The US Navy Japanese/Oriental Language School Archival Project The Interpreter Archives, University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries Number 178 Remember September 11, 2001 [email protected] December 1, 2012

Our Mission

In the Spring of 2000, the Archives continued the origi- nal efforts of Captain Roger Pineau and William Hudson, and the Archives first at- tempts in 1992, to gather the papers, letters, photographs, and records of graduates of the US Navy Japanese/ Oriental Language School, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1942-1946. We assemble these papers in recognition of the contribu- tions made by JLS/OLS instructors and graduates to the War effort in the Pacific and the Cold War, to the creation of East Asian language programs across Ensign Lionel Casson, amusing the dignitaries on the dais, R. Pineau Collection, 6-4-1-30J. the country, and to the development of Japanese- the earthenware freight hundreds of oarsmen and Dr. Casson also published American cultural rec- containers of antiquity that warriors. The Athenian trireme, “Libraries in the Ancient World” onciliation programs after carried products like honey, for example, was a war (Yale University Press, 2001). World War II. olive oil, wine, frankincense and with 170 oars arranged in three By piecing together findings myrrh from port to port. banks; rowing was synchronized from archaeological digs, Lionel Casson Markings preserved on many to the piping of a flutist. references from literary texts and Who Wrote of Ancient amphorae identified not only the “A trireme could sprint at a even epitaphs relating to point of embarkation but the year seven-knot speed or spin about libraries, he offered a succinct and the month. in little more than its own view of the development of Dies at 94 Dr. Casson, a professor of length,” the book says. “Despite reading, writing and book

Lionel Casson, who melded his at its size and power, it was light collecting in Mesopotamia, mastery of classical literature from 1961 to 1979, wrote 23 and shallow enough for the crew Greece and the Roman Empire. with the findings of underwater books on Greek and Latin to run it up on a beach” so crew He sprinkled the book with archaeology in scholarly but literature and the maritime members could cook, eat and amusing asides, including all- accessible books about the history of the ancient Western sleep on shore. time best-seller-list assessments. history of ancient seafaring, from world. But there were even larger “ led by a wide margin, the primitive dory to the vast In one of his best-known ships in the ancient world, the with the ‘’ favored over the armadas of the Roman Empire, works, “The Ancient Mariners: “supergalleys” built by Egyptian ‘,’” he wrote. died July 18 in . He Seafarers and Sea Fighters of the pharaohs and their Macedonian In 2005, Dr. Casson received was 94. Mediterranean in Ancient rivals. One, built by Ptolemy IV, the Gold Medal Award for The cause was pneumonia, Times” (Macmillan, 1959), he Dr. Casson wrote, “was over 400 Distinguished Archaeological his daughter Andrea Casson said. wrote of the Egyptians, Minoans, feet long and 50 feet wide; the Achievement from the Drawing from an array of Mycenaeans, Phoenicians, figureheads on the prow and Archaeological Institute of sources — the writings of the Greeks and Romans and how stern towered more than 70 feet America. historian and the they ventured from timid above the water, and there were Born in on July 22, speeches of ; cargo voyages hugging the coasts to no less than 4,000 rowers 1914, Lionel I. Cohen (he later manifests kept by unknown bold dashes across open seas. manning its benches.” changed his name to Casson) captains; images of ships on He described how maritime Dr. Casson did not limit was one of two sons of Abraham sculptures; the dating and typing commerce progressed from himself to ancient maritime and Bess Cohen. His father of timbers taken from sunken nearby exchanges to an history. His 1964 book owned a lumberyard. vessels — Dr. Casson’s integrated network stretching “Illustrated History of Ships and Besides his daughter Andrea, gracefully written books traced from the Mediterranean and Boats” (Doubleday) traces water he is survived by his wife of 63 the trade routes that bound the Aegean Seas to shores as distant travel from the days when men years, the former Julia ancient world and described the as Britain and . With floated across a river on an Michelman; another daughter, early evolution of shipbuilding commerce and politics inflated animal skin to the days Gail Casson; and two and naval warfare. fomenting rivalries, warships of steel-skinned nuclear grandchildren. A particularly useful source evolved from flat-bottomed submarines. Dr. Casson received his for Dr. Casson were amphorae, rowboats into leviathans bearing bachelor’s degree in 1934, his [Ed. Note: I just had to include the In March 1946, we made help. Those who came to work shot of valedictorian, Lionel Casson, preparations for our return home. for me included a pastor, a causing CPT Welch, President Part of our preparation included seminarian, three future Stearns, Florence Walne, and others purchasing a homemade wooden landscape architects, two to crack up on the stage. The only nd way you can really see the image box trailer. We attached this veterans of the 442 , and others. was to have it enlarged considerably. trailer to our old 1937 Plymouth We were all in similar situations We provided a copy of this image to car, and this was how our family of just starting out after the war. the Casson family.] returned to Oakland. There were We often survived on peanut ______five of us: my dad, Ida, our two butter and jelly sandwiches that children and I. David was two- got us through those early days. Memoirs and-a-half years old; Stanley was We did not know until years later four months old. Mother was in when one person who helped me Of Ari Inouye Salt Lake City, Utah, at the time. remarked that those peanut butter

(Cont’d) My father called All the belongings we needed – sandwiches were the only things Boulder “paradise” after the all the baby things and whatever he had each day. Our income experience of living behind we could possibly take – were was such that it was a time of barbed wire and guard towers loaded onto our trailer. Our feast or famine for the family, New York University located in the Sevier Desert of furniture and other belongings not only for us, but for many. Lionel Casson Utah; this new experience must had to be packed and made ready While in private practice, I

have indeed seemed like paradise for the Navy to ship back to us in also worked with Howard master’s degree in 1936 and his to my parents. We were very Oakland. Under these Gilkey, a landscape architect doctorate in 1939, all from New happy to get them out of camp circumstances, none of us really who had a private practice and York University, and was hired and to see them enjoying their wanted to leave Boulder, but we was a Master Designer of the as an instructor at N.Y.U. In freedom once again. were fortunate to have a home to Oakland Home and Garden World War II, he attended the My brother, Michinori, was in which we could return. Many did Show. In those days, the US Navy Japanese/Oriental the armed service at the time and not. Oakland Garden Show was an Language School at the was stationed at an Army Making a fresh start and annual show. It was a spectacular University of Colorado, was hospital in Fort Worth, making a living for the family show of beautiful gardens valedictorian of his class, and Cheyenne, Wyoming. He came was not an easy task. Feelings designed by some of the leading served as a Navy Japanese to visit us every other weekend against the Japanese were still landscape architects. As the Language Officer, interrogating on weekend passes. We were so very strong. I’ll never forget the Master Designer, he created the Japanese prisoners of war. fortunate that this was possible time when my father, ill as he entire show around a central Andrea Casson said that when in spite of wartime conditions. was, helped me cut weeds in a theme. One year it would be her father was a teenager, he and vacant lot. We were paid for this; Giant Redwoods, or Sequoias, a friend bought a small sailboat it was the new beginning of the Giant Ferns, and the and soon began plying the waters making a living for the family. Waterfalls that roared down from of . In 1952, A fellow landscape architect I the ceiling to the floor. There while teaching at N.Y.U., he had known since high school would be rhododendrons, received a Guggenheim called me and offered me the use azaleas, orchids and anthuriums. Fellowship. It allowed him to of the office he was renting. He All the participating entries study ancient maritime was willing to leave all of his would plan their entire gardens commerce and spend a year equipment for me since he was around the central theme. A examining the site of every offered the position of State person could only minimally important ancient harbor on the Landscape Architect and was appreciate the grandeur of the European coast of the moving to Sacramento. Another garden until they attended one of Mediterranean and most of those old high school friend, Kirk these shows. (to be cont’d) on the coasts of Asia and Africa. Hayes, offered financial help in The majesty of masts and Ari Inouye order to get started in business. I USN JLS Sensei billowing sails enraptured him was indeed grateful for their 1942-1946 throughout his life. When ______kindness and help. replicas of the Niña, Pinta and I now had this nice office in The Reminiscences Santa Maria made their way Montclair, but soon discovered I of Donald Sigurdson Willis below the towers of the “Inouye’s”, Detail, Yomoto would have very few clients, Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in [Donald S. Willis passed in 2009. Collection, 01_02_00_16, although there was a lot of work July 1992, in observance of the This is an excerpt of a longer Archives, UCB Libraries. to be had in the post-war 500th anniversary of Columbus’s building boom. The local memoir.] discovery of America, Dr. On November 5, 1945, our nurseries were happy to sell their The US Naval Japanese Casson was standing on the second son, Stanley, was born. plants to me but were not willing Language School (1942-43) shore of New York Harbor. About the same time, the to recommend me to clients that “They looked fine, until they Boulder Naval Language School asked for garden design. Because [Cont’d, at Boulder] The battle dropped their sails,” he said. was being phased out and the of this, I obtained a California for Guadalcanal was raging (and “Then they kept on moving, and teachers were gradually being Landscape Contractors license. we got word of our first language you realized they had motor dismissed. I was one of the This enabled me to do design officer casualty, named Holtom power.” teachers who was being retained; work and installation according [The Pearl Harbor trained By Dennis Hevesi many of the other instructors had to plan. Marine was KIA on Makin New York Times already gone back to California, As time went on, my work Island. His brothers John and July 24, 2009 including the ones who had been Dan were in the CU USN JLS load increased, and as a result, I sent to Stillwater, Oklahoma. was able to hire some student and would have been informed], when Mary Jean arrived and written language, however, and I was able to get an apartment Eugene P. Boardman found a place to stay for a week their dropout rate was quite high, in the same building as Bob’s Memorial Resolution on Pennsylvania Avenue, close considering their great advantage and Dick’s (and there were some by campus. Sure enough, I over the rest of us. other language couples there, as (Cont’d) In 1948 he became a stopped studying (or did an Harvard sent the most well). It was a bit over a mile member of the Society of inadequate job) while I devoted students, followed by California from the campus, on the the Friends. Throughout the rest of all my time outside of class to and Washington, but every extreme western fringe of town, his life he played a prominent persuading her to marry me region of the country was on 6th Street and Cascade role in this group. He served during the Christmas holiday represented. The Easterners Avenue, and it was called several terms as Clerk, the (the Navy would be giving us a tended to be somewhat haughty, “Cascade Manor” (we heard that chairman of the congregation, week off). We walked and and we Westerners considered it had been a tavern before being and as Recording Clerk who kept talked, talked and walked (one them a bit effete. made into apartments). “Louie” the records and later as Librarian night until the wee hours of the I bought Bill Woodward’s ’36 was the manager/landlord, and and Archivist. He was serving as morning in the park in front of Ford V-8 when he left (those the rent was $45 per month, the latter at the time of his death. the band shell). After she left, I who had been in progress at about half my Navy pay. Just a As the presiding officer he explained my situation to Miss Berkeley graduated in the fall), block up the street was Baseline demonstrated his tact at skillfully Florence Walne, the Director, and was able to take my friends Road, and across from that, the guiding, but not leading, and she graciously allowed me to up to Rocky Mountain National magnificent city park space discussions to make sure that the join a section which was Park. But all in all, it was not a leading to the Flatirons (tilted results reflected the sense of the proceeding at a sightly slower very good idea to have a car, slabs of sandstone rearing up to group. One who participated in pace. This allowed me to catch what with gas and tire rationing 8,000 feet). Chautauqua many of those meetings recalled: up. and all, and when freezing (cottages, auditorium, and large "He was quite a statesman." He Dick [Greenwood] got weather came, that radiator leak park) was a few blocks to the spent 1965-66 as a lobbyist with married to Wilma and moved to became a more important east. It was a truly magnificent the Friends Committee on the same apartment building consideration. Besides, I was setting! National Legislation in where Margaret and Bob Wilson going to get married, and I had to I bought a new radio- Washington in an effort to were living (Bob, also from UW, borrow money to buy Mary phonograph console from Sears convince Congress that the was a graduate student in history Jean’s engagement ring, and to in Denver, and acquired a government should change its there when he joined the school buy the car. So I sold the car number of “Music Appreciation” China policy. He later published – d. ’91, after many years at only a few months after I bought type records, most of the names his recommendations in A New UCLA). it, and your friendly Arnold of which I still remember, along China Policy--Some Quaker My new roommate was Bros. Ford dealers kindly took it with the music itself (my first Proposals. Wendell Furnas, newly off my hands for a fifth less than album came as a gift from Sears: Retirement from the repatriated from China, where he I paid for it. Mozart’s 40th Symphony): University in 1980 gave Gene had been a journalist, and had The car played a part in our Selections from “Marriage of more time to devote to his been imprisoned by the pheasant hunts. We cruised the Figaro” (my favorite opera), “La abiding interests in music and Japanese, and his class, a small area where Crossroads Shopping Bohème”, Schubert’s 5th politics. A talented pianist and one, was called the fall group area now is [He must have Symphony, Debussy’s organist who helped pay his way (ours, 150 in all, was designated written this between the late “Afternoon of a Fawn” and through Harvard playing at the “Summer” class). 1970s and 1990, as that area has “Preludes”, Mozart’s 28th churches, he later was a member We had classes (5 or 6 a new shopping area called ‘29th Symphony…. In addition, one of of the Philharmonic and Civic students in each section) in Street’], and whenever we my classmates (a student of Choruses and sang in the chorus Reading, Dictation, and flushed a bird, we shot at it with Arthur Schnabel at Michigan) or in bit parts with the Madison Conversation – Reading was 2 a rifle, pistol, shotgun – played the Mozart 21st Piano Civic Opera. He also had more hours – Monday through Friday. whatever we had. The only thing Concerto at a Denver Symphony time to help the Democratic Saturday mornings were is that we broke the law in Orchestra concert. A number of party as he began to work several reserved for examinations multiple fashion – shooting from us listened to this work at the hours a week at party covering each week’s work, and a moving vehicle, using rifles Faculty Club before the event. headquarters. Then, he also they were two hours long at first, and high velocity firearms, Several other compositions have contributed to the environmental longer later on. We were taking hens, etc. Once we were always been associated with this efforts of Rock Ridge required to commit to memory apprehended by the game period: Brahms’ 2nd Piano, Community near Dodgeville. In certain selections, and had to warden and fined $25. We Boccherini’s Cello Concerto, the spring of 1987, Edgewood appear before a panel of designated Bob Wilson the Pirates of Penzance, and Grofé’s College awarded him an inquisitors at various times. culprit and all chipped in to pay familiar Grand Canyon Suite. honorary doctorate in humane Our teachers were mostly his fine. But those pheasants We often listened to KSL, Salt letters. At that time, the College Japanese by race, Issei or Nisei tasted delicious when the wives Lake City (“Crossroads of the president saluted him: "His (1st or 2nd generation), and there took them out of the freezer West”) on Sunday to hear the career and life have exemplified were also a few ex-missionaries compartment in the refrigerator Mormon Tabernacle Chorus. (to the values of Christian on the faculty. There were close and cooked them for Sunday be cont’d) humanism, his teaching reflected to a hundred persons teaching dinners [reminds me of my Donald S. Willis a global perspective and JLS 1943 interdisciplinary approach and he the language altogether. Among northern Idaho and eastern the students were a number who Washington fraternity brothers [Ed. Note: It is interesting that is a strong proponent of liberal had been in Japan with at the University of Idaho, who Lionel Casson’s obituary is running arts." missionary families. These were took their pheasant guns with with Donald Willis’s memoir, since He is survived by his former called “BIJ’s” (Born in Japan), them, to and from home on fall they spent considerable time together wife, Betty, and by three and some of them were already weekends to shoot birds from the on an LST and in New Caledonia daughters, Susan, Sarah, and together in 1943.] Erika, and three sons, practically bilingual! Few of side of the highway]! ______them knew much about the Christopher, Andrew, and Benjamin, and eight received his A.B. degree from Ethridge) and Vivian Blair Edge graduate level often flocked to grandchildren. the University of North Carolina, (John T.) of Oxford, Miss.; Tave for advice. “There was no

MEMORIAL COMMITTEE M.A. at the University of Miriam Kaufman Whatley, other teacher here who held the John W. Barker Alabama, and Ph.D. from Opelika and Edward H. Hobbs attention of our students as he Maurice J. Meisner Harvard. The Hobbs married in IV (Beth Dillon, Birmingham). did,” said Schleusener. “And not Michael B. Petrovich 1943 in Boulder, Colorado The Hobbs’ grandchildren are just their intellectual but their Edward M. Coffman, Chair where Marley (Marleah Milton D. Hobbs II, Miriam moral attention, an attention that University of Wisconsin-Madison Kaufman) was a student at the Lovelady (Niles) and Jess Edge, ran through and through them,” Faculty Document 727 University of Colorado and Ed, a Oxford, Miss.; Laura Scott he continued. 7 December 1987 Naval Intelligence Officer, was (Paxton) and Kirsten Whatley, Since his retirement in 1993, MEMORIAL RESOLUTION OF THE FACULTY OF THE there to study Japanese. Nashville, Tenn.; Steven Tave has continued to take part UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN- In 1949, the Hobbs moved to Whatley, Atlanta; Edward H. in seminars and workshops MADISON Oxford where he became Hobbs V, Athens, Ga. and Dillon throughout the University. On assistant director for Public Hobbs, Birmingham. occasion, he also has taught in ON THE DEATH OF EMERITUS Administration and Research and The Birmingham News programs at the Gleacher Center PROFESSOR EUGENE P. associate professor of political Thursday, June 29, 2006 in downtown Chicago, in literacy BOARDMAN ______programs at the Blue Gargoyle, science at the University of [Ed. Note: Eugene Boardman was a Mississippi. They lived in in the undergraduate classmate of John Erskine, Richard Oxford for 18 years before Stuart Tave Fundamentals program, and in Gard, Paul Dull and Gerald Holtom moving to Auburn. JLS 1944 undergraduate and graduate at the Pearl Harbor JLS December, In 1967, Dr. Hobbs was Honored with English Department classes. 1941. The non-graduates from that named dean of the School of The University recognized program went to the Berkeley JLS.] Maclean Prize in 2000 ______Arts and Sciences. “When Dean Tave’s influence as an educator

Hobbs was appointed, Arts and with the establishment of a Edward H. Hobbs III Stuart Tave, the William Rainey Sciences contained at least 12 Harper Professor Emeritus in the teaching fellowship named in (1921-2006) departments, not only in the honor of his retirement. In 1993, College and the Department of Hobbs, Dr. Edward H, 85, humanities and social sciences, English Language & Literature, the Stuart Tave Teaching former dean of the Auburn but also those in mathematics will receive the 2000 Norman Fellowships were created to give University School of Arts and and physical sciences,” stated Maclean Faculty Award at an promising Ph.D. candidates a Sciences, died in his home in former academic vice president Alumni Assembly at 10:30 a.m. chance to teach undergraduate Auburn on Sunday, June 25, Dr. Taylor Littleton. “All of Saturday, June 3, in Rockefeller courses on topics related to their 2006, at 2:00 p.m. Dr. Frank these departments were Memorial Chapel. dissertations. “It gives them the Covington will conduct the strengthened by his judicious use “It’s very flattering to have chance to design their own service. Internment took place at of often scarce resources and by this kind of attention, especially course,” explained Tave. “It’s a a family service in Selma at Live his high standards for teaching so long after my retirement,” very good teaching experience Oak Cemetery. “Soon after my and scholarship in faculty said Tave, who received a that doesn’t exploit them.” arrival as president of Auburn recruitment and retention. I Quantrell Award for Excellence One alumnus recalled of University, we were able to add know of no academic dean who in Undergraduate Teaching in Tave: “He listened to each of us strength to the faculty by hiring carried with him more trust and 1958. with a focus, a concern, a depth Ed and Marley Hobbs,” stated respect than he did,” said For nearly 50 years, Tave, a of what I can only call intense Harry M. Philpott, former Littleton. former Dean of the Humanities intellectual interest, which I will president of Auburn University. He retired in 1988 as dean Division, Chairman of the never forget. He made each of us “They were at Ole Miss and emeritus of Arts and Sciences English Department, Master of believe that what we said was of agreed to come to Auburn, Ed, as and professor of political the Humanities Collegiate such substance, that it was worth dean of the School of Arts and science. He also retired that year Division, and Associate Dean of no less than the greatest attention Sciences and Marley as assistant as a Captain in the US Naval the College, has devoted himself he could give.” professor of Art. These Reserve. to his students and to the life of “As he would be honored by appointments were among the In addition to his duties as the University. the Maclean Teaching Award, so most successful I ever made. “In dean, he was former chairman of The Norman Maclean Award would he bring honor to it,” his 20 years as dean, Ed Hobbs the East Alabama Medical recognizes emeritus or senior remarked another. was known for his great skill in Center Foundation Board of faculty members who have made Arthur Fournier dealing with people. He also Directors and past vice-chairman News Office outstanding contributions to University of Chicago Chronicle emphasized that college is not of the Auburn Planning teaching and the student-life Commission. He was also an May 25, 2000 simply for professional experience on campus. It was Vol. 19 No. 17 development but also important Elder of the First Presbyterian named in honor of Professor ______Church, past president of the in the enlightenment of the total Norman Maclean (Ph.D., ’40), $Donations Accepted person.” “It is leaders like Dean Auburn Rotary Club, and a who taught English at the member of the beautification Hobbs that have made the University for 40 years. To support the JLS/OLS Archival Auburn community a thriving Council, United Way, Tave––for many years a Project make your check out to the and exciting place. His many Presbyterian Community colleague of Maclean’s in the University of Colorado, writing US contributions serve as a fitting Ministry, Alabama Men’s Hall English Department––has had a Navy JLS Fund on the memo line to of Fame, Alabama Humanities memorial to an outstanding profound effect on students’ David Hays man,” Philpott said. Foundation and a key organizer lives both in their academic work Archives Hobbs was born in Selma, of the Food Bank of East and personally. Jay Schleusener, University of Colorado at Boulder Alabama in 1921 and attended Alabama. Associate Professor and former 184 UCB schools there. He was the son of Survivors include his wife, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0184 Chairman of English, remembers ______Mary Dannelly Hobbs and Marleah, and four children, students in the College and at the Edward Henry Hobbs II. He Milton Dannelley Hobbs (Lenore