Faculty Name : Ravi Shankar Kumar(asst.Prof..Computer science)
College :M m Mahila college Ara.
Department : Deptt. Computer Application.
Contact :8544348892.
E-mail :[email protected].
Subject :Multimedia tools and Application.
Paper code :5BCA2.
Semester :5th
Unit :2.
No of Topic :2.
File Formats for multimedia The following is an outline of current file formats used for the production and delivery of multimedia data.
File Formats for multimedia The following is an outline of current file formats used for the production and delivery of multimedia data.
Text Formats
RTF Rich Text Format is the primary file format introduced in 1987 by Microsoft with the specification of their published products and for cross-platform documents interchange.
Plain text Plain text files can be opened, read, and edited with most text editors. commonly used are Notepad (Windows), Gedit or nano (Unix, Linux), TextEdit (Mac OS and so on. Other computer programs are also capable of reading and importing plain text. Plain text is the original and popular way of conveying an e-mail.
Image Formats
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) This format is common in desktop publishing world (high quality output), and is supported by almost all software packages. Recent versions of TIFF allows image compression, and the format is comfortable for moving large files between computers.
BMP (Bitmap) Initially this format is in use with Windows 3.1. It is quite large and uncompressed and hence BMP is used for the high-resolution or large images.
DIB (Device Independent Bitmap) This format which is similar to BMP, allows the files to be displayed on a variety of devices.
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) GIF is a compressed image format. Most of the computer color images and backgrounds are GIF files. This file format is best suitable for graphics that uses only limited colors, and it is the most popular format used for online color photos. 13-bit Color look up table is used by the GIF format to identify its color values. This format is supported widely.
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) JPEG was designed to attain maximum image compression. It uses lossy compression technique, where a compression method is referred that loses some of the data required for the image reconstruction. It works good with photographs, naturalistic artwork, and similar material but functions less on lettering, live drawings or simple cartoons.
TGA (Tagra) It is the first popular format for high-resolution images. TGA is supported by Most of the video-capture boards.
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) An extensible file format for the less loss, portable and well compressed storage of raster images. PNG acts as replacement for GIF and also replaces multiple common uses of TIFF. PNG works good with online viewing applications like worldwide web. so it is fully streameable with a best display option.
Digital Audio File Formats WAV (Waveform Audio File Format) It is the most popular audio file format in windows for storing uncompressed sound files. In order to attain the reduced file size it can also be converted to other file formats like MP3.
MP3 (MPEG Layer-3 Format) MPEG Layer-3 format is the most popular format for storing and downloading music. The MP3 files are roughly compressed to one-tenth the size of an equivalent WAV file. OGG A free, open source container format that is designed for obtaining better streaming and evolving at high end quality digital multimedia. It can be compared to MP3 files in terms of quality.
AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format) A standard audio file format used by Apple which is like a WAV file for the Mac.
WMA (Windows Media Audio) It is a popular windows media audio format owned by Microsoft and designed with Digital Right Management (DRM) abilities for copyright protection.
RA (Real Audio Format) Real Audio format is designed for streaming audio over the Internet. The digital audio resources are usually stored as a computer file in computer’s hard drive or CD/DVD. Besides the variety of audio file formats available, the most common formats are wave files (.WAV) and MPEG Layer-3 files (.MP3), WMA and RA.
Digital Video File Formats
AVI (Audio/Video Interleave) AVI is the video file format for Windows. Here sound and picture elements are stored in alternate interleaved chunks in the file. MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) MPEG is a standard for generating digital video and audio compression under the International Standards Organization (ISO) by the group of people. The group has developed MPEG-1, the standard on which Video CD and MP3 are based, MPEG-2, the standard that supports products as Digital Television set top boxes and DVD, MPEG-4, the standard for multimedia and mobile web.MPEG-7, the standard for search of audio and visual content. Research on MPEG-21 “Multimedia Framework” has started in 2000. Simply MPEG is the standards for digital video and audio compression.
Multimedia communication
Chapter 2 - Multimedia Communications 1. 1. Chapter 2 Multimedia Communications- 2. 2. Its application include entertainment, education, medicine, advertising etc. The term Multimedia describes a number of diverse technologies that allow visual and audio media to be combined in new ways for the purpose of communication. Multimedia is the use of computers to present text, graphics, video, animations, and sound in an integrated way. What is Multimedia? 3. 3. Coding Context Channel Error Control, Redundancy(Repetition) and Accuracy Protocols Standards The principles of communication deals with Multimedia communication uses multiple channels. The transfer needs a Channel (E.g. Air, Cable, Fiber Optics, etc.) Communication is the transfer of information Principles of Communications 4. 4. Examples: Websites, Information Kiosks and Interactive Media Multimedia communication involves showing information in multiple media formats. Images, video, audio and text all are part of multimedia communication. A single instance of multimedia communication does not have to have all four components. Multimedia Communication 5. 5. Multimedia Communication Network 6. 6. Data Communication Model 7. 7. Multimedia Communication Network Components 8. 8. A channel has a certain capacity for transmitting information, often measured by its bandwidth in Hz or its data rate in bits per second. A channel is used to convey an information signal, for example a digital bit stream, from one or several senders (or transmitters) to one or several receivers. A communication channel refers either to a physical transmission medium such as a wire, or to a logical connection over a multiplexed medium such as a radio channel. Channels / Mediums 9. 9. Light Waves (Infrared, Li-Fi) Radio wave (FM, AM, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Cellular Network) Microwave (Satellite Waves) Wireless Multi Thread Single Thread Fiber Optics Cable Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable Shielded Twisted Pair Cable Twisted Pair Cable Co-axiel Cable Wired Medium Types and Classification There are 2 multimedia transmission mediums 10. 10. Ch Wired medium are used if we need a very high connection speed, this is usually true in case we want to transfer over an Exabyte of data. It also allows for a reliable long distance connection between computers. We choose wireless mediums if we require just a limited amount of speed. For e.g. for a home or office connection where we use the network for personal file sharing and for streaming multimedia contents. Also it covers a limited reason of space. Choice of Channels Time problems Economic considerations Ability to understand message Ability to use the channel Availability of equipment Availability of channel oice of channels depends on 11. 11. Text (HTML, TXT, RTF) Graphics (JPEG, PNG, TIFF, GIF) Video (MPEG, AVI, MP4) Audio (MP3, WAV, AIFF) Media Types and Classification 12. 12. Text – Used to display computer text in Human Readable Format Graphics – Used for Images, Icon, Infographics, Charts and Visual Representation Video – Used for Video Streaming, Films and Video Conferencing Audio – Used for Podcasts, Music and VoIP Media Types and Their Use 13. 13. Example: Graphs, Charts, Articles, Graphics, Movies etc. When raw data are well arranged, they become information that gives meaning Information is that which informs. Concept of Information 14. 14. Combination of multiple strategies Text and documentation Trees, network or graphs Spatial or temporal structure Tabular Structure Information Structures can be: Information structure refers to how data are arranged in order to give a related useful meaning as information. Information Structure 15. 15. To detect or correct errors requires extra information (Redundancy) In digital communication where binary of used errors cause 1 to become 0 and 0 to become 1 Communication may involve errors Raw data can be converted into an information structure of choice and then we may use the medium of communication of our choice. Communication of Information 16. 16. The first major model for communication came in 1949 and was conceived by Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver for Bell Laboratories. Models of communication are conceptual models used to explain the human communication process. Model of Communication 17. 17. Modes of Media Transmission SIMPLEX HALF-DUPLEX FULL-DUPLEX 18. 18. Examples of simplex Mode is loudspeaker, television broadcasting, television and remote, keyboard and monitor etc. In this type of transmission mode data can be sent only through one direction i.e. communication is unidirectional. We cannot send a message back to the sender. Unidirectional communication is done in Simplex Systems. Simplex Mode of Media Transmission 19. 19. Example of half duplex is a walkie-talkie in which message is sent one at a time and messages are sent in both the directions. In half duplex system we can send data in both directions but it is done one at a time that is when the sender is sending the data then at that time we can’t send the sender our message. The data is sent in one direction. Half-Duplex Mode of Media Transmission 20. 20. Example of Full Duplex is a Telephone Network in which there is communication between two persons by a telephone line, through which both can talk and listen at the same time. In full duplex system we can send data in both directions as it is bidirectional. Data can be sent in both directions simultaneously. We can send as well as we receive the data. Full-Duplex Mode of Media Transmission 21. 21. At the receiving end, the incoming signal is demodulated into the A carrier signal is modulated as specified by the binary representation of the data The data is coded as binary numbers at the sender end Role of Media Transmission Decoding of the binary numbers is performedrespective binary numbers