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Documento Completo Descargar Archivo La Plata, 2018 2018I A mi cano, León, mi fiel compañero y amigo por siete años, que junto a Tigre juegan entre las estrellas. A mis pepas y pepo que día tras día tienen que lidiar con mis locuras. A mi familia, que sin ellos no estaría hoy acá… II Í NDÍCE Agradecimientos…………………………………………………………………...VI Resumen…………………………………………………………………………..VIII Abstract………………………………………………………………………………X Capítulo 1: Introducción a las serpientes ¿Qué son las serpientes?…………………………………………………………………2 Las Serpientes fósiles………………………………………………………...…….........8 Objetivos……………………………………………………...………………………...12 Hipótesis…………………………………………………………...…………………...13 Abreviaturas institucionales……………………………………………………………14 Capítulo 2: Materiales y Métodos Materiales utilizados …………………………………………………………..….........17 Métodos: Preparación de los materiales…………………………………………………..21 Introducción a la osteología…………………………………………………….22 Introducción al encéfalo………...………………………………………………29 Metodología de análisis………………………………………………………………...32 Paleoecología…………………………………………………………………………...43 Capítulo 3: El Cretácico por Dinilysia patagonica Resumen de antecedentes sobre serpientes cretácicas de América del Sur…………….48 Introducción: nuevas evidencias anatómicas…………………………………………...49 Caracterización filogenética de Dinilysia patagonica a través del tiempo…………….51 Procedencia y datos históricos………………………………………………………….54 Contexto geológico………………………………….………………………………….56 Paleontología sistemática………………………………………………………………58 III I. Osteología a) Holotipo: Redescripción de la anatomía vertebral……………………..………61 b) Material referido. Ejemplar MCF-PVPH 517………………………………….75 c) Material referido. Ejemplar MLP 79-II-27-1…………………………………..82 II. Anatomía Endocraneana a) Generalidades Introducción a la morfología del endocraneo…………………………………….87 ¿Qué representa exactamente un molde endocraneano natural?............................87 Estructura del encéfalo de serpientes actuales y anatomía endocraneal…………89 b) Descripción del molde endocraneano natural de Dinilysia patagonica (79-II-27- 1)………………………………………………………………………………..98 III. Paleoecología a) Estimación de tamaño…………………………………………………………107 b) Modo de vida de Dinilysia patagonica………………………………………..109 Capítulo 4: Paleógeno: Una nueva serpiente del Noroeste de Argentina. Resumen de antecedentes sobre serpientes paleógenas de América del Sur………….115 Los Madtsoiidae, un grupo extinto de serpientes………………………………..……117 Contexto geológico………………………………………………………………...….123 Paleontología sistemática……………………………..…………………………..…..126 I. Osteología a) Región precloacal………………………………..……………………..……..133 b) Región cloacal………………………………..……………………..………...141 c) Región caudal………………………………..……………………..…………142 II. Relaciones Filogenéticas………………………………………………………….144 III. Paleoecología IV a) Estimación de tamaño…………………………………………………………146 b) Modo de vida …………………………………………………………………149 Capítulo 5: Diversidad, Distribución y Paleoclimas Diversidad, distribución cronológica y biogeográfica de las serpientes sudamericanas………………………….………….………………………………….153 I. Cretácico a) Condiciones generales……………………………..……….…………..……..153 b) Las serpientes del Cretácico………………………………..…………………156 II. Paleógeno………………………………………………………………………….164 a) Paleoceno i) Condiciones generales…………………..……..……….…………..……..165 ii) Las serpientes del Paleoceno…….……………………..…………………166 b) Eoceno i) Condiciones generales…………………..……..……….…………..……..170 ii) Las serpientes del Eoceno……………..………………..…………………172 c) Oligoceno i) Condiciones generales…………………..……..……….…………..……..175 ii) Las serpientes del Oligoceno.…………..………………..……………..…176 Capítulo 6 Conclusiones…………………………………………………………………...180 Perspectivas futuras……………………………………………………………184 Bibliografía………………………………………………………………………..185 V AGRADECÍMÍENTOS Son numerosas las personas que pasaron en distintos momentos de mi vida, y que, de un modo u otro, me llevaron a que hoy cumpliera con una de mis metas, doctorarme. Decir gracias creo que es poco, para esas personas que día a día están conmigo. Desde muy chica tuve fascinación por los animales, algo que se los debo a mis papas, Hebe y Martin, y no olvidarme de mi tío coco que me llevaba a caballo a la laguna a buscar huevos. Al criarme en el interior de la provincia, yo vivía juntando todo lo que estaba a mi alcance y lo mostraba como triunfo. Este entusiasmo por los animales se lo quise trasmitir a mi sobrino Pato, pero no tuve muchos éxitos aún…. Aunque ahora parece que lo estoy logrando con la más peque, Cami. Al pasar los años comenzó a entrarme el gustito por la paleontología, y en casa me alentaron para que siguiera este camino, gracias, mil gracias…. A quien les debo mucho, y les agradezco de todo corazón, son a mis directores, Adriana Albino y Jorge Williams. Ellos confiaron en mí, en que podía hacer esto, y sin eso sé que acá no estaría. A la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de la UNLP le debo mi carrera de grado y postgrado, me dio un lugar importante donde expresarme y formarme. A Hugo López y Silvia Ametrano, que me permitieron ingresar a la División Zoología de Vertebrados del Museo de La Plata. A la secretaria de postgrado de FCNyM, especialmente a Mirta García, quienes supieron orientarme en momentos complicados. A CONICET por confiar y otorgarme la beca para llevar a cabo este trabajo. Las instituciones que me permitieron visitarlos para ver sus materiales o trabajar con sus profesionales, como es el caso del Centro Nacional Patagónico (M. Teresa Dozo), Fundación Miguel Lillo (Jaime Powell, Pablo Ortiz), Museo Bernardino Rivadavia (Alejandro Kramarz y Stella Álvarez), Museo Carmen Funes (Rodolfo Coria), Museo Egidio Feruglio (Eduardo Ruigomez), sección Paleontología de Vertebrados Museo de La Plata (Marcelo Reguero), Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata (Adriana Albino). VI Durante los años de la tesis fueron numerosas las personas que me ayudaron de una u otra manera. Cuesta, Juan Ignacio del Hospital San Juan de Dios y Epele, M. Bernarda de Y-Tec quienes fueron los encargados de realizar las tomografías computarizadas. Eduardo Tonni quien permitió que los técnicos de la colección me ayudaran con la preparación del material. Javier Posik y Laila Toledo quienes me ayudaron con la preparación del Taxón A. Juan Moly quien me daba una mano con las herramientas que me faltaban. Marcelo Reguero a quien a cada rato molestaba para ver los materiales y sacar fotos. Guillermo López, quien me ayudo con temas de mamíferos. A Cecilia Morgan que siempre estuvo cuanta pregunta se me cruzaba por la cabeza… Agradezco al laboratorio 105 de Herpetología del Anexo, que tienen que aguantar mis nervios. A Fede que lo torturo pidiendo ayuda con estadística, como a Chelu, Dani y Moni…. Mil gracias chicos!!!!!... A mi compañera de laboratorio, Melina Velasco, una gran compañera que hace que los días sean más corto y llevaderos, y super agradecida de que me ayuda en cuanto puede, en fotos, en charlas… gracias Meli…. A Sebastián Apestegüía quien me hizo re-amigar con la paleo con la ida al campo. A Martina Charnelli que después de tanto trabajo logramos lo que queríamos…. La tapa!!!!! A mis compañeros de carrera Santi, Dami, Aron, Ricky, Fer, a los que encontré en el camino Guada, Mari y Egly, mis compañeros de buffet. A mis compañeros de catedra el gran grupo del TEF, gracias por aguantarme…. Y como decimos internamente aguante comisión M, jajaja… A mis hermanas del alma Jupi y Naty que decirles… las amo, no puedo pedir tener mejor amigas porque ya las tengo…. A Belu, Chelu, Pi y las chicas de cerámica, las aristogatas infinitamente gracias…. Me ayudan cada día a estar mejor conmigo misma, cosa que no es poca…. A Carlos, que es una persona muy importante en mi vida y que cuando estaba sin ánimos me saco adelante, Gracias…. Y no quiero olvidarme de ellos, mis bichos, que los amo con toda el alma, que me dan la fuerza todos los días para seguir adelante… Seguramente a lo largo de esta lista de alguien me he olvidado, yo sé que cada uno de ellos saben que hizo en mí y que siguen haciendo. Por eso les digo Gracias de todo Corazón. Sin ustedes hoy no estaría acá. A todos Gracias Totales…. Laura, Laurita, Lali, Trivi, Bagüi… VII RESUMEN El presente trabajo de Tesis Doctoral tiene como objetivo el análisis anatómico de restos inéditos de serpientes del Cretácico y Paleógeno de Argentina, así como la revisión actualizada de la distribución espacial y temporal de las serpientes durante el Cretácico y Paleógeno sudamericano en el marco de la evolución climática y faunística continental. Se realizó el análisis anatómico de restos craneanos y postcraneanos de la serpiente Cretácica Dinilysia patagonica¸ incluyendo la redescripción de las vértebras del holotipo y el estudio de un molde endocraneano natural. El estudio incluyó materiales de una nueva localidad (Barreales Norte) del Santoniano (Fm Bajo de la Carpa) de la provincia del Neuquén que corrobora la presencia de la especie al norte del Río Neuquén. Por primera vez se documenta la anatomía blanda del encéfalo de una serpiente fósil basado en el molde endocraneano preservado en uno de los ejemplares. Para su estudio, se diseccionaron y analizaron ejemplares actuales de serpientes, con los cuales el molde fue minuciosamente comparado. La estimación de un tamaño mediano- grande para esta serpiente, la anatomía craneana y vertebral, y la morfología del encéfalo permiten sostener que Dinilysia patagonica habría tenido un modo de vida semi-fosorial. Con respecto al Paleógeno, se describió una nueva especie de serpiente (Taxón A) atribuible a la familia extinta Madtsoiidae, procedente de niveles del Paleoceno tardío-Eoceno temprano
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