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The Poems of Dracontius in Their Vandalic and Visigothic Contexts
The Poems of Dracontius in their Vandalic and Visigothic Contexts Mark Lewis Tizzoni Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The University of Leeds, Institute for Medieval Studies September 2012 The candidate confinns that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. © 2012 The University of Leeds and Mark Lewis Tizzoni The right of Mark Lewis Tizzoni to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Acknowledgements: There are a great many people to whom I am indebted in the researching and writing of this thesis. Firstly I would like to thank my supervisors: Prof. Ian Wood for his invaluable advice throughout the course of this project and his help with all of the historical and Late Antique aspects of the study and Mr. Ian Moxon, who patiently helped me to work through Dracontius' Latin and prosody, kept me rooted in the Classics, and was always willing to lend an ear. Their encouragement, experience and advice have been not only a great help, but an inspiration. I would also like to thank my advising tutor, Dr. William Flynn for his help in the early stages of the thesis, especially for his advice on liturgy and Latin, and also for helping to secure me the Latin teaching job which allowed me to have a roof over my head. -
Roman Beast Hunts
CHAPTER 34 Roman Beast Hunts Chris Epplett 1 Introduction While gladiatorial combats and chariot races are perhaps the spectacles most commonly asso- ciated with ancient Rome in modern perception, a third type of spectacle, the venatio (beast hunt), was also popular among Romans. Animal spectacles of one kind or another, in fact, were staged over a longer period of time in Roman territory than gladiatorial contests. A variety of sources attest to the popularity of such events in the Roman world. Writers such as Pliny the Elder and Suetonius often mention especially noteworthy spectacles staged in Rome, including venationes. Inscriptions commemorating games staged by wealthy residents of dozens of different communities demonstrate the ubiquity of animal spectacles over the centuries of Roman rule. Artistic evidence, in particular mosaics from North Africa, leave no doubt that venationes were memorable occasions. Staged animal hunts, typically with aristocrats and monarchs as active participants, were a staple of many societies in Asia and Europe for millennia (Allsen 2006; Kyle 2007: 23–37), so it is not surprising that such events also attracted a wide following in ancient Rome. What is relatively rare in terms of the hunts in Rome is that they did not normally include the direct participation of either rulers or the aristocratic elite. Nonetheless, Roman animal spectacles served many of the same ideological and propagandistic functions as those found elsewhere. 2 Origins and Development of the Beast Hunts in Republican Rome When Romans began staging animal spectacles in the third century BCE, they were aware of and influenced by the practices of other cultures in the Mediterranean, most notably A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Antiquity, First Edition. -
The House of the Rising Sun: Luminosity and Sacrality from Domus to Ecclesia
Fabio Barry The House of the Rising Sun: Luminosity and Sacrality from Domus to Ecclesia The poem In praise of the younger Justin (566/567 AD) was the last flowering of Latin panegyricepic in Byzantium, written by Corippus, court poet to Justin II (r. 565578). In one passage, the poet offers this ekphrasis of the Emperor’s throneroom in the recently completed Sophia Palace: There is a hall within the upper part of the palace That shines with its own light as though it were open to the clear sky And so gleams with the intense luster of glassy minerals, That, if one may say so, it has no need of the golden sun And it ought really be named the ‘Abode of the Sun’ So pleasing is the sight of the place and still more wondrous in appea- rance1. One commentator has taken these words at face value to mean “a kind of solarium, with walls and perhaps roof of glass.”2 Instead, the poet means a chamber sheathed in glass mosa- ic (“vitrei… metalli”), indubitably vaulted not glazed, and abounding in such gleaming reflec- tions that the room seemed to illuminate itself. It was a throneroom worthy of the Sun himself and the emperor Justin, we are to understand, is that Sun. This interpretation is more than confirmed by the permutations on the theme that pervade the rest of the poem: Justin acce- ded to the throne at dawn and light filled the palace at his acclamation; his father Justinian (fig. 1) was “the light of the city and the world”; Justin’s royal limbs emit light; the “imperial palace with its officials is like Olympus. -
Vandalia: Identity, Policy, and Nation-Building in Late-Antique North Africa
VANDALIA: IDENTITY, POLICY, AND NATION-BUILDING IN LATE-ANTIQUE NORTH AFRICA BY EUGENE JOHAN JANSSEN PARKER A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Victoria University of Wellington 2018 Abstract In 534, after the conquest of the Vandal kingdom, Procopius tells us that the emperor Justinian deported all remaining Vandals to serve on the Persian frontier. But a hundred years of Vandal rule bred cultural ambiguities in Africa, and the changes in identity that occurred during the Vandal century persisted long after the Vandals had been shipped off to the East: Byzantine and Arabic writers alike shared the conviction that the Africans had, by the sixth and seventh centuries, become something other than Roman. This thesis surveys the available evidence for cultural transformation and merger of identities between the two principal peoples of Vandal Africa, the Vandals and the Romano-Africans, to determine the origins of those changes in identity, and how the people of Africa came to be different enough from Romans for ancient writers to pass such comment. It examines the visible conversation around ethnicity in late-antique Africa to determine what the defining social signifiers of Vandal and Romano-African identity were during the Vandal century, and how they changed over time. Likewise, it explores the evidence for deliberate attempts by the Vandal state to foster national unity and identity among their subjects, and in particular the role that religion and the African Arian Church played in furthering these strategies for national unity. Finally, it traces into the Byzantine period the after-effects of changes that occurred in Africa during the Vandal period, discussing how shifts in what it meant to be Roman or Vandal in Africa under Vandal rule shaped the province's history and character after its incorporation into the Eastern Empire. -
THE AFRICAN CONTRIBUTION* by Barry Baldwin (University of Calgary)
ACTA CLASSICA XXXII {1989} 31-51 ISSN 0065-1141 SOME PLEASURES OF LATER ROMAN LITERATURE: THE AFRICAN CONTRIBUTION* by Barry Baldwin (University of Calgary) 'Ex Africa semper aliquid novi', a predictable and congenial conference theme. Now 'aliquid novi' is a phrase that crops up elsewhere in interesting connections, e.g. in the opening sentence of Quintus Cicero's Electioneering Handbook ( Comm. Pet. 1.1) and in the Vulgate version of Acts 17.21 where Paul upbraids Athenian neophilia. But at the risk of spoiling the fun, we should remember that this proverb, both in Pliny (NH 8.42) and in its original formulation by Aristotle (HA 606b 20), refers to wild animals that are particularly lustful! A less familiar observation by Vitruvius (8.3.4), 'Africa parens et nutrix ferarum bestiarum', clarifies the sentiment. Better still (i.e. ~orse), the Greek version1 has a variant reading kakon for kainon, thereby transmogrifying the aphorism into 'always something bad out of Africa'. But I think we will draw a discreet veil over that one! As far as we know, the Romans did not set foot in South Africa. My optimistic qualification derives from recent newspaper reports2 of a Roman ship off the Brazilian coast neast Rio. Certainly, land excavation of the farm at Wadi Lamout3 has shown that the Romans grew cereals over 100 miles into the desert beyond the present southern limits of cultivation. This sort of discovery justifies the attitude of Sallust (Jug. 18) who contrasts the barbarous indigenous peoples of Africa with the civilising influence of immigrants from Europe, a remark some modern politicians would do well to consider. -
Baths and Bathing in Late Antiquity
Baths and Bathing in Late Antiquity Ph.D. thesis 2013 Michal Zytka Summary This thesis examines the cultural, religious and therapeutic functions of Roman baths and bathing during Late Antiquity, as they are presented in a wide range of primary literary sources, and the way in which they are addressed in current research. The chronological scope of the work stretches from the late 3rd to the early 7th century. The geographical focus is on the Eastern part of the Roman Empire. The aim of the thesis is, primarily, to analyse aspects of bathing during this period that have not been previously addressed in detail (such as medicinal uses of bathing) and to examine the issues that have been discussed in the past but had not been answered unequivocally, or which have not been treated in an exhaustive manner – such as the matters of nudity and equality in a bath-house environment, or of Christian attitudes to bathing in this context. The thesis also considers what the knowledge of the subject topic contributes to our understanding of the period of Late Antiquity. The thesis examines the changes that occurred in the bathing culture during Late Antiquity and their causes, exploring in detail the impact of Christianity on bathing customs, and devotes special attention to how the perceptions of bathing were presented in the contemporary sources. This will be achieved by investigating passages from a wide range of texts mentioning baths and bathing and subsequently drawing conclusions based on the analysis of the primary sources. 1 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 4 Chronological and geographical boundaries ...........................................................