Journal of Climate Is Available on a Calendar-Year Only Subscription at an Annual Rate of $30 to AMS Members

Vol. 1, No. 2, February 1988 Journal of Contents Climate

ARTICLES Intraseasonal Atmospheric Teleconnection Patterns during the Northern Hemisphere Winter TAKIO MURAKAMI 117-131 A Study on Climatological Aspects of Winds in Japan. Part I: Mean Wind Fields and Annual Variations of Winds YUKIHIROMORI 132-142 A Study on Climatological Aspects of Winds in Japan. Part II: Mean Fields of the Thermal Wind YUKIHIROMORI 143-156 Recurrence Analysis of Climate Sensitivity Experiments HANS VON STORCH AND FRANCIS W. ZWIERS 157-171 Precipitation Variability over the Caribbean and Tropical Americas Associated with the Southern Oscillation JEFFERY C. ROGERS 172-182 Indices of the Southern Hemisphere Zonal Wind JOHN W. KIDSON 183-194 Numerical Simulation of the Atmospheric Response to the Time-Varying El Nino SST Anomalies during May 1982 through October 1983 M.J. FENNESSY AND J. SHUKLA 195-211 Meridional Transport of Eddy Sensible Heat in Winters Marked by Extremes of the North Atlantic Oscillation, 1948/49-1979/80 ANDREW M. CARLETON 212-223 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Variations in Near-Global Sea Level Pressure: Another View TIM P. BARNETT 225-230 PAPERS TO APPEAR IN FORTHCOMING ISSUES 232

The Journal of Climate is available on a calendar-year only subscription at an annual rate of $30 to AMS members. The single issue price is $7.50 to AMS members. The subscription price to nonmembers is available on request; single issues are $ 15 each. Order from the American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 02108.

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/08/21 06:03 PM UTC Vol. 1, No. 3, March 1988 Journal of Contents Climate

ARTICLES Diurnal Variability of the Planetary Albedo: An Appraisal with Satellite Measurements and General Circulation Models G. L. POTTER, R. D. CESS, P. MINNIS, E. F. HARRISON AND V. RAMANATHAN 233-239 An Investigation of Interannual Rainfall Variability in Africa JOHN E. JANOWIAK 240-255 Satellite Detection of Saharan Dust: Optimized Imaging during Nighttime MICHEL LEGRAND, MICHEL DESBOIS AND KWAMI VOVOR 256-264 The Observed and Simulated Atmospheric Seasonal Cycle. Part I: Global Wind Field Modes KLAUS M. WEICKMANN AND ROBERT M. CHERVIN 265-289 Detecting Changes through Time in the Variance of a Long-Term Hemispheric Temperature Record: An Application of Robust Locally Weighted Regression ANDREW R. SOLOW 290-296 Prediction of Indian Monsoon Rainfall: Further Exploration .... STEFAN HASTENRATH 298-304 SEASONAL CLIMATE SUMMARY The Global Climate for June-August 1987: Mature Phase of an ENSO Warm Episode Persists PHILLIP A. ARKIN 306-324 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE The Southern Oscillation. Part VIII: Model Sensitivity to SST Anomalies in the Tropical and Subtropical Regions of the South Pacific Convergence Zone HANS VON STORCH, HARRY VAN LOON AND GEORGE N. KILADIS 325-331 PAPERS TO APPEAR IN FORTHCOMING ISSUES 332

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/08/21 06:03 PM UTC Journal Vol. 18, No. 3, March 1988 of Contents Physical Oceanography

ARTICLES Estimates of Potential Vorticity at Small Scales in the Ocean PETER MOLLER, REN-CHIEH LIEN AND ROBIN WILLIAMS 401 -416 A Numerical Study of the Influence of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge on Nonlinear First-Mode Baroclinic Rossby Waves Generated by Seasonal Winds BERNARD BARNIER 417-433 Frontogenesis in Mixed Layers DANIEL L. RUDNICK AND RUSS E. DAVIS 434-457 Exploration of the Eddy Field in the Midlatitude North Pacific WILLIAM J. SCHMITZ, JR. 459-468 The Formation of Labrador Sea Water. Part III: The Evolution of Oxygen and Nutrient Concentration R. ALLYN CLARKE AND A. R. COOTE 469-480 The Propagation of Gravity Currents along Continental Shelves DORON NOF AND STEPHEN VAN GORDER 481 -491 Near-Inertial Motion on the South Australian Shelf RICHARD B. SCHAHINGER 492-504 Circulation in the Eastern Levantine Basin Determined by Inverse Methods ELI TZIPERMAN AND ARTUR HECHT 506-518 Calculating the Time-Mean Oceanic General Circulation and Mixing Coefficients from Hydrographic Data ELI TZIPERMAN 519-525 PAPERS TO APPEAR IN FORTHCOMING ISSUES 528

The Journal of Physical Oceanography is available on a calendar-year only subscription at an annual rate of $30 to AMS members. The single issue price is $7.50 to AMS members. The subscription price to nonmembers is available on request; single issues are $ 15 each. Order from the American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 02108.

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/08/21 06:03 PM UTC Journal Vol. 18, No. 4, April 1988 of Contents Physical Oceanography

ARTICLES Deep Currents in the Central Subarctic Pacific Ocean BRUCE A. WARREN AND W. BRECHNER OWENS 529-551 Ventilating Warm Rings: Structure and Model Evaluation WILLIAM K. DEWAR 552-564 The Sinking of Warm-Core Rings RICK CHAPMAN AND DORON NOF 565-583 A Time-Dependent Model of a Coastal Polynya HSIEN WANG Ou 584-590 Two-Layer Model of Summer Circulation on the Southeast U.S. Continental Shelf JOAO A. LORENZZETTI, JOHN D. WANG AND THOMAS N. LEE 591-608 A Numerical Study of Topographic Wave Reflection in Semi-infinite Channels THOMAS STOCKER 609-618 On Boundary Value Problems of the Ideal-Fluid Thermocline Rui XIN HUANG 619-641 Ideal-Fluid Thermocline with Weakly Convective Adjustment in a Subpolar Basin Rui XIN HUANG 642-651 Coastal-Trapped Waves in Continuously Stratified Channels. Part I: Numerical Description of Behavioral Properties V. G. KOUTITONSKY AND R. E. WILSON 652-661 A Stratified Model of the Inertial Recirculation PAOLA CESSI 662-682 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Inertial Recirculation in a 0-Plane Corner G. R. IERLEY AND W. R. YOUNG 683-689 Diurnal Coastal-Trapped Waves on the East Australian Continental Shelf HOWARD J. FREELAND 690-694 PAPERS TO APPEAR IN FORTHCOMING ISSUES 696

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/08/21 06:03 PM UTC Vol. 116, No. 3, March 1988 Monthly Weather Contents Review ARTICLES On the Functioning of the Southern Oscillation in the South American Sector. Part I: Surface Climate PATRICIO ACEITUNO 505-524 Effects of Using a Posteriori Methods for the Conservation of Integral Invariants . LAWRENCE L. TAKACS 525-545 Spatial Correlation of the 24-Hour ECMWF Forecast Error JUHANI RINNE AND SIMO JARVENOJA 546-557 Interannual Variations of Sea Surface Temperature over the Arabian Sea and the Indian Monsoon: A New Perspective KUSUMA G. RAO AND B. N. GOSWAMI 558-568 An Analysis of Tropopause Pressure and Total Ozone Correlations SIEGFRIED D. SCHUBERT AND MARIE-JEANNE MUNTEANU 569-582 Cumulus Parameterization and Rainfall Rates: Part III T. N. KRISHNAMURTI AND H. S. BEDI 583-599 Evapotranspiration from Nonuniform Surfaces: A First Approach for Short-Term Numerical Weather Prediction PETER J. WETZEL AND JY-TAI CHANG 600-621 Estimation of Large-Scale Vertical Motion over the Central United States for Summer DIANE H. PORTIS AND PETER J. LAMB 622-635 Summertime Cold Fronts in Southeast Australia—Behavior and Low-Level Structure of Main Frontal Types J. R. GARRATT 636-649 Generalized Energy and Potential Enstrophy Conserving Finite Difference Schemes for the Shallow Water Equations FRANK ABRAMOPOULOS 650-662 Estimates of Thunderstorm Precipitation Efficiency from Field Measurements in CCOPE J. C. FANKHAUSER 663-684 Mesoscale Convective Complexes over the United States during 1985 JOHN A. AUGUSTINE AND KENNETH W. HOWARD 685-701 An Investigation of the Poleward Edges of Cirrus Clouds Associated with Midlatitude Jet Streams DALE R. DURRAN AND DANIEL B. WEBER 702-714 Study of Kuo-Type Cumulus Parameterizations during Different Epochs of the Asian Summer Monsoon SOMESHWAR DAS, U. C. MOHANTY AND O. P. SHARMA 715-729 A Practical Approximation to Optimal Four-Dimensional Objective Analysis ANDREW C. LORENC 730-745 Use and Value of Multiple-Period Forecasts in a Dynamic Model of the Cost-Loss Ratio Situation EDWARD S. EPSTEIN AND ALLAN H. MURPHY 746-761 A Generalization of Petterssen's Frontogenesis Function and Its Relation to the Forcing of Vertical Motion DANIEL KEYSER, MICHAEL J. REEDER AND RICHARD J. REED 762-780 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Funnel Clouds in the San Joaquin Valley, California JOHN P. MONTEVERDI, SCOTT A. BRAUN AND THOMAS C. TRIMBLE 782-789 The Pre-storm Environment of Midlatitude Prefrontal Squall Lines JONATHAN WYSS AND KERRY A. EMANUEL 790-794 Estimating Lower Tropospheric Vertical Motion from Surface Pressure and Pressure Tendency Data Alone PETER ZWACK AND MUSTAPHA KABIL 795-803 Comment on "Diffraction of Solitary Kelvin Waves at Cape Mendocino" C. J. C. REASON AND D. G. STEYN 804-805 Reply CLIVE E. DORMAN 806 PAPERS TO APPEAR IN FORTHCOMING ISSUES 808 The Monthly Weather Review is available on a calendar-year only subscription at an annual rate of $30 to AMS members. The single issue price is $7.50 to AMS members. The subscription price to nonmembers is available on request; single issues are $15 each. Order from the American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 02108.

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/08/21 06:03 PM UTC Vol. 116, No. 4, April 1988 Monthly Contents Weather Review ARTICLES Surface Energy Fluxes of the South Atlantic Ocean ANDREW F. BUNKER 809-823 An Evaluation of the Performance of the ECMWF Operational System in Analyzing and Forecasting Easterly Wave Disturbances over Africa and the Tropical Atlantic .... R. J. REED, A. HOLLINGSWORTH, W. A. HECKLEY AND F. DELSOL 824-865 Use of Satellite Radiometric Imagery Data for Improvement in the Analysis of Divergent Wind in the Tropics AKIRA KASAHARA, RAMESH C. BALGOVIND AND BERT B. KATZ 866-883 Study of Low-Level Jet and Extremely Heavy Rainfall over Northern Taiwan in the Mei- Yu Season GEORGE TAI-JEN CHEN AND CHIA-CHUNG YU 884-891 The 30-50 Day Variation of Convective Activity over the Western Pacific Ocean with Emphasis on the Northwestern Region TSING-CHANG CHEN AND MASATO MURAKAMI 892-906 Reduction of the Spinup Time for Evaporation and Precipitation in a Spectral Model T. N. KRISHNAMURTI, H. S. BEDI, WILLIAM HECKLEY AND KEVIN INGLES 907-920 A Comparison of Observed and Model-Derived Structures of Caribbean Easterly Waves LLOYD J. SHAPIRO, DUANE E. STEVENS AND PAUL E. CIESIELSKI 921-938 ANNUAL SUMMARY Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1987 ROBERT A. CASE AND HAROLD P. GERRISH 939-949 PICTURE OF THE MONTH The Unusual Dissipation of a Tornado Funnel HOWARD B. BLUESTEIN, .... EUGENE W. MCCAUL, JR., GREGORY P. BYRD AND GARY R. WOODALL 950-952 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Tropospheric Temperatures and Southern Hemisphere Circulation GERALD A. MEEHL AND BRUCE A. ALBRECHT 953-960 Statistical Interpolation by Iteration RICHARD FRANKE 961-963 On the Relationship between Tropical Cyclone Motion and Intensity KEQINDONG 964-968 Comments on "Semi-Lagrangian Advection on a Gaussian Grid" MICHEL ROCHAS 969-970 Reply HAROLD RITCHIE 971-972 CORRIGENDUM 973 PAPERS TO APPEAR IN FORTHCOMING ISSUES 976 The Monthly Weather Review is available on a calendar-year only subscription at an annual rate of $30 to AMS members. The single issue price is $7.50 to AMS members. The subscription price to nonmembers is available on request; single issues are $15 each. Order from the American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 02108.

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/08/21 06:03 PM UTC Weather and Forecasting Vol. 3, No. 1, March 1988 (ISSN 0882-8156) Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, PA 17604 Contents RETURN POSTAGE GUARANTEED Printed in the United States of America

EDITORIAL ARTICLES Objectively Forecasting Sunshine JOHN S. JENSENIUS, JR. 5-17 Three-Dimensional Airflow and Precipitation Structure in a Nondeepening Cyclone HAIG ISKENDERIAN 18-32 Use of VAS Data to Diagnose the Mesoscale Environment of Convective Storms RAYMOND M. ZEHR, JAMES F. W. PURDOM, JOHN F. WEAVER AND ROBERT N. GREEN 33-49 Mesoscale and Synoptic Scale Interactions Leading to Intense Convection: The Case of 7 June 1982 ANTHONY A. ROCKWOOD AND ROBERT A. MADDOX 51-68 Long-Range Weather Prediction: Limits of Predictability and Beyond EDWARD S. EPSTEIN 69-75 Evaluation of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Objective Forecast Aids TED L. TSUI AND RONALD J. MILLER 76-85 PAPERS TO APPEAR IN FORTHCOMING ISSUES 88

Weather and Forecasting is available on a calendar-year only subscription at an annual rate of $20 to AMS members. The single issue price is $15 to AMS members. The subscription price to nonmembers is available on request; single issues are $50 each. Order from the American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108.

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/08/21 06:03 PM UTC Journal of Atmospheric Vol. 5, No. 2, April 1988 and Contents Oceanic Technology

ARTICLES Uncertainties Associated with Combining Airborne and Ground-Based Doppler Radar Data PETER S. RAY AND DAVID P. JORGENSEN 177-196 The Rare Echo: Reflectivity and Velocity Signature .... JAMES W. WILSON AND DARELYN REUM 197-205 Estimating Noise Levels of Remotely Sensed Measurements from Satellites Using Spatial Structure Analysis DONALD W. HILLGER AND THOMAS H. VONDER HAAR 206-214 Characterization of the Nimbus-7 SBUV Radiometer for the Long-Term Monitoring of Stratospheric Ozone R. P. CEBULA, H. PARK AND D. F. HEATH 215-227 Near-Surface Observations of Wind and Rain-Generated Sound Using the SCANR: An Autonomous Acoustic Recorder DAVID SHONTING AND FOSTER MIDDLETON 228-237 The Design of Multivariate Field Programs KENNETH W. JOHNSON 238-250 A Preliminary Evaluation of Ship Data in the Equatorial Western Pacific MARK L. MORRISSEY, MARK A. LANDAR AND JOSE A. MALIEKAL 251-258 Airflow about King Air Wingtip-Mounted Cloud Particle Measurement Probes J. I. MACPHERSON AND D. BAUMGARDNER 259-273 A System for Remote Measurements of the Wind Stress over the Ocean W. G. LARGE AND J. A. BUSINGER 274-285 The MR: a Meteorological Data Sensing, Recording and Telemetering Package for Use on Moored Buoys RICHARD E. PAYNE 286-297 The Charge Induced on a Conduction Cylinder by a Point Charge and Its Application to the Measurement of Charge on Precipitation ANDREW J. WEINHEIMER 298-304 Two- and Three-Dimensional De-aliasing of Doppler Radar Velocities WILLIAM R. BERGEN AND STEVEN C. ALBERS 305-319 Processing, Compression and Transmission of Satellite IR Data for Near-Real-Time Use at Sea .... PETER CORNILLON, DAVID EVANS, OTIS B. BROWN, ROBERT EVANS, PAUL EDEN AND JAMES BROWN 320-327 A Simple Model of Gulf Stream Thermal Structure with Application to the Analysis of Moored Mea- surements in the Presence of Mooring Motion Ross HENDRY 328-339 High-Resolution Directional Wave Spectra from Horizontally Mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Meters HARALD E. KROGSTAD, R. LEE GORDON AND MARTIN C. MILLER 340-352 SARDINE: A System for Analyzing, Recording, and Displaying Information from NRL-towchain Ex- periments MICHAEL KARWEIT AND GLEN LOVELL 353-360 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE On the Accuracy of Monthly Mean Wind Speeds over the Equatorial Pacific DAVID HALPERN 362-367 TEACHMET: An Expert System for Teaching Weather Forecasting NATHAN M. REISS AND JAMES C. HOFMANN 368-374 Recalculation of Lightning Localization System Acceptance Using a Refined Damping Model T. SCHOTTE, V. COORAY AND S. ISRAELSSON 375-380 Comments on "Anemometer Performance Determined by ASTM Methods" DONALD T. ACHESON 381 Reply THOMAS J. LOCKHART 382 PAPERS TO APPEAR IN FORTHCOMING ISSUES 384 The Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology is available on a calendar-year only subscription at an annual rate of $20 to AMS members. The single issue price is $7.50 to AMS members. The subscription price to nonmembers is available on request; single issues are $25 each. Order from the American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108.

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/08/21 06:03 PM UTC Journal Vol. 45, No. 3, 1 February 1988 of the Contents Atmospheric Sciences

ARTICLES The GISS Global Climate-Middle Atmosphere Model. Part I: Model Structure and Cli- matology D. RIND, R. Suozzo, N. K. BALACHANDRAN, A. LACIS AND G. RUSSELL 329-370 The GISS Global Climate-Middle Atmosphere Model. Part II: Model Variability Due to Interactions between Planetary Waves, the Mean Circulation and Gravity Wave Drag D. RIND, R. SUOZZO AND N. K. BALACHANDRAN 371-386 Nonlinear Influences—A Key to Short-Term Climatic Perturbations B. G. HUNT 387-395 Average Vertical Motions in the Tropical Atmosphere Observed by a Radar Wind Profiler on Pohnpei (7°N Latitude, 157°E Longitude) .. B. B. BALSLEY, W. L. ECKLUND, D. A. CARTER, A. C. RIDDLE AND K. S. GAGE 396-405 The West African Squall Line Observed on 23 June 1981 during COPT 81: Kinematics and Thermodynamics of the Convective Region FRANK ROUX 406-426 Body Force Circulation and the Antarctic Ozone Minimum TIMOTHY J. DUNKERTON 427-438 Relationship between Cyclone Tracks, Anticyclone Tracks and Baroclinic Waveguides JOHN M. WALLACE, GYU-HO LIM AND MAURICE L. BLACKMON 439-462 A Theory for Strong, Long-Lived Squall Lines RICHARD ROTUNNO, JOSEPH B. KLEMP AND MORRIS L. WEISMAN 463-485 Kinetic Energy Transfer between Internal Gravity Waves and Turbulence J. J. FINNIGAN 486-505 Intraseasonal and Interannual Variations of Tropical Convection: A Possible Link between the 40-50 Day Oscillation and ENSO? KA-MING LAU AND PAUL H. CHAN 506-521 Coupling of the Radiative, Convective, and Surface Fluxes over the Equatorial Pacific A. K. BETTS AND W. RIDGWAY 522-536 A Composite Life Cycle of Nonsquall Mesoscale Convective Systems over the Tropical Ocean. Part II: Heat and Moisture Budgets STEVEN K. ESBENSEN, JOUGH-TAI WANG AND EDWARD I. TOLLERUD 537-548 Vacillations in a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model PAUL S. SCHOPF AND MAX J. SUAREZ 549-566 PAPERS TO APPEAR IN FORTHCOMING ISSUES 568

The Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is available on a calendar-year only subscription at an annual rate of $50 to AMS members. The single issue price is $7.50 to AMS members. The subscription price to nonmembers is available on request; single issues are $ 15 each. Order from the American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 02108.

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/08/21 06:03 PM UTC Journal Vol. 45, No. 4, 15 February 1988 of the Contents Atmospheric Sciences

ARTICLES A Simple Model of the 40-50 Day Oscillation HARRY H. HENDON 569-584 The Generation Mechanism of Mixed Rossby-Gravity Waves in the Equatorial Troposphere HISANORI ITOH AND MICHAEL GHIL 585-604 The Turbulence Structure of Nocturnal Slope Flow ... T. W. HORST AND J. C. DORAN 605-616 Eddy Viscosity of the Anticipated Potential Vorticity Method GEOFFREY K. VALLIS AND BACH-LIEN HUA 617-627 Frontogenesis over a Mountain Ridge . . JOSEPH A. ZEHNDER AND PETER R. BANNON 628-644 Feedbacks between Eddy Heat Fluxes and Radiative Heating in an Energy-Balance Model LEE E. BRANSCOME AND ENDA O'BRIEN 645-656 Orographically Forced Planetary Waves in the Northern Hemisphere Winter: Steady State Model with Wave-Coupled Lower Boundary Formulation SHYH-CHIN CHEN AND KEVIN E. TRENBERTH 657-680 Forced Planetary Waves in the Northern Hemisphere Winter: Wave-Coupled Orographic and Thermal Forcings SHYH-CHIN CHEN AND KEVIN E. TRENBERTH 682-704 Supersaturation of Vertically Propagating Internal Gravity Waves RICHARD S. LINDZEN 705-711 The Effects of Filament, Sheet, and Disk Breakup upon the Drop Spectrum PHILIP S. BROWN, JR. 712-718 Turbulence Structure of the Convective Boundary Layer. Part I: Variability of Normalized Turbulence Statistics GEORGE S. YOUNG 719-726 Turbulence Structure of the Convective Boundary Layer. Part II: Phoenix 78 Aircraft Ob- servations of Thermals and Their Environment GEORGE S. YOUNG 727-735 Airflow and Hail Growth in a Severe Northern High Plains Supercell L. JAY MILLER, JOHN D. TUTTLE AND CHARLES A. KNIGHT 736-762 PAPERS TO APPEAR IN FORTHCOMING ISSUES 764

The Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is available on a calendar-year only subscription at an annual rate of $50 to AMS members. The single issue price is $7.50 to AMS members. The subscription price to nonmembers is available on request; single issues are $15 each. Order from the American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 02108.

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/08/21 06:03 PM UTC Journal of Vol. 27, No. 2, February 1988 Applied Meteorology Contents

ARTICLES Ice Accretion on Wires and Anti-Icing Induced by Joule Effect P. PERSONNE AND J.-F. GAYET 101-114 Nonlinear Multichannel Algorithms for Estimating Sea Surface Temperature with AVHRR Satellite Data CHARLES C. WALTON 115-124 Vertical Structure of Arctic Haze Observed by Lidar R. M. HOFF 125-139 Remote and In Situ Observations of Sierra Nevada Winter Mountain Clouds: Relationships between Mesoscale Structure, Precipitation and Liquid Water DAVID W. REYNOLDS AND ARUNAS P. KUCIAUSKAS 140-156 Estimating Hourly All-Sky Solar Irradiation Components from Meteorological Data .... F.KERMEL 157-163 A Model for the Formation and Melting of Ice on Surface Waters H. A. R. DE BRUIN AND H. R. A. WESSELS 164-173 The Extrapolation of Vertical Profiles of Wind Speed within the Marine Atmospheric Surface Layer Using the p Formula M. SEGAL AND R. A. PIELKE 174-181 Row Mechanism for the Long-Range Transport of Air Pollutants by the Sea Breeze Causing Inland Nighttime High Oxidants HIROMASA UEDA, SHIGEKI MITSUMOTO AND HIDEMI KURITA 182-187 Breakup of a Nocturnal Temperature Inversion in the Dischma Valley during DISKUS HANS MOLLER AND C. DAVID WHITEMAN 188-194 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Evidence for an Oscillatory Rain Rate in a Midwestern Winter Rain R. B. FRITZ, R. J. HILL, J. T. PRIESTLEY AND W. P. SCHOENFELD 195-197 Reply BERNARD VONNEGUT 198-199 Comments on "Main Results of Grossversuch IV" JEAN DESSENS 200-202 Reply A. WALDVOGEL, H. H. SCHIESSER, W. SCHMID AND J. F. MEZEIX 203-206 PAPERS TO APPEAR IN FORTHCOMING ISSUES 208

The Journal of Applied Meteorology is available on a calendar-year only subscription at an annual rate of $30 to AMS members. The single issue price is $7.50 to AMS members. The subscription price to nonmembers is available on request; single issues are $ 15 each. Order from the American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 02108.

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/08/21 06:03 PM UTC Journal of Vol. 27, No. 3, March 1988 Applied Meteorology Contents

ARTICLES Evaporation of Rain Falling from Convective Clouds as Derived from Radar Measurements DANIEL ROSENFELD AND YALE MINTZ 209-215 The 1 August 1981 CCOPE Storm: Observations and Modeling Results RODNEY J. KUBESH, DENNIS J. MUSIL, RICHARD D. FARLEY AND HAROLD D. ORVILLE 216-243 Historical Albedo Values at St. Paul, Minnesota, 1969-85 DONALD G. BAKER AND DAVID L. RUSCHY 244-253 The Sampling Variations of Hailstone Size Distributions .... RAYMOND K. W. WONG, NORMAN CHIDAMBARAM, LAWRENCE CHENG AND MARIANNE ENGLISH 254-260 Prediction of Wind Speed, Direction and Diffusivity under Neutral Conditions for Tall Stacks NIRUPAMA RAGHAVAN AND SWATI BASU 261-268 SAGE I and SAM II Measurements of 1 ^m Aerosol Extinction in the Free Troposphere G. S. KENT, U. O. FARRUKH, P. H. WANG AND A. DEEPAK 269-279 Truncation Effects on Estimated Parameters of Tracer Distributions Sampled on Finite Domains J. Z. HOLLAND 280-294 Estimating Averaging Times for Point and Path-Averaged Measurements of Turbulence Spectra EDGAR L ANDREAS 295-304 Atmospheric Vortices in Shallow Convection G. D. HESS, K. T. SPILLANE AND R. S. LOURENSZ 305-317 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE The Asymmetry of Global Solar Radiation around Solar Noon R. T. PINKER AND L. M. MILITANA 318-322 PAPERS TO APPEAR IN FORTHCOMING ISSUES 324

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/08/21 06:03 PM UTC Handbook of APPLIED METEOROLOGY

Edited by \ David D. Houghton

The 46 chapters in the Handbook of Applied Meteorology are organized into five main sections: Part 1 deals with fundamental meteorological information; Part 2 addresses the topic of measurements; Part 3 focuses on specific major applications of meteorology; Part 4 provides a general discussion on some major impacts of meteorology on society; and Part 5 summarizes a wide range of resources available for meteorological data and knowledge. Two appendixes give additional information on terminology, units, and climatic data. This handbook presents, for the first time, an authoritative, comprehensive reference on meteorological knowledge and technology. Designed for professionals and technicians both within and outside the meteorological profession, this broad-ranging book offers general guidelines for those who need information on the effects of weather. The Handbook of Applied Meteorology was awarded honorable mention in the category for best physical science book of 1985 in the Tenth Annual Professional and Scholarly Book Awards sponsored by the Association of American Publishers.

To order please send $94.50 plus $4.00 postage and handling to

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