POLITECNICO DI MILANO

Master in

Building Information Modelling

Adoption of BIM for the extension project of the M5 metro line, 3D and 4D modeling of the "Parco-Villa Reale" Station in Monza

Supervisor: Author: Prof. Cecilia Bolognesi, tutor in company : Ing. Donato Antonio Saggese (MM S.p.a) Francesco Mauti

a.a. 2019/2020 Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

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Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ ii European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. Cecilia Bolognesi and Tutor in the company MM S.p.A Donato Antonio Saggese for their consistent support and guidance during the running of this project, Furthermore I would like to thank the rest of the BIM A+ organization team for their collaborative effort this first edition of this Master. I would also like to acknowledge the EACEA for the Erasmus+ funding of my scholarship and the Academic institutions involved in this programme, in addition to “Politecnico di Milano”, “University of Ljubljana” and “University of Minho” for their participation.

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ iii Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

STATEMENT OF INTEGRITY

I hereby declare having conducted this academic work with integrity. I confirm that I have not used plagiarism or any form of undue use of information or falsification of results along the process leading to its elaboration.

I further declare that I have fully acknowledged the Code of ethics and conduct of Politecnico di Milano.

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ iv European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

SOMMARIO

L'obiettivo della tesi è quello di affrontare il tema del design 3D e 4D e della modellazione in BIM di una nuova stazione della metropolitana di Milano, in collaborazione con "Milano Metropolitana s.p.a". La nuova stazione, attualmente in fase di progettazione di fattibilità, si trova a Monza (a nord dell'area milanese) e fa parte di un'estensione della metropolitana M5 (lilla). Il progetto consiste nella progettazione e modellazione dei dati forniti dall'azienda, in un ambiente BIM che considera alla stazione le uscite e i manufatti accessori.

Il lavoro è strutturato in capitoli, dove il flusso di lavoro viene ripercorso e illustrato da una spiegazione tecnica più dettagliata del progetto, del contesto della città in cui viene inserito. Allo stesso modo, viene fornito anche un breve quadro normativo sul BIM a livello di legislazione internazionale e in Italia, in relazione al processo di costruzione e al regolamento sugli appalti. nei capitoli seguenti, il piano applicativo del BIM per il case study viene discusso in modo più dettagliato, illustrando gli standard, gli strumenti e i processi utilizzati per gli usi BIM selezionati. L'ultimo capitolo è dedicato alle conclusioni e ai risultati ottenuti nel lavoro, tra cui limitazioni riscontrate e possibili miglioramenti che potrebbero essere messi in atto durante il flusso di lavoro.

Parole chiave: BIM, COSTRUZIONE, METRO, PROGETTAZIONE, PIANIFICAZIONE

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ v Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

ABSTRACT

The aim of the thesis is to address the theme of 3D and 4D design and BIM modelling of a new Milan metro station, in collaboration with "Milan Metropolitana S.p.A". The new station, currently under feasibility design stage, is in Monza (a northern area of Milan) and is part of an extension of the M5 (purple line) metro. The project consists of the design and modelling of the real data provided by the company, in a BIM environment that considers the station the accesses and the accessory artifacts.

The work is structured into chapters, where the workflow is retraced and illustrated by a more detailed technical explanation of the project, the context of the city in which it is inserted. Similarly, a short regulatory framework on BIM is also provided at international law level and in Italy, in relation to the construction process and procurement regulation. In the following chapters, the BIM application plan for the case study is discussed in more detail, illustrating the standards, tools, and processes used for the selected BIM uses. The last chapters are dedicated to the conclusions and results obtained in the work, including limitations found and possible improvements that could be put in place during the workflow.

Keywords: BIM, CONSTRUCTION, METRO, PROJECT, PLANNING

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ vi European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 11

2. M5 METRO LINE EXTENSION PROJECT IN MONZA ...... 14 2.1. GENERAL FEATURES OF THE EXTENSION PROJECT ...... 14 2.1.1. Technical features ...... 15 2.1.2. the context of Monza and the park ...... 16 2.2. THE FEASIBILITY PROJECT FOR THE NEW STATION OF “PARCO VILLA REALE” 20 2.3. CONSTRUCTIVE METHODS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LINE ...... 21

3. IMPLEMENTATION OF BIM IN THE PROJECT ...... 28 3.1. BIM SITUATION IN ITALY ABOUT PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 28 3.2. THE LEGISLATIVE STATUS OF BIM IN ITALY...... 29 3.3. BIM PROJECT EXECUTIVE PLAN, AN EXCERPT ...... 33 3.4. BIM MISSION AND GOALS (GENERAL AND CASE STUDY SPECIFIC) ...... 34 3.5. CASE STUDY GOALS ...... 35 3.6. BIM PROJECT STANDARDS...... 36 3.7. TOOLS USED...... 38 3.8. BIM USES...... 39 3.9. BIM USES IMPLEMENTED IN THE CASE STUDY PROJECT ...... 40 3.9.1. Design Authoring ...... 40 3.9.2. Phase Planning (4D Modeling) ...... 49

4. CONCLUSIONS ...... 55

REFERENCES ...... 57

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...... 59

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ vii Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

LIST OF FIGURES

Charts, figures, sketches, schemes, charts, maps, and other types of figures that are included in the text

Figure 1 – Corography of the line ...... 15 Figure 2 – Google Maps localization of Monza in the Milan Province ...... 16 Figure 3 – Aerial view, Monza and the Park ...... 17 Figure 4 – the track and the construction scenery, north section ...... 18 Figure 5 – Plan of the Monza Park ...... 19 Figure 6 – Aerial view of the Villa and Gardens ...... 20 Figure 7 – Orthophoto with alternatives proposal for the M5 line station “Parco Villa Reale” ...... 21 Figure 8 – double-track line tunnel dug with mechanized shield ...... 22 Figure 9 – tunnel made with open-pit excavation ...... 22 Figure 10 – representative section "empty" and "full" transit of TBMs through the stations ...... 23 Figure 11 – Example macro-phases of excavation with the “Bottom-up” method ...... 24 Figure 12 – Example macro-phases of excavation with the “Top-down” method ...... 24 Figure 13 – Axonometric section view of the Typological station...... 25 Figure 14 – Axonometric section view of the Typological station – MEP systems Rooms ...... 25 Figure 15 – Axonometric section view of the Typological station – Vertical connections ...... 26 Figure 16 – inter-station artifacts...... 26 Figure 17 – Bridge over the A52, rendered model on google earth 3D view ...... 27 Figure 18 – Monthly trend, public tenders with BIM in Italy (2015 to 2019) OICE 2019 ...... 29 Figure 19 – Overview BIM International Voluntary Regulatory System and Digital Constructions .. 31 Figure 20 – Map of the international voluntary regulatory system with the release of ISO 19650 ...... 31 Figure 21 – Overview BIM lifecycle process ...... 37 Figure 22 – The BIM Model (Succar, 2018) ...... 41 Figure 23 – The MacLeamy curve, impact and cost and effort of design changes ...... 42 Figure 24 – Structural floor plan (roof) of the “Typological Station” of MM Design ...... 43 Figure 25 – Structural section plan of the “Typological Station” of MM Design ...... 43 Figure 26 – “Non geometrical” information included in the “Typological Station” of MM Design ... 44 Figure 27 – “Example of object standard naming systems applied, and classification information included ...... 44 Figure 28 – Section of the main body of the station ...... 45 Figure 29 – Longitudinal section of the Model ...... 46 Figure 30 – Axonometric view of the Model ...... 47 Figure 31 – site floor plan of the Station Site ...... 47 Figure 32 – Station Roof Floor plan ...... 48 Figure 33 – Visualization of the station exit on the Villa Reale Park ...... 48 Figure 34 – example of the model parameters included in the revit model ...... 52 Figure 35 – Gantt Chart schedule included in the 4D simulation ...... 52 Figure 36 – 3D Model imported in Navisworks with, timeline function and import of project file .... 53 Figure 37 – Table of quantities extracted from the Model ...... 53

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ viii European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ ix Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

LIST OF TABLES

Tables that are included in the text displayed chronologically

Table 1 – MM company general BIM Goals table for the M5 extension project ...... 35 Table 2 – MM coding used for Revit's loadable families ...... 37 Table 3 – MM coding used for Revit's system families ...... 38 Table 4 – MM coding of families for the category “Structure” ...... 38 Table 5 – Table of tools used for the project ...... 39 Table 6 – Design Authoring process Map ...... 41 Table 7 – Phase Planning process Map (4D Modeling) ...... 49 Table 8 – Project case study WBS tree structure ...... 50 Table 9 – Project case study WBS codification...... 51

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ x European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

1. INTRODUCTION

The new infrastructure project of the metro M5 extension (Bignami- Monza), which the company is developing for the first time entirely in BIM, consists in the construction of 13km of line, 11 stations almost entirely underground and one deposit. The main goals of this project are to extend the public transport service from Milano to Monza, empowering the connection of the City of Milan to its metropolitan area. Contribute also to limit the private transport in the area which is congested and help to improve the air quality, remembering that the area is one of the most polluted in Europe. Other goals of the new line are the connections with the railway mobility lines (urban and regional) and the realization of a new storage and workshop for all the line. Considering the context in which the new design is inserted, which is mainly densely urbanized, the goals set regarding the constructive methods are : the reduction of time and costs, to minimize the interference and clashes with the surface, the road occupation and the impact on the local transport, noise and dust. To do so, the technical solutions implemented are, for the gallery line, the excavation with the tunnel boring machine (TBM). For the station and other minor accessory structures, excavation top down for the stations and other minor constructions accessories for the line. The stations “main bodies” have also uniform architectural- structural features, adapted then for each case, to standardise as much as possible the design features and the construction site characteristics better described in the next chapters.

Given the premises, the adoption of Building Information Modelling methodology it is essential to fulfil the requirements and goals previously defined. In fact, having “a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. As such it serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its lifecycle from inception onward.” (NBIMS-US).

To implement and adopt BIM methodology for this project, the company has already defined its own standards, processes, and tools to achieve its “BIM goals”. The standards regard the naming structures, measures, object classification, level of information for each design stage BIM libraries and dedicated templates. Regarding the processes, for each goal is defined a flowchart that illustrates the operative’s phases, selecting responsible data and models of input – output. In this work the description of the BIM uses is limited to the ones which in the early stage of design process decided together with the Supervisor and coordinator in company to develop and are better illustrated in the next chapters below, with model illustrations and diagrams. The “uses” considered are based on the BIM project execution planning guide of the Pennsylvania State University and are “Design authoring”, “phase planning”, “3D visualization”.

The modelling process for all the new line is subdivided in works in with horizontal development (galleries, trenches) and works in vertical development (stations, accessory artefacts, safety exits, and deposit buildings). The infrastructure modelling is based on an extrusion of dynamic “section type”, linked with the track trough reference axes (railway track axes and iron plane), adapted then automatically to the digitalized topographic surface.

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European master’s in building information Modelling BIM A+ 11 Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

The work for the “vertical structures” is organized in a relatively similar way to a standard building, organized in three different models ( structural, functional-architectural , MEP) and developed in a linear and asynchronous way, coordinated until the project objectives are achieved. The objects have associated together with geometrical information, physical and technical properties used later for the dimensioning and the analyses (lightning, energy fluid dynamic, structural). Other information included in the models are the one related to the project management and quantity surveying, such as Work breakdown structure (WBS), price breakdown structure (PBS) of the construction elements.

Due to the complexity of the project, the different disciplines involved and short timing, the case study application in the thesis “project work” is based on a single station and its accessories exits and artefacts. The station considered is “Parco Villa Reale” in Monza, just nearby the Royal Villa. an historical building of the XVIII century, surrounded by the large city park, one of the biggest in Europe. The station is currently under feasibility design stage and different location and layout alternatives are being considered for this project. The work aim is to apply and understand the help BIM process can offer have to evaluate in a better way the impact of the construction in the context where is built, both from a landscape point of view but also for the construction logistic and interference with local transportation network, a crucial factor for this project and specified before as one of the major goal to achieve for the company and public bodies involved. In order to achieve this The BIM uses considered, as already described, are focused on the model authoring (at an LOD 300, LOIN, that includes), Construction phase planning, and Visual communication, while the elements modelled are mainly structural elements, vertical connectivity and exterior exits, considering the architectural finishing are to be designed as the complex MEP systems that will serve the building.

Overall, considering the high level knowledge obtained from the Master studies , quality of teaching but also quantity and complexity of the information , I think as a professional it let me step up, and gain first level competencies in the subject. Thanks to this I’m opened to new opportunities in the new era of information and digitalization that is investing the construction sector, and this work of master thesis consist in a practical application, with an innovative approach of some of the theory acquired during the lecture period spent in Portugal at University of Minho.

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ 12 European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

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Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European master’s in building information Modelling BIM A+ 13 Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

2. M5 METRO LINE EXTENSION PROJECT IN MONZA

The M5 metro line in Milan was conceived and planned in 1997-2001. The original idea was to serve underground with a high-tech mass public transport system (hence the introduction of the automatic driverless system in Milan) the important axis of penetration Zara – Fulvio Testi connecting it with the Directional Center of Milan, which led to the planning the first Garibaldi-Bignami route. Metro5 built the first route, starting work in June 2007 and finishing it in 2014. In March 2017, the feasibility study Extension of the M5 metro line from Bignami to Monza and from San Siro to "Seventh" always drawn up by MM was finally delivered. This study develops the extension to Monza, which is considered a priority. (Comune di Monza).

2.1. General features of the extension project

The 5 ("M5") metro is a subway with integral automation, that is, a system that preserves the fundamental characteristics of the classic subway but with standards of track, of train size, of automation systems that allow significant savings of construction and operation. The extension of the line from Bignami to Monza develops almost entirely underground within the municipalities of Milan, Sesto San Giovanni, Cinisello Balsamo and Monza. After the Bignami station, which forms the current north terminus of the line, the extension develops underground along Avenue F. Testi (Testi- Gorky stations, Rondinella-Crocetta), and reaches the Monza Bettola (Cinisello-Monza station) interchange junction with the M1 line. Then the line rises to the surface, overtakes the viaduct of the A52, where, north of the latter is provided the depot-workshop Monza Casignolo. Then the line goes back underground and includes 7 stations within the town of Monza (stations Campania, Marsala, Monza FS, Trento and Trieste, Park-Villa Reale, Hospital San Gerardo and finally Monza-Brianza).

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ 14 European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

Figure 1 – Corography of the line The length of the extension is about 13 km and includes 11 stations and a storage facility with a function of shelter and maintenance of rolling stock. Together with the 12.6 km of the line already in operation (between the San Siro and Bignami stations), comprising 19 stations, with this extension there is an overall development of the line of about 26 km and 30 stations.

The summary calculation of the expenditure provides for a total amount of the works, including security charges, equal to 851,445,000.00 euros. The overall economic framework of the project to carry out the project amounts to 1,250,000.00 euros, of which 63,800,000.00 euros for the rolling stock. The work is expected to last for five and a half years, with the assumption of using the TBMs and optimizing the overlapping activities; two TBMs would proceed simultaneously, one from the depot area to Monza to the north and one south from the Bettola node to the Bignami extraction well.

2.1.1. Technical features

In order to remove the least possible amount of space for the construction sites, the technology used for the construction of the line tunnel involves the use of two mechanized shields (TBMs) that travel the sections from the Cinisello-Monza station to Bignami and from the Monza Casignolo depot. therefore, the line is planned with a double-track tunnel, built via TBM. The cladding of the tunnels, put in place by the machine in the immediate vicinity of the front, consists of rings in prefabricated

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European master’s in building information Modelling BIM A+ 15 Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza cones in cls of internal diameter 9.00 m and about 35 cm thick. While for the stations to optimize the construction of the line, and consequently the costs of construction, it is planned to use a type of station artifact that can be repeated at different stops of the route. Of course, because the line crosses areas with a different degree of urbanization and its path develops at different altitudes, it is not possible to predict the same type of construction everywhere. Therefore, for most stations the same type of “open air” will be expected, while for stations with greater difficulty in inserting or specific features will be developed different projects, still adopting the methodology of the “open sky”. They do not fall under the typological configuration, and therefore have specific designed configurations, the Stations Cinisello-Monza, interchange with the M1 line, and Monza FS, also interchange with the railway station. Electrical substations are in station bodies. This is the case of the SSE "Testi-Gorky", "Matteotti", "Marsala", "Park-Villa Reale" and "Monza-Brianza", associated with the stations of the same name. In addition, there is an additional electrical substation planned in a dedicated building inside the depot.

2.1.2. the context of Monza and the park

Monza is the third city of Lombardy and with its province constitute an area north of Milan intensely populated, where today it is prevalent the use of private means of transport to travel to the city, with important consequences in terms of congestion and pollution.

Figure 2 – Google Maps localization of Monza in the Milan Province

The roadway of Monza, especially in the area of the old town and in the portion of the territory surrounding it, makes it unsuitable for the development of the surface TPL with good levels of efficiency and commercial speed for the smallness and depositing of most of the roads that compose it,

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ 16 European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza the rationalization of the public transport network and the choice of the extension of an underground mass public transport infrastructure as its backbone;

The benefits for the city are to be summarized in:

(a) to equip the City of Monza with a viable public transport alternative to Milan in competition with the car and complementary to the railway.

(b) to equip the City of Monza with an urban backbone in the public transport network as a south- north force director.

(c) increase the share of public transport on journeys to Monza, reducing the number of cars entering.

(d) recover bus journeys to extend and enhance the existing service, especially in terms of its capillarity and integration with rail and metro.

(Monza Municipality)

The station object of this thesis work, the “Parco Villa Reale” station, is located near the Villa Reale, in the Monza Municipality serving the Park and the National Racetrack, also home to the Italian Formula 1 Grand Prix.

Figure 3 – Aerial view, Monza and the Park

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European master’s in building information Modelling BIM A+ 17 Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

Figure 3 – Google Maps localization of the station, park, and city of Monza The Station is part of the north section of the Line extension, from the terminal “Monza Brianza” to station “Campania”, for a total of seven stations, while the line is all realized with the TBM technology excavation, the last trait that include the deposit it built with artificial gallery method.

Figure 4 – the track and the construction scenery, north section

The area where the station is localized is of high landscape sensitivity, it is in fact next to, the park of Monza, not to be confused with the gardens of the Royal Villa, were created in 1805 under French domination, at the behest of Viceroy Eugenio of Beauharnais. It was a matter of extending and expanding the existing gardens to the north, although these two huge green spaces were separated by a wall. Josephine Bonaparte, Napoleon’s wife, and Eugenio’s mother asked her son to make something imposing and much bigger than Versailles, and so it was. The park measures 700 hectares, with an external wall of 14 km, and inside there are numerous farmhouses, agricultural fields, mills as well as villas and other buildings with different functions such as the deer menagerie and the pheasant. One of the great creators of the park was the architect Luigi Canonica. (FAI, 2020)

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ 18 European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

Figure 5 – Plan of the Monza Park

Inside the park is located the XVIII century Villa Reale Monza Palace, it was the summer residence desired by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria for her son Ferdinand of Habsburg, governor of Austrian Lombardy since 1771.Monza was chosen for its strategic location on the Milan-Vienna route of communication and for the beauty of the Brianzolo territory. The task was entrusted to the architect

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European master’s in building information Modelling BIM A+ 19 Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

Giuseppe Piermarini, who in just three years, from 1777 to 1780, completed this architectural masterpiece, inspired by the palace of Caserta of his master Vanvitelli.

The palace, first used by the Austrian royals and later became the Royal Palace with the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, retained its function until the Italian monarchy of the Savoy, the last royals to use it. The neoclassical building features a U-shaped plan with a large court of honors. Two side wings were attached to the central corps for the manor and guest rooms, as well as two sections perpendicular to the main, intended for servitude, stables, and tools.

The stylistic choice made for the exterior is linked to a strict essentiality, without too many frills, which is also found in the decoration of the interior. 700 rooms in total, on three levels. The Royal Villa complex includes other places of interest: The Royal Chapel, Serrone, The Roseto, Court Theatre, the Rotunda, and the Gardens (of small size compared to the park). The gardens are built along a virtual axis that connected the Villa to Milan.

Figure 6 – Aerial view of the Villa and Gardens

2.2. The feasibility project for the new station of “Parco Villa Reale”

The economic and technical feasibility project drawn up by MM S.p.A for the northern section of the extension of m5 metro line, identifies four different alternatives for the location of the “Villa Reale Station” (figure 6) : one located inside the park area ( main solution, in black ) and three alternatives along Viale Brianza (in red). The one studied as project work is the solution located at the road intersection between viale Brianza and the main axis of Viale Cesare Battisti, just in front of the “Villa”.

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ 20 European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

Figure 7 – Orthophoto with alternatives proposal for the M5 line station “Parco Villa Reale”

2.3. Constructive methods and characteristics of the line

In order to remove the least possible amount of space for the construction sites, the technology used for the construction of the line tunnel involves the use of two mechanized shields (TBMs) that travel the sections from the Cinisello-Monza station to Bignami and from the Monza Casignolo depot to the Monza terminal station. Regarding artefacts (technological artefacts, stations, or open-air tunnels) that interfere with important roadways, cover is anticipated, partially or entirely. Almost all the extension is therefore planned with a double-track tunnel, built via TBM. The cladding of the tunnels, put in place by the machine in the immediate vicinity of the front, consists of rings in prefabricated cones in cls of internal diameter 9.00 m and about 35 cm thick.

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European master’s in building information Modelling BIM A+ 21 Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

Figure 8 – double-track line tunnel dug with mechanized shield

Figure 9 – tunnel made with open-pit excavation

For the construction of the “vertical structures”, as cited in the introduction, In order to optimize the construction of the line, and consequently the costs of construction, it is planned to use a type of station artifact that can be repeated at different stops of the route. Of course, because the line crosses areas with a different degree of urbanization and its path develops at different altitudes, it is not possible to predict the same type of construction everywhere. Therefore, for most stations the same type of open-air type will be expected, while for stations that have more difficulties in inserting or specific features will be developed different projects, but always adopting the methodology of the open pit excavation. In all stations, a mezzanine is expected to be unattended and without commercial premises, except for the newsstand. There are automatic ticket emitters and, generally, toilets located

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ 22 European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza outside the line of turnstiles. Finally, all the stations have ascents to the surface whose position is dictated by the location and the user needs of the station itself.

The transit of the TBMs through stations can be constructed “empty method” or “full method”.

The “empty excavation” includes some works already carried out (at least the perimeter diaphragm and the base foundation slab), after the TBM transit, the internal structures are completed. The "full" method transit is with head bulkheads already made. In both cases, the circular part of the diaphragm bulkheads that are subjected to crossing the TBM is armed in resin glass.

Figure 10 – representative section "empty" and "full" transit of TBMs through the stations

As regards excavations for the construction of vertical artefacts, they are a crucial factor both for the containment of time and costs but also for the reduction of interference of various kinds on the neighbourhood. The two possible alternatives adopted in the project are the “bottom-up”, and the “Top-down” methods. The first is the most common and, the bottom up method, has as its advantages a well-established application tradition, open-air works and low costs and is used where there are no problems of construction. While the second method contributes to a considerable decrease in the impacts of construction on the city regarding the roadway accesses noise and dust.

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European master’s in building information Modelling BIM A+ 23 Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

Figure 11 – Example macro-phases of excavation with the “Bottom-up” method

Figure 12 – Example macro-phases of excavation with the “Top-down” method

The two different method, plus the previous one , constructed with the TBMs can be used in an alternated way even in the same station, to optimize cost times and impact in the city at the same time, and this will be analysed in the phase planning simulation done with the case study with the use of BIM tools.

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The station bodies as mentioned have architecturally and structurally uniform characteristics. The "type" station body has a 65x25m dig, 50m side platforms, separated from the laneway by glazed dock doors (required for safety reasons by the Automatic Train March). The iron plane is located about 18m below the campaign floor, and the functional plans are of three types: “Piano Banchine” (Docks), “Piano Intermedio” (Intermediate level), and “Piano Mezzanino” mezzanine.

Figure 13 – Axonometric section view of the Typological station

In the typological station are also indicated the technological premises, which include: the electric panels room for power and mechanical systems (cyan), tunnel and station ventilation chambers (blue), processing booths for station systems and conversion electrical substation (in red)

Figure 14 – Axonometric section view of the Typological station – MEP systems Rooms

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The vertical connection system consists of a mobile staircase directed to the mezzanine floor, 2 fixed stairs that, on the middle floor, flow into a group of stairs (2 escalator plus two fixed) that goes back to the mezzanine in addition to 1 connecting elevator (yellow).

Figure 15 – Axonometric section view of the Typological station – Vertical connections

Other technological elements of the line are the inter-station artefacts, with different functions of safety exit, access firefighters, air intake and possible tightening (every 900 meters tunnel must be provided an emergency exit)

Figure 16 – inter-station artifacts

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The additional facilities included in the project are the A52 road overhead bridge that leads to the deposit of the terminal “Monza Casignolo”, consisting of reinforced concrete slabs, 56-metre-long metal scaffolding, (box edge beams).

Figure 17 – Bridge over the A52, rendered model on google earth 3D view

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3. IMPLEMENTATION OF BIM IN THE PROJECT

The National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) defines BIM as, “a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. As such it serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its lifecycle from inception onward.”

The BIM methodology was adopted for the first time on an infrastructure project for the extension of the M5 line in Monza by the company MM S.p.a. By 2022 Milan Metropolitan City will have to be able to "design" or "control projects" in the BIM environment and have activated the project of digitizing existing paper documentation. While in the National legislation The BIM Decree (dm 560/2017) provides for a gradual adoption of BIM in public procurement under Article 6, which is why this working methodology is already mandatory from 1 January 2019 for works amounting to or more than EUR 100 million and from January 2020 from 50 million. Given the regulatory premises and its benefits, which are mainly due to the objectives that have been set for the project, such as the containment of costs and time and the reduction of interference, the BIM is a crucial part of a successful realization of the work. in the following sub chapters will be analyzed more detail the state of the art of the BIM and the relative regulation in Italy , comparing it with the international one and will be described processes tools and workflows adopted for the project and deepened the BIM USES used for the case study of the real villa park station in Monza

3.1. BIM situation in Italy about public infrastructure

From the survey of the 2019 lead by “AssoBIM”, with the main purpose of checking the degree of knowledge and use of Building Information Modelling and its potential among operators of construction sectors. The response of the survey participants, made up of in large part by design studies (more than 62% of average number of employees below the 10 units in 76% of cases and a turnover below 75% of the total (numbers that reflect the faithfully on the scale of Italian professional realities), it is encouraging: More than half of the sample knows and BIM methodology, while an additional 40% knows but does not use it or makes partial use of it, and only a marginal number of operators (below 10%) it's not aware of it. Equally significant is the answer to the question about the year of the introduction of BIM in the company: since 2012 you can detect a steady growth that has had its peak in 2018, with almost 17% of the sample introducing Building Information Modeling. To complement these data, among those who do not yet use BIM, about 11% expect to introduce it into the company within a year, and almost 20%over the next three years. The answers to two additional questions help to define better the contours of this trend however overall Positive. Nearly half of the sample declared have adopted BIM in its projects extensively (22,94%) (24.21%), but almost 60% of respondents used it in less than 25% of the work, while about 14% applied it to all projects carried out.

Regarding the public tenders of BIM After the "boom" of 2018, the year in which BIM calls had recorded a growth of 263.9% in 2017, 2019 also sees the growth trend continue, which has now been called "unstoppable". In the year that has just ended the BIM tenders in public tenders were 478 in

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Italy, 58.3% more than in 2018. BIM calls in 2019 are 8% of the total. In value, BIM tenders raise 296.3 million euros, compared with 1,502 million in the entire engineering and architecture services market. The average value of BIM calls in 2019 was 620,000 euros, a figure that exceeds the average value of all calls for architecture and engineering services to 252,934 euros. The increase is mainly due to the growth in calls above the European threshold of EUR 221,000 (a threshold that has been raised to EUR 214,000 since 1 January 2020). Most (56.1% of the total, or 92.6% of the value) of BIM tenders placed as the basis of the tender in 2019 are in the market of above-threshold tenders. Races below the threshold of 100,000 euros reach 21.5% in number and 1.9% in value; between 100,000 and 221,000 euros collect 22.4% in number and 5.5% in value. (OICE, Third report on the BIM tenders, 2019).

Figure 18 – Monthly trend, public tenders with BIM in Italy (2015 to 2019) OICE 2019

Analysing the typology of tender, the large majority belongs to procurement for design services (87.4%), dividing instead by type of work, linear or punctual , it is evident that the BIM is more widespread for the second (85% in 2019) and specially for refurbishment works (63%).

From this data Building Information Modelling (BIM) is now widely used for the management of backup processes construction work. The use of BIM in infrastructure field, sometimes referred to as I-BIM (Infrastructure – Building Information Modelling), it is not as widespread. However, there is a significant increase in interest in Infrastructure Information Modelling (I-BIM) applications in infrastructure and great opportunities in this field (I-BIM, Gianluca Dell’Acqua).

3.2. The legislative status of BIM in Italy

On the 1st January 2019, the first round of procurement proceedings and concessions under DM 560/2017 is published in Italy. The first stage of the DM 560/2017 provides for the obligation of the BIM for tenders of more than 100 million euros. In the process of adopting the implementing decree referred to in art. 23, paragraph 13 of Legislative Decree No.50/2016, the Commission began a phase of gathering information and opinions through the preparation of a special questionnaire and the hearing of stakeholders, which led to a proposal aimed at the adoption of the decree. The decree

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Particularly significant, in this perspective, is the emphasis on the data-sharing environment (CDE), defined as a “digital environment of organized collection and sharing of data related to a work that the contracting station accesses and in which it shares and preserves over time the information content related to the real estate or infrastructure assets of its competence, while defining its responsibilities for processing and protecting intellectual property”.

Equally important is the extension of the definition of complex works compared to art. 3, paragraph 1, of D. Lgs. n.50/2016, in particular referring to the use of BIM all those works for which a high level of "knowledge" is required primarily aimed at mitigating the risk of lengthening contractual time and/or exceeding expected costs, In addition to the protection of the health and safety of the workers involved, primary objectives for a public contractor, and including those determined by particularly acute requirements for coordination and collaboration between heterogeneous disciplines, whose integration in collaborative terms is considered fundamental.

Particularly important are the obligations placed on contracting stations and granting administrations to be able to request the use of modelling methods and tools in their tender procedures.. Regarding the timing of the introduction of Building Information Modeling in public procurement, the decree, as is known, adopted art. 6 a principle of progressiveness, based on the degree of complexity of the work and reference amount.

The stages planned are five : from 1 January 2019, the obligation involves complex works on works of a tender amount of EUR 100 million or more; From 1 January 2020, the obligation is extended to complex works relating to works of a tender-based amount of EUR 50 million or more; From 1 January 2021, to complex works relating to works of tender-based amount of 15 million euros or more; From 1 January 2022, to works of tender-based amount equal to or above the threshold set out in art. 35 of the Code of Public Contracts; From 1 January 2023, to works of tender-based amount of 1 million euros or more; from 1 January 2025, finally, to new works of tender-based amount of less than 1 million euros.

With the publication of ISO 19650 (parts 1 and 2) at the end of 2018, new regulatory scenarios are being outlined at international, EU and individual state levels, therefore also in our country. ISO 19650 concludes, with the first international standard of "principle" (on the line of ISO 9000-quality, 14000-environment, 55000-asset management, 31000-risk, etc.) a first phase, "historic", of the regulatory world (and not) on BIM and digitization of the construction sector. A first phase much more oriented to the IT aspects, at its dawn (ISO STEP 10303-11-21), and then increasingly aimed at information management and processes. At the same time, there is an increasing presence of specific national regulations (PAS 1192 – process, UNI series 11337 – application, DIN 91392 – CDE,

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AFNOR PRXPP07-150 – products, etc.) and a community role of hinge in becoming or "administrative" (CEN/TC442) – adoption of ISO standards – now, instead, increasingly present even with own standards (prEN 17412 – Level of Information Need, and prEN 17473 – Smart/CEM, for example)

Figure 19 – Overview BIM International Voluntary Regulatory System and Digital Constructions

ISO 19650, therefore, although last born, is today the "primary" standard, or reference for all the others already existing. The primary standard that has as its daughters preferred is ISO 16739-1 (IFC), open scheme, ISO 29481-1 (IDM), delivery manual, and 12006-2 (IFD), classification.

Figure 20 – Map of the international voluntary regulatory system with the release of ISO 19650

This main structure applies, such as, all over the world. And, in the countries of the CEN, accompanied by the timely additional EU rules and, in Italy and Great Britain, also through their national annexes. ISO 19650, in fact, provides for the principle of national reference attachments for the local market. Principle currently adopted, in fact, only by the UK and Italy. For UK through an annex in Part 2 (file naming system), local guidelines – part 0 – and withdrawal of BS 1192 and BSPAS 1192-2 (the principles of which are considered to be absorbed into the body of ISO 19650 1 and 2).

For Italy, on the other hand, instead of an annex in Part 2 of ISO 19650, given the extensive regulatory status of detail already present, it was preferred to establish that the whole of UNI 11337, in its various

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ISO 19650, in its main characters (part 1), maintains the setting and concepts that have been consolidated over the years around the world "BIM": Information Chapter (CI – EIR, which has become Exchange Information Requirement instead of Employer), Information Management Plan (pGI – BIM Execution Plan, in Part 2), etc.

In particular, it also defines: such as "Appointing" the proposer (no longer Employer) and "Appointed" the subject in charge; whereas that the data-sharing environments (ACDat – CDE Common Data Environment) are at least 2, of the commission's commission/proposer-appointing (to be prepared already in the tender phase) and disseminated, of the appointed-appointed operators (disproving the imaginative concept of CDE unique to free and indiscriminate access by the client, never even provided in PAS 1192); exceeding LODs through Level Of Information Need, without a predetermined scale (100, 200 ...; 1, 2, 3 ... ; A, B, C...) and with introduction of the Document Concept (DOC) next to LOG geometries and LOI alphanumeric information; the information structure of the entire construction process, from development (capex), to management (opex), in a single overall scheme and introducing Project Information Requirements (PIRs) to the original flows of PAS 1192 2 and 3;

In Italy, UNI EN ISO 19650:2019 parts 1 and 2 (translated into Italian) applies through the 11337 (20015-2017-2018) in its currently published parts: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. In December 2019, the reference practice for the definition of the Information Management System of Organisations (UNI/PdR 74:2019) was also published.

- UNI 11337-1:2017 Construction and Civil Engineering Works – Digital Management of Construction Information Processes – Part 1: Models, Papers and Information Objects for Products and Processes

- UNI/TS 11337-3:2015 Construction and Civil Engineering – Criteria for coding works and building products, activities, and resources – Part 3: Models of collection, organization, and storage of technical information for construction products

- UNI 11337-4:2017 Construction and Civil Engineering Works – Digital Management of Construction Information Processes – Part 4: Evolution and Information Development of Models, Works, and Objects

- UNI 11337-5:2017 Construction and Civil Engineering Works – Digital Management of Construction Information Processes – Part 5: Information Flows in Digitized Processes

- UNI/TR 11337-6:2017 Construction and Civil Engineering – Digital Management of Construction Information Processes – Part 6: Guideline for the drafting of the information specifications

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- UNI 11337-7:2018 Construction and Civil Engineering Works – Digital Management of Construction Information Processes – Part 7: Knowledge Requirements, Skills and Competence of Figures Involved in Information Management and Modelling

In the run-up to 19650, the original working group, UNI/CT 033/GL05, became a UNI/TC033/SC05 subcommittee and eight new working groups were set up to be entrusted with the various parts of UNI 11337 (while Part 1 – General – remains at the head of the subcommittee):

The idea is to gradually reorganize the entire national regulatory park in view of ISO 19650 but, more than for this, for the evolutions in the meantime, from 2015-2017, in practice and, of course, in technology (semantics, block-chain, etc.). The skeleton of the Italian rules, very practical, is in fact perfectly compatible with the structure of the 19650, which essentially presents guidelines, although its adoption is comfortable in the decision of a gradual overall review. It is also intended to establish at national level as a basis for discussion for Community (CEN) and International (ISO) levels.

The most important innovations will include:

- the introduction of the Level of Information Need (Loin) instead of the LODs, former part 4, which will also be reviewed in consideration of the Italian-led European standard (UNI, Marzia Bolpagni), prEN 17412, considering that, in order to promote its applicability in public procurement (in aid of RUP), a reference scale will still be provided according to the higher indications arising from the Code of Contracts and the future Regulation;

- The definition of the informational attributes of digital objects and especially of products, formerly Part 3, which will also be reviewed in consideration of the European standard being defined, prEN 17473, led French, but with a data structure identical to the Italian one in force since

- a more detailed definition of the ACDat/CDE, formerly part 5, according to the scheme confirmed by the 19650, and in parallel with the development of digital, organizational and national "platforms", former part 1 (concept until recently all Italian and which today also sees Europe active towards a digital platform of Community construction: DigiPLACE -H2020, Polytechnic of Milan, Ferdecostrustru-ANCE, MITI, etc.);

- the completion of the information flow now defined only in the CHAPTER CI, ex Part 6, with the application definition of OIR, PIR, PIM, etc. 1

3.3. BIM Project Executive Plan, an excerpt

Properly applied, BIM can provide many benefits to a project. The value of BIM has been illustrated through well-planned projects that have made: increasing the quality of design through effective

1 Sources : Fonti: Pavan Alberto – Assistant Professor, Politecnico di Milano; Mirarchi Claudio – Ingegnere, Ph.D Politecnico di Milano; De Gregorio Marco – UNI technical officer

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The four steps of the procedure are:

1) Identify the high value of BIM usage when planning the project, designing, building, and operational phase

2) Design the BIM execution process by creating process maps

3) Define BIM deliverables in the form of information exchange

4) Develop infrastructure in the form of contracts, communication procedures, technology, and quality control to support implementation

(“BIM Project Execution Planning” building SMART alliance™, 2020)

3.4. BIM Mission and Goals (general and case study specific)

One of the most important steps in the planning process is to clearly define the potential value of BIM on the project and for team members by defining the overall objectives of BIM implementation.

The project team outline the project objectives related to BIM Before identifying BIM Uses, These project objectives are specific, achievable and measurable, in addition, if achieved, should increase the degree of success of planning, design, construction and management of the structure. It is important to understand that some objectives may relate to specific uses, while other objectives do not. To successfully achieve BIM, it is critical that team members understand the future use of the information that is developing in fact use that you make of this data can have an impact on the methods used to develop the model, think about it also serves to identify quality control issues related to the accuracy of the data that will be used for the various activities.

To emphasize the information lifecycle, a central concept of the BIM Plan is to identify the appropriate uses of BIM by starting with the potential end uses of information in the model. To do this, the project team considered the next steps of the project to understand what information will be valuable at that stage, then go back through all the phases of the project in reverse order.

After establishing the “mission statement”, the planning team developed a standard list of project objectives. This means that on the basis of the reasons for using the BIM identified in the declaration of intent, a number of objectives will be defined that if achieved will bring benefits to the organization and the projects typically carried out. The list is divided into several categories, such as required, recommended, and optional goals for each project type. Objectives are to be modified according to the

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ 34 European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza individual characteristics of the projects and the working group. The importance of setting standard objectives is to allow each project workgroup to select from a "menu" of existing potential targets that ensures a complete and comprehensive list of objectives and a reduction in time for the development of objectives that would otherwise have to be defined from time to time. (IBIMI, 2016).

3.5. Case study Goals

The main objectives of the project that, given the previous considerations, have been decided to implement in the case study are mainly related to the general project goals, namely the reduction of implementation time and costs, the reduction of the impact on the area and road that refer to the fundamental objectives of the line extension project. In particular, since the station project is at an early stage it is important to obtain a possible study of the impact of the work on the area in which it insists, at constructive, aesthetic and landscape level (see rules and constraints of municipal and regional regulation on the area). To do this, a study of the phases and feasibility of the construction is necessary by analyzing alternative possibilities (e.g. excavation top down or bottom up, in the open air..) through a simulation performed by integrating the scheduling with the model of the work. (4D BIM). Other objectives for the case study are the realization of presentation outputs such as rendering, photo insertions and videos useful both to assess the landscape impact and feasibility of the work, and to communicate more effectively with project evaluation and approval bodies. The model will also be used to extract the elaborate project charts and preliminary quantities (QTOff), which will be linked to the prices in subsequent phases of the project used to draw up the estimative metric calculation and also in the logistics phase to estimate the quantities of materials needed for each stage for the case study considered of parco Villa Reale station.

Table 1 – MM company general BIM Goals table for the M5 extension project

BIM goal Process (bim use) Input-output Data Software / resources

Aerial- Develop of the 3D photogrammetric model of the terrain survey, geometrical Terrain modelling integrated with the existing conditions carachteristics of the software / Surveyor, underground facilities modelling buildings and BS infrastructure for the design of the underground structures track line model

Authoring software , Creation of the Parametric objects – 3D Design Authoring Analysis software ( project model 3D model of the project designers

Software for 3D 3D coordination and 3D models – 3D coordination modelling and clash clash detection coordination report detection / BC civil works and and MEP,

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BS and Designers

Structural, Acoustics, Vibrational, Light, Disciplinar Model - Discplinar Software / Engineering Anlayses Energy, firefight, study and engineering Specialist Designer analysis exodus, fluid report dynamics

Visual 3D Visualization of the Visualization software/ communication of the models Model Designer project

2D Drawaing Automatic extraction of Authoring software / generation for the Models, print template project drawings designer project approval

Integration of the scheduling software Models, WBS – project Software for analysis with the authoring Project Phase planning phase planning and and simulation / software to plan and simulation designer , PE PM BS analyze construction phases.

Models, WBS, Budgeting and Qtoff Quantity take off and prices,NP – software / Quantity Budget of the project Cost estimation Automatically Surveyors and Cost generated Budegt estimators BC BS

Evaluation of Authoring software / Leed Certifications environmental models designer sustainability

3.6. BIM project standards

BIM can be implemented at different stages during a project, but current technology, level of training, and implementation costs and added value must always be considered when determining the appropriate and necessary sectors and levels of detail for information modeling processes. Teams should not focus on whether to use BIM in general, but instead need to define implementation areas and specific uses. A team should aim to implement BIM at a level necessary for maximizing value, minimizing the cost and impact of modelling implementation. This requires the team to selectively identify areas that are suitable for BIM implementation and plan these implementation areas in detail.

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Figure 21 – Overview BIM lifecycle process

structuring and naming of the disciplinary models of works, Measurement and coordinate system, classification of objects (each object of the information model is uniquely identified through WBS encoding). definition of digital object development models (LOD/Loin). For each digital object, a tab has been prepared that identifies, in addition to the LOD, the graphical information, properties and parameters. file name. creating BIM object libraries (family libraries, materials) template definition of templates according to design discipline( dimensions, texts, networks, dwg export, view templates, filters, view types, object styles, line styles, thicknesses, line templates, shared and unshared project parameters, mechanical and electrical settings, title block).

Table 2 – MM coding used for Revit's loadable families

Loadable families:

Family Name: MM_ST_PS_Structural Precast Column

Name type: 60x30

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Company Discipline category Main feature Name Type (secondary feature)

MM ST PS Structural precast 60x30cm column

Table 3 – MM coding used for Revit's system families

Family Name: MM_ST_MS_Structural Wall Concrete_ 20cm

Name type: 30cm

Company Discipline category Main feature Name Type (secondary feature)

MM ST MS Structural Wall 30cm

Table 4 – MM coding of families for the category “Structure”

An example table with the coding used for the digital object categories

Structure

PS Structural column FS Structural foundation

TR Reticular beams TS Structural frame

PS Structural slab MS Structural wall

GS Structural node IT roof

3.7. Tools used

Teams and organizations determine which software platforms and which version of software is required to run the BIM Uses that were selected during the planning process. It is important to agree on a software platform early in the project to help remedy any interoperability issues. File formats for information transfer should have already been agreed during the information exchange planning phase. In addition, the team should agree on a process for modifying or updating software platforms and their versions, so that one party does not create a problem with a model that is not interoperable with the

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ 38 European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza other parties. Team agreed on using Autodesk proprietary formats such as. Rvt and. Nwf to implement BIM in this project, this is due the previous considerations and already planned process during other similar project of the company.

Table 5 – Table of tools used for the project

Discipline Use Software type Version file

BIM Authoring Architectural and Autodesk Revit 2018 . rvt Structural Design

Coordination and Phase planning and Autodesk 2018 . Nwc/Nwf/Nwd 4D communication Navisworks

CDE Data sharing One Drive current all environment

Collaboration Meetings and Microsoft current information Teams exchange

3.8. BIM USES

Once the goals are defined, the project team identify the appropriate tasks to perform with BIM. This analysis of BIM Uses initially focus on the desired results from the global process. Therefore, the team start with the Management phase, and identify the value for each of the BIM uses to which the project refers, providing a high, medium, or low priority of each use. The team then progress at each stage of the previous project (Construction, Design, and Planning).

To find the BIM Uses, the team proceeded in the following steps.

1. Identification potential BIM uses

It is important in this phase to consider the real possibility of using each use, always considering the relationship with the objectives of the project.

2. Index capabilities for each BIM use identified through the following categories:

- Resources – the resources to implement the required BIM usage, some of the general resources provided are: Staff – BIM team; Software Training; Hardware; IT support; Etc.

- Knowledge – or the “know-how” to successfully implement BIM-specific use. Is important to understand the details of the BIM usage and how it will be performed on the project.

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- Experience – The team experience associated with each BIM Usage is vital to successful implementation.

4. Identify the additional value and risks associated with each use

The team consider the potentially acquired value, as well as the additional risk that must be incurred in proceeding with each BIM Use.

5. Determine whether to implement BIM usage

The team discuss each BIM usage in detail to determine whether BIM use is appropriate for the project given its characteristics (both project and team, time, and resources constraints). This required the team to determine the potential added value and then proceed with comparing this potential benefit with implementation costs. The team also considered the risk elements associated with the implementation or otherwise of each BIM Use. Some “Use” may become easier to implement as existing information could be exploited.

3.9. BIM uses implemented in the case study project

Thanks to the previous process, and the project goals, the team decided to implement the following BIM uses in the Design of “Villa Reale” metro station in Monza:

- Design Authoring

- Phase Planning (4D Modelling)

3.9.1. Design Authoring

“A process in which 3D software is used to develop a Building Information Model based on criteria that is important to the translation of the building's design. Authoring tools create models while audit and analysis tools study or add to the richness of information in a model. Most of audit and analysis tools can be used for Design Review and Engineering Analysis BIM Uses. Design authoring tools are a first step towards BIM and the key is connecting the 3D model with a powerful database of properties, quantities, means and methods, costs, and schedules”.

(Messner, Anumba, Dubler, Goodman, Kasprzak, Kreider, Leicht, Saluja, Zikic, 2019)

Potential Value:

1) Transparency of design for all stakeholders

2) Better control and quality control of design, cost, and schedule

3) Powerful design visualization

4) True collaboration between project stakeholders and BIM users

5) Improved quality control and assurance

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Table 6 – Design Authoring process Map

Parametric Modeling Content Create Schematic Create Design Design Architecture Development Model Architecture Model No No

Create Design Identify Models Identify Content for Develop Intitial Create Schematic Yes Yes Development Required Model Creation Architecture Model Design Structural Model Structural Model

Does the model Does the model End meet the meet the Process requirements? requirements?

Schematic Design Design Development Construction Documentation

Preliminary Architecture Model Program Model Architectural Model Structural Model Architectural Model Structural Model Architectural Model Structural Model

Figure 22 – The BIM Model (Succar, 2018)

Creating a BIM Model means creating a digital object with a specific set of technological and procedural attributes: Three-dimensionality, built from objects (object-oriented technology), It must incorporate coded and specific information of the various disciplines of industry (much more than just an information archive/project dossier). It must specify relationships and hierarchies between model objects. (rules and/or constraints: as a relationship between a wall and a door, where the door creates an opening in a wall). It must describe a constructed environment of some sort (new project or existing); It must be readable by different software/applications.

Model definition : “any real or digital object that a craftsman or a worker has before him to build another equal or similar one, with the same material or with different matter, in the same size or in

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European master’s in building information Modelling BIM A+ 41 Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza different sizes, generally greater. It allows you to study, analyze, interpret, portray the model; copy the template faithfully; stick to the model. Synonyms: prototype” (Nissim, 2016).

Main functionalities of a BIM Model includes data storage, coordination at the design stage (clash detection), management and control of the building (think of all the features offered during the use of the built environment: planning and control maintenance, control energy consumption, home automation). Considering the entire life cycle of a construction project, starting with Identifying requirements, design, construction, use, demolition, it should be noted that most of the information is developed during the early stages (design and construction), while during the latter stages these become increasingly difficult to recover but also more necessary (use and demolition).from an economic point of view, it is the information produced at the initial stage (design), which will affect the costs of the entire project life cycle. So the design(authoring) phase is crucial for two reasons: the information produced during that phase will be useful (it will save costs) during the rest of the project life and in addition it will determine the cost of the entire project (meaning construction, use and demolition). Ring the model authoring is that moment when these two issues are addressed together.

Figure 23 – The MacLeamy curve, impact and cost and effort of design changes

To control the costs of construction, maintenance, and demolition, is possible to succeed only doing it during the early stages of design. This is often not reflected, in fact, today the design process takes place in three distinct and sequential phases, and only during the last phase there is the involvement of all disciplines. The BIM method opens the possibility of involving from the preliminary stages all the

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ 42 European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza experts who can contribute with their knowledge to optimize the project at the only time when it is possible and convenient to do so.

The modelling process and design authoring is done starting from the input data of the typological station, which includes 2D geometrical and non-geometrical data, such as floor plans, sections, and details. This information is shared trough .DWG file that represent the base to start from for the design of each station. Non geometrical data included is contained as well, such as the technology of the elements, its material and basic characteristics, included in this phase through hatches and simple text illustrations.

Figure 24 – Structural floor plan (roof) of the “Typological Station” of MM Design

Figure 25 – Structural section plan of the “Typological Station” of MM Design

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European master’s in building information Modelling BIM A+ 43 Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

Figure 26 – “Non geometrical” information included in the “Typological Station” of MM Design

This data is collected and structured in the model authoring phase, following the MM BIM standards, and adapted for the “Villa Reale” case study station, and corrected or integrated during the weekly meetings for the project review. The Naming standard used include information about the element and its constructive features, moreover, is adopted the Unformat classification to identify the element in the assembly code under identity data parameters of type properties.

Figure 27 – “Example of object standard naming systems applied, and classification information included

The model is then developed at an “LOD 300”: which means “The Model Element is graphically represented within the Model as a specific system, object or assembly in terms of quantity, size, shape, location, and orientation. Non-graphic information may also be attached to the Model Element.: The quantity, size, shape, location, and orientation of the element as designed can be measured directly from the model without referring to non-modelled information such as notes or dimension call-outs.

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ 44 European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

The project origin is defined, and the element is located accurately with respect to the project origin”.( BIM Forum interpretation, 2019).The project is developed in a single unified model comprehensive of the constructive and structural elements, elevators, and exterior architectural design proposal for the exit on the “Villa Reale” park. The detailing level in this phase is still intermediate and coordination with the other discipline models is needed to provide more graphical and non-graphical detailing.

The Station is articulated in five levels, from the lowest, located at -27,30m under the surface level which is the “tub” floor, (technical level), docks level at -22.9m, two intermediate levels of connection at respectively 17mt and -11mt and a mezzanine/ atrium last level at -6,5m.

Figure 28 – Section of the main body of the station

The Vertical connection is guaranteed by elevators and escalators placed at all the levels of the structure main body and intermediate artifacts from both sides of the docks.

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European master’s in building information Modelling BIM A+ 45 Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

Figure 29 – Longitudinal section of the Model

Overall, the structure is formed by a central and main body of dimension 65x20mt, which is the core station, the gallery that host the rail and a connective body between the two. Other structures are the three exits comprehensive of the elevators that connect with the outside space. The docks are 50mt long and separated by the rail line and protective glass, designed in the architectural model.

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ 46 European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

Figure 30 – Axonometric view of the Model

Three entrances guarantee the access to the stations, two on the sides of Viale Battisti Street, simple and without roof structure, with two elevators going both directions, while the main one and more iconic on Villa Reale park , in front of the Villa Monument.

Figure 31 – site floor plan of the Station Site

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European master’s in building information Modelling BIM A+ 47 Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

Figure 32 – Station Roof Floor plan

Figure 33 – Visualization of the station exit on the Villa Reale Park

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3.9.2. Phase Planning (4D Modeling)

“A process in which a 4D model (3D models with the added dimension of time) is utilized to effectively plan the phased occupancy in a renovation, retrofit, addition, or to show the construction sequence and space requirements on a building site. 4D modeling is a powerful visualization and communication tool that can give a project team, including the owner, a better understanding of project milestones and construction plans.”

(Messner, Anumba, Dubler, Goodman, Kasprzak, Kreider, Leicht, Saluja, Zikic, 2019)

Potential Value:

1) Better understanding of the phasing schedule by the owner and project participants and showing the critical path of the project

2) Dynamic phasing plans of occupancy offering multiple options and solutions to space conflicts

3) Integrate planning of human, equipment, and material resources with the BIM model to better schedule and cost estimate the project

4) Space and workspace conflicts identified and resolved ahead of the construction process

5) Marketing purposes and publicity

6) Identification of schedule, sequencing, or phasing issues

7) More readily constructible, operable, and maintainable project

8) Monitor procurement status of project materials

9) Increased productivity and decreased waste on job sites

10) Conveying the spatial complexities of the project, planning information, and support conducting additional analyses

Table 7 – Phase Planning process Map (4D modelling)

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Productivity Information Set Construction Prepare/Adjust From the company Sequencing and Flow Schedule

All disciplines

Start No No Process Establish Information Create New or Modify Validate Accuracy of Review 4D Model/ Exchange Previous 3D Model Link 3D Elements to 4D Model Yes Schedule Yes Requirements Activities All disciplines All disciplines All disciplines End Model Schedule Process Correct? Optimized?

3D Model 4D Model Schedule 4D Model and (Draft) (Draft) Schedule simulation

Given the project goals of the M5 metro line extension , the possibility to implement the process of 4D is a great tool to help have a better project plan ,reduce time and costs and study possibilities to reduce the interferences to the surrounding area, specially the viability.

The management of the time (4D) of a construction contract, in Italy, is one of the weaknesses of the entire production process of the sector, in fact, just as we are not used to drawing up the budget to control time and costs, we do not take into account the risks arising from the mismanagement of the contract. In the application of BIM, time planning draws fully from the methodology of Project Management and especially from the part of the areas of knowledge of project time management. With this method all operators from the early stages of the design enter into the view that the management until now completely disaggregated from the visual part (drawings) can no longer be managed except as the printing of a more integrated process.

The first step of this process is to tie every element to a WBS (work breakdown structure), connected entirely by the 3D model, thus declining the breakdown of the design considered most appropriate to give to the whole work. In This specific project for the “Villa Reale” station is given a breakdown based overall on M5 extension line project, afterwards adapted considering the case study goals of this thesis work and the specific features of the project.

Table 8 – Project case study WBS tree structure

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ 50 European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

Villa Reale Station Project WBS

M5 line extension Contract

D phase

S - Structural Category

– Villa Reale

Station Work number Work

Entire work

Station floor level exits Subwork

Concrete works Walls Slabs Completion works Foundations work Earth movemens

Work component

The second step is to create a codification from the wbs, to be insert in the Revit object parameters and be identified and linked in the 4D simulation. The classification used is based on the MM standard and is of the type: Contract_Work_Category_WorkNumber_Subwork_WorkComponent. Example:

Table 9 – Project case study WBS codification

M5 00 D S ST 15 CP Roof M5 00 D S ST 15 CP CAA Concrete Works M5 00 D S ST 15 CP IMM Waterproofing layer M5 00 D S ST 15 CP SOL Slabs M5 00 D S ST 15 CP MUT walls M5 00 D S ST 15 CP FEE Steel works M5 00 D S ST 15 CP COO Completion works

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European master’s in building information Modelling BIM A+ 51 Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza this information is afterward included manually in Revit modelled objects, after having created shared parameters corresponding to the WBS, the levels included are 7 for the project but only the last 2 are used for the simulation.

Figure 34 – example of the model parameters included in the revit model

The third step of the process is to create a Gantt chart in Microsoft Project with the hypothesis of timing for the different phases and linked with the WBS created before.

Figure 35 – Gantt Chart schedule included in the 4D simulation

the last step is done in Autodesk Navisworks, where both the 3D model with the wbs parameters information and the scheduling file produced in Project are imported and used to run the 3D simulation to show the phase planning process.

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ 52 European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

Figure 36 – 3D Model imported in Navisworks with, timeline function and import of project file

At the same time with the software was possible to extract the basic quantities (Qtoff) that can be an index for the site logistics for the future contractors and cost estimations.

Figure 37 – Table of quantities extracted from the Model

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Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ 54 European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+ Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

4. CONCLUSIONS

During the thesis work addressed, is retraced the adoption of BIM in the extension of M5 metro project in Milan metropolitan area. More specifically is treated the 3D and 4D BIM modelling of “Villa Reale” Station in Monza, case study selected for the application, work developed collaboration with MM S.p.A., for the concept and developed design. The thesis is structured in two main section, the first one where is described the M5 metro line extension, its general features goals characteristics, technical specifics and the area to understand the context where the BIM is applied , challenges given by the design and opportunities, related to the goals prefixed by the company and the employer, that in this case is the Public body, represented by the Metropolitan area, the region and the State that fund the infrastructure. Afterwards is faced more specifically the challenge and framework for adopting BIM for this project, to do so first the regulatory situation in Italy about digital construction is discussed, in relation to international norms. The BIM process in the BIM's application plan for the case study is discussed in more detail, illustrating the standards, tools and processes used for the selected BIM uses and the criteria for such choices, relating to standard good practices. A focus in the end on each BIM uses described the modelling done for the project case study of the station “Parco Villa Reale” in Monza where briefly all the steps to create the 3D and 4D model are described and analysed. In Italy the use of BIM in infrastructure field (I-BIM, Infrastructure – Building Information Modelling), is not as widespread as application on buildings., there are growing and great opportunities in this field as well as many challenges to face. Working in the application of BIM the first time on a real project I was able to have proof of the potential of the BIM process to help in reach the project goals, such and time and cost control, reduction of interferences and targets of productivity unthinkable before. In specific relation to help address the design from early stage thanks to BIM uses and communication, possibility to explore and evaluate a project’s constructability before it’s built, improve cost reliability, visualize construction processes through 4D simulation and clash detection, increase coordination between stakeholders throughout the design and construction process, and better predict, manage and communicate project outcomes. The results of the work may form a basis for further studies on project evaluation at early stage of design and studies included evaluation of interferences impact trough BIM process that this work couldn’t address, such as schedule optimization in relation to technical and site construction choices and use of generative and computational tools to enhance such process. Possible improvements can include the use of “open BIM” format already inside the company to make possible the use of more specific tools for each use, even though this would imply investments and changes in the standard process, but necessary given the need and orientation of the regulatory framework at a national and international level on digital construction. To Summarize, the possible positive outcomes for the BIM adoption in the project includes, availability of updated and up-to-date information based on coded and shared procedures, efficiency and productivity with maximum sharing of design information (CDE and interoperability), reduce design errors by automatically updating project tables in relation to changes made, elimination of information loss between a design phase and subsequent, reducing design time and costs , reducing the life cycle costs of public real estate . Moreover, the benefit is not only for the engineering company and so from the preliminary design until the workshop drawings from the final model, but also for the general contractor who gets the model must start building it.

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BIMfactory. (2020). Il BIM nelle gare d’appalto. [online] Available at: https://www.bimfactory.it/il- bim-nelle-gare-dappalto/ . buildingSMART International (2019). buildingSMART - The Home of BIM. [online] buildingSMART International. Available at: https://www.buildingsmart.org/.

Città Metropolitana di Milano - bim e infrastrutture. (n.d.). Building Information Modeling. [online] Available at: https://www.cittametropolitana.mi.it/infrastrutture/innovazione/bim/ .

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Eastman, C.M., Teicholz, P.M., Sacks, R. and Lee, G. (2018). BIM handbook : a guide to building information modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers and contractors. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley.

ISO (2019b). ISO 19650. Available at: https://www.iso.org/standard/68078.html.

Mayol, A. (n.d.). BIM applied to design construction and site management of underground metro project. [online] BIM A+. Available at: https://bimaplus.org/portfolio/bim-applied-to-design- construction-and-site-management-of-underground-metro-project/.

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European master’s in building information Modelling BIM A+ 57 Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

MM S.p.A, A. (n.d.). M5 Metro Line extension.

Nationalbimstandard.org. (2017). Welcome to the National BIM Standard - United States | National BIM Standard - United States. [online] Available at: https://www.nationalbimstandard.org/.

Nissim, L. (2016). Piano BIM aziendale | IBIMI. [online] IBIMI. Available at: https://www.ibimi.it/il- piano-esecutivo-bim-delle-singole-imprese/ [Accessed 12 Sep. 2020].

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Raimondi, A. and Papatolo, N. (2013). METRO 5 REALIZZAZIONE E SICUREZZA. thesis.

Succar, Bi. (n.d.). BIM Framework. [online] BIM Framework. Available at: https://www.bimframework.info/.

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Willem Kymmell (2008). Building information modeling : planning and managing construction projects with 4D CAD and simulations. New York: Mcgraw-Hill, Cop. www.fondoambiente.it. (n.d.). Villa Reale di Monza. [online] Available at: https://www.fondoambiente.it/.

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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

BIM Building Information Modelling CDE Common Data Environment MM Milano Metropolitana 4D Phase Planning

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ European master’s in building information Modelling BIM A+ 59 Adoption of BIM for the extension of the M5 metro line in Milan, 3D and 4D modeling of the station "Parco Villa Reale" in Monza

Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme – ERASMUS+ 60 European Master in Building Information Modelling BIM A+