Dùthchas Na Mara Dúchas Na Mara Belonging to the Sea Barraigh Barra
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Dùthchas na Mara Dúchas na Mara Belonging to the Sea Barraigh Barra Árainn MhÓr Arranmore BUIDHEACHAS Air fhoillseachadh an 2012 ISBN 978-0-9529089-8-2 Air a rannsachadh is air a sgrìobhadh le Iain MacFhionghain is Ruth Ní Bhraonáin Dealbhan, bhideo is saothair-ealain a’ chòmhdaich le Steafan Hurrel Air a dhealbhadh le Bakkal Dùthchas na mara Air a chur gu Gàidhlig le Rody Gorman A’ sgrùdadh nam freumhan cultarail ri strì-mara ann Air a chur an clò le Buidheann-clò MhicThòmais an coimhearsnachdan Gàidhealach ann an Alba ‘s ann an Èirinn BUÍOCHAS Iain MacKinnon Dáta foilsithe 2012 (Scottish Crofting Federation) ISBN 978-0-9529089-8-2 and Taighde is scríobh ag Iain MacFhionghain is Ruth Ní Bhraonáin Grianghraif, físeán is saothar ealaíne an chlúdaigh ag Stiofán Hurrel Dúchas na mara Ruth Brennan Dearadh ag Bakkal Ag iniúchadh na bhfréamhacha cultúrtha le coimhlint (Scottish Association for Marine Science) Aistrithe go Gaeilge ag Rody Gorman Curtha i cló ag Clódóirí Mhic Thomáis mhuirí i bpobail Ghaelacha in Éirinn is in Albain CREDITS Published in 2012 Stephen Hurrel © the authors (text) and photographer (photos) Dealbhan / Grianghraif / Photography ISBN 978-0-9529089-8-2 Researched and written by Iain MacKinnon and Ruth Brennan Belonging to the sea Photographs, video and cover artwork by Stephen Hurrel Exploring the cultural roots of maritime conflict on Gaelic Designed by Bakkal Translated by Rody Gorman speaking islands in Scotland and Ireland Printed by J. Thomson Colour Printers Cùl-fraoin nor is it to argue for or against the way in which they are responding to Tha an obair-sgrùdaidh seo a’ togail CÚLRA ina bhfuil siad ag freagairt ar an bhagar a the threat they are feeling. Instead, cheistean mu ghnè bhunaiteach na strì sa mhothaíonn siad. Ina áit sin, amharcann an this account looks behind the political bheil dà choimhearsnachd Ghàidhlig ann Cuireann an saothar taiscéalaíoch BACKGROUND faireachdainn a th’ ann. An àite sin, tha cuntas taobh thiar den naimhdeas pholaitiúil antagonism to explore shared maritime an eileanan — an dara tè ann an Alba is an seo ceisteanna fá ghné níos doimhne an tuairisgeul seo a’ sealltainn air cùlaibh le cleachtaí comónta muirí agus prionsabail traditions and principles of belief and an nàimhdeis phoilitigich gus dualchas tè eile ann an Èirinn — air a bhith an sàs o den choimhlint a deachaigh dhá This exploratory work asks questions fá chreidiúint is iompar sa dá phobal conduct in these two Gaelic speaking is beachdan a bhuineas ris a’ mhuir san chionn beagan bhliadhnaichean a-nis. Ann chomharsanacht Ghaelacha - cionn in about the deeper nature of conflict Ghaelacha seo a chíoradh — deighilte communities — divided by state dà choimhearsnachd Ghàidhealach seo a an 2012, tha an dà choimhearsnachd seo a’ Éirinn agus cionn in Albain - i ngleic that two separate Gaelic-speaking le teorainneacha stáit ach aontaithe i boundaries but united in aspects of cur gu dubh an aghaidh mhodhan a thaobh sgrùdadh — is iad air an dealachadh le léi le blianta beaga anuas. In 2012, island communities — one in Ireland ngnéithe de theanga is de chultúr — a language and culture — that may be co-dhùnaidh aig buidhnean-riaghaltais aig a crìochan-stàite ach air an toirt còmhla tá an dá chomharsanacht seo ag cur and one in Scotland — have become d’fhéadfadh a bheith ag spreagadh na motivating the resistance manifest on bheil mar raon-ùghdarrais nithean ceangailte a thaobh nithean ceangailte ri cànan is go gníomhach in éadan phróiseas embroiled in during recent years. In frithbheartaíochta isan dá oileán in éadan both islands to the legislation of the ris an àrainneachd nàdarra sa bheil na cultar - a dh’fhaodas brosnachadh mar a 2012, both these communities find h-eileanaich a’ fuireach a dhìon. cinnteoireachta comhlachtaí rialtais a tha an dà eilean gu follaiseach a’ cur an reachtaíocht na stát a rialíonn iad. Pléann states that rule them. It also examines bhfuil de shainchúram orthu gnéithe den themselves actively opposing decision- aghaidh reachdas nan stàitean a tha gan sé ionstraimí idirnáisiúnta beartais fosta international policy instruments that are San dà eilean, tha iasgairean den bheachd timpeallacht nádúrtha a bhfuil cónaí ar na making processes of government bodies riaghladh. Tha i cuideachd na sgrùdadh air a bhaineann le fios traidisiúnta agus le relevant to traditional knowledge and gu bheil an teachd-an-tìr is an dògh-beatha hoileánaigh a chosaint. whose remit is to protect aspects of reachdas eadar-nàiseanta mu phoileasaidh hoidhríocht chultúrtha. cultural heritage. aca fo bhagairt aig buidhnean cumhachdach the natural environment in which the a tha ceangailte ri eòlas dùthchasach agus nach eil a’ toirt cluas-ri-claisneachd Isan dá oileán, creideann na hiascairí island people live. dualchas cultarail. Cuireann an taighde s’againn i gcéill Our research suggests that at the dhaibh. Ann am Barraigh, buinidh an strì ri go bhfuil a ngléas beatha is a slí go bhfuil ag croí na dtuairimí is an heart of these beliefs and conduct molaidhean le buidheann gleidheadh-nàdair mhaireachtála fá bhagar ag institiúidí On both islands the fishermen believe Tha an rannsachadh againn a’ cur an cèill gu iompair seo modh labhartha Gaelach le is a particular Gaelic expression of a Riaghaltas na h-Alba, Dualchas Nàdair cumhachtacha nach mbíonn ag éisteacht that their livelihood and way of living bheil aig cridhe nam beachdan is a’ ghiùlain mothúchán uilíoch daonna a chur in iúl: an feeling that is universally potential in na h-Alba, dà àrainn gleidheadh-mara leofa. In Oileán Bharra, baineann an is being threatened by powerful seo dòigh-labhairt a tha gu sònraichte mothúchán go mbaineann tú le háit, agus human beings: the sense of belonging ainmeachadh ann an uisgeachan far an t-aighneas le moltaí de chuid comhlachta institutions who are not listening to Gàidhealach mu fhaireachdainn a tha an do fhreagracht as an áit sin. Ó thaobh na to a home place, and of responsibility eilein (a chaidh aonan dhiubh a cheadachadh caomhnaithe dúlra Rialtas na hAlbana, them. On Barra the dispute centres comas mhic-an-duine air feadh na cruinne- Gàidhlige de, glactar an mothúchán seo — for that place. In the Gaelic context, anns an Ògmhios 2012 gus a bhith air Oidhríocht Dúlra na hAlbana, dhá limistéar around proposals by the Scottish cè: an fhaireachdainn a thaobh a bhith a’ a chuir an fear léinn Gàidhlige cliúiteach this feeling — described by the great ainmeachadh le Riaghaltas na h-Alba agus caomhnaithe mara a ainmniú in uiscí Government’s nature conservation buntainn ri àite, agus an t-uallach a th’ ort Iain Mac Aonghuis in iúl mar ’fuinneamh Scottish Gaelic scholar John MacInnes thathar a’ feitheamh air co-dhùnadh mun amach ón oileán (a bhfuil cionn amháin acu body, Scottish Natural Heritage, airson an àite sin. A thaobh na Gàidhlig mothúcháin’ — leis an fhocal nach dtig a as a form of ‘emotional energy’ — tè eile). Aig an aon àm sna h-eileanan ann i Meitheamh 2012 ceadaithe fá choinne to designate two European marine dheth, tha an fhaireachdainn seo - air an aistriú go furast ‘dúchas’ (sa Ghaeilic) nó is encapsulated by the not easily an Tìr Chonaill — Arainn Mhòr nam measg ainmniúcháin le Rialtas na hAlbana cheana conservation areas in waters off the do ghabh an sgoilear mòr Gàidhlig Iain ‘dùthchas’ (sa Ghàidhlig). translateable word ‘dúchas’ (in Irish) or — buinidh an deasbad ris an dàil a chuir féin agus an cionn eile ag feitheamh ar island (one of which, at the time of Mac Aonghuis seòrsa de ‘lùth-mothachaidh’ ‘dùthchas’ (in Scottish Gaelic). Riaghaltas na h-Èireann air iasgaach-nan chinneadh). San am chéanna ar oileáin writing in June 2012, has already been — air a glacadh leis an fhacal nach gabh Gidh go mbaineann an focal ‘dúchas/ tionndadh gu furasta, ‘dùthchas’ (ann an lìon-siabaidh agus na bacaidhean mòra a Thír Chonaill — Árainn Mhór san áireamh approved for designation by the Scottish dùthchas’ leis an talamh - thig sé ón fhocal While ‘dúchas/dùthchas’ is a word of Gàidhlig) no ‘dúchas’ (ann an Gaeilge). rèir nan eileanach a chaidh a chur air a’ — baineann an t-aighneas le moratorium Government while the other awaits a Gaeilice ‘dú/dùth’ a chiallaíonn ‘talamh’ nó the land — it is derived from the Gaelic chomas a th’ aca iasgach le lìn nan cuid Rialtas na hÉireann ar iascach an bhradáin decision). Meanwhile on the Donegal ‘tír’ - cuireann an taighde s’againn i gcéill go word ‘dú / dùth’ which can mean ‘earth’ uisgeachan fhèin. Ged a tha ‘dùthchas / dúchas’ ceangailte ris le sruthlíonta agus na srianta millteanacha islands — including Arranmore — the an fhearann — tha e a’ tighinn bhon fhacal síneann an fuinneamh mothúcháin fá bhaint or ‘land’ — our research suggests that de réir na n-oileánach a cuireadh ar a dispute is about the Irish Government’s is fá fhreagracht a chuireann an focal in iúl the emotional energy of belonging and Chan e adhbhar na h-obrach seo beachdan Ghàidhlig ‘dùth/dú’ aig a bheil a’ bhrìgh gcumas iascach le heangacha ina gcuid moratorium on drift-net fishing for go dtí na huiscí thart fán dúchas. responsibility the word conveys extends nan eileanach fhìreanachadh seach brìgh ‘talamh’ no ‘fearann’ - tha an rannsachadh salmon and on what the islanders feel a thoirt air falbh bhuapa gu bheil iad fo uiscí féin. againn a’ cur an cèill gum buin an lùth- to the waters around the homeland. bhagairt; cha mhotha chan e argamaid are crippling restrictions that have been mothachaidh is an t-uallach an lùib an Ar an ábhar sin, is é an rud atá fáidear taobh seach taobh mun dòigh sa bheil iad Chan é feidhm na hoibre seo mothúcháin placed on their ability to fish with nets fhacail ris na h-uisgeachan timcheall air an dúinn cuntas a thabhairt ar sa tuarascáil Therefore, what we are seeking to a’ freagairt air a’ bhagairt a bhios iad a’ na n-oileánach go bhfuiltear ag bagar in their local waters.