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Aquatic Species and Habitat Assessment: Wenatchee, Entiat, Methow, and Okanogan Watersheds

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Aquatic Species and Habitat Assessment: Wenatchee, Entiat, Methow, and Okanogan Watersheds AQUATIC SPECIES AND HABITAT ASSESSMENT: WENATCHEE, ENTIAT, METHOW, AND OKANOGAN WATERSHEDS National Marine Fisheries Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U. S. Forest Service Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Confederated Tribes of the Yakama Indian Nation Confederated Tribes of the Colville Indian Reservation Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Nation Chelan County Public Utility District Douglas County Public Utility District Grant County Public Utility District April 1998 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A large component of this document is based upon the authors’ knowledge of the fish and aquatic habitat resources of the Mid-Columbia Region. Many of the assertions and recommendations are based upon our professional judgement. However, we made a concerted effort to substantiate our statements with information derived from completed and ongoing research--some published, some not. Since this work was based upon the collaborative efforts of over a dozen entities within the region, we were given access to proprietary information and data sets developed for other purposes. We thank all those who shared the results of their work for our use in the development of this assessment. It is our expectation that the results of this work--region wide habitat protection and restoration--will benefit those who assisted us. Many private individuals donated their time to review and comment on earlier drafts of this document. We thank them also. Robert Bugert Mid-Columbia Public Utility Districts Dale Bambrick Yakama Indian Nation Larrie LaVoy Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Sandy Noble U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Brian Cates U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ken MacDonald U.S. Forest Service Scott Carlon National Marine Fisheries Service Steve Hays Chelan County Public Utility District Joe Lukas Grant County Public Utility District Phil Archibald U.S. Forest Service Katherine March Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Kevin Bauersfield Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Shane Bickford Douglas County Public Utility District Copies of this document can be obtained from: Chelan County Public Utility District Number 1 Post Office Box 1231 Wenatchee, WA 98807-1231 LIST OF ACRONYMS BCME British Columbia Ministry of Environment BFCW Bankfull channel width BLM Bureau of Land Management BMP Best Management Practice CCT Colville Confederated Tribes CCCD Chelan County Conservation District cfs cubic feet per second CRMP Coordinated Resource Management Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESA Endangered Species Act ESU Evolutionarily Significant Unit FH Fish Hatchery GDU Genetic Diversity Unit HCP Habitat Conservation Plan ha hectare IFIM Instream flow incremental methodology JARPA Joint Aquatic Resource Permit Application LWD Large woody debris MAF Million acre feet NFH National Fish Hatchery NFP National Forest Plan NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service NRCS Natural Resource Conservation Service OCCD Okanogan County Conservation District PHS Priority Habitats and Species PUD Public Utility District RCW Revised Code of Washington RK River kilometer SASSI Salmon and Steelhead Stock Inventory TAC Technical Advisory Committee TMDL Total maximum daily load USDA United States Department of Agriculture USFS United States Forest Service USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service WAU Watershed Administrative Unit WDFW Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife WDOE Washington Department of Ecology WDOT Washington Department of Transportation WFPB Washington Forest Practices Board WNF Wenatchee National Forest WRIA Water Resource Inventory Area YIN Yakama Indian Nation TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 1 1.1: Aquatic Diversity .................................................................. 1 1.2: Affected Species .................................................................. 2 1.3: Geographic Scope ................................................................. 6 1.4: River Processes ................................................................... 7 1.5: Habitat Requirements of Riparian and Aquatic Species .................................... 9 1.6: Recommended Approach to Increase Aquatic Productivity and Diversity ..................... 11 1.6.1: General Strategy .......................................................... 13 1.6.2: Habitat Protection ......................................................... 13 1.6.3: Habitat Restoration ........................................................ 13 1.6.4: Hatchery Production ....................................................... 13 THE WENATCHEE WATERSHED ................................................................ 14 SECTION 2: ASSESSMENT OF AQUATIC SPECIES IN THE WENATCHEE WATERSHED ........... 14 2.1: Commercially and Culturally Important Fish Species ..................................... 14 2.1.1: Ocean-type anadromous salmonids ........................................... 14 2.1.2: Stream-type anadromous salmonids ........................................... 14 2.1.3: Inland fish ............................................................... 16 SECTION 3: ASSESSMENT OF HABITAT CONDITION IN THE WENATCHEE WATERSHED ........ 17 3.1: Basin Setting and Demographics .................................................... 17 3.1.1 Basin ownership and land use .................................................. 17 3.1.2: Water resources and management ............................................ 19 3.1.3: Regional and local considerations ............................................ 21 3.2: Historical and Existing Aquatic Habitat Conditions ...................................... 22 3.2.1: Riparian and stream channel condition ........................................ 22 3.2.2: Lake Wenatchee .......................................................... 26 3.2.3: Wetland Resources ........................................................ 26 3.3: The Relationship of Existing Aquatic Habitat Conditions to Biological Productivity ............ 26 SECTION 4: RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES FOR THE WENATCHEE WATERSHED ............... 29 4.1: Habitat Protection ................................................................ 29 4.2: Habitat Restoration ............................................................... 29 THE ENTIAT WATERSHED ..................................................................... 32 SECTION 5: ASSESSMENT OF AQUATIC SPECIES IN THE ENTIAT WATERSHED ................. 32 5.1: Commercially and Culturally Important Fish Species ..................................... 32 5.1.1: Ocean-type anadromous salmonids ........................................... 32 5.1.2: Stream-type anadromous salmonids ........................................... 32 5.1.3: Inland fish ............................................................... 34 SECTION 6: ASSESSMENT OF HABITAT CONDITION IN THE ENTIAT WATERSHED .............. 34 6.1: Basin Setting and Demographics .................................................... 34 6.1.1 Basin ownership and land use ............................................... 34 6.1.2: Water resources and management ............................................ 37 6.2: Historical and Existing Aquatic Habitat Conditions ...................................... 39 6.2.1: Riparian and stream channel condition ........................................ 39 6.2.2: Wetland resources ......................................................... 43 6.3: The Relationship of Existing Aquatic Habitat Conditions to Biological Productivity ............ 44 6.3.1: Stream Channel Conditions .................................................... 44 SECTION 7: RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES FOR ENTIAT WATERSHED ......................... 45 7.1: Habitat Protection ................................................................ 45 7.2: Habitat Restoration ............................................................... 45 THE METHOW WATERSHED ................................................................... 47 SECTION 8: ASSESSMENT OF AQUATIC SPECIES IN THE METHOW WATERSHED ............... 47 8.1: Commercially and Culturally Important Fish Species ..................................... 47 8.1.1: Ocean-type anadromous salmonids ........................................... 47 8.1.2: Stream-type anadromous salmonids ........................................... 47 8.1.3: Inland fish ............................................................... 50 SECTION 9: ASSESSMENT OF HABITAT CONDITION IN METHOW WATERSHED ................ 50 9.1: Basin Setting and Demographics .................................................... 50 9.2.1 Basin ownership and land use ............................................... 50 9.1.2: Regional and local considerations ............................................ 53 9.1.3: Water resources and management ............................................ 53 9.2: Historical and Existing Aquatic Habitat Conditions ...................................... 55 9.2.1: Riparian and stream channel condition ........................................ 55 9.3: The Relationship of Existing Aquatic Habitat Conditions to Biological Productivity ............ 58 SECTION 10: RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES FOR THE METHOW WATERSHED ................... 59 10.1: Habitat Protection ................................................................ 60 10.3: Habitat Restoration ............................................................... 60 THE OKANOGAN WATERSHED ................................................................. 61 SECTION 11: ASSESSMENT
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