sport Centre at Esplanade, Dover Harbour Test pit 4 EKE15536 BND - - Proposed Sea Sport Centre at Esplanade, Dover Harbour, phase 2: additional information Proposed Sea Sport Centre at Esplanade, Dover Harbour, phase 2: additional information, geophysical EKE15540 NON - - survey EKE15613 INT - - Excavation of a 12th century tomb adjoining St Martin Le Grand EKE15615 BND - - Excavations at St Martin Le Grand, 1950 EKE15617 INT - - Excavations at St Martin Le Grand, 1950 EKE15212 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Snargate Street (South of) EKE15212 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-1992, Programme of Investigation: Snargate Street (South of) EKE15610 BND - - Cable trench outside Maison Dieu House EKE15611 INT - - Cable trench outside Maison Dieu House EKE15541 BND - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2 EKE12217 NON - - An appraisal of nos. 3, 5 and 7 Cowgate Hill, Dover Archaeological monitoring during Borehole sampling and geotechnical test pits at Snoops Night club, EKE15584 BND - - Castle Street, Dover, 2008 EKE15587 INT - - Archaeological monitoring during Borehole sampling and geotechnical test pits at Snoops Night club,

141 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference Test Pit 1 Archaeological monitoring during Borehole sampling and geotechnical test pits at Snoops Night club, EKE15588 INT - - Test Pit 2 Archaeological monitoring during Borehole sampling and geotechnical test pits at Snoops Night club, EKE15589 INT - - Test Pit 3 EKE15590 NON - - Access and Heritage statement for the Dover Western Docks Revival Scheme EKE15642 NON - - Heritage Recording of Train Ferry Dock and Dunkirk Jetty EKE4761 BND - - MARKET HALL, MARKET SQUARE EKE4760 BND - - FOX'S BAKERY SITE, QUEEN STREET EKE15631 NON - - Map survey of the town and harbour of Dover, 1641 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment of the EDF site adjacent to Park Street and Maison Dieu Road, EKE15623 NON - - Dover, Kent EKE15624 INT - - Watching brief at Mill Lane, Dover EKE6032 BND - - Watching brief at Mill Lane, Dover EKE4658 BND - - Excavation of the Painted House, Market Street EKE15647 INT - - Excavation of the Painted House, Market Street EKE15648 BND - - Biggin Street Post Office excavation, Dover EKE15651 BND - - Evaluation at 1-7 Cowgate Hill, Dover EKE15652 INT - - FOX'S BAKERY SITE, QUEEN STREET EKE15653 INT - - MARKET HALL, MARKET SQUARE EKE15679 INT - - Archaeological watching brief at 'CJ's' Dance and Fitness Studio, Dieu Stone Lane, Dover Kent EKE15724 NON - - Historical map of Dover harbour. Thomas and Henry Hogben 1769 EKE15725 NON - - Plan of the Town and Harbour of Dover. John Rennie 1805 EKE15726 NON - - Dover Harbour (map). John Tucker 1833

142 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15262 INT - - Watching Brief at No. 137 Snargate Street, Dover EKE15727 NON - - Admiralty Harbour Dover Plan showing Proposed Works. Cook & Hammond 1896 EKE15729 INT - - Watching Brief at No. 137 Snargate Street, Dover; Southern trench. EKE15729 INT - - Watching Brief at No. 137 Snargate Street, Dover; Southern trench. EKE15729 INT - - Watching Brief at No. 137 Snargate Street, Dover; Southern trench. EKE15731 NON - - A panoramic view of Dover from the sea. EKE15709 NON - - Proposal for Dover Haven. 1580 EKE15710 NON - - The State of Dover Haven. 1581 EKE15711 NON - - Panoramic illustration of Dover. 1585 EKE15721 NON - - The state of Dover Haven with the New Workes. Thomas Digges 1595 EKE15722 NON - - Plan of lands Belonging to the Priory and a Master Buggkyn. Dover 1631 EKE15723 NON - - Plan of the Town, Harbour and Fortifications. Dover 1737 EKE15705 NON - - Dover Hayvn. Dover Harbour 1541 EKE15707 NON - - Works completed and works proposed at Dover Haven. Dover 1552 EKE15708 NON - - Aplan for Dover Haven. 1575 EKE15732 NON - - Plan of Dover Harbour. Thomas Digges 1582 EKE15733 NON - - Plan of Work to be done and already done. Thomas Digges? Dover 1590-92 EKE15368 BND - - Snargate Street/Adrian Street 1983-85 EKE15646 INT - - Snargate Street/Adrian Street 1983-85 EKE15735 INT - - The Dover Sewers/A20 Project, 1991-92, Programme of Investigation: Queen Street/Last Lane Trench B EKE5282 BND - - Watching brief on The Dover Spine Main 1996 EKE5328 INT - - Watching brief at The Pier District and Paradise Harbour, Dover EKE5348 INT - - Watching Brief along Dover Spine Main waterpipeline

143 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE5988 INT - - Evaluation at Town Yard, Dover Western Docks EKE10466 NON - - Desk-Based Assessment and Walk-Over Survey of Cow Lane to Dover Priory Raw Water Main EKE10567 INT - - Watching brief along the Cow Lane to Dover Priory Raw Water Main EKE10748 INT - - Watching brief at St Martin's Battery, St Martin's Steps and other sites on the Western Heights, Dover EKE10748 INT - - Watching brief at St Martin's Battery, St Martin's Steps and other sites on the Western Heights, Dover EKE10750 BND - - Dover Market Square, Olympic TV construction watching brief EKE10750 BND - - Dover Market Square, Olympic TV construction watching brief EKE11100 INT - - Watching brief on the Dover Western Heights Water Upgrade, 2007-8 EKE11967 INT - - Watching brief on fencework on the Dover Western Heights EKE15010 INT - - Archaeological Watching Brief Report Western Heights, Dover, Kent, Scheduled Ancient Monument EKE15187 INT - - Watching brief on The Dover Spine Main, Area 1a, 1996 EKE15188 INT - - Watching brief on The Dover Spine Main, Area 1b, 1996 EKE15189 INT - - Watching brief on The Dover Spine Main, Area 1c, 1996 EKE15199 INT - - Watching brief at Archcliffe Fort, Dover 1996, drain trench EKE15200 INT - - Watching brief at Archcliffe Fort, Dover 1996, cable trench EKE15201 INT - - Watching brief at Archcliffe Fort 1997, Dover, pipe trench EKE15234 INT - - Watching brief on The Dover Spine Main, Phase 1, 1996 EKE15190 INT - - Watching brief on The Dover Spine Main, Area 2, 1996 EKE15191 INT - - Watching brief on The Dover Spine Main, Area 3, 1996 EKE15192 INT - - Watching brief on The Dover Spine Main, Area 4, 1996 EKE15193 INT - - Watching brief on The Dover Spine Main, Area 5, 1996 EKE15194 INT - - Watching brief on The Dover Spine Main, Area 6, 1996 EKE15264 INT - - Watching brief at Dover New Sea Sport Centre, 2006, Car-park by Wellington Dock

144 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15265 INT - - Watching brief at Dover New Sea Sport Centre, 2006, Waterloo Crescent EKE15266 INT - - Watching brief at Dover New Sea Sport Centre, 2006, The Promenade EKE15336 INT - - Dover Market Square, Olympic TV construction watching brief, service trench section 1 EKE15337 INT - - Dover Market Square, Olympic TV construction watching brief, service trench section 2 EKE15338 INT - - Dover Market Square, Olympic TV construction watching brief, service trench section 3 EKE15339 INT - - Dover Market Square, Olympic TV construction watching brief, service trench section 4 EKE15340 INT - - Dover Market Square, Olympic TV construction watching brief, service trench section 5 EKE15503 NON - - Dover drainage area plan schemes; archaeological impact assessment EKE15720 NON - - Plan of Work at Dover Harbour. Thomas Digges 1588 EKE4263 BND - - CANNON STREET EKE15366 BND - - Last Lane, 1971 EKE4759 EVT - - YEWDEN'S COURT EKE5265 INT - - Watching Brief at Toilets at Biggin Hall, Dover EKE15656 INT - - Rescue excavations within Dover Town Centre ahead of development of York Street, Dover EKE4811 INT - - THREE GUN BATTERY (DOVER SEWERS/A20 PROJECT) EKE4818 INT - - Dadorne House Excavation EKE4819 INT - - DURHAM HILL NORTH SITE EKE4786 INT - - PAINTED HOUSE NORTH SITE, MARKET STREET EKE5243 INT - - Watching Brief at site of Public Conveniences, Biggin Hall EKE4762 EVT - - ST MARTIN-LE-GRAND BURIAL GROUND EKE4820 INT - - QUEEN STREET EKE5986 INT - - Watching Brief at Archcliffe Fort, Dover EKE8240 INT - - Geotechnical test pits and boreholes at 11-16 Biggin Street, Dover

145 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE4630 INT - - SOUTH LINES BATTERY (DOVER SEWERS/A20 PROJECT) EKE4643 INT - - ARCHCLIFFE FORT (DOVER SEWERS/A2O PROJECT) EKE4653 INT - - Gaol Lane EKE15654 BND - - Excavations at Bench Street, KARU 1974 EKE15655 INT - - Excavations at Bench Street, KARU 1974 EKE4716 EVT - - WESTERN HEIGHTS EKE5058 NON - - Survey of Royal Victoria Hospital (formerly Dover Hospital) EKE4242 BND - - DOVER COLLEGE EKE4247 EVT - - LAST LANE (LAST LANE/ADRIAN STREET) EKE4249 EVT - - FOX'S BAKERY, QUEEN STREET/WAREHOUSE SITE SOUTH EKE15285 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Bore hole 1 EKE15286 INT - - Watching brief at Nos 149-156 Snargate Street, Dover, March 2014 Bore hole 2 EKE4253 INT - - Excavation in York Street, Dover EKE4257 EVT - - ST MARTIN-LE-GRAND EKE4258 EVT - - ST MARTIN-LE-GRAND EKE4259 EVT - - ST MARTIN-LE-GRAND EKE4422 INT - - Re-excavation of the Painted House, Dover EKE4473 INT - - Watching Brief at Dover Western Heights fortifications EKE5001 INT - - Watching brief at site of Christ Church, Folkestone Road, Dover EKE8489 INT - - Tree-Ring Analysis of Timbers From Townwall Street, Dover EKE5776 EVS - - Survey of the Drop Redoubt, Western Heights EKE15244 INT - - Watching brief Northampton Quay, Dover. Borehole 1 1998 EKE5797 NON - - Survey of ARP Post, Priory Station, Dover

146 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE5803 NON - - Survey of St. Martins Battery, Dover EKE5075 INT - - Evaluation of work at 22 Knights Templars, Dover EKE15245 INT - - Watching brief Northampton Quay, Dover. Bore hole 2, 1998 EKE15246 INT - - Watching brief Northampton Quay, Dover. Bore hole 3, 1998 EKE15247 INT - - Watching brief Northampton Quay, Dover. Borehole 4 1998 EKE15248 INT - - Watching brief Northampton Quay, Dover. Borehole 5 1998 EKE5341 INT - - Dover & Folkestone Wastewater Treatment, Elizabeth Street Pumping Station, Progress Report. 1997 EKE8119 INT - - Ground Investigations at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Dover EKE8149 INT - - Evaluation at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Dover EKE15086 INT - - Evaluation at Dolphin Lane, Dover 1992, Borehole 1 EKE15087 INT - - Evaluation at Dolphin Lane, Dover 1992, Borehole 2 EKE15096 INT - - Site Index B2 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE12343 INT - - Dover Market Square boreholes EKE6047 INT - - Watching Brief at HM Young Offender's Institution, Dover Western Heights Citadel EKE8974 INT - - Watching Brief at the Citadel, Western Heights, Dover EKE13053 NON - - Desk based assessment of Dover Hoverport Terminal EKE5465 NON - - Building survey on the Old Post Office, Biggin Street, Dover EKE5932 INT - - Evaluation at H.M Youth Custody Centre, Dover EKE8410 INT - - Borehole investigation, Effingham Street, Dover EKE8204 EVP - - Geoarchaeological Site Assessment of the Former Royal Victoria Hospital Dover EKE12632 INT - - Evaluation at 16 Queens Gardens, Dover EKE9432 INT - - Watching brief at rear of 64 Pencester Road, Dover EKE10481 INT - - A watching brief at Dover Priory

147 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE11878 NON - - Survey of St Martin's Battery, Western Heights, Dover EKE14882 INT - - Albany Place, Dover, 1990: Borehole 1 EKE15401 INT - - Last Lane, 1971 EKE14883 INT - - Albany Place, Dover, 1990: Borehole 2 EKE9941 NON - - Survey at The Western Heights Dover, The Drop Redoubt EKE8478 INT - - Soils Investigation at Former Dry Cleaning Laundry Site, Cow Lane, Elms Vale, Dover EKE8867 INT - - Watching brief at Citadel Road, Western Heights, Dover EKE10498 INT - - Negative Watching Brief at 9 Citadel Heights, Western Heights, Dover EKE10573 INT - - Watching brief on the Dover Western Heights North Centre Bastion tunnel to the East Musketry Gallery EKE4905 INT - - Excavations at Dover Town Hall, Maison Dieu EKE10748 INT - - Watching brief at St Martin's Battery, St Martin's Steps and other sites on the Western Heights, Dover EKE10749 INT - - Watching brief for English Heritage on the Western Heights at Dover EKE11012 INT - - Watching brief at Ladywell carpark. EKE11089 INT - - Watching brief, The North Entrance, Western Heights, Dover EKE11093 INT - - Watching brief, Engineers Tunnel, Drop Redoubt, Western Heights, Dover EKE11096 INT - - Watching brief on Dover's Western Heights for White Cliffs Countryside Project EKE11487 NON - - Dover Town Investment Zone: Archaeological Appraisal Stage 3 EKE11879 NON - - Survey of the entrances to the Dover Western Heights fortress EKE11883 NON - - Survey of the miscellaneous structures associated with Dover Western Heights fortress EKE11973 INT - - Watching brief at the former Officers Quarters, The Citadel, Western Heights, Dover EKE11982 INT - - Watching brief at Archcliffe Fort, 2012 EKE12081 NON - - Survey of the Citadel, Dover Western Heights fortress EKE12108 NON - - Desk based assessment of Dover Western Heights and land at Farthingloe

148 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE12114 NON - - Desk based assessment of Cowgate Terrace and Albany House Archaeological monitoring during Borehole sampling and geotechnical test pits at Snoops Night club, EKE15585 INT - - Borehole 1 Archaeological monitoring during Borehole sampling and geotechnical test pits at Snoops Night club, EKE15586 INT - - Borehole 2 EKE12423 INT - - Watching brief on a sewer trench, The Graves, Dover EKE12702 NON - - Building survey of the Cinque Port Arms, 9 Clarence Place, Dover EKE4254 INT - - Two trial holes, Albany House EKE4652 INT - - Barwick's Yard Site, Market Street EKE4657 INT - - Market Square (West Side) EKE4659 NON - - Dover Pillboxes EKE4817 INT - - BMW SITE, TAVENOR'S LANE EKE5409 INT - - Watching brief at 17 Biggin Street, Dover EKE5408 INT - - Watching brief on two soil test pits at 17 Biggin Street, Dover EKE5581 INT - - Watching Brief at Shafts 5&6, Dover Infiltration Reduction Scheme. EKE13101 INT - - Watching brief to the rear of 21 Heights Terrace, Dover EKE5827 INT - - Watching Brief at Archcliffe Fort, Dover EKE8315 INT - - Borehole Survey at Dover Western Docks EKE13256 INT - - Watching brief at the former Officer Quarters, The Citadel, Dover Archaeological Monitoring of Geotechnical Investigation: Geotechnical Monitoring Report: St James Area EKE14833 INT - - Redevelopment, Dover EKE14884 INT - - Albany Place, Dover, 1990: Borehole 3 EKE14885 INT - - Albany Place, Dover: borehole survey EKE15010 INT - - Archaeological Watching Brief Report Western Heights, Dover, Kent, Scheduled Ancient Monument

149 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15010 INT - - Archaeological Watching Brief Report Western Heights, Dover, Kent, Scheduled Ancient Monument EKE15090 INT - - Site Index A1 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15091 INT - - Site Index A2 Pelaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15092 INT - - Site Index A3 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15093 INT - - Site Index A4 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15094 INT - - Site Index A5 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15095 INT - - Site Index B1 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15097 INT - - Site Index B3 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15098 INT - - Site Index B4 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15099 INT - - Site Index B5 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15100 INT - - Site Index B6 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15101 INT - - Site Index B7 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15102 INT - - Site Index B8 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15103 INT - - Site Index D1 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15104 INT - - Site Index D2 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15105 INT - - Site Index D3 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15106 INT - - Site Index D4 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15107 INT - - Site Index D5 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15108 INT - - Site Index D6 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15109 INT - - Site Index D7 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15110 INT - - Site Index D8 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15111 INT - - Site Index E1 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15112 INT - - Site Index E2 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993

150 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15113 INT - - Site Index E3 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15114 INT - - Site Index E4 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15115 INT - - Site Index E5 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15117 INT - - Site Index E7 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15118 INT - - Site Index E8 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15119 INT - - Site Index E9 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15120 INT - - Site Index F1 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15121 INT - - Site Index F2 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15122 INT - - Site Index F3 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15123 INT - - Site Index F4 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15124 INT - - Site Index F5 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15125 INT - - Site Index F6 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15126 INT - - Site Index G1 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15127 INT - - Site Index G2 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15128 INT - - Site Index I1 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15129 INT - - Site Index I2 Paaleoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15130 INT - - Site Index I3 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15131 INT - - Site Index I4 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15132 INT - - Site Index I5 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15133 INT - - Site Index I6 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15134 INT - - Site Index I7 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15135 INT - - Site Index I8 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15136 INT - - Site Index I9 Paeleoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993

151 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15137 INT - - Site Index J1 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15138 INT - - Site Index J2 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15139 INT - - Site Index K1 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15140 INT - - Site Index K2 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15141 INT - - Site Index K3 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15142 INT - - Site Index K4 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15143 INT - - Site Index K5 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15144 INT - - Site Index K6 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15145 INT - - Site Index K7 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15146 INT - - Site Index K8 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15147 INT - - Site Index K9 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-1993 EKE15148 INT - - Site Index K10 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15149 INT - - Site Index K11 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15150 INT - - Site Index K12 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15151 INT - - Site Index K13 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15152 INT - - Site Index K14 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15153 INT - - Site Index K15 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15154 INT - - Site Index K16 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15155 INT - - Site Index K17 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15156 INT - - Site Index K18 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15252 INT - - Watching brief Northampton Quay, Dover. Borehole 9 1998 EKE15157 INT - - Site Index K19 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15158 INT - - Site Index K20 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93

152 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15159 INT - - Site Index K21 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15160 INT - - Site Index K22 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15170 INT - - Site Index L10 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15171 INT - - Site Index L11 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15172 INT - - Site Index L12 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15173 INT - - Site Index L13 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15174 INT - - Site Index L14 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15175 INT - - Site Index L15 Palaeoenvironmental work undertaken during the A20 Road and Sewer Scheme 1991-93 EKE15249 INT - - Watching brief Northampton Quay, Dover. Borehole 6 1998 EKE15250 INT - - Watching brief Northampton Quay, Dover. Borehole 7 1998 EKE15251 INT - - Watching brief Northampton Quay, Dover. Borehole 8 1998 EKE15557 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2, Window Survey 02 EKE15558 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2, Window survey 03 EKE15559 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2, Window survey 04 EKE15563 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 09 EKE15564 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 10 EKE15466 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, Percussion Borehole 2 EKE15657 INT - - Rescue excavations within Dover Town Centre ahead of development of York Street, Dover EKE15468 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, Percussion Borehole 3/3A EKE15469 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, Percussion Borehole 6 EKE15474 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, Percussion Borehole 10 EKE15565 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 11 EKE15566 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 15

153 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15567 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 16 EKE15568 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 17 EKE15569 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 18 EKE15570 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 19 EKE15571 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 20 EKE15475 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, Window Sample 3 EKE15476 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, Window Sample 4/4A EKE15477 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, Window Sample 5/5A EKE15478 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, Window Sample 6 EKE15479 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, Window Sample 7 EKE15480 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, Window Sample 8 EKE15481 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, Window Sample 10 EKE15519 INT - - Wellington Dock, Dover, Union Street Improvements, borehole 1 EKE15520 INT - - Wellington Dock, Dover, Union Street Improvements, borehole 2 EKE15521 INT - - Wellington Dock, Dover, Union Street Improvements, borehole 3 EKE15522 INT - - Wellington Dock, Dover, Union Street Improvements, borehole 4 EKE15534 INT - - Proposed Sea Sport Centre at Esplanade, Dover Harbour Borehole 1 EKE15535 INT - - Proposed Sea Sport Centre at Esplanade, Dover Harbour Borehole 2 EKE15537 INT - - Proposed Sea Sport Centre at Esplanade, Dover Harbour, phase 2: additional information, borehole 1 EKE15538 INT - - Proposed Sea Sport Centre at Esplanade, Dover Harbour, phase 2: additional information, borehole 2 EKE15539 INT - - Proposed Sea Sport Centre at Esplanade, Dover Harbour, phase 2: additional information, borehole 3 EKE15542 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2, Borehole 1 EKE15545 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2, Borehole 5

154 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15546 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2, Borehole 6 EKE15547 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2, Borehole 7 EKE15548 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2, Borehole 8 EKE15483 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring,Window Sample 15 EKE15484 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring,Window Sample 17 EKE15486 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring,Window Sample 19 EKE15572 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 21 EKE15574 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 23 EKE15573 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 22 EKE15575 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 24 EKE15576 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 25 EKE15577 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 27 EKE15578 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 28 EKE15579 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 29 EKE15493 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, continuous flight auger hole 1 EKE15494 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, continuous flight auger hole 2 EKE15495 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, continuous flight auger hole 3 EKE15496 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, continuous flight auger hole 4 EKE15497 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, continuous flight auger hole 4/A EKE15549 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2, Borehole 9 EKE15550 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2, Borehole 10 EKE15551 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2, Borehole 11 EKE15553 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2, Borehole 13

155 A099905 • Western Heights, Dover

Record Grid Identifier Grade Name / Description Type Reference EKE15552 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2, Borehole 12 EKE15554 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2, Borehole 14 EKE15555 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2, Borehole 15 EKE15556 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2, Borehole 16 EKE15580 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 30 EKE15581 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 31 EKE15582 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 32 EKE15583 INT - - Contaminated Land Phase 2 Site Investigation, Dover Terminal 2,Window survey 33 EKE15498 INT - - St James Area Redevelopment, Dover, Geotechnical monitoring, continuous flight auger hole 5 EKE15728 NON - - Edmond Mody's Bulwark. Dover 1539

156 Combined Heritage and Landscape Appraisal