COTINGA 8 of the Río Negro Jaguar Preserve, Colonia Libertad,

Daniel S. Cooper

Cuando esté completa, Rio Negro Jaguar Preserve protegerá c. 10 000 acres de llanura y pedemonte de la vertiente caribeña junto al Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja en el noroeste de Costa Rica. Si bien el área posee pocos asentamientos y es aún remota, el reciente (desde comienzos de los ’80) y acelerado ritmo de tala y deforestación en la región ha hecho que estas selvas sean unas de las más amenazadas en el país. El hábitat en las cercanías de la reserva representa uno de los últimos grandes bloques de selva contigua de las llanuras hasta los niveles medios de elevación en Costa Rica, y, conectada a la selva de altura protegida en un parque nacional, funciona como un corredor forestal de dispersión, crucial para los movimientos altitudinales estacionales de las 300 especies de aves y varias docenas de mamíferos del área. Esta región poco habitada: no más de 2000 personas viven en sus alrededores, la mayoría de los cuales llegaron en los últimos 20 años, esta explotada a pequeña escala y así provee de un área núcleo de reserva para varias especies raras que han sido prácticamente eliminadas en sectores a menor altitud, como por ejemplo Electron carinatum y los globalmente casi-amenazados Spizastur melanoleucus, Chamaepetes unicolor, Odontophorus leucolaemus, Procnias tricarunculata, Piprites griseiceps y Buthraupis arcaei, todos los cuales han sido detectados cerca o arriba los 700 m. Se presenta una lista completa de especies, preparada como resultado de investigaciones entre el 12 marzo y 7 abril 1996 por el autor en el área alrededor de Colonia Libertad, dos visitas por T. Guindon y una breve visita de tres observadores en enero 1997, junto con una introducción sobre las oportunidades para la observación de aves que existen en el área.

Introduction a core reserve area for many rare which The Río Negro Jaguar Preserve, when complete, have become virtually extirpated at lower eleva­ will protect c. 10 000 acres in the Caribbean slope tions, including gamebirds and large mammals. foothills and lowlands adjacent to Rincón de la One of the few other birders to have visited the Vieja National Park, in north-west Costa Rica. Al­ area is Tomás Guindon, a nature guide from though this area is still only lightly settled and Monteverde, Costa Rica. In October 1995 and May remote, the recently (since the early 1980s) accel­ 1996, he conducted brief surveys of the forest near erated pace of logging and deforestation in the Colonia Blanca, a small town located c. 10 km south region has made its forests some of the most threat­ of Libertad. Because this area is closer to the pass ened in the country5. The habitat in the vicinity of through the mountains to the Pacific slope, its the preserve represents one of the last large, con­ avifauna exhibits a distinctive Pacific influence tiguous lowland to mid-elevation rainforests in including several conspicuous species (e.g. Black­ Costa Rica, and, being connected to the protected headed Trogon Trogon melanocephalus and highland forest of a national park, serves as a Long-tailed Manakin Chiroxiphia linearis) not forested dispersal corridor, crucial for the seasonal found in Libertad. Even the non-forest birds of movements of the area’s abundant wildlife. Blanca are more typical of the Pacific slope, with Three factors account for the high density and Inca Dove Columbina inca and Eastern diversity of birds and mammals in the reserve area, Meadowlark Sturnella magna present here despite which boasts nearly 300 species of birds and sev­ being absent from Libertad. eral dozen mammal species. First, the region is thinly settled: no more than 2000 people live in Methods and results the vicinity, nearly all of whom arrived in the last From 12 March 1996–7 April 1996, I conducted a 20 years. Second, logging is currently small-scale, survey and general assessment of the reserve by landowners who selectively log portions of their potential of the Río Negro Jaguar Preserve area. property. Finally, the 1000s of acres of unlogged Each day was spent in the field surveying bird and forest within adjacent the Rincón de la Vieja Na­ large mammal species in an area of c. 8 km2, tional Park in the Cordillera de Guanacaste provide centered on the village of Colonia Libertad. Travel

17 8 Birds of the Rio N egro Jaguar Preserve, Costa Rica

to this narrow elevation within their Costa Rican range, although many of these and higher eleva­ tion species disperse into the adjacent lowland reserve, following the availability of nectar and fruit4. Heavy rain during the study period also ap­ peared to force premontane birds into lowlands in the Colonia Libertad area (pers. obs.). On a visit during a dry season rainy spell in late January 1997, several species normally associated with lower montane forests (e.g. Emerald Tangara florida and White-ruffed Manakin Corapipo leucorrhoa) were seen feeding in scrubby Cecropia growth at c. 500 m near the town. Tropical Wet Forest, the most dominant habi­ tat of the Rio Negro Jaguar Preserve, is undoubtedly the most species-rich ecosystem in Costa Rica. Nearly 75% of such habitat in Costa Rica has already been lost5. The type that occurs here, known as Cool Transitional, is found only in narrow bands along the base of the Caribbean slope mountains and again in the southern Pacific low­ lands3. In the reserve, it is most intact in a band along the base of the mountains west of the main road through Colonia Libertad, between 600-750 m. Therefore, many species whose ranges are re­ stricted to near sea-level rainforests of are found here only at this slightly el­ Map of Rio Negro Jaguar Preserve area evated altitude, including Great Tinamou Tinamus major, Brown-hooded Parrot Pionopsitta was restricted to foot and horseback along logging haematotis and Rufous Piha unirufus. roads through the forest. Due to the difficulty in In the lowlands east of Colonia Libertad, the accessing highland sites, most visits were to the Tropical Moist Forest supports a rich lowland bird selectively logged forest between 400-650 m a.s.l. community distinct from that of slightly higher The bird list below includes sightings from this regions west of the town, with fascinating species study, two visits by T. Guindon (see above) and a replacements: White-flanked Antwren Myrmo- brief visit by DSC, V. Emanuel and B. Lyon in Janu­ therula axillaris in the foothills gives way to ary 1997. Dot-winged Microrhopias quixensis and The Colonia Libertad area represents a fasci­ Checker-throated Antwrens Myrmotherula nating intersection of three major ecological regions: fulviventris east of the road, Olive Tanager Tropical Premontane Rain forest, Tropical Wet For­ carmioli-led flocks in the foothills est (Cool Transitional), and Tropical Moist Forest3. are here dominated by Red-throated Ant-Tanager The first habitat, representing the lower limit of Habia fuscicauda. Other species are more typical cloud forest on the Caribbean slope, extends from of the drier habitat toward Lago de , in­ just inside the park (c. 1,200 m) to c. 750 m along cluding Yellow-bellied Tyrannulet Ornithion ridge-tops. This forest type is rapidly diminishing semiflavum and White-tipped Dove Leptotila throughout Central America, as it lies largely be­ verreauxi, and still others continue to invade from low the boundaries of national parks, which the dry cattle country of western Guanacaste prov­ primarily protect upper montane areas1. ince, with White-throated Magpie-Jay Calocitta Many bird species endemic to the volcanic high­ formosa the most conspicuous. lands of Costa Rica and adjacent west are Only four Costa Rican birds are listed as seri­ found at their lower elevational limit in this ously endangered globally1. One, the Keel-billed premontane forest (e.g. Black-faced Solitaire Motmot Electron carinatum, was detected during Myadestes melanops). Other species, such as Ru­ the study period on land currently protected by fous-winged Tanager Tangara lavinia and Brown the Rio Negro Jaguar Preserve, a forested slope that Violetear Colibri delphinae, are generally restricted includes a small cattle pasture (at 350 m). While

18 COTINGA 8 Birds of the Río N egro Jaguar Preserve, Costa Rica only a one bird was observed, a more exhaustive Libertad. Another small pensión is in Guayabo, c. search for the species may reveal a small popula­ 1 hour before Blanca. Otherwise, one could stay tion in the area, as Rincón de la Vieja National along the Pan-American Highway near Bagaces and Park is one of the few places the species is known make a 2-hour drive in the morning. Colonia in Costa Rica1. Libertad has several small general stores where Six birds detected during this study are con­ snacks, drinks and basic supplies may be obtained sidered globally near-threatened, and thus also of and international phone calls made. Local buses conservation concern: Black-and-white Hawk-Ea­ ply the Bagaces–Colonias route each day, although gle Spizastur melanoleucus, Black Guan returning the same day might be difficult. Chamaepetes unicolor, Black-breasted Wood-Quail Odontophorus leucolaemus, Three-wattled Bellbird R e f e r e n c e s Procnias tricarunculata, Grey-headed Manakin 1. Collar, N. J., Gonzaga, L. P., Krabbe, N., Madroño Piprites griseiceps and Blue-and-gold Tanager Nieto, A., Naranjo, L.G., Parker, T.A. & D.C. Buthraupis arcaei1. Interestingly, all of these birds Wege (1992) Threatened birds of the Ameri­ were detected near or above 700 m. cas: the ICBP/IUCN Red Data Book. Cam­ Large numbers of neotropical migrants were bridge, UK: International Council for Bird noted in and around the proposed reserve (37 spe­ Preservation. cies of 11 families). The winter residents include 2. Hagan, J. M. & Johnston, D.W. (1992) Ecology several particularly vulnerable to deforestation2, and conservation of Neotropical migrant including Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora landbirds. Washington D. C.: Smithsonian In­ chrysoptera, Kentucky Warbler Oporornis formosus stitution Press. and Yellow-throated Vireo Vireo flavifrons. North­ 3. Janzen, D. H. (1983) Costa Rican natural his­ ward migration became more pronounced during tory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. the final week of the study, when each day seemed 4. Loiselle, B. A. & Blake, J. G. (1992) Population to bring new species into the area. variation in a tropical bird community. The birding potential of this area is tremen­ BioScience. 42: 838–845. dous, owing in part to its proximity to one of the 5. Stiles, F. G. & Skutch, A. F. (1989) A guide to low passes through the Cordillera de Guanacaste5. the birds of Costa Rica. Ithaca, NY: Cornell This mixing zone of Pacific and Caribbean Slope University Press. species supports three species of hawk-eagle, five of toucan, nine woodcreepers, 18 antbirds, 21 hum­ Birds of the Río N egro Jaguar Preserve, Colonia mingbirds and 31 . The more sought-after Libertad, Costa Rica specialties include: Uniform Crake Amaurolimnas (A)bundant: detected (seen o r heard) during concolor, Sunbittern Eurypyga helias, Great nearly every visit to habitat Curassow Crax rubra, King Vulture Sarcoramphus (C)ommon: detected >50% of visits papa, White Hawk Leucopternis albicollis, Snowcap (U)ncommon: 25–50% of visits; more often missed than seen (O)ccasional <25% of visits but expected Microchera albocoronata, Keel-billed Motmot, Yel­ (R)are <25% of visits, not to be expected low-eared Toucanet Selenidera spectabilis, (E)dge open o r scrubby habitats Cinnamon Woodpecker Celeus loricatus, Tawny- (L)ow low-elevation forest (<600 m), throated Leaftosser Sclerurus mexicanus, primarily east of main road Ocellated Antbird Phaenostictus mcleannani, (M)iddle middle-elevation forest (600–750 m), Lovely Cotinga Cotinga amabilis, Grey-headed primarily west of road Manakin, Rufous-browed Tyrannulet Phylloscartes (P)remontane premontane forest (750–850 m) superciliaris, White-throated Flycatcher N o te : Empidonax albigularis, Song “L–P” = seen from below 600 m up to 850 m; “ E” = edge habitat at all elevations, and phaeocephalus and Rufous-winged Tanager. “E-(L, M, or P)” = edge habitat up to 600, 750, or 850 m, Currently, the best access to the Colonia respectively. Libertad area remains via a difficult road from Great Tinamou Tinamus major O/P Bagaces on the Pan-American Highway. A visit Slaty-breasted Tinamou Crypturellus boucardi O /L–P during the dry season (January–May) would be Little Tinamou C. soui A /E–P possible in a car with high clearance, although much Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus C/ E of the road is rough, unpaved and more suitable Olivaceous Cormorant Phalacrocorax olivaceus C/E along Rio Negro east of Colonia Libertad for four-wheel-drive-vehicles. The closest accommo­ Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea U/E dations are a small hostel (with hot water and good Snowy Egret Egretta thula O/E food) in Colonia Blanca, c. 20 minutes before Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis C/E

19 COTINGA 8 Birds of the Río N egro Jaguar Preserve, Costa Rica

Great Egret Casmerodius albus C/E Violet Sabrewing Campylopterus hemileucurus O /P Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura A /E–P Red-footed Plumeleteer Chalybura urochrysia C/L– M Black Vulture Coragyps atratus A /E–P Green-breasted Mango Anthracothorax prevostii R/E King V ulture Sarcoramphus papa C/L– M (1– 2 pairs in region) Purple-crowned Fairy Heliothryx barroti U/M American Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus A /L–P W hite-necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora C/E– L White-tailed Kite Elanus caeruleus U/E Crowned Woodnymph Thalurania colombica A/M– P, R/E Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea O/E Blue-throated Goldentail Hylocharis eliciae C/E Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus R/M Rufous-tailed Hummingbird Amazilia tzacatl A/E Hook-billed Kite Chondrohierax uncinatus R/E Blue-chested Hummingbird A. amabilis R/E Black-chested Hawk Leucopternis princeps R/P Fork-tailed Emerald Chlorostilbon canivetii O/E White Hawk L. albicollis C/L 2 pairs in region Black-crested Coquette Lophornis helenae C/E G rey Hawk Buteo nitidus U/E Purple-throated Mountain-gem Broad-winged Hawk B. platypterus O/M Lampornis castaneoventris calolaema U/P2 Short-tailed Hawk B. brachyurus O /M 1 Snowcap Microchera albocoronata U /L–P White-tailed Hawk B. albicaudatus R/E Ruby-throated Hummingbird Archilochus colubris U/E Zone-tailed Hawk B. albonotatus R/E Violet-headed Hummingbird Klais guimeti U/P Red-tailed Hawk B. jamaicensis O/M Slaty-tailed Trogon Trogon massena A/M– P, U/L Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle Spizastur melanoleucus R/M1 Violaceous Trogon T. violaceus A/E– L Ornate Hawk-Eagle S. ornatus R/P Black-throated Trogon T. rufus C /L–P Black Hawk-Eagle S. tyrannus R/M Orange-bellied Trogon T. aurantiiventris U/P2 Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans O / L1 Black-headed Trogon T. melanocephalus U/E– L2 American Kestrel Falco sparverius O/E Ringed Kingfisher Ceryle torquata R/E Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis O/E Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona R/E Great Curassow Crax rubra U /L–P Green Kingfisher C. americana R/E Crested Guan Penelope purpurascens C/L–P, O/E Broad-billed Motmot Electron platyrhynchum A/L– M Black Guan Chamaepetes unicolor O /P 1 Keel-billed Motmot E. carinatum R/L Black-breasted W o o d -Quail Odontophorus leucolaemus R/P Rufous Motmot Baryphthengus martii U/M2 Rufous-fronted Wood-quail O. erythrops R/L Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda U /E–M Uniform Crake Amaurolimnas concolor O/M White-fronted Nunbird Monasa morphoeus R/E Sunbittern Eurypyga helias U/E along Río Negro east of Collared Aracari Pteroglossus torq u a tu s C/E Colonia Libertad Emerald Toucanet Aulacorhynchus prasinus R/P Northern Jacana Jacana spinosa C/E (reported by credible local) Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria O/E Keel-billed Toucan Ramphastos sulfuratus A/E Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia U/E Chestnut-mandibled Toucan R. swainsonii C/E Red-billed Pigeon Columba flavirostris A/E, U/L– M Yellow-eared Toucanet Selenidera spectabilis R/P Short-billed Pigeon C. nigrirostris A/M– P Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus C/E Pale-vented Pigeon C. cayennensis U/P2 Pale-billed W oodpecker Campephilus guatemalensis C/E Blue Ground Dove Claravis pretiosa O/E Cinnamon W oodpecker Celeus loricatus R/L– M Ruddy Ground Dove Columbina talpacoti A/E Smoky-brown W oodpecker Veniliornis fumigatus C/M– P Inca D ove C. inca U/E south of Colonia Blanca Black-cheeked W oodpecker Melanerpes pucherani A/E, U /L–P White-winged Dove Zenaida asiatica A/E Hoffman’s W oodpecker M. hoffmannii O/E White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi C/L Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius R/E Grey-chested Dove L cassinii C/M, O/L Wedge-billed W oodcreeper Glyphorhynchus spirurus A /L–P Violaceous Quail-Dove Geotrygon lawrencii O/L Streaked-headed W oodcreeper Lepidocolaptes souleyetii A/E Mealy Parrot Amazona farinosa A /E–M Plain-brown W oodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa U /L–P Red-lored Parrot A. autumnalis A /E–M Ruddy W oodcreeper D. homochroa R/M White-fronted Parrot A. albifrons U/L1 Brown-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus pusillus R/M White-crowned Parrot Pionus senilis A/E Black-striped W oodcreeper Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus U/L– M Brown-hooded Parrot Pionopsitta haematotis F/M– P Buff-throated W oodcreeper X. guttatus U/L Crimson-fronted Parakeet Aratinga finschi R/E Spotted W oodcreeper X. erythropygius A/M– P Olive-throated Parakeet Aratinga nana C/E Barred W oodcreeper Dendrocolaptes certhia C/M, R/L Orange-chinned Parakeet Brotogeris jugularis F/E Plain X enops Xenops rutilans C /L–P Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana A /E–M Spotted Barbtail Premnoplex brunnescens O /P Groove-billed Ani Crotophaga sulcirostris A/E Spectacled Foliage-gleaner Anabacerthia variegaticeps C / P Pacific Screech-Owl Otus cooperi A/E (not searched for outside Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner Automolus ochrolaemus U/L– M Colonia Libertad) Striped Foliage-gleaner Hyloctistes subulatus R/M Common Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis A/E Scaly-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus guatemalensis R/L White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris A/E Tawny-throated Leaftosser S. mexicanus R/M Grey-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris A/E Dotted-winged Antwren Microrhopias quixensis C/L Vaux’s Swift Chaetura vauxi C/E2 White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris U/L– M Swift sp. Chaetura sp. O/E probably C. pelagica Slaty Antwren M. schisticolor C/P Swift sp. Cypseloides sp. O/E probably C. niger Plain A ntvireo Dysithamnus mentalis U/P Little Hermit Phaethornis longuemareus A /L–P Streak-crowned Antvireo D. striaticeps C/M– P Long-tailed Hermit P. superciliosus C/E– L Checker-throated Antwren M. fulviventris C/L Green Hermit P. guy A/P Fulvous-bellied Antpitta Hylopezus fulviventris A /E–P Band-tailed Barbthroat Threnetes ruckeri R/E Black-faced Antthrush Formicarius analis C/L– M Brown Violetear Colibri delphinae U/P, R/M Fasciated Antshrike Cymbilaimus lineatus R/L W hite-tipped Sicklebill Eutoxeres aquila O/M – P Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus C/E

20 COTINGA 8 Birds of the Río N egro Jaguar Preserve, Costa Rica

Slaty Antshrike T. punctatus O /M 1 White-breasted Wood-Wren H. leucosticta C /L–P Russet Antshrike Thamnistes anabatinus U/P Plain W re n Thryothorus modestus R/E Ocellated Antbird Phaenostictus mcleannani O/M House Wren Troglodytes aedon A/E Dusky Antbird Cercomacra tyrannina R/M Nightingale W ren Microcerculus philomela U /L–P Bicolored Antbird Gymnopithys leucaspis O/M – P Song W re n Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus C /L–P Immaculate A ntbird Myrmeciza immaculata C/P (above 800 m) Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush Catharus fuscater U/P Chestnut-backed Antbird M. exsul A/L– M Black-headed Nightingale-thrush C. mexicanus C/P Dull-mantled Antbird M. laemosticta O /M 1 Swainson’s T hrush C. ustulatus U /E–P Spotted Antbird Hylophylax naevioides O /L–P Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina R/M Cinnamon Becard Pachyramphus cinnamomeus A/E Clay-colored Robin Turdus grayi A/E Rose-throated Becard P. aglaiae O/E W hite-throated Robin T. assimilis C /L–P White-winged Becard P. polychopterus C/E Black-faced Solitaire Myadestes melanops O /P Tityra semifasciata A/E W hite-throated Magpie-Jay Calocitta formosa C/E Black-crowned Tityra T. inquisitor U/E Brown Jay Cyanocorax morio U/E Snowy Cotinga nitidus U /E–M Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus U /E–P Lovely Cotinga Cotinga amabilis O/L– M Yellow-throated Vireo V. flavifrons U/E Rufous Piha Lipaugus unirufus C/M– P Philadelphia Vireo V. philadelphicus O/E Three-wattled Bellbird Procnias tricarunculata A/P Lesser Greenlet Hylophilus decurtatus A /L–P White-collared Manakin Manacus candei C/E Tawny-crowned Greenlet H. ochraceiceps C/L–P especially M– P Grey-headed Manakin Piprites griseiceps R/M Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea C/E Long-tailed Manakin Chiroxiphia linearis U /E–M2 Tawny-faced Gnatwren Microbates cinereiventris R/P Red-capped Manakin Pipra mentalis U/L– M Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus U/E White-ruffed Manakin Corapipo leucorrhoa C/M– P Black-and-white W arbler Mniotilta varia U/L Thrush-like Schiffornis Schiffornis turdinus R/M Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus O /P Black Phoebe Sayornis nigricans U/E Orange-crowned Warbler Vermivora celata R/E Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus A/E Tennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina A/E–P especially E Bright-rumped Attila Attila spadiceus C/M– P Golden-winged W arbler V. chrysoptera U /E–M Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius U/E Blue-winged W arbler V. pinus R/E Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher Myiodynastes luteiventris U/E Blackburnian W arbler Dendroica fusca O /P Streaked Flycatcher M. maculatus U/E Pine W arbler D. pinus R/E Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarhynchus pitangua C/E Yellow W arbler D. petechia C/E Social Flycatcher M yiozetetes similis C/E Chestnut-sided W arbler D. pensylvanica A/E Grey-capped Flycatcher M. granadensis O/E Black-throated Green W arbler D. virens O/E White-ringed Flycatcher Coryphotriccus albovittatus O/E Magnolia W arbler D. magnolia R/E3 Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer U/E W ilson’s W arb le r Wilsonia pusilla O / L1 Nutting’s Flycatcher M. nutting O /E–M2 Canada W arbler W. canadensis R/E Rufous Mourner Rhytipterna holerythra C /L–P Kentucky W arbler Oporornis formosus U/E Royal Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus U/L-M O venbird Seiurus aurocapilla R/E Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus borealis O/E Louisiana W aterthrush S. motacilla O /L 1 Wood-Pewee C. sp. U/E Northern Waterthrush S. noveboracensis R/E Tropical Pewee C. cinereus A/E Grey-crowned Yellowthroat Geothlypis poliocephala C/E Acadian Flycatcher Empidonax albigularis C/L Common Yellowthroat G. trichas R/E White-throated Flycatcher E. albigularis R/M Buff-rumped W arbler Phaeothlypis fulvicauda U/E Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher Myiobius sulphureipygius R/L Worm-eating Warbler Helmitheros vermivorum R/L Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher Terenotriccus erythrurus U/L– M Tropical Parula Parula pitiayumi U/E (above 600 m) Olive-striped Flycatcher Mionectes olivaceus O/M – P American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla O/E Ochre-bellied Flycatcher M ionectes oleagineus U /E–P Slate-throated Redstart Myioborus miniatus U/P Golden-crowned Spadebill Platyrinchus cancrominus U/L– M Bananaquit Coereba flaveola O /E–P Stub-tailed Spadebill P. cancrominus U/M2 Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula C/E Scale-crested Pygmy-tyrant Lophotriccus pileatus A/M– P Montezuma Oropendola Psarocolius m ontezum a A/E Northern Bentbill Oncostoma cinereigulare C /E Scarlet-rumped Cacique Cacicus uropygialis O/E Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum A/E Yellow-billed Cacique Amblycercus holosericeus O / L1 Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher T. nigriceps R/E Bronzed Cowbird Molothrus aeneus O/E Paltry Tyrannulet Zimmerius vilissimus C /E–P Great-tailed Grackle Quiscalus mexicanus C/E Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola U/E Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna U/E (south of Colonia Blanca) Rufous-browed Tyrannulet Phylloscartes superciliaris R/P Yellow-crowned Euphonia Euphonia luteicapilla A/E Yellow-bellied Tyrannulet Ornithion semiflavum O / L Olive-backed Euphonia E. gouldi C/L–P especially M Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens C /E–M Yellow-throated Euphonia E. hirundinacea R/L1 Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster A/E Tawny-capped Euphonia E. anneae U/M– P Grey-breasted Martin Progne chalybea A/E White-vented Euphonia E. minuta O/E Northern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis A/E Scrub Euphonia E. affinis U /E–M2 Southern Rough-winged Swallow S. ruficollis C/E Blue-and-gold Tanager Buthraupis arcaei U/P Violet-green Swallow Tachycineta thalassina R/E Common Bush-Tanager Chlorospingus ophthalmicus U/P Mangrove Swallow T. albilinea C/E3 Olive Tanager Chlorothraupis carmioli A/M, R/L B a n d - b a c k e d W re n Campylorhynchus zonatus U/E Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum C/E Striped-breasted W ren Thryothorus thoracicus C / P Emerald Tanager Tangara florida O /P Bay W ren T. nigricapillus A /E–M Silver-throated Tanager T. icterocephala C/M– P Grey-breasted Wood-wren Henicorhina leucophrys C /P 1 Bay-headed Tanager T. gyrola U/P2

21 COTINGA 8 Birds of the Río N egro Jaguar Preserve, Costa Rica

Rufous-winged Tanager T. lavinia U/E M– P only Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus U/L1 Golden-hooded Tanager T. larvata A/E Blue-black Grosbeak Cyanocompsa cyanoides R/L Black-and-yellow Tanager Chrysothlypis chrysomelas R/P1 Chestnut-capped Brush-Finch Atlapetes brunneinucha C/P Blue-grey Tanager Thraupis episcopus A/E Orange-billed Sparrow Arremon aurantiirostris C /E–M Tawny-crested Tanager Tachyphonus delatrii C/M 3 White-collared Seedeater Sporophila torqueola U/E White-shouldered Tanager T. luctuosus U/E Variable Seedeater S. aurita A/E W estern Tanager Piranga ludoviciana R/E Yellow-faced Grassquit Tiaris olivacea U/E Summer Tanager P. rubra C/E Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia j acarina A/E Scarlet Tanager P. olivacea U/E Thick-billed Seed-Finch Oryzoborus funereus C/E Hepatic Tanager P. flava R/M Black-striped Sparrow Arremonops conirostris A/E Crimson-collared Tanager Phlogothraupis sanguinolentus R/E 1 Recorded in vicinity by T. Guindon, October 1995; not during Scarlet-rumped Tanager Ramphocelus passerinii A/E this study Red-throated Ant-Tanager Habia fuscicauda O/L 2 Recorded near Colonia Blanca by T. Guindon, May 1996; not Shining Honeycreeper Cyanerpes lucidus A/E during this study Red-legged Honeycreeper C. cyaneus U/E 3 Recorded in vicinity by D.S. Cooper, V. Emanuel and B. Lyon, Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana C/E January 1997; not during this study Scarlet-thighed Dacnis D. venusta C/E, U/L– M Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza C /E–P Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus C/E Daniel S. Cooper Greyish Saltator S. coerulescens R/E Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cali­ Black-faced Grosbeak Caryothraustes poliogaster A /L–P fornia, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.

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