CALGA SAND QUARRY
Monitoring Report
For:
Hanson Australia Pty Ltd
May 2019
Final
PO Box 2474 Carlingford Court 2118
Report No. 12081RP7
The preparation of this report has been in accordance with the brief provided by the Client and has relied upon the data and results collected at or under the times and conditions specified in the report. All findings, conclusions or recommendations contained within the report are based only on the aforementioned circumstances. The report has been prepared for use by the Client and no responsibility for its use by other parties is accepted by Cumberland Ecology.
Version Date Issued Amended by Details Draft 30/04/2019 BF Final 06/05/2018 BF
Approved by: Bryan Furchert
Position: Botanist/Project Manager
Signed:
Date: 6 May, 2019
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6 MAY 2019
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose 1.1
1.2 Background 1.1
1.2.1 Performance Criteria 1.2
1.3 Legislation Changes 1.3
2 MONITORING METHODS
2.1 Literature Review 2.1
2.2 Site Inspections 2.1
2.2.1 Revegetation Monitoring 2.2
2.2.2 Threatened Species Monitoring 2.3
2.2.3 Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems 2.4
3 RESULTS - REHABILITATION MONITORING, FAUNA, AND THREATENED FLORA SPECIES
3.1 Quadrat Surveys 3.1
3.1.1 Rehabilitation Areas 2 and 3 (Eastern Acoustic Bund 3.1 Wall)
3.1.2 Rehabilitation Area 5 (North-western Acoustic Bund Wall) 3.2
3.1.3 Rehabilitation Area 1 (Northern Fill Area) 3.6
3.1.4 Rehabilitation Area 7 (Stage 1 and 2 Revegetation) 3.8
3.1.5 Rehabilitation Areas 4 and 6 3.9
3.1.6 Rehabilitation Areas 8 and 9 3.12
3.2 Rehabilitation Progress 3.14
3.3 Priority Weeds 3.14
3.4 Fauna 3.15
3.4.1 Native Fauna 3.15
3.4.2 Vertebrate Pests 3.17
3.5 Threatened Species Monitoring 3.18
Footer
Table of Contents (Cont'd)
3.5.1 Darwinia glaucophylla 3.18
3.5.2 Hibbertia procumbens 3.26
4 RESULTS - GROUNDWATER DEPENDENT ECOSYSTEMS
4.1 Sandstone Hanging Swamps 4.1
4.1.1 Quadrat GDE1 4.1
4.1.2 Quadrat GDE2 4.3
4.1.3 Quadrat GDE3 4.4
4.2 Sandstone Ranges Gully Forest 4.6
4.2.1 Quadrat GDE4 4.6
4.2.2 Quadrat GDE5 4.7
5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion 5.1
5.1.1 Rehabilitation Areas 5.1
5.1.2 Threatened Species Survey 5.2
5.1.3 Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems 5.2
5.2 Recommendations 5.3
List of Appendices
A. FLORA SPECIES RECORDED IN MONITORING QUADRATS - 2012 - 2019
B. BIRD SPECIES RECORDED BY CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY - 2013, 2016, 2017, AND 2019
C. FLORA SPECIES RECORDED IN GDE MONITORING PLOTS - 2016, 2017 AND 2019
D. RECOMMENDED PLANTING SPECIES
E. THREATENED SPECIES LOCATIONS
F. THREATENED SPECIES PROFILES
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List of Tables
1.1 Species to be represented in final landform 1.2 2.1 Coordinates, Orientation and Photo Point Location of Quadrats 2.3 2.2 Coordinates, Orientation and Photo Point Locations of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystem Quadrats 2.4 3.1 Revegetation species required to be represented in the final landform and their presence in quadrats in 2019 3.14 3.2 Priority Weeds Recorded in Monitoring Quadrats 3.15 A.1 Species Recorded and Cover-Abundance Scores in Rehabilitation Monitoring Quadrats: 2012 - 2015 A.1 A.2 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats –2016 and 2017 A.10 A.3 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats - 2019 A.24 B.1 Bird Species Recorded by CE - 2013, 2016, 2017, and 2019 B.1 C.1 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – January and December 2016 C.1 C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019 C.14 D.1 Recommended species for planting D.1 E.1 Threatened Species Locations – April 2019 E.1
List of Figures
2.1 Locations of Monitoring Quadrats 2.5 2.2 Bush Regeneration Activities and Rehabilitation Areas 2.6 3.1 Darwinia glaucophylla records within, and adjacent to, the Quarry Site Boundary 3.28 3.2 Hibbertia procumbens records within, and adjacent to, the Quarry Site Boundary 3.29 4.1 GDE Monitoring Plot Locations 4.9
List of Photographs
3.1 Vegetation within Quadrat 1 3.2 3.2 Erosion along the top edge of the NW bund wall 3.3 3.3 Fence line above NW bund wall - regrowth after felling of planted
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List of Photographs
vegetation 3.4 3.4 Vegetation in Quadrat 4 3.5 3.5 Vegetation in Quadrat 5 3.6 3.6 Vegetation within Quadrat 2 3.7 3.7 Vegetation in Quadrat 3 3.9 3.8 Plantings in Rehabilitation Area 4 3.10 3.9 Andropogon virginicus in Area 4 3.11 3.10 Well established plantings in Rehabilitation Area 6 3.11 3.11 Vegetation in Rehabilitation Area 8 3.12 3.12 Juvenile plantings in Rehabilitation Area 9 3.13 3.13 Wombat Scats in Rehabilitation Area 5 3.16 3.14 Rabbits scats and diggings in Rehabilitation Area 1 3.17 3.15 Fox scats in Rehabilitation Area 6 3.18 3.16 Juvenile D. glaucophylla in sandy drainage line 3.19 3.17 Rock platform at MP1 surrounded by mats of D. glaucophylla 3.20 3.18 Tagged D. glaucophylla (Dg1) individual in 2012 3.20 3.19 Tagged D. glaucophylla individual (Dg1) in 2019 3.21 3.20 Flowering Tagged D. glaucophylla (Dg1) individual at MP1 3.21 3.21 Tagged individual Dg2 in 2017 3.22 3.22 Dg2 in 2019 3.23 3.23 Dg2 flowering in 2019 3.23 3.24 Individuals on ridge above MP3 3.24 3.25 Tagged individual (Dg3) in 2017 3.25 3.26 Tagged individual (Dg3) in 2019 3.25 3.27 New H. procumbens individual in west of Quarry Site 3.26 3.28 Previously located individual resurveyed in 2019 3.27 4.1 Quadrat GDE1 in January 2016 4.2 4.2 Quadrat GDE1 in April 2019 4.2 4.3 Quadrat GDE2 in January 2016 4.3 4.4 Quadrat GDE2 in April 2019 4.4 4.5 Quadrat GDE3 in January 2016 4.5 4.6 Quadrat GDE3 in April 2019 4.5 4.7 Quadrat GDE4 in January 2016 4.7 4.8 Quadrat GDE4 in April 2019 4.7 4.9 Quadrat GDE5 in January 2016 4.8 4.10 Quadrat GDE5 in April 2019 4.8
Footer
List of Photographs
able of Contents (Cont'd)
3.5.1 Darwinia glaucophylla 3.18
3.5.2 Hibbertia procumbens 3.26
4 RESULTS - GROUNDWATER DEPENDENT ECOSYSTEMS
4.1 Sandstone Hanging Swamps 4.1
4.1.1 Quadrat GDE1 4.1
4.1.2 Quadrat GDE2 4.3
4.1.3 Quadrat GDE3 4.4
4.2 Sandstone Ranges Gully Forest 4.6
4.2.1 Quadrat GDE4 4.6
4.2.2 Quadrat GDE5 4.7
5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion 5.1
5.1.1 Rehabilitation Areas 5.1
5.1.2 Threatened Species Survey 5.2
5.1.3 Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems 5.2
5.2 Recommendations 5.3
Footer
Executive Summary
S1 Introduction
The purpose of this report is to detail the seventh round of results of an annual biodiversity monitoring programme of the Calga Sand Quarry (the Quarry), operated by Hanson Construction Materials Pty Ltd, and provide recommendations following the monitoring. This report forms part of the Annual Environmental Management Report (AEMR) for the Quarry and has been prepared for the 2018 AEMR. It details the monitoring results in regards to performance criteria specified in a Rehabilitation and Landscape Management Plan (RLMP) for the Quarry Site. Performance criteria specified in the RLMP relate to monitoring of rehabilitation areas and monitoring of two threatened flora species populations located within the Quarry Site.
A Groundwater Dependent Ecosystem (GDE) monitoring program was implemented in January 2016 by Cumberland Ecology, following concerns raised about groundwater and impacts to off-site GDEs during a Land and Environment Court case in 2014. The GDE monitoring is a requirement of Condition 3(15c) of DA 94-4-2005. This report documents the fourth round of surveying of these monitoring plots.
S2 Methods
Inspections of the Quarry Site and adjacent vegetated areas were conducted on the 17th and 18th of April 2019. Inspections consisted of surveying five fixed monitoring quadrats established by Cumberland Ecology in 2012 in rehabilitated areas. They also included a survey of populations of two threatened flora species, Darwinia glaucophylla and Hibbertia procumbens (Spreading Guinea Flower), on and adjacent to the Quarry Site, through random meander surveys and re-assessment of three monitoring plots for D. glaucophylla previously set up in 2012. In addition, five monitoring plots established by Cumberland Ecology in January 2016 within GDEs approximately 500 m south of the Quarry Site were surveyed.
S3 Results
S3.1 Rehabilitation Areas and the Quarry Site
The presence of Priority Weeds declared under the NSW Biosecurity Act 2016 within the Quarry Site is generally much improved since 2012, however the presence of Lantana camara has been increasing since 2013 in Rehabilitation Areas 1 and 5.
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Weed cover within the five quadrats surveyed in the rehabilitation areas was increased in Quadrat 1, consistent in Quadrat 4, and slightly decreased in Quadrats 2, 3 and 5. The groundcover in most quadrats was found to contain a large cover of exotic species, with the exception of Quadrat 3. Weed cover within quadrats was generally representative of the rehabilitation areas they occur in.
Newer rehabilitation areas without monitoring quadrats are diverse in planted native species, and plants are well established, with significant growth having occurred since the 2017 monitoring. Weeds are starting to invade some of these areas, particularly Rehabilitation Area 4.
In general, the rehabilitation areas are not considered mature or sufficiently diverse to provide habitat for a diverse array of fauna at this stage. That notwithstanding, a significant number of bird species, predominately smaller species, are regularly observed throughout the year utilising the rehabilitation areas.
S3.2 Threatened Species Monitoring
Individuals of Hibbertia procumbens and Darwinia glaucophylla are abundant in specific areas of the Quarry Site, and appear unaffected by extraction activities. As in previous years, additional individuals of both species were located in new areas.
Tagged individuals of D. glaucophylla are healthy and in good condition.
S3.3 Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems Monitoring
At the end of the second year of monitoring of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDE) quadrats, native vegetation in these areas is consistent with the first round of monitoring and there are no observable impacts to GDEs by extraction activities.
S4 Conclusion
Two problematic environmental weeds, Bidens pilosa and Coreopsis lanceolata have consistently been recorded as seeding within quadrats and these species account for the majority of weed coverage in the rehabilitation areas. These species are flourishing in areas in which planted Acacia individuals have senesced.
The ground layer of the older rehabilitation areas does not contain significant cover or diversity of native species.
Rehabilitation is generally being implemented in accordance with the performance criteria outlined in the RLMP. There are however, some shortfalls in regards to erosion and sediment control of some of the bund walls, and weed control which need to be addressed.
The recent threatened species surveys found the populations of D. glaucophylla and H. procumbens within the Quarry Site to be healthy and unaffected by extraction and associated activities. New occurrences of both species continue to be recorded.
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A number of recommendations have been made in this report to improve the native species diversity of the rehabilitation areas, including erosion stabilisation and planting to increase diversity and native cover in older rehabilitation areas.
Monitoring quadrats should be established in new rehabilitation areas, and threatened species monitoring should continue.
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Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this report is to detail the seventh round of results of a biodiversity monitoring programme of the Calga Sand Quarry (hereafter known as the Quarry) and provide recommendations following the monitoring. The monitoring programme was established in 2012 by Cumberland Ecology. This report forms part of the Annual Environmental Management Report (AEMR) for the Quarry.
1.2 Background
The Quarry is located off Peats Ridge Road, 1.7 km north-northwest of the Calga Interchange on the M1 Freeway (the Quarry Site). Sand extraction during Stages 1 and 2 of the Quarry was undertaken between 1991 and 2004. Consent for a development application to extend the Quarry onto land immediately north of existing operations (Stage 3) was granted by the Minister for Planning on 28 October 2005 (DA 94-4-2004) with sand extraction commencing in early 2006. Included within the consent were a number of conditions relating to ecological issues, including the preparation of a Rehabilitation and Landscape Management Plan (RLMP) (Condition 3(22) of DR 94-4-2004).
A RLMP was prepared for the Quarry in 2006 by R.W. Corkery & Co. In order to meet a number of the commitments referred to in the RLMP, rehabilitation and noxious weed management is required to be undertaken and monitored, and the results of such monitoring are required to be reported in each AEMR. The NSW Noxious Weeds Act 1993 was repealed on the 26 July 2017 and replaced with the NSW Biosecurity Act 2015 (Biosecurity Act). Under the Biosecurity Act problematic weeds are referred to as Priority Weeds, and no longer referred to as noxious weeds. This report has been prepared using terminology consistent with the new legislation (See Section 1.4). The RLMP commitments (see Section 1.3.1) referring to noxious weeds are interpreted as commitments regarding Priority Weeds in this report.
Additionally, a threatened flora monitoring programme and report are required to be prepared to assess whether Quarry operations are having any effect on populations of threatened species occurring on and adjacent to the Quarry Site.
Prior to 2012, monitoring of rehabilitation was undertaken for the Quarry by T.R.E.E.S. Pty Ltd. In 2012, Cumberland Ecology was commissioned to develop and implement a new
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monitoring programme to monitor revegetation works, Priority Weeds, vertebrate pests, and threatened flora species within the Quarry Site.
As a result of a court case, Land and Environment Court Proceedings NO. 10024 of 2014, it was agreed that a monitoring program would be established to monitor Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs) occurring in the property adjacent to the Quarry Site. This was in response to concerns that changes to groundwater a result of quarrying activities may be impacting off-site GDEs. In early 2016 Cumberland Ecology was additionally commissioned to establish a monitoring programme to assess impacts quarrying activities may be having on adjacent GDEs. This report details the results of the 2018 GDE monitoring program.
1.2.1 Performance Criteria
The following performance criteria have been reproduced from the approved RLMP for the Quarry:
The rehabilitation consultant will inspect the rehabilitation and comment on the relative progress against the relevant completion criteria noted in Section 4.1 of the Rehabilitation and Landscape Management Plan (reproduced below). In addition, the rehabilitation or ecological consultant will monitor the number and distribution of the two threatened flora species identified on or adjacent to the Quarry Site.
From Section 4.1 of the RLMP: i. Species Diversity
Of the 20 species listed below, at least 75% will be represented in the final landform.
Table 1.1 Species to be represented in final landform
Revegetation Species
Hardenbergia violacea Banksia robur Corymbia gummifera
Kennedia rubicunda Banksia spinulosa Eucalyptus haemastoma
Acacia suaveolens Xanthorrhoea australis Kunzea capitata
Acacia terminalis Themeda australis Kunzea ambigua
Acacia ulicifolia Angophora costata Kunzea parvifolia
Banksia serrata Angophora hispida Lomandra longifolia
Banksia ericifolia Corymbia eximia
ii. Threatened Species
Populations of the threatened flora species identified on and adjacent to the Quarry Site, Darwinia glaucophylla and Hibbertia procumbens will be monitored.
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Section 5 of the RLMP includes the following commitment to monitoring threatened plants on and adjacent to the Quarry Site:
Monitoring the number and distribution of the threatened species, Darwinia glaucophylla and Hibbertia procumbens, will be undertaken on an annual basis by a suitably qualified ecologist. The ecologist will inspect each of the individual or sub-population locations previously identified on the Quarry Site and adjoining land and describe the condition of the individual or sub-population. Reference to salient recent meteorological conditions will be made and commentary on the general status of surrounding vegetation provided. An additional search of the Quarry Site and adjoining land will then be performed to determine whether any additional individuals or sub-populations of the targeted threatened flora species are present. iii. Noxious Weeds
The spread of W3 noxious weeds identified within the Quarry Site, namely, Crofton Weed (Ageratina adenophora) and Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) will be prevented and their distribution restricted. iv. Vertebrate Pests
Sampling for all the nominated vertebrate pests (European Rabbits, European Red Foxes, Feral Cats and House Mice) will be conducted in conjunction with the Quarry rehabilitation monitoring program.
1.3 Legislation Changes
The RLMP commitments referring to Noxious Weeds have been taken for the purposes of this report as referring to Priority Weeds.
The NSW Noxious Weeds Act 1993 was repealed and replaced on the 1st July 2017 by the NSW Biosecurity Act 2015 (Biosecurity Act). Under the Biosecurity Act, weed control in New South Wales has been divided into eleven regions with each directed by a regional weed committee. The study area is located within the Greater Sydney region and as such weeds are required to be managed by the Greater Sydney Regional Strategic Weed Management Plan 2017 – 2022 (GSRSWM Plan 2017 – 2022). The plan articulates how the Greater Sydney region communities and stakeholders are to identify, minimise, respond to and manage high-risk weeds, supporting the principle of general biosecurity duty, that is, of shared responsibility under the Biosecurity Act. A key part of developing the plan was the review and prioritisation of weeds in the region. This resulted in the priority weed list and other regional weed lists, using risk-based approach that is internationally recognised.
The GSRSWM Plan 2017 – 2022, outlines two categories of Priority Weeds;
State Priority Weeds; and
Regional Priority Weeds
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It also lists;
Other Weeds of Regional Concern
For certain plants known to have a high biosecurity risk, the Biosecurity Act prescribes actions that are deemed reasonably practical to prevent, eliminate or contain the risk. Both State Priority Weeds and Regional Priority Weeds have specific measures for the control of individual weed species. State Priority Weeds have legislated management requirements under controls and regulations of the NSW Biosecurity Act 2015. All 32 Weeds of National Significance (WoNS) are now listed as State Priority Weeds. WoNS are species that have been identified by Australian governments based on their invasiveness, potential for spread, and environmental, social and economic impacts and are priorities for control.
Regional Priority Weeds are required to be managed as per the proposed objectives in the GSRSWM Plan 2017 – 2022 to fulfil the General Biosecurity Duty which applies to all land owners and managers under the Act.
Other Weeds of Regional Concern recognises that the classification of plant as a weed is dependent on the location, use and level of establishment in the region. The Act provides powers to Local Control Authorities to take action in relation to these weeds in particular circumstances where they may impact upon an asset such as the environment or human health.
State and Regional Priority Weeds recorded within the Quarry Site, and their categories, are detailed in Table 3.2. Appendix 1 of the Greater Sydney Regional Strategic Weed Management Plan details the specific legal requirements and objectives to fulfil the General Biosecurity Duty with regards to these weed species.
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Chapter 2
Monitoring Methods
2.1 Literature Review
Prior to preparing this report, a review of relevant literature was conducted. A review of the following documents was completed:
AEMR, for the years 2010 - 2015 prepared by R.W. Corkery & Co;
Calga Sand Quarry Rehabilitation Assessment Report July 2011 prepared by T.R.E.E.S. Pty Ltd;
Greater Sydney Regional Strategic Weed Management Plan 2017 – 2022, Greater Sydney Local Land Services 2017;
Rehabilitation and Landscape Management Plan, prepared by R.W. Corkery & Co 2006;
Threatened Species Monitoring Report 2012, Cumberland Ecology;
Monitoring Report 2012, Cumberland Ecology;
Monitoring Report – December 2017, Cumberland Ecology;
Calga Annual Weed Control Report – December 2018, Toolijooa; and
Individual Expert Report of Dr. David Robertson (Land and Environment Court Proceedings No.10024 of 2014) 2014, Cumberland Ecology.
Cumberland Ecology prepared a monitoring programme for the two threatened species at the Quarry Site in 2012, Hibbertia procumbens and Darwinia glaucophylla. The baseline data for the establishment of this monitoring programme is provided in the 2012 report (Threatened Species Monitoring Report 8050RP4).
2.2 Site Inspections
A site inspection was undertaken on 17 April 2019 by a botanist from Cumberland Ecology. The site inspection consisted of surveying five fixed monitoring quadrats in rehabilitation areas established by Cumberland Ecology in 2012. In addition, the site inspection included a
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survey of populations of the two threatened flora species, D. glaucophylla and H. procumbens within and adjacent to the Quarry Site. A brief inspection was also undertaken of additional revegetation areas established since the inception of the monitoring programme in 2012.
A second site inspection was conducted by a botanist and ecologist on 18 April 2019 to survey GDE monitoring quadrats.
2.2.1 Revegetation Monitoring
In order to assess the progress of progressive rehabilitation activities, five vegetation quadrats (0.04 ha) have been established along the acoustic bunds that surround the Quarry Site, within the north-western fill area, and within rehabilitation areas of Stage 1 and 2 in 2012 (refer to Figure 2.1). Quadrat locations are randomly stratified across the Quarry Site in representative areas. The location of each quadrat has been marked by installing four star pickets – one in each corner of the quadrat. Each star picket is labelled and spray painted pink. The location of each quadrat has been recorded using a hand held GPS unit and is provided in Figure 2.1. The rehabilitation areas have been categorised and numbered for the purposes of bushland regeneration works and these areas are provided in Figure 2.2.
All vascular plant species were recorded in each quadrat during the site inspection. A cover abundance score was given to each species recorded in each quadrat according to a modified Braun-Blanquet method (Braun-Blanquet, 1927) as shown below:
1 = rare;
2 = occasional;
3 = common but less than 5% cover;
4 = very common but less than 5% cover;
5 = 5-25% cover;
6 = 26-50% cover;
7 = 51-75% cover; and
8 = 76%-100% cover.
In addition to the above, the height, cover and weed cover were also collected for each stratum in each quadrat.
Photographic monitoring has also been established at one corner of each quadrat, and photographs were taken during the site inspection. The location, orientation, and corner of the quadrat that each photograph was taken from, are provided in Table 2.1 below:
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Table 2.1 Coordinates, Orientation and Photo Point Location of Quadrats
Quadrat Number Easting Northing Orientation of Quadrat Photograph Point
1 334234 6301782 20 m x 20 m SE corner of quadrat
2 334441 6301558 10 m x 40 m SE corner of quadrat
3 334062 6301218 20 m x 20 m SE corner of quadrat
4 333980 6301471 10 m x 40 m SE corner of quadrat
5 333994 6301525 10 m x 40 m SW corner of quadrat
2.2.2 Threatened Species Monitoring
Monitoring of the threatened flora species D. glaucophylla and H. procumbens for the 2018 AEMR consisted of a random meander survey through the areas of the Quarry Site they are known to occur, and adjacent to the Quarry Site in areas where the species have been recorded previously.
Additionally a transect search was undertaken in the west of the Quarry Site to undertake a more detailed survey of this area in which H. procumbens was discovered for the first time in December 2016. The location of individuals of both H. procumbens and D. glaucophylla in the area which had not been previously recorded were recorded with a handheld Global Positioning Service (GPS) device. Transects were spaced approximately 5 m apart with transects running between the boundary fence to the west and the lower quarry dams in the east. During the transect survey previously recorded H. procumbens individuals were inspected and photographed in each cluster of occurrence of the species to determine condition of the Quarry Site population.
The area surveyed encompassed all areas within the boundary of the Quarry Site (refer to Figure 2.1). Incidental observations of both species were also recorded during the GDE monitoring surveys in land to the south of the Quarry Site.
In addition, three threatened species monitoring plots that were established by Cumberland Ecology in 2012 were re-surveyed in April 2019 for the 2018 AEMR. During the 2012 survey, no individuals of H. procumbens individuals were located, so the monitoring plots were established in areas with occurrences of the other threatened species, D. glaucophylla.
Within each plot, one D. glaucophylla individual was tagged at the commencement of monitoring in 2012. As two of the tagged individuals have been deceased since 2013, new individuals were tagged in 2017 at Monitoring Plot 3 and Monitoring Plot 2. Each tagged individual was photographed and re-assessed for new growth and condition. Notes were also taken on the general health of the surrounding individuals in the sub-populations, along with photographs,
All individuals/sub-populations recorded in this survey were marked by a GPS way point.
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The April 2019 survey of threatened species was carried out by a botanist over a three hour period. The weather during the survey was partly cloudy, with a minor rain shower in the morning (0.4 mm), which ceased by 9 AM. The maximum temperature on this day was 24ºC. The 2019 survey period followed 3 months of adequate rainfall from January to March 2019 in much of eastern Australia (Bureau of Meteorology 2019). Vegetation was generally in good condition and not suffering from any evident drought stress. .
2.2.3 Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems
Five vegetation quadrats (0.04 ha) within GDEs were surveyed as per Section 2.2.1 above, with the exception that floristic data within the plots was collected using the NSW BioBanking Survey Methodology for floristics rather than a modified Braun-Blanquet method. These plots are located south of the Quarry Site (see Figure 2.1). The survey of the GDEs was carried out by a botanist and ecologist over a six hour period. The weather during the survey was generally sunny, with no rainfall, with a maximum temperature of 26ºC.
The location, orientation, and corner of the quadrat that each photograph was taken from, are provided in Table 2.2 below:
Table 2.2 Coordinates, Orientation and Photo Point Locations of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystem Quadrats
Orientation of Quadrat Number Easting Northing Photograph Point Quadrat
GDE1 334269 6300593 20 m x 20 m SW corner of quadrat
GDE2 334246 6300643 20 m x 20 m NE corner of quadrat
GDE3 334081 6300706 20 m x 20 m SW corner of quadrat
GDE4 333910 6300739 20 m x 20 m NE corner of quadrat
GDE5 333816 6300742 20 m x 20 m NE corner of quadrat
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Legend
Quarry Site Boundary
Flora Quadrat Locations Quadrat 2 10 x 40 m
20 x 20 m North-Eastern Acoustic Bund Wall Monitoring Sites
Acoustic Bund Wall
Fill Area
Stage 1 and 2 Rehabilitation Eastern Acoustic Bund Wall
") Threatened Species Monitoring Plot
Quadrat 1
Quadrat 5
Quadrat 4
")Monitoring plot 1
Quadrat 3
Image Source: Image © NearMap 2019 (Dated 31/3/2019) ")Monitoring Plot 3 I ")Monitoring Plot 2 Coordinate System: MGA Zone 56 (GDA 94) I:\...\12081\Figures\RP7\20190429\Figure 2.1.Location of MonitoringQuadrats Rehabilitationin Areas
Figure 2.1. Location of Monitoring Quadrats in Rehabilitation Areas 0 50 100 150 200 m Legend
Quarry Site Boundary
Rehabiliation Areas 1
3
5 2
4
9
8 6
Image Source: 7 Image © NearMap 2019 (Dated: 31/3/2019) I Coordinate System: MGA Zone 56 (GDA 94) I:\...\12081\Figures\RP7\20190429\Figure 2.2 BushRegeneration Activities and RehabilitationAreas
Figure 2.2. Bush Regeneration Activities and Rehabilitation Areas 0 50 100 m
Chapter 3
Results - Rehabilitation Monitoring, Fauna, and Threatened Flora Species
3.1 Quadrat Surveys
3.1.1 Rehabilitation Areas 2 and 3 (Eastern Acoustic Bund Wall)
Quadrat 1 is located along the eastern acoustic bund wall of the Quarry Site (Figure 2.1) and occurs in Rehabilitation Areas 2 and 3 (Figure 2.2). The eastern bund wall and entrance area contain a mix of native species that have been planted from tube stock or have naturally grown from seed. i. Quadrat 1
Quadrat 1 occurs on a south-west facing slope (Photograph 3.1). This area lacks canopy species, although shrub species are present in low abundances. Native shrubs have been sporadically planted in the lower areas of the slope, while the upper areas contain sparse, growth from seed from old plantings of Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia (Sydney Golden Wattle) which have since died.
A total of 30 species were recorded in Quadrat 1 during the 2019 survey. Approximately 33% (n=10) are native species, and predominantly occurred in the shrub layer. In 2016 17 native species were present. Species richness has likely decreased due to dense occurrences of exotic weed species in the ground layer which were noted in 2016 outcompeting native species. Seventeen native species were recorded in 2017and decreased species richness is likely to be from the death of plantings, due to shading and out competition by exotic herbaceous species.
The dominant species of the shrub layer is Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia which is estimated to cover only 5% of the shrub layer. In 2015 this species made up around 75% of the vegetation coverage of the quadrat, which was preventing other species from establishing, and was recommended to be thinned. The occurrence of this species has been drastically reduced in coverage due to die back through senescence of the short-lived shrub species. Few new individuals of the species are growing from seed, and adequate plantings have not been undertaken to replace the shrub layer. With the exception of Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia individuals, the shrub layer consists of isolated native shrubs of species including Grevillea sericea (Pink Spider-flower), Banksia ericifolia (Heath-leaved Banksia), and Acacia ulicifolia (Prickly Moses).
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The groundcover is dominated by a mix of exotic herb and grass species, which comprise approximately 95% of the ground layer vegetation. The weed coverage was estimated at 90% in 2017 so it has increased. The increase in percentage of weeds is mainly due to a decrease in coverage of native species, predominately the seasonal grass Lachnagrostis filiformis (Blown Grass) which was common in December 2017 and absent during the April 2019 survey.
The most prevalent weed species in the ground layer is the forb Bidens pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs), with other exotics such as Poa annua (Winter Grass), and Cyperus eragrostis (Umbrella Sedge) occurring commonly. While exotic species dominated the entirety of the Quadrat in 2019 it should be noted that nearly the entirety of the coverage of weeds was comprised of seedling Bidens pilosa individuals regrowing after the Bushland Regenerator Contractor has evidently recently sprayed herbicide and controlled weeds across the entirety of Revegetation Area 2 and surrounding areas (note layer of deceased weeds in Photograph 3.1).
A full list of species recorded in Quadrat 1 is provided in Appendix A.
Photograph 3.1 Vegetation within Quadrat 1
3.1.2 Rehabilitation Area 5 (North-western Acoustic Bund Wall)
Quadrats 4 and 5 are positioned along the north-western bund wall (Figure 2.1) of the Quarry Site in Rehabilitation Area 5 (Figure 2.2). Large sections of the north-western bund wall have slumped along the top edge (Photograph 3.2), showing signs of erosion, which
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was first noted in 2012. Although still present, erosion levels have more or less remained consistent since this time, likely due to established, dense native plantings stabilising the slope above and below the slump. It was noted in 2017 that woody and herbaceous vegetation had been removed from the top of the bund wall, likely to facilitate access for removal of large Acacia spp. individuals which were growing into and buckling the fence. A relatively dense layer of juvenile individuals of the native species Kunzea ambigua has germinated from seed and is regrowing in this area, stabilising the top of the bund wall (Photograph 3.3).
This upper area of the bund wall adjacent to the fence line also contains in some areas significant infestations of exotic weed species, predominately the grass Eragrostis curvula (African Lovegrass), and forb Coreopsis lanceolata (Coreopsis).
The vegetation removal works prior to the 2017 surveys resulted in the removal of star pickets delineating the monitoring quadrats, the location of which was required during the 2017 survey to be estimated based on GPS co-ordinates and memory of the botanist undertaking the surveys. For this reason the actual area surveyed for these quadrats is likely to be marginally inconsistent with surveys prior to 2017.
Photograph 3.2 Erosion along the top edge of the NW bund wall
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Photograph 3.3 Fence line above NW bund wall - regrowth after felling of planted vegetation i. Quadrat 4
Quadrat 4 contains a dense shrub layer (Photograph 3.4). Thirty-eight species were detected in the quadrat, of which 53% (n=20) are native. Quadrat 4 contains dense stands of Acacia binervia (Coast Myall), and A. mearnsii (Black Wattle), which dominate the shrub and small tree layer along with Kunzea ambigua (Tick Bush) and Leptospermum petersonii (Lemon-scented Tea-tree). Combined they are estimated to cover approximately 75% of the quadrat. There are single individuals of Acacia mearnsii and Acacia binervia which are now growing higher than the other layers and form a sparse tree layer. The exotic species Solanum mauritianum (Wild Tobacco Bush) and Lantana camara are present in the shrub layer and account for approximately 5% of the coverage of the layer.
Exotic groundcovers occurring commonly include forbs Coreopsis lanceolata and Tagetes minuta (Stinking Roger), and the grass Eragrostis curvula, and other grasses with lower abundances are present including Axonopus fissifolius (Carpet Grass), and Andropogon virginicus (Whiskey Grass). Native species however, dominate the ground layer with the grass Imperata cylindrica (Blady Grass) the most prevalent, along with the graminoid Lomandra longifolia. The weed cover of the ground layer of Quadrat 4 was estimated at 10%, the same as in 2017.
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Ground layer vegetation was estimated at 40% total coverage of the quadrat, with the remainder of the ground comprised of either bare earth, or covered by leaf litter, likely due to shading from the dense shrub layer.
Photograph 3.4 Vegetation in Quadrat 4 ii. Quadrat 5
Quadrat 5 (Photograph 3.5) contains a dense shrub layer (70% coverage) comprised predominately of the species Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia, Leptospermum petersonii, and Kunzea ambigua. Twenty-nine species were recorded in Quadrat 5 in 2019, of which 41% (n=12) are native. A sparse tree and small tree layer are present, consisting of taller individuals of Leptospermum petersonii, Acacia binervia, and Acacia mearnsii. The exotic species Lantana camara occurs in the shrub layer and accounts for approximately 3% of the cover of the layer.
Native species are common and dominant in the ground layer. The dominant species is Lomandra longifolia, and other species include the grasses Themeda triandra (Kangaroo Grass), and Microlaena stipoides (Weeping Grass), and the forb Senecio hispidulus (Hill Fireweed).
The weed cover of the ground layer was estimated at 10%, a reduction from 15% in 2017. There was no apparent evidence of recent weed control works so variations in weed abundances are likely due to seasonal variation in growth of annual weed species. The
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dominant species was the forb Bidens pilosa and other common species include Coreopsis lanceolata and Eragrostis curvula.
The coverage of all ground layer vegetation was estimated at 45% of the quadrat, with the remainder of the ground comprised predominately of bare earth.
A full list of species recorded in Quadrats 4 and 5 is provided in Appendix A.
Photograph 3.5 Vegetation in Quadrat 5
3.1.3 Rehabilitation Area 1 (Northern Fill Area)
This area varies in structure from densely shrubby in the east and north, to sparsely vegetated in the south and west. It is located in the north-eastern corner of the Quarry Site (Figure 2.1). i. Quadrat 2
Quadrat 2 (Photograph 3.6, Figure 2.1) was initially positioned in a way so it captured a variation in vegetative cover. A total of 29 species were recorded within the quadrat, of which 52% (n=15) are native. A layer of small trees with a cover of 10% is present as a canopy within the quadrat and is comprised of the species Casuarina glauca (Swamp Oak) and a single occurrence of Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia. The latter species dominated the small tree and shrub layers in previous years however it was less dominant during the 2019 survey due to dieback of old plantings due to natural senescence.
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Kunzea ambigua is the dominant species in the shrub layer making up over 25% of the cover in the shrub layer. Several other native species are present in this layer, including Leptospermum petersonii and Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia and less commonly Persoonia lanceolata (Lance Leaf Geebung). The exotic species Lantana camara is present and accounts for approximately 4% of the shrub layer.
The dominant native species in the ground layer is the grass Eragrostis brownii (Brown’s Lovegrass). Richness of native species is low in this layer within the quadrat. Other natives present include the forbs Centella asiatica (Indian Pennywort), and Goodenia paniculata (Branched Goodenia).
Exotic species make up approximately 50% of the ground layer, a decrease of 10% from 2017. No recent weed control works were evident, so the decrease is likely due to seasonal variation in abundance of annual weed species. Dominant exotic species are the forb Coreopsis lanceolata and the grass Paspalum dilatatum, with other species such as Bidens pilosa, Axonopus fissifolius (Carpet Grass), and Andropogon virginicus also occurring commonly.
Vegetation throughout the larger fill contains large infestations of exotics such as Bidens pilosa and Coreopsis lanceolata.
A full list of species recorded in Quadrat 2 is provided in Appendix A.
Photograph 3.6 Vegetation within Quadrat 2
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3.1.4 Rehabilitation Area 7 (Stage 1 and 2 Revegetation)
This area of revegetation is the oldest and most mature within the Quarry Site, and was established following completion of Stage 1 and 2 of the Quarry. Rehabilitation Area 7 is located along the southern boundary of the Quarry Site (Figure 2.2). i. Quadrat 3
The vegetation in Quadrat 3 (Figure 2.1) contains native species in all strata (tree, small tree, shrub, and ground layer). A total of 43 species were recorded in 2019, of which 93% (n=40) were native. The vegetation contains Angophora costata (Smooth-barked Apple), and Eucalyptus sieberi (Silver Top Ash) in the tree layer. Species in the small tree layer include Eucalyptus haemastoma (Scribbly Gum), Angophora costata, and Eucalyptus sieberi.
A dense shrub layer is present (Photograph 3.7) consisting largely of Kunzea ambigua and Leptospermum petersonii, with a diverse array of other species, including Angophora hispida (Dwarf Apple), Acacia irrorata subsp. irrorata (Blueskin), Banksia ericifolia (Heath-leaved Banksia), and Persoonia linearis (Narrow-leaved Geebung).
The ground cover is sparse due to the dense shrub cover, and contains Pteridium esculentum (Bracken Fern), Lomandra longifolia, Xanthosia pilosa (Woolly Xanthosia), and Entolasia stricta (Wiry Panic). Weed cover of the ground layer was estimated at <1%, less than recorded in 2017, and includes species such as Andropogon virginicus, Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear), and Conyza sumatrensis (Tall Fleabane).
A full list of species recorded in Quadrat 3 is provided in Appendix A.
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Photograph 3.7 Vegetation in Quadrat 3
3.1.5 Rehabilitation Areas 4 and 6
Rehabilitation Areas 4 (Photograph 3.8) and 6 (Photograph 3.9) are newer revegetation sites that were created in the intervening period between the 2013 survey and the 2015 survey (Figure 2.2). Area 4 is situated along the north-eastern wall of the quarry adjacent to Area 2 and Area 3. Area 6 is located adjacent to Area 4 and Area 7, and is situated on the south-eastern wall of the quarry. These areas have been successfully established with a diverse array of plants that are endemic to the locality, and suitable for planting at the Quarry Site. Many plants during the 2019 survey were reaching greater than 2 metres in height and coverage of plants is relatively uniform with little die off or die back of individuals evident. Allocasuarina littoralis (Black She-oak) plantings are growing quickly with many individuals taller than 3 m, and similarly some Angophora costata plantings in Area 4 were 4-5m tall. . Planted native grasses are well-established and many were seeding at the time of the 2019 survey, particularly Themeda triandra which was abundant in Area 6.
Shrub species planted in these areas include Petrophile pulchella (Conesticks), Acacia oxycedrus (Spike Wattle), and Acacia myrtifolia (Myrtle Wattle). Groundcovers include grasses such as Rytidosperma tenuius (Wallaby Grass), Microlaena stipoides (Weeping Grass), and Dichelachne micrantha (Short-haired Plume Grass), along with other native groundcovers such as Hardenbergia violacea (False Sarsparilla).
Some erosion is present in these areas, due to the location of the revegetation areas on the upper slopes of the quarry walls. Established plants in revegetation areas are stabilising the
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soil surface, as litter cover increases and ground covers spread. Area 4 had a sparser ground layer than Area 6 and more erosion was evident. This was particularly evident in lower areas where successful plantings were sparse.
Some weeds are establishing in Area 4 where it joins the older Rehabilitation Area 3, and in the upper areas along the ridgeline. Species include Bidens pilosa, Coreopsis lanceolata, and Briza maxima (Quaking Grass), and Andropogon virginicus which has become abundant in some areas since 2016 and is likely to outcompete native plantings in the ground layer if not controlled. Similarly, although Area 6 is mostly weed free, weeds are establishing at some points along the ridgeline, and particularly in a small disturbed patch below the ridge where Coreopsis lanceolata and Andropogon virginicus are common.
Photograph 3.8 Plantings in Rehabilitation Area 4
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Photograph 3.9 Andropogon virginicus in Area 4
Photograph 3.10 Well established plantings in Rehabilitation Area 6
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3.1.6 Rehabilitation Areas 8 and 9
The new rehabilitation areas were not surveyed in detail, however both Areas consist of young plantings and growth from native seeds collected elsewhere in the site, which are still establishing. Notes supplied in 2017 by onsite bushland regenerators indicate a diverse array of native species were utilised to revegetate these areas.
Rehabilitation Area 8 is an envirocycle area near the quarry office in the centre of the site. Revegetation species in this area include Syncarpia glomulifera (Turpentine), the shrubs Ozothamnus diosmifolius (Dogwood) and Leptospermum polygalifolium (Tantoon), the grasses Themeda triandra and Rytidosperma tenuis, the rush Juncus usitatus (Common Rush) and the sedge Carex appressa (Tall Sedge). Exotic grasses such as Paspalum dilatatum were common in this area in 2019.
Rehabilitation Area 9 (Photograph 3.11) is located below Area 6. Species which have been planted/had seed spread in this area include the shrubs Indigofera australis (Austral Indigo), Banksia ericifolia, and Acacia terminalis (Sunshine Wattle), and the grasses Aristida ramosa (Purple Wiregrass) and Dichelachne micrantha. This area is being established without tree plantings due to its location beneath powerlines. The area was weed free in 2019. The most successful native species present is Allocasuarina littoralis which is becoming well established, but plantings were sparse in areas and some infill planting is needed.
Photograph 3.11 Vegetation in Rehabilitation Area 8
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Photograph 3.12 Juvenile plantings in Rehabilitation Area 9
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3.2 Rehabilitation Progress
The performance criteria outlined in the RLMP for the Quarry Site (refer to Section 1.2.1) note twenty species that are recommended for re-planting, of which at least 75% are required to be represented in the final landform. Table 3.1 below shows that of the 20 species listed, 80% were represented within the quadrats surveyed. Information regarding the presence of the particular species recommended for re-planting within each quadrat is provided in Appendix A, as well as the presence of these species during previous surveys (2012 to 2017).
Table 3.1 Revegetation species required to be represented in the final landform and their presence in quadrats in 2019
Species Name 2019 Species Name 2019
Acacia suaveolens Yes Corymbia gummifera No
Acacia terminalis Yes Eucalyptus haemastoma Yes
Acacia ulicifolia Yes Hardenbergia violacea Yes
Angophora costata Yes Kennedia rubicunda Yes
Angophora hispida Yes Kunzea ambigua Yes
Banksia ericifolia Yes Kunzea capitata No
Banksia robur Yes Kunzea parvifolia No
Banksia serrata Yes Lomandra longifolia Yes
Banksia spinulosa Yes Themeda australis Yes
Corymbia eximia Yes Xanthorrhoea australis No
Source: Rehabilitation and Landscape Management Plan prepared by R.W. Corkery & Co, 2006
3.3 Priority Weeds
In April 2019, a targeted Priority Weed survey was not undertaken, though weed species were recorded where they occurred within monitoring quadrats.
Two exotic species listed in Appendix 1 Greater Sydney Regional Strategic Weed Management Plan 2017 – 2022 were recorded within monitoring quadrats. Both species are listed as State Priority Weeds. No Regional Priority weeds were recorded. A further six species listed in Appendix 2 of the plan, as Other Weeds of Regional Concern were also located within monitoring quadrats. Table 3.2 below details the Priority Weeds and Other Weeds of Regional Concern recorded within monitoring quadrats and the specific quadrats they were recorded in.
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Table 3.2 Priority Weeds Recorded in Monitoring Quadrats
Species Common Name Status WoNS Location (Quadrat)
Ageratina adenophora Crofton Weed OWRC No 5
Andropogon virginicus Whisky Grass OWRC No 2, 3, 4, 5
Araujia sericifera Moth Vine OWRC No 5
Cenchrus clandestinus Kikuyu OWRC No 4, 5
Eragrostis curvula African Love Grass OWRC No 2,4,51,
Lantana camara Lantana SP Yes 2, 4, 5
Senecio madagascariensis Fireweed SP Yes 1, 4
Solanum mauritianum Wild Tobacco Bush OWRC No 4,5 Key: SP = State Priority Weed, RP = Regional Priority Weed, OWRC = Other Weed of Regional Concern
The two State Priority Weeds recorded, Lantana camara (Lantana) and Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed), have been assigned to the Asset Protection management stream within NSW under the Biosecurity Act 2015. The legal requirement regarding the management of these species is to prevent the spread of weeds to key sites / assets of high economic, environmental and social value, or to reduce their impact on these sites if spread has already occurred.
The rehabilitation area quadrats do not contain a large number of Priority Weed species.
Lantana camara, a Weed of National Significance, was recorded in 2019 in Quadrats 2, 4, and 5. The cover of this species has increased since 2015, and individuals in quadrats are reproductively mature. . Individuals should be controlled immediately in the forthcoming bushland regeneration works (see Figure 2.1 for location of Quadrats 2, 4 and 5). This species has bird spread fruit and all mature individuals within the Quarry Site should be prevented from seeding (destroyed) immediately to fulfil the legal requirement of the NSW Biosecurity Act 2015.
Senecio madagascariensis, another Weed of National Significance, was recorded in Quadrats 1 and 4 in 2019.. As the species is a small, herbaceous forb individuals should regularly be sprayed with herbicide during routine regeneration works while still seedlings and prevented from reaching maturity.
3.4 Fauna
3.4.1 Native Fauna
A zoologist was not present during the April 2019 monitoring survey of the quarry site. Wombat scats were observed by the botanist during the 2019 survey in Rehabilitation Area
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5. The onsite Bushland Regeneration Contractor Toolijooa reported observations of the mammals Wallabia bicolor (Swamp Wallaby), and the birds Neochmia temporalis (Red Brow Finch) and Aquila audax (Wedge-tailed Eagle) within the Quarry Site during 2018.
Appendix B (Table B.1) lists bird species which were noted by a Cumberland Ecology ecologist during the January 2016, December 2017, and April 2019 GDE surveys and zoologist observations from the Quarry Site in 2013.
Generally, the revegetation areas provide limited habitat for native fauna, particularly areas that are structurally simple (e.g. Quadrat 1). Limited shelter and foraging habitat is present in these areas. There are no mature trees with hollows or fallen timber for terrestrial fauna to utilise, except in Rehabilitation Area 7 (Quadrat 3). Trees in this area are still too immature to have developed hollows. However several logs were present in 2019 providing potential habitat for reptile species. Dense shrubs in the older revegetation areas offer shelter and foraging habitat for small bird species, and the diversity of shrub species in the new revegetation areas should increase the diversity of small bird species utilising the Quarry Site as vegetation matures.
The leaf litter that is accumulating in the older rehabilitation areas provides habitat for common reptiles and amphibians, and aquatic habitats such as dams provide habitat suitable for amphibians.
Photograph 3.13 Wombat Scats in Rehabilitation Area 5
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3.4.2 Vertebrate Pests
It is unlikely that the Quarry Site provides important habitat for invertebrate pests due to the denuded nature of the site. No vertebrate pests were directly observed during the April 2019 survey, however old European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) scats and diggings were located by the botanist in Rehabilitation Area 1 (Photograph 3.14) and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) scats were observed in Rehabilitation Area 6 (Photograph 3.15). The onsite Bushland Regeneration Contractor Toolijooa reported observations of Canis lupus familiaris (Wild Dog) within the Quarry Site in 2018.
Habitats present within the Quarry Site could support other feral pests such as the Domestic Cat (Felis catus) and house mice.
Photograph 3.14 Rabbits scats and diggings in Rehabilitation Area 1
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Photograph 3.15 Fox scats in Rehabilitation Area 6
3.5 Threatened Species Monitoring
3.5.1 Darwinia glaucophylla
Individuals of Darwinia glaucophylla were recorded in April 2019 in all areas where they were recorded and mapped previously (Figure 3.1), and were present throughout areas with exposed rock and skeletal soils in the south-western corner of the Quarry Site. As noted in previous years individuals of the species were present which have established in new, suitable areas of habitat created by quarrying activities, on the quarry wall, below previously recorded individuals occurring on the ridgetop. Individuals of the species also continue to be present in a sandy drainage line running along the base of the quarry wall in the south-west, and several new juvenile individuals were located in this area in 2019 (Photograph 3.16). It is likely that seed fall from the ridge top has resulted in the spread of the species downhill.
As in previous years the species was noted during the GDE surveys as profuse in sandy soils within a disturbed powerline easement in the property to the south of the Quarry Site. The species forms extensive mats in this area.
Adequate rainfall had occurred in the period leading up to the survey, and most individuals were healthy. On the ridgetop above Monitoring Plot 3, and within Monitoring Plot 1, individuals were observed flowering during the April 2019 survey, as in during previous monitoring surveys.
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Photograph 3.16 Juvenile D. glaucophylla in sandy drainage line i. Monitoring Plot 1
Monitoring Plot 1 consists of a large, flat sandstone outcrop, to the west of the Quarry Site on an adjoining property, fringed with mats of abundant D. glaucophylla individuals (Photograph 3.17). It is at the lowest elevation of the three plots, with the other two plots more exposed along a ridge top. Individuals in the area were overall in a healthy condition, displaying fresh and mature foliage, and individuals were flowering at the time of the survey
The tagged plant of D. glaucophylla (Dg1) appeared to be a relatively young plant in 2012 with numerous juvenile red stems (Photograph 3.18). The plant was healthy in 2019 and had a combination of older leaves and new growth (Photograph 3.19). The individual was flowering during the 2019 survey (Photograph 3.20).
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Photograph 3.17 Rock platform at MP1 surrounded by mats of D. glaucophylla
Photograph 3.18 Tagged D. glaucophylla (Dg1) individual in 2012
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Photograph 3.19 Tagged D. glaucophylla individual (Dg1) in 2019
Photograph 3.20 Flowering Tagged D. glaucophylla (Dg1) individual at MP1
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ii. Monitoring Plot 2
Monitoring Plot 2 is located within the south-western corner of the Quarry Site, on a slope just below the ridge top, above the quarry wall (Figure 2.1). The population of D. glaucophylla in this area is small (less than 10 individuals) and consists of a combination of healthy individuals, including juveniles, and some with evident dieback, likely due to natural ageing.
The sample individual tagged in 2012 was noted initially as suffering from dieback. In 2013, the plant was deceased although individuals within a few square metres were healthy, and healthy plants have been observed at this location during all subsequent surveys. As first noted in 2016 the species was observed growing from the quarry wall below the plot, and in a drainage line below, where it has evidently spread over time into new habitat created during quarrying activities.
In 2017 a new individual (Dg2) was tagged for monitoring in future surveys. At the time of tagging the plant was healthy exhibiting older leaves and new growth (Photographs 3.21). The plant has grown substantially since 2017 and was a robust plant during the 2019 survey (Photograph 3.22), approximately 30x50cm in spread, and was flowering at the time of the survey (.Photograph 3.23).
Photograph 3.21 Tagged individual Dg2 in 2017
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Photograph 3.22 Dg2 in 2019
Photograph 3.23 Dg2 flowering in 2019
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iii. Monitoring Plot 3
Monitoring Plot 3 is located higher along the same ridge top as Monitoring Plot 2, on a steep, rocky, downhill slope, directly below the ridge top in the south-western corner of the Quarry Site (Figure 2.1). On the ridge top there is a large population with many D. glaucophylla individuals. As noted in previous monitoring surveys by Cumberland Ecology individuals were in various stages of growth in the ridgetop habitat, with some individuals suffering from dieback, some new individuals with juvenile foliage, and some with mature foliage (Photograph 3.24). It is likely that plants suffering from dieback were senescing and not suffering as a result of extraction operations of the Quarry, as the whole population overall had many healthy individuals.
The individual plant that was tagged in 2012 within the monitoring plot was noted as suffering from dieback at that time, and deceased in 2013. Individuals within the surrounding metre were healthy in 2015, 2016, and 2017. Individuals were observed growing from the Quarry wall in 2019 below the monitoring plot as in previous years.
In 2017 a new individual was tagged (Dg3) at MP3 (Photograph 3.25). The individual is located within half a metre of the deceased individual tagged in 2012. In 2019 the individual was noted as being healthy with abundant fresh growth, along with mature foliage, and a wide spread (approximately 50x50cm). The individual was not flowering at the time of the survey (Photograph 3.26).
Photograph 3.24 Individuals on ridge above MP3
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Photograph 3.25 Tagged individual (Dg3) in 2017
Photograph 3.26 Tagged individual (Dg3) in 2019
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3.5.2 Hibbertia procumbens
A healthy population of approximately 50 individuals of Hibbertia procumbens was located in bushland in the western portion of the quarry site in 2016 after not being located within the site since the start of monitoring in 2012. In 2017 the species was relocated in the south of the quarry site close to pre-2012 records.
A thorough transect survey was undertaken in this area in the west of the quarry site in 2019 resulting in the recording of an additional 10 individuals that had not previously been recorded (Photograph 3.27) . During the transect survey previously located individuals (Photograph 3.28) were checked throughout this area and these plants were all healthy and in good condition with none suffering from any evident dieback. Individuals of various ages were present within the Quarry Site population. Unlike in the 2016 and 2017 surveys (undertaken in December) no individuals were observed flowering during the 2019 survey. As the 2019 survey was undertaken in April this is likely outside of the flowering time of the species.
As with the 2016 and 2017 surveys a number of opportunistic sightings were made of this species during the GDE surveys to the south of the quarry site. The species was present in open, managed areas within a powerline easement and in bushland traversed to access GDE quadrat locations. The species is likely to be relatively abundant in this property to the south.
Photograph 3.27 New H. procumbens individual in west of Quarry Site
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Photograph 3.28 Previously located individual resurveyed in 2019
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Legend
Quarry Site Boundary
Threatened Species )" Monitoring Plot Flora Survey April 2019
)" Darwinia glaucophylla
Flora Survey December 2017
)" Darwinia glaucophylla
Flora Survey December 2016
)" Darwinia glaucophylla
Flora Survey February 2016
)" Darwinia glaucophylla
Flora Survey 2015
)" Darwinia glaucophylla
Flora Survey 2013
)" Darwinia glaucophylla
Flora Survey 2012
)" Darwinia glaucophylla
Previous Flora Surveys )" )" )")")")" Darwinia glaucophylla )")")")"
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Image Source: Image © NearMap 2019 (Dated 31/3/2019) )" )" I )")")" )" Coordinate System: MGA Zone 56 (GDA 94) )" " )")")" )")")"
)" I:\...\12081\Figures\RP7\20190429\Figure 3.1 Darwinia glaucophylla recorded within, andadjacent to, the Quarry SiteBoundary
Figure 3.1 Darwinia glaucophylla recorded within, and adjacent to, the Quarry Site Boundary 0 50 100 150 200 m Legend
Quarry Site Boundary
Previous Flora Surveys (pre-2012)
)" Hibbertia procumbens
Flora Survey December 2016
)" Hibbertia procumbens
Flora Survey December 2017
)" Hibbertia procumbens
Flora Survey April 2019
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Image Source: Image © NearMap 2019 (Dated 31/3/2019) )" )" I )" Coordinate System: MGA Zone 56 (GDA 94)
)" I:\...\12081\Figures\RP7\20190429\Figure 3.2.Hibbertia procumbens recorded within, and adjacent to, the QuarrySite Boundary
Figure 3.2. Hibbertia procumbens recorded within, and adjacent to, the Quarry Site Boundary 0 50 100 150 200 m
Chapter 4
Results - Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems
All GDE quadrats surveyed in April 2019 had similar species compositions and coverages as the 2017 surveys.
All quadrats contained intact native vegetation with no signs of prior disturbance and no exotic weed species present. In 2017 two juvenile individuals of the exotic Ageratina adenophora (Crofton Weed) were recorded in GDE 1. These individuals were not present in 2019. No die back of native vegetation was evident, and no impacts to vegetation as a result of upstream quarrying activities were evident during the site survey.
4.1 Sandstone Hanging Swamps
4.1.1 Quadrat GDE1
Quadrat GDE1 contains dense groundcover and scattered shrubs, as well as scattered trees (Photographs 4.1 and 4.2). The southern edge of the quadrat is bordered by Exposed Hawkesbury Woodland. The majority of the quadrat consists of a sandstone hanging swamp, located in a flat area along the floodplain of an unnamed creek, which is an upper tributary of Cabbage Tree Creek. A total of 56 native species were recorded in this quadrat in 2019.
Four tree species are scattered within the quadrat, around the southern and eastern edges: Eucalyptus haemastoma, Eucalyptus punctata (Grey Gum), Corymbia gummifera (Red Bloodwood), and Allocasuarina littoralis. The species Leptospermum juniperinum (Prickly Tea-tree) is dominant both in the sub-canopy and shrub layer.
Numerous individuals of other shrub species including Banksia oblongifolia (Fern-leaved Banksia), Banksia robur (Swamp Banksia), Bauera rubioides (River Rose) and Persoonia levis (Broad-leaved Geebung) are present.
The dominant groundcover species are ferns and sedges with the dominant species including Gleichenia microphylla (Scrambling Coral Fern), Gahnia sieberiana (Red-fruit Saw- sedge), and Pteridium esculentum (Bracken Fern).
A full list of species recorded in Quadrat GDE1 is provided in Table C.1 of Appendix C.
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Photograph 4.1 Quadrat GDE1 in January 2016
Photograph 4.2 Quadrat GDE1 in April 2019
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4.1.2 Quadrat GDE2
Quadrat GDE2 does not contain any canopy species, only scattered shrubs and a dense groundcover (Photograph 4.3 and 4.4). It is located in the centre of the swamp community, downstream of Quadrat GDE1, containing species tolerant of periodically waterlogged soils only. A total of 16 species were recorded in 2019
A tall shrub to small tree layer is present consisting of scattered individuals of Leptospermum juniperinum (Prickly Tea-tree). A lower stature shrub layer is also present consisting of younger Leptospermum juniperinum individuals along with species such as Banksia robur and Aotus ericoides. In the ground layer, Gleichenia microphylla, Gahnia sieberiana and Lepidosperma filiforme are the dominant species, with other species present with low cover including Drosera binata (Forked Sundew), Eurychorda complanata, and Empodisma minus (Spreading Rope-rush).
A full list of species recorded in Quadrat GDE2 in 2019 is provided in Table C.1 of Appendix C.
Photograph 4.3 Quadrat GDE2 in January 2016
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Photograph 4.4 Quadrat GDE2 in April 2019
4.1.3 Quadrat GDE3
Vegetation within Quadrat GDE3 consists of Hawkesbury Banksia Scrub-Woodland (Scrub) (Photographs 4.5 and 4.6). A total of 52 species were recorded within this quadrat. The upper reach of a tributary of Cabbage Tree Creek runs through the centre of the quadrat.
Canopy and sub-canopy species present are Eucalyptus piperita (Sydney Peppermint), Allocasuarina littoralis, and Banksia serrata (Old-man Banksia). The shrub layer is diverse with 23 shrub species recorded in April 2019. Shrub species present include Hakea teretifolia (Needlebush), Banksia spinulosa (Hairpin Banksia), Leptospermum trinervium (Flaky-barked Tea-tree), and Acacia oxycedrus.
Groundcover species include ferns and graminoids such as Pteridium esculentum, Todea barbara (King Fern), Empodisma minus, and Lomandra longifolia. A small number of forbs including Dampiera stricta, Monotaxis linifolia, and Xanthosia pilosa (Rock Xanthosia) are also present.
A full list of species recorded in Quadrat GDE3 is provided in Table C.1 of Appendix C.
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Photograph 4.5 Quadrat GDE3 in January 2016
Photograph 4.6 Quadrat GDE3 in April 2019
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4.2 Sandstone Ranges Gully Forest
4.2.1 Quadrat GDE4
Quadrat GDE4 is located in a rocky gallery below a waterfall, further downstream along the tributary that runs through GDE3. The quadrat is dominated by rainforest species and the ground layer is sparse due to the rocky nature of the terrain, water movement through the quadrat along the sandstone creek bed, and dense canopy shading (Photographs 4.7 and 4.8). A total of 27 species were recorded in 2019.
The dominant canopy species is Ceratopetalum apetalum (Coachwood) and to a lesser extent Syncarpia glomulifera, Tristaniopsis laurina (Water Gum) and Allocasuarina torulosa (Forest Sheoak). Allocasuarina torulosa in the gully is unusually tall for the species, with some individuals reaching approximately 30 m in height. A sub-canopy is present within the quadrat dominated by smaller Ceratopetalum apetalum individuals than the canopy, and Acacia elata (Mountain Cedar Wattle) and Syzygium oleosum (Blue Lilly Pilly) are also present in the layer.
Scattered shrubs are present, including Lomatia myricoides (River Lomatia), juvenile Ceratopetalum apetalum individuals, and the low-growing Austromyrtus tenuifolia. Groundcover is generally sparse, with only a few species present such as the ferns Sticherus flabellatus var. flabellatus (Shiny Fan Fern), Todea barbara (King Fern), and Pellaea paradoxa, the twiner Smilax glyciphylla (Sweet Sarsaparilla), and sedge Gahnia clarkei (Tall Saw-sedge). The epiphytic orchid species Dendrobium speciosum (Sydney Rock Orchid) and Cymbidium suave (Snake Orchid) are also present within the quadrat.
A full list of species recorded in Quadrat GDE4 is provided in Table C.1 of Appendix C.
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Photograph 4.7 Quadrat GDE4 in January 2016
Photograph 4.8 Quadrat GDE4 in April 2019
4.2.2 Quadrat GDE5
Quadrat GDE5 is located in a rocky gallery, west of GDE4, downstream along the same tributary, and includes the creek line running through the centre (Photograph 4.9 and 4.10).
A total number of 31 species were recorded within the quadrat in 2019. The canopy is comprised of Ceratopetalum apetalum, Tristaniopsis laurina, Syncarpia glomulifera, and Allocasuarina torulosa. Vegetation within Quadrat GDE5 contains a relatively dense sub- canopy (40% coverage) of younger Ceratopetalum apetalum individuals than those in the canopy. The shrub layer consists predominately of juvenile Ceratopetalum apetalum, along with Lomatia myricoides, and several scattered individuals of other species such as Zieria smithii (Sandfly Zieria), and Austromyrtus tenuifolia.
The ground layer is sparse, with the dominant species being fern species Sticherus flabellatus var. flabellatus and Todea barbara. Other fern species including epiphytes occur within the quadrat such as Pyrrosia rupestris (Rock Felt Fern) and Grammitis billardierei (Finger Fern), and the fork fern Tmesipteris truncata. Four epiphytic orchids, Cestichis reflexa, Dendrobium speciosum, Dendrobium linguiforme (Tongue Orchid) and Bulbophyllum shepherdii (Wheat-leaved Orchid) are present within the quadrat growing on sandstone boulders.
A full list of species recorded in Quadrat GDE5 is provided in Table C.1 of Appendix C.
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Photograph 4.9 Quadrat GDE5 in January 2016
Photograph 4.10 Quadrat GDE5 in April 2019
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Legend
Quarry Site Boundary
(! GDE Monitoring Plot (20 x 20 m Quadrat)
Image Source: Image © NearMap 2019 (! (Dated 31/3/2019) GDE5 (! GDE4 I (!GDE3 Coordinate System: MGA Zone 56 (GDA 94)
(! GDE2
(! GDE1 I:\...\12081\Figures\RP7\20190429\Figure 4.1 GDE MonitoringPlot Locations
Figure 4.1 GDE Monitoring Plot Locations 0 50 100 150 200 m
Chapter 5
Conclusions and Recommendations
5.1 Conclusion
5.1.1 Rehabilitation Areas
Some recommendations from the previous monitoring reports have not been implemented to date and are recommended again in Section 5.2 below.
The rehabilitation areas have seen a general increase in weeds and decrease in native species richness since the 2016 monitoring survey. This trend is associated with a change in Bushland Regeneration Contractors with the long-time contractor leaving prior to the 2016 survey. Prior to the April 2019 survey there was a change in Bushland Regeneration Contractors again (S. Pescud, personal communication, April 17, 2019). Toolijooa Pty Ltd is the current Bushland Regeneration Contractor. Mass weed control has recently been undertaken by Toolijooa by spraying herbicide throughout Rehabilitation Area 2 and it is expected by the next monitoring survey the overall trend in weed coverage increase will have been reversed in all rehabilitation areas.
Slight decreases in weed coverage were noted in Quadrats 2, 3, and 5 when compared to 2017 survey results. As there was no evidence of weed control works having been recently undertaken in these Rehabilitation Areas the decrease is likely due to seasonal fluctuation in coverage of annual weed species. Increases were noted in Quadrat 1, however mass control of weeds has been undertaken in this area, and the weed coverage consisted of new regrowth of seedlings only (predominately Bidens pilosa) and it is expected that coverage will be drastically decreased by the next monitoring survey. Weed coverage in Quadrat 4 was the same as in 2017.
There are large coverages of weed species such as Paspalum dilatatum, Coreopsis lanceolata, and Bidens pilosa in Rehabilitation Areas 1, 2, 3, and 5. These infestations have likely contributed to a noted decline in native species richness in monitoring quadrats in these areas due to outcompeting of native species in the ground layer, including juveniles of planted shrubs. The coverage and abundance of these species has generally been increasing since the 2016 monitoring survey. Additionally in these areas the State Priority Weed and Weed of National Significance Lantana camara is well established with many reproductively mature individuals present and comprises between 3 and 5% of the shrub layer in monitoring quadrats in these areas.
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The ground layer of most monitoring quadrats is depauperate of native species. It was noted in previous years that this was likely due to shading by dense Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia thickets in some areas, particularly in Rehabilitation Area 5. Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia individuals have died back across all rehabilitation areas and in many areas this has resulted in gaps in the native shrub layer which need to be addressed. Increased light penetration is allowing exotic weed species to flourish. As noted above weeds are now shading and out-competing native species in the ground layer throughout Rehabilitation Areas 1, 2, 3 and 5. Weed control, such as regular monthly herbicide application is now required. The gaps in shrub coverage should be planted out with a diverse array of local provenance native shrubs to improve the diversity in these areas and their utility to native fauna, along with mass planting of ground layer species as weeds are controlled. The newer rehabilitation areas and Rehabilitation Area 7 have a high diversity of planted species, and should serve as examples for improving other areas.
Weeds are present in the newer Rehabilitation Areas 4 and 6. There is an opportunity to control these weeds before they develop into problematic infestations as they have in the older rehabilitation areas (with the exception of Rehabilitation Area 7 which has very low abundances of exotic species). In particular the ridgeline in Area 4 is starting to become infested with weeds, with some problematic occurrences of Andropogon virginicus which should be controlled immediately.
With the exception of weed control in the older rehabilitation areas rehabilitation is generally being implemented in accordance with the performance criteria set out in Section 1.2.1 and the species required to be represented in the final landform are well represented at present in the newer rehabilitation areas. There are some shortfalls in regards to erosion and sediment control of some of the bund walls in Rehabilitation Area 5, which need to be addressed. Recommended measures to address these are outlined in Section 5.2 below.
5.1.2 Threatened Species Survey
The recent threatened species survey found the population of Darwinia glaucophylla within the Quarry Site to be healthy and unaffected by sand extraction and related activities, and as noted in previous years it is expanding into new habitat on the southern Quarry wall and below, where in 2019 several new juvenile individuals were recorded. All tagged individuals are healthy and thriving. Dg2 and Dg3 showed a marked increase in growth/spread since 2017. Dg1 and Dg2 were flowering at the time of the 2019 survey.
A healthy population of Hibbertia procumbens was located in the west of the Quarry Site in 2016. Individuals of the species that were recorded previously and rechecked in 2019 are still present and healthy, and approximately ten new individuals were recorded in 2019 in the west. It is recommended that the population of the species within the Quarry Site is continued to be monitored for changes in relation to quarrying activities in the future.
5.1.3 Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems
Vegetation within GDE quadrats appears to be healthy, remnant native vegetation, and there is little observable evidence after two years of monitoring that areas to the south of the Quarry Site have been impacted by sand mining activities. No exotic species were recorded
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in any GDE quadrats in 2019. Plant density and species composition was similar within the GDE quadrats in April 2017 as during previous surveys.
5.2 Recommendations
Key recommendations include:
Eradicate all extant occurrences of Priority Weeds and other weeds of regional concern in quadrats and surrounding rehabilitation areas. Lantana camara individuals of a shrub-size were recorded in Quadrats 2, 4, and 5. These have been present since the 2013 survey and are now reproductively mature, and should be controlled immediately. The species is scattered throughout Rehabilitation Area 5 and Rehabilitation Area 1;
Woody vegetation that has been removed along the fence line above Rehabilitation Area 5 has been felled into the rehabilitation area, and much of it is hung up in the branches of other planted vegetation. As this vegetation consisted of Acacia spp. which decompose quickly, its utility is negligible in the long term as fauna habitat, and in the short term poses a fire risk, as well as making the dense rehabilitation area further inaccessible to onsite bushland regenerators. This woody debris should be removed;
Star pickets delineating the monitoring quadrats in Rehabilitation Area 5 which were removed during fence repair works need to be replaced in order to ensure future monitoring surveys are accurately undertaken;
Continue weed control of other exotic groundcovers within rehabilitation areas, particularly the acoustic bund walls and northern fill area. Some weed species at the time of the survey were seeding, and this needs to be prevented during future regeneration works to break the cycle of weeds maturing and depositing new seed into the soil seed bank. In particular, species which are prolific seeders such as Bidens pilosa, Coreopsis lanceolata, and Andropogon virginicus should be prevented from reaching this stage of their life cycles. Bidens pilosa and Coreopsis lanceolata have consistently been recorded in prior years, and during the latest survey as seeding. These species currently dominate the ground layer in many areas, and will continue to inhibit germination of native seeds until prevented from seeding, and eliminated from the soil seed bank. Large infestations require regular monthly herbicide application for at least six months to a year, and potentially longer until eradicated;
Weed control efforts requires more of a focus on the areas containing Quadrats 1, 2, and 5. Following a further 6 months of weed control in which weeds are not allowed to set seed, a larger range of native herbs and grasses need to be planted to inhibit weed growth in the future and to increase native species diversity. A planting list is provided in Appendix D;
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Review the species list provided in the RLMP. Include a wider range of local native plant species that inhabit varying habitats i.e. a range of species from moist to exposed habitats, particularly in Rehabilitation Area 5. If Acacia spp. are used in seed mix, implement measures to thin accordingly and plant out with secondary species to avoid dominance of one species (Appendix D). It is recommended that Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia is not used in future plantings as long as it continues to be abundant in older rehabilitation areas;
Older rehabilitation areas with the exception of Rehabilitation Area 7 lack canopy species, which should be planted throughout these areas (Appendix D);
Continue seed collection and spreading of local native seed;
Continue to monitor vertebrate pest activity and implement control measures if these are observed in high numbers;
During regular bushland regeneration activities the slump in Rehabilitation Area 5 should be monitored for further erosion. Where further erosion is observed the following should be implemented:
Step 1: stabilise the bund wall using a series of staked logs or small benches along the contours and add topsoil;
Step 2: once bund wall is stabilised and topsoil is spread, plant with tube stocks or spread native seed. Incorporate species that prefer exposed habitats as this wall faces west. Use species tolerant of moisture along the toe and next to the drain;
Future rehabilitation areas should have soil stabilised prior to planting by using materials such as jute matting to prevent erosion;
Continue to monitor the presence and condition of threatened species populations within the Quarry Site on an annual basis. A population of H. procumbens within the quarry site was located/relocated in 2016 and 2017. During the next monitoring period a small number of H. procumbens individuals should be tagged and monitored yearly to act as surrogates for assessing the health of the quarry population as is currently done for D. glaucophylla.
No actions are recommended concerning GDEs, as recorded vegetation appears to remain unchanged in the year since establishment of the monitoring quadrats, and there is no observable impact of Quarry activities. Vegetation communities in these areas are intact. Continued monitoring of established quadrats on an annual basis will determine if quarrying activities are impacting groundwater supply and the viability of GDEs.
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Appendix A
Flora Species Recorded in Monitoring Quadrats - 2012 - 2019
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Table A.1 Species Recorded and Cover-Abundance Scores in Rehabilitation Monitoring Quadrats: 2012 - 2015
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2012 Quadrats 2013 Quadrats 2015
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Trees
Myrtaceae Angophora costata Smooth-barked Apple 5 5 5
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sieberi Silvertop Ash 1 5 5
Small Trees
Fabaceae Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia Sydney Golden Wattle 5 5 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia mearnsii 5 5 2 5 (Mimosoideae)
Myrtaceae Angophora costata Smooth-barked Apple 5
Myrtaceae Angophora hispida Dwarf Apple 3
Myrtaceae Corymbia eximia Yellow Bloodwood 3 3
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus haemastoma a Scribbly Gum 1 1 1
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sieberi Silvertop Ash 1 5
Shrubs
Araliaceae Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry Ash 1
Casuarinaceae Casuarina glauca Swamp Oak 2 2 3
Cunoniaceae Callicoma serratifolia Black Wattle 1 2
Euphorbiaceae Glochidion ferdinandi Cheese Tree 2
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Table A.1 Species Recorded and Cover-Abundance Scores in Rehabilitation Monitoring Quadrats: 2012 - 2015
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2012 Quadrats 2013 Quadrats 2015
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Fabaceae Bossiaea heterophylla Variable Bossiaea 3 3 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Bossiaea scolopendria 1 1 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Pultenaea rosmarinifolia 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Pultenaea tuberculata Wreath Bush-pea 1 1 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Acacia binervia 5 5 2 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia irrorata subsp. irrorata 1 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia linifolia 2 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia 6 6 3 5 5 7 6 4 6 5 7 6 5 5 6 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae Coastal Wattle 2 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia mearnsii 1 1 1 2 (Mimosoideae)
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Table A.1 Species Recorded and Cover-Abundance Scores in Rehabilitation Monitoring Quadrats: 2012 - 2015
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2012 Quadrats 2013 Quadrats 2015
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Fabaceae Acacia myrtifolia 1 1 1 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia oxycedrus 1 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia stricta 1 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia suaveolens Sweet-scented Wattle 1 2 1 1 2 4 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia terminalis subsp. terminalis 1 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia terminalis Sunshine Wattle 3 1 2 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia ulicifolia Prickly Moses 3 4 1 3 (Mimosoideae)
Myrtaceae Angophora costata 2 3 2 2 3
Myrtaceae Angophora hispida Dwarf Apple 3 2 3 1
Myrtaceae Kunzea ambigua 2 6 3 3 4 6 5 4 5 5 6 5
Myrtaceae Leptospermum petersonii Yellow Tea Tree 1 4 3 1 6 6 3 4 5 6 5
Proteaceae Banksia ericifolia Heath Banksia 2 2 2 3
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Table A.1 Species Recorded and Cover-Abundance Scores in Rehabilitation Monitoring Quadrats: 2012 - 2015
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2012 Quadrats 2013 Quadrats 2015
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Proteaceae Banksia robur Swamp Banksia 2 1
Proteaceae Banksia serrata Old Man Banksia 1 3 2 3 3
Proteaceae Banksia spinulosa Hairpin Banksia 1 2 3 2
Proteaceae Grevillea buxifolia Grey Spider-flower 1 1
Proteaceae Grevillea diffusa ssp. filipendula 1 1 3
Proteaceae Hakea sericea 3 5 4
Proteaceae Hakea teretifolia Dagger Hakea 2 3 2 2
Proteaceae Persoonia levis Broad-leaved Geebung 1 2 3
Proteaceae Persoonia linearis Narrow-leaved Geebung 3
Verbenaceae * Lantana camara Lantana 2 2
Ferns
Dennstaedtiacea Pteridium esculentum Bracken Fern 2 2 2 5 e
Dicksoniaceae Calochlaena dubia Rainbow Fern 3 3
Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea microphylla Lacy Wedge Fern 2
Herbs - Dicots
Apiaceae Centella asiatica 3 3 5
Apiaceae Xanthosia pilosa 2 3
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Table A.1 Species Recorded and Cover-Abundance Scores in Rehabilitation Monitoring Quadrats: 2012 - 2015
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2012 Quadrats 2013 Quadrats 2015
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Asteraceae * Ageratina adenophora Crofton Weed 2
Asteraceae * Bidens pilosa 3 2 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 5
Asteraceae * Cirsium vulgare 1 4
Asteraceae * Conyza bonariensis 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3
Asteraceae * Conyza sumatrensis Tall Fleabane 2 3 2 5
Asteraceae * Coreopsis lanceolata 4 2 3 3 4 3 4 5 2 5 5
Asteraceae * Crassocephalum crepidioides 3
Asteraceae * Gamochaeta americana Cudweed 2
Asteraceae * Gnaphalium sp. 2 2
Asteraceae * Hypochaeris radicata 4 3 3 3 3 1 3 2 3
Asteraceae * Lactuca saligna Willow-leaved Lettuce 1 2
Asteraceae Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Jersey Cudweed 2
Asteraceae * Senecio madagascariensis 1 2 2 2 2
Asteraceae * Sonchus oleraceus Common Sowthistle 2 1 1
Asteraceae * Tagetes minuta 2 4 3 3
Asteraceae * Taraxacum officinale Dandelion 2
Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia gracilis Sprawling Bluebell 2 2
Clusiaceae Hypericum gramineum Small St. John's Wort 2
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Table A.1 Species Recorded and Cover-Abundance Scores in Rehabilitation Monitoring Quadrats: 2012 - 2015
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2012 Quadrats 2013 Quadrats 2015
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Fabaceae * Trifolium repens White Clover 2 3 2 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae * Vicia sativa 1 (Faboideae)
Fumariaceae * Fumaria muralis Wall Fumitory 2 2
Gentianaceae * Centaurium tenuiflorum 3
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus micranthus 2
Lamiaceae * Stachys arvensis 1 1
Malvaceae * Sida rhombifolia 1 2 2 1 2 2 2
Oxalidaceae Oxalis perennans 1
Phytolaccaceae * Phytolacca octandra Inkweed 2 2 2
Pittosporaceae Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosporum (Seedling) 3 2
Plantaginaceae * Plantago lanceolata Lamb's Tongue 2 2
Polygonaceae * Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel
Rubiaceae * Richardia stellaris 2
Solanaceae * Solanum mauritianum Wild Tobacco Bush (Seedling) 1
Solanaceae * Solanum nigrum 3
Verbenaceae * Lantana camara Lantana 1 1 2
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Table A.1 Species Recorded and Cover-Abundance Scores in Rehabilitation Monitoring Quadrats: 2012 - 2015
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2012 Quadrats 2013 Quadrats 2015
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Verbenaceae * Verbena bonariensis Purpletop 2 1 1 1 2 2
Herbs - Monocots
Commelinaceae Commelina cyanea Scurvy Weed 1 5
Cyperaceae Caustis flexuosa Curly Sedge 1 2 1
Cyperaceae * Cyperus congestus 3 1
Cyperaceae * Cyperus eragrostis 2 2
Cyperaceae Cyperus polystachyos 2
Cyperaceae Cyperus sanguinolentus 1
Cyperaceae Gahnia clarkei 1 1 2 2 3
Juncaceae Juncus sp. 3 3
Juncaceae * Juncus cognatus 2
Juncaceae Juncus continuus 2 4 2
Iridaceae * Gladiolus undulatus Wild Gladiolus 3
Lomandraceae Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush 1 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 5 5 5
Lomandraceae Lomandra obliqua 1
Poaceae * Andropogon virginicus Whisky Grass 3 1 3 2 4 4 3 5 2 4
Poaceae * Agrostis sp. 1
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Table A.1 Species Recorded and Cover-Abundance Scores in Rehabilitation Monitoring Quadrats: 2012 - 2015
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2012 Quadrats 2013 Quadrats 2015
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Poaceae * Axonopus fissifolius Narrow-leaved Carpet Grass 2 3 4 3 1 4 4
Poaceae * Briza subaristata 2 2
Poaceae * Briza maxima Blowfly Grass 1 2
Poaceae * Cenchrus clandestinus Kikuyu 3 5 2 4 6 3 3 5 2 2 3
Poaceae * Chloris gayana 3
Poaceae * Cortaderia selloana Pampas 5 1
Poaceae * Cynodon dactylon Couch 5 5 5 6 5 6 4 5 3 5 3 4
Poaceae * Digitaria sanguinalis Summer Grass 2 2 2
Poaceae * Echinochloa crus-galii Barnyard Grass 2
Poaceae * Ehrharta erecta Panic Veldtgrass 1 3
Poaceae Entolasia stricta Wiry Panic 2 1 3 1
Poaceae Eragrostis brownii Brown's Lovegrass 1 4 2 3 2
Poaceae * Eragrostis curvula African Love Grass 2 3 2 3 4 2 4
Poaceae Imperata cylindrica Blady Grass 5 3 5 5 5 6 5
Poaceae Lachnagrostis filiformis 2
Poaceae * Lolium perenne 4 4 5
Poaceae Microlaena stipoides 3 4 3
Poaceae * Panicum maximum 1
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.8 6 MAY 2019
Table A.1 Species Recorded and Cover-Abundance Scores in Rehabilitation Monitoring Quadrats: 2012 - 2015
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2012 Quadrats 2013 Quadrats 2015
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Poaceae * Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum 6 1 2 3 5 2 2 3 4 2 2
Poaceae * Setaria parviflora 3 4 2 3
Poaceae Themeda triandra Kangaroo Grass 1 1 2 1 3 3 3 4 2 3 2 5 5
Restionaceae Lepyrodia muelleri 2
Apocynaceae * Araujia sericifera 1 1
Fabaceae Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral Pea 2 4 2 1 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Kennedia rubicunda Dusky Coral Pea 4 1 2 5 3 5 3 (Faboideae)
Menispermaceae Stephania japonica var. discolor Snake Vine 1 1 4 2 2 1 4 3
Passifloraceae * Passiflora edulis Common Passionfruit 4 2
Pittosporaceae Billardiera scandens Hairy Apple Berry 1 2 2
Vitaceae Cissus hypoglauca Five-leaved water vine 1 2 * = Exotic, 1 = rare, less than 5% cover; 2 = occasional, less than 5% cover; 3 = common but less than 5% cover; 4 = very common but less than 5% cover; 5 = 5-25% cover; 6 = 26-50% cover; 7 = 51-75% cover; and 8 = 76%-100% cover.
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.9 6 MAY 2019
Table A.2 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats –2016 and 2017
Quadrats February 2016 Quadrats December Quadrats 2017 Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name 2016
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Trees
Fabaceae Acacia mearnsii 1 1 (Mimosoideae)
Myrtaceae Angophora costata Smooth-barked Apple 5 5 5
Myrtaceae Corymbia eximia Yellow Bloodwood 1
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sieberi Silvertop Ash 5 5 5
Small Trees
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina littoralis Forest Oak 1 1 1
Casuarinaceae Casuarina glauca Swamp Oak 2 1 2
Fabaceae Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia Sydney Golden Wattle 2 3 2 5 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia binervia 5 5 5 3 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia mearnsii 5 1 4 1 5 5 (Mimosoideae)
Myrtaceae Angophora costata Smooth-barked Apple 5 5 5
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.10 6 MAY 2019
Table A.2 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats –2016 and 2017
Quadrats February 2016 Quadrats December Quadrats 2017 Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name 2016
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Myrtaceae Angophora hispida Dwarf Apple 1 1
Myrtaceae Corymbia eximia Yellow Bloodwood 3 3
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus haemastoma a Scribbly Gum 1 1 1
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sieberi Silvertop Ash 5 5 5
Myrtaceae Kunzea ambigua 2
Myrtaceae Leptospermum petersonii Lemon-scented Tea Tree 2 2 2
Proteaceae Banksia ericifolia Heath Banksia 1 2
Proteaceae Banksia serrata Old Man Banksia 1 1
Shrubs
Araliaceae Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry Ash
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina littoralis Forest Oak 1
Casuarinaceae Casuarina glauca Swamp Oak 1 2 5
Cunoniaceae Callicoma serratifolia Black Wattle 2 2 1
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia acicularis 1 1
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia empetrifolia subsp. 1 1 empetrifolia
Ericaceae Woollsia pungens 1 1 1
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.11 6 MAY 2019
Table A.2 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats –2016 and 2017
Quadrats February 2016 Quadrats December Quadrats 2017 Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name 2016
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Fabaceae Aotus ericoides 1 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Bossiaea heterophylla Variable Bossiaea 4 1 1 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Bossiaea prostrata 3 1 1 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Bossiaea scolopendria 1 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Pultenaea rosmarinifolia 2 1 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Pultenaea tuberculata Wreath Bush-pea 1 1 1 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Acacia binervia 3 2 3 2 2 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia irrorata subsp. irrorata 2 2 2 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia linifolia 1 1 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia 6 6 5 6 6 5 6 5 5 6 5 5 4 2 5
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.12 6 MAY 2019
Table A.2 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats –2016 and 2017
Quadrats February 2016 Quadrats December Quadrats 2017 Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name 2016
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
(Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia longifolia subsp. Coastal Wattle 2 2 (Mimosoideae) sophorae
Fabaceae Acacia mearnsii 2 1 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia oxycedrus 1 1 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia stricta 2 1 2 1 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia suaveolens Sweet-scented Wattle 2 2 1 2 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia terminalis subsp. 2 (Mimosoideae) terminalis
Fabaceae Acacia terminalis Sunshine Wattle 2 1 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia ulicifolia Prickly Moses 2 1 2 (Mimosoideae)
Myrtaceae Angophora costata 1
Myrtaceae Angophora hispida Dwarf Apple 3 1
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.13 6 MAY 2019
Table A.2 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats –2016 and 2017
Quadrats February 2016 Quadrats December Quadrats 2017 Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name 2016
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Myrtaceae Kunzea ambigua 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 5 5 5
Myrtaceae Leptospermum petersonii Yellow Tea Tree 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 6 6
Pittosporaceae Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosporum 1 1 1 2 2
Proteaceae Banksia ericifolia Heath Banksia 2 3 2 2
Proteaceae Banksia robur Swamp Banksia 1 1
Proteaceae Banksia serrata Old Man Banksia 2 3 2 2 2
Proteaceae Banksia spinulosa Hairpin Banksia 2 2 1
Proteaceae Grevillea buxifolia Grey Spider-flower 1 1
Proteaceae Grevillea diffusa subsp. 1 1 2 1 1 filipendula
Proteaceae Grevillea sericea Pink Spider-flower 3 1 4 3
Proteaceae Hakea propinqua 1
Proteaceae Hakea sericea 4 2 2
Proteaceae Hakea teretifolia Dagger Hakea 1 2
Proteaceae Isopogon anethifolius Narrow-leaf Drumsticks 2 1 1
Proteaceae Lomatia silaifolia 1
Proteaceae Persoonia lanceolata Lance-leaf Geebung 1 1 2
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.14 6 MAY 2019
Table A.2 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats –2016 and 2017
Quadrats February 2016 Quadrats December Quadrats 2017 Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name 2016
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Proteaceae Persoonia linearis Narrow-leaved Geebung 2 2 2
Sapindaceae Dodonaea triquetra Hopbush 1 1
Solanaceae * Solanum mauritianum Wild Tobacco Bush 2 1 2 1 1 1
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea linifolia Slender Rice Flower 1 1
Verbenaceae * Lantana camara Lantana 2 1 3 2 3 3
Herbs - Ferns
Dennstaedtiaceae Hypolepis muelleri Harsh Ground Fern 2 3 2 3 2
Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium esculentum Bracken Fern 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1
Dicksoniaceae Calochlaena dubia Rainbow Fern 5 5 3
Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea microphylla Lacy Wedge Fern 1 2 1
Pteridaceae Adiantum aethiopicum Common Maidenhair 1
Herbs - Dicots
Apiaceae Centella asiatica 4 4 2 4 2
Apiaceae Xanthosia pilosa 2 2 2
Asteraceae * Ageratina adenophora Crofton Weed 3 2 2
Asteraceae * Ageratina riparia Mist Flower 2 2
Asteraceae * Arctotheca calendula Capeweed 2
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.15 6 MAY 2019
Table A.2 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats –2016 and 2017
Quadrats February 2016 Quadrats December Quadrats 2017 Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name 2016
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Asteraceae * Bidens pilosa 3 5 4 5 6 5 3 4 6 5 3 4
Asteraceae * Carthamus lanatus Saffron Thistle 1
Asteraceae * Cirsium vulgare 1
Asteraceae Centipeda minima Spreading Sneezeweed 2 2
Asteraceae * Conyza bonariensis 2 3 2 5 2 2 3 4
Asteraceae * Conyza sumatrensis Tall Fleabane 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3
Asteraceae * Coreopsis lanceolata 2 4 2 5 5 5 2 4 5 3 5 1 5 5
Asteraceae Cotula australis Annual Buttonweed 2
Asteraceae * Crassocephalum crepidioides
Asteraceae * Gamochaeta americana Cudweed 2 2 3 2 2
Asteraceae * Gamochaeta calviceps Cudweed 3 3
Asteraceae * Gamochaeta pensylvanica Pennsylvania Cudweed 2
Asteraceae * Gamochaeta purpurea Purple Cudweed 4 2
Asteraceae * Hypochaeris radicata 2 2 2 3 3 4 3 2
Asteraceae * Lactuca saligna Willow-leaved Lettuce 2 2 2 2 1
Asteraceae * Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce 1
Asteraceae Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Jersey Cudweed 2 3 1 4 2 4 2
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.16 6 MAY 2019
Table A.2 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats –2016 and 2017
Quadrats February 2016 Quadrats December Quadrats 2017 Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name 2016
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Asteraceae * Senecio madagascariensis 2 2 2 2 2 2
Asteraceae Senecio hispidulus Hill Fireweed 2 2 2 2
Asteraceae * Sonchus asper Prickly Sowthistle 2
Asteraceae * Sonchus oleraceus Common Sowthistle 3 1 3 2
Asteraceae * Tagetes minuta 2 4 5 2 2 1
Brassicaceae * Brassica fruticulosa Twiggy Turnip 2
Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia gracilis Sprawling Bluebell 2 4 2 3 2 2
Caryophyllaceae * Silene gallica Common Catchfly 3
Caryophyllaceae * Stellaria media Chickweed 1
Clusiaceae Hypericum gramineum Small St. John's Wort 3 3 2
Fabaceae * Medicago polymorpha 2 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae * Trifolium arvense Haresfoot Clover 2 3 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae * Trifolium repens White Clover 2 2 3 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae * Vicia sativa 2 (Faboideae)
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.17 6 MAY 2019
Table A.2 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats –2016 and 2017
Quadrats February 2016 Quadrats December Quadrats 2017 Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name 2016
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Fumariaceae * Fumaria muralis Wall Fumitory 2 2
Gentianaceae * Centaurium tenuiflorum 2
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus micranthus 3 2
Lauraceae * Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Laurel (Seedling) 1
Malvaceae * Modiola caroliniana Red-flowered Mallow 2 2
Malvaceae * Sida rhombifolia 2 2 2 2
Onagraceae * Oenothera indecora subsp. 3 2 bonariensis
Oxalidaceae * Oxalis corniculata 2
Oxalidaceae Oxalis perennans 2
Phytolaccaceae * Phytolacca octandra Inkweed 1 1 2 1 3 1
Pittosporaceae Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosporum (Seedling) 2 2
Plantaginaceae * Plantago lanceolata Lamb's Tongue 2 3 2 2
Plantaginaceae Veronica plebeia Trailing Speedwell 1
Polygonaceae * Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel 1 2
Polygonaceae Persicaria decipiens Slender Knotweed 2
Polygonaceae Persicaria lapathifolia Pale Knotweed 1
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.18 6 MAY 2019
Table A.2 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats –2016 and 2017
Quadrats February 2016 Quadrats December Quadrats 2017 Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name 2016
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Polygonaceae Persicaria strigosa Spotted Knotweed 2
Primulaceae * Lysimachia arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel 2
Proteaceae Persoonia linearis Narrow-leaved Geebung 1 (Seedling)
Rubiaceae * Richardia brasiliensis White Eye 1 1
Rubiaceae * Richardia stellaris 1
Solanaceae * Solanum americanum Glossy Nightshade 2 1
Solanaceae * Solanum mauritianum Wild Tobacco Bush (Seedling) 2 1 2
Solanaceae * Solanum nigrum 2 2 5 2 3
Verbenaceae * Lantana camara Lantana
Verbenaceae * Verbena bonariensis Purpletop 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 2
Herbs - Monocots
Commelinaceae Commelina cyanea Scurvy Weed 5 3 2
Cyperaceae Caustis flexuosa Curly Sedge 1 1 2
Cyperaceae * Cyperus brevifolius Mullumbimby Couch 2
Cyperaceae * Cyperus congestus 5 2
Cyperaceae * Cyperus eragrostis 4 3 3
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.19 6 MAY 2019
Table A.2 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats –2016 and 2017
Quadrats February 2016 Quadrats December Quadrats 2017 Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name 2016
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Cyperaceae Cyperus polystachyos 3
Cyperaceae Cyperus sanguinolentus 2
Cyperaceae Gahnia clarkei 2 1 2 2 1 3 1
Cyperaceae Fimbristylis dichotoma Common Fringe-sedge 3
Cyperaceae Schoenus brevifolius Zig-zag Bog-rush 1
Juncaceae Juncus bufonius Toad Rush 4
Juncaceae * Juncus cognatus 3 1
Juncaceae Juncus continuus 4 2 4 1 1
Juncaceae * Juncus microcephalus 4 1 1
Iridaceae * Dietes sp. 2
Iridaceae * Gladiolus undulatus Wild Gladiolus 1 2
Iridaceae Patersonia sericea Silky Purple-flag 1 1
Iridaceae * Sisyrinchium rosulatum Blue Pigroot 1
Lomandraceae Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush 2 3 5 5 3 2 3 5 5 2 5 5 6
Lomandraceae Lomandra obliqua 1 1 2
Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Blue Flax-lily 1 1
Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea var. producta Blue Flax-lily 1 1
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.20 6 MAY 2019
Table A.2 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats –2016 and 2017
Quadrats February 2016 Quadrats December Quadrats 2017 Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name 2016
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Poaceae * Andropogon virginicus Whisky Grass 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 2
Poaceae * Axonopus fissifolius Narrow-leaved Carpet Grass 5 3 4 4 2 4 3 3 2 2
Poaceae * Briza subaristata 2
Poaceae * Briza minor Quaking Grass 2
Poaceae * Cenchrus clandestinus Kikuyu 3 1 2 2 2 1 2
Poaceae * Cortaderia selloana Pampas 1
Poaceae * Cynodon dactylon Couch 4 5 2 5 3 4 2 5 4 4 2 5
Poaceae Dichelachne crinita Longhair Plumegrass 2
Poaceae * Digitaria sanguinalis Summer Grass 2 2
Poaceae * Ehrharta erecta Panic Veldtgrass 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2
Poaceae * Eleusine indica Crowsfeet 3
Poaceae Entolasia stricta Wiry Panic 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 2
Poaceae Eragrostis brownii Brown's Lovegrass 2 6 3 2 5 2 5 1
Poaceae * Eragrostis curvula African Love Grass 3 2 3 2 2 4
Poaceae Eragrostis leptostachya Paddock Lovegrass 1 2
Poaceae Imperata cylindrica Blady Grass 4 3 6 5 3 3 4 5 4 3 5
Poaceae Lachnagrostis filiformis 2 4 5 3
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.21 6 MAY 2019
Table A.2 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats –2016 and 2017
Quadrats February 2016 Quadrats December Quadrats 2017 Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name 2016
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Poaceae Microlaena stipoides 2 5 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 3
Poaceae Oplismenus aemulus Basket Grass 3
Poaceae * Panicum maximum 2
Poaceae * Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum 2 5 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 1 3
Poaceae * Setaria parviflora 2 2 1 2 4 2 4 2 2
Poaceae * Stenotaphrum secundatum Buffalo Grass 2 5
Poaceae Themeda triandra Kangaroo Grass 4 5 1 5 2 5 1 4 2
Poaceae * Vulpia bromoides Squirrel Tail Fescue 4
Restionaceae Lepyrodia muelleri 1 1
Vines
Apocynaceae * Araujia sericifera 1 2 2
Apocynaceae Parsonsia straminea Common Silkpod 1 1 1
Fabaceae Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral Pea 2 1 1 2 2 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Kennedia rubicunda Dusky Coral Pea 3 3 5 3 4 2 (Faboideae)
Menispermaceae Stephania japonica var. discolor Snake Vine 3 3 1 5 5 2 3 1 3 5 4 1 3 4
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.22 6 MAY 2019
Table A.2 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats –2016 and 2017
Quadrats February 2016 Quadrats December Quadrats 2017 Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name 2016
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Passifloraceae * Passiflora edulis Common Passionfruit 2
Pittosporaceae Billardiera scandens Hairy Apple Berry 2 2 2 2 2 1
Ranunculaceae Clematis glycinoides 1
Rosaceae * Rubus fruticosus ssp. agg. Blackberry 1
Vitaceae Cissus hypoglauca Five-leaved water vine 1 1 * = Exotic, 1 = rare, less than 5% cover; 2 = occasional, less than 5% cover; 3 = common but less than 5% cover; 4 = very common but less than 5% cover; 5 = 5-25% cover; 6 = 26-50% cover; 7 = 51-75% cover; and 8 = 76%-100% cover.
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.23 6 MAY 2019
Table A.3 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats - 2019
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2019
1 2 3 4 5
Trees
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia binervia Coastal Myall 1
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia mearnsii Black Wattle 1 1
Myrtaceae Angophora costata Smooth-barked Apple 5
Myrtaceae Corymbia eximia Yellow Bloodwood
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus piperita Sydney Peppermint 1
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sieberi Silvertop Ash 5
Small Trees
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina littoralis Forest Oak 1
Casuarinaceae Casuarina glauca Swamp Oak 5
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia Sydney Golden Wattle 1
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia binervia Coastal Myall 5 1
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia mearnsii Black Wattle 5 1
Myrtaceae Angophora costata Smooth-barked Apple 5
Myrtaceae Angophora hispida Dwarf Apple 1
Myrtaceae Corymbia eximia Yellow Bloodwood 1
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.24 6 MAY 2019
Table A.3 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats - 2019
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2019
1 2 3 4 5
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus haemastoma Scribbly Gum 1
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sieberi Silvertop Ash 5
Myrtaceae Kunzea ambigua Tick Bush 2
Myrtaceae Leptospermum petersonii Lemon-scented Tea Tree 2 3 2
Proteaceae Banksia ericifolia Heath Banksia 2
Proteaceae Banksia serrata Old Man Banksia 2
Shrubs
Araliaceae Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry Ash
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina littoralis Forest Oak
Casuarinaceae Casuarina glauca Swamp Oak 3
Cunoniaceae Bauera rubioides Dog Rose 1
Cunoniaceae Callicoma serratifolia Black Wattle 3
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia acicularis
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia empetrifolia subsp. empetrifolia
Ericaceae Woollsia pungens
Euphorbiaceae Glochidion ferdinandi Cheese Tree 1
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Aotus ericoides
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.25 6 MAY 2019
Table A.3 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats - 2019
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2019
1 2 3 4 5
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Bossiaea heterophylla Variable Bossiaea 3
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Bossiaea prostrata 1
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Bossiaea scolopendria
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Hovea linearis
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea rosmarinifolia
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea tuberculata Wreath Bush-pea
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia binervia Coastal Myall
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia irrorata subsp. irrorata Blueskin 1
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia linifolia White Wattle
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia Sydney Golden Wattle 5 5 2 2 5
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae Coastal Wattle 2 4
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia mearnsii Black Wattle 2
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia myrtifolia Myrtle Wattle
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia oxycedrus Spike Wattle
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia stricta
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia suaveolens Sweet-scented Wattle 1
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia terminalis subsp. Glabrous form 2
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia terminalis Sunshine Wattle
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.26 6 MAY 2019
Table A.3 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats - 2019
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2019
1 2 3 4 5
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia ulicifolia Prickly Moses 1
Myrtaceae Angophora costata Smooth-barked Apple 1
Myrtaceae Angophora hispida Dwarf Apple
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sieberi Silvertop Ash 3
Myrtaceae Kunzea ambigua Tick Bush 6 6 6 6
Myrtaceae Leptospermum petersonii Yellow Tea Tree 5 5 5 5
Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. 4 Myrtaceae cismontanum Tantoon
Pittosporaceae Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosporum 3 2
Proteaceae Banksia ericifolia Heath Banksia 2
Proteaceae Banksia robur Swamp Banksia 1
Proteaceae Banksia serrata Old Man Banksia 1 2
Proteaceae Banksia spinulosa Hairpin Banksia 1
Proteaceae Grevillea buxifolia Grey Spider-flower
Proteaceae Grevillea diffusa subsp. filipendula 1
Proteaceae Grevillea sericea Pink Spider-flower 1
Proteaceae Hakea propinqua
Proteaceae Hakea sericea Needlebush 2
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.27 6 MAY 2019
Table A.3 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats - 2019
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2019
1 2 3 4 5
Proteaceae Hakea teretifolia Dagger Hakea
Proteaceae Isopogon anethifolius Narrow-leaf Drumsticks
Proteaceae Lomatia silaifolia Crinkle Bush
Proteaceae Persoonia lanceolata Lance-leaf Geebung 3
Proteaceae Persoonia levis Broad-leaved Geebung
Proteaceae Persoonia linearis Narrow-leaved Geebung 2 1
Sapindaceae Dodonaea triquetra Hopbush 1
Solanaceae * Solanum mauritianum Wild Tobacco Bush 1
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea linifolia Slender Rice Flower
Verbenaceae * Lantana camara Lantana 4 5 4
Herbs - Ferns
Dennstaedtiaceae Hypolepis muelleri Harsh Ground Fern 3 1
Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium esculentum Bracken Fern 2 1
Dicksoniaceae Calochlaena dubia Rainbow Fern
Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea microphylla Lacy Wedge Fern 2
Pteridaceae Adiantum aethiopicum Common Maidenhair
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.28 6 MAY 2019
Table A.3 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats - 2019
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2019
1 2 3 4 5
Herbs - Dicots
Apiaceae Centella asiatica Indian Pennywort 4
Apiaceae Xanthosia pilosa Woolly Xanthosia 1
Apiaceae Xanthosia tridentata Rock Xanthosia 1
Asteraceae * Ageratina adenophora Crofton Weed 1
Asteraceae * Ageratina riparia Mist Flower
Asteraceae * Arctotheca calendula Capeweed
Asteraceae * Bidens pilosa Cobbler's Pegs 7 4 2 5
Asteraceae * Carthamus lanatus Saffron Thistle
Asteraceae * Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle
Asteraceae Centipeda minima Spreading Sneezeweed
Asteraceae * Conyza bonariensis Flaxleaf Fleabane 2
Asteraceae * Conyza sumatrensis Tall Fleabane 4 1 1 3
Asteraceae * Coreopsis lanceolata 5 4 4
Asteraceae Cotula australis Annual Buttonweed
Asteraceae * Crassocephalum crepidioides Thickhead
Asteraceae * Facelis retusa Annual Trampweed 1
Asteraceae * Gamochaeta americana Cudweed
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Table A.3 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats - 2019
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2019
1 2 3 4 5
Asteraceae * Gamochaeta calviceps Cudweed
Asteraceae * Gamochaeta pensylvanica Pennsylvania Cudweed
Asteraceae * Gamochaeta purpurea Purple Cudweed 4 2
Asteraceae * Gnaphalium sp.
Asteraceae * Hypochaeris albiflora White Flatweed 2
Asteraceae * Hypochaeris radicata Catsear 2 3 1
Asteraceae * Lactuca saligna Willow-leaved Lettuce 1
Asteraceae * Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce
Asteraceae Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Jersey Cudweed
Asteraceae * Senecio madagascariensis Fireweed 1 3
Asteraceae Senecio hispidulus Hill Fireweed 2
Asteraceae * Sonchus asper Prickly Sowthistle
Asteraceae * Sonchus oleraceus Common Sowthistle 2
Asteraceae * Tagetes minuta Stinking Roger 3 3
Asteraceae * Taraxacum officinale Dandelion
Brassicaceae * Brassica fruticulosa Twiggy Turnip
Brassicaceae * Cardamine hirsuta Flickweed 2
Brassicaceae * Lepidium didymum Lesser Swinecress 3
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.30 6 MAY 2019
Table A.3 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats - 2019
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2019
1 2 3 4 5
Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia gracilis Sprawling Bluebell
Caryophyllaceae * Cerastium glomeratum Mouse-ear Chickweed 2
Caryophyllaceae * Silene gallica Common Catchfly
Caryophyllaceae * Stellaria media Chickweed 2
Clusiaceae Hypericum gramineum Small St. John's Wort
Fabaceae (Faboideae) * Medicago polymorpha Burr Medic
Fabaceae (Faboideae) * Trifolium arvense Haresfoot Clover
Fabaceae (Faboideae) * Trifolium repens White Clover
Fabaceae (Faboideae) * Vicia sativa Common Vetch 2
Fumariaceae * Fumaria muralis Wall Fumitory
Gentianaceae * Centaurium tenuiflorum
Goodeniaceae Goodenia paniculata Branched Goodenia 2
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus micranthus Creeping Raspwort
Lamiaceae * Stachys arvensis Stagger Weed
Lauraceae * Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Laurel (Seedling)
Malvaceae * Modiola caroliniana Red-flowered Mallow 2
Malvaceae * Sida rhombifolia Paddys Lucerne 2
Onagraceae * Oenothera indecora subsp. bonariensis
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Table A.3 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats - 2019
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2019
1 2 3 4 5
Oxalidaceae * Oxalis corniculata 2
Oxalidaceae Oxalis perennans
Phytolaccaceae * Phytolacca octandra Inkweed
Pittosporaceae Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosporum (Seedling)
Plantaginaceae * Plantago lanceolata Lamb's Tongue
Plantaginaceae Veronica plebeia Trailing Speedwell
Polygonaceae * Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel
Polygonaceae Persicaria decipiens Slender Knotweed
Polygonaceae Persicaria lapathifolia Pale Knotweed
Polygonaceae Persicaria strigosa Spotted Knotweed
Primulaceae * Lysimachia arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel 2
Narrow-leaved Geebung Proteaceae Persoonia linearis (Seedling)
Rubiaceae * Richardia brasiliensis White Eye
Rubiaceae * Richardia stellaris
Solanaceae * Solanum americanum Glossy Nightshade
Solanaceae * Solanum mauritianum Wild Tobacco Bush (Seedling) 1
Solanaceae * Solanum nigrum Black-berry Nightshade 2
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Table A.3 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats - 2019
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2019
1 2 3 4 5
Verbenaceae * Lantana camara Lantana
Verbenaceae * Verbena bonariensis Purpletop 1 1 1
Herbs - Monocots
Commelinaceae Commelina cyanea Scurvy Weed
Cyperaceae Caustis flexuosa Curly Sedge
Cyperaceae * Cyperus brevifolius Mullumbimby Couch
Cyperaceae * Cyperus congestus
Cyperaceae * Cyperus eragrostis Umbrella Sedge 4
Cyperaceae Cyperus polystachyos
Cyperaceae Cyperus sanguinolentus
Cyperaceae Gahnia clarkei 3 1 1
Cyperaceae Fimbristylis dichotoma Common Fringe-sedge
Cyperaceae Fimbristylis velata 3
Cyperaceae Schoenus brevifolius Zig-zag Bog-rush
Juncaceae Juncus sp.
Juncaceae Juncus bufonius Toad Rush
Juncaceae * Juncus cognatus
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Table A.3 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats - 2019
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2019
1 2 3 4 5
Juncaceae Juncus continuus 1
Juncaceae * Juncus microcephalus
Iridaceae * Dietes sp. 2
Iridaceae * Gladiolus undulatus Wild Gladiolus 2
Iridaceae Patersonia sericea Silky Purple-flag
Iridaceae * Sisyrinchium rosulatum Blue Pigroot
Lomandraceae Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush 1 2 4 5 6
Lomandraceae Lomandra obliqua
Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Blue Flax-lily
Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea var. producta Blue Flax-lily 1
Poaceae * Andropogon virginicus Whisky Grass 3 2 2 3
Poaceae * Agrostis sp.
Poaceae * Axonopus fissifolius Narrow-leaved Carpet Grass 3 2 2
Poaceae * Briza subaristata
Poaceae * Briza maxima Blowfly Grass
Poaceae * Briza minor Quaking Grass
Poaceae * Cenchrus clandestinus Kikuyu 2 2
Poaceae * Chloris gayana Rhodes Grass
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Table A.3 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats - 2019
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2019
1 2 3 4 5
Poaceae * Cortaderia selloana Pampas
Poaceae * Cynodon dactylon Couch 4 2 4
Poaceae Dichelachne crinita Longhair Plumegrass
Poaceae * Digitaria sanguinalis Summer Grass 1
Poaceae * Echinochloa crus-galii Barnyard Grass
Poaceae * Ehrharta erecta Panic Veldtgrass
Poaceae * Eleusine indica Crowsfeet
Poaceae Entolasia stricta Wiry Panic 2 3 1
Poaceae Eragrostis brownii Brown's Lovegrass 5 2 2
Poaceae * Eragrostis curvula African Love Grass 2 2 4 4
Poaceae Eragrostis leptostachya Paddock Lovegrass
Poaceae * Eragrostis tenuifolia Elastic Grass 1
Poaceae Imperata cylindrica Blady Grass 6 5
Poaceae Lachnagrostis filiformis Blown Grass
Poaceae * Lolium perenne Rye Grass
Poaceae Microlaena stipoides Weeping Grass 2 4 4
Poaceae Oplismenus aemulus Basket Grass 1
Poaceae * Panicum maximum Guinea Grass
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.35 6 MAY 2019
Table A.3 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats - 2019
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2019
1 2 3 4 5
Poaceae * Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum 5
Poaceae * Poa annua Winter Grass 3
Poaceae * Setaria parviflora Pigeon Grass 2 2 2
Poaceae * Sporobolus africanus Parramatta Grass 1
Poaceae * Stenotaphrum secundatum Buffalo Grass
Poaceae Themeda triandra Kangaroo Grass 2 3
Poaceae * Vulpia bromoides Squirrel Tail Fescue
Restionaceae Lepyrodia muelleri
Vines
Apocynaceae * Araujia sericifera Moth Vine 3
Apocynaceae Parsonsia straminea Common Silkpod
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral Pea 1
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Kennedia rubicunda Dusky Coral Pea 4 3
Menispermaceae Stephania japonica var. discolor Snake Vine 1 2 3 4
Passifloraceae * Passiflora edulis Common Passionfruit
Pittosporaceae Billardiera scandens Hairy Apple Berry
Ranunculaceae Clematis glycinoides Headache Vine
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.36 6 MAY 2019
Table A.3 Species Recorded and Coverage Abundance Scores in Monitoring Quadrats - 2019
Family Exotic Scientific Name Common Name Quadrats 2019
1 2 3 4 5
Rosaceae * Rubus fruticosus Blackberry
Vitaceae Cissus hypoglauca Five-leaved water vine 1 1 * = Exotic, 1 = rare, less than 5% cover; 2 = occasional, less than 5% cover; 3 = common but less than 5% cover; 4 = very common but less than 5% cover; 5 = 5-25% cover; 6 = 26-50% cover; 7 = 51-75% cover; and 8 = 76%-100% cover.
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD A.37 6 MAY 2019
Appendix B
Bird Species Recorded by Cumberland Ecology - 2013, 2016, 2017, and 2019
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6 MAY 2019
Table B.1 Bird Species Recorded by CE - 2013, 2016, 2017, and 2019
Quadrat Heard/ Scientific Name Common Name 2013 2016 2017 2019 Recorded Seen
Acanthiza pusilla Brown Thornbill 2, 3, 4, 5 H X
Acanthorhynchus H X X Eastern Spinebill 2, GDE Quadrats tenuirostris
Anthochaera H X X X Red Wattlebird GDE Quadrats carunculata
Sulphur-crested H+S X GDE Quadrats Cacatua galerita Cockatoo
Yellow-faced X GDE Quadrats Caligavis chrysops Honeyeater
Calyptorhynchus Yellow-tailed Black X GDE Quadrats funereus Cockatoo
Australian Wood H X Chenonetta jubata 4 Duck
Colluricincla Grey - Shrike H X 2, 4 harmonica Thrush
Coracina Black-faced H X 3 novaehollandiae Cuckoo Shrike
Cracticus tibicen Australian Magpie 4 H+S X X
Eastern Yellow H+S X GDE Quadrats Eopsaltria australis Robin
Bar-shouldered H+S X Geopelia humeralis GDE Quadrats Dove
Hirundo neoxena Welcome Swallow 4, 5 H+S X
Lichenostomus White-eared S X 5 leucotis Honeyeater
Macropygia Brown Cuckoo- S X GDE Quadrats amboinensis dove
Malurus cyaneus Superb Fairy-wren 2, 3, 4 H X X
Variegated Fairy- H+S X Malurus lamberti GDE Quadrats wren
Manorina X Noisy Miner GDE Quadrats melanocephala
Meliphaga lewinii Lewin's Honeyeater GDE Quadrats H X X
Pachycephala H X Golden Whistler 4 pectoralis
Pachycephala Rufous Whistler GDE Quadrats H+S X
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Table B.1 Bird Species Recorded by CE - 2013, 2016, 2017, and 2019
Quadrat Heard/ Scientific Name Common Name 2013 2016 2017 2019 Recorded Seen rufiventris
Pardalotus striatus Striated Pardalote GDE Quadrats H X
Common S X Phaps chalcoptera 4 Bronzewing
Philemon corniculatus Noisy Friarbird GDE Quadrats X
White-cheeked H+S X Phylidonyris niger GDE Quadrats Honeyeater
Phylidonyris New Holland S X X 5, GDE Quadrats novaehollandiae Honeyeater
Platycercus elegans Crimson Rosella GDE Quadrats H X
Psophodes olivaceus Eastern Whipbird GDE Quadrats H X X X
Rhipidura albiscapa Grey Fantail 2, 4, 5 H+S X X
Scythrops Channel-billed H X 3 novaehollandiae Cuckoo
White-browed H X Sericornis frontalis 4, 5 Scrubwren
Strepera graculina Pied Currawong GDE Quadrats H X
Trichoglossus X Rainbow Lorikeet GDE Quadrats moluccanus
Zosterops lateralis Silvereye 2, 4, 5 H X
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD B.2 6 MAY 2019
Appendix C
Flora Species Recorded in GDE Monitoring Plots - 2016, 2017 and 2019
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6 MAY 2019
Table C.1 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – January and December 2016
Common Family Exotic Species Name Name Quadrats - January 2016 Quadrats - December 2016
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Canopy
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina Black Sheoak 5 1 littoralis
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina Forest 5 1 5 1 5 1 torulosa Sheoak
Cunoniaceae Ceratopetalum Coachwood 40 20 20 10 40 20 20 10 apetalum
Myrtaceae Corymbia gummifera Red 0.1 1 <1 1 Bloodwood
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus Scribbly Gum 10 3 1 3 haemastoma
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus piperita Sydney 30 14 30 14 Peppermint
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus punctata Grey Gum 5 1 5 1
Myrtaceae Syncarpia Turpentine 10 2 10 1 10 2 10 1 glomulifera
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Table C.1 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – January and December 2016
Common Family Exotic Species Name Name Quadrats - January 2016 Quadrats - December 2016
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Myrtaceae Tristaniopsis laurina Water Gum 5 1 20 2 5 1 10 2
Sub-canopy
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina Black Sheoak 0.1 1 5 10 <1 1 5 10 littoralis
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina Forest 1 1 torulosa Sheoak
Cunoniaceae Ceratopetalum Coachwood 40 100 10 5 40 50 apetalum
Fabaceae Acacia elata Mountain 1 1 1 1 (Mimosoideae) Cedar Wattle
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus piperita Sydney 5 3 Peppermint
Myrtaceae Leptospermum Prickly Tea- 3 5 10 30 juniperinum tree
Myrtaceae Syzygium oleosum Blue Lilly Pilly
Proteaceae Banksia ericifolia Heath-leaved 5 10
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Table C.1 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – January and December 2016
Common Family Exotic Species Name Name Quadrats - January 2016 Quadrats - December 2016
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Banksia
Proteaceae Banksia serrata Old-man 5 5 5 5 Banksia
Ferns and Allies
Aspleniaceae Asplenium Bird's Nest <1 2 <1 1 australasicum Fern
Blechnaceae Blechnum sp. 5 200
Dennstaedtiaceae Hypolepis muelleri Harsh Ground <1 20 Fern
Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium Common 15 500 20 >500 15 500 20 500 esculentum Bracken
Gleicheniaceae Gleichenia dicarpa Pouched 60 1000 30 >1000 2 50 60 2000 30 1000 <1 10 Coral Fern
Gleicheniaceae Gleichenia rupestris <1 20 1 20 2 50
Gleicheniaceae Sticherus flabellatus Shiny Fan 10 150 5 100 10 150 5 100 var. flabellatus Fern
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Table C.1 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – January and December 2016
Common Family Exotic Species Name Name Quadrats - January 2016 Quadrats - December 2016
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Osmundaceae Todea barbara King Fern 5 12 1 7 10 20 5 20 1 5 5 10
Polypodiaceae Grammitis Finger Fern <1 1 billardierei
Polypodiaceae Pyrrosia rupestris Rock Felt <1 10 Fern
Psilotaceae Tmesipteris truncata <1 2
Pteridaceae Pellaea paradoxa <1 10
Selaginellaceae Selaginella uliginosa Swamp 1 200 1 100 <1 50 Selaginella
Climbers/Vines
Convolvulaceae Cuscuta australis Australian 0.01 <10 Dodder
Lauraceae Cassytha glabella <1 20
Pittosporaceae Billardiera scandens Hairy Apple 0.01 1 <1 5 Berry
Ranunculaceae Clematis sp. 0.01 1
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Table C.1 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – January and December 2016
Common Family Exotic Species Name Name Quadrats - January 2016 Quadrats - December 2016
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Rubiaceae Morinda jasminoides Sweet <1 2 Morinda
Smilacaceae Smilax glyciphylla Sweet 0.01 2 0.1 5 0.1 10 <1 2 <1 20 <1 10 <1 5 Sarsaparilla
Shrubs
Apiaceae Platysace linearifolia 0.01 1 0.1 <10 <1 1 <1 10
Araliaceae Polyscias Elderberry <1 1 sambucifolia subsp. Panax Long leaflets
Cunoniaceae Bauera rubioides River Rose 1 10 1 5
Cunoniaceae Callicoma serratifolia Black Wattle <1 1
Cunoniaceae Ceratopetalum Coachwood 10 20 15 20 apetalum
Cunoniaceae Ceratopetalum New South 0.01 1 <1 1 gummiferum Wales Christmas-
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Table C.1 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – January and December 2016
Common Family Exotic Species Name Name Quadrats - January 2016 Quadrats - December 2016
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
bush
Elaeocarpaceae Tetratheca thymifolia 0.1 20 <1 20
Ericaceae Sprengelia incarnata Pink Swamp <1 1 (Epacridoideae) Heath
Euphorbiaceae Ricinocarpos Wedding <1 1 pinifolius Bush
Fabaceae Aotus ericoides 5 100 1 3 5 100 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Bossiaea Variable <1 1 (Faboideae) heterophylla Bossiaea
Fabaceae Gompholobium sp. 0.01 <10 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Acacia brownii Heath Wattle 0.01 1 0.01 1 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia elata Mountain 1 3 (Mimosoideae) Cedar Wattle
Fabaceae Acacia linifolia White Wattle 0.1 3 2 <10 <1 1 1 20 (Mimosoideae)
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.6 6 MAY 2019
Table C.1 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – January and December 2016
Common Family Exotic Species Name Name Quadrats - January 2016 Quadrats - December 2016
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Fabaceae Acacia oxycedrus Spike Wattle <1 2 <1 2 1 10 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia suaveolens Sweet Wattle 0.01 1 <1 1 <1 3 (Mimosoideae)
Myrtaceae Acmena smithii Lilly Pilly <1 1 <1 2
Myrtaceae Austromyrtus 1 10 1 4 tenuifolia
Myrtaceae Callistemon citrinus Crimson <1 2 Bottlebrush
Myrtaceae Corymbia gummifera Red 1 1 Bloodwood
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus piperita Sydney <1 1 Peppermint
Myrtaceae Leptospermum Prickly Tea- 10 3 5 10 2 10 juniperinum tree
Myrtaceae Leptospermum Tantoon 2 7 10 30 1 3 polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
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Table C.1 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – January and December 2016
Common Family Exotic Species Name Name Quadrats - January 2016 Quadrats - December 2016
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Myrtaceae Leptospermum 1 6 4 10 polygalifolium subsp. polygalifolium
Myrtaceae Leptospermum Flaky-barked 2 10 trinervium Tea-tree
Myrtaceae Tristaniopsis laurina Water Gum 1 3
Oleaceae Notelaea longifolia Large Mock- 1 2 2 5 olive
Picrodendraceae Micrantheum <1 10 ericoides
Proteaceae Banksia ericifolia Heath-leaved 2 2 2 2 Banksia
Proteaceae Banksia oblongifolia Fern-leaved 5 4 2 5 Banksia
Proteaceae Banksia paludosa Swamp 5 20 1 <10 Banksia
Proteaceae Banksia robur Swamp 2 10 5 20 2 10 Banksia
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Table C.1 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – January and December 2016
Common Family Exotic Species Name Name Quadrats - January 2016 Quadrats - December 2016
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Proteaceae Banksia serrata Old-man 2 9 1 1 Banksia
Proteaceae Banksia spinulosa Hairpin 1 2 2 5 1 2 2 5 Banksia
Proteaceae Hakea teretifolia Needlebush 0.01 1 1 8 1 2 1 3 3 10
Proteaceae Isopogon Broad-leaf <1 1 anemonifolius Drumsticks
Proteaceae Lomatia myricoides River Lomatia 3 10 5 20 10 20 15 20
Proteaceae Petrophile pulchella Conesticks 0.1 2 <1 1
Proteaceae Persoonia levis Broad-leaved 0.1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 Geebung
Proteaceae Persoonia linearis Narrow- 0.1 2 1 1 leaved Geebung
Rutaceae Asterolasia <1 1 correifolia
Rutaceae Zieria smithii Sandfly Zieria <1 4
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Table C.1 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – January and December 2016
Common Family Exotic Species Name Name Quadrats - January 2016 Quadrats - December 2016
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Herbs - Dicots
Apiaceae Xanthosia pilosa Rock 0.01 5 0.01 5 <1 3 1 50 Xanthosia
Droseraceae Drosera binata Forked <1 10 <1 10 Sundew
Droseraceae Drosera burmanni
Euphorbiaceae Monotaxis linifolia
Goodeniaceae Dampiera stricta <1 1 <1 2
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus 0.1 10 0.01 5 <1 2 <1 2 tetragynus
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus Raspwort <1 50 teucrioides
Monocots (Grasses)
Poaceae Anisopogon Oat 0.01 10 0.1 <10 <1 5 <1 3
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Table C.1 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – January and December 2016
Common Family Exotic Species Name Name Quadrats - January 2016 Quadrats - December 2016
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
avenaceus Speargrass
Poaceae Entolasia marginata Bordered 0.01 10 1 50 Panic
Poaceae Entolasia stricta Wiry Panic 0.1 50 <1 10 1 50
Poaceae Themeda triandra Kangaroo 0.01 10 Grass
Monocots (Other)
Cyperaceae Baumea rubiginosa 2 50 3 50
Cyperaceae Caustis flexuosa Curly Wig 0.1 5 0.1 5 <1 2
Cyperaceae Gahnia clarkei Tall Saw- 20 20 30 40 0.5 3 1 10 20 50 30 50 1 3 1 5 1 3 sedge
Cyperaceae Gymnoschoenus Button Grass 25 500 3 50 sphaerocephalus
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma 30 2000 filiforme
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma <1 2
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Table C.1 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – January and December 2016
Common Family Exotic Species Name Name Quadrats - January 2016 Quadrats - December 2016
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
laterale
Cyperaceae Schoenus brevifolius Zig-zag Bog- 0.01 5 30 >1000 1 100 <1 20 <1 5 rush
Cyperaceae Schoenus Black Bog- 1 10 <1 2 melanostachys rush
Lomandraceae Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed 1 10 2 10 15 50 <1 2 1 10 1 5 Mat-rush
Lomandraceae Lomandra obliqua 0.1 10 <1 5
Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum Wheat-leaved <1 2 shepherdii Orchid
Orchidaceae Cestichis reflexa 0.001 1 1 20
Orchidaceae Cymbidium suave Snake Orchid <1 1
Orchidaceae Dendrobium Sydney Rock 0.001 1 0.001 1 <1 1 <1 3 speciosum Orchid
Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea Blue Flax-lily <1 5 var. producta
Restionaceae Empodisma minus Spreading 5 500 5 >1000 5 200 <1 20 <1 20 1 100
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Table C.1 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – January and December 2016
Common Family Exotic Species Name Name Quadrats - January 2016 Quadrats - December 2016
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Rope-rush
Restionaceae Eurychorda <1 10 complanata
Restionaceae Lepyrodia muelleri 0.01 10 <1 2
Restionaceae Leptocarpus tenax 0.01 10 1 100
Xyridaceae Xyris gracilis 5 500 2 10 0.1 1 * = Exotic, C = % Coverage of species, A= Relative abundance of Species
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.13 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Tree
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina Black littoralis Sheoak
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina Forest 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 torulosa Sheoak
Cunoniaceae Ceratopetalum Coachwood 40 20 20 10 40 20 20 10 apetalum
Myrtaceae Corymbia Red 1 1 1 1 gummifera Bloodwood
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus Scribbly 3 1 5 2 haemastoma Gum
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus Sydney 30 14 30 14 piperita Peppermint
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus Grey Gum 8 1 10 1 punctata
Myrtaceae Syncarpia Turpentine 10 2 10 1 10 2 10 1 glomulifera
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.14 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Myrtaceae Tristaniopsis Water Gum 5 1 10 2 10 1 10 2 laurina
Sub-canopy
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina Black 1 1 5 10 1 1 5 9 littoralis Sheoak
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina Forest 1 1 2 1 torulosa Sheoak
Cunoniaceae Ceratopetalum Coachwood 10 5 40 50 10 5 40 50 apetalum
Fabaceae Acacia elata Mountain 1 1 1 1 (Mimosoideae) Cedar Wattle
Myrtaceae Corymbia Red 1 1 3 1 gummifera Bloodwood
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus Sydney 5 3 5 3 piperita Peppermint
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.15 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Myrtaceae Leptospermum Prickly Tea- 3 5 25 50 5 10 10 50 juniperinum tree
Myrtaceae Syzygium Blue Lilly 1 1 1 1 oleosum Pilly
Proteaceae Banksia ericifolia Heath- 1 1 leaved Banksia
Proteaceae Banksia serrata Old-man 2 1 5 5 4 1 5 5 Banksia
Proteaceae Persoonia levis Broad- 2 1 leaved Geebung
Ferns and Allies
Aspleniaceae Asplenium Bird's Nest 0.2 1 0.2 1 0.2 1 0.2 1 australasicum Fern
Blechnaceae Blechnum Rasp Fern 1 20 0.1 20
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.16 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A neohollandicum
Blechnaceae Blechnum nudum Fishbone 0.3 10 0.2 10 Water Fern
Blechnaceae Blechnum sp.
Davalliaceae Davallia solida Hare's-foot 0.5 5 0.5 5 var. pyxidata Fern
Dennstaedtiace Hypolepis muelleri Harsh 2 20 0.2 5 ae Ground Fern
Dennstaedtiace Pteridium Common 10 50 20 500 10 200 40 1000 0.1 1 ae esculentum Bracken
Dicksoniaceae Calochlaena dubia Rainbow 1 5 1 10 1 5 Fern
Gleicheniaceae Gleichenia Pouched 30 1000 30 1000 0.5 10 60 6000 50 5000 0.3 20 microphylla Coral Fern
Gleicheniaceae Gleichenia 1 20 0.3 10 2 50 1 20 0.1 1 0.1 1 rupestris
Gleicheniaceae Sticherus Shiny Fan 10 150 5 100 10 200 5 100
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.17 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A flabellatus var. Fern flabellatus
Hymenophyllac Hymenophyllum Common 0.5 100 0.5 2000 1 5000 eae cupressiforme Filmy Fern
Osmundaceae Todea barbara King Fern 10 20 5 5 5 10 10 20 1 3 5 10
Polypodiaceae Grammitis Finger Fern 0.3 10 0.3 20 0.1 10 0.3 20 billardierei
Polypodiaceae Pyrrosia rupestris Rock Felt 0.2 10 Fern
Psilotaceae Tmesipteris 0.1 2 0.1 2 truncata
Pteridaceae Pellaea paradoxa 0.2 5 0.3 5 0.1 5 0.1 10
Schizaeaceae Schizaea Branched 0.1 2 0.1 1 0.1 1 0.1 1 dichotoma Comb Fern
Selaginellacea Selaginella Swamp 2 100 1 100 0.1 20 0.1 20 e uliginosa Selaginella
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.18 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Climbers/Vine s
Convolvulacea Cuscuta australis Australian e Dodder
Lauraceae Cassytha glabella 0.2 10 0.1 20
Pittosporaceae Billardiera Hairy Apple 0.1 10 0.2 20 scandens Berry
Ranunculaceae Clematis sp.
Rubiaceae Gynochthodes Sweet 0.1 1 0.2 2 0.1 1 0.2 3 jasminoides Morinda
Smilacaceae Smilax glyciphylla Sweet 0.2 2 0.5 50 0.2 2 0.3 10 0.1 1 0.5 50 0.2 10 0.2 5 Sarsaparilla
Shrubs
Apiaceae Platysace 0.3 2 0.5 10 0.3 10 5 50 linearifolia
Araliaceae Polyscias Elderberry 0.25 1 0.2 1
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.19 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A sambucifolia Panax subsp. Long leaflets
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina 0.1 1 torulosa
Cunoniaceae Bauera rubioides River Rose 0.2 2 0.1 2
Cunoniaceae Callicoma Black Wattle 0.25 2 0.5 2 0.1 1 serratifolia
Cunoniaceae Ceratopetalum Coachwood 10 20 15 20 10 20 15 20 apetalum
Cunoniaceae Ceratopetalum New South 0.25 1 0.1 1 0.2 1 0.2 1 gummiferum Wales Christmas- bush
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia 0.1 3 0.1 1 bracteata
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia cistiflora 0.1 1 0.1 2
Elaeocarpacea Elaeocarpus Blueberry 0.25 1 0.25 1 0.25 1 0.25 1
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.20 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A e reticulatus Ash
Elaeocarpacea Tetratheca 0.5 20 0.1 10 e thymifolia
Ericaceae Leucopogon Pink Beard- 0.1 1 0.1 1 (Epacridoideae ericoides heath )
Ericaceae Sprengelia Pink Swamp 0.2 2 0.1 1 (Epacridoideae incarnata Heath )
Euphorbiaceae Ricinocarpos Wedding 0.2 1 0.1 2 pinifolius Bush
Fabaceae Aotus ericoides 1 5 5 100 1 20 5 100 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Bossiaea Variable 0.1 1 0.2 3 0.1 1 (Faboideae) heterophylla Bossiaea
Fabaceae Gompholobium sp (Faboideae) .
Fabaceae Hovea linearis 0.1 2 0.1 1
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.21 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Acacia brownii Heath (Mimosoideae) Wattle
Fabaceae Acacia elata Mountain 1 2 0.25 1 0.5 1 0.25 1 (Mimosoideae) Cedar Wattle
Fabaceae Acacia linifolia White 0.25 1 2 20 0.2 2 3 20 (Mimosoideae) Wattle
Fabaceae Acacia longifolia Sydney 0.25 1 1 1 (Mimosoideae) subsp. longifolia Golden Wattle
Fabaceae Acacia oxycedrus Spike Wattle 0.5 3 0.1 1 1 10 0.25 3 0.25 1 2 10 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia Sweet 0.5 3 0.5 5 0.3 2 0.75 5 (Mimosoideae) suaveolens Wattle
Fabaceae Acacia ulicifolia Prickly 0.25 1 (Mimosoideae) Moses
Myrtaceae Acmena smithii Lilly Pilly 0.25 1 0.25 2 0.25 1 0.25 2
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.22 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Myrtaceae Austromyrtus 1 10 1 4 1 10 1 5 tenuifolia
Myrtaceae Callistemon Crimson 0.5 2 0.5 2 citrinus Bottlebrush
Myrtaceae Corymbia Red gummifera Bloodwood
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus Sydney 0.25 1 0.2 1 piperita Peppermint
Myrtaceae Leptospermum Prickly Tea- 5 10 3 10 1 10 5 100 juniperinum tree
Myrtaceae Leptospermum Tantoon 0.25 1 0.25 1 polygalifolium subsp. cismontanum
Myrtaceae Leptospermum 4 10 0.1 1 5 10 0.2 3 polygalifolium subsp. polygalifolium
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.23 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Myrtaceae Leptospermum Flaky- 2 4 0.5 2 trinervium barked Tea- tree
Myrtaceae Syzygium Blue Lilly 0.2 1 oleosum Pilly
Myrtaceae Tristaniopsis Water Gum 0.25 2 0.1 2 0.25 2 laurina
Oleaceae Notelaea longifolia Large Mock- 2 5 2 5 olive
Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus 0.1 2 0.1 5 hirtellus
Picrodendracea Micrantheum 0.2 20 0.1 10 e ericoides
Pittosporaceae Pittosporum 0.2 1 revolutum
Proteaceae Banksia ericifolia Heath- 0.25 1 0.1 1 0.25 1 leaved Banksia
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.24 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Proteaceae Banksia Fern-leaved 0.5 3 0.5 3 oblongifolia Banksia
Proteaceae Banksia paludosa Swamp Banksia
Proteaceae Banksia robur Swamp 2 10 5 20 2 10 2 10 10 40 2 10 Banksia
Proteaceae Banksia serrata Old-man 0.25 1 1 4 2 1 Banksia
Proteaceae Banksia spinulosa Hairpin 0.2 1 0.25 1 0.2 1 0.5 2 Banksia
Proteaceae Grevillea buxifolia Grey 0.2 1 0.2 1 subsp. buxifolia Spider- flower
Proteaceae Hakea sericea Needlebush 0.25 1
Proteaceae Hakea teretifolia Needlebush 1 2 1 3 3 10 0.2 1 0.25 1 1 5
Proteaceae Isopogon Broad-leaf 0.25 1 0.2 2 anemonifolius Drumsticks
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.25 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Proteaceae Lambertia Mountain 0.25 1 0.2 1 formosa Devil
Proteaceae Lomatia River 10 20 15 20 10 20 5 20 myricoides Lomatia
Proteaceae Petrophile Conesticks 0.2 1 0.1 1 pulchella
Proteaceae Persoonia levis Broad- 1 2 2 3 leaved Geebung
Proteaceae Persoonia linearis Narrow- 1 2 0.25 1 leaved Geebung
Rutaceae Asterolasia 0.15 1 0.25 1 correifolia
Rutaceae Boronia pinnata 0.1 1 0.1 1
Rutaceae Zieria smithii Sandfly 0.25 3 0.2 1 Zieria
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.26 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Herbs - Dicots
Apiaceae Xanthosia pilosa Rock 0.2 2 0.2 20 0.1 10 90.1 20 Xanthosia
Asteraceae * Ageratina Crofton 0.1 2 adenophora Weed
Droseraceae Drosera binata Forked 0.25 10 0.3 5 0.1 5 0.1 5 Sundew
Droseraceae Drosera burmanni 0.1 10 0.1 10
Euphorbiaceae Monotaxis linifolia 0.1 2 0.1 2
Goodeniaceae Dampiera stricta 0.1 1 0.1 1
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus tetragynus
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus Raspwort 2 500 0.2 50 teucrioides
Monocots (Grasses)
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.27 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Poaceae Anisopogon Oat 0.2 5 0.1 2 0.1 10 0.1 5 avenaceus Speargrass
Poaceae Entolasia Bordered 0.1 5 marginata Panic
Poaceae Entolasia stricta Wiry Panic 0.2 10 2 100 0.1 10 3 200
Poaceae Imperata Blady Grass 0.1 5 cylindrica
Poaceae Lachnagrostis filiformis
Poaceae Plinthanthesis Wiry 0.1 2 0.1 2 0.5 20 0.1 2 paradoxa Wallaby- grass
Poaceae Themeda triandra Kangaroo Grass
Monocots (Other)
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.28 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Cyperaceae Baumea 4 100 2 50 0.5 50 1 20 rubiginosa
Cyperaceae Caustis flexuosa Curly Wig 0.1 1 0.1 1
Cyperaceae Gahnia clarkei Tall Saw- 1 3 1 5 0.5 3 0.5 3 1 5 0.5 3 sedge
Cyperaceae Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit 20 50 25 50 20 50 25 200 1 10 Saw-sedge
Cyperaceae Gymnoschoenus Button 20 200 2 50 1 5 1 10 sphaerocephalus Grass
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma 0.5 20 35 3000 0.2 20 25 2000 filiforme
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma 0.25 3 0.1 2 0.2 3 laterale
Cyperaceae Schoenus Zig-zag 0.1 2 1 50 brevifolius Bog-rush
Cyperaceae Schoenus Black Bog- 1 10 0.3 2 0.2 10 0.2 2 melanostachys rush
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.29 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A
Lomandraceae Lomandra 0.1 1 filiformis subsp. filiformis
Lomandraceae Lomandra glauca Pale Mat- 0.1 1 rush
Lomandraceae Lomandra gracilis
Lomandraceae Lomandra Spiny- 1 4 2 10 1 5 0.5 5 1 10 1 4 longifolia headed Mat- rush
Lomandraceae Lomandra obliqua 0.1 5 0.1 10
Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum Wheat- 0.1 2 0.1 1 shepherdii leaved Orchid
Orchidaceae Cestichis reflexa 1 20 1 20
Orchidaceae Cryptostylis Large 0.1 1 0.1 1 subulata Tongue Orchid
Orchidaceae Cymbidium suave Snake 0.1 1 0.1 1
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.30 6 MAY 2019
Table C.2 Species Recorded in GDE Quadrats – December 2017 and April 2019
Exo Common Family tic Species Name Name Quadrats - December 2017 Quadrats - April 2019
GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5 GDE1 GDE2 GDE3 GDE4 GDE5
C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A C A Orchid
Orchidaceae Dendrobium Tongue 0.1 1 0.1 1 linguiforme Orchid
Orchidaceae Dendrobium Sydney 0.1 1 0.5 3 0.1 1 0.5 3 speciosum Rock Orchid
Orchidaceae Dipodium 0.2 2 variegatum
Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea Blue Flax- 0.2 2 0.1 1 0.1 2 0.1 1 var. producta lily
Restionaceae Empodisma minus Spreading 10 100 0.5 20 1 100 5 200 2 50 0.3 50 Rope-rush
Restionaceae Eurychorda 0.3 10 0.5 20 complanata
Restionaceae Lepyrodia muelleri 0.1 1
Restionaceae Leptocarpus tenax 1 20 1 50
Xyridaceae Xyris gracilis 0.2 2 0.1 5 * = Exotic, C = % Coverage of species, A= Relative abundance of Species
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD C.31 6 MAY 2019
Appendix D
Recommended Planting Species
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
6 MAY 2019
Table D.1 Recommended species for planting
Family Scientific Name Common Name
Trees
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina littoralis Black She-oak
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina torulosa Forest Oak
Cunoniaceae Callicoma serratifolia Callicoma
Cunoniaceae Ceratopetalum gummiferum Christmas Bush
Ericaceae Trochocarpa laurina Tree Heath
Myrtaceae Angophora costata Smooth-barked Apple
Myrtaceae Corymbia gummifera Red Bloodwood
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus haemastoma Scribbly Gum
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus piperita Sydney Peppermint
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus punctata Grey Gum
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sparsifolia Narrow-leaved Stringybark
Myrtaceae Syncarpia glomulifera Turpentine
Proteaceae Banksia serrata Old Man Banksia Shrubs
Apiaceae Platysace lanceolata
Apiaceae Platysace linearis
Araliaceae Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry Panax
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia bracteata
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia empetrifolia
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia linearis
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia procumbens
Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blueberry Ash
Ericaceae Brachyloma daphnoides
Ericaceae Dracophyllum secundum
Ericaceae Epacris longiflora
Ericaceae Epacris obtusifolia
Ericaceae Epacris pulchella
Ericaceae Leucopogon esquamatus
Ericaceae Leucopogon microphyllus
Ericaceae Woollsia pungens
Euphorbiaceae Amperea xiphoclada
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD D.1 6 MAY 2019
Table D.1 Recommended species for planting
Family Scientific Name Common Name
Euphorbiaceae Glochidion ferdinandi Cheese Tree
Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus hirtellus
Euphorbiaceae Micrantheum ericoides
Euphorbiaceae Ricinocarpus pinifolius Wedding Bush
Fabaceae Bossiaea heterophylla
Fabaceae Bossiaea scolopendria
Fabaceae Dillwynia floribunda
Fabaceae Gompholobium latifolia
Fabaceae Gompholobium virgata
Fabaceae Hovea linearis
Fabaceae Phyllota phylicoides
Fabaceae Pultenaea daphnoides
Fabaceae Pultenaea elliptica
Fabaceae Pultenaea rosmarinifolia
Fabaceae Aotus ericoides
Fabaceae Acacia linifolia Flax Wattle
Fabaceae Acacia myrtifolia Myrtle-leaved Wattle
Fabaceae Acacia oxycedrus
Fabaceae Acacia suaveolens Sweet -scented Wattle
Fabaceae Acacia terminalis Sunshine Wattle
Fabaceae Acacia ulicifolia Prickly Moses
Lamiaceae Prostanthera linearis
Myrtaceae Angophora hispida Dwarf Apple
Myrtaceae Baeckea brevifolia
Myrtaceae Callistemon pinifolius
Myrtaceae Darwinia glaucophylla
Myrtaceae Kunzea capitata
Myrtaceae Leptospermum juniperinum Prickly -leaved Tea Tree
Myrtaceae Leptospermum polygalifolium Yellow Tea Tree
Myrtaceae Leptospermum. trinervium Paperbark Tea Tree
Proteaceae Banksia ericifolia Heath Banksia
Proteaceae Banksia oblonga
Proteaceae Banksia robur Swamp Banksia
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD D.2 6 MAY 2019
Table D.1 Recommended species for planting
Family Scientific Name Common Name
Proteaceae Banksia spinulosa Hairpin Banksia
Proteaceae Conospermum longifolium
Proteaceae Grevillea buxifolia Grey Spider-flower
Proteaceae Grevillea diffusa
Proteaceae Grevillea mucronulata
Proteaceae Grevillea sericea Pink Spider-flower
Proteaceae Hakea dactyloides
Proteaceae Hakea laurina
Proteaceae Hakea teretifolia Dagger Hakea
Proteaceae Isopogon anemonifolius Drumsticks
Proteaceae Lambertia formosa Mountain Devil
Proteaceae Persoonia levis Broad-leaved Geebung
Proteaceae Persoonia linearis Narrow-leaved Geebung
Proteaceae Petrophile pulchella Conesticks
Proteaceae Petrophile sessilis
Proteaceae Xylomelum pyriforme Woody Pear
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris intermedia
Rutaceae Eriostemon australasius
Rutaceae E. buxifolia subsp. obovata
Rutaceae Boronia floribunda
Rutaceae Boronia ledifolia
Santalaceae Leptomeria acida
Sapindaceae Dodonaea multijuga
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea linifolia Common Rice-flower
Elaeocarpaceae Tetratheca ericifolia
Elaeocarpaceae Tetratheca thymifolia
Xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea sp. a grass tree Herbs - Ferns
Adiantaceae Adiantum aethiopicum Common Maidenhair Fern
Blechnaceae Blechnum nudum
Dennstaedtiaceae Hypolepis muelleri Harsh Ground Fern
Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium esculentum Bracken Fern
Gleicheniaceae Gleichenia dicarpa Pouched Coral Fern
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD D.3 6 MAY 2019
Table D.1 Recommended species for planting
Family Scientific Name Common Name
Gleicheniaceae Gleichenia microphylla
Gleicheniaceae Sticherus flabellatus Umbrella Fern
Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea linearis Screw Fern
Osmundaceae Todea barbara King Fern
Selaginellaceae Selaginella uliginosa
Herbs - Dicots
Apiaceae Actinotus minor Lesser Flannel Flower
Apiaceae Xanthosia pilosa
Apiaceae Xanthosia tridentata
Goodeniaceae Dampiera stricta
Goodeniaceae Goodenia bellidifolia
Goodeniaceae Scaevola ramosissima
Loganiaceae Mitrasacme polymorpha
Rutaceae Pomax umbellata
Stackhousiaceae Stackhousia viminea
Stylidiaceae Stylidium gramineum a Trigger Plant
Stylidiaceae Stylidium lineare a Trigger Plant Herbs - Monocots
Agavaceae Doryanthes excelsa Gymea Lily
Anthericaceae Caesia parviflora
Cyperaceae Caustis flexuosa Curly Sedge
Cyperaceae Caustis recurvata
Cyperaceae Cyathochaeta diandra
Cyperaceae Gahnia clarkei
Cyperaceae Gahnia sieberiana
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma concavum
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma laterale Broad Sword-sedge
Cyperaceae Ptilothrix deusta
Cyperaceae Schoenus imberbis
Iridaceae Patersonia glabrata a Purple Flag
Iridaceae Patersonia sericea a Purple Flag
Lomandraceae Lomandra glauca
Lomandraceae Lomandra longifolia Spiny -headed Mat-rush
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Table D.1 Recommended species for planting
Family Scientific Name Common Name
Lomandraceae Lomandra obliqua Fishbone Mat-rush
Phormiaceae Dianella prunina
Poaceae Anisopogon avenaceus
Poaceae Entolasia stricta Wiry Panic
Poaceae Imperata cylindrica var. major Blady Grass
Poaceae Themeda australis Kangaroo Grass
Restionaceae Empodisma minor
Restionaceae Lepyrodia scariosa Scale Rush
Xyridaceae Xyris gracilis subsp. gracilis Vines
Apocynaceae Marsdenia suaveolens
Fabaceae Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral Pea
Lauraceae Cassytha pubescens Devils Twine
Pittosporaceae Billardiera scandens Common Appleberry
Vitaceae Cissus hypoglauca Five-leaved Water Vine
Smilacaceae Smilax glyciphylla Sarsaparilla
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Appendix E
Threatened Species Locations
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
6 MAY 2019
Table E.1 Threatened Species Locations – April 2019
Species Notes Date Easting Northing
Darwinia glaucophylla Healthy individuals above MP3, some flowering 17/04/2019 333878 6301191
Darwinia glaucophylla Dg3 - very healthy, lots new growth, covering approx. 50x50cm - spreading 17/04/2019 333837 6301196
Darwinia glaucophylla Individuals still growing down rock wall into drain below 17/04/2019 333809 6301198
Darwinia glaucophylla New juvenile 17/04/2019 333792 6301200
Darwinia glaucophylla New juvenile 17/04/2019 333788 6301200
Darwinia glaucophylla New juvenile 17/04/2019 333788 6301200
Darwinia glaucophylla New juvenile 17/04/2019 333787 6301200
Darwinia glaucophylla Dg2 - Individual healthy, new growth - spreading, flowering 17/04/2019 333771 6301182
Darwinia glaucophylla New individual 17/04/2019 333695 6301319
Darwinia glaucophylla New individual 17/04/2019 333696 6301319
Darwinia glaucophylla Dg1 - healthy plant, flowering. Other D. glauca individuals at MP1 also thriving, some flowering. 17/04/2019 333695 6301331
Darwinia glaucophylla New individual 17/04/2019 333714 6301279
Darwinia glaucophylla New individual 18/04/2019 334521 6300874
Hibbertia procumbens Previously located - patch of 7 17/04/2019 333697 6301310
Hibbertia procumbens New - 1 spreading individual 17/04/2019 333697 6301314
Hibbertia procumbens Formerly located (previous years) individual 17/04/2019 333764 6301404
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD E.1 6 MAY 2019
Table E.1 Threatened Species Locations – April 2019
Species Notes Date Easting Northing
Hibbertia procumbens Formerly located (previous years) individual 17/04/2019 333768 6301407
Hibbertia procumbens New individual (1) 17/04/2019 333775 6301410
Hibbertia procumbens New individual (1) 17/04/2019 333772 6301408
Hibbertia procumbens Formerly located (previous years) individual 17/04/2019 333719 6301355
Hibbertia procumbens New individuals 17/04/2019 333717 6301340
Hibbertia procumbens New individual (1) 17/04/2019 333715 6301345
Hibbertia procumbens New individual (1) 17/04/2019 333723 6301333
Hibbertia procumbens New individual (1) 17/04/2019 333710 6301315
Hibbertia procumbens New individual (1) 17/04/2019 333707 6301308
Hibbertia procumbens New individual (1) 18/04/2019 334567 6301150
Hibbertia procumbens New individual (1) 18/04/2019 334102 6300700
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Appendix F
Threatened Species Profiles
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - CALGA SAND QUARRY FINAL HANSON AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
6 MAY 2019
F.1 Darwinia glaucophylla
Conservation status: Vulnerable (NSW BC Act 2016)
Description: Darwinia glaucophylla is a spreading, prostrate shrub with branchlets ascending up to 15 cm high. The leaves are glaucous, often with a red-purple tinge, lack hairs or scales, are laterally compressed and reach lengths of 8-17 mm. The plant flowers in winter and spring. Flowers are borne on 1.5mm long stalks at the end of small branchlets, are tubular (7-8 mm long) occurring in clusters of 2-4, are yellow -green when young and turn red in upper parts as they mature. Flowers are surrounded by red-brown bracteoles (4-6 mm long) which fall as the flower ages. The fruit is tiny (1.5 mm diameter) with a single seed.
Distribution and habitat: This species is endemic to the Gosford area of the Sydney Basin Bioregion in NSW and is currently known from 15 sites, several which are located within or near to Brisbane Waters NP and one within Popran NP. It is known or predicted to occur in heathy woodlands/open forests and shrubby woodlands, associated with coastal or hinterland sandstone rock platforms or near hanging swamps and friable sandstone shallow soils within the Hawkesbury/Nepean and Hunter/Central Rivers Catchment Management Regions.
Threats: This species is threatened by habitat loss/fragmentation from development and habitat degradation due to weed invasions, increased sedimentation, trail and track maintenance and recreational vehicle damage. Infrequent and overly frequent fire regimes also pose a threat to this species.
F.2 Hibbertia procumbens
Conservation status: Endangered (NSW BC Act 2016)
Description: Hibbertia procumbens is a spreading, prostrate shrub, with smooth, hairless stems. Leaves are linear to narrowly lance-shaped with a pointed tip, 15 -20 mm long, about 2 mm wide and similar on both surfaces with no obvious midrib. Flowers are stalkless, occur near the ends of branches, are up to 2 cm in diameter with five, yellow petals 8 - 10 mm long.
Distribution and habitat: Within NSW is it known to occur only on the Central Coast in the Gosford and Wyong areas. These populations are at Peats Ridge in the Gosford LGA; Bumble Hill near Yarramalong in Wyong LGA; Kulnura, Strickland State Forest, Somersby, Calga/Mt White Mangrove Mountain and; and near Mogo Creek to the west of Mangrove Creek Dam. It has been recorded in four conservation reserves: Yengo, Popran and Brisbane Water National Parks and the non-production Strickland State Forest. It is known or predicted to occur in heathy woodlands/open forests and shrubby woodlands associated with coastal or hinterland sandstone plateaux or near hanging swamp communities on sandy deposits within the Hawkesbury/Nepean and Hunter/Central Rivers Catchment Management Regions.
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Threats: This species is threatened by habitat loss/fragmentation from development and habitat degradation due to weed invasions, increased sedimentation, trail and track maintenance and recreational vehicle damage. Infrequent and overly frequent fire regimes also pose a threat to this species.
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