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Hermann Rauschning and Danzig's Lnterwar Radical Right (1918-1942) Nima Lane Eastern Illinois University

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Hermann Rauschning and Danzig's Lnterwar Radical Right (1918-1942) Nima Lane Eastern Illinois University Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 2019 What We Expected from National Socialism: Hermann Rauschning and Danzig's lnterwar Radical Right (1918-1942) Nima Lane Eastern Illinois University Recommended Citation Lane, Nima, "What We Expected from National Socialism: Hermann Rauschning and Danzig's lnterwar Radical Right (1918-1942)" (2019). Masters Theses. 4442. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/4442 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 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I i 11 ii Printed Name ". _,,)µ, ; lr:rv.,( ;;> Graduate Degree Program Please submit in duplicate. What We Expected from National Socialism: Hermann Rauschning and Danzig's lnterwar Radical Right (1918-1942) (TITLE) BY Nima Lane THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts in History IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL, EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CHARLESTON, ILLINOIS 2019 YEAR I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THIS THESIS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING -- PART OF THE GRADUATE DEGREE CITED ABOVE THESIS COMMITTEE CHAIR DATE DEPARTMENT/SCHOOL CHAIR DATE OR CHAIR'S DESIGNEE '- THESIS COMMITTEE MEMBER THESIS COMMITTEE MEMBER DATE f'�/1 THESIS COMMITTEE MEMBER/ DATE THESIS COMMITTEE MEMBER DATE I What We Expected from Nazism: Hermann Rauschning and Danzig's Interwar Radical Right (l918-1942) Nima Lane Master's Thesis Advisor: Dr. Elder April 25, 20 19 2 Abstract This proj ect uses Dr. Hermann Rauschning as a case study to analyze the transformation of the Geiman intellectual right, stretching from his early career in the Weimar Era to the post-1945 era. Rather than offer a purely narrative biography, this study uses the figure of Rauschning to examine the fate of the German right from the Ka isserreich to the aftermath of World War II. Rauschning, bornin 1887, was both a political and intellectual figure. However, these aspects of Hermann Rauschning are not necessarily separate. Although some historians see Hermann Rauschning as unique, I argue that he is in fact representative the German right in this period. Rauschning was influential as a political theorist who wrote on the conservative revolution and relationship between nihilism and the Third Reich. He was also as a politician who negotiated with the League of Nations, promoted the NSDAP within Danzig, and formulated a new usable conservatism in the post-war era. Rauschning's works on these connections fora time shaped the Conservative memory of the Third Reich. Like his contemporaries, such as writer Hans Zehrer, historian and philosopher Oswald Spengler, and sociologist Hans Freyer, Rauschning was both directly and indirectly involved in politics. This work seeks to link both the intellectual and the personal with the political and the public. 3 Table of Contents Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter I: Rauschning: Kaiserreich to Republic ..............................................................20 Chapter 2: Herr Dr. Praesident Rauschning ..................................................................... 38 Chapter 3: Rauschning the Renegade ............................................................................. 66 Chapter 4: Rauschning: The Thinker........................... ........................................83 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 98 Bibliography .................................................................................................................. I 03 4 Acknowledgements Primarily I must thank my advisor and mentor Dr. Sace Elder forsteadfastly guiding me through this project from the very beginning. Dr. Elder helped me navigate this complex project throughout my graduate school career. Without Dr. Eider's feedback and support this wouldn't have been nearly as achievable. Secondly, I would like to thank Dr. Key and Dr. Wehrle for both serving on these committees and allowing me to pick their minds from time to time. The librarians at Booth Library as well as M.E. Grenander Department of Special Collections and Archives in Albany, and UCD Archives in Dublin. As cliched as it might be, I'd like to thank my friends and family who were far more supportive than I would have imagined. Particularly my grandfatherwh o's been reading my writings fromthe very beginning. Finally, I should thank Dr. Robert Butler at Elmhurst who encouraged me to continue studying and turned me onto the subject of Hermann Rauschning and the German right in the first place. 5 Introduction For a man who spent his entire career opposed to the concept ofrevolution, his contemporaries were quick to label Dr. Hermann Rauschning a conservative revolutionary. His name became synonymous with the Conservative Revolution movement of the 1920s and early 1930s in the writings of several historians focusedon the German right, who noted this revolt against the post-Wilhelmine order. 1 Within the German rightthis dissident movement arose from the anxiety generated by the German Revolution of 1918-1919 and the Treaty of Versailles. The movements within the right were volatile mixes of contradictory political ideals filled with infighting. Through perceived necessity, a number of them signed on with Germany's radical right, forminga much-needed coalition with the Nazi party. Within the interwar political environment of the Free City of Danzig, a semi-autonomous state in what had been West Prussia, Hennann Rauschning experienced the development, acceptance, normalization, and ultimately the rejection of Nazism as he went from a conservative Prussian army officer, to a Nazi politician, and then subsequently an anti-Nazi exile. This proj ect uses Dr. Hennann Rauschning as a case study to analyze the transformationof the German intellectual right, stretching from his early career in the Weimar Era to the post-1945 era. Rather than offer a purely narrative biography, this study will use the figure of Rauschning as a case study of the fate of the German right from the Kaisserreich to the aftennath of World War II. Rauschning, born in 1887, was both a political and intellectual figure; However, these aspects of Hermann Rauschning 1 For example, see Jean-Michel Palmier, We imar in Exile: Th e Ant�fascist
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