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East Keynsham

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East Keynsham Appendix 6: East Keynsham Location 6.1 The East Keynsham site lies directly to the east of the settlement of Keynsham and to the north west of the settlement of Saltford. The site is crossed by the main rail and road (A4) routes between Bristol and Bath (see Figure A6.1). Figure A6.1: East Keynsham - Proposed Development Site Location Plan Planning Context 6.2 The site comprises a number of fields along with existing land uses of housing, a horticultural nursery and light industrial units. The Core Strategy consultation document identifies the site as mixed use development to include 25,000-30,000m2 of employment land in an expansion to Broadmead/Ashmead/Pixash Industrial Estate and around 250 dwellings in the plan period. 6.3 The site is set within an area of open countryside bordering the settlement of Keynsham. To the north is Avon Valley Country Park and to the south is the Manor Road Community Woodland Local Nature Reserve which is part of the Forest of Avon. 6.4 The site lies on the edge of a low plateau of level or very gently sloping land that falls downwards into the Avon Valley, ranging in height between approximately 15 and 45m AOD in height. The fields to the south of the Bristol to Bath railway line are predominantly pasture. The land to the north is mostly arable (Photograph A6.1 & A6.2). Photograph A6.1: East of Pixash Lane, looking east Photograph A6.1: South of A4 Bath Road, looking north Sources of Evidence Archaeology Bath & North East Somerset Historic Environment Record; South Gloucestershire Historic Environment Record 6.5 Although the site itself is wholly within the Bath & North East Somerset Council (B&NES) boundary, the wider 1km study area extends into South Gloucestershire. Historic Environment Record (HER) data was therefore obtained from both the B&NES and South Gloucestershire HERs. 6.6 The two HERs employ different numbering systems. That for B&NES uses prefixes to distinguish ‘Monuments’ (MBN), ‘Events’ (EBN) and ‘Designations’ (DBN). All numbers with such prefixes in this Appendix refer to the B&NES HER. The South Gloucestershire HER uses a single number sequence with no prefixes. To eliminate the possibility of confusion, this report prefixes all South Gloucestershire HER numbers with ‘SGHER’. 6.7 The South Gloucestershire records have been grouped as monuments, events and designations to maintain compatibility with the rest of this report. In summary, the combined HERs incorporate the following records within the site, and a 1km zone around it: • 1 Scheduled Monument: a Bronze Age round barrow at Barrow Hill, Bitton (SGHER1238) • 186 non-designated archaeological ‘monuments’ (buildings, sites, find-spots) • 26 archaeological ‘events’ (fieldwork, assessments, etc) • 3 locally-registered parks or gardens: Chewton Place Garden (DBN3654 / MBN4319), Ellsbridge House Garden (DBN3657 / MBN4320) & Memorial Park (DBN3609) Cartographic evidence 6.8 The following historic maps were examined: • Keynsham parish Tithe Map, 1840 • 1st Edition Ordnance Survey 1:10560 map, 1888 • 2nd Edition Ordnance Survey 1:10560 map, 1901-5 • 3rd Edition Ordnance Survey 1:10560 map, 1920-1933 6.9 The observations made on the maps and plans examined are summarised in Table A6.1 below. Table A6.1: Summary of cartographic observations Map Date General Observations Fig. • Site comprises mainly enclosed fields in agricultural Keynsham 1840 use (and possibly horticultural), but partly wooded. A6.2 parish tithe • GWR (opened 1840), including bridge, crosses northern map portion of site in a roughly east/west direction. • The Bath Road (present A4) crosses central portion of site in a roughly east/west direction. • Steadham House (later Stidham Farm) depicted adjacent to eastern flank of site (parcel 1756). • Buildings depicted immediately outside western flank of site (later Ellsbridge House). • Layout of fields roughly similar to tithe map, but with 1st Edition 1888 some alterations: subdivision, removal of boundaries. A6.3 1:10560 • Buildings annotated “Steadham House” on tithe map OS plan now annotated “Stidham Farm”. • House (MBN9336) depicted on southern side of Bath Road within site. • “Gravel pit” in northern portion of site. • Central portion of site forms part a “nursery”. • Buildings to the south-east of site annotated “Wickhouse Farm”, “Cottage Farm” and “Manor House”; • Buildings immediately outside western flank of site annotated “Ellsbridge House” (MBN9732) and includes lodge; buildings further to the west annotated “The Elms” and “The Grange” (MBN9335). • Buildings to the east of site annotated “Longreach House”. • Mile post/mile stone “London” indicated on northern side of the GWR; • Area of land immediately to the east of site annotated “Chalk’s Well”; • Lane depicted running along part of western flank of site annotated “Pixash Lane”; • Midland Railway (SGHER4769) depicted to the east of site. • Layout of fields is generally unchanged from 1888 2nd Edition 1901 map. 1:10560 • Nursery in central portion of site is annotated OS plan 1905 “Longreach Nursery”; includes building (?greenhouse). • Outbuildings depicted in various locations. • Gravel pit on 1880s OS sheet now annotated “Old Gravel Pit”; • New lane depicted crossing southern portion of site in roughly east/west direction and annotated “Breaches Lane”. • Pump (P) indicated adjacent to western flank of site. • Further buildings depicted in central portion of site to 3rd Edition 1920 the north of Bath Road including “Tangent Works”. A6.4 1:10560 • Lane (later World’s End Lane) depicted crossing central Map Date General Observations Fig. OS plan 1933 portion of site in roughly east/west direction. • Gravel pit depicted in northern portion of site (to the south of disused pit). • Spring indicated on eastern flank of site, annotated “rises”. • Short cul-de-sac leading off the Bath Road annotated “Ellsbridge Cl.” Figure A6.2: Tithe Map of Parish of Keynsham Figure A6.3: 1st Edition OS Plan (1888) Figure A6.4: 3rd Edition OS Plan (1920-33) Air Photographs 6.10 An examination of air photographs held by the English Heritage Archive in Swindon was carried out, based on a 1km radius around the approximate centre of the site. A selection of these photos was examined, listed below (see Table A6.2). Features identified are discussed in this appendix with the photo reference noted. Table A6.2: List of photographs examined Sortie Library No Frame Date RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 3369 1946 RAF/CPE/UK/1815 496 5049 1946 RAF/CPE/UK/1815 496 5051 1946 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 4168 1946 RAF/CPE/UK/2433 762 4036 1948 RAF/CPE/UK/2489 764 5129 1948 RAF/CPE/UK/2489 764 5131 1948 RAF/540/479 1205 3152 1951 RAF/540/479 1205 3153 1951 RAF/540/1649 1673 257 1955 RAF/543/2332 2166 232 1963 RAF/543/2332 2166 231 1963 RAF/543/2332 2166 232 1963 RAF/106G/LA/45 3932 5007 1944 RAF/106G/LA/45 3932 5009 1944 RAF/106G/LA/45 3932 5011 1944 RAF/106G/LA/45 3932 5182 1944 RAF/106G/LA/45 3932 5184 1944 RAF/106G/LA/45 3932 5186 1944 RAF/106G/LA/45 3932 5313 1944 RAF/106G/LA/45 3932 5315 1944 RAF/82/1127 3937 35 1955 RAF/82/1127 3937 77 1955 RAF/82/1127 3937 76 1955 RAF/82/1127 3937 78 1955 RAF/106G/LA/45 3932 5313 1944 Sortie Library No Frame Date RAF/106G/LA/45 3932 5315 1944 RAF/82/1127 3937 35 1955 RAF/82/1127 3937 77 1955 RAF/82/1127 3937 76 1955 RAF/82/1127 3937 78 1955 OS/85181 10730 72 1985 OS/85181 10730 73 1985 OS/85181 10730 93 1985 OS/85181 10730 94 1985 OS/85181 10730 95 1985 OS/60061 11498 37 1960 Historic Landscape Characterisation for the former County of Avon 6.11 The site is situated across four Historic Landscape Character Areas (HLCA) as classified by the Avon Historic Landscape Characterisation. 6.12 To the north of the railway line the site is classified as Post Medieval and modern fields adjusted from earlier (i.e. A1) enclosures. The railway line itself is classifies as Large Scale Utility Landscapes. To the south of the railway line the landscape outside of the housing areas is classified as Late Medieval enclosed open fields created by local arrangement and exchange. The areas of housing either side of the A4 within the site are classified as Settlement, specifically the Twentieth century (‘New’ or ‘Modern’) HLCA. Figure A6.5 shows the HLCAs within 1km. Figure A6.5: HLCAs within 1km of East Keynsham 6.13 The main characteristics of these HLCAs are as follows: Post Medieval and modern fields adjusted from earlier (i.e. A1) enclosures: “Although the county contains hardly any common field enclosures brought about by 18th or 19th century acts of parliament, similar field patterns have been produced by the local rationalisation and consolidation of land. These ‘adjusted fields also tend to be large and rectilinear, but are less ‘geometrical’ and better adjusted to the natural terrain….”1 Large Scale Utility Landscapes: “Built…includes large scale communications such as railways, canals, motorways and airports. Public services include power station, sewage works etc.”2 Late Medieval enclosed open fields created by local arrangement and exchange: “Fields of relatively small size and regular in outline, and generally follow the natural lie of the 3 land…” 1 Page 6 Mike Chapman, 1997. Avon Historic Landscape Classification (first draft) 1995-8. 2 Page 18 Mike Chapman, 1997. Avon Historic Landscape Classification (first draft) 1995-8. 3 Page 5 Mike Chapman, 1997. Avon Historic Landscape Classification (first draft) 1995-8. Other documents consulted 1.14 The following documents were also referred to: • Bath & North East Somerset Council (2013) Core Strategy Update • Colvin, H (1954) A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600-1840 • English Heritage (2008) Conservation Principles: policies and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment • English Heritage, The National Heritage List • English Heritage (2011) The Setting of Heritage Assets • Forsyth, M (2004) Bath: Pevsner City Guide • Pevsner, N (1958) The Buildings of England: North Somerset and Bristol • Arup, 2013.
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