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Palaemonidae 967

Macrobrachium equidens (Dana, 1852)

En -Roughriverprawn;Fr - Bouqet chagrin; Sp - Camarón lija. Maximum total length 9.8 cm (males usually larger). Inhabits lower parts of streams, river mouths, estuaries, and brackish waters of high salinity; rarely found in pure fresh water but often in sea water (near river mouths) to a depth of at least 30 m. Reproduce in brackish and sea water, larvae have about 11 stages and transform into postlarvae in 43 days. A common in the area but nowhere abundant. Similarly to other small to medium-sized species of the , it is frequently found in mixed catches of fresh-water . Since this also occurs in pure sea water, it is often caught incidentally in penaeid fisheries. Marketed mainly live or fresh, generally sold at low prices and consumed locally. Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific from eastern Africa to the Ryukyu Islands, New Caledonia, and Solomon Islands, also introduced to Nigeria.

antennal spine hepatic spine

1

3 4 5 2 (after Holthuis and Miguel, 1984)

Macrobrachium lar (Fabricius, 1798)

En - Monkey river prawn; Fr - Bouqet singe; Sp - Camarón mono. Maximum total length 18.1 cm (males usually much larger). Adults occur in fresh water, mainly in upper and middle parts of rivers; able to endure short time of desiccation and occasionally observed to crawl on land during heavy rainfall. Migrate to the river mouth or estuary for reproduction, with juvenile stages in brackish and sometimes also in salt water. Fished throughout its range. Caught by traps and artisanal gear. A large species, but nowhere very abundant and marketed mainly locally, live or fresh. In the Philippines, this shrimp is not always available in the fish markets, sold at about half the price of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture experiments have been carried out by many countries but were so far unsuccessful, due to the very long larval stage in this species (at least 100 days). Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, from eastern Africa to Ryukyu Islands and the Marquesas Islands; probably not indigenous (i.e. introduced) in Hawaii.

antennal spine hepatic spine

5 3 1 4

2

(after Holthuis, 1993) 968 Shrimps and Prawns

Macrobrachium mirabile (Kemp, 1917)

En - Shortleg river prawn; Fr - Bouqet tipattes; Sp - Camarón patojo. Maximum total length 6 cm (females) and 4 cm (males). Inhabits fresh and brackish water. Similarly to the other small species of the genus, its fishery in the area is unclear, probably caught incidentally with other fresh-water shrimps and used as food whenever available. Indo-West Pacific, and recorded from eastern India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, and Borneo. antennal spine hepatic spine rostral crest

2 1

3 4 5

(after Kemp, 1917)

Nematopalaemon tenuipes (Henderson, 1893)

En - Spider prawn; Fr - Bouqet araignée; Sp - Camarón araña. Maximum total length 8 cm. Inhabits shallow coastal waters to depths of about 20 m, and also found in estuarine and brackish waters. Abundance of this species in the area is unclear, but it has been reported to be used as food in the Philippines. Marketed dried or salted for local consumption. Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific from eastern Africa to Taiwan Province of China and the Philippines, probably also from New Zealand.

1

2

3 5 4 Palaemonidae/ 969

Palaemon concinnus Dana, 1852

En - Mangrove prawn; Fr - Bouqet mangrove; Sp - Camarón de manglar. Maximum total length 7 cm (females), smallest egg-bearing females 4.9 cm. Restricted to brackish water in the lower part of rivers, rarely found in pure fresh or sea water. In Viet Nam, this shrimp forms a bycatch of fisheries for Macrobrachium species and is offered for sale in local markets. Probably also used as food in the Philippines. Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, from eastern Africa to Taiwan Province of China and Polynesia. unarmed antennal spine

1 branchiostegal spine

3

2 4 5 (after Ngugên, 1992)

Palaemonidae/Pandalidae PANDALIDAE

Heterocarpus hayashii Crosnier, 1988

En - Japanese nylon shrimp. Maximum body length about 11 cm (females larger), commonly between 6 and 10 cm. Found on bottoms of sand and mud, at depths from 150 to 625 m, usually around 200 m, or deeper. So far not fished commercially but sometimes caught in large quantities on the basis of exploratory deep-water trawling. The moderate size of this shrimp and the fact it is found in not very deep water suggests that it may have commercial potential with the development of a deep-sea fishery in the area. Western Pacific, reported from Japan, Taiwan Province of China, the Philippines, Australia, New Caledonia, Chesterfield Islands, and Hawaii. Often confused with ensifer A.Milne Edwards, 1881, H. parvispina,andH. sibogae. shorter than spine low ridge of 3rd somite

III II IV

(adapted from Chace, 1985)) 970 Shrimps and Prawns

Heterocarpus parvispina De Man, 1917

En - Short-spined nylon shrimp. Maximum body length about 9 cm (females larger), commonly between 6 and 8 cm. Found on sandy-mud bottoms, at depths from 230 to 815 m, mostly less than 600 m. Not fished commercially at present. Occasionally caught in large quantities on the basis of exploratory deep-water trawling (more abundant from 350 m depth downward) and may have commercial potential with the development of deep-sea fisheries in the area. Western and southern Pacific from Taiwan Province of China to Indonesia, Australia, and French Polynesia. Often confused with Heterocarpus ensifer A. Milne Edwards, 1881, H. hayashii,andH. sibogae. not ridged

III II IV

very short

(adapted from Chace, 1985)

Heterocarpus sibogae De Man, 1917

En - Mino nylon shrimp; Fr - Crevette nylon mino; Sp - Camarón nailón mino. Maximum body length about 11 cm (females larger), commonly between 6 and 10 cm. Found on bottoms of sand and mud from depths of about 150 to 950 m. Although at present not commercially fished, it is the most common caridean shrimp caught during exploratory deep-water trawling operations in the area. Often caught in large quantities from moderate depths (about 200 m downward) in the area (e.g. the Philippines, Indonesia, Australia, New Caledonia, Fiji, Vanuatu, Samoa, Tonga, French Polynesia, and probably also Palau) and therefore has a very high commer- cial potential. Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific from Madagascar to Japan and French Polynesia. Often confused with Heterocarpus ensifer A. Milne Edwards, 1881, H. hayashii,andH. parvispina.

II III

IV

as long as spine of 3rd somite

(adapted from Chace, 1984) Rhynchocinetidae 971

Rhynchocinetidae RHYNCHOCINETIDAE

Rhynchocinetes durbanensis Gordon, 1936

En - Striped hinge-beak shrimp. Body length around 3 to 4 cm. Shallow marine reef areas. Gregarious and usually hiding under rocks and caves, also active during the daytime (afternoon); no fish cleaning behavior reported. Probably the most common shrimp in the area seen in the marine aquarium trade (with live specimens originating from Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and Indonesia), where it is regularly offered for sale. Very popular for its attractive coloration and as it easily adapts to captivity; sold at inexpensive prices. Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific from the eastern coast of South Africa to the Ryukyu Islands and Indonesia. Previously often confused with uritai Kubo, 1942.

rostrum movable

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