DOCSLIB.ORG

Annual Report 2012 - 2013

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ANNUAL REPORT 2012 - 2013 Public Relations Division, WAPDA WAPDA House, Lahore - Pakistan Tel: +92 42 99202633 E-mail: [email protected] Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority www.wapda.gov.pk Public Relations Division, WAPDA WAPDA House, Lahore - Pakistan Tel: +92 42 99202633 E-mail: [email protected] Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority www. wapda.gov.pk Chief Editor Muhammad Abid Rana Editor Malieha Aftab Photography Tahir Mehmood, Shahid Jalal Composed by Shaukat Ali Bhatti Design / Production SMS Consultants Published Public Relations Division (WAPDA) WAPDA House, Lahore - Pakistan Contents AUTHORITY 03 Organization Chart 04 Acknowledgement 08 Foreword 09 Overview 10 Performance at a Glance 13 WAPDA Charter 14 Authority Fund WATER WING 19 Water Development 22 Indus Basin Settlement Plan 30 Tarbela Dam 39 Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project (GBHP) 44 Chashma Hydel Power Station 46 Jinnah Hydel Power Station 47 Mangla Dam Raising Project 53 Diamer Basha Dam Project 57 Land Acquisition & Resettlement Wing 61 Technical Services Division 69 Planning and Design (Water) 93 Centeral Design Office (Water) 97 Hydro Planning Organization (HPO) 107 Neelum-Jhelum Hydroelectric Project 112 Water Divisions 112 Central 124 South 149 North 154 Northern Areas 158 Hub Dam POWER WING 163 Hydel Energy Generation FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATION 175 Public Sector Development Programme 179 Financial Review 182 Administrative Support 199 WAPDA Sports 203 Balance Sheets Organization Chart Authority as on June 30, 2013 Syed Raghib Abbas Shah Chairman Member & M.D. (Water) CEO (NJHPC) GM (P&D) GM (Projects) South GM (C&M) Water GM (M&S) GM (Projects) NA GM (Hydro Planning) GM (Central) Water GM (TS) GM/PD (NJHPC) GM (Basha Dam) GM (LA&R) GM TDP Tarbela GM (CDO) Water GM (Fin.) Water Hasnain Afzal GM Ghazi Brotha GM (Projects) North Acting Member (Water) Member & M.D. (Power) GM (Coord.) GM (Training) GM Hydel (Operation) GM/PD (UET) Faisalabad GM Hydel (Development) Principal (WSC) Islamabad GM (Finance) Power Rizwan Ahmed Acting Member (Power) Member Finance GM (Fin.) Coord. GM (I&P) GM (CCC) Chief Auditor Syed Nazakat Ali Shah Acting Member (Finance) Muhammad Imtiaz Tajwar Secretary WAPDA 04 WAPDA Annual Report 2012 - 13 Acknowledgement Pakistan Water & Power Development Authority other agencies of Provincial/Federal Governments (WAPDA) a federal autonomous body came into as well as the donor agencies i.e. IDB, World Bank, existence through an Act of Parliament in 1958. ADB, AFD, KfW, CIDA, Kuwait Fund, Chinese Govt., WAPDA Authority comprises of a Chairman, three China Exim Bank, Korean Investment Bank, OPEC, Members (Water, Power & Finance) and a Secretary. SFD, USAID etc. In the current scenario and in view The Government of Pakistan had assigned to of the difficulties faced by the population due to WAPDA the responsibility for optimal utilization of shortage of electricity, WAPDA is determined to water & power resources in the country. face the development planning challenges as Simultaneously it was also given the task of Planning detailed below: of hydel generation, designing, construction and installation of transmission and distribution lines Improvement in Operational Efficiency (500KV, 220KV, 66KV and 11KV Feeders) except in WAPDA Hydel Power Stations produced 28,206 areas of Karachi & AJ&K. In 2007, WAPDA through million KWh net energy during the FY 2012-13 which an Ordinance was bifurcated into two entities i.e. is 32% of the total hydel/thermal generation mix of WAPDA and PEPCO. The functions of hydropower, the power system. The preventive maintenance of generation and operation maintenance of power generating units was properly carried out to ensure houses remained with WAPDA whereas the power high availability and reliability of cheap hydropower. wing i.e. DISCOs, GENCOs and NTDC were placed at the disposal of PEPCO. WAPDA has also taken in hand rehabilitation of its old existing hydel power stations to ensure more In accordance with Section 21(I) of WAPDA Act reliable and sustainable operation of these cheap 1958, an Annual Report on the development of sources of power generation. Rehabilitation of 22 water & power resources is prepared and submitted MW Jabban Hydroelectric Power Station is nearing to the Government of Pakistan. completion. Detailed design for the upgradation and refurbishment of Mangla Power Station has In this regard, the detail of all activities, being been completed, the scheme envisages undertaken beside a comprehensive programme enhancement of total installed capacity of the power of development of water & hydropower projects station from 1000 MW to 1310 MW through optimum (Vision-2025) being executed on behalf of utilization of additional water and higher head Government of Pakistan has been elaborated in the available after completion of Mangla Dam Raising subsequent pages. The feasibility studies, detailed Project. USAID has committed to provide a grant of engineering design for different mega, medium and US $ 150 million for upgradation of units 5+6 and small hydel projects and dams with the generation other miscellaneous works in the first stage, out of capacity of 25000 MW either have been completed which US $ 72 million has been provided yet. or at an advance stage of finalization. The portfolio of small/medium dams has also been prepared for Feasibility study and detailed design for rehabilitation, the prosperity and development of remote, barren upgradation and modernization of Warsak Power and under developed areas of the country. Station has been completed which will ensure the running of the plant at its full capacity of 243 MW WAPDA has chalked out a detailed programme for for another life cycle of 35 to 40 years. The the construction of five multi dimensional water implementation of project will start soon after the storages dams during the next ten years to cater required financing is arranged. for the requirements of water shortage and to provide cheap electricity. WAPDA Authority appreciates the Planning work for upgradation of Renala and Chitral collaborated efforts and collective wisdom and Hydel Power Stations is under progress which support, provided by various organizations and envisages enhancing their capacity from 01 MW to 05 WAPDA Annual Report 2012 - 13 04 MW and 01 MW to 05 MW respectively. Besides, total annual energy generation of over five (05) billion special repair and maintenance of Tarbela Power units. The construction activities on Golen Gol Station is also being carried out under FARA / USAID. Hydropower Projects (106 MW) and Duber Khwar (130 MW) are near completion. The new hydropower Revival of WAPDA as a Development projects Allai Khwar (121 MW) and Jinnah (96 MW) Organization have started functioning. WAPDA has embarked on the implementation of Vision-2025 Programme under which a To meet the ever increasing water demands of the comprehensive & integrated approach for agriculture sector of Pakistan, WAPDA is working on development of water resources and hydro power various Water Sector Projects which includes projects would be undertaken to give a boost to the resettlement works of Mangla Dam Raising economy of the country. This will also revive WAPDAs (additional 2.88 MAF Storage and 120 MW electricity). primary developmental role as laid down in WAPDAs Mangla Dam Raising Project and Dhan Gali Bridge charter of duties. under the same project were inaugurated on 13th October, 2011 whereas the construction work on In the first phase of the programme the development Gomal Zam Dam (0.892 MAF live storage and 17.4 work was initiated on four (04) canals, five (05) dams MW) was completed and inaugurated on 12.09.2013 and five (05) hydropower projects. Out of which by Kh.Muhammad Asif, Minister for Water & Power three (03) dams (Mirani, Sabakzai & Mangla Raising) and American Ambassador jointly. Furthermore, the and 01canal (Greater Thal) have been completed. construction work on Satpara Dam (0.053 MAF live The construction works on remaining projects is at storage and 17.3 MW), Darawat Dam (0.120 MAF advance stages of completion. In addition to these live storage), Nai Gaj Dam (0.30 MAF live storage) projects, WAPDA has initiated the construction work and Kurram Tangi Dam (0.90 MAF live storage and on Darawat Dam, Nai Gaj Dam, Ghabbir Dam, 83.4 MW) is in progress. The Mirani Dam (0.152 Noulong Dam, Neelum Jhelum Hydropower Project MAF live storage) and Sabakzai Dam (0.0147 MAF and Golen Gol Hydropower Project respectively. live storage) have been completed and are in operation. Recently, Sabakzai Dam has been handed Detailed engineering design & tender documents over to govt. of Balochistan in June, 2010. Irrigation of Keyal Khwar (122 MW) has been completed while projects of Rainee Canal (Phase-I) & Kachhi Canal detailed engineering & tender document of Bunji (Phase-I) are under implementation whereas the (7100 MW), Dasu (4320 MW), Mohmand Dam (740 Phase-1 of Greater Thal Canal has successfully MW) and Phandar (80 MW) hydropower projects is been completed and handed over the Punjab in progress. Feasibility studies of Lower Palas Valley Irrigation and Power Department. (665 MW), Lower Spat Gah (496 MW), Harpo (34.5 MW), Basho (40 MW) has been completed while WAPDA has also initiated activities on drainage feasibility study of Pattan (2800 MW), Thahkot (2800 projects. Right Bank Outfall Drain (RBOD-I) located MW), Dudhnial Multi-Purpose Dam Project (960 MW), in Shikarpur, Dadu and Larkana Districts in Sindh Trappi Multi-Purpose Dam Project (30 MW) and Tangir Province, this will increase agriculture production in (20 MW) Hydropower Project are in progress. an area of 1,141,209 acres. Right Bank Outfall Drain (RBOD-III) located in Nasirabad, Jaffarabad districts The construction of Neelum Jhelum Hydropower of Balochistan and Jacobabad & Shahdadkot Project (969 MW) is in progress. The work on districts of Sindh will positively impact agriculture excavation of tunnels has been speeded up due to production over an area of 709,536 acres.
Recommended publications
  • PAKISTAN: FLOODS/RAINS 2012 Series No. 4 RAPID

    PAKISTAN: FLOODS/RAINS 2012 Series No. 4 RAPID

    Pakistan Floods / Rains 2012: Rapid Crop Damage Assessment: Series No. 4 PAKISTAN: FLOODS/RAINS 2012 Series No. 4 RAPID CROP DAMAGE ASSESSMENT October 30, 2012 Pakistan Space & Food and Agriculture Upper Atmosphere Organization of the Research Commission United Nations Pakistan Floods / Rains 2012: Rapid Crop Damage Assessment: Series No. 4 ISBN : 978-969-9102-11-0 Pakistan Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission SPARC, Islamabad Phone: 051-9273312, 051-4611792 e-mail:[email protected], Website: www.suparco.gov.pk Pakistan Floods / Rains 2012: Rapid Crop Damage Assessment: Series No. 4 Foreword Pakistan faced floods and tormenting rains during the last three consecutive monsoons from 2010 to 2012. During these floods, the ground communication systems were generally disrupted and information on flood extent and damage through ground reporting services was not available for taking timely decisions. To address the situation and to ensure continuous provision of current and timely information to the concerned stakeholder’s and decision makers satellite remote sensing and GIS technologies were extensively utilized. SUPARCO in collaboration with FAO started generating data on daily basis on flood extent, damage to households, infrastructure and crops besides undertaking detailed Damage Need Assessment (DNA). This fast track supply of information made it possible to reach out to affected and displaced masses for supply of food, medical care, relief, rehabilitation and follow up programs. In the aftermath of floods, monitoring of flood recession and ponding of water in the affected areas on decadal basis was also carried out for several months. All of this work was published by SUPARCO-FAO jointly in three reports (Reports 1 to 3).
  • Geospatial Analysis of Indus River Meandering and Flow Pattern from Chachran to Guddu Barrage, Pakistan Vol 9 (2), December 2018

    Geospatial Analysis of Indus River Meandering and Flow Pattern from Chachran to Guddu Barrage, Pakistan Vol 9 (2), December 2018

    Geospatial Analysis of Indus River Meandering and Flow Pattern from Chachran to Guddu Barrage, Pakistan Vol 9 (2), December 2018 Open Access ORIGINAL ARTICLE Full Length Ar t icle Geospatial Analysis of Indus River Meandering and Flow Pattern from Chachran to Guddu Barrage, Pakistan Danish Raza* and Aqeel Ahmed Kidwai Department of Meteorology-COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan ABS TRACT Natural and anthropogenic influence affects directly ecologic equilibrium and hydro morphologic symmetry of riverine surroundings. The current research intends to study the hydro morphologic features (meanders, shape, and size) of Indus River, Pakistan by using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information science (GIS) techniques to calculate the temporal changes. Landsat satellite imagery was used for qualitative and analytical study. Satellite imagery was acquired from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Operational Land Imager (OLI). Temporal satellite imagery of study area was used to identify the variations of river morphology for the years 1988,1995,2002,2009 and 2017. Research was based upon the spatial and temporal change of river pattern with respect to meandering and flow pattern observations for 30 years’ temporal data with almost 7 years’ interval. Image preprocessing was applied on the imagery of the study area for the better visualization and identification of variations among the objects. Object-based image analysis technique was performed for better results of a feature on the earth surface. Model builder (Arc GIS) was used for calculation of temporal variation of the river. In observation many natural factor involves for pattern changes such as; floods and rain fall.
  • Status of the Indus River Dolphin Platanista Minor

    Status of the Indus River Dolphin Platanista Minor

    ORYX VOL 32 NO 1 JANUARY 1998 Status of the Indus River dolphin Platanista minor Randall R. Reeves and Abdul Aleem Chaudhry The endemic freshwater dolphins in the Indus River system of Pakistan, Platanista minor, have been considered endangered since the early 1970s. Measures taken to protect them from deliberate capture seem to have stopped a rapid decline, and combined counts in Sindh and Punjab provinces since the early 1980s suggest a total population of at least a few hundred animals. Severe problems remain, however. In addition to the risks inherent to any species with an effective population size in the low hundreds (at most), these dolphins are subject to long-term threats associated with living in an artificially controlled waterway used intensively by humans. Irrigation barrages partition the aggregate population into discrete subpopulations for much of the year. Dolphins that 'escape' during the flood season into irrigation canals or into reaches downstream of barrages where winter water levels are low have little chance of survival. A few dolphins probably die each year after being caught in fishing nets. Pollution by untreated urban sewage, agricultural runoff and industrial effluent threatens the health of the entire Indus system. The future of this dolphin species depends on Pakistan's commitment to protecting biological diversity in the face of escalating human demands on dwindling resources. Introduction In the early 1970s, G. Pilleri and his co- workers called world attention to the fact that The Indus River dolphin Platanista minor, Indus dolphins were declining rapidly (Pilleri known locally as bhulan, is endemic to the and Zbinden, 1973-74; Pilleri, 1980).
  • Basic Design Study Report on the Project for Rehabilitation of Gates of Taunsa Barrage in Islamic Republic of Pakistan

    Basic Design Study Report on the Project for Rehabilitation of Gates of Taunsa Barrage in Islamic Republic of Pakistan

    No. BASIC DESIGN STUDY REPORT ON THE PROJECT FOR REHABILITATION OF GATES OF TAUNSA BARRAGE IN ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN DECEMBER 2004 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY SANYU CONSULTANTS INC. YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO.,LTD GM JR 04-238 Intake at right bank Upstream Weir Gate Under Sluice gate at Right bank Intake at left bank Downstream Under Sluice gate PERSPECTIVE at Left bank THE PROJECT FOR REHABILITATION OF GATES OF TAUNSA BARRAGE IN ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN Summary Economy of Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Population 149,030 thousand, GNP 470 USD per Capita, in 2003) has been largely dependent on the agricultural sector with such dominant indexes of about 1/4 of GDP, about 1/2 of working population, etc. However, the agriculture sector is now in a very difficult and sensitive situation being subjected to problematic weather conditions affecting the area. The GDP of the country in 2000/01 came down due to severe drought that occurred in the country. Situation changed in 2003/2004 because the country’s GDP was 6.4 percent higher than the government objective figures of 5.3 percent due mainly to the favorable conditions of the manufacturing sector, as well as the recovery of the agricultural sector. However, economy of the country is still on the decline due to problems of debt repayment, and other medium and long-term problems such as delay of adequate privatization, stagnation of agricultural productivity, sluggish growth of export industry, etc. Major problems in the fields of irrigation and drainage are summarized in the issues of: a) shortage of water resources in accordance with population increase, b) lowering of irrigation efficiencies caused by the deterioration of provided irrigation systems, c) facility damages due to water-logging and salt, water contamination, lowering of ground-water table, flood, and; d) shortages of operation and maintenance (O&M) costs due to low recovery of water-charges, etc.
  • Water Resources Development in Pakistan a Revisit of Past Studies

    Water Resources Development in Pakistan a Revisit of Past Studies

    World Water Day 22nd March, 2014 56 WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN A REVISIT OF PAST STUDIES By Engr. Abdul Khaliq Khan1 Abstract Three-fourths of the Earth’s surface is covered with water. Only 1% of the World’s water is usable, about 97% is salty sea water and 2% is frozen in glaciers and ice caps. All life on earth depends on water. Population is increasing and hence water availability per person is reducing. Civilizations have historically flourished around rivers and major waterways and for centuries these waterways have been a source of their livelihood. In modern times a remarkable irrigation network was developed by the British in the Indus river basin and at the time of partition the dividing line of the sub-continent disregarded not only the topography but also the irrigation boundaries of the then existing canal supply system. This created great challenges for the water resources development work in Pakistan. This paper discusses the importance of water and its role in the economic development of a country through increase in agricultural and industrial development. It traces the path as to how in Pakistan over the last 67 years various studies were carried out for the planning and development of water resources in the country. It discusses the steps that need to be taken today so that ample water is made available for our future generations for their survival. 1. INTRODUCTION All life on Earth depends on water, whether it is a plant in a desert, an animal in a wilderness, an insect in a rock crevice or a fish in a lake.
  • Pakistan Public Expenditure Management, Volume II

    Pakistan Public Expenditure Management, Volume II

    Report No. 25665-PK PAKISTAN Public Expenditure Management Accelerated Development of Water Resources and Irrigated Agriculture VOLUME II January 28, 2004 Environment and Social Development Sector Unit Rural Development Sector Unit South Asia Region Document of the World Bank CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit = Pakistan Rupee US $1 = PKR 57.8 FISCAL YEAR July 1-June 30 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank MIS Management information system ADP Annual Development Plan MOWP Ministry of Water and Power AWB Area Water Board MTEF Medium Term Expenditure Framework BCM Billion cubic meters MTIP Medium Term Investment Plan CCA Canal command area NDP National Drainage Program DMP Drainage Master Plan NDS National Drainage System EFR Environmental Flow Requirement NSDS National System Drainage Study EIRR Economic internal rate of return NWFP North West Frontier Province FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas NWP National Water Policy FGW Fresh groundwater OFWM On-farm water management FO Farmer organization O&M Operations and Maintenance GDP Gross development product PIDA Provincial Irrigation and Drainage Authority GIS Geographic Information System POE Panel of Experts GOP Government of Pakistan PRHS Pakistan Rural Household Survey HYV High yielding variety PSDP Public Sector Development Program IBIS Indus basin irrigation system PV Present Value IDA International Development Association RAP Revised Action Plan IPPs Independent Power Producers RBOD Right Bank Outfall Drain IRSA Indus River System Authority SCARP Salinity control
  • The Geographic, Geological and Oceanographic Setting of the Indus River

    The Geographic, Geological and Oceanographic Setting of the Indus River

    16 The Geographic, Geological and Oceanographic Setting of the Indus River Asif Inam1, Peter D. Clift2, Liviu Giosan3, Ali Rashid Tabrez1, Muhammad Tahir4, Muhammad Moazam Rabbani1 and Muhammad Danish1 1National Institute of Oceanography, ST. 47 Clifton Block 1, Karachi, Pakistan 2School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK 3Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA 4Fugro Geodetic Limited, 28-B, KDA Scheme #1, Karachi 75350, Pakistan 16.1 INTRODUCTION glaciers (Tarar, 1982). The Indus, Jhelum and Chenab Rivers are the major sources of water for the Indus Basin The 3000 km long Indus is one of the world’s larger rivers Irrigation System (IBIS). that has exerted a long lasting fascination on scholars Seasonal and annual river fl ows both are highly variable since Alexander the Great’s expedition in the region in (Ahmad, 1993; Asianics, 2000). Annual peak fl ow occurs 325 BC. The discovery of an early advanced civilization between June and late September, during the southwest in the Indus Valley (Meadows and Meadows, 1999 and monsoon. The high fl ows of the summer monsoon are references therein) further increased this interest in the augmented by snowmelt in the north that also conveys a history of the river. Its source lies in Tibet, close to sacred large volume of sediment from the mountains. Mount Kailas and part of its upper course runs through The 970 000 km2 drainage basin of the Indus ranks the India, but its channel and drainage basin are mostly in twelfth largest in the world. Its 30 000 km2 delta ranks Pakiistan.
  • TARIQ ALTAF 1 CURRICULUM VITAE Name : TARIQ ALTAF Nationality : Pakistani Date & Place of Birth : May 11, 1958 Lahore

    TARIQ ALTAF 1 CURRICULUM VITAE Name : TARIQ ALTAF Nationality : Pakistani Date & Place of Birth : May 11, 1958 Lahore

    TARIQ ALTAF 1 CURRICULUM VITAE Name : TARIQ ALTAF Nationality : Pakistani Date & Place of Birth : May 11, 1958 Lahore - Pakistan Expertise : Hydraulics / Water Resources Engineering Contact Information : Cell +92 333 4262359 Email [email protected], [email protected] Website www.tariqaltaf.com Education : M.Sc. Water Resources Engineering (1987), George Washington University, Washington D.C. U.S.A. B.Sc. Civil Engineering (1981), University of Engineering and Technology Lahore – Pakistan Membership of Professional : Member Pakistan Engineering Council Associations Member, Institute of Engineers, Pakistan Member Pakistan Engineering Congress Training / Workshops / Seminars : International Conference on “New Challenges in Geotechnical Engineering”, at Lahore – Pakistan (January 2017). Consultative Seminar on “Finalization of Draft National Water Policy” at Islamabad – Pakistan (Nov.2016). Symposium on “The Vulnerability of Pakistan’s Water Sector to the Impacts of Climate Change” organized by Center for Climate Research and Development (CCRD) COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) at Islamabad (May 2016). Symposium on “Pakistan-India Trans boundary Water Disputes” at Lahore – Pakistan (April 2016). Congress of “ICID (International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage)” at Lahore – Pakistan (October 2008). 2nd South Asia Water Forum at Islamabad – Pakistan (December 2002). Course on "Hydropower Development" organized by the Pakistan-German Hydropower Development Programme. Workshop on "Experience with HEC-2 for Computing
  • 10-35 Waterworldwaterday 22 March 2014Water and Anex Izharul

    10-35 Waterworldwaterday 22 March 2014Water and Anex Izharul

    World Water Day 22nd March, 2014 10 WATER ENERGY NEXUS By Dr. Izhar ul Haq1 SYNOPSIS Pakistan has on the average about 145 MAF of surface flows per annum. Out of this on average 103 MAF is diverted for irrigation at various barrages, 10 MAF is the system loss and 32 MAF goes down the last barrage into sea every year. Mangla and Tarbela two mega Dams were built as a part of the replacement works of the Indus Basin Plan. Their storage capacity has reduced due to sedimentation. There are about 100 small to medium dams on tributaries but their storage capacity is small. Pakistan has presently storage capacity of 10% of annual flows against 40% World average. Construction of Kalabagh Dam is stalled due to non consensus of the provinces. Diamer Basha Dam, having the approval of Council of Common Interest and Political Consensus, is ready for construction since 2008 and is still awaiting the financing arrangement for construction. These are only a couple of mega storage sites on main river Indus. Pakistan must build storage dams not only for food self sufficiency but also for cheap hydropower and flood mitigation. Pakistan has hydropower potential of 60,000 MW out of which it has exploited only 11%. The share of hydropower has reduced from 60% to 32% of the total power generated. The dependence on the imported fossil fuel (oil) has pushed the power tariff upwards. Pakistan has 18 small to medium hydel stations and only 3 stations greater than 1000 MW. The hydel power produced by Mangla and Tarbela has been the main stay in the economy of Pakistan.
  • Life Science Journal 2013;10(3) Http

    Life Science Journal 2013;10(3) Http

    Life Science Journal 2013;10(3) http://www.lifesciencesite.com Pakistan’s Hydro Potential and Energy Crisis Tahir Mahmood 1, Hasham Khan 2, Mohammad Ahmad Choudhry 1 1. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan 2. Department of Electrical Engineering, GCT, Abbottabad, Pakistan [email protected] Abstract: Pakistan has abundant water resources. Hydro-potential resources can play effective role in contributing towards energy security as well as energy independence of Pakistan. This research paper delineates hydro potential in Pakistan. At present, Pakistan is facing severe short fall of electric energy. A brief history and the present situation of the hydro-electricity production, its consumption in the country and importance of utilization of water resources for the production of electric power have been discussed. Predictions to solve energy crises are made on the basis of empirical data and preliminary observations. The root causes of the shortfall in energy generation, an estimated forecast of demand and generation of electricity for the next twenty years has also been predicted. Energy projections have been discussed in detail. [T. MAhmoo, H. Khan, M.A. Choudhry. Pakistan’s Hydro Potential and Energy Crisis. Life Sci J 2013;10(3):1059-1069] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 154 Keywords: Energy crisis, electricity generation, hydro potential. 1. Introduction facing by the whole world now a day. At present, the Pakistan, at present facing serious short fall duration of forced load shedding in peak season is of electric energy and this has evolved as crises. All between 8 hrs to 10 hrs in urban areas while 16 hrs to kinds of industries as well as common man had been 18 hours in rural areas.
  • 3 Who Is Who and What Is What

    3 Who Is Who and What Is What

    3 e who is who and what is what Ever Success - General Knowledge 4 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Ever Success Revised and Updated GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Who is who? What is what? CSS, PCS, PMS, FPSC, ISSB Police, Banks, Wapda, Entry Tests and for all Competitive Exames and Interviews World Pakistan Science English Computer Geography Islamic Studies Subjectives + Objectives etc. Abbreviations Current Affair Sports + Games Ever Success - General Knowledge 5 Saad Book Bank, Lahore © ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this book may be reproduced In any form, by photostate, electronic or mechanical, or any other means without the written permission of author and publisher. Composed By Muhammad Tahsin Ever Success - General Knowledge 6 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Dedicated To ME Ever Success - General Knowledge 7 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Ever Success - General Knowledge 8 Saad Book Bank, Lahore P R E F A C E I offer my services for designing this strategy of success. The material is evidence of my claim, which I had collected from various resources. I have written this book with an aim in my mind. I am sure this book will prove to be an invaluable asset for learners. I have tried my best to include all those topics which are important for all competitive exams and interviews. No book can be claimed as prefect except Holy Quran. So if you found any shortcoming or mistake, you should inform me, according to your suggestions, improvements will be made in next edition. The author would like to thank all readers and who gave me their valuable suggestions for the completion of this book.
  • Expanding Informality &Diminishing Wages 2011

    Expanding Informality &Diminishing Wages 2011

    Labour Rights in Pakistan Expanding Informality &Diminishing Wages 2011 Pakistan Institute of Labour Education & Research 2 Labour Rights in Pakistan Advisor Karamat Ali Editor Zeenat Hisam Contributors Dr. Pervez Tahir Dr. Nadia Saleem Dr. Naheed Nabi Dr. Aly Ercelawn Yasmin Qureshi & Sameena Haidermota Altaf Hussain Nayyar Ahmed Siddiqui Design & Layout K.B. Abro First Published: December 2011 ISBN 978-969-9153-11-2 Printed at Print Vision Published by: Pakistan Institute of Labour Education & Research PILER Centre ST-001, Sector X, Sub-Sector V, Gulshan-e-Maymar Karachi 75340 Pakistan 3 Labour Rights in Pakistan Contents Foreword 5 Section One 1. Introduction 9 The Year of the Disaster War on Terror Legislative Changes Economic Overview Labour Force participation and Employment Structure Labour Force Indicators at a Glance 2. Labour Struggles 2010-22011 15 Informal Sector Ship Breaking Industry Fisheries Power Looms Formal (Public) Sector PTCL KESC Lady Health Workers Formal Private Sector Coca Cola Beverages Pakistan Ltd. 3. The Floods 2010: Impact on Vulnerable Lives and Livelihoods 23 Attribution and the Affected Government Response and the Gaps The Displaced Population Meagre Incomes, Poor Livelihoods Social Deprivation and Insecurity Section Two Special Articles 1. Economy and Labour Dr. Pervez Tahir 29 2. Emerging Shape of Labour Market and Women Dr. Nadia Saleem 39 3. Occupational Health and Safety in the Brick Kilns of Shahdadpur Dr. Naheed Nabi 57 4. Rural Workers and Residential Land Entitlement Altaf Hussain 65 5. Women in the Fisheries Yasmin Qureshi & Sameena H. 73 6. Minimum Wage: Deficit in Decent Wage A. Ercelawn 85 7. The Devolved Course: Constitutional Reforms and the Status of Implementation of Labour Provisions Zeenia Shaukat 91 4 Labour Rights in Pakistan 5 Labour Rights in Pakistan Foreword Inequitable processes are unjust, whether across groups or generations.