AEI Conference 2013

S LOVAK ELECTROTECHNICAL SOCIETY

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

ON APPLIED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

AND INFORMATICS 2013

AEI 3

S EPTEMBER 02 – 10,

K

SLOVAK REPUBLIC

EDITOR: LIBERIOS VOKOROKOS

ISBN 978-80-553-1459-4 3 AEI Conference 2013

ISBN: 978-80-553-1459-4

2013 ice, Slovak Republic 2013

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.

Editor: Liberios Vokorokos

Published by the Faculty of Electrical Enginnering and Informatics, Technical University

ISBN 978-80-553-1459-4 3 AEI Conference 2013

LIST OF PAPERS

TESTING OF ENHANCED DSR ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR TEMPORARY DISCONNECTED MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS 8

THE SELECTION OF THE CANDIDATES FOR OPPORTUNISTIC FORWARDING: STATE OF THE ART ubo J PAPAJ, Roman PALITEFKA 14

ANALYSIS AND VERIFICATION OF SECURITY PROTOCOLS USING SPI-CALCULUS 18 AN INTERNET APPLICATIONS BASED ON THE MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM 22

HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF CONVERTERS WITH PWM OUTPUT VOLTAGE CONTROL FOR TWO-PHASE MOTOR APPLICATIONS 26

POWER SYSTEM STABILITY IMPROVEMENT USING FACTS DEVICES Michal KOLCUN Jr. 32 AGILENT USING AS HUMAN-MACHINE Roman CIMBALA, 37 FACE ANALYSIS ALGORITHM Liberios VOKOROKOS, Eva CHOVANCOV 40 MEASURING OF SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS OF WET MATERIALS IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE FROM 1 GHZ TO 13 GHZ

Alexander 44

EXPERIENCE IN THE DIAGNOSTIC OF AERIAL MASTS 49

ISBN 978-80-553-1030-5 2 AEI Conference 2013 

MEASURING OF SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS OF WET MATERIALS IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE FROM 1 GHZ TO 13 GHZ

, Iraida

-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT This paper deals with measuring of shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic field. The measurements were focused on shielding effectiveness while gradually drying out building materials in the range of high frequencies from 1 GHz to 13 GHz. The measured object was fiber cement board facade Eterplan and exterior facade board Natura Pro. Thickness of the boards were 8 mm.

Keywords: shielding effectiveness, electromagnetic field, high frequencies

1. INTRODUCTION associated concept of electromagnetic compatibility. We are witnessing an increase of resources of electromagnetic radiation which in the past were not so 2. SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS great. Wireless on the one hand provides convenience and speed of communication but on the other hand brings Shielding of electromagnetic field can be defined as a some negatives that are in the world more and more ability of material to defend of the penetration of the discussed topic. electromagnetic field. Various types of equipment use It should be noted that the sources of the shielding in various fields of our daily lives. This is electromagnetic field not only negatively affect the human mobile phones, mobile stations, wifi devices to provide body. A well-known example of the beneficial uses of internet through a variety of medical devices, source of electromagnetic radiation at higher frequencies communications networks, electronic devices and so on. This concept closely related with electromagnetic is the thermal hyperthermia which is described in [1]. compatibility. Electromagnetic compatibility could be Wireless communication is not only represented in the defined as the ability of devices to coexist in the same IT sector, but also the constant development in the electromagnetic environment [1] [3]. medical environment requires the use of this type of communication. In the medical field, there are many Quality shielding material are determined by three applications using wireless communication just for coefficients, KS shielding coefficient, absorption capturing and monitoring of the human body, the output coefficient A and a reflection coefficient R. With these data are collected as the human body. three factors closely related to the shielding effectiveness The wireless communication provides long-term SE. Shielding coefficient KS is determined by the electric monitoring activities of the human body even under field strength E, possibly based on the intensity of the severe conditions [2]. magnetic field H by the relation: We are exposed electromagnetic radiation everytime and everywhere. The increasing trend of volume of E2 H 2 (1) K S ; K S sources of electromagnetic radiation will still continue to E1 H1 increase. As an ordinary person we can not with our where E2 is electric field measured using the antenna senses perceive electromagnetic radiation. This mean that placed in the prescribed configuration within the human is so benevolent to potential threats. That is why it enclosure, E1 is electric field measured using the antenna is a topic of increasing sources of electromagnetic placed in the prescribed configuration in the absence of radiation and its impact on human body for the general the enclosure, H2 is magnetic field measured using the public so current. antenna placed in the prescribed configuration within the The opinions on this topic are different. On the one enclosure, H1 is magnetic field measured using the hand manufacturers of devices operating on the principle antenna placed in the prescribed configuration in the of electromagnetic field claiming that their funds are safe. absence of the enclosure And on the other stands the World Health Organization Shielding effectiveness SE is calculated using the which say opposite. The time of use of such devices is formula: relatively short. We can not say with certainty whether 1 H E these devices cause health risks or not. SE 20.log 20.log 1 20.log 1 dB (2) K H E Wide professional community more and more focused S 2 2 to resources of electromagnetic fields, their impact and the Formula varies for determining of the shielding effectiveness SE according to the frequency range. ISBN 978-80-553-1459-

 Measuring of Shielding Effectiveness of Wet ...

According to [4], the shielding effectiveness is determined 3. WORKPLACE FOR THE PURPOSE OF by the relationship: MEASURING SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS OF H V ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD SE 20.log 1 20.log 1 dB (3) H V 2 2 Block diagram for the purpose of measuring of For the frequency range from 50 Hz to 20 MHz and for shielding effectiveness SE of the electromagnetic field is the frequency range from 20 MHz to 300 MHz and also the shown in Fig.1 and view to the workplace for the purpose same applies to the frequency range 300 MHz to 100 GHz of measuring of the shielding effectiveness in Fig.1 and Fig.2. This workplace consists of a pulse generator

E1 P Agilent N5181A spectrum analyzer Agilent N9038A SE 20.log 10.log 1 dB (4) MXE EMI (Fig.2), the receiving antenna and transmitting E2 P2 antenna horn type (Fig.3). Measured object was placed at where H2, E2 is magnetic and electric field measured using the antenna placed in the prescribed configuration a distance of 30 cm from the transmitting antenna. The whole measurement was carried out in an anechoic within the enclosure, H1, E1 is magnetic and electric field measured using the antenna placed in the prescribed chamber at the Department of Electrical Power configuration in the absence of the enclosure, V is voltage Engineering of FEI TU and there is no extraneous 2 influence of electromagnetic field on the measurement. reading within the enclosure, V1 is voltage reading in the absence of the enclosure and P2 is power detected within the enclosure, P1 is power detected in absence of the enclosure. According to [5] shielding effectiveness is the sum of the reflection R, multiple reflection B and absorption A of electromagnetic field derived as [5]:

SE A R B (5)

. f 2t SE 15,4t 168,16 10log R 20log 1 e R

where t is material thickness, is conductivity of shielding material, R is permeability of shielding material, f is frequency, is depth of penetration. For simplicity, it is possible to determine the shielding effectiveness SE as:

SE A R (6) Fig. 1 The block diagram of measurement of shielding effectiveness t 1 SE 8,69. 20.log . 2 4 . r . 0 . . where is permeability which is included permeability of the shielding material, 0 is permittivity of vacuum. From equation (6) we can see, the relative permeability and relative conductivity affect shielding effectiveness SE [5]. Shielding effectiveness can be calculated according to the relations (7-10) if the value of the transmitted signal is set in logarithmic units.

SE E1 dB E2 dB (7)

SE H1 dB H 2 dB (8)

SE V1 dB V2 dB (9)

SE P dB P dB (10) 1 2

Formula (7), (8), (9), (10) is used according to the Fig. 2 View of the measuring instruments available measuring equipments.

ISBN 978-80-553-1459-4 2013

AEI Conference 2013 46

Fig. 4 Dependence of change shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic field on the time from 1 GHz to 6 GHz for Eterplan

Fig. 3 View of the measuring antennas

Measured object were fiber cement board facade Eterplan and exterior facade board Natura Pro. Thickness of the plates was 8 mm. Board size were 0.7 x 0.7 m. Shielding effectiveness was measured in the frequency range from 1 GHz to 13 GHz in steps of 1 GHz. The first step was measured electromagnetic fields dry plates in frequency from 1 GHz up to 13 GHz in steps of 1 GHz. After this measurement the plate sprayed volume of water corresponding with the rainfall 0.15 mm. The measurement was done at all frequencies with a time Fig. 5 Dependence of change shielding effectiveness of interval of 3 minutes after spraying. The time interval was electromagnetic field on the time from 7 GHz to 13 GHz for chosen so that the dependence of the electromagnetic field Eterplan was better measurable. The measurement was continued for 70 minutes, where board was dry. Shielding effectiveness was zero.

4. RESULTS

The change of the shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic field was calculated by equation (9). In Fig. 4 to 7 shows change of the shielding effectiveness in dependency on the time. Shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic field changes over time. The characteristic is decreasing. It is for reason, that the shielding effectiveness of the wet board is better like dry board. Shielding effectiveness decreases with a time.

Fig. 6 Dependence of change of shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic field on the time from 1 GHz to 6 GHz for Natura Pro ISBN 978-80-553-1459-

47 Measuring of Shielding Effectiveness of Wet ...

but Natura Pro board shadow better than Eterplan board in the range from 7 GHz to 13 GHz.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT This publication is the result of the Project implementation: Protection of the population of the Slovak Republic from the effects of electromagnetic fields, ITMS: 26220220145, Activity 2.1 supported by the Research & Development Operational Programme funded by the ERDF .

Fig. 7 Dependence of change of shielding effectiveness electromagnetic field on the time from 7 GHz to 13 GHz for Natura Pro

In Fig.8 we can see shielding effectiveness for Eterplan board and Natura Pro board in dependence of frequency. The measurement was done immediately after We support research activities in / Project is cofinanced from EU funds. sprayed. REFERENCES 6 [1] HABASH R.W.,- KREWSKI D., -BANSAL R.,- ALHAFID H.T., Principles, Aplications, Risk and 5 Eterplan Benefits of Therapeutic Hyperthermia, Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition), 3 (2011), 1169-1181 4 Natura Pro [2] PLAWIAK-MOWNA A., - KRAWCZYK A., Wireless Body Sensor Network-Fundamental 3 Concepts and Apalication, Przeglad Electrotechniczny, 12b/2012, 2012, s.267-268. 2 [3] RUSIECKI A., Calculation and measurements of shielding effectiveness of slotted enclosure with 1 built-in conductive stirrer, Przegland Elektrotechniczny, ISSN 0033-2097, R. 88 NR 0 10b/2012, s. 328-329. 0 5 10 15 Frequency [GHz] [4] IEEE Standart, Method for Measuring the Effectiveness of Electromagnetic Shielding Fig. 8 Dependence of shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic Enclosures, EMC Society, New York 2006, p.39. field on the frequency from 1 GHz to 13 GHz for Eterplan and Natura Pro [5] Pan Z., Zhang H., et al.: Advances of Studies on Electromagnetism Shielding Fabric, Science & 5. CONCLUSIONS Technology Review, 27(2009), 24, 86-91.

This paper was focused on the measurement of shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic field. Measured BIOGRAPHIES object was fiber cement board facade Eterplan and exterior facade board Natura Pro. Shielding effectiveness was born on 25.10.1985 and he is a Ph.D. was measured in the frequency range from 1 GHz to student at the Department of Electric Power Engineering 13 on the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics sprayed by water. Shielding effectiveness was measured at . He received a master the gradual drying out. degree in electric power engineering. His scientific research is mainly focused on research of reflection , The results show shielding effectiveness decreases penetration and absorption of electromagnetic waves in with gradual drying out. According to results Natura Pro layered materials. board shade better than Eterplan board. Both shadow similarly in the range frequency from 1 GHz to 6 GHz, was born in Kotlas, Russia, in 1955. She graduated from the Department of High Voltage

ISBN 978-80-553-1459-4 2013

AEI Conference 2013 48

Engineering, the Faculty of Power Engineering at the Since 1991 he has been working as a senior scientist at Moscow Power Engineering Institute in 1979. She Department of Power Engineering, Technical University received the PhD degree from Slovak Technical interests are University in Bratislava in 1993. She became a Professor research of partial discharge phenomena and diagnostics of Electric Power Engineering at the Faculty of Electrical of high voltage equipments. Engineering and Informatics at the Technical University of Kosice in 2009. Since 1979 she has been working at the was born He received Technical University, first as a research worker in High the Ing and PhD in electrical engineering from Faculty of Voltage Laboratory, then as a teacher at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University in High Voltage Engineering. She deals with degradation of 1983 and 2002. He is an associate professor at the insulating materials and measuring of partial discharges in Department of Electric Power Engineeringt at Technical high voltage equipment. She is lecturing on Diagnostics of High Voltage Equipments and High Voltage Engineering. in electric power engineering and power system control.

Michal Kolcun was born in 1954 in Ruska Vola nad M is an assistant professor at the Popradom. In 1979 he graduated at the Faculty of Electric Department of Electric Power Engineeringt at Technical Power Engineering of the Moscow Power Engineering - Institute. In 1989 he defended his PhD on the same heat processes and optimization of heating equipment. institute in Moscow. In 1993 he habilitated to associated Nowadays, he deals with the computer modelling of professor at the department of Electric Power Engineering thermal and electromagnetic fields using numerical on the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics methods and with the computer modelling of electrical system elements to professor, in the field of Power Engineering and Energetics, at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Michal Kolcun was born in 1954 in Ruska Vola nad Popradom. In 1979 he graduated at the Faculty of Electric Power Engineering of the Moscow Power Engineering , . Since June, 2012 he is Doctor Institute. In 1989 he defended his PhD on the same Honoris Causa from Politechnika Czestochowa, . institute in Moscow. In 1993 he habilitated to associated Since 1979 he is working at the Department of Electric professor at the department of Electric Power Engineering Power Engineering on the Faculty of Electrical on the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Engineering and Informatics at Technical University in ice. In 2000 he inaugurate to professor, in the field of Power Engineering and system control and computer application in electric power Energetics, at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and engineering. In addition, he also gives lectures in multiple foreign universities in Moscow, Sankt Peterburg, Czestochowa, Zelona Gorza, Budapest, Riga, Tallinn, Budapest, Hungary. Since June, 2012 he is Doctor Varna, Prague, Ostrava and Barcelona. Honoris Causa from Politechnika Czestochowa, Poland. Since 1979 he is working at the Department of Electric was born was born Power Engineering on the Faculty of Electrical Republic) in 1967. He received the Ing (MSc) in electrical Engineering and Informatics at Technical University in engineering and Dr in electrical engineering and high scientific research is focusing on a power voltage technique from Faculty of Electrical Engineering, system control and computer application in electric power engineering. In addition, he also gives lectures in multiple respectively. Until 2005 he worked as a Senior Scientist, foreign universities in Moscow, Sankt Peterburg, currently as a teaching professional at the Department of Czestochowa, Zelona Gorza, Budapest, Riga, Tallinn, Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of electrical Varna, Prague, Ostrava and Barcelona. engineering and informatics, Technical University of ational is a Ph.D. student at the Department of activities are overvoltage, overvoltage protection, Electric Power Engineering on the Faculty of Electrical computer aided simulation, accelerated ageing tests and Engineering and Informatics at Technical University in electromagnetic compatibility. ic power engineering. His scientific research is mainly focused on modelling the distribution of electromagnetic field in He received the the M.Sc. degree from the Technical inhomogeneous material environment. Univ

ISBN 978-80-553-1459-