INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH & ANALYSIS (ISSN 2582 – 6433)

VOLUME 2 ISSUE I (May 2021)

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DISCLAIMER

No part of this publication may be reproduced or copied in any form by any means without prior written permission of Managing Editor of IJLRA. The views expressed in this publication are purely personal opinions of the authors and do not reflect the views of the Editorial Team of IJLRA.

Though every effort has been made to ensure that the information in Volume I Issue X is accurate and appropriately cited/referenced, neither the Editorial Board nor IJLRA shall be held liable or responsible in any manner whatsever for any consequences for any action taken by anyone on the basis of information in the Journal.

Copyright © International Journal for Legal Research & Analysis

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EDITORIAL TEAM

EDITORS Ms. Ezhiloviya S.P. Nalsar Passout

Ms. Priya Singh West Bengal National University of Juridical Science

Mr. Ritesh Kumar Nalsar Passout

Mrs. Pooja Kothari Practicing Advocate

Dr. Shweta Dhand Assistant Professor

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ABOUT US

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH & ANLAYSIS ISSN 2582-6433 is an Online Journal is Quarterly, Peer Review, Academic Journal, Published online, that seeks to provide an interactive platform for the publication of Short Articles, Long Articles, Book Review, Case Comments, Research Papers, Essay in the field of Law & Multidisciplinary issue. Our aim is to upgrade the level of interaction and discourse about contemporary issues of law. We are eager to become a highly cited academic publication, through quality contributions from students, academics, professionals from the industry, the bar and the bench. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR LEGAL RESEARCH & ANALYSIS ISSN 2582-6433 welcomes contributions from all legal branches, as long as the work is original, unpublished and is in consonance with the submission guidelines.

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Women Hood

By : Sakshi Singh

INDEX

 ABSTRACT  INTRODUCTION  METHODOLOGY  WOMEN’S SCENARIO IN AGAINST WOMEN  SOME MEASURES TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT TO PRIORITIZE GRIL CHILD:  RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TACKLING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN:  CONCLUSION:  SUGGESTIONS:

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ABBREVIATION

 UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN'S FUND (UNICEF)

 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME (UNODC)

 CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (CBSE)

 PREVENTION OF SEXUAL (POSH)

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ABSTRACT have always been a matter of concern Women are seen as second-class people by the general public and society Though we admire and preach them in the name of Druga, Sarasvati, Parvati, and Kali, we also assault her in the form of child , , , sexual exploitation, , and so on. Over the millennia, the role of women in India has undergone many significant changes. From a relatively unknown status in ancient times to the low points of the mediaeval era, to the progress of fair justice by many reformers, the history of women in India has been a vibrant one. Throughout history, the role of women has changed. Violence toward women is partially a consequence of gender relations, in which men are considered superior to women. Because of women's inferior status, much gender abuse is accepted as natural and socially sanctioned. Physical assault, such as blows of varying severity, burns, attempted hanging, sexual harassment and rape, and psychological brutality, such as slurs, ridicule, bullying, , economic or emotional attacks, and power over speech and behavior, are examples of manifestations of violence. against women and girls is typically secret for a variety of motives. The emergence and dissemination of aggressive behavior are associated by cultural and social influences. KEYWORDS: Sexual Harassment, Rape, Female Infanticide, Dowry, , India, Women. INTRODUCTION Sexual, emotional, social, bullying and assault include violence against women. Following such an attack, the health of the injured women deteriorates. It negatively affects the health of women. Research has shown that at least at one point of one woman out of 5 is faced with violence. Violence is part of the inequality between men and women. In culture, there is a myth that men are always stronger than women and that some of them view this as an advantage and use coercion on women. It comprises kidnapping, humiliation of people, forced prostitution, dowry killing, , stalking and acid attack. Violence towards women is described by the United Nations as any act, force, or danger that causes sexual, physical, or psychological damage to women. Globally, it has been discovered that intimate partners are responsible for about 38% of all confirmed female cases. Maharashtra (37144 cases), Uttar Pradesh (59853), Rajasthan (41550), Western Bengal (30394), Assam is States in India that have noted the highest number of cases in previous years (30025). In 2019, India registered 4,05,861 incidents of violence against women, if women are treated equally with all privileges and rights, the female population should account for 50% of the total population of 136 crores. However, is that the case? Women make up just 48% of the workforce. Some of the rests are never born, some die

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due to malnutrition and the killing of girl child. Violence not only affects teenagers or elderly women but begins well before the birth of a girl. METHODOLOGY To cover each part of the topic and address the research problem, this project used the explanatory method of analysis. Only secondary data sources were included in this paper study. The research was carried out by several online books, websites, posts, journals, e-reports and publications. These references and information are well understood and examined in order to plan this report, to clarify the research objectives and to conclude the research issues. WOMEN’S SCENARIO IN INDIA Women in India Over the millennia, the status of women in India has undergone many significant changes. The history of women in India has been eventful, from a relatively unknown role in ancient times to the low points of the mediaeval era to the promotion of equal rights through several reforms. The current status of women cannot be adequately understood without referring to the preceding model of womanhood from which it developed and the mechanism by which it grew. As a result, the status of women has been traced by splitting history into three historical periods:  Ancient society  Medieval society  Modern society. I. Women in Ancient society:

Women also had the same standing in ancient India as men in all areas of life. With the and the Islamic conquest of Babur and the Mughal empire in 500 B.C., women's status started to deteriorate, and later Christianity curtailed women's equality and rights. Women enjoyed rights, status, and popularity in society for a short time, but this did not last long, and women eventually returned to an indoor lifestyle. II. Women in medieval society:

The status of Indian women in society deteriorated further during the mediaeval era, when sati, child , and a ban on widow remarriages became part of social life in some Indian societies. The or temple women were abused sexually in many parts of India. In particular, polygamy was practice by Hindu rulers in Kshatriya. Women lost their identity in the 18th century and, physically and mentally, by the beginning of the 19th century, male dominance was thoroughly and vigorously sublimated. III. Women in modern society:

Influence on social reforms led to greater workforce activity by women as well as other activities

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during the 19th and earliest periods of the 20th centuries. In India, social structure, cultural values, and belief structures all play a part in determining women's status and place in society. India has one of the most remarkable sets of laws for women. Protective segregation in favor of women by the administration. CRIME AGAINST WOMEN  RAPE:

Rape is the 4th most prevalent crime against women in India, one of the most heinous atrocities perpetrated in our society against a female. Rape occurs when a man engages in sexual intercourse, i.e., inserts his penis, to some degree, into the vagina, mouth, urethra, or anus of a woman or forces her to do so with him or any other person; or inserts, to any extent, any object or a part of the body, other than the penis, into the vagina, urethra, or anus of a woman or forces her to do so with him which manipulates some portion of a women's body to induce intrusion into the vagina, urethra, anus, or any other part of her body, or forces her to do so with him or another human; or applies his mouth to the vagina, anus, or urethra of a woman, or forces her to do so with him or another person, under any of the following seven descriptions:

1. Against her will.

2. Without her consent.

3. With her consent, when her consent has been obtained by putting her or any person in whom she is interested, in fear of death or of hurt.

4. By getting her consent by pretending to be her husband.

5. When she does not understand the nature and consequences of what she has consented to because of unsoundness of mind or under the influence of alcohol.

6. With or without her consent, when she is under eighteen years of age.

7. When she is unable to communicate consent

 Related provision to prevent rape:  Section 376 - Punishment for Rape.  Section 376A - Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative stage of victim.  Section 376B - Sexual Intercourse by Husband upon his wife during separation.  Section 376C – Sexual Intercourse by Person in Authority.

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 Section 376D - Gang Rape.

 Case:  Anil Lakra And Ors. vs State of West Bengal on 14 July 2006.  The State of Maharashtra vs Amin Shaikh Khwaja And Ors on 26 July,2017.

 CRUELTY DOWRY DEMAND:

The ‘Dowry System' in India took place back to mediaeval times as a gift of gold, jewels, electrical equipment, furniture, bedding, crockery, utensils, cars, and other household goods provided by the bride's family to the groom, his parents, and relatives in order to preserve freedom and assist the newlyweds in setting up their residence. In modern India, these patterns are now enforced by increasing bride prices and a rise in violence against women. At times women are driven to without any alternative because of dowry abuse.  Related act to prevent dowry system:

 Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 –

Section 3 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 states that "the provision for giving or taking dowry should not apply to presents given to the bride or bridegroom at the time of a marriage where no demand for them has been made."  –

“The death of a woman caused by any burns or bodily injury or occurs otherwise than in normal circumstances within seven years of her marriage and it is shown that just before her death she was subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or any relative of her husband for, or in connection with, any demand for dowry, such death shall be punishable under Section 304B of the , 1860.” Anyone who commits dowry death will be sentenced to a minimum of seven years in jail, with the possibility of being sentenced to life in prison.  Case:  Kans Raj vs State of Punjab & Ors on 26 April 2000.  K. Prema S. Rao And Anr vs Yadla Srinivasa Rao And Ors on 25 October,2020.

 GENDER DISCRIMINATION 10 www.ijlra.com Volume 2 Issue I| May 2021 ISSN: 2582-6433

After leaving their parental home and becoming a married woman, Indian girls are still discriminated against in various fields such as health, education, and employment based solely on their gender. Many baby girls are found to be aborted, lost, malnourished, or intentionally ignored in society. In states like Haryana, the girl-to-boy ratio is even lower than in other states. Being a traditional housewife woman or a girl or woman who grew up in a joint family does not eat good healthy food because they are constantly forced to compromise on certain aspects. As a result, they have suffered from protein deficiency, calcium deficiency, and other disorders. In many countries, including India, girls are restricted from pursuing higher education in many states. As a result, the Indian government has initiated a number of schemes to protect girls' lives, as well as initiatives such as "Beti bachao, Beti padao."  Constitutional Privileges related to gender discrimination.  According to Article 14: “Equality before law for women”  According to Article 15 (i): “The State not to discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, , sex, place of birth or any of them”.  According to Article 15 (3): “The State to make any special provision in favour of women and children”.  According to Article 16: “Equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State”.  According to Article 39(a): “The State is directed to ensure the policy towards securing for men and women equally the right to an adequate means of livelihood”.  According to Article 39(d): “Equal pay for equal work for both men and women”

related to gender discrimination –  For protecting human rights of women ‘International Bill of Human Rights’ ensure an extensive set of rights to all persons including women. The Part III of the Convention states the requirement of the States parties to take necessary steps for eliminating gender discrimination, which includes –  According to Article 10: “Women shall be provided the facilities to build their career and vocational guidance too as to the men”.  According to Article 11: “State Parties should eliminate the discrimination against women in the field of employment”.  According to Article 12 & 13: “State Parties shall take step to eliminate discrimination against women in the field of health care, economic and social life respectively etc.

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 FEMALE FOETICIDE:

Female foeticide is an evil procedure under which a human abort a foetus after a sex determination test, often known as prenatal diagnostic testing, reveals that it is female.  Reasons of female foeticide:

The heinous killings of girls were justified mostly on the basis of two factors: culture and religion. One of the most main causes of female foeticide is a preference for a male child over a female child. Males are thought to provide manual labour and to be the family's breadwinners, in addition to carrying on the family legacy. In the majority of cases, a female infant is selectively aborted because a male child is valued more culturally than a female child. In today's world, a family's son is regarded as a “asset," while its daughter is regarded as a "liability." The second cause is financial strain, which stems from the fear of having to invest a large sum of money on a daughter's . It is not uncommon for parents to have to borrow or even sell their own home to pay for their daughter's wedding. Many times, they are forced to take out loans that will be repaid by future generations, putting a financial burden on a girl child that many families are unable to bear.  Related act to prevent Female foeticide–

Preconception or prenatal sex determination is a heinous offence in India, according to the Pre- Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994.  Case  Shri Gurudas Dasgupta Called the Attention of The Minister of Health ... on 18 December, 2006.  Voluntary Health Ass. Of Punjab vs Union of India & Ors on 8 November 2016.

 CHILD MARRIAGE:

Child marriage is described by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) as the practise of marrying before the age of eighteen, which is a violation of human rights. Child marriage has been a dangerous manifestation in India for many years, and it is often difficult to confront because of its roots in traditional, cultural, and religious security. “Child lacks chances for schooling and segregation from family and friends, and faces sexual abuse, early pregnancy and health threats, child more prone to domestic violence, higher infant mortality rate, low weight births, pre-mature delivery, etc.” are some of the negative effects of child marriage.  Related act to prevent Child marriage–  Prevention of Child Marriage Act 2006 –

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The Prevention of Child Marriage Act 2006 was enacted by the Indian government to replace the Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929. “Enabling laws to ban child marriage, protect and offer relief to victims, and increase penalties for those who abet, encourage, or solemnize such marriage,” according to the new Act victim and enhance punishment for those who abet, promote or solemnize such marriage”.  Case:  Manish Singh vs State Govt Of Nct And Ors. on 7 December 2005.  Dev Kishan and Ors. Lrs. Of Kishan ... vs Ram Kishan and Ors. on 9 May 2002.

 ACID ATTACK:

Acid throwing, also known as an acid attack, is a form of aggressive assault that involves throwing acid or another corrosive material into another person's body with the intent to disfigure, maim, torture, or kill them. Acid is spat at the victims' faces, commonly on their faces, burning them and destroying skin tissue, sometimes revealing and often dissolving the bones. Blindness, as well as lasting scarring of the face and body, as well as far-reaching social, psychological, and economic effects, can be long-term consequences of these assaults.  Related provision to prevent acid attack:  Section 100 - when the right of private defence of the body extends causing death.  Section 326 A - Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc.  Section 326 B - Voluntarily throwing or attempting to throw acid.

 Case:  Parivartan Kendra & Anr vs U.O.I & Ors on 7 December 2015.  Sabana Khatun vs The State of West Bengal & Ors on 28 February 2014.

 HUMAN TRAFFICKING:

Human trafficking, according to the UNODC, is described as the procurement, transportation, relocation, harbouring, or receiving of people for the purpose of abuse by the use or use of force or other modes of coercion/deception. Women are trafficked for a variety of reasons, including prostitution, trafficking, organ trafficking, and servitude. In this situation, the consent of the involved party is irrelevant. Poverty, displacement, and presence of foreign organised crime organisations or networks are all factors that contribute to human trafficking. The Indian government is making significant strides to reduce the rate of human trafficking.

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 Related provision to prevent human trafficking:  Section 370 - Trafficking of person.  Section 370(A) - exploitation of a trafficked person.  Section 371 - habitual dealing in slaves.  Section 372 - selling minor for the purpose of prostitution.  Section 373 - Buying minor for the purpose of prostitution.  Case:  Apne Aap Women Worldwide Trust ... vs The State of Bihar & Ors on 20 November 2014.  U. Gopakumar vs State of Kerala on 29 October 2019.

 SEXUAL HARASSMENT AT WORKPLACE:

Another threat for women is sexual assault at workplace. Unwanted sexual advances, such as unwelcome contact, sending sexual messages, making sexual jokes, and sending pornography, are commonplace among female employees. They are also enticed to do sexual favours with higher-ups in exchange for a promotion or job protection. While describing sexual assault can seem simple, it is not always so.  Related act to prevent harassment at workplace:

In 2013, the Indian Parliament passed Sexual Harassment of Women in the Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, that popularly known as the POSH Act. Anyone shall be punishable with a fine of fifty thousand rupees (INR 50,000) for violating the act. If any employer subsequently commits and is convicted for the same offense as earlier under this Act, he shall be liable for twice the punishment even with extended penalties such as –  Cancellation or withdrawal of his license.  Non-renewal or cancellation of the registration.  Case:  Sri Subrata Kumar Choudhury vs State Bank of India & Ors on 3 September 2008.  Shital Prasad Sharma vs State of Raj and Ors on 6 April 2018.

 OBSCENITY AND PORNOGRAPHY:

Pornography is described as written or visual content that contains the detailed depiction or exhibition of sexual organs or behaviour in order to elicit sexual arousal or that appears lewd to a

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responsible reader. The representation of sexual subject matter for the purpose of sexual arousal is known as pornography. Pornography can be used in a number of forms, such as books, magazines, postcards, photos, sculpture, illustration, painting, animation, sound capture, film, video, and video games, as well as websites. The prevalence of illicit websites containing lewd and pornographic content has resulted from the increased usage of information technologies, such as the Internet and communication devices.  Related provision to prevent pornography:  Section 292 - sale of obscene book.  Section 293 - sale of obscene book to young person.  Section 294 - obscene acts and songs.  Information Technology Act,2000  Section 66E - Punishment for violation of privacy.  Section 67 - Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form.  Section 67A - Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form.  Section 67B - Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form.  Case:  Avnish Bajaj vs state on 29 may, 2008.  Kamlesh Vaswani vs union of India and ors on 26 feburary,2016.

SOME MEASURES TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT TO PRIORITIZE GRIL CHILD: Schemes of the government Both the Central and State governments in India have launched many female child welfare projects with the aim of transforming the social mindset against girls and improvement.  Following are the few schemes:

1) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao: This scheme, implemented by the Central Government of India, helped eradicate gender inequality, to protect girl child, educate girl child and encourage their participation.

2) Balika Samriddhi Yojana: The Balika Samriddhi Yojana is a scholarship initiative that provides financial support to young

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girls and their families who live in poverty. The key purpose of the scheme is to improve the social status of girls, raise the marriage age and improve the education and enrolment of girls for school studies.

3) Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana: Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana is a one-of-a-kind government-sponsored savings programme that encourages a girl child to be the primary account holder while the parent or legal guardian is a joint account holder. The account should be opened until the girl child reaches the age of 10, and deposits must be made for 15 years from the date of account opening or before the girl child marries, whichever comes first; however, the scheme matures after 21 years.

4) National Scheme of Incentive to Girls for Secondary Education: It is a pan-India initiative run by the Ministry of Human Resource Development's Department of School Education and Literacy. It mostly benefits girls from India's backward classes. A fixed deposit of Rs. 3000 will be made on behalf of a deserving girl. She will redeem the money with interest after she has completed the 10th grade and is 18 years old.

5) CBSE Udaan Scheme: The Central Board of Secondary Education manages and runs the CBSSE Udaan scheme for girl children on behalf of the Ministry of Human Resource Development of the Government of India. The aim of this programme is to increase the number of girls enrolled in prestigious engineering and technical colleges across India. The scheme aims to boost girl students' educational experiences, with a particular focus on girl students from socially deprived backgrounds.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TACKLING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN:

I. Education and employment: Education plays an important role in raising consciousness about violence and the actions that can be done in the event of a crime. Improving education quality helps in the development of opportunity for youth, allowing them to become self-reliant and autonomous.

II. Moral and religious value: The children should be inherited by their parents, teachers and relatives with certain decent manner and moral principles from their childhood age. A child has developed the character that makes him or her responsible person in the upcoming years. Good help from the relatives

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increases the prognosis considerably.

III. Law enforcement: Enforcement of the law should be effective and responsive. Since laws prohibit the criminal offence and discipline the convicted, stringent sentences should be introduced such that no one of them repeats the same offence.

IV. Control on media: Pornography has to be specifically prohibited and it contributes to certain offences. As it was said, 63% of young people have access to and have access to porn that is harmful to society. Pornography should also be prohibited. Good themes should be predicted that denounce and glorify the victim's recovery.

CONCLUSION:

From the research and methodology carried out it comes to a conclusion that various laws have been passed to safeguard woman’s interest. But no measures taken to implement it. Laws are being made but no women are to claim their right under immense pressure because of religious ideology. It has been found that women are not united as a grander when it comes to rights of women but untied for rights for religious reservation.1

SUGGESTIONS

1) There should be Speedy legal assistance and case solving. 2) Government should increase colleges and schools’ scholarships for girls. 2 3) 50% Reservation for women in government jobs in various reservations allowed to different caste like SC ST OBC etc.

1 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.medicinenet.com/rape/definition.ht m&ved=2ahUKEwjkn_ry15jwAhWJA3IKHbKUAwQQFjAIegQIDBAC&usg=AOvVaw3xL- V75wznWqz5KS9vIqQ4&cshid=1619329364154

2 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1279834/&ved=2ah UKEwjsm6aR2ZjwAhU2wjgGHf_PA8sQFjAKegQIHhAC&usg=AOvVaw08leOoQG5JZLd34SYVqjKn&csh id=1619329687077

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4) There should be Separate medical facilities for women. 5) Private companies to get subsidy for employment of women to encourage women for employment. 6) All expenses of a delivery to be bare by government if a girl child is born so no abortion is done illegally.3

REFERENCE LIST  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://m.freepre ssjournal.in/article/lifestyle/international-womens-day-2020-which-indian- goddess-do-you-identify-with/dfb56338-80ff-4beb-9d24- 240d90056464&ved=2ahUKEwj02rCW15jwAhVYAXIKHa9XCxIQFjAAeg QIAxAC&usg=AOvVaw3to14t83Uhxx0dBNUny-6d&cf=1  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.soci ologydiscussion.com/status-of-women/status-of-women-in-india-ancient- medieval-and-modern- sociology/13526%23:~:text%3DThe%2520historical%2520analysis%2520of %2520the,was%2520as%2520subordinate%2520to%2520men.&ved=2ahU KEwjrvrqz15jwAhWzlEsFHTbXDDcQFjABegQIAxAF&usg=AOvVaw3vLo ddHFJICw8UyomAOoJ_&cshid=1619329237998  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.you rarticlelibrary.com/women/status-of-women-in-ancient- india/47636&ved=2ahUKEwjrvrqz15jwAhWzlEsFHTbXDDcQFjAKegQID RAC&usg=AOvVaw13nmSLVPUR7asORWtsCak-&cshid=1619329259910  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.you rarticlelibrary.com/women/status-of-women-in-modern- india/47637%23:~:text%3DAll%2520the%2520men%2520and%2520wome n,protection%2520to%2520women%2520against%2520exploitation.&ved=2 ahUKEwi7gc3T15jwAhWPXCsKHUWxDOQQFjABegQIAxAF&usg=AOvV aw2D0414g-o-ZFVuN_YVb4Bc&cshid=1619329287581

3 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://devgan.in/ipc/section/376C/&ved=2ahUK EwiprILF2ZjwAhX9zTgGHQ4DAgEQFjAMegQIIxAC&usg=AOvVaw2O6Bdcii9Pa9pcYki_R_CG

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 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/668689/&ved=2ahUKEwj8oqen2ZjwAhVMumMGHSmxDlkQF jACegQICRAC&usg=AOvVaw1VtfpoYhdQG7wAvYFLcsiW  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://tilakmarg .com/acts/indian-penal-code-ipc-section-376-b-sexual-intercourse-by- husband-upon-his-wife-during- separation/&ved=2ahUKEwj19bq02ZjwAhVSxjgGHcLxBXAQFjALegQICx AC&usg=AOvVaw3KrU0G-pK4OJOLwxeb9ULO&cshid=1619329772851  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/docfragment/457384/%3FformInput%3Drape%2520victim%2527& ved=2ahUKEwiWvvfW2ZjwAhUJ4jgGHUtTBwQQFjAAegQIBRAC&usg= AOvVaw34XboU-RM-IDsqkCMbPOd1  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/24025746/&ved=2ahUKEwjd3I3p2ZjwAhW0zzgGHb2QCrUQF jAAegQICBAC&usg=AOvVaw1X5OlkJIZbdLjyI_6Mym43  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://wcd.nic.in /act/dowry-prohibition-act-1961&ved=2ahUKEwi8- O722ZjwAhU5wzgGHYrlAMMQFjAoegQIIxAC&usg=AOvVaw0DCbJwJo 6UmLaF1kK2Z3nk&cshid=1619329928494  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/653797/&ved=2ahUKEwjkxpiU2pjwAhU2yjgGHULMCLIQFjA AegQIBBAC&usg=AOvVaw1Eb_sG6R1CxiLYvQrhQsPk  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://wiki.ubc.c a/India%2527s_Dowry_System&ved=2ahUKEwjUm- qf2pjwAhVfzjgGHRy6D4YQFjAqegQILxAC&usg=AOvVaw2n2z0aZxM- BIn18evbC4IT&cshid=1619330002361  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/1263837/&ved=2ahUKEwiwpfbQ2pjwAhVQwTgGHXzVA_4QF jAAegQIBBAC&usg=AOvVaw3cB1vxXp9Zba5AgtoHmJb3  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.save thechildren.in/others/gender-discrimination-in-the-indian- society/&ved=2ahUKEwj_5qKX25jwAhXpyzgGHVv_DcEQFjAYegQIIRAC &usg=AOvVaw2NBzzH9KxLgH_yLqoTjmfs&cf=1  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/367586/&ved=2ahUKEwj0mMqt25jwAhVpzDgGHc7gCGIQFjA 19 www.ijlra.com Volume 2 Issue I| May 2021 ISSN: 2582-6433

iegQILhAC&usg=AOvVaw0lsSWJIFVeE8wEqMPJyOa- &cshid=1619330303739  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/1942013/&ved=2ahUKEwiw_JHZ25jwAhVZyzgGHWTcA9UQ FjAKegQICRAC&usg=AOvVaw2miAzatbhRXu1b_AMYjZKm&cshid=161 9330418012  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/1603957/&ved=2ahUKEwi1mJD- 25jwAhVUzzgGHWVCDTUQFjAKegQICBAC&usg=AOvVaw3ltmR0uYgP EHI7O7OLzPfs&cshid=1619330471326  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/211089/&ved=2ahUKEwisgaWW3JjwAhVIzTgGHfZnAHUQFj ADegQIChAC&usg=AOvVaw2S0zswEPDaNT-xIDZKQDCB  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/1331994/&ved=2ahUKEwibwYKp3JjwAhWK3jgGHUxfCCoQF jAMegQIFhAC&usg=AOvVaw1B22TfXnqQTP5ZDQraqnmj  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/555882/&ved=2ahUKEwiA6sa63JjwAhX1wTgGHXkNDZAQFj AKegQICBAC&usg=AOvVaw2Wyay0zII1m_mPsfxz6sFG  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://timesofin dia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/rightpath/female-foeticide- 2780/&ved=2ahUKEwiUtaLt3pjwAhWRzzgGHRmbBJ4QFjAhegQIMhAC &usg=AOvVaw2wjmttQSCN-zfEG4SutJaZ&cshid=1619331227768  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.ncpc r.gov.in/view_file.php%3Ffid%3D434&ved=2ahUKEwi6gc2G35jwAhXVyD gGHV6bAIQQFjAZegQIMBAC&usg=AOvVaw2qAaG9ApEiWNQ7CMYC CljG  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/355622/&ved=2ahUKEwj3o9as35jwAhUYwzgGHVa4BVUQFjA BegQIBBAC&usg=AOvVaw1muujGUKc_fykbwknR8Sh9&cshid=16193313 64252  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/168133848/%23:~:text%3DOf%2520Punjab%2520vs%2520Uni on%2520Of%2520India%2520%2526%2520Ors%2520on%25208%2520No vember%252C%25202016%26text%3DDipak%2520Misra%252C%2520J., 20 www.ijlra.com Volume 2 Issue I| May 2021 ISSN: 2582-6433

of%2520by%2520the%2520singular%2520order.%26text%3D349%2520of %25202006%2520and%2520thereafter,in%2520the%2520other%2520writ %2520petition.&ved=2ahUKEwi- ktfH35jwAhUaxDgGHY0sBaoQFjABegQIAxAF&usg=AOvVaw0teyWvn6s ToJrLXSWTpGEH  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.girls notbrides.org/about-child- marriage/&ved=2ahUKEwjygMrk35jwAhXnyzgGHUeaB0EQFjAmegQIHB AC&usg=AOvVaw1u0b7DiuyqKjCxeeFylz0c  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.unic ef.org/protection/child- marriage&ved=2ahUKEwjygMrk35jwAhXnyzgGHUeaB0EQFjAfegQIIBA C&usg=AOvVaw1CPVo7KvwIidLiNc-r_MOB  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.adv ocatekhoj.com/library/bareacts/prohibitionofchildmarriage/index.php%3FTi tle%3DProhibition%2520of%2520Child%2520Marriage%2520Act,%25202 006&ved=2ahUKEwijwvSu4JjwAhUTwzgGHUcnArUQFjAWegQIFBAC&u sg=AOvVaw2YnbxjBKB7q47Aszj4CXks  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/docfragment/1950248/%3FformInput%3Dsex%2520change&ved=2 ahUKEwi1hOr54JjwAhWJ4zgGHTVoBc0QFjACegQIBBAC&usg=AOvVa w00P7HjFnuMYYrT2k2ScUTH  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/1805713/&ved=2ahUKEwjHwLLM4ZjwAhXF3jgGHd6PDQoQ FjAAegQIBRAC&usg=AOvVaw05KC4FEllJSu8hXp7wTSl3  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.rise coalition.org/what-is-acid- violence/&ved=2ahUKEwjAsITZ4ZjwAhXyyDgGHdxCD0kQFjAQegQIER AC&usg=AOvVaw1Z84e6IM7Td7g9Af_8-N9p  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/714464/%23:~:text%3DWhen%2520the%2520right%2520of%2 520private,exercise%2520of%2520the%2520right%2520be&ved=2ahUKEw iM8bvr4ZjwAhUczDgGHfgeDtoQFjANegQIAxAF&usg=AOvVaw3MhF0jry bGt-MrEAV7MDBR&cshid=1619332027405

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 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://devgan.in /ipc/section/326B/&ved=2ahUKEwiBybD-4ZjwAhW3yjgGHZkWA- gQFjAMegQIGhAC&usg=AOvVaw2MB8a2CRXsr1QkGDIjAiSo  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/1540253/&ved=2ahUKEwia096H4pjwAhVEwjgGHWBICrQQF jAJegQIHBAC&usg=AOvVaw1dtFVThuk_6HkvkiMJYA8W  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/16029001/&ved=2ahUKEwiDyqiT4pjwAhXPyzgGHTLnDZEQF jAAegQIBBAC&usg=AOvVaw04_VQMLzFwTmrcfpau-ZFe  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/143261972/%23:~:text%3DSabana%2520Khatun%2520vs%252 0The%2520State,Ors%2520on%252028%2520February%252C%25202014 %26text%3Drespondent%2520nos.,hospitalised%2520for%2520about%252 018%2520days.&ved=2ahUKEwjStrih4pjwAhXNzTgGHcZKDEYQFjABeg QIAxAF&usg=AOvVaw3Y_yprb4_8OjnC1MGBWpiU  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.dhs. gov/blue-campaign/what-human- trafficking%23:~:text%3DHuman%2520trafficking%2520involves%2520th e%2520use,labor%2520or%2520commercial%2520sex%2520act.%26text% 3DTraffickers%2520use%2520force%252C%2520fraud%252C%2520or,lab or%2520or%2520commercial%2520sexual%2520exploitation.&ved=2ahUK Ewif9vut4pjwAhXqwTgGHYHYCaoQFjABegQIAxAF&usg=AOvVaw1Pw Hcn4t-ZKv6-2MRJT_7g  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/1153041/%23:~:text%3D%25E2%2580%2594Whoever%2520i mports%252C%2520exports%252C%2520removes,also%2520be%2520liabl e%2520to%2520fine.&ved=2ahUKEwjthLy74pjwAhUhzzgGHcRICIEQFjA BegQIAxAF&usg=AOvVaw0qIIBerNSB62nmoBLnHnEW&cshid=16193321 96081  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.lates tlaws.com/bare-acts/central-acts-rules/ipc-section-370a-exploitation-of-a- trafficked- person/%23:~:text%3D(1)%2520Whoever%252C%2520knowingly%2520or ,also%2520be%2520liable%2520to%2520fine.&ved=2ahUKEwjqiunK4pjw

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AhWBxjgGHbMSBMkQFjABegQIAxAF&usg=AOvVaw1RezKYUcp0sLDr 7P2O6oX9  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/586835/&ved=2ahUKEwj1krTU4pjwAhU53jgGHQHWB7kQFj AAegQIBBAC&usg=AOvVaw1VPkzNPrER_jbjnousaFg-  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/1938563/%23:~:text%3D%25E2%2580%2594Whoever%2520se lls%252C%2520lets%2520to%2520hire,to%2520be%2520likely%2520that %2520such&ved=2ahUKEwiw7d3c4pjwAhXRyDgGHahZDj0QFjABegQIA xAF&usg=AOvVaw15U4tVf0360wJqD_hA8YAi&cshid=1619332260231  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/530949/&ved=2ahUKEwiJqvvm4pjwAhVdyDgGHUf7BSoQFjA AegQIBRAC&usg=AOvVaw0L9YDtBtSfw7VfQWS4XV2C  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/83172639/&ved=2ahUKEwji9vOF45jwAhXHyzgGHfJjDXgQFj AAegQIBBAC&usg=AOvVaw3X2cRMPafe7UwRwsRkDwsP  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/137626192/&ved=2ahUKEwiF6KaZ45jwAhVEyjgGHZ0cCroQ FjAAegQIBBAC&usg=AOvVaw2YBirxWVN5Wtq437pxcrgh  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.cult ureamp.com/blog/what-is-sexual-harassment-in-the- workplace/&ved=2ahUKEwjeioWp45jwAhVxzjgGHXb7BWkQFjAIegQIJR AC&usg=AOvVaw0ypRfNhLqS79cgCuCUV-xl  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.m.wiki pedia.org/wiki/Sexual_Harassment_of_Women_at_Workplace_(Prevention,_ Prohibition_and_Redressal)_Act,_2013&ved=2ahUKEwjlk--- 45jwAhVGwTgGHSOcDiUQFjAAegQIBRAC&usg=AOvVaw2ucC3ErcRY9 Jkw4rr3LuWU&cshid=1619332478437  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/73651374/&ved=2ahUKEwjZsqLU45jwAhUkzjgGHUsvAMYQ FjAAegQIBhAC&usg=AOvVaw2yNV7fvnPjof-Te8q0bf8Y  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/164312768/&ved=2ahUKEwi36qve45jwAhVFxjgGHQBBCekQF jAAegQIBBAC&usg=AOvVaw20aesOuFPkyi2MJFD2JfPP

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 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://plato.stan ford.edu/entries/pornography- censorship/%23:~:text%3DPornography%2520is%2520any%2520material %2520(either,words)%2520that%2520is%2520sexually%2520explicit.%26te xt%3DWithin%2520the%2520general%2520class%2520of,(e.g.%252C%25 20Playboy%2520centrefolds).&ved=2ahUKEwi4zpvz45jwAhVR4jgGHbqpD bMQFjABegQIAxAF&usg=AOvVaw2NWOUN-Ud6wYer3lKnUrtG  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/1704109/&ved=2ahUKEwig__3845jwAhWAwjgGHTEVBfkQFj ACegQIChAC&usg=AOvVaw1PQGXLz5yAXN2hkxXqdMXf  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/601866/%23:~:text%3D%25E2%2580%2594Whoever%2520sel ls%252C%2520lets%2520to%2520hire,for%2520a%2520term%2520which %2520may&ved=2ahUKEwiS66qG5JjwAhWcwTgGHWoNDqMQFjABegQ IAxAF&usg=AOvVaw3GTqNRfthvHrk6jizDRQzT  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/594493/&ved=2ahUKEwimnLOO5JjwAhUYyzgGHfS5BVoQFj AAegQIAxAC&usg=AOvVaw1R0GN7A4PMDc8RX5-KRh75  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/112223967/&ved=2ahUKEwjPmIeY5JjwAhXg4zgGHWVbCOc QFjACegQIHBAC&usg=AOvVaw0rtUb6WtdKi_Af-XiPx0_V  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/1318767/&ved=2ahUKEwi5q4Sn5JjwAhVX3jgGHZmVArYQFj ADegQICRAC&usg=AOvVaw2ve5d37wpHVaE-vg1y7aYK  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/176300164/&ved=2ahUKEwjQoKGv5JjwAhWP3jgGHZ2bAsA QFjACegQICBAC&usg=AOvVaw1M5SuGHUsQpc3Os5WUkIll  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/15057582/%23:~:text%3D%252DWhoever%2520publishes%25 20or%2520transmits%2520or,may%2520extend%2520to%2520ten%2520la kh&ved=2ahUKEwiHj8S35JjwAhWn4jgGHWWXBbUQFjABegQIAxAF&u sg=AOvVaw3ncyUDTLMYuDy3CLymeGeU  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/309722/&ved=2ahUKEwihgubA5JjwAhWA4zgGHS5HDtMQFj ACegQICxAC&usg=AOvVaw1Bfh_GrE-iPjEEz0jM3oiv 24 www.ijlra.com Volume 2 Issue I| May 2021 ISSN: 2582-6433

 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://indiankan oon.org/doc/146597737/&ved=2ahUKEwjegJrJ5JjwAhUk4jgGHcf9CssQFjA AegQIAxAC&usg=AOvVaw3_aGkfru6rLQ_2SzPv-QcE  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://wcd.nic.in /bbbp-schemes&ved=2ahUKEwi-- JDj5JjwAhX3yzgGHfePBd4QFjAnegQIQRAC&usg=AOvVaw2fWbdmJdfp mdw_OPDhYGKh  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.indi a.gov.in/balika-samriddhi-yojana-ministry-women-and-child- development&ved=2ahUKEwiNktPs5JjwAhX5xzgGHRCMB6cQFjAHegQI GhAC&usg=AOvVaw1oIC0cY1uRD-GMQ6LS_h3I  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://m.econom ictimes.com/wealth/calculators/sukanya-samriddhi-yojana- calculator&ved=2ahUKEwjpjYiM5ZjwAhU0zDgGHUy9DMYQFjAkegQIQ xAF&usg=AOvVaw2KZ4jXdd_dHGuI6cSKhTeb  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://dsel.educat ion.gov.in/nsigse%23:~:text%3DBackground%253A%2520The%2520centra lly%2520sponsored%2520%25E2%2580%259CNational,National%2520Sch olarship%2520Portal%2520(NSP).&ved=2ahUKEwiolruZ5ZjwAhW4wTgG HXT9D6cQFjACegQICxAF&usg=AOvVaw0Onykfvc06ZIBde-EU_Riv  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.bud dy4study.com/article/cbse- udaan&ved=2ahUKEwiKtZyk5ZjwAhWO4jgGHZDtC- gQFjAAegQIAxAC&usg=AOvVaw0atYk7s1TUs-NiNG-OjiLq&cf=1

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