ISSN: 2224-0616 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (1): 58-63, June, 2017 Available online at http://www.ijarit.webs.com

IMPACT OF GENETICALLY IMPROVED FISH SPECIES AND TECHNOLOGY ON SELECTED HATCHERY AND FISH PRODUCTION IN

M.S. Islam1, A.H.M. Kohinoor2, M.M. Rahman3*, M.M. Haque4

Received 30 April 2017, Revised 4 June 2017, Accepted 26 June 2017, Published online 30 June 2017

Abstract

The study was carried out in IAPP commanding areas from July to September 2015. A total of 8 hatchery and 240 farmers were selected for this study from Rangpur and region. About 153% Tilapia production increased which was from 34 to 86 lakh, which was 148% in . Thai koi production was increased about 320% in Rangpur and it was 152% in Barisal. It was observed that, per hatchery Tilapia profit was Tk. 17.35 lakh and Tk. 17.18 lakh in Rangpur and Barisal, respectively. While, total profit was 3.9 times more for Thai koi in Rangpur and it was about 1.7 times more in Barisal after IAPP-BFRI project implementation. Impact of improved germplasm on grow out system was estimated. Finding shows that before IAPP-BFRI project the average harvesting weight of tilapia fish was 122g but after using IAPP-BFRI germplasm, it increased to 194g in Rangpur district. In case of Thai Koi, the harvesting weight gain was 26% in Rangpur district and it was statistically significant at 1% level. Survey results also show that per acre profit was only Tk.86671 for Tilapia farming before IAPP whereas it was increased to Tk. 234853 after IAPP-BFRI intervention. At the same time, profit from Thai Koi was increased about 189% after IAPP- BFRI activities. Similarly, profit was increased about 86% in case of Pangus farming and this positive impact was statistically significant at 1% level. Therefore, it may conclude that, farmers can significantly increase Tilapia, Thai Koi and Pangus production as well as can maximize profit using IAPP technology.

Keywords: Genetically Improved, Hatchery, Fish Production, Bangladesh

1Senior Scientific Officer, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, -2201, Bangladesh. 2Principal Scientific Officer, Freshwater Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh. 3Scientific Officer, Freshwater Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh. 4Associate Professor, Graduate Training Institute, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

*Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] (M.M. Rahman)

Introduction

Bangladesh is endowed with unique aquatic hectare yield from ponds only 3.0 tones per year. resources for fish and fisheries development. The This can further be augmented. The yield of inland water resources of this country are inland fisheries is therefore could be increased considered to be one of the richest in the world substantially through adopting appropriate both in terms of area and its potential for aquaculture technologies and judicious as well as fisheries development. Fisheries sector is efficient uses of existing resources. However, contributing in food security through proving safe sustainable aquaculture technologies as well as and quality animal protein; almost 60% animal quality fish fry are required in this country for protein comes from fish. It contributes 3.69% to increasing production of fisheries. our national GDP and around one fourth (23.12%) to the agricultural GDP (FRSS, 2016). It Integrated Agricultural Productivity Project provides full time employment to about 1.20 (IAPP) is donor funded project. This project is million people and generates part time implemented by Ministry of Agriculture and employment for 11 million people. Around 10% of Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh. total export earnings come from fisheries. It was Under this project eight agencies (DAE, DLS, argued that rural aquaculture plays a significant DOF, BADC, BARI, BRRI, BFRI and SCA) are role in Bangladesh in view of its contribution working together to promote productivity of towards national food and nutritional security, crops, livestock and fish. During 2011-16, with the rural job opportunities and income (Mazid and financial assistance GAFSP, BFRI has been Sinha, 2000). Rural aquaculture thus needs much working for developing improved generation of more attention now than ever before. Although GIF tilapia, Thai Koi and Pangus. During the Bangladesh is rich in vast water resources but per timeframe, BFRI have successfully developed 04

58 Islam et al. (2017) Impact of genetically improved fish species on fish production in Bangladesh generation of GIF tilapia, 03 generation of Thai Analytical technique Koi and 02 generation of Pangus through Data, thus collected, were analyzed in accordance selective breeding. These improved generations with the objectives of the study. In this study, the were distributed to eight selected private tabular technique of analysis was used. The hatcheries of Rangpur and Barisal region for tabular technique of analysis included mass seed production. These selected hatcheries classification of the data in the form of tables. It is are being produced millions of quality fry from generally used to find out the crude association of BFRI supplied improved generation and sold out difference between two sets of variables. This among IAPP fisheries group member. The IAPP technique is based on arithmetic mean, group members were growing table sized fish for percentage, ratio, etc. economic welfare. The present study was Results undertaken to analyze the potential impact of quality fry production in hatcheries and culturing Table 1 shows the average fry production and its the improved generations on fish production and profitability status in Rangpur and Barisal profitability of fish farming. district. Fry of Tilapia production has reached to about 87 lakh per hatchery per year after IAPP Materials and Methods implementation, which was only 35 lakh before the project implying that Tilapia fry production The investigation was carried out in IAPP areas has increased about 148% in Rangpur district. from July to September 2015. Integrated Same success was observed in Barisal. About Agricultural Productivity Project (IAPP) worked 153% Tilapia production has increased which is in 54 upazillas in Rangpur, Kurigram, from 34 lakh to 86 lakh. On the other hand, a , Nilphamari, Barisal, Jalokathi, significant change has occurred in case of Thai and Borguna. The survey schedule was koi in Rangpur district. Thai koi production has prepared to record the required information on increased about 320% in Rangpur and it was various aspects of fish farming activities. A total 152% in Barisal. Cost of production has increased of 8 hatchery and 240 farmers were selected from with fry production but profitability has increased Rangpur and Barisal region for this study. After significantly for both places and species. It is the schedule was finalized, the selected farmers found that per hatchery Tilapia profit was Tk. were interviewed individually by personal 17.35 lakh and Tk. 17.18 lakh in Rangpur and interviews when they had little work on the Barisal, respectively. On the other hand, total farms. Before the actual interview was made, the profit was 3.9 times more for Thai koi in Rangpur aim and purpose of the study were explained to and it was about 1.7 times more in Barisal after each hatchery operator and farmers. IAPP implementation. Therefore, it can be concluded that, a significant success has achieved in case of fry production and profit in hatchery.

Table 1. Average fry production status.

Rangpur Barisal Particulars Fish Before After Increase Fish Before After Increase Species IAPP IAPP (%) Species IAPP IAPP (%) Fry Tilapia 35.00 86.76 148 Tilapia 34.00 85.93 153 produced/year/ Pangus Farm Thai Koi 5.00 21.00 320 26.00 65.60 152 (Lakh) Tilapia Tilapia 10.50 10.20 (0.30 148 (0.30 25.78 153 Total cost of Fry 26.03 Tk./fry) Tk./fry) production Thai Koi Pangus (Lakh) 1.60 10.40 (0.32 6.72 320 (0.40 26.24 146

Tk./fry) Tk./fry) Tilapia Tilapia (0.50 17.50 43.38 148 (0.50 17.00 42.96 152.71 Total return of Tk./fry) Tk./ fry) Fry production Thai Koi Pangus (Lakh) (0.60 3.0 12.60 320 (0.70 25.20 45.92 82.22 Tk./fry) Tk./fry) Total profit Tilapia 7.00 17.35 148 Tilapia 6.8 17.18 152.65 (Lakh) Thai Koi 0.85 3.72 337 Pangus 14.80 19.68 32.97 No of farmer Tilapia 205 426 107 Tilapia 178 360 102 collected fry Thai Koi 54 262 385 Pangus 96 257 168

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (1): 58-63, June, 2017 59 Islam et al. (2017) Impact of genetically improved fish species on fish production in Bangladesh

It was found that after IAPP implementation, percent in Rangpur and from 82 percent to 90 fertilization rate for Tilapia fingerling has percent in Barisal. Survival rate shows the increased about 13 and 16 percent in Rangpur significant improvement which was increased and (Table 2). It was 11 percent about 8 to 9 percent for Tilapia and for Thai Koi it and 5 percent for Thai Koi in Rangpur and Barisal was increased about 9 percent after IAPP respectively. On the contrary, hatching rate has implementation. increased for Tilapia from 84 percent to 95

Table 2. Average survival status during incubation.

Rangpur Barisal Particulars Fish Before After Increase Fish Before After Increase Species IAPP IAPP (%) Species IAPP IAPP (%) Fertilization Tilapia 80 90 13 Tilapia 80 93 16 (%) Thai Koi 75 83 11 Pangus 78 82 5 Hatching Tilapia 84 95 13 Tilapia 82 90 9 (%) Thai Koi 82 85 4 Pangus 79 85 8 Survival Tilapia 80 86 8 Tilapia 81 88 9 (%) Thai Koi 76 83 9 Pangus 80 85 6

Table 3 shows the average survival rate of fry and weight was gained from 140 mg/fry to 200 weight of fry after treatment. Survival rate of fry mg/fry during hormone treatment in Rangpur during hormone treatment has increased about and it has increased from 120 mg/fry to 270 10 and 9 percent in Rangpur and Barisal for mg/fry in Barisal. Tilapia, respectively. On an average, average

Table 3. Average survival status of fry during hormone treatment.

Rangpur Barisal Particulars Fish Before After Increas Fish Before After Increase Species IAPP IAPP e (%) Species IAPP IAPP (%) Survival rate 83 91 10 83 91 9 of fry Average Tilapia Tilapia weight of fry 140 200 120 270 43 125 after mg/fry mg/fry mg/fry mg/fry treatment

Table 4 shows the survival rate of fry and average project. In Barisal survival rate was good (82%) weight gain of fry after treatment during primary and it also increased to 88 percent after project nursing stage. It was found that after IAPP implementation. In Rangpur, about 180 percent survival rate of Tilapia increased about 16 percent weight has gained for Tilapia after project and 8 percent in Rangpur and Barisal, implementation and it was 140 percent in Barisal. respectively during nursing period. On the other On the other hand, weight has gained about 88 hand, survival rate was very low (55%) before the percent for Thai Koi in both places. IAPP project for Thai Koi in Rangpur but it reached to 67 percent after commencement of the

Table 4. Average survival status during primary nursing stage.

Rangpur Barisal Particulars Fish Before After Increase Fish Before Increase After IAPP Species IAPP IAPP (%) Species IAPP (%) Survival Tilapia 70 81 16 Tilapia 85 92 8 rate of fry Thai Koi 55 67 22 Pangus 82 88 7 Average Tilapia 3.0 8.4 180 Tilapia 5.0 12.0 140 weight of fry after Pangus treatment Thai Koi 4.0 7.5 88 25.0 47.0 88 (g)

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (1): 58-63, June, 2017 60 Islam et al. (2017) Impact of genetically improved fish species on fish production in Bangladesh

Table 5 shows how many people were trained structure, after project implementation, hatchery through this project and how much area has area was increased from 8 acre to 13 acre in increased due to project implementation. It was Rangpur district but there no change was found that after project implementation, average observed in Barisal. On contrary, breeding pond hatchery staff increased about 60 percent and 80 area has increased about 66 percent and 50 percent in Rangpur and Barisal district, percent in Rangpur and Barisal, respectively. On respectively. Through this project, a total of 6 the other hand, nursery area has increased from 5 hatchery staffs were trained in Rangpur and it acre to 7 acre in Rangpur and it has increased was 8 staff in Barisal. In case of physical from 4 acre to 7 acre in Barisal.

Table 5. Capacity building (Manpower & Infrastructure).

Particulars Rangpur Barisal Before After Increase Before After Increase IAPP IAPP (%) IAPP IAPP (%) Average hatchery Staff (No.) 10 16 60 10 18 80 Average hatchery staff trained 2 6 200 3 8 166 (No.) Physical Structure Area of hatchery (Acre) 8 13 50 30 30 0 Breeding pond (Acre) 3 5 66 10 15 50 Nursery pond (Acre) 5 7 40 4 7 75

Grow out Results the average weight of tilapia fish was 122 (g) per fish at harvesting time but after using IAPP Impact of IAPP was estimated in various steps of technology, it increased to 194 gm per fish in production such as harvesting weight gain, Rangpur district. It implies that farmers are able production gain, survival rate increased, to gain about 59% harvesting weight using IAPP production cost increased or decreased and profit technology in Rangpur district, which was earn. Table 6 shows the average harvesting statistically significant at 1% level. In case of Thai weight of Tilapia and Thai Koi in greater Rangpur Koi, the harvesting weight gain was 26% (from 80 and Barisal district. Two sample mean gm to 101 gm) in Rangpur district and it was comparison test was performed to estimate statistically significant at 1% level. whether the impact of IAPP technology is significant or not. Finding shows that before IAPP

Table 6. Average harvesting weight (g) of Rangpur and Barisal region.

Harvesting weight (g) Particulars Fish Species Before IAPP After IAPP Increase (%) t-value Tilapia 122 194 59 12.93 Rangpur Thai Koi 80 101 26 18.05 Tilapia 127 170 34 17.65 Barisal Pangus 741 1035 40 16.06

Tilapia and Pangus species was used to assess the Thai Koi and Pangus in Rangpur and Barisal impact of IAPP technology in Barisal district. district (Table 7). Result reveals that per acre Result shows that before IAPP, on an average per Tilapia fish productivity increased 1.99 times tilapia weight was 127 g at harvesting time but it after using IAPP technology and it has reached to grew up to 170 gm after IAPP. It implies that 4799 kg acre-1. On the other hand, a remarkable about 34% harvesting was gain from per tilapia change has been achieved in Thai Koi. Before after using IAPP technology and this gain was IAPP, farmers were able to produce about 2002 statistically significant at 1% level. On the other kg Thai Koi in one acre of pond area but after hand, about 40% harvesting weight was gain using IAPP technology, farmers produced 3655 (from 741 g to 1035 g) from per fish after using kg Thai Koi within the same area of pond implies IAPP technology in case of pangus species and that 82% productivity can be increased through this gain was significant at 1% level. using IAPP technology in case of Thai Koi. This productivity gain was statistically significant at To assess the impact of IAPP on productivity, per 1% level for both species of fish. acre fish production was estimated for Tilapia,

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (1): 58-63, June, 2017 61 Islam et al. (2017) Impact of genetically improved fish species on fish production in Bangladesh

Table 7. Average production (kg acre-1) of Rangpur and Barisal region.

Production (Kg acre-1) Particulars Fish Species Before IAPP After IAPP Increase (%) t-value Tilapia 2413 4799 99 15.29 Rangpur Thai Koi 2002 3655 82 28.56 Tilapia 2489 3195 28 14.20 Barisal Pangus 7810 11176 43 17.57

On the other hand, farmers were able to increase Pangus in one acre of pond area but it has production about 28% in case of Tilapia after increased to 11176 kg after IAPP project. using IAPP technology in Barisal district. The Before, IAPP project, the survival rate was 82% productivity increased from 2489 kg acre-1 to 3195 kg acre-1, which was significant at 1% level. A and 77% for Tilapia and Thai Koi respectively in notable achievement was found in case of Pangus Rangpur district but after IAPP project, it has production in Barisal. Result reveals that on an increased to 91% and 89%, respectively (Table 8). average Pangus productivity has increased about On an average, survival rate was increased 10% 43% after using IAPP technology. Before IAPP and 15% for Tilapia and Thai Koi, which was statistically significant at 1% level. technology, farmers produced only 7810 kg

Table 8. Average survival rate of Rangpur and Barisal region.

Survival rate Particulars Before t-value Fish Species After IAPP Increase (%) IAPP Tilapia 82 91 10 19.55 Rangpur Thai Koi 77 89 15 20.56 Tilapia 72 90 25 48.18 Barisal Pangus 74 89 20 27.03

On average, 25% survival rate has increased for In this section, we only show the comparative Tilapia which was 72% before IAPP but after scenario of production cost for before and after IAPP is increased to 90%. On the other hand, IAPP. Finding shows that, production cost was Pangus survival rate has increased about 20% Tk. 56 for producing per kg of Tilapia fish before (from 74% to 89%) and it was statistically IAPP but after project, it increased to Tk. 66 significant at 1% level. This increase of survival implies that production cost has increased about rate was lead to increase the productivity and 17% for Tilapia in Rangpur region. Alternatively, profitability of the farm. cost for per kg Thai Koi production has increased about 15% (from Tk. 70 to Tk. 81) and these increases was statistically significant (Table 9).

Table 9. Average Production cost (Tk./kg) of Rangpur and Barisal region.

Production cost (Tk/kg) Particulars Fish Species Before IAPP After IAPP Increase (%) t-value Tilapia 56 66 17 15.44 Rangpur Thai Koi 70 81 15 14.99 Tilapia 68 84 23 28.04 Barisal Pangus 73 84 15 15.81

On the other hand, Tilapia production cost was Table 10 represents per acre profit on the basis of higher in Barisal compared to Rangpur. Before species in Rangpur and Barisal region. Result IAAP, per kg Tilapia production cost was only reveals that per acre profit was only Tk.86671 for Tk.68, which grew upto Tk. 84 after IAAP, Tilapia farming before IAPP whereas it increased implies that about 23% production cost has to Tk. 234853 after IAPP i.e. profit increased 2.7 increased after IAAP implementation for Tilapia times or 170% after IAPP in Rangpur region. At in Barisal region. On the contrary, cost of Pangus the same time, profit from Thai Koi has increased production has increased by 15% in Barisal after about 189% after IAPP (from Tk. 78273 to Tk. IAPP technology, which is same as Rangpur. 226976). These increased rates were statistically significant at 1% level.

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (1): 58-63, June, 2017 62 Islam et al. (2017) Impact of genetically improved fish species on fish production in Bangladesh

Table 10. Average profit (Tk./acre) of Rangpur and Barisal region.

Net Profit (Tk/acre) Particulars Fish Species Before IAPP After IAPP Increase (%) t-value Tilapia 86671 234853 170 16.54 Rangpur Thai Koi 78273 226976 189 24.15 Tilapia 71550 118300 65 14.39 Barisal Pangus 116000 215833 86 16.84

On the other hand, the percentage of increase of (2003) stated that the major constraints of carp profit is comparatively lower in Barisal than farming were lack of money and production cost. Rangpur region. In case of Tilapia, per acre profit Khan et al. (1998) identified that the lack of increased about 1.65 times which was statistically knowledge about fish culture was one of the most significant at 1% level. Similarly, profit increased important problems. Hossain et al. (1992) about 86% after using of IAPP technology in case observed that the largest problems faced by the of Pangus farming and this positive impact was fish farmers are multiple ownerships. statistically significant at 1% level. Therefore, it may conclude that, farmers can significantly Acknowledgement increase Tilapia, Thai Koi and Pangus production The authors are grateful to the World Bank for as well as can maximize profit using IAPP providing funds through Integrated Agricultural technology. Project (IAPP), Bangladesh to carry out this study. Discussion References Before involvement with IAPP, most of the farmers stocked fry from local fry traders. But FRSS. 2016. Fisheries Statistical Report of after involvement with IAPP, farmers stocked fry Bangladesh. Fisheries Resources Survey in their ponds from selected IAPP assisted System (FRSS), Department of Fisheries, hatchery to ensure good quality fish fry for Bangladesh. 31: 57. increased fish production. After engaged with Hossain, M.S., Dewan, S., Islam M.S. and IAPP, most of the farmers of followed BFRI Hossain, S.M.A. 1992. Survey of pond fishery evolved technologies to get more fish production. resources in a village of Mymensingh Prior to IAPP, the farmers’ average fish district. Bangladesh J. Aqua. 14-16: 33-37. production of Tilapia, Koi and Pangus were 2,451, Islam, M.R. and Haque M.R. 2010. Impacts of 2,002 and 7,810 kg acre-1, respectively. After Northwest Fisheries Extension Project involvement of IAPP intervention, the farmers’ (NFEP) on pond fish farming in improving fish productions were 3,997; 3,655 and 11,176 kg livelihood approach. J. Bangladesh Agril. acre-1, respectively. Islam and Haque (2010) Univ. 8(2): 305-311. stated that the average yield was 1,144 kg acre-1 in Khan, A.N.M.I., Rahman, M.M. and Islam M.A. Northwest Fisheries Extension Project, which was 1998. Factor causing difficulty in pond fish remarkable less than the present study. culture in a selected area of Mymensingh According to FRSS (2016), the national average district. Bangladesh J. Aqua. 20: 23-27. pond fish production in Bangladesh was 1,558 kg Mazid, M.A. and Sinha, V.R.P. 2000. acre-1. From the above, fish production was being Bangladeshe Grameen Matsyachash increased because of the involvement with IAPP Parikalpona Abang Unnayan in BFRI, and farmers used genetically improved fry and Proceedings of the National Seminar on BFRI evolved culture technology for their culture Rural and Coastal Aquaculture in Poverty management. Alleviation, BFRI, Mymensingh, Bangladesh,

Fish farming has a positive impact on aquaculture Fish Week. pp. 23-33. production but numerous types of constraints Rahman, M.M. 2003. Socio-economic aspects of affect potentiality of fish farming in the Rangpur carp culture development in , and Barisal region. Very poor retention capacity Bangladesh. M.S. Dissertation, Department of soil, sudden tidal flow, flash flood, sudden of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh cyclone, lack of loan facilities, low quality and Agricultural University, Mymensingh. 83p. scarcity of fish seeds in proper time etc. Rahman

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