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Dodaj Nagłówek Poradnik eksportera mięsa drobiowego na rynek Chin 1. OGÓLNE INFORMACJE O CHIŃSKIEJ REPUBLICE LUDOWEJ ....................................................... 3 A. DANE GEOGRAFICZNE, DEMOGRAFICZNE I EKONOMICZNE ...................................................... 3 GEOGRAFIA: ................................................................................................................................................ 3 DEMOGRAFIA .............................................................................................................................................. 5 EKONOMIA ................................................................................................................................................. 8 2. SPECYFIKA RYNKU ARTYKUŁÓW SPOŻYWCZYCH ................................................................... 14 A. SIECI DYSTRYBUCJI ARTYKUŁÓW SPOŻYWCZYCH ............................................................................... 21 HIPERMARKETY .......................................................................................................................................... 21 PREMIUM SHOPS – SKLEPY Z TOWARAMI LUKSUSOWYMI .................................................................................. 23 SUPERMARKETY ......................................................................................................................................... 23 HOTELE, RESTAURACJE, KAWIARNIE I PUNKTY „FAST FOOD”............................................................................... 27 E- COMMERCE / HANDEL ELEKTRONICZNY ...................................................................................................... 28 3. RYNEK MIĘSA I WYROBÓW MIĘSNYCH W CHINACH KONTYNENTALNYCH .............................. 29 A. DANE DOTYCZĄCE RYNKU MIĘSA, TRENDY W SPRZEDAŻY I KONSUMPCJI ................................................. 29 B. RYNEK MIĘSA DROBIOWEGO, PRODUKCJA WEWNĘTRZNA I GŁÓWNI EKSPORTERZY NA RYNEK CHIŃSKI ........... 37 C. SPRZEDAŻ MIĘSA DROBIOWEGO Z EU, W TYM Z POLSKI DO CHIN, DANE STATYSTYCZNE I TRENDY ................. 51 D. GŁÓWNE PROBLEMY ZWIĄZANE Z EKSPORTEM DROBIU DO CHIN, BARIERY TARYFOWE I POZATARYFOWE, CHOROBY ZWIERZĘCE ....................................................................................................................... 56 E. ZALECENIA DLA EKSPORTERÓW MIĘSA DROBIOWEGO DO CHIN ............................................................ 62 4. RYNEK MIĘSA I WYROBÓW MIĘSNYCH HONGKONGU WZGLĘDEM RÓŻNIC Z CHINAMI KONTYNENTALNYMI ................................................................................................................... 65 A. DANE DOTYCZĄCE RYNKU MIĘSA, TRENDY W SPRZEDAŻY I KONSUMPCJI ................................................. 65 B. RYNEK MIĘSA DROBIOWEGO, PRODUKCJA WEWNĘTRZNA I GŁÓWNI EKSPORTERZY NA RYNEK HONGKONGU .... 73 C. SPRZEDAŻ MIĘSA DROBIOWEGO Z UE, W TYM ZPOLSKI DO HONGKONGU, DANE STATYSTYCZNE I TRENDY ...... 74 D. GŁÓWNE PROBLEMY ZWIĄZANE Z EKSPORTEM DROBIU DO HONGKONGU, BARIERY TARYFOWE I POZATARYFOWE, CHOROBY ZWIERZĘCE ....................................................................................................................... 77 E. ZALECENIA DLA EKSPORTERÓW MIĘSA DROBIOWEGO DO HONGKONGU ................................................. 79 5. DYSTRYBUCJA ORAZ REGULACJE PRAWNE DLA EUROPEJSKICH FIRM ..................................... 81 A. KANAŁY DYSTRYBUCJI ............................................................................................................... 81 DYSTRYBUCJA POŚREDNIA ............................................................................................................................ 81 DYSTRYBUCJA BEZPOŚREDNIA ....................................................................................................................... 81 BIURO PRZEDSTAWICIELSKIE ......................................................................................................................... 81 SPÓŁKI TYPU JOINT VENTURE ........................................................................................................................ 82 1 FIRMA ZE 100% UDZIAŁEM ZAGRANICZNYM ................................................................................................... 83 B. CHIŃSKA ETYKIETA BIZNESOWA ................................................................................................... 85 C. REJESTRACJA ZNAKU ................................................................................................................. 90 6. METODY PROMOCJI I REKLAMY. NAWIĄZYWANIE KONTAKTÓW HANDLOWYCH ................... 93 A. TARGI I INNE WYDARZENIA GOSPODARCZE ..................................................................................... 93 B. GŁÓWNE MEDIA (MEDIA TRADYCYJNE, BLOGI SPOŻYWCZE, MEDIA DIGITALOWE), INSTYTUCJE RZĄDOWE ORAZ OKOŁOBIZNESOWE ODPOWIEDZIALNE ZA IMPORT MIĘSA DROBIOWEGO ....................................................... 96 WECHAT- CHIŃSKI FACEBOOK I ZNACZNIE WIĘCEJ ............................................................................................ 97 SINA WEIBO - TWITTER OF CHINA ................................................................................................................. 98 MEDIA DRUKOWANE ................................................................................................................................ 100 INNE FORMY PROMOCJI ............................................................................................................................. 101 C. ORGANIZACJE BRANŻOWE ORAZ FIRMY ZAINTERESOWANE IMPORTEM DROBIU Z UE, W TYM Z POLSKI ......... 103 D. PRZYKŁADY STRATEGII PROMOCYJNYCH GŁÓWNYCH EKSPORTERÓW DROBIU DO CHIN (BRAZYLIA, USA, ROSJA) 106 USA ...................................................................................................................................................... 106 BRAZYLIA ................................................................................................................................................ 108 ROSJA .................................................................................................................................................... 109 E. WAŻNE KONTAKTY ORAZ PRZYDATNE LINKI .................................................................................... 110 KONTAKTY, DO INSTYTUCJI I DZIAŁÓW ADMINISTRACJI, SZCZEGÓLNIE ISTOTNYCH Z PUNKTU WIDZENIA DOSTĘPU DO SZEREGU PRZEPISÓW, KWESTII FORMALNYCH ................................................................................................ 110 KONTAKTY DO INSTYTUCJI/FIRM/IZB, KTÓRE MOGĄ DORADZIĆ I PODZIELIĆ SIĘ DOŚWIADCZENIEM W ZAKRESIE FUNKCJONOWANIA NA RYNKU CHIŃSKIM ...................................................................................................... 112 2 1. OGÓLNE INFORMACJE O CHIŃSKIEJ REPUBLICE LUDOWEJ A. DANE GEOGRAFICZNE, DEMOGRAFICZNE I EKONOMICZNE Poniżej podstawowe informacje o ChRL. Hongkong, jako Specjalny Region Autonomiczny Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej, bardzo odmienny także pod względem gospodarczym został omówiony w rozdziale 3. GEOGRAFIA: Chiny to trzecie pod względem wielkości powierzchni państwo na świecie po Rosji i Kanadzie. Wielkość obszaru Chin to 9.569.961 km kwadratowych. Chiny graniczą z czternastoma państwami, najdłuższą granicę kraj ten dzieli z Mongolią, następnie z Rosją. Dużą część powierzchni Chin zajmują góry i pustynie (około 2/3 powierzchni), zatem stosunkowo niewiele jest terenów nadających się pod uprawę; produkcja rolnicza może być prowadzona na mniej niż 20% obszaru kraju. Biorąc pod uwagę fakt, iż Chiny zawsze były ludnym narodem, problem wyżywienia ludności, przy ograniczonym areale, był zawsze priorytetem polityki gospodarczej w tym kraju. Dla zwiększenia powierzchni gruntów rolnych na przestrzeni wieków Chińczycy wycięli wiele lasów, co sprzyjało lessowieniu gleb. Mimo, iż przez Chiny przepływają m.in. dwie słynne rzeki tj. Jangcy (o długości 6.300 km – trzecia najdłuższa rzeka świata) i Żółta Rzeka (5.300 km), w kraju generalnie występuje niedostatek wody. Dla nawodnienia żyznych ziem wschodnich Chin, jak i udrożnieniu transportu wodnego ze środkowych Chin na północ już w V wieku p.n.e. Chińczycy rozpoczęli budowę Wielkiego Kanału łączącego Hangzhou /stolicę prowincji Zhejiang/ z Pekinem. Ta największa budowla hydrologiczna świata ma ponad 1.800 km długości. Obecnie problemy braku wody spotęgowane są dużym zanieczyszczeniem szeregu zbiorników wodnych i ich biologiczną degradacją. Wielu specjalistów zajmujących się Chinami dzieli kraj na dwie zasadnicze części to jest Północ i Południe, a granicą jest tu wspomniana rzeka Jangcy. Ze względów klimatycznych, kulturowych, jak i modelu konsumpcji – obszary te znacznie się różnią. 3 Mapa 1: Mapa – rzeka Jangcy w Chinach – podział na Chiny północne i południowe Źródło: https://pl.maps-china-cn.com/chiny-rzeka-jangcy-na-mapie Chiny leżą w trzech strefach klimatycznych- południowe obszary cechuje klimat zwrotnikowy, środkowy pas to klimat podzwrotnikowy, a północne regiony kraju to klimat umiarkowany. W efekcie, wykształciły się w Chinach różne modele zachowań i wzorców konsumpcji. Kontynentalny klimat północnych Chin i stosunkowo krótki - względem południa, okres wegetacji roślin powoduje, iż szczególnie na tych obszarach popularne są produkty mączne (np. makaron czy pierogi), wieprzowina czy też mocniejsze alkohole. Na południe od Szanghaju dominuje kuchnia, z którą wielu Europejczyków kojarzy Chiny, a więc ryż, bogactwo warzyw czy owoce morza. Długa linia brzegowa
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