1911. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 725 csted in the pending reciprocity agreement than in the old one. the case of Oharles 0. Baker, Sixtieth Congress, no adverse re A grent many egregious misstatements have been sent brond port having been made thereon. cust in the country ancl scattered particnlarly among the Mr. PETERS, by unanimous consent, wns given leave to with farmers. I shall as1: the inclnlgence of the Senate on i\Ionday draw from the files of the House, withoqt leaving copies, papers· next, after tile routine morniug business has been disposed of, in the case of Mary A. Fearing, Sixty-first Congress, no adverse to ncldress the Senate for a short time, in the hope of being report having been made thereon. aule to correct some of the misstatements of fact which certain LEAVE OF ADSENCE. people hu.Ye been so busy in spreading broadcast over the country. l\Ir. BERGER, hy unanimous consent, was given leave of absence EXE CuTIYR SESSION. for o::ie week on account of important business. l\Ir. CUI,JJOM. I mo-vc th:1t tlle Senate proceecl to the con THE TAI!.IFF. si information that you have in a.11 of the reports that have been turing interests of this country at the expense of the farmer, given to you by the different depnrtments. Unless you do more at the expense of the ultimate consumer. [Applause on tho legililation for the good of the people you will be di;iven from the Republican side.] So much for that. Now, let us go a little · seat of power. further with this other bill you arc now presenting to the So much for that. Now, you have reached another bill people. You call it a farmers' free-list bill. We are calling it the Canadian reciprocity measure. That has passed this House. the farmers' "fake" bill. That is what it is. You have For the life of me I do not know what kind of a measure it is. stricken him down, you have cut off both ot his legs, and Gentlemen on the other side say that it is a Democratic me~s there he is bleeding, and then you say, "Here, I will let you ure. The majority of the Republicans who voted on this buy plows a little cheaper somewhere else." Where can he side--78 against and 64 for-said it was not a Republican meas buy them? Can you tell me? ure, and I was one of those that so voted. Nowhere do I find My clistinguished colleague from Illinois [Mr. MANN] put in in the history of my party, in the speeches that I have made the RECORD f.i;om the International Harvester Co. that they wero for 20 years or more to the farmers, nowhere do I find any selling reapers, mowers, binders, and different kinds of im where, from platform or speech, anything which says that the plements cheaper in this country than in any country in the farmers shall be stricken down for the benefit of some other world. Whern are you going to get these cheaper products for country, for the benefit of 3ome other people who do not pay the farmer? Where are they? Nowhere. [Applause on the our taxes, who do not defend our flag, who do not care for. Republican side.] Now, let us go a little further. Your theory, the interests of this country as our own citizens have to care my Democratic friends, is that whQn the tariff is added to the for them. Let us take the reciprocity bill that was passed. cost of an article the consumer pays it, and to that extent it is Why was it passed? I do not know. Is it a good bill? Some a burden. According to the statement of .Mr. UNDERWOOD, agri say yes. The President of the United States only last night said cultural implements pay a tariff of $12,189. Twelve thousand this: one hundred and eighty-nine dollars is the tariff tax added. to We tendered to the Canadian commissioners absolute free trade in the farmer of this country for buying agricultural implements! all products of either country, manufactured or natural, but the Cana Now you propose to give him free trade with all the world. dian commissioners did not feel justified in going so far. Oh, but you do take care of your own friends, you do, my Why? Why did they not? They made a bnrgain with us Democratic friends on the other side, and most of them are the most unconscionable bargain that was e>er entered into by south of Mason and Dixon line. You are in the sadd,le polit this counh·y with any other country, the most one-sided. What ical1y, you are dominating the policies of your party, and you do we get? Free products of the Canadian farmer;· all that he ought to; you have been loyal and devoted to the pnrty and raises and produces in the form of natural products are made you believe in its principles; why should not you? When it free. What benefit does the American farmer get in exchange? comes to your side you find cotton bagging, sacks, and burlnp None. What is the expression of the President of the United amount to $6,877,677. In other words, it is a sectional bill. States last night in that same speech? Ten millions of dollars to be taken away from the Treasury and The effect ls not going, in my judgment, to lower the specific prices $8,000,000 gh·en to the Southern States as a result of that, of agricultural products in our counh·y. and yet we are all receiving petitions and communications f~·om To lower the specific prices ! The word 11 specific " is used, your cotton interests asking us and begging us to stand up pointing out definitely that it will nat lower the prices in this against it. But we find there is a loss of revenue. Mr. UN country. How can he square that with the statement that this DERWOOD stated. that tho loss by reason of Canadian reci measure is passed to relieve the ultimate consumer in his high procity was $5,000,000 from the Treasury. The President cost of living in this country? If this bill does not reduce the says it means no clamage to the producer; that the producer prices to the farmer, why are we seeking to pass it? Whnt is loses nothing and the consumer loses nothing. It is all beau the purpose of this extra session if this measure gives no relief? tiful and altruistic, and yet it loses to the Treasury of tho Does it leave the price of the farmer's product exactly as it is? United States $5,000,000 on account of Canadian reciprocity and Oh, no; it does not. The Canadian commissioners knew it did $10,000,000 by this fake bill; in all, $15,000,000 taken out of the not. They declined to let in manU;factured products on the Treasury. What is the condition to-day? April 26, 1911, state free list, and why? Because it was not to their interests to do ment of the Treasury-and here is the dark shadow of Demo so. What ha-ve we done? We have gl-ven to Canadrr the free cratic tariff agitation, the shadow that will grow to the gloom market of the United States, with its over $20,000,000,000 of it did under the Wilson-Gorman bill, and it may be tl.rnt the trade within its own limits. The combined trades of all of Treasury· will be depleted and the time may be, if you get in the waters of the world outside of the United States aro not complete control, that you will have to issue bonds to pay the equal to the free trade that exists beween our States. We running expenses of the Government. Here is the statement of invite them to come into our market. We say to the farmer, April 26, 1911. The excess of expenditures over receipts was "You shall not ha-ve any protection-this protection that we $5,6138,015.26. Reau the statements in the public press, and you have preached all of our life, that the farm and the factory will find the receipts are going off in internal revenue and cus- should be side by side, the one producing and the other con toms receipts. Men are working upon part time. ' suming, thus making the home market." Yet with one fell They are beginning to curtail and reduce their forces, and swoop we have destroyed the arguments of a lifetime and said you are starting out with the conditions along the line of free there is nothing in it for the farmer, that his competitor's prod trade. But, to your credit, you are honest in your views- ucts must come in free. What does the manufacturer get in The CIIAIRl\IA.N. The time of the gentleman has expired. exchange for all this? Let us see. Mr. DALZELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield. to the gentleman five If he happens to be a maker of biscuits, cakes, combined with minutes more. chocolate, under the present law he pays 35 per cent, and under Mr. ADA.IR. Will the gentleman yield for a question? the new proposed law he will pay 32~ per cent. In other Mr. PRINCE. I have not the time to yield in five minutes. words, the farmer is soicl out to girn the candy fellow 2! per The President in his speech-and I am most kindly disposed cent of reduction. What else? Plows, farm wagons, under the toward him, and I only differ with him on this proposition present law 25 per cent, reduced 2i per cent. There is a reduc states that in the other countries they are talking about an tion of 2i per cent in favor of the manufacturer on one side nexation. What is the history of the American people? We and free trade to the farmer on the other-to 0,000,000 of men might as well be frank and honest. Americans went into Texas, who are just beginning to get some profits. You take from them Americanized. it, and it was annexed as a part of this great the profits of their farms, you take from them the products of Union. Americans went into Hawaii, Americanized it, and an their labor and give it over to the other fellow, if you please, nexed it. And if these bright young men that the President in the face of his getting 2! per cent. Take plows, 20 per cent speaks of in his speech-these clever, active, virile, vigorous under the present law, 15 per cent under the proposed agreement. young men from the farms of Illinois and northern States, tho I say to you, read this bill from start to finish and you will see it thousands and hundreds of thousands of them-go up into that is the most unconscionable, the most unwise and onesided bar northland, 92 or 100 and more on this side, as against 7 on gain that was ever driven by any nation with another. There is the other, what do you think will ·be the effect of it? Have I nothing like it. Read it, and I challenge any man in favor of not a right to say that is the first step toward annexation? it to read it and see how he will make it out. Oh, but you Have they not a right to belleve it? Why have they not? The say, it does not affect the farmer. What do you want the bill present Speaker of this House in the last session of Congress for? It does not help the ultimate consumer. What do you said that he was in favor of taking Canada as a part of the want the bill for? . If you read it carefully you will see there United gtates. And this was the first step toward annexation. is a little kinky-headed fellow in the bill. The real purpose He is a plain, blunt, honest man, whom I admire for his frank of the bill is to enlarge the field. of exploitation in favor of the ness. [Applause.] Ile has never denied. that statement. I trusts, in favor of the combinations, in favor of the manufac- sar to my neighbors on the north : Be not deceived. When wo -- 1911. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 727" go into a country and get control of it, we take it. It is our Appointments made by tlto Pres-ident without confirmation by t71c Senate. history nnd it is right we should take it if we want it, and you Department: well State------~------ M might as understand it. The Speaker has so said; the Treasury ------ 0 party back of him has so said. You are in control. You· have War------0 - nc-rer denied it on the floor of this House, and you can not 84G 0 deny it. i~~rcom~~~~~~~~~~~~~==-======~======NavY------0 Now, let- us see if they bclie-ve it in the other country. Let Interior ------44 us see if the people of Cnnada believe in reciprocity and annex Agriculture------0 8 ation. 1 Thn,t reciprocity invol'ves· u.. national menace is the widespread opinion S?~m§~~~i;~ac~~~;sion======in Canada. A procession of McGill students, on the occasion of a vast Total (approximately)------!)!)3 antireciprocity muss meeting, carried mottoes reading: "This is a time of _nati~nal peril " ; " No bartering of our birthright"; "First step, Officers and employees undet· civil-scnJice regulations. rec1proc1ty; second step, · commercial union ; third step, nnnexatlon " ; Department: "Keep off the· annexation wolves." State------ 177 That is their view of us, and it is idle to say it is not being Treasury ------ 27,003 War------ 12,031) discussed. Justice------~------ G2u I want to say to you, my countrymen, in my judgment the Post Office------147, 727 21),000 reciprocity bill is the worst bill that was ever presented to this 1:l, 038 House, next to this fake bill wllich we arc now considering. ~~{iJ:~~:~~i~:~~:~======Agriculture------11, 438 You now have a worse one. H, 707 204 I am a Republican. While I felt keenly the fact that u great Government8f.:r1m~~~;i~dc~~~0i~£lon:::=:::::::::::::::::::::=::::::::== Pl;inting Office ______=====:::::::=====_ :l, 610 body of my ixirty, 64 of them, representing manufacturing in Interstate Commerce Commission (approximately) ______586 terests, slloul Federal machine and give the people an efficient service. It desired, not only the form but the substance of not a little but costs the people of the country about $245,000,000 annually to one of the greatest monarchs of the world. The power is pres run it, and yet the service is_ deplorable. It is the only ent; it is vested; all it needs is ambition to make it real, to call $245,000,000 business in the world run at a loss every year. it into execution. Grant that the ambition is dormant, yet it [Applause on tbe Democratic side.] Wby so? Too little atten is true that power will intoxicate the best hearts and sh·ongest tion to business an nut it is not materinl to this discussion to determine to which Now, without reading them, I ask unanimous consent to class a saw properly belongs, because in another section in the insert in tbe UECORD a few decisions of the Supreme Court on Payne-Aldrich bill saws of nll kinds are mentioned by name, this matter. and. under all the decisions this fixes the status of saws. You The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from l\Iississippi asks can not repeal !l cbuse of the Payne-Aldrich bill or change the unanimous consent to have printed in the R ECORD, witllout read status of an article mentioned tllercin unless you mention it by ing them, certain decisions of the court. Is there objection? name or mention in tbe arncnumcnt tlle article whose status is Tbere was no objection. to l>e cl.lunged; so the criticism of the gentleman from Illinois The decisions referred to a.re us follows: [Mr. MANN] is not a just one against the Ways and Means The rule that an article, dutiable by its specific designation, will not Committee, because the law and the decisions of the courts, be affected by the general words of the same or another statute, which would otherwise embrace it, applies as well to statutes reducing duties witllout a single uissenting 011inion, are at variance with the as to those increasing them. This rule applies both to statutes reducing stntcment of the gentleman from Illinois. [.Applause on the and to statutes increasing duties. (Arthur v . Rheims, 96 U. S., 143.) Democrntic side.] His quarrel, then, is with the Supreme When an article is designated in a tariff act by a specific name, and a duty imposed upon it by such name, general terms in a later part of Comt and with the other courts of the country, and is not with the snme act, although sufficiently broad to comprehend such article, tlle Democratic Ways and l\feans Committee. are not appllcable to it. (Robertson v. Glendenning, 132 U. S., 158, Chief .Justice Fuller delivering the opinion.) Wby, be wanted to know about trace chains and wheelbar Under the principles laid down in Arthur v. Morrison, Arthur v. rows and various and sundry other articles, and askecl whether Lnbey, and Arthur v. Unkart, the specific designation should prevail, tboy were agricultural implements or not. He wanted to know an northern and the western farmers the largest proportion and give free sacks and free .binding twine and free wire for the the biggest encl of the proposition. I would not mention l\Iason farmers out West. and Dixon's line if my friend from Illinois had not done so, but For over 100 years the sontllern people have been engaged in two-thirds of the farmers of the country live north of 1\lason raising cotton. Cotton is the one commodity produced in the and Dixon's line, and they get seven or eight times as much of United States which always brings into our I.Jan.ks and into the benefit of this $6,000,000 as the farmers of the South do. our Treasury pure gold. It has becu the enormous pro This is snid in no partisan sense, been.use as the political that a low duty or free trade would destroy them; that there wheels of fortune turn it may roll around that this side of the would be smokeless factories; that there woulcl be men out of House may be repudiated; but it would be equally wrong for employment; and that all of the English people would be put this side of the House to legislate after they bud been repudi in a condition of dire distress. Yet he went before the people ated at the Polls. However, the last House, or n large part of with tho simple statement: them, having no responsibility to a constituency, were permitted I will not with my vote and with my consent give one Englishman n.nd did vote on tllese bills n.nd did fix the expenses of the Gov an advwta.ge over u.nother Englishmn.n. I will not permit one En:;llsti man by rignt of a special privilege from the Go>crnment to extract ernment, so that it is almost impossible for this Democratic from the pockets of another EngUshm:m a tribute not for tllo Govern House to reduce the expenses of the Government, because so ment, but as a private profit.' mn.ny fixed charges ha.Ye been created by the lasj; Republican Therefore he ad10cated a ta.riff which would only tux the Bouse and Senate which must be paid out of the Trca.sury. It noncompetitive articles, so that the increased price would go is now incumbent on the majority in the House to be sure that into the treasury of Engl'lnd. It was only a short time after in dealing with the tariff n.nd the revenues it gets enough money this policy went into. effect until the English fleet was in e1ery to run the Government. That is our highest duty, because as sen., until the mighty leviathans of the deep bore the products Democrats we believe in le1ying n tariff only for revenue, but of the English factories to all the world and brought back the we believe in levying enough tariff to get enough revenue. The raw materials which has made England to-day the strong and Government must meet promptly her every obligation. There powerful nation that she is, and terrorizes the Hepublicans when fore it is necessary that a good deal of care be used in chang they begin to think about being put in competition with her. ing these schedules. I say this not been.use I have n.ny sort of [.Applause on the Democratic side.] But since we have n con patience with this infamous doctrine of protection, which is so dition and not a theory to deal with, it is absolutely necessary hateful to me, but with the necessities of the Government as th.fit we raise the revenue to run this Government. The Repub they arc to-day the Democrats must raise enough revenue, licans want to know whei·e we ure going to get the revenue. though they are compelled to permit an evil which has done Under the present regime you ta...'r beer, whisky, and playing more to corrupt public men and clone more to send vicious men cards. I introduced a bill in the Inst session of Congress, but to this Capitol looking to their special interests, and more to for a reason which I will not state now that bill did not get out induce capital to buy voters to send men to Congress, than all of the Committee on Ways and Means. I have introduced the of the other influences combined. [Applause on the Democratic same bill this session. It is a bill to put an internal-re\enue side.] If a mnn has built up his business behind certain pro tux upon the manufacture and sale of all pistols, dirk knives, tection, he says that he must haYe his protection or his business sword canes, and cartridges of all kinds and character. Now, is destroyed, and Republicans lery tribute then upon his busi you tax whish-y and playing cards. Do not pistols, curds, and ness, stating that he may have it protected and cared for whisky go together? Ought not they to be den.It with in the through them. same manner? [Applause on the Democratic side.] The num You need not endea1or to frighten me by calling me a free ber of pistols sold in the United States is something like trader. I am not frightened with the term, but I am dealing 500,000 annually. I would like to ask this question: Why with a condition and not with a theory. If I hnd the ma.king should we not place u tax upon these articles? Will some gen of the law, I certainly would not write the Constitution as it is tleman rise in his seat and tell for what good purpose a pistol now written with reference to revenue, but the fathers who is made? made this Republic were afraid that they would not get l\fem bers to come to Congress; they were afraid it would not be Why should not the men engaged in the infamous business of ratified and held together, and they devised this iniquitous sys manufacturing deadly weapons and inducing our boys to pur tem of raising revenue, so that the people would not know when chase them pay some of the expense of runn.lng tne Government? they pnld it. I would not be so much opposed to this tariff The man who manufactures liquor is denounced in pulpit and if, as a matter of fact, the increased price, because of the duties press because of the business he is engaged in. The retailer of on articles on the dutiable list, went into the Treasury. I intoxicating liquors is denounced as an outcast. They are both would not sny a word, because the Government would then get required to pay an internal-revenue tax been.use their business the benefit of it, but the thing that is so iniquitous is that dur tends to enl and not good. When men buy liquor they ru·e buy ing the Dingley tariff-and I ha.Ye not had· the opportunity to ing that which causes them harm, not goocl. Yet a snloon would investigate the question so far as the Payne bill is concerned, rarely be stained with human blood if the man drinking intoxi bot it is even worse under it-I found that the tax was small cating liquor did not have in his pocket a concealed w,eapon. compared to the enormous tribute which we pay the protected The liquor, in the absence of the deadly weapon, might cause industries. When during the debate on the Payne bill I stated men to get into broils and fisticuffs, but rarely would there be the amount of tribute, some of my Democratic colleagues said blood shecl. But the liquor fires up men's blood and causes that I had overstated it. However, a distingulshed Senator at the quarrel, and then, armed with a deadly weapon, the quarrel the other end of the Capitol, the late lamentecl Sona.tor Dolli\er ends in a tragedy. in one of the best tariff speeches that I heard during the Inst If nll the tears that these manufacturers of deadly weapons session of Congress, arrived at the same conclusion. I do not have been directly the cause of could be collected together, they think that the distinguishecl Senator e\er saw the speech that would produce a mighty river of sorrow. If all the groans they I ru::ide on the question, but I was very much gratified to sec h:we caused could be concentrated into one sound, it would that I was confirmed by one so learned as the distinguished shake tho universe with agony. If the blood they hnve c:rnsed Senator from Iowa. to be shed could be seen together, it would make n crimson Let me state the facts again for your consideration in order ocean. If the widows n.nd orphans which they have made could that you may see how wicked and iniquitous this present tariff be gathered together, it would make an army that no mnn could system is. We got, in 1005, the la.st official statistics that number. If all the felons that they hnvc caused could be gath I have examined, about three hundred and odd millions of dol ered into one place of confinement, it would con1ert the earth lars from impost or tariff taxes. During that year the total con into one vast prison. If every gallows they h:ne caused to ba sumption was something like $14,000,000,000. The average duty erected could be seen together, it would make n. mi~hty monu was about 45 cents and a fraction, so that if the Dingley tariff ment of horror. If all they have cost the people of the earth was a scientific bill, if the Dingley tariff was a tariff which was could be convcrtccl into food and clothiug, there would be no made in accordance with scientific rules and gave the protectiou more want, hunger, or poverty. which its friends say wns needed, and if the men on this side of These men engagecl. in the manufacture of these deadly the tariff wall took advantage of that protection, the people paid weapons ought to be looked upon with more disrespect th.fin over and above what they ought to have paid to the manufac men· engaged in almost any other business. Wlly should it be turers who are engaged in producing the four thousand and odd legalized? This is a cinlizecl country. No samgc red man now articles on the dutiable list the enormous sum of something like roams our fields nor lurks in the alleys of our citits. No wild $4,000,000,000 oyer and above the world's price for these articles beasts infest our fair country. There is no reason wlly this ns a net profit. [.Applnusc on the Democratic side.] When I business should be fostered. They supply the men.ns which made this statement here my friends saicl I was mistaken, and cause murderous men of civ-ilization to be more dreaded than yet Senator Dolliver made that statement on the floor of the the savage red man or wild beast. These manufacturers of pis Senate, that it amounted to about $4,000,000,000 mote than the tols, dirks, und stilettos are exercising their ingenuity to make 90,000,000 American people ought to pay. [.Applause on the customers for th;eir deadly wares. They fill our newspapers r..nd Democratic side.] This is the enormous profit which you put magazines with attracti"re advertisements to induce our boys to into private hands through the arm: of the Government To that buy pistols that produce murderers. we object seriously. Mr. Gladstone, when he made an assault Why not tax: them? What good reason can we gi"Vc why they, upon the protected interests of England, at first hnd a terrible should not be taxed? Whisky, cards, and pistols go together. struggle, been.use the protected industries in England claimed Why not tax them together? Whisky and cards would be less 734 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 28, harmful if there were no concealed weapons. Whisky now Mr. SISSON. I am glad to know that my good friend is not bears its burden of internal re\enue; playing cards are also opposed to my bill. Let us furnish them with rifles and not taxed. . Whisky can be put to good uses. Cards may be used in with pistols. Battles are won with rifles, not pistols. innocent social amusements, but to what good use can a pistol J\fr. SIMS. And if you are dealing with deadly weapons, do or a dirk or a stiletto be put? They are made to kill human you not think you ought to do something with automobiles in beings; not in the open, not to gi\e a fair chance and equal the way of tax? opportunity, but to cowardly take your fellow man unawares Mr. SISSON. I am glad my distinguished friend suggests and deprive him of his life. Why should men carry them ex automobiles in connection with deadly weapons. I am a coun ~ept for this reason? There can be no other. try boy, and am now living in a small town, and I have done Let us tax pistols, not plows. [.Ap11lnuse.] more dodging-and ducking to keep out of the way of those things Let us tax dirk knives, not disk harrows. [.Applause.] than nll other dangers combined since I have been in Washing Let us tax pistol cartridges, not corn planters. [Applause.] ton. I think the gentleman from Tennessee vroperly classes If men will engage in manufacturing pietols, dirks, stilettos, them as deadly wen11ons. They, too, would be a splendid sub· and other such weapons for sale, let them be compelled to pay ject for an internal-revenue tax.. the Government something when they do it. It is not the province of the United States GoYernment to pre\ent their man AGRICULTURE. ufacture, but it is her rigllt to levy a tax upon them to help Now, gentlemen, I shall not detain the committee longer. I pay the expenses of the Go\ernment, and it should be exercised want to say, in concluding my remarks, that whatever injures at this time. Our Treasury needs the re\enue. Let us get at or tends to injure agriculture, whatever tends to destroy the least $2,000,000 by taxing this evil. It can not produce any prosperity of the farm, will absolutely destroy the prosperity e\il, but a great good. of this country. No man questions that statement. This is Too many of the great daily newspapers are owned and sup why I am supporting this bill. Let us give farmers free tools ported by the protected interests of the country, and they dis to work with. courage any movement to raise re\enue except through the Tlle great cities can not thrive, they can not live a single tariff, which enables their masters to support them, to rob the month, without the produce of the farm that is carried there people of more than $10 where the Government gets $1 in taxes. to feed them. The great factories can not run without that So to raise $2,000,000 by a tax upon deadly weapons and car produce. There is one business that always adds to the wealth tridges would cost the protected mannfacturer $10,000,000 in of the world, and it is the only business that adds absolutely profits, because you could then put a few necessities on the free to the wealth of the world something that did not exist before. list. They would rather let these men who manufacture deauly You may take, if you please, the iron in the bowels of the weapons and put them into the hands of the lawless for the earth and you may convert it into different shapes and into express purpose of murdering .American citizens continue in usabl~ forms, but you have produced no more iron. You may their aiding and abetting in all the homicides in the country go into the gold mines and into the silver mines and you can than to give up the protection afforded by the collection of dig out the last ounce, but there is one business that men engage ~2,000,000 of import duties. That is, when Congress assumes in by which they always, every year, add something to the this attitude it seems that they would make it cheap for men '"ealth of the world without taking anything from it. You -engaged in ~anufacturing deadly weapons by leaving the bur- plant and you reap ten, twenty, yea one hundred fold of new den upon honest consumers, the men, women, children, widows, wealth, wealth that did not tixist before, and the world is richer and orphans who toil, rather than tax these men who are en thereby and no wealth has been useu up. The farmer is the basis gaged in manufacturing these deadly weapons. of all our civilization. Upon his broad shoulders rest all the The only people who are consulted, the only ad\ice that comes balance of the human family. It is the duty of Congress to re to Congress, 'is from the rich. Congress is too far away from moTe from these shoulders every burden that it can. Whether the people and too close to the interests. If all the good men we live in the country or in the city our g1meral prosperity will in .America who believe in placing a tax upon deadly weapons be advanced by advancing the interest of agriculture. would write to their Congressmen and Senators the mail would The farmer needs more education and training than any other be loaded down. Let every minister of the Gospel, of what class of people. It requires the highest degree of intellectual ever faith or persuasion, every college professor, every school development to make a successful farmer. It is necessary that teacher, every banker, merchant, far.mer, and all law-abiding he understand how to improve his land by building it up with people who lo\e life and not death, who would dispense sun proper cultivation. To do this requires some scientific knowl· shine and not shadow, who would have the wine of joy and not edge. Farm management, to be successful, requires good busi the blood of sorrow to flow in our land, who would remove from ness training. the human eye a tear and from the heart a pang of pain be heard from in this land in the matter of taxing these deadly In order to bring about this result the Government should fur weapons manufactured and sold by these men engaged in this nish him with all available information that it can secure from experiment and observation. Every effort should be made ~o hellish business and there will be a unanimous voice in favor of it. make counb·y life desirable. People have been deserting their My own people are sometimes charged with being " pistol farms IJecause life has not been attractive to their boys and girls. toters." [Applause and laughter.] We are also charged with putting too cheap a valuation on human life. Well, why do They long for better social opportunities and more lucrative you make these things and sell them to us? Either stop mak avocations. To prevent our farms being deserted we must bring ing them or stop lecturing us. [Laughter.] If you are going about n condition different from the past. The country boy and to continue to manufacture them, then tax them along with cards girl must be given equal opportunities with those of the towns and whisky and compel those who indulge the luxury to pay and cities. This can only be done by giving them good roads, for it. You can get $2,G00,000 or $3,000,000 of revenue from good scllools, and good churches. This will enable the .farmer not only to get the products of his farm quickly and with l~ss this source. cost to market, but it will enable his family to enjoy the better My distinguished friend from Mississippi [Mr. Hm.rPrrREYSl opportunities to worship and his chilc1.ren better schools to suggests another remedy. There is now a tax of 2 cents a pack attend. The successful management of the farm, the improve· on playing cards. Why not make it 10 cents? This would ment of the farm, making country life desirable, filling the tax another business to an extent that the Government would country with good schools and good churches, building good derive some real benefit from. roads so that the farmers may not only get their produce Mr. HUGHES of New Jersey. Will the gentleman yield? cheaply to market, but that they may also enjoy the opportuni Mr. SISSON. Certainly. ties of worship, that their children may attend school, and that Mr. HUGHES of New J'ersey. What would be the effect of they may come in larger numbers and inc~·ease. the ef:Ilciency of sour tax on pistols on marksmanship? Would that tend to the schools-in order that you mny maintam this strong founda· discourage the practice of the noble art? tion of all life it is absolutely essential that every acre of land Mr. SISSON. I think so; and if the mark was a human being be made to produce the greatest amount during each given year. it would be well to stop the training. Our boys shoot too true In addition to this, you must remove from his. shoulders every now. unfair and unnecessary burden, so that farm life may be made Mr. HUGHES of New Jersey. · I hope the gentleman ls not as profitable as possible. goin~ to put me in the position of opposing his effort to tax But under the system that has been in vogue under the system pistols. There is a grca t deal being said in the various civilized of taxation which has prevailed for 50 years the farmer has countries of the world as to making the citizen soldiery capable been the one man who has received no benefit, but all the burden of handling firearms and hitting the marks at which they aim. from the system of taxation which you have put in operation. Would it have a tendency to discourage that? [.Applause on the Democratic side.] 1911. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 735 It is utterly impossible to devise n. plan-human ingenuity cun Mr. Chairman, when I was a boy I rend the story of the not devise a plan-where you may enable men to get enormous Riddle of the Sphinx. The King of Thebes had been annoyed prices for food products unless you make somebody else suffer. for a long time by the sphinx that lived in the rocks near I belieye the farmer is entitled to a fair nnd full remuneration one of the roads through a mountain pass that his subjects for every day's labor that he puts on the farm. But he docs were compelled to travel in getting into and out of his kingdom. not get that, ior under this system of protection which you The sphinx would ask each passer-by a riddle, an UNDERWOOD] says is to be sn-.;-ecl the farmer in duty upon im reciprocity that begins at home in a square deal between the ports, is levied against bagging for cotton, sacks, burlaps, aml tiller of the soil and the worker in the mm, without the inter so forth, and cotton ties. I can not agree that either measure ference of any foreign nation. [Applause on the Republican is in the interest of the farmer or the cotton planter, or the in side.] dustrialist, nnd I shall vote against this properly labeled free ALTRUISM .AND DilE~DWINNING. trade wedge with the same sincerity and earnestness that I Since reciprocity, as it has been communicated to us by the voted against the entering wedge of reciprocity. Democratic leaders, is now synonymous with free trade what MAKING A CAT'S-PAW OF TIIE FARMER. will it profit us as a people? .Are we so prosperous that {-.;-c can Throughout this whole discussion it has been apparent that give away our substance without inviting the shadow? .Are the American farmer was to be made the cat's-paw of the we not pursuing the course of him who " is worse than an Democratic propaganda. He has been held aloo! from his co infidel " if he provide th not for his own house? Or ha 1e we worker in the mill and his best customer in the city, and has become so powerful1. so benevolent and so altruistic, that we can been made to believe he would be the sole victim of reciprocity, take all nations to our bosom and still retain our industrial as the attempt is now being ma improve upon "Dad's" way that built up the cities and turned his l\fr. MOORE of Pennsylvania. The gentleman is proposing to industry and ingenuity to profit. What fault is to be found transfer the pure red blood of the American farmer into a for witll Wm if Ile laboreu in new · fields of industry and made eign country and depopulate his own country. That is what I labor profitable so that more money might be put into the object to. [Applause on the Republican side.] pocket of the farmer to give him a chance to come out of the If the gentleman wants to ask a question concerning the man backwoods? It was the farmer's boy, for there was none other ufacturer, because there is a bone of contention, I will say that to do it, who improved the old earthen roads and made trans the fear I have is that the bill which the gentleman advocates portation possible. He saw the advantages of reaching out be means that men who have capital, who have enterprise, who yonu the narrow limits of the eastern settlements, and it was can find more favorable conditions of manufacture in foreign he who penetrated the West with railroads that now make the countries where the labor is· cheaper, will leave the United farmer and the city dwel1er akin. He created the interme Information supplied the passenger department of the Canadian country. The farmers' free-list bill will depress the wages o~ Pacific Ilailway is that already upward of 45,000 American farmers are preparing to cross over the border and settle in the Canadian we::;t. It tllosc who manufacture the articles that are used by the farmer, is estimated that they will bring in at least $30,000,000 in property and and must necessarily decrease the farmer's profit. It should cash. The rush is nearly as great on other lines, while almost a stam be remembered, even by the farmer himself, that the wage pede of settlers, principally Scots, has set in from the mother country. e:irner in the streets and alleys of the great cities can not pur Was it goocl policy to let tilese farmers go, and will it be good -chn:rn at fair prices, the eggs and the butter and the beef and policy to send .Americnn manufactories after them, as suggested the potatoes that come from the farm, unless a. 'fair price is l.Jy the inquiry of the gentleman from Tennessee? obtained for the harrows and the plows and the textiles nnd Mr. BOWMAN. Mr. Chnirman, will the gentleman yield for the bagging and the cotton ties that go from the cities. Whether a question? a manufacturer makes too much or too little, is a small part of .Mr. MOORE of Perms lvania. Yes. the question. The manufacturer is on1y one man. The workers Mr. BOWMA...~ . Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask the gen in tile mills are thousands. Whnt the manufncturer ents is tleman if he h-nows how many men of the best in this country trifling. It is what tlle woTkman ents an.cl what the workmnn and how much money has gone to Canada during the last 20 or hns to pay for what he cats that mo st concerns us. The farmer 25 years to aid ancl encourage the industries of that country buys from the city occasionally, but the dweller in the c:ity if he has any statistics upon that subject? must buy from the farmer day by dny, :mu the wngc must be in Mr. MOORE of Pennsylvania. I ha\e some U.atn. that I will hand to pay or the worker will go hungry. put in the RECORD. I wrote this purt of rny address SO that I WIIE~ TIIE F.lillllER CO ~IES T O T OWN. would not ha\e to U.eal with statistics offhand, but I will say to the gentleman, if he is interested, that I do know of certain I woul Table 2 in the President's message gives the "Average wages with mills in Clayton and Bradford and president of a corporation with mills in Greystone, near Providence, It. I., America, I am in a prac· of agricultural labor, with board, in specified States, eastern tical position to we!gh the advantages and disadvantages of free trade Canada, and British Columbia," for 1900, as follows: and protection. The English and American mills comb spin, and weave exactly the same classes of wool, alpaca, and mohah·, and the same qualities of By the month. yarns and cloth are interchangeable. The machinery in all the mills are identically the same. Many of the work people at Greystone worked In harvest. in our Bradford mills. At Clayton and Greystone are cooperative Hiring by Hiring by stores managed entirely by the workingmen, and it would be very dif· tbe season. the year. tlcult, If not impossible, to obtain fairer conditions for comparing the cost of living In the two countries. A great amount of discussion is now being carried on regarding the 'United States: prices of the " food of the people," and in order that every family can Maine ...... •...... •.•...... $27. 60 $23.17 Sl. 63 ascertain the difference in the cost of living between free-trade England New York ...... •...... 26. 00 22. 08 1. 77 and protectionist America, I give below a list of pr!ces of some " every· Michigan ...... ••...... 25.10 21. 57 1. 75 day necessary articles of food." The Greystone price list is dated De· Minnesota ...... •...... 29. 25 23. 98 2. 23 cember 10, 1909, and signed by the secretary of the cooperative stores, ' Visconsin ...... •.•...... 28. 57 24. 39 1. 79 and the Clayton price list Is of a more recent date. For convenience North Dakota ...... 33. 34 27. 01 2. 58 and simplicity I have translated the American "cent" as being equal Iowa ...... 28.93 25. 63 2.08 to one halfpenny. Ohio ...... 22.11 19.19 1. 67 Vermont ...... 26. 86 24. 03 1. 73 :Montana ...... 39. 29 35. 00 2. 23 Clayton Greystone 36. 39 31. 32 2. 34 cooperative cooperative iri~~:rr:~~:::::: :: :: : : : : : : : ::::: :: ::::::: 21.10 18. 85 1. 50 prices. prices. Canai a: I'rince Edward Island ...... 17. 25 10. 87 . ········:40 s. d. s . . d. Nova Scotia ...... 21. 20 15.90 { • 50 Best flour, per stone of14 pounds ...... 2 1 2 3 New Brunswick ...... 22. 59 9.96 Best butter, per pound (Danish) ...... 1 5 11 4 Quebec ...... · ...... ········:ao 0 9 0 7! 23. 33 17. 58 . • 35 0 10 0 10 Ontario ...... 21. 52 17. 63 • 20 ~~i}.~!~~~:e~~~~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 0 2i 0 21 .35 0 5 0 6t 30. 50 20. G9 . 35 ~~~~fgs~::: :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 0 7 0 7! British Columbia ...... ••...... • 50 Ceylon tea...... 1 11 1 10 l Coffee ...... 1 8 1 2 Onions ...... 0 11 0 2~ WAGE COM:rETITION WITII EUROPE. Ham ...... 1 1 If Bacon (Irish) ...... · ...... 1 0 6 10' the&.e differences in the wages of farm labor are calculated 8 0 2i to stir the interest of the farmer, what shall we say of the mill ~fle~~ .':::::::::: ~: :: : : :: : : : : : ::: : : : : : :: : : : : : : : : : :: : : : : : : : : 0 31 g !t workers whom the free-trade bill proposes to put in competition lUlk, per quart ...... 0 3 0 3 Vinegar, per quart...... 0 4 0 3! witll the factory labor of Europe? In the textile industry the Nestle's Swiss milk. per tin ...... 0 5! 0 3 wn.gcs in Great Britain are one-half those paid in the United Potatoes, per stone of 14 pounds ...... 0 8 12 5 States. You Democrats propose to put their goods against ours Bananas, per dozen ...... 0 8 0 61 and their wage scale against ours. The wages in the textile industries in Germany and in France are little more than one 1 American. third the wages in the United States. You propose to put our EXOLAXD AXD ItJIOOE JSLAXD CO:\IPAitED. working men and women on a par with• the workers of those A Bradford butcher employed by the Greystone cooperative states the countries. When you had control of this Government in 1894 joints arc not cut the same, I.mt the prices realized for the whole animal are just about the same as in En15lund. you compelled American capital to leave the United States and Although coal is dearer, I question if the fuel cost per family for 12 rear factories in Germany and in England and in Canada. You months is as much as in England, owing to the general use of slow propose now to enact a. measure that will bring like results, combustiou stoves. I have ascertained the quantities of the above-named "everyday neces and this, upon the pretense that you will reduce the cost of sary articles of food " consumed by famllics, ranging from 2 to 13 living. But stop a. while! I want you to look before you leap. persons, and find the average cost to each Greystoni:m is ::l~d. per It has profited certain manufacturers to conduct establisllments week more than the Claytonian. A family of 5 persons will jointly have to earn ls. 6id. more per week to be equal to a Clayton!an. on both sides of the water to meet conditions arising from Having arrived at the cost of living as shown above, I give below frequent tariff changes. They go to Europe to get cheap labor the wages paid at Clayton and Bradford for u5j hours per week and at and they build here to keep within the tariff wall. They would Greystone for 5G hours : prefer to stay here if you would let them, because the market is here. Hosiery, in particular, is manufactured in Germany for Clayton and Brad- Greystone. the American trade. ford • .Against what do our American wage earners have to compete in this trade? Here is a statement now officially before the Ways and Means Committee which invites our sympathetic 8. d. s. d Woolsorters (day work), per week...... 32 0 66 8 consideration : · lfen box minders ...... 17 6 33 4 The average rate of wages paid to skilled women sewin~-machtne Noble comb minders ...... 20 0 39 7 operators in the United States varies from $1.50 to $2 per day. Tho Can gill minders ...... •....•...... 12 6 29 2 same class of labor in France, Germany, and Switzerland receives from Drawers ...... 12 6 29 2 80 cents to 50 cents per day. Rovers ...... 11 0 29 2 Wn;;es paid winders or spoolers in the United States varies from SJ?inning overlookers ...... 30 0 62 6 $1.50 to $1.75 PH day. Tho same class of labor in the countries named Girl spinners (accoriling to number of spindles) ...... 11 3 25 6 receives :from 35 cents to 40 cents per day. Doficrs ...... •...... 9 0 18 9 Wnges paid knitters in the United States varies from $1.25 to $2 Girl twlsters ...... 11 0 29 2 per day. The same class of labor in the C'Ountries named receives from Girl warpers ...... 13 0 33 4 85 cents to 75 cents per day. , . Weavers ...... 15 10 46 9 T he items of labor entering into the manufacture of cotton knitted Weaving overlookers ..•...... 36 0 66 8 underwear, over and above tbe actual cost of the staple, represents fully Joiners ...... 31 10 62 6 75 per cent of the total. Mechanics •...... •...... ao o 62 6 In lieu of lengthy and confirmatory statistics showing the Stokers ...... ••...... •...... 25 0 50 0 cheapness of wages in Europe as compared with better condi tions in the United States I -submit a letter recently published WIIICII IS BEST FOR TIIE TOILER? in the Protectionist. There is so much of human interest and "'"hen the extra cost of living is taken into consideration with the high wages received can the Grerstone workmen's oft-repeated asser such food for thought in this statement that a reading of it tions be questioned, viz, that they ' can save more in America. than they may help to a better understanding of the value of a fair Ameri· could earn in England " ? The "dear-loaf " bogy does not frighten can wage. the American workman. I ask the British workman whether he would COST OF LIVING HERE AND THERE. not rather pay a trifle more for "everyday necessary articles of food," as the Greystonian does, and have a substantial sum to put away at Intended for circulation in the British elections, this illum the end of every week. or have a " cheap loaf," low wages, and irregu lar work, and, as one Yorkshire housewife put it, "a scrattin' on." inating letter of Mr. Harrison Benn, of England and America, I know it is most difficult for anyone who has not visited the States must be of intense interest to the American tariff tinker of free to realize how well oft' the working classes are out there. A family trade proclivities. The statement, dated Beckside l\fills, Great who lived in very straitened circumstances in Bradford went to Amer ica and nt Greystone l\!llls earned £17 9s. 4d. per week. I have never Norton, Bradford, follows: known a workman return to live in England, excepting for family In order to put before the public a correct statement of, the compara reasons, poor health, homes ickness, or through being a wastrel. Even tive cost of living, together with the wages paid in England and then I doubt if 2 per cent return. The statements I have made are not America, it is advisable to have as near as possible the same conditions based on conclusions dr·awn from reading either free-trade or protec both as to locality and the quality of work. As chairman of a company tlonist literature. They ar~ based on actual daily practical experience 740 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HO UBE. APRIL 28, I say to tho electors, think for yonrsel-ves, nnd it yon desire to im that State, and so many of them that wheat has been inci prove your P.osition, receive higher wages, and have more constant em ployment, like hundreds who have emigrated from the Bradford dis dental, except as we have been buying it from you and feeding tl'ict to the United States of America, then vole for the tariff-reform it to our people, proud of the knowledge that we were able to candidate. spend the money that we were making, in building you up in the I am, etc., !LUIBISON IlE~")f. l\Iiddlc West and South, and ta.king your product rather tlla.n AGRICULTUr.E I~ PE~XSYLVA.."iIA. to lla.rn you ship it into foreign markets. [Applause.] Ur. Chairman, so often is Pennsylvania referred to as u bene Our farm property in moo was valued at more than ficiary of the tariff that I feel it dne to the misinformed farmers $1,051,000,000. That figure was exceeded then only by Illinois, of the country to say n word about that State. It is true that Io\va, Ohio, and New York in the order named, and it repre Pcnnsyl"rnnia has profited by protection, but it is equally true sented one-twentieth of all the farm property of the country. tlrnt c-rnry other Stute in this Union hns ad>anced in propor Owing to the growth of the Middle West in tl.Jc last 10 ye:irs, tio!l. Witness the energetic and hustling West and the hopeful we may not hold that position now. But in 190!) we produced an 1 rapidly developing South. We do not envy you, nor do we 48,000,000 bushels of corn. We were fifth in 190D in the pro believe yon can go back upon your own industries. You of the duction of hay. The f;tate turned out more than 3,742,000 tons, South, especially; because of your climate and resources, will and was exceeded only by Iowa, New York, Illinois, and Ohio. some day lJe ri>als in the great .American market for manufac The Tennessee tobacco crop for 1909 was 58,000,000 pounds. tures. And for one I hope the day will come speedily, for I Pennsylnmia produced 30,000,000 pounds. Surely we ha.ve some IJelievc it will mean the regeneration of the South and a re interest in agricultural dc\clopment if we can approach so closely mo.-al of those alleged barriers that sometimes seem to prevail the output of Tennessee in her great staple. nut even here I as between us. am reminded, when you talk of monopolies in the manufadur But Pennsylra.nia-she has had certain natural advantages, ing world and shake your fists at "hydra-hca -directly into the wage account and establishes the farmers' When wage earners and their wives, whose deposits nre market. I ha·rn often heard from this floor assaults upon such necessarily small, appear in such large numbers in one institu concerns as the Pennsyh·ania Railroad Company. No matter tion in one year it speaks well for the faith nnd stability of whether it offends in some particular or not, it is still the ac the breadwinners of the country; but if we look deeper into the cumulator and the distributer of vast capital, which after all, subject we will again find that, after all, it is this same bread it should be remembered, is the real inspiration of labor. If winner who stands behind the great undertakings which give Edison had not lnYented the electric light we might still be play to the activities of the captains of industry. Where do without that great boon, regardless of the fact that a thousand, the deposits of the wage earners of this single institution go1 yea a hundred thousand, envious Edisons, now fully informed There must be some earning power to those deposits, for in as to the value of electricity, declare they would have worked terest is regularly paid upon them to the depositor, and he, in out the problem, if Edison had not. So we may account for turn, bas become the investor. The District of Columbia has some of the critics who can better manage railroads and corpo $500,000 of that money. It was employed in improving and rations than they are now managed, and so it may be with those beautifying the Capital City. Sixty-five other States, cities, who assail the PennsylYania Railroad. But where does the and boroughs througJ10ut the country-not in Pcnnsylnmia capital come from that makes the Pennsylvania Railroad? I alone, but in all sections of the United States-have borrowed ha >e sent for a report, and find there are 65,000 shareholders, more than $25,000,000 of those savings to build schoolhouses who ha>e faith enough in the company to risk their money with and highways and sewers and needed public improvements. it. They are dependent for the return of every dollar they And every man who worked in any one of those communities advance, upon the developing power of the railroad to bring the was a consumer of the products of the farm, factory and the farm together. But this is not all. The money of these Philadelphia savings .And these 65,000 sharehol South Cnrolina & Georgia Railroad Co. (Southern). ing jute and jute goods; that they had inyested upward of Southern Pacific Railroad Co. of California. $11,000,000, and that they employed at American wages more Southern Pacific Railroad Co. of New Mexico. Steubenville & Indiana Railroad Co. (Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago than G,000 men and women. Since that census was made other & St. Louis). establishments ha.ye been reared nearer to the cotton fields, Union Pacific Railroad Co. employing labor in that vicinity, which is now dish·essed, be United New Jersey Railroad & Canal Co. Vir~inia Midland Railway Co. (South~rn). cause the remoynl of the duty upon these commodities used Wabash Railroad Co. (Detroit & Chicago extension) . by the cotton planter means the elimination of the American Washington Terminal Co. manufactures and the introduction into this country of the out Western North Carolina Ila.ilroad Co. (Southern). Western Pennsylvania Railroad Co. put of the cheap and miserable labor of Calcutta. West Jersey & Seashore Railroad · Co. The CHAIR.MAN. The time of the gentleman from Penn West Shore Railroad Co. sylvania has expired. WIIAT FREE TRADE MEANS TO THE HOME. Mr. MOORE of Pennsylvania. One minute more. And now, Mr. Chairman, in the short time I have remaining Mr. DALZELL. I yield one more minute to the gentleman. I want to show what this so-called farmers' free-trade bill TIIE INDUSTRIES TO BE IIIT. means to the wage earner, as well as to the farrr;ier. The e~ cuse far this bill, as explained by the Democratic leaclers, is Mr. MOORE of Pennsylvania. In this last minute I propose that it will "relieve the farmer of taxation" at the custom to introduce a statement preparell by the Census Bureau at house. This is familiar but discredited Democratic doctrine. my instance, showing, paragraph by paragraph, so far as pos During the last fiscal year we collected at the customhouses n sible, the tremendous importance to industry of this free-trade tariff upon imports from foTcign countries from importers and "entering wedge": jobbers who were well abic to pay, a total approximating Total for the United StatCB for certain selected industries. $330,000,000. This represented one-third of all our revenue, and [Census of H>05 (calendar year 1004) . ] the importer who felt the necessity of going abroad to spend his money paid it. In the collection of that tariff we avoidctl Num internal or direct taxation upon the people for one thing, ancl, ber of Average far another thing, kept our mills running and our workmen Industry. estab- Capital. number Value of lish of wage product. employed. Now the Democrats propose to change this condi men ts. earners. tion and lop off $10,000,000 of that reyenue, which must be replaced in some other way, upon the pretense that fa.rm imple ments and other commodities used by the farmer may be ad Totnl. ... -. ·-...... -. --······ 63,994 $2, 178, 109, 000 1,079,052 s;J,707,234, 000 mitted free. Well, we can get at this whole question very Agricultural implements .••••••.•. 648 106, 741, 000 47,394 112,007, 000 quickly by a rough and ready calculation. If we concede the Carriages and wagons ..•.•••.. _._. 5,588 152, 345, 000 77, 882 155,8G9, 000 Democratic contention that the tariff is a tax, what docs the Jute and jute goods .... _.. -·····-· IQ 11,019,000 G,033 9,066.,-000 whole thing amount to so far as the masses of the people are Leather, to.nned; curried, and fin- ished-·······---················· 1,049 242,584,000 57,239 252, ()21, 000 concerned? Divide the entire $330,000,000 by our V0,000,000 of Boots and shoes .•...... •••••.•• _. 1,316 122, 520, 000 14!>, 924 320,107, 000 population and you will find that the "great burden" upon the Saddlcry and harness .... _. _...... 1,076 2!),2()4,000 15,032 42,055, 000 Slaughtering and meat packing, people of this land amounts to about $3.70 apiece per annum. wholesale .. -· .. _·-·· .. ······-··· 929 237, 715, 000 74, 134 913, 914, 000 Total abstinence from one hour's ride in an automobile or from Flom and grist mill products .•..•. 10,051 265, 117' 000 39, 110 713,033, 000 . one theater party in one year would wipe out that score if ap Food preparations ...... • ·--·· 7GO 51, 784,000 11,333 them adopted in your States. They have rendered untold bene SEC. 2. Inasmuch as the tobacco crop in this Commonwealth Is now being delivered to warehousemen, and the growers can not otherwise fit to Kentucky farmers, and will bring great relief to your secure the benefit of this act, an emergency is declared to exist, and this formers if you will adopt them. They have been upheld by the act shall take effect from and after its passage. highest court in Kentucky as constitutional. I am glad to say (Approved, Mar. 4, 1910.) that I had some part in their enactment, and the gentleman from the fourth Kentucky district [1\1r. JOHNSON] was largely An act to authorize and regulate the recordation of agreements for responsible for the passage of some of these acts. pooling farm products. An act to amend section 3 of an act of the General Assembly of Com Be it enacted by the Gener-al Assembly of the Commonwealth of monwealth of Kentucky, approved March 21, 190G, entitled ".An act Kentucky: permitting persons to coroulne or pool their crops of wheat, tobacco, SECTION 1. It shall be lawful for any person or corporation to whom and other products and sell same as a whole, and making contracts or to which any article of farm products bas been pooled or pledged for in pursuance thereof valid.'' being chapter 117 of the acts of the any purpose to record a list of the persons pooling or pledging same, General .Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky for the year together with a general description of the land upon which same was 1906. grown, or proposed to be grown, in the office of the clerk of the county court of the county in which said land is situated. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Ken SEC. 2. Such recordation shall have the same effect as to creditors or tucky: purchasers as the recordation of chattel mortgages. SECTIO~ 1. That section 3 of an act entitled "An act permitting per SEC. 3. Any person buying or soliciting pool or pledged property the sons to combine or pool theit· crops of wheat, tobacco, and other prod list of which have been recorded as herein provided, shall upon convic ucts and sell same as a whole, and malting contracts in pursuance tion be fined not less than $10 nor more than $1,000 or imprisoned not thereof valid." approved :March 21, 190G, being chapter 117 of the acts less than 15 nor more than 00 days, or both so fined and imprisoned. of the General Assembly of the Commonwe:i.lth of Kentucky for the year SEC. 4. For recording the agreements herein provided for the clerk 19UG, be, and the same is hereby, amended and reenacted so as to read shall be allowed a fee of 2 cents for each 20 words. as follows : SEC. 5. Whereas it is greatly to the interest of the farmers of the Such persons so entering into such an agreement or contract as is State that a public record should be kept which shall l>e notice that set out in the foregoing section are hereby permitted to select an agent their farm products have been pooled or pledged, an emergency is de· or agents through or by or with whom said parties so entering clared, and this act shall take effect from and after its passage. into such agreement may classify, grade, store, bold, sell, or dispose of (DisapproYed, 1\Iar. 8, 1910.) said crop, or any of them, and said agent or agents shall have the right Passed March 8, 1910, the objections of the governor to the contrary to take, receive, bold, store, classify, grade, sell, or dispose of said notwithstanding. crop so flaced in said agreement for the purpose of accomplishing the object o such cornuination or agreement between such principals; and contracts and ng-reements entered into by such agent or agents for the An act to declare lawful agreements to abstain growing crops of any purpose of dnssifying, grndlng, storing, ho.lding, selling, or disposing of given kind for any definite period. said crop so combined, united, or pooled, either in parcel or us a whole, Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of are berel>y permitted, and shall not, because of any such combination or Kentucky: purpose of such original agreement of such principals so entering into SECTION 1. That it shall be lawful for the growers of any kind of said combination, or of such agent or agents, be declared illegal or farm products to agree to abstain from growing any kind of crops for invalid. All contracts heretofore made by any person or persons for the any ·given period or season. purposes set out in the foregoing sections are hereby declared valid, if (Neither approved nor disapproved by the governor.) otherwise legally binding on the parties. 'l'o prevent any breach or violation of any contract made for the pur poses set out in the foregoing sections a restraining order and writ of An act to further regulate the pooling of farm products. injunction may be written by a proper officer, as prescribed in the Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Civil Code of Practice. Kentucky: For any brench or violation of any contract entered into for the pur SECTION 1. It is hereby declared lawful for any number of persons to poses set out in the foregoing sections the injured party may recover combine, unite, or pool any or all of the crops of wheat, tobacco, corn, the damages sustained by him by reason of such violation. of such con oats,· bay, or other farni products raised by them, or proposed to be tracts of the person violating the same, and also of any person who raised by them, whether or not the said crops have been sowed, set, shall inuuce or persuade another to violate such contract, which damages pitched, or planted, for the purpose of classifying, grading, storing, sbnll include the reasonable expense and attorney's fees incurred by the holding, selling, or disposing of same, either in parcels or as a whole, in injured party in prosecuting an action to recover such damages or to order or for the purpose of obtaining a greater or higher price therefor prevent n violation of such contract, if the party complaining shall suc than they might or could obtain or receive by selling said crops sepa ceed in doing so, which mny be recovered in the same action or original rately or individually. proceeding. Said agent, when so selected as herein provided, shall have SEC. 2. Whereas it is greatly to the interest of the farmers of the the sole right to sell said crop so pooled or combined, and it shall be Commonwealth and a public generally that the privilege defined in unlawful for any owner of such crop to sell or dispose of same and for section ·1 of this act should be speedily declared, an emergency is any person knowingly to purchase the same without the written consent declared to exist, and this act shall take e.l!ect from and after its of snch agent, and upon conviction thereof he or they shall be fined in passage. any sum or amount not exceeding $250 for each offense, to be fixed by (Neither approved nor disapproved by the governor.) the jury in their discretion. SEC. 2. Whereas many crops of tobacco and other products have been Almost every article placed on the free list in this bill is con combined and pooled in this State under contract and agr~emcnt entered trolled by some great trust. The American people for years into for the purposes set out in the above section an emergency is now ha>e taxed themselves to build up these great trusts, and now declared to exist which requires that this act shall take effect from and after its passnge and approval by the governor. that they have grown to be oppressive industrial giants, more (Approved Mar. 13, Hl08.) than able to defend themselves in the markets of the world: it is time for the people to cease taxing themselves and demand An act to prevent the sale or transfer of personal property where the justice from tbeir own creations which seek to destroy them. possession is in one person and the title thereto is vested in another. One of the fundamental principles of Democracy is " the B e it enacted by the General Assembly of the Oommonu.;ealth of Ken- greatest good to tlle greatest number." There will never be a tucky: . · downward revision of the tariff in the interest of all of the SECTION 1. It shall be unlawful for any person having the possession of personal property, the title to which is vested in another, to sell or people so long as each individual Member upon this floor seeks otllerwise dispose of such property without the written consent of the to protect some special interest in his district. If necessity de person in whom the title is vested. Any person guilty of such ofl'ense mands, we must be willing to make some personal sacrifice for shall be fined not less than $100 nor more than $500 for each offense. Any person having notice of the manner in which such property is held, the common good of our great country. I have the honor to who shall purchase it of the person having the possession thereof1 or represent the great hemp-producing district in the United of any other person without the written consent of the person in wnom States. The production of hemp in the United States has been the title is ve~ted, shall be fined not less than $100 nor more than $1,000 for each offense. confined almost entirely to the Blue Grass region of Kentucky. SEC. 2 . .An emergency exists for the immediate operation of this law, The placing of India hemp, or jute, upon the free list has, in therefore the same shall be in force from and after its enactment. effect, put our farmers out of business on that crop. Yet our (Approved, Mar. 24, Hl08.) farmers have not come to Congress with a single petition asking An act to amend an act entitled ".An a.ct permitting warehousemen to for a duty on jute. commingle tobacco of like grades," approved :March 25; 1908. The placing of a protecti>e duty on jute means a higher price Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the Oo11wnonwealth of Ken for hemp, but it also means a higher price for the twine of the tucky: grain growers,· for the burlap of the cotton growers, for the SECTIOX 1. That section 3 of an act entitled "An net permitting ware housemen to commingle tobacco of like grades," approved l\farch 25, cordage of the entire Nation, and our people are not selfish 1008, be, and the same is, amended, and the said act is amended by add enough to ask that a tax be placed upon e>ery farmer of the ing at the end of section 3 thereof the following words: "And it is pro Nation in order that they might aud some >alue to their hemp vided that any of such warehousemen may in such receipts agree and bind themselves to pay the person rightfully holding same and entitled crop. I commend the patriotic spirit of tlle people whom I rep thereto the value of the property described therein, in the event of loss resent. We are willing to contribute our share to a downward or damage from any cause while in the possession of such warehouse revision of the tariff in order to lighten the burden of labor and men." So that said section when amended wlll read as follows: agriculture, so long overburdened with unjust taxation. " SEC. 3 . .All warehouse receipts so issued by any corporation, com I desire to add to my remarks a note on the hemp crop, which pany, partnership, or individual engaged in the business as above set I will not take time to read, but will put it in the RECORD. forth shall be negotiable and transferrable by indorsement in blank or by special indorsement and with like liability as bills of exchange now The loss of revenue to the Government unuer this bill -is arc and with like remedy thereon. .And it is provided that any of such $10,028,989. This amount is inconsiderable in comparison with warehousemen may in such receipts agree and bind themselves to pay the great saving and advantage to all of our people. By the the person rightfully holding the same and entitled thereto the value of the property described therein, in the event of loss or damage from any policy of economy which the Democratic Party proposes to in cause while in the possession of such warehousemen." augurate there will not be the great demand for revenue, and 746 -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE·. APRIL 28, this amount will not · be missed. The cutting off of one battle tration had dragged Kentucky farmers into the Federal courts ship will fill up the gap caused by this free list. [Applause on aud convicted them because they dared to organize to protect the Democratic side.] Kentuckians are always for peace, and themselves from the Tobacco Trust. especially on water. [Applause on the Democratic side.] The A.t tba.t time I used this language upon the floor of this American farmer has been unnecessarily frightened by Cana House: dian reciprocity. l\Iy belief is that the farmer will receive a Is the President willing to go before the farmers of Ohio in the benefit therefrom. A Republican President (not his party) and campaign to be held in that State this fall upon the issue of whether the farmers have the right to fix the price of their products themselves, a Democratic House can share the honors of Canadian reci eitbe~ singly or collectively? procity. This bill wns drawn and will be pnssed by the united Is he willing to have brought into the limelight the records of the Democratic Party upon this floor. If defeat comes in the two worthies believed to be responsible for the prosecution of the Dur ley TobaC'co Society? This question being answered in the affirmative, Senate or the Yeto comes from the White House, it will strike a Judson Harmon ought to be reelected governor of Ohio by a majority deadly blow at the home of every farmer and laboring man in of 100,000. the Nation. I trust for once at least the Republican Party will [Applause on the Democratic side.] forget partisan politics and give agriculture and labor their I missed the figure only 377. [Applause on the Democratic just due. side.] The Democracy did not hesitate to vote for Canadian reci As a Democrat I rejoice at the great work already done in procity for the reason that it was recommended by a Repub this House for the benefit of all of the people by my parfy. lican Pres;ident. With dignity and patriotism we met the issue There is more good yet to come. I rejoice at the solid front and saxed a Republican President from disgrace and humiliation we present to the disorganized and dismcmbcrecl party on the at the hands of his own party. [Applam;e on the Democratic othe·r side. [Applause on the Democratic side.] Ily organiza side.] tion and by teamwork great victories arc ahead of us. Let no To-day we present this bill for the relief of labor and agri Democrat pull back in the harness-harness is on the free list. culture. Will the Republican Party, in control of every branch [Applause on the Democratic side.] With free sewing machines of the Government except this House, permit labor to prosper the farmers' wives can sew up our protection friends, the stan As a freshman in this course of education, I can not under [Applause on the Democratic side.] At some time or other stand how a country can get rich by sharing its natural re these patients, the "invalid industries," must leave the hospital, sources with all who choose to come, dividing our patrimony, whether to turn their steps to self-support or to the cemetery. ns it were, and at the same time keeping out all possible things [Laughter.] They can not forever remain parasitic. The tariff that can be excluded that would go to increase the size of our has been too often revised upward by its friends. The people hoard. Privilege clamors for cheap labor nnd immediate de have commissioned its enemies to revise it downward. That velopment of everything. Statesmanship calls for readjust we may have a more just system of distribution and a more ment of opportunity for ourselves-and our children. equitable system of taxation, we must study the sources of our The balance of trade argument is not entirely convincing to wealth and the means whereby this wealth may be saved and some of us. Whenever China or Russia improve their balance increased for the benefit of the many. of trade by exporting foodstuffs in time of famine, there seems There is great hope in the growing ideals and the clearing to be something the matter with the mathematical self-suffi outlines of the great policies of State and national conserva ciency of this theory. If a freezing tramp should sell his tion. By saving the common wealth for all our people and by clothes, he certainly would improve his balance of trade, al wi·ping out the great special privileges in land and other natural though not his condition. [Laughter and applause.] resources, by breaking down the extortions of m·onopoly and Anyone who has lived on the Pacific coast can not fail to enter by regulation of our public utilities, we shall .make this country tain profound respect for the self-helping ability of the Japanese. better for the a-vcrage man, and no worse for any man. [Pro They are the most remarkable self-helpers in all the world, and longed applause on the Democratic side.] no one need ever again invite them to help themselves. Some l\1r. DALZELL. I yield to the gentleman from Massachusetts two years ago, in the islands of Hawaii, just at a time when [Mr. HARRIS] 30 minutes. the ennc-grinding season wns nt hanrl, the Japanese engaged in Mr. HARRIS. l\1r. Chairman, as a new Member of this that industry unanimously struck. They did not appear to be House I am a trifle hesitant in rising for the first time to satisfied with their wages nor disposed to recognize the contract present my views in the form of a speech. they had made with the planters, which procedure was not en I was much interested, night before last, in the dream of the tirely original on their part. In the course of the dispute they gentleman from Alabama [Mr. HoBSON]. His dream of empire • wrote a series of resolutions to the planters to the effect "that in all things commercial, financial, and political, given and fore it wns the duty of the planters, in. ~ccordance with the true ordained by the Almighty, but still needing the aid and protec American principle of protection, to get an increase in the sugar tion of mere men for its perfect fulfillment, entranced me. duty and thereby raise the -value of sugar, and then out of the His wonderful revelation of the final purposes of All-Wisdom, adt1ed profit they should divide with the laborers." Strange that under the guiding hand, however, of the owners of the soil in this simple and excellent and wholly American plan was not at the cotton belt, was not, nevertheless, completely satisfying. once adopted. [Laughter.] To my mind-developed in a harsher and less favored climate, Let us consider some more phases of Hawaiian sugar. The where life is not one long, sweet dream of univerEal dominion, busineEs was built up first under subsi 1\ly reasoning bas been He believes that Mother Columbia is not yet sterile, and that in 3. Such changes in the rules of the House as are necessary for thP. thorough and intelllgent consideration of measmes for the public good, the next ten years she will add to her family some 19,000,000 several of which changes are accomplished facts ; if other changes are more. He knows that this added lD,000,000 have got to be fed, deemed wise, they will be promptly made. as'· ell as housed and employed, and that he will have his hands full in feeding the family. 4. *"Economy * in the public * expense* that *labor may *be lightly* bur- I have fa!th to believe that in offering to him old Doctor dened." The literal fulfillment of that promise which so nearly affects the comfort and happiness of millions we have begun-and we l.Jegan Democrat's unvaried panacea for that "tired feeling," and at the proper place-by cutting down the running expenses of the every ill, from toothache to smallpox-and like that liniment House by more than $188,000 per annum. Economy, like charity, that was offered to Bill Sykes after his slaughter of the hapless should begin at home. That ls where we began. • • • The Constitution gives the House the practical control of the purse Nancy, also good to remove spots from the trousers and stains strings of the country, and the House should insist, resolutely and froru the soul-your Democratic free-trade mixture. you will firmly, on exercising that control to the end that the appropriation bills find he will refuse to take it. [Applause on the Republican may be reduced to the needs of the Government economically and effec tively administered. It is our duty to provide every dollar needed for side.] the proper and economical conduct of the Government, but it is equally In behalf of that industry I ask you to stop and pause be our duty to prevent waste and extravagance in public expenditures, for fore you do us that harm. I lirn in the next town to the city we should never forget that it is a difficult task for millions of families to live now in decency and comfort. Surely it is the part of wisdom, of Brockton, which town is a little sister to that good city, as statesmanship, humanitarianism, and patriotism to legislate so as to they are both children of the one mother, old Bridgewater. I reduce their burdens to the minimum. • • • No good citizen desires hatl rny office in Brockton for many years. I was there in 18!>2 to cripple the Government in any legitimate function, but no good citizen desires that the people be loaded do.wn with unnecessary taxes. and the years that followed. I know what happened to us when 5. The publication of campaign contributions and dislnll'sements be the shoe industry languished. I know what came to us when fore the election. 'l'he bill to accomplish that desired reform has been the factories closed and the work ceased. I do not want to see ~re~ar;d and introduced. It will be speedily passed by the House. it again. I am speaking for the workers and not for the manu G. The admission of both Arizona and New Mexico as States. [Ap facturers. plause.] I violate no cJnfidence in stating that so far as the House is The manufacturer will generaliy take care of himself, but concerned, they will be speedly admitted and they will be admitted to?,ether. [Applause.] when you say to these people that you are going to strike out These are a few of the things which we promised. We are not only . that industry, you are going to open the markets of this country going to accomplish them, we have already begun the great task. What free to the world while every other country but England has we have done is only an earnest of what we wlll do. We this day report progress to the American people. The rest will follow in due a tariff from lH per cent to 35 per cent against us, I do not course. believe you are going to do the shoe worker or your farmer No man is fit to bP. a lawgiver for n mighty people who yields to the much good. In the interest of that industry and the 171,801 demands and solicltitatlons of the few having access to his ear but is forgetful of that vast multitude who may never hear his voice or look people engaged in it, I ask you to stop and think before you into his face. [Applause.] do this thing. You will answer to them if you do, and what that I suggest to my fellow Members on both sides of the big aisle- answer will be I think I know in my section. You are in which is the line of demarcation betwixt us as political partisans, but control, and you advertise the wisdom with which you are not as American citizens or American Uepresentatives-that he serves going to deal with the affairs of the country. I invite your his party best who serves his country best. [Applause.] attention to some of the great internal questions of finance, These were the words of our Democratic Speaker-a patriotic commerce, and the regulation of these horrid monopolies, and and honest sentiment, expressed in beautiful and in forceful I think you will find something there that is worthy for your language by a great and good mun, whom we all delight to call great wisdom to be brought to bear upon which will bring more our friend, CHAMP .CLARK, whose big heart beats in unison with benefit to the country than it will to remove the tariff wall the throbbing hearts of the toiling mns~es of the American people, and strike down the industries we have which are of benefit and who desires above evorything else to do those things, and to the farmer in the West and the factory worker of the East. those alone, which will bring about the largest and best results Take out those things which keep them apart, and do not make for the greatest number of all the people. I was one of the first us compete with all the world in a fair market where we have to propose his election as Speaker in a speech on the floor of this goo Tills record has not been surpassed by O:lngrcss, since I ha Ye Thus he discusses the balance of trade ancl says : been a Member, in tlle lengtll of time this Congress has been in THE TRA.DE ru.w.xcE. session. Tills is but an earnest of the honest, energetic, au XLVII-48 754 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 28,, his welfare and prosperity, I appeal to you to show it and Also, a bill (H. R. 7962) to quiet title to certnin lands in prom it by your \Otes. Do not try to prove it alone by your Dona Ana County, N. Mex.; to the Committee on the Public words, by your speeches, because they arc easily made, and, Lands. like promises, sometimes easily broken and forgotten; but a Also, a bill (H. R. 7063) pensioning the surviving officers and Yote upon the record stands as a monument through all the enlisted men of the New Mexico :mu Arizonn Volunteers em years to come as to what your sentiments and what your real ployed in the defense of the frontier of the Territories of New purposes nnd intentions were. Mexico and Arizona against Mexic::m marauders and Indian I appeal to you to vote in the interest of the farmer, because depredations from 18u5 to 1890, inclusive, and for other vur without him the prosperity of this country would be gone. poscs; to the Committee on Pensions. You upon the other side of the House ha\e claimed during all Also, a bill (H. n. 79G4) to add to tile Lincoln National these years that you were in favor of protecting the infant Forest Rcscr\e anu to the Alamo National Forest Rc~erve, in industries of the country. You have taxed the farmers and the New Mexico, certain portions of the Mescalcro Indian Reserva masses of the American people you say to furnish rernnue to tion in New l\Iexico and to provide for the sale of eertain lauds rnn the Gon~rnment? Yes; but you have taxed them in order now embraced in said reservations for the creation of n fnnd also to fumi~h protection to these great manufacturing indus for the benefit of said Mescalero Indians; to tile t;ommittec on tries throughout this country, and they have rccei\ed the Indian Affairs. benefits of it, and from it they have amassed and accumulated Also, a bill (H. R. 7965) to amend an act entitled "An act to yast fortunes, some of them so great that they have found provide for the adjudication an<.l payment of claims ariEing difficulty in being able even to give them away as fast as from Indian depredations," approyed l\Iarch 3, 1891; to the they have accumulated in their coffers. If the farmers and Committee on Indian Affairs. the mass of the people of this country have so enriched these Also, a bill (H. R. 7DGG) amending act of June '27, 1898, iwr manufacturing interests during all these years, it is an old mitting payment of pensions to officers and men of Indian wnrs saying that turn about is fair play. I appeal to you to take and their widows, between 1840 and 1854; to tlle Committee on away some of that protection and give the farmers the benefit Pensions. of the reduction and let the infant industries, which arc no Also, a bill (II. R. 7967) to amend an net cntii.le<.l "An act longer infants but giants and able to compete with the nations to prohibit the passage of local or special laws in the Territories of the worlrl, contribute something to help the farmers and to limit Territorial indebtedness, and for other purposes; to the plain people and the masses of the citizenship of this great the Committee on the Territories. Republic. [Applause on the Democratic side.] Also, a bill (II. n. 7968) to authorize the Secretary of the Without these great agricultural interests, without these Interior to sell and convey the unappropriated noumineral farmers, the smoke woulu dlsappear from the chimneys of your desert lands of the United Stntes; to the Committee on the factories, the fiTes would die out of your furnnces, railroads Public Lands. would cease to operate, the wheels of commerce would stand Also, a bill (H. R. 7969) donating the southwest quarter of still, the merchant would close his store, the lawyer would the northwest quarter of section 36, township 1 south, range shut up his office, the doctor "Would close up his office, and your 34 cast, New Mexico principal base and meridian, iu New Mexico, cities would become waste places, and barren deserts. to Bedfor<.l Forrest Camp, No. lGOG, Unitc<.l Coufedorate Vet Therefore, my friends, fellow Members, I appeal to you to erans; to the Committee on the Public Lands. vote for this bill and to vote as :rou shall answer to your con Also, a bill (H. R. 7070) to establish n :fish-cultural station at stiturncy, to your people, to your country, and to your God. Trout Springs, Gallinas Canyon, San Mjguel County, N. Mex.; I thank you for your indulgence, your patience, and your close to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. and kind attention. [Loud and prolonged applause.] Also, a bill (H. R. 7!:>71) to validate an act of the Legislative Mr. Ul\TDERWOOD. Mr. Chairman, I move that the commit Assembly of the Territory of .i.: 'cw lUcxico, with reference to the tee do now ris-0. issues of certain bonds; to the Committee on the Territories. The motion was agreed to. Also, a bill (H. R. 7072) to establish n. soldiers' home at Santa Accordingly the committee determine<.l to rise; and the Fe, Santa Fe County, N. l\Iex.; to the Committee on Military, Speaker haYing resumed the chair, Mr. ALEX..L~DEB, Chairman Affairs. of the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, Also, a bill (H. R. 7D73) authorizing the Secretary of the In reported that that committee had had under consideration the terior to allot agricultural lands in the Mesca1ero Apache In bill II. n. 4413, to place agricultural implements and other dian Reservation to the Indians resident therein, and setting articles on the free list, and had come to no resolution thereon. aside the remainder of said rcserva tion as a na tionnl park, nncl WITHDRAWAL OF P AI'ERS. for other pul']1oses; to the Committee on Indian Affairs. Mr. IlcGHES of Georgin, by unanimous consent, was given Also, a bill (H. n. 7974) to nuthorjze the issue of bridge bonds leave to withdraw from the files of the House without leaving by the county of Valencia, in the Territory of New .Mexico; to copies papers in the cuse of James W. Belvin, Fiftieth Con the Committee on the Territories. gress, no adverse report having been made thereon. Also, a bill (H. R. 7975) appropriating $10,000 for the con-. 1\lr. GABY, by unanimous consent, was gi\en letrrn to with struction of a reservoir in the Manzano Mountains, Torrance draw from the files of the House without leaving copies papers County, N. Uex.; to the Committee on Irrigation of Arid in the case of John Clark, Sixty-first Congress, no adverse re Lands. · port having been made thereon. By Mr. LITTLEPAGE: A bill (H. R. 797G) to proviclc for tho ADJOUBN::UE~T . erection of n public building at Webster Springs, W. Vn.; to llr. UNDERWOOD. ?llr. Speaker, I mo\e that the House tho Committee on Public Buildings nnd Grounds. do now adjourn. Also a bill (H. n. 7077) to amenc.l section 113 of the act to The motion was agreed to; accor<.lingly (at 5 o'clock and 5 codify,' revise, and nmen By Mr. FI:NLEY: A bill (H. R. 7984) authorizing the Public Also, n bill (H. R. 8001) for the relief of Juan Estevan Vigil; Printer to pay pro rata leave to temporary employees of the to the Committee on War Claims. Government Printing Office; to the Committee on Printing. By Mr. SIMS: A bill (H. R. 8002) for the relief of the legal Dy Mr. KIPP: A bill (H. R. 7985) providing for the admis representatives of J. H. Latta, deceased; to the Committee on sion, care, and maintenance of disabled or indigent employees War Claims. of the United States of America on the Panama Canal in the By Mr. SMITH of California : A bill ( H. R. 8003) for the se>eral soldiers' homes of these United States; to the Com relief of David C. McGee; to the Committee on War Claims. mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. ANDREJWS: A bill (H. R. 8004) to authorize the Dy .Mr. GILLETT: A bill (H. R. 7986) to establish a fish payment of $5,000 to the widow of the late Tranquilino Luna, in cultural station in the western part of the State of Massachu full for his contest expenses in the contested-election case of setts; to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Manzanares against Luna ; to the Committee on Claims. Dy Mr. LAFFERTY: A bill (H. R. 7987) to amend an act Also, a bill (H. R. 8005) for the relief of the heir and legal entitled "An act to provide for an enlarged homestead,'' ap representati·rn of R. w. Daniels, deceased; to the Committee on proved February 19, 1909, in so far as it applies to the State Claims. of Oregon; to the Committee on the Public Lands. Also, a bill (H. R. 8006) for the relief of Nathan Bibo, sr.; Also, a bill ( H. R. 7988) providing for the erection of a public to the Committee on Claims. builcling at Portland, Oreg.; to the Committee on Public Build- Also, a bill (H. R. 8007) for the relief of Eduardo Martinez; 1ngs and Grounds. to the Committee on Claims. By Mr. MARTIN of .south Dakota: A bill (H. R. 7989) to Also, a bill (H. R. 8008) for the relief of Jose Antionio Bar improve Lake Traverse in the States of South Dakota and Min reras; to the Committee on Claims. nesota; to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Also, a bill (H. R. 8009) for the relief of W. J. Goodwin; to By Mr. WEDEMEYER: A bill (H. R. 7090) granting relief the Committee on Claims. to certain members of the Seventh Regiment .Michigan Volunteer A.Jso, a bill (H. R. 8010) for the relief of Louis Kahn; to the Cavalry, War of the Rebellion; to the Committee on War Committee on Claims. Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 8011) for the relief of Rebecca J. Miller; By Mr. COX of Indiana: A bill (II. R. 79V1) providing for to the Committee on Claims. the retirement of certain officers of the Philippine Scouts; to tne Also, a bill (H. R. 8012) for the relief of Ventura Maestas; .Committee on Military Affairs. - to the Committee on Claims. By Mr. HEALD: A bill (H. R. 7992) to provide for the ac Also, a bill ( H. R. 8013) for the relief of Pedro Salazar y quisition and improvement of the Chesapeake & Delaware Garcia; to the Committee on Claims. 'canal; to the Committee on Railways and Canals. Also, a bill (H. R. 8014) for the relief of E. H. Biernbaum; Also, a bill (H. R. 79!>3) to extend the benefits of the act of to the Committee on Claims. June 27, 1890, as amended by the act of May n, 1900, granting A.Jso, a bill (H. R. 8015) for the relief of F. Nerio Gomez; to pensions to soldiers and sailors who served in the military or the Committee on Claims. naval forces of the. United States, their widows, minor children, Also, a bill (H. R. 8016) for the relief of John S. Bowie; to o.nd dependent parents, and the act of February G, 1907, grant the Committee on Claims. ing pensions to certain enlisted men, soldiers and officers, who Also, a bill (H. R. 8017) for the relief of W. A. Walker; to served in the Civil War and the War with Mexico, and the general pension law granting pensions to those who contracted the Committee on Claims. disabilities in the service and in the line of duty; to the Com Also, a bill (II. R. 8018) giving the Court of Claims jurisdic mittee on Invalid Pensions. tion to adjudicate two claims for Indian depredations of the Also, a bill (H. R. 79!>4) making an appropriation for the estate of mas Lucero, late of Albuquerque, N. Mex.; to the construction of an inland waterway from Rehoboth Day to Committee on Claims. Delaware Day, in the State of Delaware; to the Committee on Also, a bill (H. . R. 8019) granting to the Women's .Missionary IUvers and Harbors. Union of El Paso, Tex., certain unappropriated land for a Dy Mr. HA.l\ILIN: Resolution (H. Res. 136) authorizing the public sann.torium; to the Committee on the Public Lands. Committee on Expenditures in the State Department to have By Mr. BARNHART: A bill (H. R. 8020) granting an increase printing and binding done; to the Committee on Printing. of pension to Warren J. Hazell; to the Committee on Invalid Dy Mr. LEVER: Resolution (H. Res. 137). to authorize the Pensions. Committee on Education to have printing and binding done; to Also, a bill (II. R. 8021) granting an increase of pension to the Committee on Printing. Richard Murphy; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Dy Mr. GRAHAl\f: Resolution (H. Iles. 138) to provide for Also, a bill (H. R. 8022) granting an increase of pension to necessary printing and binding by the Committee on Expcncli Theodore F. Garvin; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. tures in the Department of the Interior during the Sixty-second Also, a bill (H. R. 8023) granting an increase of pension to Congress; to the Committee on Printing. Hiram Davis; to the Committee on Invn.lid Pensions. Dy Mr. STANLEY: Resolution (H. Res. 139) to investigate By Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee: A bill (H. R. 8024) for the violations of antitrust act of 1890; to the Committee on Rules. relief of the estate of Joseph G. Murphy; to the Committee on By Mr. ANDREWS: Joint resolution (H. J. Res. 80) approv War Claims. ing certain laws of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory Dy Mr. CAMERON: A bill (H. R. 8025) granting a pension to of New .Mexico; to the Committee on the Territories. Susan E. Whitmore; to the Committee on InYa.lid Pensions. Also, joint resolution (H. J. Res. 81) disapproving certain Dy Mr. CAMPBELL: A bill (H. R. 8026) granting ... a pen laws of the Territorial Legislative Assembly of New Mexico; sion to Elizabeth Teets; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on the Territories. Also, a bill (H. R. 8027) for the relief of Emanuel Newland; By Mr. TAYLOR of Colorado: Joint resolution (H. J. Res. to the Committee on Military Affairs. 82) to provide for printing of 1,000,000 copies of what is known By Mr. COOPER: A bill (H. R. 8028) granting an increase as Uncle Sam's Cook nook; to the Committee on Printing. of pension to George W. Nobles; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS. Dy Mr. CULLOP: A bill (H. R. 8029) granting an increase Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions of pension to William Burnett; to the Committee on Invalid were introduced and severally referred as follows: Pensions. Dy Mr. ALLEN: A bill (II. R. W95) granting an increase of By Mr. DAVIS of West Virginia: A bill (H. R. 8030) grant pension to Michael Grigeois; to the Committee on Invalid Pen- ing an increase of pension to Jacob Israel; to the Committee on 13ions. Invalid Pensions. Dy Mr. ANDREWS: A bill (H. R. 7990) granting a pension By Mr. DODDS: A bill (II. R. 8031) granting an increase to Miguel Romero; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of pension to Moses Casner; to the Committee on ln>alid Also, a bill (H. R. 7997) granting a pension to John H. Pensions. Young; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Dy l\Ir. DONOHOE: A bill (H. R. 8032) granting an pi Also, a bill ( H. R. 7998) granting an increase of pension to crense of pension to Bridget McAloon; to the Committee on Pascualita J. G. de Anaya; to the Committee on Invalid Pen Invalid Pensions. sions. By l\Ir. DRAPER: A bill (H. R. 8033) referring to the Court Also, a bill (H. R. 7990) granting an increase of pension to of Claims for adjudication and determination the claims of the Cornelius J. Demorest; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. widow and family of l\farcus P. Norton and the heirs at law, Also, a bill ( H. R. 8000) for the relief of Capt. H. C. Smith · assigns, legatees, or legal representatives of others; to. the Com to the Committee on War Claims. ' mittee on the Post Office and Post Roads. 756 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-·HOUBE. APRIL 28,, By Mr. DUPRE: A bill (H. R. 8034) to remove the charge By Mr. WEDEMEYER: A bill (H. R. 8067) grunting an in· of desertion against Henry W. Ross; to the Committee on crease of pension to .Augustus W. Fellows; to the Committee on Military llffnirs. / Invalid Pensions. . Also, a bill (H. R. 8035) for the relief of John Streckfus; to AlEo, a bill (H. R. 8068) for the relief of Dc1oss M. Baker, tlle Committee on Claims. Frank W. Clay, and Herman V. C. Hart, committee, and to re· By Ir. FA.RR: A bill (H. R. 8036) granting an honorable imuurse those who subscribed and paid for site for post-office discharge to Willirun Ham; to the Committee on Military building at Adrian, Mich; to the Committee on Public Buildings Aiiairs. and Grounds. By l\lr. GILLETT: A bill (H. R. 8037) granting an increase By l\lr. WILLIS: A bill (H. R. 8069) granting an increase of of pension to Edwin Hobbs; to the Committee on Invalid pension to Catharine Harris; to the Committee on Invalid Pen Pensions. sions. Also, a bill (H. R. S03S) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 8070) granting an increase of pension to Herbert .A. • Miller; to the Committee on Pensions. Seth Clark; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By l\Ir. GOULD: A bill (H. R. 8039) granting an increase of By Mr. WOODS of Iowa: A bill (H. R. 8071) for the relief pension to Horatio B. Baker; to the Committee on ln\a1id of Mrs. L . .A. Royster; to the CoIDIDittec on Claims. Pensions. By l\Ir. GRAHAl\l: A bill (H. R. 8040) granting an increase of pension to Richard Holt; to the Committee on Invalid Pen PETITIONS, E'.I'C. sions. By l\lr. HARRIS: A bill (H. R. 8041) for the relief of Andrew Uncler clause 1 of Rule XXII, petitions and papers were Iaic1 H. Russell and William R. Livermore; to the Committee on on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows : Patents. By l\lr. ALLEN: Petitions of Thomas Fox Paper Co. and Ily Mr. HEALD : A bill (H. R. 8042) granting urt increase of Richardson Paper Co., of Lockland, Ohio, against Canadian pension to William H. Rust; to the Committee on Invalid. Pen reciprocity; to the Committee on Ways and l\Ieans. sions. By Mr. .ASHBROOK: Petitions of Parr Bros., John C. Also, a bill (H. R. 8043) granting an increase of pension to Thomas, Frank & Co., G. M. Fribley, .A. J. Harris, Jolin A. Thomas R. Hentlwrn; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. HUrst, C. W. Scott, C. Iil Lashmcrs, William Lewis, Baud & By l\fr. HILL: A bill (H. R. 8044) granting an increase of Kline, and V. Acme Bros. Co., all mercllnnts of New Philadel pension to Edward Skinner; to the Committee on Invalid Pen phia, Ohio, against parcels post; to the Committee on the Post sions. Office and Post Roads. Also, a bill (H. R. 8045) granting urt increase of pension to By l\1r. BYRNS of Tennessee: Papers to accompany bill for Philip D. Carroll; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the relief of the estate of Joseph G. Murphy, of Jackson County, .Also, a bill (H. R. 8046) granting an increase of pension to Tenn.; to the Committee on War Claims. John A. Smith; to the Committee on Im·alid Pensions. By Mr. CAMERON: Petition of citizens of Phoenix, Ariz., Also, a bill (H. R. 8047) granting n.n. increase of pension to requesting the sum of $25,000 be appropriated for the purpose of Samuel A. Cooper; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. devising means for checking the spread of the alfalfa lca:fl By l\Ir. HOUSTON: A bill (H. R. 8048) for the relief of weevil; to the Committee on Agriculture . .Andrew J. UcWhirter ; to the Committee on Military Affairs. By 1\lr. DALZELL: Petition of Local No. 270, International By Mr. KENDALL: A bill (H. R. 8049) granting an increase l\lolders' Union of North America, of Pittsburg, Pa., protesting of pension to Eliza Crall; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. against tax on oleomargarine; to the Committee on Agriculture• . By Ur. KIPP: .A bill (H. R. 8050) granting an increase of By 1\lr. FULLER: Petition of citizens of Ln Salle, Ill., favor pension to Eugene A. S . .Martin; to the Committee on Invalid ing a national department of health; to the Committee on Ex Pensions. penditures in the Interior Department. By Mr. LATTA: A bill (H. R. 8051) granting an increase of By 1\lr. GILLETT: Petition of South Amherst Adult Bible pension to Thomas L. Cums; to the Committee on Invalid Class, of Amherst, Mass., requesting the passage of a bill for· Pensions. bidding the transmission of race gambling; to the Committee on By Mr. McCREA.RY: A bill (H. R. 8052) granting an in the Judiciary. crease of pension to Helen K. Krischenmann; to the Committee By 1\lr. HAl~A: Petition of citizens of North Dakota against on Invalid Pensions. Canadian reciprocity; to the Committee on Ways ancJ Means. By l\:lr .• McGILLICUDDY : A bill (H. R. 8053) granting a .AJso, petitions of citizens of Mapleton, N. Duk., favoring the pension to Francis G. French, alias Frank Jones; to the Com passage of the Hanna bill, paying additional compensation to mittee on In\alid Pensions. rural free-delivery carriers; J. Pedersen, of Medora, N. Dak., Also, a bill (H. R. 8054) granting a pension to Carlos Dins against parcels post; and S. T. Henderson and W. V. Hender· more; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. son, of Crystal, N. Dnk., protestiug against raising the rates o:tl Also, a bill (H. R. 8055) grurtting an increase of pension to postngc on magazines; to the Committee on the Post Office and William Walsh; to the Committee on Inrnlicl Pensions. l'ost Roads. By Mr. UAGUIRE of Nebraska: A bill (H. R. 8056) grant By Mr. HEAI~D: Petitions of Washington Camp, No. 18, of ing an increase of pension to Maria A. Van Kleck; to the Com Violi, Del.; Camp No. 3, of Kenton, Del.; ancl Cnmp No. 17, mittee on Invalid Pensions. Pah·iotic Order Sons of America, favoring legislation restricting Also, a bill (H. R. 8057) granting a pension to Monta :m. immigration; to the Committee on Immigration n.n By Mr. O'SHAUNESSY : Petition of Division No. 57, Brother with other burdens of the office, is the price of serving the pub hood of Locomotive Engineers, Providence, R. I., to admit to lic, and is to tie taken, as every thorough and sportsmu.nlike the mails us second-class matter periodical publications issued golfer will understand, -ns a "rub of the green." by or uncle-r the auspices of benevolent and fraternal societies Your toastmaster hn.s been good enough to mention, as a sub nnd orders nn<.l institutions of learning or by trades unions, and ject upon which our minds will meet, a general arbitration for other purposes; to the Committee on the Post Office and treaty with Great Britain. I believe that the proposal for Post Roads. · this is moving along with as much rapidity as is consistent with By Mr. PRAY : Petition of Trades und Labor Assembly of care in drafting the agreement and securing fo:r it as broad n Helena, Mont., in favor of parcels-post law; to the Committee scope as possible. _ on the Post Office and Post Roads. It may not be inappropriate for me to refer to a kindred sub By Mr. ROBERTS of Massachusetts: Petition of citizens of ject that will indirectly stimulate international peace, and will Massachusetts, against any legislation for a national depart be a substantial step in that direction, to wit, the reciprocity ment of health; to the Committee on Expenditures in the Inte with Canada. rior Department. I am glad to ha \e the opportunity of speaking to a body By Mr. STONE : Papers to accompany a bill to increase the which fully represents the most important agencies for the pension of Thomas A. Dobbins; to the Committee on Invalid formation of public opinion in this country upon a question Pensions. · which has now reached a critical point in its settlement. The By Mr. UNDERIDLL: Petition of Avoca Manufacturing Co., agreement is a commercial one, and affects the duties on im of Avoca, N. Y., protesting against jute bagging for baling cot ports from each country into the other, and, therefore, it is ton being put on the free list; to the Committee on Ways and difficult to say that a detailed discussion of tariff schedules is Means. not relevant and important in considering its wisdom. But the general, commercial, economic, and social arguments in its favor are so convincing that I may be pardoned if I do not dwell on specific rates. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. The treaty provides for free trade in all agricultural products, and in rough lumber down to the point of planing. It reduces 8.ATUilD.AY, 'A..pril 29, 1911. the duties on secondary food products by a very substantial percent.age, and it makes such reductions on a number of manu The House met at 12 o'clock m. factured articles thn:t those engaged in ma.king them have Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Coµden, D. D., as assured us that the reductions will substantially increase the follows: already large Canadian demand for them. Eternal and ever-living God, our Fath~, incline Thine ear We tendered to the Canadian commissioners absolutely free and hear our petition. Thou art infinite; we are finite; Thou trade in all products of either country, manufactured or natu art all inclusive, while we are but integral parts of a stu r:il, but the Canadian commissioners did not feel justified in pendous whole. Hold us close to Thee, that we may feel the going so far. It is only reasonable to infer, therefore, that .warm, life-giving currents of Thy loving heart, and believe with respect to those :irtlcles upon whlch they refused free that whatsoever Thou dost order for us is better than anything trade to us they felt that the profitable price at which they we could desire for ourselves; that we may harmonize our could be sold by our manufacturers in Canada was less than thoughts with Thy thoughts, our ways with Thy ways, and the price at which their manufacturers could afford to sell the submit our will to Thine. In the spirit of the J;;ord, Jesus same either to their own people or to us. Hence it follows that Christ. Amen. their refusal to agree to free trade in these articles, as we The Jeurnul of the proceedings of yesterday was read and proposed, is the strongest kind of evidence that if we should approved. take off the existing duty from such articles coming into the THE TA.r.IFF. United States it would not affect in the slightest degree the Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Speaker, I mOTe that the House re price at which those articles could be furnished to the public s9lve itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state here. In other words, the proposition to put on the free list of the Union :for the further consideration of the bill H. R. for entrance into the United States all articles that Canada has 4.413, a bill to plaqe agricultural implements and other articles declined to make free in both countries would not lower the on the free list. price to the consumer here. Thus the reason why meats were The motion was agreed to. not put on the free list in this Canadian agreement was because Accordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee of Canada felt that the competition of our packers would inju the Whole House on the state of the Union for the further con riously affect the products of their packing houses. If that be sideration of the free-list bill, with Mr. ALEXANDER in the chair. true, how would it help our consumer or lower the price of Mr. AUSTIN. Mr. Chairman, I :xsk unanimous consent to meat in our markets if we let their meat in free while they re print in the REconn the speech delivered by President Taft in tain.eel a duty on our meat? New York on the evening of April 27; 1011, on Canadian reci The same thing is true of flour. They would not consent to procity. I ash: that this be done in view of the speech made by free trade in flour, because they knew that our flour mills could the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. PRINCE] on yesterday. undersell their millers. If that were so, then how much com The CHA.IRUAN. The gentleman from Tennessee asks unani petition and lowering of the price of flour could we expect fr0m mous consent to print in the REconn the speech delivered by putting Canadian flour on the free list? President Taft in New York the night before last. Is there And yet gentlemen insist that the farmer has been unjustly objection? treated because we have not put Canadian flour and meat on Mr. DALZELil. Mr. Chairman, the committee has no power the free list. And it is proposed to satisfy the supposed griev to consent to the publication of the speech. ance of the farmers by now doing so, without any compensating Mr. AUSTIN. Then, Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent concession from Canad-a. This proposal would be le.gisla tion to print that speech as.a part of my remarks. passed for political-platform uses, without accomplishing any The CHAIRMAN. If there is no objection, it will be so real good. ordered. In another aspect, howe\er, the effect of the proposal might There was no objection, and it was so ordered. be serious. Of course a mere reduction of our tariff, or the The President's speech is as follows : putting of any article on our free list, without insisting on a co;rresponding change in the Canadian tariff, will not interfere Ur. Toastniaster, and Gcn:tlcnien of the Associatea Press ana with the contract as made with Canada. Canada can not object American, Ncws·papcr Publislwr·s' Association: to our giving her greater tariff concessions than we have agreed I thank the toastmaster for his gracious and kindly intro to gi"Ve her under the contract. But if we do make such con duction. Ile seems to ,expect a few candid remarks by me upon cessions, without any consideration· on the part of Canada, the press of the country, and has offered me this occasion as an without any quid pro quo, so to speak, after the contract has opportunity for getting even, as it were, with some of its mem been tentatively agreed. upon by those authorized to make con bers. But I shall disappoint him. I have no grievance. This tracts for ratification ,in both Governments, then we are in is the only world we ha"Ve, the press is its chief instrument in danger of creating an obligation against us in favor of all other the formation of public opinion, and I could not hope to change foreign countries with whom we have existing treaties con the tone of the press by what I might say here by way of sug taining what is called the "favored-nation" clause. By this gesting improvement, and, so far as I am personally concerned, clause we agree to give the same commercial privileges to the I might make it a good deal worse. I am in a position where country with whom we have made the treaty as we give to any every act of mine is fairly subject to review, and whether the other nation. This clause has been construed by our statesmen comment be friendly and judicial or hostile and unfair, it goes not to involve us in an obligation to extend a privilege to all
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 725 Csted in the Pending Reciprocity Agreement Than in the Old One
