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INSIDE NOVEMBER • DECEMBER 2016 • VOLUME XXIX, NUMBER VI The official publication of the Association of Diving Contractors International FEATURES  12 Fred Johnson: Never Say Goodbye to Diving or Helping Others  16 Marine Technology Training Center (CALPIA) The inmates taking part in the Marine Technology Training Center (MTTC) at the California Institution for Men in Chino, California learn the intricacies of in an effort to have a fulfilling career when they get out of prison.  20 Contaminated Water Diving Keeping divers and companies safe.  24 A Slice of Diving History ADCI Executive Director Phil Newsum shares a piece of diving history and examines the ways that the industry has evolved and also what has remained the same.  26 Underwater Intervention 2017 28 Offshore Commercial Diving Pictorial 12

DEPARTMENTS 16 8 Board of Directors 9 President’s Message Craig Fortenbery 11 Executive Director’s Message Phil Newsum 34 Index to Advertisers

20

To contribute articles and photography to UnderWater magazine, please contact Steve Guglielmo at 352-333-2741 or [email protected] Subscribe to UnderWater magazine at www.underwatermagazine.com.

ADCI Online Buyers’ Guide When looking for trusted suppliers and services, our members turn to the official Association of Diving Contractors International Online Buyers’ Guide. Available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, the newly redesigned Online Buyers’ Guide allows members to find the products and services they need quickly and easily. Visit our Online Buyers’ Guide today at adci.officialbuyersguide.net. Cover art provided by Oceaneering International Inc.

www.adc-int.org • www.underwatermagazine.com UNDERWATER 7 UNDERWATER ADCI BOARD OF DIRECTORS The Official Publication of the Association of ADCI Executive Dan Pierson Diving Contractors International Global Diving & Salvage Committee General Member

President Richard Fryburg Craig Fortenbery Subsalve USA Corporation Mainstream Commercial Divers Associate Member General Member, BOD Executive Committee Tom Maddox American Diving Supply 1st Vice President Associate member Jay Crofton Crofton Diving Corp. Mike Malone General Member Amron International Executive Committee Associate Member November • December VOLUME XXIX, NUMBER VI 2nd Vice President Allan Palmer Bryan Nicholls Bisso Marine, LLC U.S. Underwater Services (General Member) General Member Published for Executive Committee ASSOCIATION OF DIVING David Dodd CONTRACTORS INTERNATIONAL Infrastructure Engineers, Inc. Treasurer 5206 FM 1960 W. Suite 202 General Member Robbie Mistretta Houston, TX 77069 Divers Supply, Inc. 281-893-8388, Fax 281-893-5118 Bo Ristic Associate Member, BOD www.adc-int.org Chet Morrison Executive Committee Contractors, LLC (General Member) Published by Claudio Castro STS Chilean Chapter Chairman Wendell Swilley International Representative Underwater Services 5950 NW 1st Place, Gainesville, FL 32607 Executive Committee International 800-369-6220, Fax: 352-331-3525 East Coast Chapter Chairman www.naylor.com Executive Director Phil Newsum Bruce Trader Publisher: Kathleen Gardner International Representative Madcon Corporation Executive Committee Executive Editorial Committee: General Member Phil Newsum, [email protected] Lazaro Del Castillo Olaya Rebecca Roberts, [email protected] ADCI Board Servicios De Buceo Y Managing Editor: Sean Garrity of Directors Technicos Especializados [email protected] Latin American and Caribbean Billy Bratkowski Chapter Chairman Advertising Sales Director: Jamie Williams Epic Divers and Marine, LLC Marketing Associate: Kaydee Currie General Member Stevens Tan Master-Tech Diving Services, Account Representatives: Angie Bevilacqua, Jeff Bunkin, Ken Brooks Singapore Krys D’Antonio, Brian Donohoe, Shaun Greyling, Triton Diving Services Asia-Pacific Chapter Chairman Erik Henson, Shane Holt, Chris Zabel General Member Travis Detke Layout and Design: Don Wilkins Aqueos Corporation Gordon Klassen GKDS Marine , Inc Gulf Coast Chapter Chairman UnderWater magazine (UPS 010-562) (ISSN 10726098) is published Midwest Chapter Chairman bi-monthly by NAYLOR, LLC, 5950 NW First Place, Gainesville, FL 32607, Tom Ulrich on behalf of the Association of Diving Contractors International, Inc. 5206 FM 1960 W., Suite 202, Houston, TX 77069. Periodical Postage paid at American Marine Gainesville, FL and at additional mailing offices. Western Chapter Chairman Postmaster: Send address changes to UnderWater magazine, Legal Advisor c/o NAYLOR, LLC Douglas Truxillo, Esq. 5950 NW 1st Place, Gainesville, FL 32607. Onebane, Bernard, et al © 2016 NAYLOR, LLC. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of the publisher. Published November 2016 ADC-S0616/2251 www.underwatermagazine.com

8 UNDERWATER NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2016 A MESSAGE FROM THE ADCI PRESIDENT ❘ CRAIG FORTENBERY

he last month has been a busy time for the ADCI, and the past week was no exception. On Tuesday, Executive Director Phil Newsum and I traveled to Washington for a partnership action team meeting with the Coast Guard, then met with Naylor Event Solutions, the company assisting us with putting on Underwater Intervention. We then traveled to Baltimore for an Executive Committee meeting, board meeting, and a combined East Coast/Midwest chapter meeting. Our meeting with the USCG included discussion of multiple topics affecting the industry, Tincluding a review of ongoing ADCI initiatives, a comparative analysis on diving casualty statistics, a review of the USCG and ADCI mutual training agreement, an updated status report of the USCG commercial diving standards Notice of Public Rule Making (NPRM), and updates to the ADCI Consensus Standards since edition 6.2 was released. Our meeting with Naylor Event Solutions focused on preparation for the upcoming Underwater Intervention 2017. Naylor is a professional tradeshow event coordinator who will be assisting us with man- agement of Underwater Intervention. With their help we hope to improve and revitalize the show and we are very excited to see the end results. However, to have a truly great show, we also need member participation and I encourage every member to participate by submitting a technical paper about an interesting project or product. The original deadline to submit an abstract was October 20, but this has been extended so if you haven’t already submitted your abstract, there is still time. The combined chapter meeting in Baltimore included a technical session on NDT by Rod Sanders with Cygnus Instruments and an equipment maintenance session by Chris Gable with Ocean Eye. Phil Newsum also gave an update of ongoing ADCI activities including the board ratified audit initiative and answered questions asked by members. After the meeting, dinner was provided aboard the USS Constellation located in Baltimore harbor and a raffle was held of donated items. I would like to thank Wendell Swilley, East Coast Chapter chair and Don Wilkins, Midwest Chapter chair for all of their hard work organizing such a successful event.

Dive Safe! Craig Fortenbery

ADCI Updates: Mark Your Calendars:

The ADCI Board of Directors is moving forward with the safety The Latin American/Caribbean Chapter audit initiative. I would like to remind everyone that the safety audit meeting will be held on November 17-18 at the process is intended to be a positive experience while educating and Royal Sonesta Hotel in Panama City, Panama. assisting General Members to be compliant with the Consensus Standards. All General Members of the ADCI Board of Directors Underwater Intervention 2017 will be have agreed to undergo their safety audit first in order to help held on February 21-23, 2017 at the Morial streamline the process. A training workshop for potential auditors Convention Center in New Orleans. is being held on November 15-16. The goal of the workshop is to insure that the auditors understand the audit initiative and that all audits are performed to the same criteria and are only reflective of what is contained within the ADCI Concensus Standards. If you haven’t done so already, please take the opportunity to visit the ADCI-TV section on the ADCI website. The ADCI’s lat- est video is the second of a series describing how to successfully prepare and navigate an ADCI audit. On this video, Jon Hazelbaker and Phil Newsum discuss the dive site portion of the safety audit.

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10825226_Kongsberg.indd UNDERWATER NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1 2016 8/4/16 8:52 PM A MESSAGE FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ❘ PHIL NEWSUM

his edition of Underwater magazine has some very diverse features. From contaminated water diving operations to a historical letter from the United States Navy; I’m sure you will find all of the different articles informative and interesting. Things remain the same in the offshore sector. Many Industry Safety Initiatives and Focus Groups are losing some momentum. Time and budgets are being re-prioritized. Even if things rebound mod- estly during the last quarter of 2016 or first quarter of 2017, oilfield services and drilling recovery will Tlag given the industry’s overcapacity and gradual increase in drilling activity. We are taking note that business approaches and models are being tailored for long term change. As for the inland sector, which is not directly affected by the O&G, things remain steady. Bridges, ports, dams, and nuclear facilities are full speed with inspection, maintenance, and repair work. Since my last message, there have been a few notable developments. The ADCI and the United States Navy’s Supervisor of Salvage & Diving / Director of Ocean Engineering have signed a Memorandum of Understanding. The MOU sets out that the two entities will focus collaboratively on , Lessons Learned, and Best Practices. The ADCI has also entered a Memorandum of Understanding with the U.S. Army Engineer School. The primary focus is a USAES-ADCI Cooperative Academic Credentialing Program for all Army Engineers. Those Engineers who are also graduates from the Naval Diving and Salvage Training Center (NDSTC) and are at least Second Class (Phase II) divers will be eligible for ADCI Entry Level Tender/Diver Certifications or greater, depending upon their Salvage Diver Qualification Worksheet. The Association also met with the United States Coast Guard in Washington, D.C., as part of the ADCI-USCG Partnership, in October. Discussions centered around the comparative analysis on diving casualty statistics, the ADCI’s Auditing Initiative, as well as the possible formation of an Offshore Emergency Response Liaison Group, involving the ADCI and U.S. Gulf of Mexico Diving Safety Work Group (DSWG). The primary focus of this Liaison group would be to look at coordinated efforts to address hyperbaric emergencies in the OCS. In the last edition of UW, I talked about the ADCI Audit Initiative for Existing General Members and Associate Member Schools that have not previously gone through a formal audit. The initiative is to officially begin 1 January 2017, and it will have a 36 month window. A formal letter from the ADCI announcing the initiative and all applicable details will be issued in November 2016. Contractors and Schools that have not been previously audited are encouraged to take the necessary time and steps to become familiar with the ADCI Diving Contractor Audit Report and Commercial Program Audit Report. All personnel within the company or school that will be directly involved with the audit process should be familiar with the ADCI Consensus Standards for Commercial Diving and Underwater Operations ( edition), as both audit reports are entirely based upon the guidelines contained in the standards. Probably the biggest deficiency uncovered on ADCI audits has been lack of familiarization with the Consensus Standards. Once again, I want to encourage all members and industry stakeholders to take advantage of the opportunity to present at Underwater Intervention 2017. Underwater Intervention is the only conference of its kind, attract- ing people from all areas of the underwater industry. If your company has a great lesson learned, completed a unique or large project, or developed a better or safer way to perform an operation, showcase this at U.I. 2017. If you have manufactured a new piece of equipment or system, showcase it at U.I. 2017. I recently, attended the East Coast / Midwest Chapter meeting in Baltimore Maryland. One of the presenta- tions that was given covered sample cleaning guidelines for helmets/masks, regulators, and drysuits by Ocean Eye, Inc. This presentation held the complete attention of the room and provided real takeaways for attendees from both companies and schools. The point here is that some of the most sought after information by stake- holders involves some very basic industry needs. Another presentation that was given was on the capabilities of Cygnus Instrumentation and some of the misunderstandings and perceptions of Ultrasonic Testing. This was another presentation that grabbed the attention of the room, and folks left the presentation more informed on some very important aspects of UT. Don’t underestimate the interest of what you may have to offer.

See you at Underwater Intervention 2017 21-23 February, 2017 New Orleans, LA

www.adc-int.org • www.underwatermagazine.com UNDERWATER 11 Fred Johnson: Never Say Goodbye to Diving or Helping Others By Michele Kane, Chief of External Affairs, California Prison Industry Authority

ifty-five years in the diving industry from contractor to business owner, Fred Johnson never imagined he would be teaching com- mercial diving at a prison in Chino, California. Now nearing retirement, the 73-year old dive instructor beams with pride when talking about his students at the California Institution for Men (CIM).

“They are the hardest workers I have seen and commercial divers, welders, and even business they give 150 percent all the time,” said Johnson. owners.” “It’s amazing to see them changing completely Johnson smiles when talking about the great from who they were to who they can be.” success of his students saying that’s where he F Johnson oversees the California Prison gets his motivation. “Basically I teach them to Industry Authority’s (CALPIA) Leonard go out and reach for the top, even if they are Greenstone Marine Technology Training Center underwater.” program and his levelheaded, rigid approach to Commercial Diver Billy Pham knows first- diving captivates the most unlikely candidates hand the importance of Johnson’s presence in to the profession. He has taught hundreds of his life. He graduated from CALPIA’s Marine inmates how to be commercial divers and under- Technology Training Center program and has water welders. been out of prison for ten years. Now a successful “We have an 80% drop out rate on the first business manager of Muldoon Marine Services in day, that’s how tough this program can be,” Long Beach, California, Pham reflects on his first said Johnson. “The first thing I did was to show few days of entering the dive program at CIM. authority from the very beginning and what “He was like a father figure to me,” said Pham. I found that 90% of them had no self-worth. “When I got to the dive school I was lost not sure That’s where I knew I had to start, build their what I was going to do with the rest of my life. self-esteem. I taught some of these guys how to Mr. J taught me patience and how to be a good read and how to do mathematics.” diver and a good man. We talk every couple of While Johnson exudes toughness, his stu- weeks and share stories and he still gives me good dents also see that caring side, a role-model in advice. I owe a lot to that man.” their life that won’t let them down. “As long as Even as an instructor or “life coach”, Johnson they are doing the right thing, I will always be knew early on that diving was going to be part there for them.” of his life. The 18-month program is one of the most suc- “I knew what I was going to do when I was cessful rehabilitation programs in the State main- 8 years old, I wanted to be a diver I read every- taining a recidivism rate of less than 7 percent. thing about diving, my Dad took me to the Naval “All of these guys we line up jobs for them Shipyard at Mare Island when I was young and with the majority of them being successful that had a great influence on me.”

12 UNDERWATER NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2016 Mr. J taught me patience and how to be a good diver and a good man. We talk every couple of weeks and share stories and he still gives me good advice. I owe a lot to that man.

www.adc-int.org • www.underwatermagazine.com UNDERWATER 13 Fred took up diving when he was 12-years working at various Marine Construction jobs, old and through his teenage years got to Johnson worked as an underwater welding practice diving in the chilly waters along the instructor for the Navy in San Diego. Northern California Coast. At that time, Navy Veteran and success- “I went to work as an apprentice in San ful businessman Leonard Greenstone who Francisco Bay and it was a grueling experi- also was a member of the Prison Industry ence, it made me tough. When I started I Board re-opened a dive school through weighed 110 pounds, I wasn’t that big and CALPIA at CIM in May 2006. the gear weighed 200 pounds. It definitely “I knew about Chino, because I hired made me tenacious.” a Chino Diver at Dive Tech. When I came In 1972, Johnson started his own com- here, it was an empty school, I had to build pany, Dive Tech International in San this program like a business and I stepped Francisco. After running his company and on toes.”

DIVERS SUPPLY, INC. %HOOH&KDVVH+Z\‡*UHWQD/$ Johnson realized he couldn’t continue to 7ROO)UHH  ‡3KRQH  ‡)D[   build a school and teach at the same time. GLYHUV#GLYHUVVXSSO\LQFFRP‡ZZZGLYHUVVXSSO\LQFFRP In 2008, Navy Chief Jeff Powers joined him. “That was the best hire,” added Johnson. “He was a man who knew the ins and outs of diving, but also a great role model and leader. Our first class of divers had 24 men graduate. We had a secondary school for them and to give them self-worth and gave them challenges. The ultimate test was the brutal five mile swim. That’s when we knew they were becoming men.”

CHAMBER 60 PLAF1 Johnson and Powers continue to 5120QK3 run a program that has gained positive 255C-30F national attention. It’s accredited through the Association of Diving Contractors Celebrating International and both make certain to carry on Leonard Greenstone’s legacy. Kirby Morgan 28 years “When the men in our program leave Helmets, Masks & Parts here, they leave optimistic. They know they of working are winners,” said Johnson. What does Johnson hope to see in the for you. future as he leaves behind the program he helped revive? TDACBD “I would like to see the dive program con- TDR-A tinue to grow with more inmates taking part and participating. We are always in need of and welding materials.” Even as he gets close to saying goodbye, Johnson is always looking out for his stu- dents. As for Johnson himself, he is looking forward to retirement.

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794713_Shark.indd 1 www.adc-int.org2/15/16 1:17716298_Novatec.indd • www.underwatermagazine.comPM 1 UNDERWATER10/15/14 15 1:46 PM Marine Technology Training Center (CALPIA) By Aaron Lay

f the old saying, “There are no second chances in life” were true, more than just a few of us would be in a world of trouble. We can all think of a time when we were given another opportunity to prove ourselves. Another chance to get it right.

The inmates taking part in the Marine Technology assets. A gruesome way to learn.” Pattillo explains that that Training Center (MTTC) at the California Institution for harrowing event had a profound effect on Greenstone. “That Men in Chino, California know this all too well. The MTTC experience led him to the philosophy that he continued to is an 11-18 month program that offers offenders an opportu- have until he died: that people who make mistakes earlier Inity to gain hands-on experience in commercial diving. The in life could overcome those issues if you just gave them program offers training in just about everything someone employment.” wanting to break into the industry needs—diving physics, It was this philosophy that ultimately led to the MTTC physiology, dive medicine, proper tool handling, blueprint being founded, and Greenstone proved to be right. “He reading, navigation, report writing, air systems, welding and had the idea that if you taught inmates deep sea diving, cutting, seamanship, rigging and marine construction… they would never come back to prison. And so far, that’s the curriculum content goes on and on. MTTC certifica- been pretty much true. Very, very rarely do folks come back tions are fully accredited and meet the standards required after this program.” Graduates of the program consistently by the U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Labor and ADCI. maintain a recidivism rate of seven percent. Compared with The late Leonard Greenstone founded the program the overall national rate of 76.6%, the folks at CALPIA have in 1970. Greenstone was an ex Navy salvage diver and certainly been doing something right. Prison Industry Board Member. According to Chuck Yet, despite this success rate, budget restrictions caused Pattillo, General Manager of the California Prison Industry the closure of the program in 2003. It was around this time Authority (CALPIA), Greenstone’s affinity for diving came that Pattillo met Greenstone for the first time. “The first after he played an integral part in the response to one of time I met him, he began telling me that before he dies, our nation’s greatest tragedies. he wanted to see the program restarted, and he was really Greenstone was stationed in Pearl Harbor on December committed to the idea. At the time, he was 79-80 years old, 7, 1941. “He was just 18 or 19 years old that day,” Pattillo and his wife had just died the month before, on the day recalls. “Leonard trained as a diver immediately after the after their sixtieth wedding anniversary. So me, him and attack. He was working another job, and they pulled him in a bunch of his long-time friends from the industry started within hours to help salvage the wreckage and he learned brainstorming how to put it back together, and we used a how to dive doing recovery operations of bodies and other section of the penal code that Mr. Greenstone specifically

16 UNDERWATER NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2016 www.adc-int.org • www.underwatermagazine.com UNDERWATER 17 Miller Diving Lift Harness & ExtractionEasy Bridle

knew about. It basically stated that if there was a program that had ceased operating, the California Prison Industry Authority could basically run the program themselves. So, we figured out a way to get the assets, and everyone worked to get the program restarted. We took about a year to get it going again, and we reopened in 2006 and dedicated it to him before he passed away. It was obviously really important to us that he was acknowledged for his contribution.” Part of the reason the program is so successful is its design. It’s structured to ensure that everyone who finishes gets a job after his release. In addition to the concrete skills needed on the job, the training also focuses on establishing a profound sense of courage and determination—attributes necessary to any personal venture, especially for those who have been incarcerated. The program has been for male inmates only since its incep- tion. Pattillo notes that, “We just don’t have the location with a workforce of females that would allow us to operate the program effectively. We have so many other really successful apprentice- ship programs [for women] that are trade union associated like carpentry, coding and Autodesk cad to name a few. In terms of challenges the program faces, there are fortunately very few. “Luckily, the funding is locked in since the legislature dedicated money to the Department of Corrections to ensure we continue to run things like this. The only other thing that challenges us now is that we don’t have a lot of inmates that qualify for the program because with California’s population being reduced, we don’t have a lot of minimum-security inmates. Every one of these guys in the program is a badass, but he’s a badass who’s not a security risk. We’re challenged with filling the population with the right inmate.” The program is so rigorous that more than half the students who enroll don’t make it through the required 2,040 training hours, Extraction made which certifies them as both divers and welders. And the training is Easy so thorough and the instructors so committed and skilled that it’s no When using the Miller Diving Easy Lift harness and Extraction issue whatsoever when some inmates enroll without even knowing Bridle ’s neck and body are supported by the three bridle straps, seat webbing and helmet net. how to swim. Yes, you read the correctly. Contact your local authorized Miller Diving Dealer | www.millerdiving.com Pattillo admits, “The training is really intense, and some of these © MMXVI Miller Diving Equipment All rights reserved. guys come into the program not knowing how to swim, but our instructors are so good that they teach them to swim first. That’s really

813948_Miller.indd18 UNDERWATER 1 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2016 06/06/16 9:46 pm • Hire your next crew here! Our graduates are ready to work! • ACDE/ANSI Commercial Dive Certifi cation • DCBC Unrestricted Certifi cation • NDT Inspection, Rigging and Most of them have families, and Hazwoper Certifi cations the look in their eyes when they • KMDSI Hat Certifi cation know they’re going to get out and be able to legally support their families is just amazing. impressive if you think about it and says a lot about our instructors and the guys in this program.” He adds, “I’ve never seen inmates respond so well to instructors and pay them this much respect in my entire life. Even when I was in the military. I’ve never seen someone get this much respect. It’s really something else.” 702949_Divers.indd 1 7/23/14 4:53 AM Pattillo is speaking about Fred Johnson and Jeff Powers. Johnson, Navy Approved! who, by the time this issue goes to press will be retired after enter- ing the program in 2006, has been an extraordinary asset. Read Hydraulic Hull & Prop Cleaning Tool about Johnson’s extraordinary career on page 12. Powers is a Navy Accepts the following: reserve master chief and does training for the Navy’s underwater • 10” or 12” diameter UW cleaning brushes submarine recovery operations. Pattillo notes that Johnson and • 9” 3M marine cleaning disc Powers’ experience and effectiveness aren’t the only reasons they’re • 6” barnacle cutter enormous strengths to the program. “The benefit of having Johnson • Auto Vortex suction • 0-1200+ RPM and Powers there and all of their industry contacts is that they • 5 gpm @ 1700 psi AS-18HB act as in-house job service. They’ve got a standing order for guys coming out of that school, and contractors know that [Johnson Underwater Cleaning Brushes and Powers] are not going to let anyone out of the program that Barnacle Cutters for Paint Safe Cleaning they wouldn’t put their names on.” 3M Marine Cleaning Disc When Pattillo is asked to sum up the experience of being a part AS-T12 HBPP Twin Hull & Prop Polisher of this program, he doesn’t hesitate to offer a response. Accepts the following: “It’s the look in their eyes. When you’re a father like me, their • (2) 12” diameter UW cleaning brushes situation hits you even more. Most of them have families, and the • (2) 9” 3M marine cleaning discs look in their eyes when they know they’re going to get out and • Auto Vortex suction be able to legally support their families is just amazing. It’s real • 0-1200+ RPM hope for them. Finally. Even the single guys who come in here • Deadman switch and don’t have kids, that feeling of hope they get when they know • 8 to 10 gpm @ 1500 to 1700 psi they’re going to go out and do great things and see the world, that alone has been worth the investment in this for me. I take into Armada Systems Inc. Buy Direct consideration Mr. Greenstone’s and my own life: if it hadn’t been We Ship 850-664-5197 850-243-4009 and Save! Worldwide! for the opportunities we either created ourselves or were given, [email protected] we wouldn’t be where we are today. And that’s what these guys are getting. Opportunity.” www.armadahull.com

www.adc-int.org www.underwatermagazine.com UNDERWATER 721595_Armada.indd 1 • 2016-03-0819 6:02 AM 20 UNDERWATER I NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2016 Contaminated Water Diving Keeping divers and companies safe. ontaminated water diving, it carries all the associated with commercial diving, plus the risks of raw sewage, hypodermic needles, radiation, chemical exposure, poor visibility, precarious working conditions and cumbersome equipment. It’s diving in water tainted by biological, chemical or radioactive waste. It’s diving in what you wouldn’t want to get on you. It’s diving you have to put more thought into. And though it’s some of the least desirable commercial diving work, it’s becoming more and more commonplace.

C“I mean the joke is, it seems like you don’t want to get on the diver or the crew “I often meet with potential clients that never dive in water anymore, it’s always and using the right equipment for that job.” simply do not know the difference between water with something in it,” says Tom Contaminated water diving jobs, or a SCUBA diver and a well trained and Eason, who founded Eason Diving & Marine , frequently involves diving equipped commercial diver,” says Bryan Contractors, Inc. in Charleston, S.C. in 1976. in chemical plants, nuclear power facilities, Nicholls, President and Chief Operating There’s a hint of truth to every joke, and paper pulp mills, sewage treatment plants, Officer of U.S. Underwater Services, LLC. Eason’s seen the increase in contaminated agricultural run-off sites and even meat pro- “Further to this point, I often find that water dives, with his divers changing out cessing plants. These jobs are also conducted they are unaware of the federal minimum valves in the ash ponds around coal-fired in places where the water may not be safe standards for commercial diving opera- power plants, “that’s real contaminated,” because of extreme PH levels, or in areas of tions, let alone ‘best industry practices’ he says, or cleaning up oil spills with diver- severe urban flooding, where the contents such as the ADCI Consensus Standards. directed dredging, “the diver’s in the oil, of the water are unknown. In these cases, they may unknowing hire so to speak.” Typical tasks include inspection, main- ‘Chuck in a truck’ to conduct work that is Citing another scenario, Eason says, tenance and repair work on valves, sluice well outside of that contractor’s realm of “We’ve worked an awful lot of marina fires gates, bulkheads, pipelines and equipment, expertise, manning and equipment levels, where there’s been a huge fire and many, sludge and debris removal, and the recovery and even insurance coverages. This, in many, maybe dozens of boats have sunk, so of miscellaneous objects, including bodies, turn, puts personnel at greater risk and you’ve got all these chemicals in the water all submerged in contaminated water. increases the potential liabilities of the from the fire department, you’ve got some The big story in contaminated water end-user.” fuel still in the water, and yet you have to get diving today remains the same. Like many Eason has heard of stories that could in the water and get straps around things conversations in diving, it centers on the serve as lessons too, a recreational SCUBA to clean the mess up, and you don’t want to need to educate clients so they hire the diver who went into water with a real bad be in that water and have any skin exposed guys that are doing things right, legitimate PH and came out with a real bad rash. to these chemicals and fuels that are in the diving companies, ADCI members, who “That happens because people will take water … ” The arc of this story leads Eason know the perils before any problems occur, on a job and they don’t have the money to to sum up the whole idea behind contami- because too many people who don’t have buy the right equipment to do the job, so nated water diving: “It’s recognizing that the proper training or equipment are doing they just try to do it with whatever they there’s something in the water that you really this work and they’re getting hurt. have, a wet suit,” Eason says.

www.adc-int.org • www.underwatermagazine.com UNDERWATER 21 water diving would be the preparation prior to the job, prior to putting the diver in the water. “When you plan one of these jobs, you need to take into account all of the potential , including thermal hazards, includ- ing airborne hazards to topside personnel, splash hazards to topside personnel. How are we protecting them as well as the diver? How are we decontaminating the diver when we’re done?” he asks. Preaching to the choir, as it may be, these diving contractors will continue to preach preparation, training and equipment so that the choir will spread the message to the masses, reach those that may be inclined to call up their local SCUBA shop or fire department and show them the light, teach them why diver safety is imperative and why they need to hire ADCI-certified contrac- tors, to keep divers from coming into contact with contaminants. “Aside from formalized commercial diver training, our divers undergo addi- tional OSHA training in Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (or HAZWOPER), Hazardous Communications (HAZCOM), and the OSHA 10 Construction course,” Nicholls writes in an email. “We also provide additional in-house training on everything from safe diving operations, decontamination and emergency procedures, to blood borne pathogens. Our divers are also vaccinated for Hepatitis and Tetanus for Hazmat work that involves biological con- tamination (i.e. raw sewage or animal waste).” Potential clients and any eager divers look- ing to pick up subcontracted work need to know that while tasks performed in contami- nated water diving may be the same as other commercial diving tasks, the conditions are not. Standard commercial diver dress and per- sonal protective equipment (PPE) will not suf- fice. From the helmet to the , quite a bit more planning goes into hazmat diving. Craig Fortenbery, president of the ADCI to make sure we are doing our part to be “For most contaminated diving, the most and Chief Executive Officer of Mainstream approaching these types of jobs in a profes- common type of suits are vulcanized rubber Commercial Divers, Inc., knows of cities that sional manner, make sure that our person- suits, and for seriously contaminated div- have hired SCUBA divers to work in sewage nel do have the required training, the right ing, those suits mate to the helmet and they pipes in wet suits. “It’s just completely inap- equipment and so forth,” he says. “Then we mate to gloves and they completely encap- propriate,” he says. need to sell the client on why that’s impor- sulate the diver, and the helmet has what’s Fortenbery acknowledges that saying tant and why it reduces their liability, why it called a series exhaust, so it has multiple this to ADCI members is like preaching makes for a much safer operation, how and exhaust valves to eliminate water seepage to the choir, but he cannot express enough why we are protecting the employees from into the helmet. Some people, for really, the importance of client education and the contaminants involved and why we’re really contaminated diving, also use what’s preparation for the job. “The main thing doing it safely.” called an air hat, which is a positive is everybody needs to continue to work on The second point Fortenbery cannot free flow hat rather than a demand regula- client education and we as an industry need stress enough when it comes to contaminated tor, although either one, if it’s configured

22 UNDERWATER NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2016 right, is adequate, but once again, it comes gear from him if it’s serious contamination, “Regarding any project that puts person- down to what level of protection is needed,” so you often have a zoned decontamination nel at risk, it is always in the best interest Fortenbery says. “Also, the major suit manu- and the diver has to work his way through of all project stakeholders to communicate facturers, such as Viking, that make vulca- that to get his gear off of him so he’s not with one another and attempt to mitigate nized suits have done tests on contaminated from what’s on his suit and risk wherever it can be found,” Nicholls says. their fabric and on the seams of their suits. on his helmet when he comes out, so again, “Oftentimes, a client or site rep knows far That needs to be reviewed depending upon that can pose issues that have to be taken more about their own facilities and surround- what type of chemical you’re getting into, into account when you’re preparing and ings than a visiting contractor would, so they if it’s a chemical contamination. There are planning for these dives.” can provide valuable insight to the job plan- some chemicals that have very quick perme- Every job site must be vetted to identify ning process. Communication amongst all ation times, even with the best suits that are hazards specific to that job before com- parties also ensures that each person knows out there, so there are some situations that mencing diving operations and a thorough their specific roles and responsibilities, as can be very difficult to safely dive in just Job Analysis (JHA) will help lay the well as what to do in case of an emergency.” because the suit won’t hold up. Those are groundwork for a safe and successful dive. ADCI member contractors may only things the diving contractor has to inves- “The ADCI Consensus Standards provides make up a portion of the commercial diving tigate, if they’re going into something that a great place to start regarding not only gen- industry, but ADCI members are vetted and they’re unfamiliar with.” eral diving operations, but also guidelines audited by commercial diving subject matter Topside personnel must also be protected regarding JHAs, proper manning levels, experts, Nicholls explains, so they are held from contaminants while tending to diving equipment selection and decontamination to a higher standard regarding compliance operations. Depending on the job and level procedures,” Nicholls says. to federal regulations and internationally of contamination, this could include PPE When it comes to contaminated water recognized best industry practices. such as face shields, Tyvek suits, chemical dives, companies have to hire contractors “With the right planning, equipment and resistant gloves and over boots. Diving con- who know what they’re getting into, con- attention to safety, hazmat diving can be as tractors must also consider air quality for tractors who understand the gravity of the rewarding as any other type of commercial topside tenders, as inhalation hazards can be risks, the regulations and the requirements, diving work,” Nicholls says. “The important quite common on contamination job sites. above and below the water. thing is that we all go home safely at the end “Proper manning levels are also a sig- Communication between client and con- of each day and that we do not compromise nificant contributor to conducting a safe tractor is also key. on the steps that will get us there.” and successful hazmat diving operation,” Nicholls says. “Oftentimes, we will add a Diver Medical Technician (DMT) to the team, in the event that there is an incident related to contamination, or other diving related injuries.” Diving in biological contaminants, there’s the obvious risk of infectious dis- eases. Diving in chemical contaminants, there’s the risk of carcinogens. Even when the water’s clear, contaminants might be hid- ing in the sediment. High can pose a serious risk too, diving in places like paper mills where the water can rise to 120 degrees. Divers may have to wear more uncomfortable equipment and work in a confined space, all the while worrying about heat stroke. “Oftentimes, we’re working in high tem- perature water, so there’s a lot of heat stress involved, so we have a special chiller suit to keep the diver cool in these situations and so forth, but it’s very important that the diver be monitored closely, and when the diver comes out, if the ambient temperature out- side is very hot, that’s a problem too, because you can’t immediately take the equipment off,” Fortenbery says. “The diver now has to be decontaminated before you remove the

www.adc-int.org www.underwatermagazine.com UNDERWATER 656369_Nuvair.indd 1 • 28/08/13 23 12:07 AM A Slice of Diving History “The more things change, the more they stay the same.” Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Karr

arr was a famous French 19th century journalist, who penned the above epigram in 1849. This letter, written by Commander G.A. Converse to Lieutenant Commander Uriel Sebree, affirms how many divers, both military and commercial, can be slow to Kembrace change.

24 UNDERWATER NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2016 The letter offers some insight into the advent of voice com- munications between the diver and topside, and the feeling that it would not be welcomed because it would just add another line in the water and increase the chances of the diver getting fouled. The author also cites that the present form of communication (line-pull signals) is more than adequate and that the divers would not want to be bothered with directions from topside personnel who don’t know the details of a job that they can’t see firsthand. Of course, by today’s standards this is unheard of. However, we still see vestiges of resistance to change with the introduction of equipment improvements. Also, take note of the lines-pull signals and how much they evolved from the 1890’s to the current U.S. Navy line-pull signals. From the cost of the diving gear to the mention of the development of a handbook on diving, the letter offers the reader a real slice of diving history. Enjoy the letter and its historical perspective on diving. More information on both the Commander and Lieutenant Commander can be obtained through a simple web search. Special thanks to Robert Cembrola and the Naval Historical Collection at the Naval War College and to Dr. Sally Bauer, President and Co-Founder of the History of Diving Museum. I want to also thank Bill Crowley, ADCI Past President and Tom Galloway for their insight.

Phil Newsum Executive Director, ADCI

A copy of the letter can be viewed on the Underwater Magazine website at underwatermagazine.com

www.adc-int.org • www.underwatermagazine.com UNDERWATER 25 Underwater Intervention 2017 February 21 - 23, 2017 Morial Convention Center Hall B1 New Orleans, LA UI www.underwaterintervention.com

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o in its th ear nerater Intervention is ointl one b the Association of Diving Contractors International ADCI an the O Coittee of the arine Technolog ociet The sho attracts thousans of coercial ivers contractors engineers an safet rofessionals ho converge on e Orleans for a fe as of echanging ieas eonstrating ne technolog an sulies an generating attention for a highl recise an soughtafter line of or that is integral to an ifferent inustries ATTEND EXHIBIT UNDERWATER AT UNDERWATER INTERVENTION 2017 INTERVENTION 2017 Join your peers at THE industry Showcase your products and event of the year. services to top decision-makers etor ith leaers in the unerater inustr in the underwater industry! fro aroun the orl ta utoate on that latest inustr inforation strategies an technologies through nuerous eucation trac sessions an a assive ehibit hall ee the latest an greatest roucts an services for the unerater inustr Exhibit space is quickly running out, so don’t delay! Contact Your UI Show Management Team You don’t want to miss this! at (703) 259-6118 or [email protected], Registration information is on our website at or visit www.underwaterintervention.com www.underwaterintervention.com/attendees for more information. A Can’t Miss Industry Event nderwater Intervention 2017 is the preeminent event for the commercial diving and underwater ROV industry. Taking place at the Morial Convention Center in New Orleans, Louisiana, from February 21-23, U.I. 17 brings together the entire industry for three days of industry education, networking and evaluation of the latest and greatest products and services.

U.I. 17 is jointly owned by the Association of Diving describe novel methodologies and technologies but will spe- Contractors International and the ROV Committee of the cifically focus on solving customer problems in today’s cost- Marine Technology Society. Until the early 1990’s, these two conscious environment. non-profit, professional organizations hosted separate confer- U.I. is a platform for all contractors, manufacturers, engi- Uences – ROV Intervention and the Diving Symposium. The neers, clients, and all other industry stakeholders (both inland increased common ground between the commercial diving and offshore) to showcase their accomplishments, challenging and ROV (remotely operated vehicles) industries created an projects, lessons learned, new gear, or innovative approaches atmosphere ripe for a merger of the two conferences. to operations that address common customer issues in either So, in 1993, the first Underwater Intervention was hosted the commercial diving or ROV track. in San Diego, California. Now, 22 years later, Underwater Intervention has grown to encompass more industries in addi- ADCI Commercial Diving Hall of Fame tion to Commercial Diving and Remotely Operated Vehicles. Inductees for the ADCI Commercial Diving Hall of Now including Manned Submersibles, Instruments and Fame will be honored and recognized at the Awards Dinner Sensors, Sonar and Acoustics, Ocean Engineering, Marine at Underwater Intervention 2017. These awards recognize Salvage and Shipwrecks, AUV and UUV Technology, U.I 17 individuals whose efforts and accomplishments have signifi- has something for everyone. If you work in any of these seg- cantly contributed to commercial diving through a lifetime ments of the industry, or offer goods and services to any of of dedication. these, this is your conference. Attendees will have access to Nominees do not have to be commercial divers, but can be the top equipment providers in the industry, to unparalleled any individual who has been influential and who has made educational opportunities and networking events with peers a significant and recognizable life-long contribution to the all across the globe. commercial diving community. Underwater Intervention 2017 will be attended by lead- ers and decision makers from the entire industry, including ADCI Scholarship Program underwater operations services and equipment suppliers, ocean Also recognized at the Underwater Intervention 2017 Awards engineering and construction companies, commercial diving Dinner will be the recipients of the ADCI Scholarship. This year, and ROV contractors, underwater operations consultants, and ADCI will award two scholarships for $4,000 each. This ADCI engineers, project managers and purchasing agents. Scholarship is open to members of the community of all ADCI U.I. 2017 is developing a compelling educational agenda voting member companies who are current and in good standing with presentations spanning the industry including: with ADCI, with the exception of officers and/or directors of Commercial Diving, Remotely Operated Vehicles, Manned the ADCI Board of Directors or their immediate families. This Submersibles, Instruments and Sensors, Sonar and Acoustics, award is available for any institution of higher learning after Ocean Engineering, Marine Salvage and Shipwrecks, AUV, high school including universities, colleges, junior colleges, ASV and UUV Technology. These presentations will not only vocational training schools and trade schools.

Go to the Underwater Intervention website at www.underwaterintervention.com for more information, conference details and to register for U.I. 17. Early registration discounts and society member discounts will be available.

www.adc-int.org • www.underwatermagazine.com UNDERWATER 27 Offshore Comm ercial Diving Pictorial

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