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Two New Species of Burmeistera (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae) from the Cordillera De Talamanca of Costa Rica and Panama, with a Key to the Central American Species

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Two New Species of Burmeistera (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae) from the Cordillera De Talamanca of Costa Rica and Panama, with a Key to the Central American Species Systematic Botany (2015), 40(3): pp. 914–921 © Copyright 2015 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists DOI 10.1600/036364415X689339 Date of publication September 22, 2015 Two New Species of Burmeistera (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae) from the Cordillera de Talamanca of Costa Rica and Panama, with a Key to the Central American Species Laura P. Lagomarsino,1,4 Daniel Santamaría Aguilar,2 and Nathan Muchhala3 1Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, 22 Divinity Avenue, Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, U. S. A. 2Current address: Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U. S. A. 3Department of Biology, University of Missouri– St. Louis, R428 Research Building, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, U. S. A. 4Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Ricarda Riina Abstract—Two new species of Burmeistera (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae) from the Cordillera de Talamanca are described, illustrated, and discussed with reference to similar species. One species, B. serratifolia, is endemic to Panama, while the second, B. monroi, is known from both Panama and Costa Rica. Additionally, these species are included in a dichotomous key to all Central American species of Burmeistera. Keywords—Asterales, Central America, Mesoamerica, Talamanca Mountains, taxonomy. Burmeistera Triana, with ~120 species, is the fourth larg- though the infrageneric taxonomy established in Wimmer est genus of Lobelioideae in the family Campanulaceae (1943) does not reflect evolutionary relationships (Muchhala (Lammers 2007). Species are found in the understory of cloud and Lammers 2005; Knox et al. 2008; Lagomarsino et al. forests from Guatemala through northernmost Peru, but are 2014). Although a new infrageneric taxonomy is still out- absent in Belize, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. The highest standing, taxonomic knowledge of Burmeistera has substan- species diversity of Burmeistera occurs in the northern Andes of tially improved since Wimmer’s treatment. There are now Colombia and Ecuador (Garzón Venegas et al. 2014; Jeppesen floristic treatments for the genus for most countries in 1981; McVaugh 1949). The genus comprises herbaceous to which it occurs, including Guatemala (Nash 1976), Costa suffruticose plants that are terrestrial or hemi-epiphytic. As in Rica (Wilbur 1975), Panama (Wilbur 1976, 1981), Colombia all Lobelioideae, Burmeistera is characterized by protandrous (ongoing), Ecuador (Jeppesen 1981), and Peru (Stein 1987). flowers: anthers are fused into an anther tube which releases The ongoing floristic treatment of Colombia alone has pollen through the initial male phase as the style elongates resulted in the description of at least 10 new species and within; the stigma then emerges from this tube, unfolds, and several range extensions (Garzón Venegas and González becomes receptive (Erbar and Leins 1995; Leins and Erbar 2012; Garzón Venegas et al. 2012; Garzón Venegas et al. 2006). Flowers are typically green or dark maroon and adapted 2014; Garzón Venegas et al. 2013). Additionally, recent to bat pollination, although some are yellow or pink, and at research on the pollination biology of Burmeistera has resulted least one species is known to be hummingbird pollinated in the description of new species (Muchhala and Lammers (Muchhala 2006b). Fruits are berries, which are often inflated 2005; Muchhala and Pérez 2015) and a better understanding or brightly colored and spongy. of the ecology and evolution of the group (Muchhala and Burmeistera is a subclade of the centropogonids, a clade Potts 2007; Muchhala 2003, 2006a, 2006b, 2007). that also includes the large Neotropical genera Centropogon The Cordillera de Talamanca, shared between Costa Rica C. Presl and Siphocampylus Pohl (Lagomarsino et al. 2014). and Panama, is home to 21 species of Burmeistera, the highest This clade is unique within Lobelioideae for the combination species diversity outside of the Andean mountains. This of its Neotropical distribution, woody habit and corolla tube mountain range stretches 320 km from the vicinity of San José that is entire, neither fenestrate nor dorsally cleft (Lammers and Cartago, Costa Rica to just beyond the Costa Rica- 2002; Muchhala and Lammers 2005). Unlike in Centropogon Panama border (Janzen 1983). The flora of the Cordillera and Siphocampylus, the monophyly of Burmeistera is strongly de Talamanca, which has strong phytogeographical affinities supported (Antonelli 2008; Knox et al. 2008; Lagomarsino with the northern Andes (Gentry 1982; Kappelle et al. 1992), et al. 2014). Morphological synapomorphies of Burmeistera is extremely diverse, particularly at mid-elevation. Impor- include a dilated anther orifice and seeds that are much tant habitats in the Talamanca mountain range include longer than broad (Lammers 1998). Additionally, most spe- cloud forests, oak forests, bogs, and the westernmost páramos cies of Burmeistera have ebracteolate pedicels (Lammers 1998). (Luteyn 1999). A large portion of this cordillera is protected At least two lineages of green-flowered, bat-pollinated Centropogon by the Parque Internacional La Amistad (PILA), a UNESCO species are successively sister to Burmeistera; together, this World Heritage Site shared between Costa Rica and Panama. clade is known as the burmeisterids and is defined morpho- Here, we describe two new species of Burmeistera native logically by a ventricose, inflated corolla throat (Lagomarsino to the Cordillera de Talamanca: B. monroi and B. serratifolia. et al. 2014). We also provide a key to all known species of Burmeistera Burmeistera is a taxonomically difficult genus (Wilbur native to Central America. 1975, 1976). This is in part due to the wide overlap of char- acters between species and morphological variation within species, such as in the widespread B. cyclostigmata Donn. Materials and Methods Sm. and B. vulgaris E. Wimm. The last comprehensive taxo- ’ Herbarium specimens, including types, of Central American Burmeistera nomic treatment of the genus was Wimmer s monograph of were examined at A, CR, GH, INB, MO, NY, PMA, and SCZ (herbarium Lobelioideae for Engler’s Das Pflanzenreich (Wimmer 1943), abbreviations and throughout follow Thiers [2013]). Additional type 914 2015] LAGOMARSINO ET AL.: TWO NEW SPECIES OF BURMEISTERA 915 specimens were accessed from the Global Plants Initiative website Silencio, 09°06′61″N, 82°58′03″W, 2,500 m, 01 Sep 2001 (fl), E. Alfaro & (http://plants.jstor.org/). Material was examined under a Leica Stereo- O. Esquivel 3716 (MO). Zoom 5 binocular microscope. Terminology in the taxonomic treatment PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Cordillera de Talamanca, headwaters of and dichotomous key largely follows Wilbur (1975, 1976, 1981). The the Río Culubre, 6 airline km NW of the peak of Cerro Echandi on the dichotomous key is adapted from Wilbur (1975, 1976, 1981) and Costa Rican-Panamanian international border, 2,450–2,600 m, 02–03 March includes the countries of occurrence for each species in parentheses (COL: 1984 (fl & fr), G. Davidse et al. 25196 (CR, DUKE[image]). Colombia; CR: Costa Rica; ECU: Ecuador; G: Guatemala; H: Honduras; P: Distribution and Habitat—Burmeistera monroi is restricted Panama); these data were obtained from herbarium specimens, as well as from the Tropicos database (http://www.tropicos.org/). to the Parque Internacional La Amistad, where it is found on both the Costa Rican and Panamanian sides of this pro- tected area. It grows in cloud forests on the Caribbean slope of the Cordillera de Talamanca between 2,100–2,900 m. The Taxonomic Treatment elevational range occupied by Burmeistera monroi is high for its genus, though not exceptional. — Burmeistera monroi D. Santam. & Lagom., sp. nov. TYPE: Phenology—Specimens of Burmeistera monroi were col- PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Ridges leading to Río Teribe, lected in flower in February–April and September. All except ′ ″ NE most ridge of Cerro Fábrega ridge, 09°09 07 N the September collections were also in fruit. This suggests a ′ ″ 082°51 52 W, 2,900 m, 07 Mar 2006 (fl), A. K. Monro & long flowering season, but phenology in the rest of the year S. Knapp 5225 (holotype: PMA!; isotype: BM!). is unknown. — Terrestrial herb 0.6–1 m in height, with ascending branches, Etymology It is an honor to dedicate this new species – producing white latex; branches 1.5–3mmindiameter, to the British botanist Alexandre K. Monro (1968 ), investi- fistulose, reddish to purple in living material, drying yellow- gator at the Kew Royal Botanic Gardens in London and ish, indumentum villose with septate trichomes, internodes world authority of Urticaceae. Monro has led many botani- 1.8–5.5 cm long. Leaves distichous or spirally arranged; cal expeditions into the Cordillera de Talamanca and Parque petiole 0.4–1.6 cm long, villose; blade 4.9–12.1 × 2.5–3.4 cm, Internacional La Amistad in Costa Rica and Panama that elliptic or narrowly elliptic, apex acuminate, base cuneate, have substantially increased our understanding of the bio- margin dentate, 2 short teeth per cm, round or minutely tri- diversity in this species-rich region. During one of these trips, angular; venation semicraspedodromous, with 6–12 pairs Monro collected the type specimen of the species that we of lateral nerves, flat and barely visible on the adaxial sur- describe here in his honor. — face, elevated on the abaxial surface; adaxial surface glabrous; Notes Burmeistera monroi is distinguished by its straight, abaxial surface pubescent, especially over the veins. Flowers
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