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Correlation of Changes in Seasonal Distribution and Catch of Red Sea Bream Pagrus Major with Winter Temperature in the Eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan (1972–2010)

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Correlation of Changes in Seasonal Distribution and Catch of Red Sea Bream Pagrus Major with Winter Temperature in the Eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan (1972–2010) Received: 27 November 2018 | Revised: 18 February 2019 | Accepted: 20 March 2019 DOI: 10.1111/fog.12432 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Correlation of changes in seasonal distribution and catch of red sea bream Pagrus major with winter temperature in the eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan (1972–2010) Masayuki Yamamoto1 | Hiroaki Omi2 | Naotaka Yasue3 | Akihide Kasai4 1Kagawa Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan Abstract 2Marine Fisheries Research Center, Research Red sea bream Pagrus major is a commercially important fish in Japan. In eastern Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Seto Inland Sea (SIS), the catch has increased from 297 tons in 1972 to 2,039 tons Fisheries, Sennan, Osaka, Japan 3Hidaka Promotions Bureau, Gobo, in 2010. We examined the relationship, 1972–2010, between increase in catch and Wakayama, Japan winter temperature, based on the catch in February and March and the lowest water 4 Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido temperature at 10 m depth. In 1972–1986, the lowest water temperatures in the University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan inner SIS areas (Osaka Bay, Harima‐nada, and Bisan‐seto) were <8°C, which is physi‐ Correspondence ologically unfavorable for red sea bream. However, in 1987–2010 temperatures were Masayuki Yamamoto, Kagawa Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Takamatsu, generally ≥8°C. In the inner areas, the catch during winter had been minimal until the Kagawa 761–0111, Japan. early 1980s, presumably because most red sea breams moved to the Kuroshio‐in‐ Email: [email protected] fluenced (warmer) Kii Channel area. However, the winter catch in the inner areas of Funding information SIS increased from the late 1980s with warm winters. In addition, the catch between Japan Fisheries Agency April and June, the spawning season, increased in the inner areas from the 1990s, and the catch rate of the inner areas was more than twice higher in the 2000s than in the 1980s. The results suggest that expansion of the distribution area during winter due to warm winter and increase in egg production in the inner areas greatly contributes to the increasing in catch in the eastern SIS. KEYWORDS distribution expansion, Pagrus major, warm winter 1 | INTRODUCTION Climate change associated with global warming has been reported to affect marine ecosystems and fisheries production (Brander, The distribution of fishes is generally limited by the physical envi‐ 2007; Fortibuoni, Aldighieri, Giovanardi, Pranovi, & Zucchetta, 2015; ronment such as temperature, salinity, and currents (Moyle & Cech, Hare & Able, 2007; Kuwahara et al., 2006; Lacoue‐Labarthe et al., 2000; Shinoda & Tsukamoto, 2010). Fish resources are determined 2016; Tadokoro, Sugimoto, & Kishi, 2008). In addition, the increase by biological and abiotic conditions as well as fishing pressure (Alheit in water temperature has been reported to induce a poleward shift & Hagen, 1997; Craig, 2000; Hamilton & Haedrich, 1999; Shelton & in fish distribution (Barbeaux & Hollowed, 2018; Last et al., 2011; Mangel, 2011; Watanabe, 1998). In particular, resource fluctuations Perry et al., 2005), leading to changes in annual catch (Teixeira et al., and water temperature are closely related (Henderson & Henderson, 2014), fish fauna (Lloyd, Plaganyi, Weeks, Magno‐Canto, & Plaganyi, 2017; Oh, Sakuramoto, & Hasegawa, 2002; Perry, Low, Ellis, & 2012; Masuda, 2008; Mavruk, Bengiil, Yeldan, Mamasorli, & Avsar, Reynolds, 2005; Sabatés, Martín, Llopet, & Raya, 2006; Takasuka, 2017), spawning period (Sims, Wearmouth, Genner, Southward, & Oozeki, & Aoki, 2007). Hawkins, 2004), and spawning ground (Villegas‐Hernández, Lloret, Fisheries Oceanography. 2019;00:1–9. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/fog © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd | 1 2 | YAMAMOTO ET AL. FIGURE 1 Map showing the habit of red sea bream Pagrus major in the eastern SeaofJapan Honshu Seto Inland Sea (SIS), Japan Japan Shikoku Eastern Seto Inland Sea Kyushu Pacific Ocean Kuroshio East China Sea OkayamaPref. HyogoPref. Osaka Akashi Strait Pref. ° ′ 34 30 Harima-nada Osaka Bay Bisan-seto Izumisano Takamatsu Naruto Strait Hiketa Kada Kagawa Pref. 34°N KiiChannel Wakayama TokushimaPref. Pref. Oceanic Water 134° 135°E & Muñoz, 2015). However, there is not sufficient published informa‐ trawl net and set net (Sakaji & Yamamoto, 2017). The catch size of tion on the relationship between increase in water temperature and this species varies from approximately 15–70 cm in total length, and stock variation (Alheit et al., 2012; Eriksen, Ingvaldsen, Nedreaas, the longevity is 15–20 years old (Shimamoto, 2006). & Prozorkevich, 2015; Hermant, Lobry, Bonhommeau, Poulard, & In Japan, red sea breams are evaluated on three stocks (Fisheries Pape, 2010; Sabatés et al., 2006) in order to predict the dynamics of Agency & Fisheries Research & Education Agency of Japan, 2017). fisheries resources caused by global warming. The SIS is one of the main fishing grounds, as the catch was 4,410 The Seto Inland Sea (SIS) is located in western Japan and is a tons in SIS in 2010, accounting for approximately 30% of the total semi‐enclosed coastal sea surrounded by the islands of Honshu, catch in Japan (Yamamoto et al., 2013). The SIS has two stocks, the Shikoku, and Kyushu (Figure 1). It has a length of 500 km and an eastern SIS stock (Sakaji & Yamamoto, 2017) and the central and average depth of approximately 30 m. The SIS is one of the most western SIS stock (Yamamoto & Sakaji, 2017). In this study, we ex‐ productive waters globally (Takeoka, 2002). The warm Kuroshio cur‐ amined the eastern SIS stock, composed of Kii Channel, Bisan‐seto, rent flows toward the east of Shikoku, so that the southern part of Haraima‐nada, and Osaka Bay (Figure 1). the SIS, the Kii Channel area, is directly influenced by these warmer The catch of the eastern SIS stock decreased from the 1950s to waters. Based on monthly oceanographic observations at ≥150 sites early 1970s; however, by the mid‐2010s the catch recovered from from 1973 to 2013, the annual water temperature in the surface, the late 1970s (Sakaji & Yamamoto, 2017). In the eastern SIS stock, 10 m, and bottom layers in the SIS has been reported to have in‐ the cause of the increase in the catch has been suggested to be the creased by approximately 1°C during the monitoring period (Abo et improvement of fishing efficiency of small trawl nets in the 1970s al., 2015). and conservation of small fish caused by decreasing effort of small Red sea bream Pagrus major (family: Sparidae) is distributed from trawl nets from the 1980s (Shimamoto, 2006). However, since the the coastal water of northern Japan to the East China Sea (Hayashi, late 1980s the catch of flatfishes and shrimps caught by small trawl 2002) supporting commercially important fisheries in Japan (Masuda nets has not similarly increased (Yamamoto, 2012; Yamashita, 2007). & Tsukamoto, 1998; Nagai, 1995; Shimamoto, 2006; Yamamoto, Omi, The contribution of the seeding production to the enhancement has & Miyahara, 2013). Red sea bream spawn in spring and consume var‐ reported to be limited for the eastern SIS stock (Sakaji & Yamamoto, ious prey items such as crustaceans, polychaetes, fishes, and squids 2017). Based on previous reports, other factors excluding the fish‐ (Shimamoto, 2006). In the SIS, this species is caught mainly by small ery and the release of artificial seeds are expected to be related to YAMAMOTO ET AL. | 3 the increase in catch. Zenitani, Onishi, and Obata (2014) implied that Office, Kinki Regional Agricultural Administration Office, Ministry there was an association between the increase in the catch and in‐ of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (1974), and Izumisano Fishery crease in water temperature in the eastern SIS. It is suggested that Cooperative (Research Institute of Environment, Agriclture and the fish migrated to the Kii Channel and overwinter in the warm wa‐ Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture), respectively. In Harima‐nada, the ters (Shimamoto, 2006), because red sea bream die due to low water water temperature at seven sites of Kagawa Prefecture was mea‐ temperature of <3–8°C (Takeda, Tsuji, & Itazawa, 1989; Woo & Fung, sured by Kagawa Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station (Masui, 1980). In recent years, the annual water temperature increased in 2015). The monthly catch in 1972–2010 was calculated based on the SIS due to global warming, and the water temperature has grad‐ the catch data of Kagawa Branch Office, Chugoku, and Shikoku ually increased especially during winter (Abo et al., 2015; Yamamoto, Regional Agricultural Administration Office, Ministry of Agriculture, 2003). The increasing resource might be due to the expansion of dis‐ Forestry and Fisheries (1974), and Hiketa Fishery Cooperative tribution during winter by increased water temperature. (Kagawa Prefctural Fisheries Station). In Bisan‐seto, the water tem‐ In this study, to examine the hypothesis that warm winter con‐ perature at 14 sites was measured by Kagawa Prefectural Fisheries tributes to spreading red sea bream during winter, we examined the Experimental Station (Masui, 2015). The monthly catch in 1972– annual change in the spatial distribution during winter and lowest 2010 was calculated based on the catch data of Kagawa Branch water temperature using the catch and water temperature in the Office, Chugoku, and Shikoku Regional Agricultural Administration four areas of eastern SIS from 1972 to 2010. In addition, the an‐ Office, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (1974), and nual change in the spawning stock biomass
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