DOCSLIB.ORG

Using Amphipods As Bioindicators of Metal Pollution in the Marine Environment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Using Amphipods As Bioindicators of Metal Pollution in the Marine Environment Using amphipods as bioindicators of metal pollution in the marine environment Monique Francis Holmes A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science in Marine Biology. Victoria University May 2019 0 1 Acknowledgments Completion of this thesis was possible due to support from my supervisors, technical staff, family and friends. I would especially like to thank my supervisors; Nicole Phillips, Rachael Peart and Monica Handler. This thesis would not have been possible without funding from the MBIE Smart Ideas grant – ‘Crustaceans as indicators of Marine Environmental Change’. To Nicole, thank you for all your encouragement, support and advice, without it I would not have made it this far. To Rachael, thank you for inspiring a passion within me for amphipods I did not know I had, as well as your support and feedback throughout this process. To Monica, thank you for support, feedback and taking your time to help me understand geochemistry concepts. I owe thanks to all the technical staff at VUCEL and VUW who helped with my laboratory components and data output. To my family, words cannot express the gratitude I have for you. Thank for you listening to me, encouraging me and believing in me. To my dad, thank you for over engineering my light traps and the thorough proof reading. To my sister Gabrielle, thank you for your patience and your proofreading. To my friend’s, thanks for pretending to be interested in amphipods. To Liana thanks for sharing this experience with me and to Megan a massive thank you for your proofreading. And lastly to all the amphipods that I loved and lost. Thank you, this thesis would not have been possible without you. 1 2 Abstract Heavy metals in the marine environment are a worldwide issue due to their toxicity, non- biodegradability and their ability to accumulate and magnify in organisms. Increased human activity has caused higher inputs of heavy metals, resulting in escalated pressures on delicate coastal ecosystems. A means of assessing the natural environment and how it is changing in response to pollution and other environmental degradation is through the use of biological indicator or biomonitor species. These organisms provide information on the bioavailability of metals present in the environment. In recent years amphipods, a diverse order of small crustaceans, have been increasingly used as bioindicators of disturbed aquatic communities. They are widespread and important components of many food webs, and likely to be frequently exposed to metal contamination through both sediment and seawater. The aim of this research was two-fold: 1) to use amphipods to examine variation across sites and species in concentration of 20+ trace elements and 2) to examine whether the uptake of two metals, copper (Cu) and neodymium (Nd), is mediated by the presence of the other metal or an elevated seawater temperature. To investigate variation of trace element concentrations across sites, the amphipod Eusiroides monoculoides was collected from three sites in the Wellington region, approximately 5 km apart: Oriental Bay, Evans Bay and Point Halswell. To investigate differences amongst species comparisons were made between Eusiroides monoculoides, Apohyale papanuiensis and Sunamphitoe mixtura when they occurred at the same site. Analysing the trace element concentrations of 36 metals was done using an Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometer (ICPMS). Overall, although these sites were not greatly distant from each other, there were differences among sites. Evans Bay in general had the highest concentration of trace elements. Further, there were also species-specific differences and S. mixtura was the species with the highest concentration of trace elements. There was also a size effect, where the average dry weight of S. mixtura was negatively related to the concentration of trace elements in the body. To assess the effects of heavy metals Cu and Nd in both an ambient (14 °C) and elevated (20 °C) temperature, an experiment was run at Victoria University’s Coastal Ecology Lab (VUCEL). Sand hoppers, Bellorchestia quoyana, were collected from a single site in Wellington (Scorching Bay) and assigned to eight treatments: ambient and warm controls in raw seawater and ambient and warm seawater doped with Cu, Nd and Cu and Nd together. Amphipods from treatments with Cu and Nd added had significantly higher concentrations of these metals from the controls, however temperature had no effect, and neither was there an interaction between the metals. Similar to 3 S. mixtura from the field study, dry weight of B. quoyana was negatively related to the concentration of trace elements in the body. Results from this work demonstrate that when using amphipods as bioindicator species it is important to consider species and size specific effects. This thesis also provides baseline data for 20+ elements from three Wellington sites and demonstrates that there can be unexpected variation across relatively small spatial scales. The laboratory experiment did not yield results that coincided with the consensus of the literature. The experiment showed that at least in this case, temperature did not mediate the uptake of metals and there was a negative relationship between size and metal uptake. 4 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... 7 List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... 9 1 General Introduction ............................................................................................................... 11 Metals in coastal environments ............................................................................................... 11 Amphipods in the marine environment .................................................................................. 13 Direct impact of metal contamination on amphipod health ................................................... 14 Heavy metals in organisms: bioaccumulation ......................................................................... 15 Amphipods as bioindicators of contamination ........................................................................ 16 Cultural importance of the marine environment .................................................................... 17 Conclusion and research aims ................................................................................................. 17 2 Trace element analysis of species from three families of amphipod around the Wellington coastline. .................................................................................................................................. 19 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 19 2.2 Methods ........................................................................................................................ 23 Sampling from the field .................................................................................... 23 Processing samples ........................................................................................... 25 Statistical analysis ............................................................................................. 27 2.3 Results ........................................................................................................................... 29 Composition of species collected ..................................................................... 29 Trace elements analysed .................................................................................. 31 Comparison of trace elements analysed for E. monoculoides at three sites .... 35 Comparison of species occurring at the same site ........................................... 38 Comparison of trace elements across three species. ....................................... 41 Seawater and seaweed trace element analyses ............................................... 44 2.3.7 Comparison between amphipods and seaweed collected across study sites ... 46 Size relationship ................................................................................................ 52 2.4 Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 55 3 Bioaccumulation of trace elements, copper and neodymium by sand hoppers, Bellorchestia quoyana (Milne-Edwards, 1840) at different seawater temperatures. .................................. 59 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 59 3.2 Methods ........................................................................................................................ 63 Laboratory experiment ..................................................................................... 63 Experiment process........................................................................................... 64 5 Processing samples
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Differential Impacts of Shared Parasites on Fitness Components Among Competing Hosts
    Received: 23 November 2016 | Revised: 13 April 2017 | Accepted: 19 April 2017 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3062 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Differential impacts of shared parasites on fitness components among competing hosts Olwyn C. Friesen | Robert Poulin | Clément Lagrue Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Abstract Effects of parasites on individual hosts can eventually translate to impacts on host Correspondence Olwyn C. Friesen, Department of Zoology, communities. In particular, parasitism can differentially affect host fitness among sym- University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. patric and interacting host species. We examined whether the impact of shared para- Email: [email protected] sites varied among host species within the same community. Specifically, we looked at Funding information the impacts of the acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus galaxii, the trematodes Department of Zoology, University of Otago Coitocaecum parvum and Maritrema poulini, and the nematode Hedruris spinigera, on three host species: the amphipods, Paracalliope fluviatilis and Paracorophium excava- tum, and the isopod, Austridotea annectens. We assessed parasite infection levels in the three host species and tested for effects on host survival, behavior, probability of pairing, and fecundity. Maritrema poulini and C. parvum were most abundant in P. exca- vatum but had no effect on its survival, whereas they negatively affected the survival of P. fluviatilis, the other amphipod. Female amphipods carrying young had higher M. poulini and C. parvum abundance than those without, yet the number of young car- ried was not linked to parasite abundance. Behavior of the isopod A. annectens was affected by M. poulini infection; more heavily infected individuals were more active. Paracorophium excavatum moved longer distances when abundance of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecotoxicology of Estuarine Amphipod Paracorophium Excavatum
    E icolo fEstua ·ne Amphipod Paracorophium excavatum A thesis Submitted in partial fulfilment the requirements for Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science at The University of Canterbury by Carol Wong Hee Ting University of Canterbury 1999 ABSTRACT The estuarine tube dwelling amphipod Paracorophium excavatum was investigated for its suitability as a bio-indicator and bio-monitor. Distribution patterns of P. excavatum were determined at 13 sites in the Canterbury region that differed in particle size distribution ranging from sandy to muddy sediment, with overall10w organic content. Low tide salinity ranged from 5 to 33 0/00 between sites and sediment moisture content ranged between 23 to 41 % moisture. Amphipods were absent from most sites within the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. The availability, life history and fecundity of P. excavatum were compared from intertidal mudflat sites in Brooklands Lagoon and Kairaki over a period of thirteen months. Four sediment core samples were collected at monthly intervals and P. excavatum IS population structure and life history pattern studied. The life history til· <: of P. excavatum can be characterised bY fast-growing, annual, iteroporous, bivoltine, females ovigerous throughout the year and thelygenous (female biased) population. P. excavatum showed relative consistency in abundance throughout the year with monthly densities ranging from 875.79 per 0.1 m-2 (July) to 1754.77 per 0.1 m-2 (December) at Brooklands Lagoon and 1031.83 per 0.1 m2 (November) to 1780.24 per 0.1 m2 (December) at Kairaki. There was a linear relationship between numbers of eggs per female and female length.
    [Show full text]
  • Are Parasite Richness and Abundance Linked to Prey Species Richness and Individual Feeding Preferences in fish Hosts?
    75 Are parasite richness and abundance linked to prey species richness and individual feeding preferences in fish hosts? ALYSSA R. CIRTWILL1, DANIEL B. STOUFFER1, ROBERT POULIN2 and CLÉMENT LAGRUE2* 1 Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand 2 Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand (Received 1 July 2015; revised 8 October 2015; accepted 9 October 2015; first published online 17 November 2015) SUMMARY Variations in levels of parasitism among individuals in a population of hosts underpin the importance of parasites as an evolutionary or ecological force. Factors influencing parasite richness (number of parasite species) and load (abundance and biomass) at the individual host level ultimately form the basis of parasite infection patterns. In fish, diet range (number of prey taxa consumed) and prey selectivity (proportion of a particular prey taxon in the diet) have been shown to influence parasite infection levels. However, fish diet is most often characterized at the species or fish population level, thus ignoring variation among conspecific individuals and its potential effects on infection patterns among indivi- duals. Here, we examined parasite infections and stomach contents of New Zealand freshwater fish at the individual level. We tested for potential links between the richness, abundance and biomass of helminth parasites and the diet range and prey selectivity of individual fish hosts. There was no obvious link between individual fish host diet and hel- minth infection levels. Our results were consistent across multiple fish host and parasite species and contrast with those of earlier studies in which fish diet and parasite infection were linked, hinting at a true disconnect between host diet and measures of parasite infections in our study systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Ecological Studies on Continental Shelf Benthos and Sea Ice Fauna in the Southwestern Beaufort Sea
    SELECTED ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON CONTINENTAL SHELF BENTHOS AND SEA ICE FAUNA IN THE SOUTHWESTERN BEAUFORT SEA by Andrew G. Carey, Jr. with M. A. Boudrias, J. C. Kern, and R. E. Ruff College of Oceanography Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Final Report Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program Research Unit 6 31 May 1984 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. Summary of Objectives, Conclusions, and Implications With Respect to OCS Oil and Gas Development . 5 A. Objectives , . 5 B. Conclusions. 5 c. Implications . , . 6 II. Introduction . 7 A. General Nature and Scope of Study . 7 B. Specific Objectives. 8 1. Benthic continental shelf fauna: cross-shelf trends . 8 2. Ice fauna (Narwhal Island): temporal changes . 9 3. Particle flux. 9 4. Voucher collections . 9 c. Relevance to Problems of Petroleum Development . 9 1. Cross-shelf trends . .. 9 2. Ice fauna. 10 3. Particle flux. 10 D. Acknowledgments. 11 III. Current State of Knowledge . 12 A. BenthicFauna. 12 B. Ice Fauna. 12 c. Particle Flux. 14 IV. Study Area . 16 v. Sources, Rationale, and Methods of Data Collection . 18 A. Sources and Rationale . 18 1. Benthic continental shelf fauna . 18 2. Ice fauna (Narwhal Island). 18 3. Particle flux. 18 B. Field and Laboratory Methodology . 18 1. Benthic continental shelf fauna . 18 2. Ice fauna (Narwhal Island). 20 3. Particle flux (Narwhal Island). 22 4. Environmental data (Narwhal Island) . 24 VI. Results. 25 A. Benthic Continental Shelf Fauna: Cross-shelf Trends . 25 B. Ice Fauna (Narwhal Island). 36 1. Ice meiofauna. 36 2. Ice macrofauna . 40 c. Particle Flux to Sediments (Narwhal Island) .
    [Show full text]
  • Greater Amphipod Diversity Associated with Environmental Heterogeneity in Deep-Sea Habitats……………………………………………………………
    http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/ Research Commons at the University of Waikato Copyright Statement: The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). The thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author’s right to be identified as the author of the thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. You will obtain the author’s permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Diversity of New Zealand Deep-sea Amphipoda A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Waikato by MATTHEW ANDREW KNOX 2012 i ABSTRACT Biodiversity and the ecological and evolutionary processes which influence faunal distributions are poorly understood in deep-sea habitats. This thesis assesses diversity of deep-sea amphipod crustaceans at three taxonomic levels (family, species, genetic) on continental margins of New Zealand relative to environmental variables. Sampling was undertaken at 20 stations located on Chatham Rise and Challenger Plateau, two major geomorphic features with contrasting environmental conditions. In Chapter 1, total diversity of the >12,500 amphipods assessed at the family-level revealed high abundance (range: 44 – 2074 individuals 1000 m-2) and taxonomic richness (27 families). Amphipod assemblages at all stations were largely dominated by the same families.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Genetic Structure of New Zealand's Endemic Corophiid
    Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKBIJBiological Journal of the Linnean Society0024-4066The Linnean Society of London, 2003? 2003 811 119133 Original Article POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE OF NEW ZEALAND AQUATIC AMPHIPODS M. I. STEVENS and I. D. HOGG Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 81, 119–133. With 3 figures Population genetic structure of New Zealand’s endemic corophiid amphipods: evidence for allopatric speciation MARK I. STEVENS* and IAN D. HOGG Centre for Biodiversity and Ecology Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand Received 2 January 2003; accepted for publication 28 July 2003 Allozyme electrophoresis was used to examine population genetic structure at inter- and intraspecific levels for the New Zealand endemic corophiid amphipods, Paracorophium lucasi and P. excavatum. Individuals were collected from estuarine and freshwater habitats from North, South and Chatham Islands. Analyses of genetic structure among interspecific populations indicated clear allelic differentiation between the two Paracorophium species (Nei’s genetic distance, D = 1.62), as well as considerable intraspecific substructuring (D = 0.15–0.65). These levels of diver- gence are similar to interspecific levels for other amphipods and it is proposed that at least two groups from the P. lucasi complex and three from the P. excavatum complex correspond to sibling species. In most cases allopatry can account for the differentiation among the putative sibling species. For populations that share a common coastline we found low levels of differentiation and little or no correlation with geographical distance, suggesting that gene flow is adequate to maintain homogeneous population genetic structure. By contrast, populations on separate coastlines (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphipod Newsletter 23
    −1− NEW AMPHIPOD TAXA IN AMPHIPOD NEWSLETTER 23 Wim Vader, XII-2001 All references are to papers found in the bibliography in AN 23 A. Alphabetic list of new taxa 1. New subfamilies Andaniexinae Berge & Vader 2001 Stegocephalidae AndaniopsinaeBerge & Vader 2001 Stegocephalidae Bathystegocephalinae Berge & Vader 2001 Stegocephalidae Parandaniinae Berge & Vader 2001 Stegocephalidae 2. New genera Alania Berge & Vader 2001 Stegocephalidae Apolochus Hoover & Bousfield 2001 Amphilochidae Austrocephaloides Berge & Vader 2001 Stegocephalidae Austrophippsia Berge & Vader 2001 Stegocephalidae Bouscephalus Berge & Vader 2001 Stegocephalidae Exhyalella (rev.)(Lazo-Wasem & Gable 2001) Hyalellidae Gordania Berge & Vader 2001 Stegocephalidae Hourstonius Hoover & Bousfield 2001 Amphilochidae Marinohyalella Lazo-Wasem & Gable 2001 Hyalellidae Mediterexis Berge & Vader 2001 Stegocephalidae Metandania (rev.) (Berge 2001) Stegocephalidae Miramarassa Ortiz, Lalana & Lio 1999 Aristiidae Othomaera Krapp-Schickel, 2001 Melitidae Parafoxiphalus Alonso de Pina 2001 Phoxocephalidae Pseudo Berge & Vader 2001 Stegocephalidae Schellenbergia Berge & Vader 2001 Stegocephalidae Stegomorphia Berge & Vader 2001 Stegocephalidae Stegonomadia Berge & Vader 2001 Stegocephalidae Zygomaera Krapp-Schickel 2001 Melitidae 3. New species and subspecies abei (Anonyx) Takakawa & Ishimaru 2001 Uristidae abyssorum (rev.) (Andaniotes) (Berge 2001 ) Stegocephalidae −2− africana (Andaniopsis) Berge, Vader & Galan 2001 Stegocephalidae amchitkana (Anisogammarus) Bousfield 2001 Anisogammaridae
    [Show full text]
  • Parasites Shape Community Structure and Dynamics in Freshwater Crustaceans Cambridge.Org/Par
    Parasitology Parasites shape community structure and dynamics in freshwater crustaceans cambridge.org/par Olwyn C. Friesen1 , Sarah Goellner2 , Robert Poulin1 and Clément Lagrue1,3 1 2 Research Article Department of Zoology, 340 Great King St, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany 3 Cite this article: Friesen OC, Goellner S, and Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405, Biological Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Poulin R, Lagrue C (2020). Parasites shape Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada community structure and dynamics in freshwater crustaceans. Parasitology 147, Abstract 182–193. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0031182019001483 Parasites directly and indirectly influence the important interactions among hosts such as competition and predation through modifications of behaviour, reproduction and survival. Received: 24 June 2019 Such impacts can affect local biodiversity, relative abundance of host species and structuring Revised: 27 September 2019 Accepted: 27 September 2019 of communities and ecosystems. Despite having a firm theoretical basis for the potential First published online: 4 November 2019 effects of parasites on ecosystems, there is a scarcity of experimental data to validate these hypotheses, making our inferences about this topic more circumstantial. To quantitatively Key words: test parasites’ role in structuring host communities, we set up a controlled, multigenerational Host community; parasites; population dynamics; species composition mesocosm experiment involving four sympatric freshwater crustacean species that share up to four parasite species. Mesocosms were assigned to either of two different treatments, low or Author for correspondence: high parasite exposure. We found that the trematode Maritrema poulini differentially influ- Olwyn C.
    [Show full text]
  • Hutt Estuary Fine Scale Monitoring 2016/17
    Wriggle coastalmanagement Hutt Estuary Fine Scale Monitoring 2016/17 Prepared for Greater Wellington Regional Council May 2017 Cover Photo: Collecting samples from Hutt Estuary Site A, 2017. Photo credit: Megan Oliver Hutt Estuary intertidal flats near the Te Mome Stream mouth 2017 Hutt Estuary Fine Scale Monitoring 2016/17 Prepared for Greater Wellington Regional Council by Barry Robertson and Leigh Stevens Wriggle Limited, PO Box 1622, Nelson 7040, Ph 0275 417 935, 021 417 936, www.wriggle.co.nz Wriggle coastalmanagement iii RECOMMENDED CITATION: Robertson, B.M. and Stevens, L.M. 2017. Hutt Estuary: Fine Scale Monitoring 2016/17. Report prepared by Wriggle Coastal Manage- ment for Greater Wellington Regional Council. 34p. Contents Hutt Estuary - Executive Summary ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������vii 1. Introduction . 1 2. Estuary Risk Indicator Ratings ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 4 3. Methods . 5 4. Results and Discussion . 8 5. Summary and Conclusions . 24 6. Monitoring and Management ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������24 7. Acknowledgements . 25 8. References . 26 Appendix 1. Details on Analytical Methods ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������28
    [Show full text]
  • Low Diversity of Spongicolous Amphipoda (Crustacea) Observed in the Antarctic Autumn
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Org. Divers. Evol. 1, 133–138 (2001) © Urban & Fischer Verlag http://www.urbanfischer.de/journals/ode Low diversity of spongicolous Amphipoda (Crustacea) observed in the Antarctic autumn Anne-Nina Lörz* Zoological Institute and Zoological Museum, Hamburg Received 27 October 2000 · Accepted 4 February 2001 Abstract Sponges represent a major component of the Antarctic zoobenthos.They are known to act as hosts for several invertebrates. In the present in- vestigation a total of 1193 specimens of Amphipoda living in the sponge tissue of three species of Demospongiae were observed.The sponges were collected in the Weddell Sea and at the Antarctic Peninsula in April, during the Antarctic autumn 2000. The population density, species richness, composition, and reproductive biology of the spongicolous Amphipoda was studied. More than 40 individuals were collected per 1000 cm3 sponge tissue. Females of all species had eggs or embryos in their marsupia. Interestingly, their young will be released – even though most of the studied species are filter feeders – in the Antarctic autumn and winter. Spongicolous inquiline Amphipoda may therefore not be in- fluenced by the seasons as much as their free living relatives. Key words: Amphipoda,Antarctica, Demospongiae, reproduction, seasonality, symbiosis Introduction Material and methods Sponges are the major component of many Antarctic During the cruise ANT XVII-3 of RV “Polarstern” several benthic communities (Barthel & Gutt, 1992; McClin- sponges and sponge pieces were collected in April 2000 by tock, 1987; Cattaneo-Vietti et al., 1999). Several means of a bottom trawl.
    [Show full text]
  • Sympagic Occurrence of Eusirid and Lysianassoid Amphipods Under Antarctic Pack Ice
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Deep-Sea Research II 55 (2008) 1015–1023 www.elsevier.com/locate/dsr2 Sympagic occurrence of Eusirid and Lysianassoid amphipods under Antarctic pack ice Rupert H. Krappa,b,Ã,1, Jørgen Bergeb, Hauke Floresc,d, Bjørn Gulliksenb,e, Iris Wernera aInstitute for Polar Ecology, University of Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, Building 12, 24148 Kiel, Germany bUniversity Center in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway cIMARES Wageningen, P.O. Box 167, 1790 AD Den Burg, The Netherlands dCenter for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, Groningen University, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands eNorwegian College of Fishery Sciences, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway Accepted 24 December 2007 Available online 5 May 2008 Abstract During three Antarctic expeditions (2004, ANT XXI-4 and XXII-2; 2006, ANT XXIII-6) with the German research icebreaker R/V Polarstern, six different amphipod species were recorded under the pack ice of the Weddell Sea and the Lazarev Sea. These cruises covered Austral autumn (April), summer (December) and winter (August) situations, respectively. Five of the amphipod species recorded here belong to the family Eusiridae (Eusirus antarcticus, E. laticarpus, E. microps, E. perdentatus and E. tridentatus), while the last belongs to the Lysianassidea, genus Cheirimedon (cf. femoratus). Sampling was performed by a specially designed under-ice trawl in the Lazarev Sea, whereas in the Weddell Sea sampling was done by scuba divers and deployment of baited traps. In the Weddell Sea, individuals of E. antarcticus and E. tridentatus were repeatedly observed in situ during under-ice dives, and single individuals were even found in the infiltration layer.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantitative Distribution and Functional Groups of Intertidal Macrofaunal
    Marine Pollution Bulletin xxx (2015) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Pollution Bulletin journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marpolbul Baseline Quantitative distribution and functional groups of intertidal macrofaunal assemblages in Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Southern Ocean ⇑ Xiaoshou Liu a, , Lu Wang a, Shuai Li a, Yuanzi Huo b, Peimin He b, Zhinan Zhang a a College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China b College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China article info abstract Article history: To evaluate spatial distribution pattern of intertidal macrofauna, quantitative investigation was Received 19 May 2015 performed in January to February, 2013 around Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Revised 21 July 2015 Islands. A total of 34 species were identified, which were dominated by Mollusca, Annelida and Accepted 23 July 2015 Arthropoda. CLUSTER analysis showed that macrofaunal assemblages at sand-bottom sites belonged to Available online xxxx one group, which was dominated by Lumbricillus sp. and Kidderia subquadrata. Macrofaunal assemblages at gravel-bottom sites were divided into three groups while Nacella concinna was the dominant species at Keywords: most sites. The highest values of biomass and Shannon–Wiener diversity index were found in gravel Macrofauna sediment and the highest value of abundance was in sand sediment of eastern coast. In terms of func- Intertidal sediment Biodiversity tional group, detritivorous and planktophagous groups had the highest values of abundance and biomass, Functional group respectively. Correlation analysis showed that macrofaunal abundance and biomass had significant Fildes Peninsula positive correlations with contents of sediment chlorophyll a, phaeophorbide and organic matter.
    [Show full text]