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1m U.S. Department of Education grants funds for Internet MEMBERSHIP NEWS research .:1 900 attend OCLC President's Luncheon at ALA State Library of Ohio provides grant for preservation Marketing Research Panel is created research ~ Users Council elects officers and passes three resolutions EJ Grants awarded to three researchers ~ Betty Bengston reviews Users Council year at President's SPECIAL REPORT/ Luncheon Cataloging in the 21st Century 1990/1991 Users Council committee members .m Cataloging experts share their views of the future Washington Report El New York Public Library links to OCLC system El Building a classification system for the computer age ~ OCLC/RLG talks cease lEI New software cleans up database University of Pennsylvania tapeloads 24 millionth record INTERVIEW Ell Deadline for claiming stolen books set Director of ruined Romanian library visits OCLC IEl Michael Gorman, Dean of Library Services at the Henry .:0 Madden Library, California State University, Fresno 1m University of Louisville logs 32 millionth ILL Kinokuniya and OCLC benefit from employee exchange PRODUCT NEWS El Millionth-record libraries honored at ALA lED Faxon Research Services and OCLC announce new service PEOPLE SilverPiatter and OCLC form strategic alliance .:9 Edward Holley receives Beta Phi Mu award 1m OCLC begins retrospective conversion project for New ACPL members appointed Queens University of Belfast John Burgan dies Group Access Capability grows .m Hwa-Wei Lee is honored 1m Instruction kit on DOC use developed Liz Bishoff elected to ALCTS post Blackwell North America enhances OLUC subject headings Leslie Vasquez named RONDAC Coordinator Compact disc database for American literature Erik Jul is Editor of Research & Education Networking IE] 1m researchers available Winner of LITAIOCLC minority scholarship announced African-American Institute is 4,000th EPIC subscriber Lucia Rather is awarded Dewey Medal Charles Maurer retires 1m GeoRef to be added to EPIC this fall BIOSIS to be available on EPIC RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT EPIC non-member price reduction for OLUC announced .:0 Several OCLC research projects focus on cataloging IEJ GPO Monthly searchable on the EPIC service
OCLC Newsletter
July/August 1991 No. 192 I Art Productlonl OCLC Newsletter (ISSN:0163-898X) OCLC in Dublin, Ohio, can be Ecftor.ln.chlef: Desktop Publishing: is published by OCLC Online Com reached via the following telephone Philip Schieber Karen Cline puter Library Center, Incorporated, numbers: Mickey Hawk 6565 Frantz Road, Dublin, Ohio Ohio ...... (800) 848-8286 Editor: Bobbi Rittenhouse 43017-0702. Contents of this News National ...... (800) 848-5878 Nita Dean 'J'Ypesettlng: letter may be reproduced in whole Canada ...... (800) 533-8201 Correspondents: Bobbi Rittenhouse or in part provided that credit is Asia Pacific area ...... (614) 764-6188 Nancy Campbell given. OCLC Newsletter is distrib OCLC Europe Elinor Hashim OCLC is an Equal Opportunity Em uted free. Direct subscription inquir in Birmingham, Erik Jul ployer, treating its employees and ies and changes of address to: United Kingdom ...... 44-21-456-4656 Peter J. Paulson applicants equitably without regard Newsletter Subscriptions, OCLC 6565 Frantz Road, Dublin, Ohio OCLC, a non-profit membership EdltoNII Anbblnt: to race, color, religion, sex, age, 43017-3395. organization, is engaged in com Marifay Makssour national origin, handicap, or marital puter library service and research. Art Direction: status. Rick Limes FROM K. WAYNE SMITH \ / Some Reflections on the White House Conference
CLC sent three delegates to the 1991 White America's libraries have played an important new role House Conference on Libraries and Infor in electronically advancing the frontiers of knowledge mation Services. Elinor Hashim, OCLC 's and in making information and information workers 0 Government Relations Officer and Chairman more productive. Emeritus, National Commission on Libraries and hlfor What libraries and other information-based organi mation Science; Clarence Walters, OCLC's Director of zations, such as OCI.C, basically do is add value to Member Library Relations; and myself all went to information by organizing it, indexing it, accessing it, Washington, where we saw among the delegates many distributing it, and preserving it. In the Information familiar faces from the OCLC membership. Age, we are witnessing the merger of our oldest infor When I was on the staff of the National Security mation storage and retrieval system-the library Council under Henry Kissinger, I would see different with our newest, the computer. Libraries themselves delegations from different White House Conferences have become part of regional, national, and even inter as they came through the White House. There were national computer networks that are capable of beam the meetings, the resolutions, the VIP tours, and the ing more and more information to people when and photo-opportunity sessions with the President, and where they need it, in the form they need it, and at a then, all too often, there was nothing beyond the cost they can afford. pomp and circumstance of the moment. The partici For example, the 12,000 libraries in the OCI.C net pants went back home, where they put the pictures on work send more than 65 queries a second to an elec ) the walls and the ideas on the shelf. tronic card catalog they have cooperatively built over Mter nearly three years in the library community, the past 20 years and which has grown to more than my instincts tell me that sort of thing will not happen 24 million titles that span the depth and breadth of re with this particular White House Conference. The corded knowledge. The result of this library collabora President is personally interested. The Congress is in tion through computers is that Americans today have terested. The issues are timely, significant, and largely more information at their fingertips than at any time in non-partisan. What we did at the Conference will our history. likely live on and will help shape the national agenda But, tWs is just the beginning. As we approach the for libraries and information services for a very long 21st century, the electronic medium will increasingly time to come. become the medium of choice for an increasing num OnJuly 11, I had the honor of testifying at a Joint Con ber of people. And libraries will continue to seek new, gressional Hearing on libraries and Information Services. efficient, and cost-effective electronic ways of meeting Let me share some of that testimony with you. the information needs of our citizens. ''We must continue to support our libraries if Indeed, America's computerized library services Americans are to continue to compete successfully in a and networks are the envy of the rest of the world. global marketplace. Information is key to improve But, they didn't just happen and they won't just con ments in productivity. tinue to be without more resources and better use of We live in an Age of Information. Experts agree that existing resources. I urge this Conference to recom the sum total ofhuman knowledge is now doubling mend both.'' every five years. An estimated 60 percent of Americans As the process of converting the recommendations are information workers. OUr dtizens are increasingly of the 1991 White House Conference into national pol looking for smaller and smaller needles of information in icy unfolds, I believe that OCI.C and its member librar bigger and bigger information haystacks. ies have a unique opportunity to help expand literacy, Our nation's libraries are uniquely well-positioned to help increase the productivity of information, and to help increase the productivity of information and to to help sustain democracy by furthering access to the help America maintain its lead in the global market world's information. These worthy goals deserve our place of the 21st century. In the last 20 years, very best efforts.
' ) 77r4 K. Wayne Smith President and Chief Executive Officer OCLC MEMBERSHIP NEWS
Library leaders attend Edward G. Holley, Chairman of the past year; and Dr. K. Wayne Smith, OCLC OCLC Board of Trustees and William Rand President and Chief Executive Officer, who OCLC President's Kenan, Jr. Professor at the School of Infor discussed OCLC 's recent performance in Luncheon at ALA mation and Library Science, University of the context of its strategic plan, as well as North Carolina at Chapel Hill, was Master fmances and strategic alliances. He also addressed the meaning of OCLC's 20 years More than 900 library leaders attended the of Ceremonies for the OCLC annual meet ing. Speakers included Betty G. Bengtson, of online service to libraries. OCLC President's Luncheon and helped cel An audiovisual program, celebrating Immediate Past President of the OCLC ebrate OCLC's 20 years of online service to OCLC's 20 years of online service and fea Users Council and Director of University libraries. The event was held in the Interna turing several library leaders, brought the tional Ballroom at the Omni Hotel at CNN Libraries, Suzzallo Library, University of program to a close. Center during the American Library Associ Washington, who presented a report on ation Conference in Atlanta on July 1. the Users Council's activities during the
OCLC creates library The Library Market Research Panel con efficient and effective method is needed. sists of a randomly selected sample of The panel does this. The panel technique market research panel OCLC member libraries that agree to partici will also help us hold down the costs of pate in a maximum of six surveys per year conducting market research because we will not need to start over with each new OCLC has created a Library Market Re for two years. The libraries will be polled on such topics as local systems, CD-ROM study. We will have a pool of libraries that search Panel to enable its member libraries usage, telecommunications, and site link are ready and willing to participate and on to participate more actively in survey and ing. They will also be asked to evaluate whom we already have background and opinion research that will assist OCLC in new product concepts. demographic data." product and program development. ' 'Findings from the research panel will The research panel will help OCLC mon benefit the entire OCLC membership,'' said itor developments and trends in member Dr. Darryl Lang, Manager, OCLC Corporate libraries and will also help measure user Marketing Analysis Section. ' 'Over the satisfaction and opinion more rapidly and years, OCLC has regularly surveyed its efficiently. members on a variety oftopics, but a more
4 OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 MEMBERSHIP NEWS
•'·"" U:::. ~·~: e·;-·~·R}: s _ --~' c ·. o·~_ "ii ;;,.-: c .?~l :::~~ -·~.:. ij~--: ~ ·- T. · E ~. 5 .~ ; ·<:·.. ~£ libraries is coming, and by the year 200 1 He predicts that in the year 200 1 libraries there will be more emphasis on providing will be dealing with a mix of print and content information than bibliographic in electronic sources and that we will see formation. Suggesting that there may not more cooperative collection development always be a demand for books, Mx: Kilgour and more consolidation of collections. predicted that more and more material In 2001 there will be libraries; and librar Users Council elects will be in machine-readable form. And he ies will change, said Kenneth Dowlin. officers and passes noted that, unlike paper books, electronic The key element, he said, is the need for books are ''always on the shelf.'' information. He predicts a shift from three resolutions joe Branin, Director, Humanities and helping patrons fmd information to help Social Sciences Libraries, University of ing them find the information themselves by Nita Dean Mirmesota; Kenneth Dowlin, City Librar and a shift from just-in-case to just-in-time ian, San Francisco Public Library; and Ann information provision. Wolpert, Director of Libraries, Cambridge In his report to Users Council, OCLC At its June meeting, the OCI.C Users Council Information Center, Arthur D. Litde, Inc., President and Chief Executive Officer Dr. elected the 1991/92 Executive Committee: presented a panel discussion on libraries K. Wayne Smith thanked delegates for Patrick O'Brien, Director of Libraries, Dallas their hard work, dedication, and coopera Public Library, was elected Vice President/ in the year 2001. President-elect, and Delegates-at-large are Ms. Wolpert said a look back at where tion in a very productive year. ' 'Through Kenneth Bierman, Assistant University libraries were 10 years ago provides a per out the year, the Users Council has provided Librarianffechnology and Automation spective on the many changes likely by OCLC with sound advice and counsel,'' Services, Oklahoma State University; the year 200 1. She noted that preparing he said. ''You have made an important Michele Dalehite, Assistant Director of for the future will require more respon difference for those of us in the OCLC Library Services, Florida Center/Library siveness to the needs of library users, and community.' ' He also updated delegates Automation; and Kathleen Hays, Director, she predicts smaller inventories and more on OCLC's recent activities and discussed Hickman-johnson-Furrow Library, just-in-time delivery of information. fmances, evolving strategic alliances, and Morningside College, Sioux City, Iowa. Mx: Branin discussed the growth in inter some general library community issues. Delegates passed resolutions recom library Joan and said, ''We must now work C. Lee jones, President, MAPS The Micro mending a fmancial incentive for holdings to insure someone is preserving information grAphic Preservation Service, discussed deletions; proposing the development of and work to improve document delivery.' ' the preservation capabilities of MAPS; a pilot online, full-text library and informa tion science database; and expressing ap preciation to Russell Shank, Assistant Vice Chancellor, Library Information Services Planning, University of California, Los Angeles, on his retirement, for his commit ment to furthering access to information. Delegates also ratified an amendment to the OCLC Code of Regulations revising the formula for calculating Users Council delegate representation from regional net works to reflect members' contribution to the database. At its third and final1990/91 meeting, the Users Council focused on ' 'Electronic Information Control and Delivery Issues: Setting the Agenda for 200 1. ' ' Delegates discussed these issues both in the general sessions and in small groups. Frederick G. Kilgour, OCLC Founder 11-ustee and Distinguished Research Profes • Members of the 1991/92 Executive Committee are (left to right): Patrick O'Brien, Kathleen sor, The University of North Carolina at Hays, Kenneth Bierman, Michele Dalehite, and William Gray Potter, who began his term as Chapel Hill, said the metamorphosis of President at the conclusion of the June meeting.
OCLC New slette r july/August 1991 5 MEMBERSHIP NEWS
Don Muccino, OCLC Vice President, Re It has been my privilege to serve as Presi tions we'll be answering in the 1990s and search and Development, reported on the dent of the OCLC Users Council during the on into the next century. possibilities anticipated with the develop past year. As all of you know, the Users This year, the Users Council formed an ment ofZ39.50 software, the Open Sys Council has two main responsibilities: Ad Hoc Committee on Bibliographic Con tems Interconnection protocol for electing trustees to the OCLC Board and trol Issues. Delegates Barry Baker, Michele information retrieval; and Tom Sanville, providing OCLC with advice and counsel. Dalehite, Nancy Skowronski, jennifer OCLC Vice President, Marketing, provided Although 1990/91 was not a board elec Younger, and Users Council Coordinator an update on the New Network and the tion year, we did fulfill our mission of giv Leslie Pearse were charged to identify is PRISM service.. ing advice and counsel to OCLC. sues related to the access to, bibliographic The next Users Council meeting will be The theme that guided Users Council control of, and delivery of electronic infor Oct. 6-8, 1991. activity this year was: ' 'Toward the 21st mation. The Committee was also asked to The Users Council comprises delegates Century: Issues in Controlling and Deliver identify groups in the library and informa from networks and service centers whose ing Electronic Information.'' tion communities that are working on net use of the OCLC System and contribution At our fall meeting, we focused on today's worked electronic information. to the OCLC database qualifies them for capabilities, opportunities, and issu~. At the The Committee issued a report at the Users Council membership. Delegates rep winter meeting, we explored issues sur june Users Council meeting that was very well received by the delegates. Among its resent the various interests of the General rounding the delivery of electronic informa recommendations are that the MARC rec Members of OCLC and ratify amendments tion in the next three to five years. By the ord format be modified to accommodate to the Articles of Incorporation and Code june meeting, our crystal ball was really roll ing and our momentum took us out to the access information about electronic infor of Regulations of OCLC. The Users Coun next century as we tried to put together an mation resources, and that libraries and cil also elects six trustees to the OCLC agenda for the control and delivery of elec OCLC investigate the usefulness of indicat Board of Trustees. The six Users Council tronic information in 200 1. ing access to electronic information at the elected trustees and three other members From this ongoing dialogue it has be national level in the way that ownership is of the library profession elected by the come obvious that libraries must identify presently indicated at the national level. Board assure a majority of librarians on the their patrons' information needs and deter In general, the Committee recommended OCLC Board. The Board possesses pow mine how best to meet them. ·It is critical that libraries start providing access to elec ers similar to those of university trustees. that libraries do this to prepare for the new tronic information by using a model sim Nita Dean is Editor of the OCLC Newsletter. millennium, and I believe that we need ilar to the one they use in partnership with OCLC to help us. The libraries of today OCLC to increase access to print informa are fragile institutions. If they are to sur tion. The Users Council and OCLC will be vive into the 21st century, they must redef sharing that report with you in the future. ine their missions, develop clear purposes, During the year, the Users Council also Betty Bengston and create new systems for information recommended changes to the formula that is delivery. We must move, as one of our used to calculate representation on the Coun reviews Users Council speakers put it, from just-in-case collec cil. These changes were designed to reflect year at President's tions to just-in-time delivery of informa the value that OCLC members place on con tion. Libraries need to think of themselves tribution to the Online Union Catalog. Luncheon in new ways, and new schools of thought I would characterize the 1990/91 Users are needed in the training of librarians. Council as being quietly effective. We did A valid question to ask is: what good a lot of hard work, for the libraries we rep Editor's note: Betty G. Bengtson, Imme does it do to bring 60 Users Council dele resent and for OCLC. I believe we contin diate Past President ofthe OCLC Users gates together to talk about the future of ued an important and ongoing dialogue Council, and Director of University Li electronic information? I believe it does a with OCLC management. The Users Coun braries, Su:zzallo Library, University of lot of good, for librarians, and for OCLC cil has made remarkable progress in the Washington, reviewed the Users Council's itself. We librarians have created a very past few years. There is a wonderful spirit activities and accomplishments over the large electronic network through OCLC. of cooperation between OCLC and the past year in a speech delivered at the While we have been doing this, other very Council. OCLC President's Luncheon onjuly 1 dur large networks have also developed. How On behalf of the 1990/91 Users Council ing the American Library Association libraries can or should meet patrons' needs and Executive Committee, I would like to Conference in Atlanta. Here is the text of in an electronic information environment thank libraries for sending us the delegates Ms. Bengtson's remarks. is going to be one of the important ques- that you did. We appreciated their time
6 OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 MEMBERSHIP NEWS
~~...... ~. .,.=-,;;;;r:-~<"~'ii~"" ."·;;~-..~·~ ,.·; U >c·,.,- .. N '·•o ~: :r '''E I 'S · ~ .,.:~ and Barbara Bush, Marilyn Quayle, Secretary ,o...,...... P•• r < • Washington ~- ~~- ::J.b._ --·"' j1.;1.d ~l~ ~&:\, ;,.t;j of Education Lamar Alexander, Sen. Paul and their efforts, which we believe will Report Simon (D-IL), and Reps. Major Owens (D-NY) yield fruit for years to come. To Bill Pot and Newt Gingrich (R-GA). Initially, over ter, the incoming President of the Users by Elinor Hashim 700 recommendations were voted out of Council, I say, keep listening. Please con various topic groups. These were com tinue in dialogue and partnership as the Once again the Con bined (because of duplication) into 132 rec OCLC membership enters its third de gress has demonstrated ommendations, and 94 of these were cade of working together. its support for library passed by the delegates to the Conference. funding. In)une, the Issues of particular concern were national House passed HR information policy, access to information, 2707, which recommends SI42.7 million and the role of libraries in education and lit for the Library Services and Construction eracy. In the next issue of the Newsletter, I Act (LSCA) and the Higher Education Act will report more fully on the Conference. 1990191 Users (HEA) for fiscali992. This is a slight de Elinor Hashim is OCLC Government Rela Council committee crease from the S 14 2. 9 million appropri tions Officer and Chairman Emeritus of the members ated for fiscali991. In july, the Senate National Commission on Libraries and In Appropriations Committee met and is rec formation Science. ommending S I49. 7 million for LSCA and Bylaws Committee HEA for fiscal I992. This represents a 4.8 Pamela Brown percent increase over fiscal I991. The Sen· ate committee restored the S5 million cut Kathleen Hays, Chair made by the House for LSCA Title II (public State-of-the-art Jewel Player library construction) and increased the telecommunications amount for HEA Title II D (technology Committee on BibliograpWc grants to college libraries) by 52.5 million. link New York Public Control Issues Under the House and Senate plans, all titles Library to OCLC Barry Baker, Chair of LSCA and HEA would be funded-quite Michele Dalehite a contrast to the S35 million recommended System Nancy Skowronski by the Administration only for Title I of LSCA. The next step is consideration of by Nancy Campbell Election Certification Committee the Appropriations Committee recommen dations by the full Senate. After that, Gil Baldwin The New York Public Library (NYPL) has House and Senate conferees will meet to become the first institution to link its inter Ling.:Yuh (Miko) Pattie work out the differences between them. nal network with the new OCLC telecom V. Louise Saylor, Chair In a voice vote on july II, the House munications network using the X.25 Open Nancy Skowronski passed HR 656, the High-Performance Systems Interconnection standard. The john Wallach Computing Act of I99I, which would cre telecommunications link will connect ate a National Research and Education Net NYPL Research Libraries and Branch Librar Executive Committee work. This bill provides that federal ies to the OCLC System for cataloging and agencies are to work with state and local resource sharing. Betty Bengtson, President agencies, libraries, educational institutions OCLC recently installed a 56kbps line Marshall Keys and organizations, and private network ser from the New York node of OCLC's packet John Popko vice providers to ensure that researchers, switched network to NYPL's wide area net William Gray Potter, Vice President/ educators, and students have access to the work, NYPLNET. The new connection President-elect network. All types of libraries are in will support access on NYPLNET for more cluded. In the Senate, work is under way than I 00 NYPL workstations or terminals Finance Committee to draft a compromise version of the two to OCLC services including online catalog Senate bills, S. 272 and S. 343, and the Sen Michele Dalehite ing on the PRISM service, online reference ate is expected to pass a compromise bill on the EPIC service, and interlibrary lend Dale Flecker sometime this session. ing on the Interlibrary Loan Subsystem. William Gray Potter, Chair The Second White House Conference The NYPL Research Libraries, which john Webb on Library and Information Services was have been cataloging materials on the RUN held in Washington, july 9-I3. The im system, will shift some of their processing pressive list of speakers included George to OCLC in phases beginning this summer.
OCLC Newsletter July/August I 99I 7 MEMBERSHIP NEWS
study of black history and culture, and the Library at West 43rd Street contains the newspaper and patents collections. The Re search Libraries process 150,000 new tides per year. The 82 Branch Libraries' collections in clude over 3 million books and over 6 mil lion other items; 40,000 new titles are processed each year. NYPLNET joins the libraries' various workstations, terminals, and printers into a uniform network in which information can be shared and from which other databases can be easily and cost-effectively accessed. ''The distributed network architecture and standard X.25 protocol enable OCLC to link more easily with other networks in the education and scientific communities,'' said Fred Lauber, Director, OCLC Systems and Telecommunications Engineering Divi sion and Project Manager for the new net • The New 'mrk Public Library building at Fifth Avenue and 42nd Street work. ''It made the task of linking with NYPL very straightforward.'' Interlibrary loan processing on OCLC has and Branch Libraries comprise a significant According to Mr. Lauber, OCLC is mov already been implemented. The Research library network in and of themselves. The ing from a centralized network configura Libraries plan to use OCLC in current cata advanced capabilities of OCLC's new, X.25 tion to a distributed X.25 packet-switch loging, deferred cataloging, ILL, acquisi packet-switched network enabled OCLC network that supports the international tions, and public services. Workstations in and NYPL to link easily, rapidly, and eco the acquisitions and public service areas nomically. We're delighted to have these li Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) stan will be used for searching only. braries as members of OCLC and we look dard. ''The Research Libraries have long been forward to their participation through The new OCLC network, purchased interested in standardized conununications SUNY/OCLC.'' from US Sprint in November 1989 under a between NYPLNET and major external re The New York Public Library includes $70 million, 5-year contract is located in sources, including bibliographic utilities the Research Libraries, operated chiefly US Sprint central offices in 44 dries. The such as OCLC,'' said Mike Bruer, Associate from private funds, endowment income, main network node and the network man Director for Preparation Services, NYPL. and current gifts, and the Branch Libraries, agement center are located at OCLC in ''We are pleased that OCLC staff have been supported from public funds allocated by Dublin where network operations staff use willing to help us realize this objective.'' the city and state of New York to serve the a sophisticated control system to dynami The Branch Libraries, also in the process boroughs of Manhattan, the Bronx, and cally display color-coded information of converting their cataloging and interlibr Staten Island. about the state of every line and node on ary loan operations to the OCLC system, The four Research Libraries contain the network. will add their holdings to the OCLC Online more than 36 million items in some 3,000 Working with US Sprint, OCLC is con Union Catalog. languages and dialects. The Central Re verting its users from the old network to ''The new telecommunications link will search Library, located in the landmark the new, while at the same time replacing facilitate access to the resources of OCLC beaux-arts building on Fifth Avenue and older 2,400bps modems with new technol for the NYPL Branch Libraries and simplify 42nd Street, houses the core of there ogy 9,600bps moderns. The 15-month distribution of workstations at our dispa search collections. The New York Public Li rate sites,'' said Sue Harrison, Associate Di brary for the Performing Arts at Lincoln conversion, which began in October 1990, rector, Technical and Computer Services, Center is a vital resource for professionals is now over 70 percent complete. All NYPL. and students of theatre, dance, music, or re OCLC users are scheduled to be on the new Dr. K. Wayne Smith, President and corded sound. The Schomburg Center for network by December 1991.-Nancy Chief Executive Officer, OCLC, stated: Research in Black Culture offers one of the Campbell is Public Relations Writer, OCLC. ''The New York Public Library Research fmest research facilities in the world for the
8 OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 MEMBERSHIP NEWS
Pennit me to elaborate on three aspects seeking preferential arrangements that could OCLC issues of the proposed agreement that was re not be supported by OCLC management or statement on jected by the RLG member libraries. the regional networks or the OCLC mem cessation of A Negotiated Agreement. What the bership. Such arrangements were not in RLG member libraries unilaterally rejected cluded in the proposed agreement. RLG-OCLC talks was an RLG-OCLC negotiated agreement, I was prepared to recommend the agree not an OCLC proposal. This agreement ment to the OCLC Board of Trustees be Editor's note: Dr. K. Wayne Smith, OCLC had been negotiated in good faith and in cause I believed that it met the test of President ana ChiefExecutive Officer; is great detail over a six-month period by a fairness to the member libraries of both sued the following statement in regard to top-level team of negotiators from both or OCLC and RLG, that it would withstand the cessation ofdiscussions between OCLC ganizations. public and legal scrutiny, and that it would ana the Research Libraries Group (RIG). The Proposed Link. OCLC proposed help the entire library community at a time The member libraries ofRLG have in to link RLIN users to the OCLC database via when resources are more scarce than ever. formed OCLC of their decision to tenni its EPIC service. This would be done right The member libraries of RLG, however, for nate any further discussions with OCLC away. RLG also wanted OCLC users to be whatever reasons, have unilaterally de concerning a proposed agreement for the able to access RUN directly. Such a seam cided otherwise. We must respect that de transfer on a group basis of their cataloging less link would require a significant devel cision, although with regret. Clearly, the and other technical processing activities opment effort. Nevertheless, OCLC agreed reasons cited for the agreement's rejection from the RLIN System to the OCLC System. to implement the seamless link as soon as by RLG representatives in their press re I, personally, am disappointed at this possible and within no more than 36 lease of]une 24 were items subject to fur outcome. OCLC had worked very hard months. OCLC's intent was clearly to com ther negotiations. But, as Jim Michalko put over the past two years to open a dialogue plete this link with all deliberate speed, but it in his letter to me transmitting the RLG with RLG and over the past six months to within the unavoidable context of also im decision: ' 'Now we can take this dream devise a reasonable and fair proposal to plementing a new, S70-million telecommu off our agenda.' ' That is truly regrettable eliminate one of the great schisms in the re nications network and a new, S30-million and certainly not what OCLC intends to do. search library community and to reduce Online System, which are now 70 percent While we have not succeeded in reach the senseless duplication of effort between and 40 percent installed, respectively. ing an agreement with the RLG libraries on OCLC and RLG. The Proposed Transfer of Technical a group basis, we will, nevertheless, con The library community is well aware of Processing. OCLC discussed with the tinue to work with them individually to my views regarding the use of scarce re group of research libraries that are the prin ward the goals of broadening OCLC 's sources by public and not-for-profit organi cipal users of the RLIN system ways to membership, improving library service to zations. transfer their technical processing and re the scholarly community, and doing what I have said repeatedly that OCLC cannot source sharing activities to the OCLC Sys is best for the library community as a whole. do everything well, and neither can RLG or tem. OCLC encouraged these libraries to LC or WLN or others. If each of us concen join OCLC as full cataloging members and trated on what we can do best-if we ap to do so through its regional network affili plied the economic theory of comparative ates. In the course of these negotiations, advantage-the real winner would be the the RLG libraries asked OCLC to agree to 24 millionth record American library community. In our pro make payments for a limited time period to added by University of posed agreement, OCLC attempted to support certain RLG programmatic activi apply this principle to reduce some of the ties of interest to libraries. OCLC agreed to Pennsylvania barriers to cooperation within the research make such payments provided there oc library community. curred an en masse transfer of technical The 24 millionth bibliographic record was In brief, we attempted to consolidate processing to the OCLC System. The in tapeloaded into the Online Union Catalog most of the technical processing activities flux of such a group of large-volume cata June 27, 1991, in a batch of records con of RLG member libraries into the OCLC Sys loging institutions would enhance the tributed by the University of Pennsylvania's tem so that substantial benefits would re economies of scale of the OCLC System Van Pelt-Dietrich Library Center. sult both for RLG libraries and OCLC and make it even more cost-effective for all The milestone title is for a German libraries through database enrichment and members. It was also well within the ca book, Gangsystematik der Parasitiformes, economies of scale. We also attempted to pacity and capabilities of OCLC and its re cataloged by Peter Sullivan, Bibliographic provide funding for continuing important gional network affiliates to handle the Specialist in the Shared Cataloging Depart RLG programmatic activities that are of in migration of RLIN users to OCLC expedi ment. According to Alan Silverman, German terest to libraries. Finally, we agreed to an tiously. Cataloger, the translation of the title is Loco intersystem link between the two organiza During the course of the negotiations, it motion Systems ofParasitif ormes, (a type tions to be completed as quickly as possible. became clear that RLG libraries were often of mite).
OCLC Newsletter July/August 199 1 9 MEMBERSHIP NEWS
EPIC service authorization, which can be obtained through regional networks or OCLC. Access fees for this database are nominal since OCLC has waived all search charges and connect-hour fees. Of the two avail able record formats, there is no charge for viewing the brief format and a 30-cent fee for the full record, which includes hold ings. Telecommunications charges are addi tional. The EPIC service is available via the Internet, as well as through dial-access ter minals and any terminals/workstations on the OCLC dedicated-line network. If, after searching The Book Return database, a library believes materials are from its collection, a claim should be sent, in writing, to Special Agent Jerry A. Thcker, FBI, P.O. Box 548, Omaha, Neb. 68101. Claims should include: author, if known; title; publication date, if known; OCLC re cord number; value of item being claimed; any other unique detail that may prove book ownership, such as book note, auto graph, book number, etc. A copy of a cata • The University of Pennsylvania's Van Pelt-Dietrich Library Center log card, system printout, and/or other proof of ownership should also be in ''We are tapeloading and interlibrary that they can be upgraded to full MARC for cluded for each item. loan members of OCLC,'' said Margaret mat cataloging. The FBI will verify all claims. Questions Rohdy, Head of the Shared Cataloging should be referred to Special Agent Tucker Department. ' 'There is big interest here in at (402) 348-1210. sharing cataloging data.'' Editor's note: On Wednesday, july 31, The Online Union Catalog has grown Stephen Blumberg was sentenced to 5 by a million records in just six months. Deadline set for years and II months in prison, andfined The University of Illinois at Urbana-Cham claiming stolen books $200,000. paign entered the 23 millionth record on Jan. 23, 1991. Tapeloading has grown dramatically in The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) the last two years. In fisca11989/90, has notified OCLC that it has established tapeloading libraries added 5.8 million hold Oct. 18, 1991, as the deadline for filing ings and 675,000 original records to the Onl claims for materials stOlen from libraries by ine Union Catalog. In fiscal 1990/91 , Stephen Blumberg and confiscated by the FBI. tapeloading libraries added 13.2 million hold The Book Return, a 16,000-record in ings and 738,000 original records. ventory of the stolen materials, has been There are basically four categories of li searchable on the EPIC service, OCLC's onl ine reference system, since March. Librar braries that tapeload their records intO the ies from which materials may have been OCLC system: libraries that catalog with stolen by Mr. Blumberg have been search other systems and want to share their hold ing the database, which contains a biblio ings via OCLC; libraries that have recently graphic description and a list of holdings joined OCLC and want to load their hold for each recovered item. After Oct. 1, The ings; Group Access Capability members Book Return will be removed from the who tapeload their holdings so that they EPIC service. are displayed to their group membership; Libraries that would like to access The and libraries that tapeload brief records so Book Return before the deadline will need an
10 OCLC New sletter July/August 1991 MEMBERSHIP NEWS
• The Central University Library, which was founded in 1891, was damaged during the fighting that took place in Bucharest in December 1989.
Director of destroyed Romanian library visits OCLC
by Nancy Campbell
Dr. Ion Stoica, Director, Central University Library, Bucharest, Romania, visited OCLC during a recent tour of American libraries as part of a program organized by the United States Information Agency. • Phyllis Bova Spies, (left) OCLC Vice • The library's collection was lost in the The Central University Library's build President, International and Conversion fire or subsequently destroyed by water Services, met with Dr. Stoica during his visit. during the rescue operation. ing and collection of 3 million volumes was destroyed by frre in December 1989, The library is rebuilding its collection, donated books. The American Library during the revolution that overthrew the which had been very strong in the sciences, Association's Books for Romania project Ceausescu government. ''The students and the army were fighting [against with help from libraries around the world. collected, screened for appropriateness, Ceausescu's Secret Police] near the library, Dr. Stoica said that other libraries in Romania and delivered 240,000 scholarly books and and one night it went up in flames, '' Dr. have donated books and that Romanian citi journals to Romanian libraries including Stoica said. ''We lost everything, including zens have given about 100,000 volumes. the Central University Library.-Nancy all of our rare books and books of historical France, England, Switzerland, Germany, Swe Campbell is Public Relations Writer, OCLC. and high value.' ' den, Hungary, and the Soviet Union have also
OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 11 MEMBERSHIP NEWS
more extensive training in the use of OCLC products and services to its employees. Ac cording to Hisako Kotaka, OCLC Manager, C)K350 Services Section, Asia Pacific and Technical Services, the resulting exchange has benefited both organizations. On July 29, 1990, Hiromi Kogayu and Mami Miyawaki left their work on a large retrospective conversion project Kinokuniya is currently processing for Waseda University in Tokyo and traveled to OCLC. They moved into a nearby apart ment, bought a car, and began a year as OCLC CJK Retrospective Conversion Oper ators, working on projects for the Univer sity of California at Los Angeles and the University of Washington. OCLC covers half of their salaries and their round-trip travel from Japan and Kinokiniya provides half of the salaries and Japanese reference and support materials. Ms. Miyawaki said the decision to leave • Ekstrom Library Interlibrary Loan Department staff members are (left to right): Carla Japan for a year was difficult because she Lawson, Student Assistant; James Ryan, Library Assistant; Ms. Kuftinec; Judy Herndon, liked her job in Japan and hated to give it Library Assistant; Teresa Heintz, Student Assistant; Heidi Weigel, Student Assistant; and up. Ms. Kogayu said it was easier for her to Jerry Miller, Kentucky Public Library Liaison Program Representative. decide since she viewed the exchange as a nice chance to change her life and experi 32 millionth ILL year. She said the library receives about ence new things, but she said she didn't 10,000 ILL requests a year from other insti know what to expect. logged by the tutions. University of The Interlibrary Loan Department has one part-time and two full-time staff mem Louisville bers and four to five students. Ms. Kuftinec, who has worked in the department for 10 · 'You 're kidding,'' said Interlibrary Loan years and been Department Head since 1984, said she was looking forward to shar Department Head Ljiljana Kuftinec when ing the 32 millionth milestone news with she was informed she had made the 32 mil her co-workers. lionth interlibrary loan (ILL) request using the OCLC ILL Subsystem. • 'It's a total sur The 31 millionth ILL was made March prise to me,'' she said. • 'We've just been 26 by the Shawnee Library System. trying to process requests for materials as fast as we can.'' The 32 millionth transaction, made 66 days after the 31 millionth request, was for The History ofthe Fairchild Family, or, Kinokuniya and OCLC • Mami Miyawaki (seated) and Hiromi The Child's Manual: Being a Collection of benefit from employee Kogayu are pictured in the OCLC CJK Stories Calculated to Show the Importance Retrospective Conversion area. and Effect ofa Religious Education, a internships 19th-century title by Mary Martha Sherwood. by Nita D ean Ms. Kogayu and Ms. Miyawaki said the It was filled by the Illiff School of Theology, experience has been positive, that people Denver, Colo. have been kind and friendly, and that they Ms. Kuftinec said the University of It was serendipity. OCLC was having diffi have enjoyed their work. Ms. Kogayu said Louisville's Ekstrom Library uses the OCLC culty fmding qualified Japanese library tech it's rewarding to know records they create ILL Subsystem for at least 95 percent of the nical specialists; Kinokuniya, OCLC's will be used by librarians throughout the 8,000 items requested for patrons each representative in Japan, wanted to provide
12 OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 MEMBERSHIP NEWS
world. "And to know that the record will Ms. Kotaka said acquiring visas is the Service office in Lincoln, Neb. Two more remain forever, that's very exciting,' ' biggest hurdle in the exchange, since OCLC visas were issued and Yuki Wada and added Ms. Miyawaki. is required to demonstrate that Japanese Takako Yamamoto arrived at OCLC on July While in this country, Ms. Kogayu and language specialists to fill the positions can 24 to begin their year-long visit. Ms. Kogayu Ms. Miyawaki have traveled to Chicago, not be found in this locale. Over the last and Ms. Miyawaki left two days later to New York City, and Orlando, Fla., and at six months, OCLC conducted a recruiting return to Kinokuniya and share what they've learned with their co-workers. tended the Association for Asian Studies campaign and subsequently received per Nita Dean is Editor of the OCLC Newsletter. Conference in New Orleans, La. Ms. mission from the state of Ohio to submit Miyawaki said attending the conference visa applications to the U.S. Department of made her realize that there are many Japan Labor. Recently, approval was received ese librarians working in the United States. from the Immigration and Naturalization Millionth record libraries honored
To commemorate the 20th anniversary of the OCLC Online System, the 23libraries responsible for inputting the millionth bib liographic record milestones in the Online Union Catalog were honored at the OCLC Update Session during the American Li brary Association Conference in Atlanta. Edward G. Holley, Chairman of the OCLC Board of Trustees and William Rand Kenan, Jr. Professor, School oflnforma tion and Library Science, The University • Alan R. Benenfeld, (right) Dean, • David P. Bishop, Librarian, University of of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, pre Northeastern University, accepted a plaque Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, went home sented plaques to representatives of the from Dr. Holley for Northeastern University's with two plaques for the University's 12 and following institutions: 1 millionth record. 23 millionth records. 1 millionth record 9 millionth record 1 7 millionth record Northeastern University University of Denver Duke University
2 millionth record 1 0 millionth record 18 millionth record Boston University School of Theology California State University, San Bernardino University of Washington, Seattle Library 11 millionth record 3 millionth record Indiana University School of Music Library 19 millionth record SUNY-Potsdam University of Massachusetts 12 millionth record 4 millionth record University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 20 millionth record University of North Carolina, Greensboro 13 millionth record Dallas County Community College 5 millionth record University of Illinois at Chicago District, Mesquite University of Louisville Libraries 14 millionth record 21 millionth record 6 millionth record Colorado College Indiana University School of Music Library SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse 15 millionth record 22 millionth record 7 millionth record University of California, Berkeley Boston Public Library Northeastern Illinois University 16 millionth record 23 millionth record 8 millionth record Wellesley College Southern Illinois University at Carbondale University of lllinois at Urbana-Champaign. e
OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 13 PEOPLE
Edward Holley Library Association and Beta Phi Mu and as The committee also collaborates with a member of the Board of Governors of OCLC on special projects. In 1988 the receives ALA Beta The University of North Carolina Press. committee assisted in planning and con Phi MuAward ducting a special conference at OCLC on ''The Future of the Public Library.'' In March, OCLC and ACPL members New ACPL members worked together to plan and present a pro gram at the Public Library Association Con appointed ference on ''Understanding and Planning for Public Libraries Automation Obsoles Seven new members have been added to cence.'' Beverly Simmons, Director of the the Advisory Committee on Public Librar Sunnyvale Public Library in California and ies (ACPL). They are: Donald Cloudsley, a member of the ACPL, served as moderator. Director, Buffalo-Erie County Public Li Other ACPL Committee members are brary, Buffalo, N.Y.; Ralph Edwards, Direc Rick). Ashton, City Librarian, Denver Pub tor, Phoenix Public Library, Phoenix, lic Library, Denver, Colo.; and Dorothy Arizona; Glen E. Holt, Director, St. Louis Schirtzinger, Director, Lee County Library Public Library, St. Louis, Mo.; Sara A. Long, System, Ft. Myers, Fla. Committee mem Director, North Suburban Library System, bers serve three-year terms. Wheeling, Ill.; Kay K. Runge, Director, Dav enport Public Library, Davenport, Iowa; Jerry Thrasher, Director, Cumberland County Library, Fayetteville, N.C.; and Ann Yancura, Director, McKinley Memorial Li John Burgan, ACPL brary, Niles, Ohio. member, dies The Advisory Committee on Public Li braries was formed in 1984 and meets by Clarence Walters twice a year, in the spring and fall. The Edward G. Holley, Chairman of the OCLC new committee members attended their One of the vacancies of the Advisory Com Board of Trustees and William Rand Kenan, first meeting April25 and 26. mittee on Public Libraries (ACPL) w as cre Jr. Professor, School of Information and Li Clarence Walters, Director, Member Li ated by the July 9 death ofJohn Sydney brary Science, The University of North Car brary Relations, and staff liaison to the Burgan, Chief Librarian of the Hartford olina at Chapel Hill, has been awarded the ACPL , said the committee members are rec Public Library, Hartford, Conn., since 1991 American Library Association (ALA) ognized leaders in the public library com 1984. Mr. Burgan had been appointed to Beta Phi Mu Award. munity. ' 'The committee is very valuable the ACPLin 1989. During the ALA Annual Conference in in helping OCLC to understand the particu Mr. Burgan received his library degree Atlanta, Dr. Holley received a citation and lar needs of public libraries,' ' Mr. Walters from Rutgers University. From 1963 to SSOO donated by the Beta Phi Mu Interna said. 1984 he served in various capacities at the tional Library Science Honorary Society for In selecting members for the commit Enoch Pratt Library in Baltimore, Md., in distinguished service in library education. tee, consideration is given to balancing rep cluding 11 years as the Chief of the Central According to award committee Chair, resentation geographically and by size of Library. Christina M. Hanson, Dr. Holley enhanced library. ''OCLC is fortunate to have the par During his career, Mr. Burgan had w ide the quality of the teaching and learning pro ticipation of public library directors who ranging interests which included library man cess and developed a center for excellence have a wealth of experience and knowl agement, buildings, and automation; how during his 15 years as Dean of The Univer edge in the setting of policy directions for ever, his first love continued to be books and sity of North Carolina's School of Informa public libraries and who have a strong the printed word. We at OCLC will miss his tion and Library Science. Ms. Hanson cited sense of the future of public library ser quiet humor, his sound judgment, and his the establishment of the doctoral program vices,' ' said Mr. Walters. ' 'In addition to friendship. -Clarence \v.llters is Director, and the two-year master's in library science acting as a communication link between OCLC Member Library Relations. program, as well as Dr. Holley's tireless OCLC and public libraries, the ACPL serves good humor and selfless good will toward as a forum for the exchange of ideas and members of the library profession. views on OCLC plans for products and ser In addition to serving as Chairman of vices. The input has served as a useful in the OCLC Board of Trustees, Dr. Holley has formation resource to OCLC staff.' ' served as President of both the American
14 OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 PEOPLE
Hwa-Wei Lee receives She has also served on several ALA com mittees, including the Resources and Tech award nical Service Division's AACR2 Catalog Code Revision Committee and its Subject Hwa.Wei Lee, Dean of Libraries at Ohio Uni Analysis Committee. versity, was presented with the John Ames Humphry/OCLC Forest Press Award during the American Library Association Annual Conference in Atlanta. The S1 ,000 award, donated by OCLC Leslie Vasquez is new Forest Press, is given to an individual in rec RONDAC Coordinator ognition of significant contribution to inter nationallibrarianship. Leslie Vasquez has been named RONDAC Helen Maul, Chair of the award jury, (Regional OCLC Network-Directors Advi cited Dr. Lee's contribution to international sory Committee) Coordinator. In her new librarianship as an educator, consultant, position, Ms. Vasquez will serve as a liaison and innovator and said his work has re between the Regional Networks and OCLC sulted in improved access to information to facilitate communication and enhance and library resources in Southeast Asia. working relationships. The RONDAC Coordinator position is funded jointly by the regional networks ALCTS has six sections: Cataloging and and OCLC. Offices are based at OHION ET Classification, Acquisitions, Preservation of in Columbus, Ohio, and at OCLC. Library Materials, Serials, Reproduction of Ms. Vasquez has been with OCLC since Library Materials, and Collection Develop 1985 as a Retrospective Conversion Opera ment and Management. tor, User Services Assistant, Exhibit Coordi As Vice President/President-elect, Ms. nator, and most recently as Sales Support Bishoff is responsible for directing the im Specialist in the Field Marketing Services plementation of the Association's strategic Division. plan and goals, overseeing the develop RONDAC is an advisory committee that ment of programs and activities within serves as a forum for networks and OCLC those areas, appointing association level for discussion and advice to OCLC on stra committee members, and representing tegic direction and policy in the provision ALCTS at national and international level of OCLC services to users. OCLC and 19 activities. Ms. Bishoff holds a bachelor of arts de gree in history from Western Illinois Uni versity, a master of arts in library science from Rosary College, and has completed course work on a master's degree in public administration from Roosevelt University, Chicago, Ill. From 1970 to 1984, Ms. Bishoff worked as a cataloger and administrator in Liz Bishoff elected to several libraries in the Chicago area, includ ing the Northbrook Public Library, Grant ALCTSpost Community High School, the Waukegan Public Library, and the Ela Area Public Li Liz Bishoff, Director of OCLC's Online Union brary. From 1984 to 1987, she was Princi Catalog Product Management Division, has pal Librarian for Support Services at the been elected Vice President/President-elect Pasadena (California) Public Library. In of the Association for Library Collections 1987 she joined OCLC as Manager of the and Technical Services (ALCTS) of the Cataloging and Database Services Depart American Library Association. ment.
OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 15 PEOPLE
affiliated regional networks are members in the Documentation Department before Melvil Dewey Medal ofRONDAC: AMIGOS, BCR, CAPCON, joining the Office of Research. FEDLINK, ILLINET, INCOLSA, MINITEX, Newsletter contributors may send news awarded to Lucia MLC, MLNC, NEBASE, NELINET, OCLC/ releases, article proposals, and inquiries to: Rather PACNET, OHIONET, PALINET, PRLC, Erik]ul, OCLC Online Computer Library SOLINET, SUNY/OCLC, Utlas, and WILS. Center, 6565 Frantz Road, Dublin, OH, Lucia]. Rather, who recently retired from RONDAC meets four times a ye:u; hosted 43017-3395. her position as Director for Cataloging and alternately between OCLC, in Dublin, Subscription inquiries should be addressed Collection Services at the Library of Con Ohio, and the regional network offices. In to: Meckler Corporation, 11 Ferry Lane gress, was presented the American Library addition, network directors work together West, Westport, CT, 06880-5808. E-mail: Association (ALA} Melvil Dewey Medal dur to facilitate and encourage inter-network [email protected]. ing the ALA Annual Conference in Atlanta. cooperation. The medal, which is donated by OCLC Forest Press, is given to an individual or group for recent creative professional LITA/OCLC Minority achievement in library management, train Erik Jul to edit ing, cataloging and classification, and the Scholarship awarded tools and techniques oflibrarianship. Research & Education Charlotta Hensley, Chair of the Melvil The first LITA/OCLC Minority Scholarship Networking Dewey Medal Committee, said the medal has been awarded to Alvaro V. Simon, a stu recognizes Ms. Rather's continuing national dent at the Pratt Institute School of Infor leadership in cataloging and in library man mation and Library Science. The award agement and training. was presented at the UTA President's Pro gram during the American Library Associa tion (ALA} Annual Conference in Atlanta. The 52,500 award, provided by OCLC, is designated to encourage a member of a Charles Maurer retires principal minority group to pursue a master's degree in library science, specializ Charles B. Maurer, Director of Libraries, ing in applications of information technol Denison University, Granville, Ohio, since ogy to library services operations. The 1971, retired in June. Dr. Maurer chaired award is administered by the Library and Denison's Governance Review Commis Information Technology Association, a divi sion in 1973 and served as the OHIONET sion of ALA. delegate to the OCLC Users Council from Mr. Simon holds a bachelor's degree in 1978 to 1983. He was also a member of education from Pratt and a master's degree OCLC 's Oxford (New System) Advisory in mechanical engineering from Polytech Committee. In 1988, he was awarded the nic University (Brooklyn). Academic Library Association of Ohio's Dis tinguished Service Award. •
Erik]ul, Communications Manager in the OCLC Office of Research, has been named Editor-in-Chief of Meckler Publishing's in ternational newsletter, Research & Educa tion Networking. The monthly newsletter, now in its second year of publication, fo cuses on news related to the development, use, and effects of computer networks in re search and education. Mr. Jul has been with OCLC since 1985, first as Communications/Information Spe cialist, then Senior Technical Writer/Editor
16 OCLC Newsletter July/August 199 1 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Cataloger's Assistant. The Cataloger's Assistant is a Macin- OCLC research projects and the tosh-based prototype system designed to support the subject cata future of cataloging loging function in libraries. One of the goals of this pt"Jject is to explore the facilities required by catalogers when much of the infor byErikjul mation used in the subject cataloging process is available at the workstation. The original system provides access to portions of the Many factors affect cataloging methods and processes in libraries, machine-readable version of the Dewey Decimal Classification, the and no single OCLC research project could address the complex machine-readable Library of Congress Subject Headings, and cata and changing environment in which library technical services func loging data from the OCLC database. A subsequent version pro tion. Instead, an array of projects investigates various problems vides access to the Library of Congress Classification Agriculture (S) and solutions related to cataloging. Some projects relate directly to schedule, Library ofCongress Subject Headings, and portions of the future of cataloging; others investigate the implications of the Subject Cataloging Manual: Subject Headings. emerging technologies and the broader envi- Electronic DDC. The Electronic Dewey ronment in which cataloging occurs. What Decimal Classification project uses OCLC follows is a brief overview of pertinent database creation and retrieval software and a OCLC research projects. (The ideal cataloger's work- I modified Search CD450 interface to provide a prototype stand-alone CD-ROM-based Workflow Studies station will have a graphic Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) tool. In Despite the widespread use of library auto user interface; support the addition to providing keyword access to mation, fundamental research is needed to dis DDC numbers, captions, notes, and relative cover and describe the cataloging activity in display oftext , graphics, and index terms, the system enables the user to libraries. A series of productivity studies has in video; provide advanced browse hierarchies and view related subject vestigated cataloging workflow, authorities heading information and a sample Library of ) practice, the relationships of online and local retrieval and navigation Congress MARC record. computer systems, and the interaction of hu capabilities; and interface FastCat. The FastCat project is an effort mans with computers in the accomplishment to implement various cataloging productivity of cataloging tasks. These efforts help describe seamlessly with the local tools and processes in a real cataloging envi the cataloging process based on empirical data ronment, the OCLC TechPro cataloging ser and identify those parts of the workflow that online catalog, OCLC, and vice. The FastCat system combines could be enhanced by computer products or Internet resources. '' stand-alone workstation and online catalog services. ing functionality and provides simultaneous ac- cess to the PRISM service and supplementary Applied Technology authorities and classification databases in a Under the umbrella of the Cataloger's Workstation, several windows environment. The initial FastCat system focuses on improv research prototypes seek to improve cataloging productivity by ing the assignment of subject headings and classification numbers. adapting traditional cataloging tools to the online and workstation environment using applied technologies. Prototyping cataloging Database Quality support tools involves devising and applying techniques to maxi mize retrieval and display effectiveness, link related data, and aug Whether the cataloging methods are traditional, prototypical, or ment files with additional useful information. futuristic, improved data quality is a desirable goal. Two current The ideal cataloger's workstation will have a graphic user inter projects address database quality. The Duplicate Detection and Res face; support the display of text, graphics, and video; provide ad olution project analyzed the problems associated with the creation vanced retrieval and navigation capabilities; and interface of duplicate cataloging records and devised algorithmic methods to seamlessly with the local online catalog, OCLC, and Internet re detect possible duplicates. Records deemed to be duplicates are sources. Such a workstation will also provide access to the follow merged to create a single record or flagged for manual review by ing cataloging resources: cataloging experts in OCLC's Online Data Quality Control Section. • Cataloging standards and manuals The algorithms have been implemented and are currently run against the database during non-prime hours of operation. • Authority files The Subject Headings Correction project is systematically cor recting a specially created subject headings database. Project staff • Usage data are developing software to detect and correct style, tagging, and The goal is to integrate all of these capabilities in a single work typographical errors automatically. Once corrected, the entire station. To that end, three research projects investigate components of Online Union Catalog will be updated and the corrected headings the Cataloger's Workstation. will replace erroneous headings.
OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 17 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
The Role of Imaging Technology The Experimental Library System has designed and imple mented several prototype systems designed to run over computer 1Wo OCLC research projects address the role of imaging and op networks using the UNIX operating system and the OCLC retrieval tical character recognition technologies and applications to create system. The prototype systems include a circulation system, a fam machine-readable fJ.les from paper originals. The problem of con ily of object-oriented user interfaces, UNIX network support, a verting paper documents to electronic formats had been the focus number of experimental databases, and exploratory research on the of Project ADAPT. Image scanning and character recognition are graphical display of large retrievals. central to the process, but are not sufficient. The desired goal is When the Experimental Library System project was initiated, wide· document recognition-the automated identification of the impor spread access to networked information resources was still a dream. tant structural elements of documents as well as the text. For exam In a few short years, howevet; the Internet has emerged-a global, net ple, future catalogers may be able to scan title pages to capture basic work of networks supporting millions of users daily with access to information such as title, author, and publisher. Alternatively, the tens of thousands of computer resources and databases. Cataloging in ability to embed such structure in a full-text document database this environment requires the rethinking of some basic tenets. through the formal description of document components should improve retrieval precision and add value to full~text databases. Internet Resources The Document Imaging Processing Toolbox project provides This project investigates the nature of electronic information software solutions to the problems of scanning, optical character available on the Internet and the problems associated with provid recognition, and text segmentation. ing systematic access. By analyzing information resources, the proj ect will locate and identify types of electronic information available Cataloging in a New Environment on the Internet, produce a taxonomy of this information, and as sess the theoretical and applied problems libraries face in acquiring, Despite many difficult and unanswered questions about catalog~ cataloging, indexing, storing, retrieving, and disseminating this in ing standards and practices, copyright, security, fee scales, and uni~ formation and in providing research and reference services. The versa! access, to name only a few, the advent offull~text electronic fmdings of this study will assist libraries, information providers, information systems and widespread, high~speed computer net users, and standards organizations in the continued development of works is inexorable. Well within the grasp of technology, not to say appropriate methods and standards which, in tum, will help meet society, economy, or policy, is the ''electronic library,'' which pro~ the goal of providing library services for information on the Inter vides access to a plethora of electronic resources from reference net.-Erik)ul is Communications Manager in the Office of Re and full~text databases to computing resources and integrated, mul search ([email protected]). timedia programs. These resources may be located on one or more For more information about projects of interest to you, write, computers remote from the user's workstation and connected by call, fax, or e-mail your comments or questions to the project man means of one or many intermediate network links. agers listed on the next page.
>i>btOvl•"""'' ''"".. ''"""' oftiUoo• Fast Authorities ->!>llity t • Prototype FastCat Screen 18 OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT ) Project Manager Project E-mail Address Martin Dillon, Director Internet Resources mj~ rsch.oclc.org John C. Handley, Research Scientist Document Imaging jet@ rsch .oclc.org Thomas B. Hickey, Consulting Research Scientist Experimental Library System It@ rsch.oclc.org Edward T. O'Neill, Consulting Research Scientist Duplicate Detection/Subject Headings Correction eor@ rsch.oclc.org Chandra G. Prabha, Research Scientist Cataloging and Authorities Workflow Studies cgpg;> rsch.oclc.org David J. Stephens, Systems Analyst Fast Cat dj('@ rsch.oclc.org Diane Vizine-Goetz, Senior Research Scientist Cataloger's AssistanUEiectronic DOC dvg@ rsch .oclc.org Stuart L. Weibel, Senior Research Scientist Project ADAPT stU@ rsch.oclc.org OCLC Office of Research Internet: secY@ rsch.oclc.org 6565 Frantz Road Dublin OH 43017-3395 Phone: (614) 764-6000 Fax: (614) 764-6096 U.S. Department of ''Computers and high-speed communica the discovery and use of electronic re tion networks are changing the ways in sources in a network environment. \ Education provides which knowledge is created, stored, distrib The fmdings of this study are expected grant for Internet uted, and used, and this requires a rethink to help libraries, information providers, and ing of traditional library services that have standards organizations move closer to the research evolved over centuries: locating, acquiring, goal of providing library services for com cataloging, indexing, storing, retrieving, ac puter-mediated communication on the byErikjul cessing, and disseminating information and Internet.-ErikJul is Communications providing reference services,' ' Dr. Dillon Manager, OCLC Office of Research said. ''This project is an exciting step to ([email protected]). The U.S. Department of Education has ward systematically providing these value awarded a S48,675 Library Research and adding library services for electronic Demonstration Program grant to support an information." investigation and analysis of Internet re Using published printed resources, sources to be conducted by the OCLC Of State Library of Ohio known electronic resources, and online in fice of Research. The grant funds 76 vestigation, project staff will conduct an ex provides grant for percent ofthe S63,694 project; OCLC is tensive search on the Internet to locate and contributing the balance of the project preservation research costs. The one-year project is funded from sample electronic information resources. Oct. 1, 1991, through Sept. 30, 1992, Based on data collected, project staff will de byErikjul through the federal Higher Education Act of velop and test a descriptive taxonomy of 1965, Title II-D. Internet resources and compile a list of data The State Library of Ohio has awarded a The project,' 'Assessing Information on types or fields present in electronic informa S22,072 Library Services and Construction the Internet: Toward Providing Library Ser tion. This work will complement related ef Act grant to support a preservation research vices for Computer-Mediated Communica forts undertaken by the Coalition for project that will be conducted jointly by tion,'' will investigate the nature of Networked Information and others who are The Ohio State University (OSU) Libraries electronic information available on the developing Internet resource lists and direc and the OCLC Office of Research. The bal Internet and the problems associated with tories. ance of the project's cost, S53,832, will be providing systematic access and traditional Analysis of this information is expected provided by OSU and OCLC. library services. The study, managed by to lead to a description of the nature of text The 15-month project, "A Study ofthe Martin Dillon, Director, OCLC Office of Re resources on the Internet and recommenda Magnitude and Characteristics of Book Dete search, is expected to provide a detailed tions toward the establishment, extension, rioration in Ohio Libraries," beganJuly 1, analysis of textual information on the Inter or implementation of cataloging or other de 1991 , and is being conducted by Wesley L. net. scriptive standards and methods to facilitate Boomgaarden, Preservation Officer, OSU OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 19 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Libraries, and Edward T. O'Neill, Consult copy of a tide somewhere in the state. This ing Research Scientist, OCLC. It will survey coordinated approach will reduce redun OCLC awards three the condition of books in Ohio libraries dancy in local preservation efforts and reduce published between 1851 and 1939andde the number of volumes to be preserved. research grants terrnine the number and nature of copies ' 'This study distinguishes itself by focus The OCLC Office of Research has and titles that are at risk of loss without im ing on a statewide collection and not the awarded three Library and Information mediate preservation action. holdings of a single institution,' ' said Dr. Science Research Grants (LISRG) for O'Neill. ''Rather than focusing on only the ' 'The preservation of published research 1991. Here are the grant recipients and number of physical volumes or copies at materials from the early years of the 'age of their projects. bad paper' is an important, but expensive, risk, we seek to determine the number of intellectual works or titles at risk.'' undertaking for libraries,' ' said Mr. Barbara Kwasnik, Assis The project will also characterize the ti Boomgaarden. ' 'This study will help us as tant Professor, School tles at risk by language, imprint, and sub certain the nature and extent of the preser of Information Studies, ject, to help identify those that uniquely vation challenge in Ohio in the context of Syracuse University, preserve Ohio's cultural and intellectual his the impressive nationwide preservation rni "A Descriptive Study tory.- ErikJul is Communications Man croftlming effort now under way.' ' of the Functional Com Data generated by this project can help ager, OCLC Office of Research. ponents of Browsing.'' ensure preservation of at least one usable Charles McClure, Pro fessor, School of Infor mation Studies, Syracuse University, ' 'The Future Role of Public Libraries in the Use of Non-Bib liographic, Internet/ NREN Information Services.' ' Edie Rasmussen, Assis tant Professor, School of Library and Informa tion Science, University of Pittsburgh, ' 'A Study of the Quality of Chi nese Records in the OCLC Database and a Proposal for a Rule-Based \hlidation System.' ' The LISRG program was begun in 1985 to encourage quality research by faculty in schools of library and informa tion science. Through the program, funds are available for project-related ex penditures up to aS 10,000 limit per project. Research findings must be non proprietary, and the principal investiga tors are expected to disseminate results through conferences and publications. e • Number of books and holding libraries represented in sample by county 20 OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 Cataloging in the 21 st century The way libraries catalog materials has changed dramatically since OCLC's Online System began operating 20 years ago. With recent and forthcoming advances in technology, the process will undoubtedly undergo other metamorphoses. In this issue of OCLC Newsletter we look at the directions cataloging may take in the 21st century. ) 0.,ell. a\\tY ) SPECIAL REPORT Cataloging experts look to the future Editor's note: For this Special Report, we asked members ofthe OCLC Cataloging and Database Services Advisory Committee to tell us, in 100 words or less, how cataloging will change in the 21st century. Here are their responses. Henrietta F. Angus, Head, same time, plan for the unknown needs -· ---·- Acquisitions Department, ~~~~- and opportunities of the future. - · ·-.""~I Robert Morris College _j_ A!f"~. .,;,.- ! ~ i Library, Coraopolis, Pa. .... ~~ ! &n! . Michael Kaplan, Head, Harvard College Li ' . ' ~ ;:: . brary/Faculty of Arts & Sciences Cataloging I believe there will be a blur ~=-&--_.~.~. ·- ~'~ - . Support Service and Coordinator for ring of the role of copy cata ~ . ~ ~-- !~ ; ~,.,,,,,~ ~ OCLC/NELINET Operations for Harvard Col logers and original catalogers. lege Library, Cambridge, Mass. This trend has already begun in large research and public Cataloging in the next century (which is ~r~~-u also the next millennium!) will be charac libraries but it should trickle down to smaller academic and public li terized by an accelerated evolution of the braries due to the installation of local sys trends of the last decade: miniaturization of systems and density of storage, distrib tems. Major reorganization of technical ~ .,.. ~HHIHI~ ~~~ uted cataloging on local systems, and fi services departments has taken place since ~ . nally creation of a truly (inter)national the introduction of OCLC in the '70s and ~·~ .,. '80s and w ill continue to take place with database or linked databases. To create ~~~ this we have to pledge ourselves to sharing the introduction of local systems in the I smaller libraries. Also, there will be a con- ' our own records and to linking systems centrated push for enhanced subject access seamlessly-all for the common library for local systems. Major changes in LCSH will have to take good. All the world's bibliographic data in your hand? Why place. not?-then this evolution would be a revolution in bibliogra phy and scholarship-and a portable one at that! Judith Fox, Head, Cataloging & Classification Services, Washington University Libraries, St. Louis, Mo. Duncan T.D. Irvine, Chief Cataloguer, Andersonian Library, Uni versity of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Great Britain The definition and scope of cataloging will change in the 21st century as the defmition and range of the online catalog In my view, there will be a three-fold change in cataloguing in the grows. Although minimal level cataloging is currently being 21st century. Firstly, there must be a vast increase in the per discussed and implemented in many libraries, enhancement centage of intellectual works held by a library, which is actu of records will be a high priority in the 21st century. Catalog ally catalogued. Present estimates indicate that only three percent ing will be involved not only with the enhancement of re of the intellectual works held in a library are properly recorded cords but also with other added features in the online catalog. in the catalogue, and this is entirely dependent on whether A major challenge for cataloging will be integrating new the work is published separately, or as part of an anthology or types of information into the online database structure in a collected works. Therefore cooperative analytical catalogu cost-effective manner. Catalogers will need to preserve, en ing is the only answer. Secondly, subject cataloguing will ex hance, and improve the work done in the past while, at the pand dramatically. I foresee automatic, multi-faceted searches, 22 OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 SPECIAL REPORT incorporating natural language terms, enhanced thesauri, A hypertext front-end will assist the user in selecting the de class-numbers, etc. , using contents lists, chapter headings, and sired items by guiding him/her through a series of search re book or equivalent indexes. Thirdly, there will be far greater finements and ultimately presenting access options and emphasis on end-document delivery, rather than mere cita associated costs. When large collections and their contents tion listing. Using stratified bibliographic control (local, re can be queried, the kind of access to a collection that a cata gional, national, international), there should be instantaneous log provides will no longer be desirable. transference from one level of catalogue to another, until the requisite document or data set has been traced and transmit Carol]. White, Head of Cataloging/Bibliographic Control Officer ted electronically to the end user. Much of this will be trans and Associate Librarian, University of Wyoming Libraries, Laramie, parent and software-driven, and will be contingent upon Wyo. enhanced international cooperation via OCLC. The future will be terrific, and is closer than one thinks. The biggest change in cataloging will be brought on by ad vancing technology and more economies demanded by librar Z IW Carlen Ruschoff, Head, Cataloging Department, ies. Cataloging will be reduced to a form of indexing and Lauinger Library, Georgetown University, Wash coding and will be primarily performed by specialist catalog ington, D.C. ers employed by publishing firms. The catalog product will Cataloging as we know it will become unnec differ significantly from today's MARC record. Together with essary. As more information becomes avail the coded indexing, scanning technologies will enable pub able in machine-readable form, the library will lishers to transmit data upon publication. Catalogers in librar evolve into an electronic virtual library con ies will organize and manage these data for their local systems sisting of digitized texts and images residing in which will have more text storage and manipulation capabili L • local and remote databases. In place of the cat- ties. Local systems will transmit a library's ownership and alog will be a flexible, thesaurus-assisted search engine which any additional enhancements to the catalog product to the ) has the capability to search complete texts in these databases. national utility. Dewey in the 21st 20 and Abridged Edition 12 now exist in rangement, library users can have the bene updatable, machine-readable form. fit of a classified catalog without the library century: building a The DDC database makes it possible to incurring the expense of renumbering and classification system generate electronic products to assist classi rearranging books on the shelf. Classifica fiers and catalogers in their day-to-day tion systems will also be a source of vocab for the computer age work. A prototype CD-ROM version of ulary enhancement, structured thesauri, Dewey, with advanced search and and hierarchical ' 'knowledge-trees'' in by Peter]. Paulson ''windowing'' features, and a concordance OPACs of the future, providing new tools with Library of Congress Subject Headings, to assist users. is already an active research project at Melvil Dewey was always looking for Classification systems, thought of by many OCLC. The research project also supports new ways to use the DOC. For example, in 1912 he wrote an article on the use of the librarians in North America as convenient the development of an electronic worksta DOC as an office filing system. The avail ways to mark and park books, will take on tion for catalogers and will yield useful ability of the DDC database offers new op new roles and importance in the computer data for other online presentations of ized subject-access systems of the 21st cen portunities for rethinking the uses of Dewey. tury. As standardized systems for ordering classification systems in the libraries of the A landmark study on the use of classifi and structuring knowledge, they have great 21st century.- Peter J. Paulson is Execu cation systems for subject searching in an potential for improving subject retrieval, as tive Director, OCLC Forest Press. sisting users in understanding a field of online public access catalog (OPAC) was study, facilitating compatibility between completed by Karen Markey at OCLC a few databases, and partitioning large data fLies. years ago. The study compared an online Forest Press began building the Dewey catalog that had traditional subject search Decimal Classification database in 1984. capabilities with a catalog enhanced by Five years later, the database was used to browsing displays and subject keywords publish the 20th edition of the Dewey Dec from the DDC. The conclusion: The use imal Classification (DOC). This database is of data from the DDC schedules, tables, maintained and updated by the DOC edi and index increased the number of rele tors at the Library of Congress, using a so vant items retrieved from an OPAC. phisticated microcomputer-based editorial Because the use of classification data in support system. The full text of both DDC an OPAC can be independent of shelf ar- OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 23 SPECIAL REPORT Database clean-up number of descriptive fields. Unique infor now users have identified and reported mation from a deleted record, as well as duplicates and we have corrected those rec improves cataloging, holdings and a cross-reference in the 019 ords manually.' ' ILL, and reference field, are transferred to the retained record. Edward T. O'Neill, Consulting Research Having fewer duplicate records in the Scientist in OCLC's Office of Research, has database means greater precision in search been studying database quality since 1986. by Nancy Campbell ing, whether libraries are using OCLC for Instead of taking the ''deterministic tree'' cataloging, interlibrary lending, or refer approach, where if enough elements match A new ·'cleaning crew'' -software called ence. Holdings for a single item are consoli then records are declared duplicates, Dr. the Duplicate Detection and Resolution dated in a single record rather than being O'Neill knew enough about the behavior (DDR) system-is improving the quality of spread among several duplicates. As re of the OCLC database to take an ''artificial the Online Union Catalog by identifying cords are merged, the resulting records intelligence'' approach to discovering and merging duplicate records. In its first contain more descriptive data. duplicates. month the new system merged 30,000 re Duplicate records are an inherent prob ''Based on previous studies, we have cords, the number of records that OCLC weighted each element for its likelihood of staff had been merging manually in one lem in large databases such as the OCLC Online Union Catalog. Typographical er error or reliability,'' said Dr. O'Neill. ''Essen year. tially the algorithm looks at the overall simi The new software moves through an rors are easy to make. Cataloging rules have changed over the years, making once larity of records rather than requiring any online index called the Extended Tide particular set of elements to match exactly.' ' Index that was expressly created for the perfect records inconsistent with records ' 'We have taken a very conservative ap Duplicate Detection Resolution system, cataloged according to new rules. Vari proach,' ' said Ms. Kircher, ' 'in order to pro identifying potential pairs of duplicate re ances in how different catalogers interpret tect as many valid viewpoints as we could.' ' cords. These candidate-pair bibliographic cataloging rules will lead to different re According to Doug Perkins, Manager, records are compared in great detail. Up to cords for identical books. OCLC Database Quality Section and DDR 14 different areas of the records are used. ''For years, OCLC has wanted a ma Project Manager, who led the analysts and If the records appear to closely match, they chine method of reducing the number of programmers who developed and imple are merged according to a hierarchy based duplicates in the database,' ' said Pam on cataloging source, encoding level, and Kircher, Product Manager for DDR. ''Until mented the software, ''DDR is a good exam ple of OCLC creating a production system from the results of a research project.' ' Although DDR's purpose is to eliminate duplicate records from the Online Union Catalog, its scrutinization of cataloging practices has uncovered issues that OCLC will bring to the library community for consensus. ''Catalogers create and use the database, but it is also used for other pur poses, including reference and interlibrary loan,'' said Ms. Kircher. ''We have found cataloging issues that have impact on other uses of the database, such as whether identical items from multi national publishers require separate re cords in the database when, for example, one was published in Berlin and the other in New York,'' she said. ''Another issue has to do with reprinted books and cor rectly distinguishing between the publica • A project team of OCLC staff developed the Duplicate Detection and Resolution system. tion date and the printing date. While Team members include (left to right) front row: Bruce Mortland, Systems Analyst; Carol Davis, items may have different places of publica Online Data Quality Control Section Manager; Alice Seyfried, Programmer/Analyst; Pam tion or different printing dates, for interlibr Kircher, Database Specialist; Jane Woodward, Systems Analyst; and Doug Perkins, Database ary loan and reference purposes they may Quality Section Manager. Back row: Mike Oskins, Consulting Systems Analyst; Edward both meet the need of the user.''- Nancy O'Neill, Consulting Research Scientist; Robert Bremer, Quality Control Librarian; Walt Shy, Systems Analyst; and Jeff Young, Systems Analyst. Campbell is Public Relations Writer, OCLC. 24 OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 INTERVIEW Michael Gorman The first editor ofAACR2 looks at the future ofcatalogi ng we had to revert to the old days in large librar Michael Gorman is Dean of Library Services at the ies, where 80 percent of the cataloging now Henry Madden Library, California State University, being done is copy cataloging performed by Fresno. From 1977 to 1988, he worked at the Uni catalogers who are not librarians, the expense versity of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Library, as, successively, Director of Technical Services, Direc would cause the system to collapse. The eco tor of General Services, and Acting University Li nomics of online cataloging have changed brarian. From 1966 to 1977, he was successively, technical processing enormously. We've had ''The extent to which Head of Cataloguing at the British National Bibli to think about all aspects of the cataloging pro cataloging is ography, a member of the British Library Planning cess. We've had to reconsider the role of the Secretariat, and Head of the Office of Bibliographic automated will Standards in the British Library. He has taught at li- clerical and paraprofessional in libraries. It's \ brary schools in his native Britain and in the United been demonstrated quite clearly that if you depend on how )States, most recently as Visiting Professor at the Uni use OCLC rationally, you can get a lot of work dominant electronic versity of California, Berkeley, School of Library done using people who are not librarians. It documents are going and Information Science (sununer sessions). has made the paraprofessionals' and clericals' He is the first editor of the Anglo-American Cata to b~ and I don't loguing Rules, second edition (1978) and of there lives more interesting and the library more think anyone really vision of that work (1988). He is the author of The cost efficient. In libraries in which online cata knows that. ' ' Concise AACR2 (1989), editor of and contributor to loging is done properly, the librarians aren't Technical Services Today and Tomorrow (1990), wasting their time doing copy cataloging. The and editor of Convergence (proceedings of the 2nd librarians who catalog are doing more special National LITh Conference), published in 1991. He is also author of more than 100 articles in profes ized or difficult cataloging, because the 20 per sional and scholarly journals. He has contributed cent of cataloging that isn't copy cataloging is chapters to a number of books and is the author or more complicated. In fact, the generalist cata editor of other books and monographs. He has loger doesn't have much of a future compared given numerous presentations at international, na with the cataloger with special skills in, for ex tional, and state conferences. Mr. Gorman is a fellow of the (British) Library As ample, music, foreign languages, or rare books. sociation and the 1979 recipient of the Margaret Another result of online cataloging is that Mann Citation. we've had to cooperate. In the early days of OCLC, there was kind of a mass delusion that only LC and one's own library could do cata Newsletter: Online cataloging h as been loging satisfactorily, and that no other library's around now for 20 years. What has been cataloging was acceptable. It was weird, and the result? eventually, online cataloging brought to light an attitude that was so stupid and wasteful Gorman: The most significant result has that it had to change. been to revolutionize the economics of librar Another significant result of online catalog ies. I don't think a single library could survive ing is that, for the first time in history, we have a ftoday if, God forbid, OCLC would perish. If current, accessible, national union catalog. OCLC New sletter July/August 1991 25 INTERVIEW When the last volume of the printed National adapt AACR2 to online systems that contain Union Catalog came out in 1981, there was not only cataloging records but indexes to not a book in it that was less than 2 5 years journal articles and full text and abstracts. In old-the imprints were all pre-1956. The telligent terminals may have to guide you national online union catalog, however, has through various databases of different types of books in it that were cataloged yesterday. records. It's unlikely journal articles will be in The advantage of an online union catalog is dexed a la AACR2. quite clear; it lets you really cooperate, really share resources, and really do the kinds of things that our users want. Newsletter: Will cataloging become mechanized? Can expert systems or arti ficial intelligence replace much of what Newsletter: You were an editor of the cataloger does? AACR2. Have your views of AACR2 changed over the years? Gorman: Personally, I don't think so. Perhaps ''.. .anything that that's because I'm a lapsed cataloger. I don't takes away from see that expert systems would be that econom broad sharing takes Gorman: AACR2 was published in 1978, and ical. A human expert system is probably I've always thought it was a rather conserva cheaper and better than an artillcial one when away from tive document. When it first came out, it was the principle of it comes to cataloging complex materials. The greeted with expressions of doom and fore extent to which cataloging is automated will Universal casts of the end of civilization as we know it. depend on how dominant electronic docu Bibliographic Ten years later, hardly anyone noticed when ments are going to be, and I don't think any Control and is) ifI the revision came out. AACR2 is the best code one really knows that. Ifa substantial number can say so without we can have in the political climate that we of documents are in electronic form, you have. The idea of having a perfect cataloging could work out ways to make them almost sounding pious) code done by committee is just not realistic. unethical. ' ' self-cataloging. If, however, you're still deal The really famous cataloging codes were the ing with a substantial number of print docu products of one person-Panizzi, Cutter, ments, you are going to need catalogers. Lubetzsky. Nowadays, you have a committee, and you have to have every point of view and every special interest group represented. The Newsletter: Do you still believe in a sys only changes that get made are the ones that tem of universal bibliographic control in are so patently obvious that all parties can which it would be necessary for only one agree to them. As the years go by, the margin library to catalog an item and no other li for change gets smaller and smaller. AACR2 brary, including the Library of Congress, will go on being fiddled with. We have would have to catalog it? AACR2.5 and willhaveAACR2.75 and 2.9. However, the next major change should be to Gorman: Universal Bibliographic Control is ward a completely different document that one of the most inspiring goals ever formulated deals with the creation of authority records in our profession. It's part of universal access. and bibliographic descriptions, which would It's a goal that we will probably never reach. let us get away from the nonsense of main en On the other hand, I can see signs that attitudes tries and concentrate on standardized descrip are changing. An awful lot of libraries need tions reached by way of multi-dimensional cataloging from whatever source. OCLC is the access points. AACR2 will meet our future national network because it's the one agency needs up to a point. I don't think we can that makes all those records available to every- 26 OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 INTERVIEW ) body. A big library needs cataloging copy from all over the place, not just other big li braries. When I was at the University of Illi nois, a third of our cataloging records came from LC, a third from other ARL institutions, and the other third from libraries of all kinds, one or two titles from anywhere. That's the genius of the shared cataloging system-any thing that takes away from broad sharing takes away from the principle of Universal Biblio graphic Control and is, if I can say so without sounding pious, unethical. Newsletter: What changes, if any, would you make in the way cataloging is taught in library schools? Gorman: Cataloging should be taught to allli y arians because it's the way in which librari i ns should think. In an ideal world, you should spend your first semester in library school doing nothing but cataloging. It's a mistake to think that cataloging should only Michael Gorman be taught to those librarians who wish to be come catalogers. If you don't understand the as a way to think, as the spine oflibrarianship. way in which knowledge and information are Those people who are going to be catalogers recorded and organized for retrieval, then you might take more advanced courses. In the can't really function as a librarian of any kind. end, you need more than a superficial knowl For example, if you don't know something edge of cataloging to work as a librarian. about Panizzi, then you can't use the British Museum Catalogue, which is a major biblio graphic resource. If you don't know anything Newsletter: What's the number-one about cataloging, you can't think like a librar problem in cataloging? ian. It's sort of like a doctor not knowing anat omy, or a psychiatrist knowing nothing about Gorman: My guess is economics. Persuading Freud. Cataloging is the intellectual frame administrators that the cost of creating author work in which professionallibrarianship ex ity ftles and databases for online systems is ists. I don't know why libraries can't fmd worth it. In the early days of online catalog catalogers. I suppose the staff has shrunk be ing, a lot of people bought into the idea that cause of OCLC. I suspect that catalogers are an cataloging was no longer going to be neces aging population. I think you should come sary in machine-readable environments. That out of library school as a librarian, not as a cat has not turned out to be true. You need stan aloger or a reference librarian. You should be dard access points in order to manipulate the ~ble to apply the skills you've learned in a vari- record. It's an expensive business. You now y of contexts. Cataloging should be taught have to convince administrators about the OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 27 INTERVIEW cost-benefits of something they never used to bibliographic information such as full think about, which was what was going on in text files? their cataloging departments. When you start seeing bills for online systems and the expense Gorman: I'm a real skeptic about full-text of AACR2, then managers start to wonder files. I can't understand how you can control what is going on, and their curiosity ranges retrieval in massive, general, full-text files. A from casual interest to being bibliographic massive database of texts in the social sci Luddites. Is the cost worth the benefit when ences, which have a notoriously flaccid vocab the benefit is intangible to the library at the ulary, would defy a rational system. I'm not time? Unless everyone continues to contrib sure why you would want full-text electronic ute shared cataloging records, we aren't going files in such a case. I'd rather have a library of to have a national system from which we all well-cataloged books. Electronic publications benefit. It reminds me of the story of the will be fme as additions to print media. Tech three people on the desert island. ' 'We're nical reports would be ideal for electronic going to starve,'' one says. ' 'No,'' says an publication, but I don't know how you apply ' 'In the early days other. ' 'We can make money taking in each bibliographic rules to full-text files. The ofonline other's washing.'' amount of noise generated by huge full-text cataloging a lot of files would be deafening. people bought into Newsletter: Is the relationship between cataloging and reference changing? the idea that Newsletter: What needs to be done to the cataloging was no MARC format 20 years after its inception? longer going to be Gorman: I believe strongly that it's changing and that it should change. The vehicle for necessary in change has been the advent of online catalogs, Gorman: I believe the MARC format was a machine-readable which has required that technical services li wrong turning in the frrst place, but on the environments. brarians and reference librarians work to other hand, I'm a realist. At this point, we That has not turned gether on the same project. Reference staff can't go back and make the MARC record a true computer record rather than an elec out to be true. '' begin to see the complexities, and technical services staff begin to see the practical applica tronic catalog card. It's not feasible because tions of cataloging. I also believe in what there are too many MARC records out there. Hugh Atkinson called ''holistic librarianship.' ' My guess is that we'll use the MARC format in We shouldn't see ourselves as belonging to sub various innovative ways, for example, using professions but, rather, as practicing the same pointers to authority records or other data profession whether we're in academic or spe rather than embedding everything in the bib cial libraries. Please riote that library users like liographic record. We have to work around it. small libraries because they get real librarians It's an international standard. We can't redo with a range of skills that can help them with the whole thing. But, I'll always maintain that their particular problems. in hindsight we should have revised the entire thing and left the catalog card behind. Newsletter: As other databases are loaded onto library systems, retrieval problems Newsletter: With remote access to infor start to appear because these different mation available in an increasing number databases were designed with different of libraries, do cataloging rules have to rules. How can the principles of organiza change? Does the way we describe tion ofinformation be applied to non- things bibliographically have to change 28 OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 INTERVIEW ) because people have the option of not Gorman: To me, the big issue for OCLC is coming to the library to use the library? how do you work out an economic structure that will encourage contribution and reduce Gorman: The rules for bibliographic descrip duplication. How do you work it out so that tion don't have to change. The access points there isn't all the duplication going on? In are the same in principle whether you're in some states, the libraries all buy the same the library or in your office or your den. But, book, they make new records, but they could I'm not sure the premise is correct. I don't only use one record once from OCLC. Before think it follows that if I can search the library LC started selling cards, library catalogs were catalog from my office, I won't ever come to stand-alone things. Now, local systems are tak the library. While I'm not exactly sure why ing us backwards by leaps and bounds. If they people come to the library, they come for don't contribute to the national database, many reasons besides access to information. they're a drag rather than a help. I think that People are still coming to my library. Libraries the grass roots are going to have to work this are used very heavily. It seems to me that re out. Our national bibliographic system has to grow from below, not be imposed from mote access is going to be an additional ser above-it's got to be a series of accommoda vice. There are some things about remote tions between the national network and the ''Our national access that make library use more likely. If local systems. If the local systems opt out, bibliographic system you have access to a periodical index, you'll we'll revert to old structures that are stupid },robably get up and go to the library and get it has to grow from and duplicative. It's marching in the opposite yourself rather than go though some complex below, not be direction. It's not the cutting edge, but the imposedfrom procedure to have it sent to you. Plus, you blunt edge, of library cooperation. I would never know what kind of interaction with a hate to see us have local catalogs and have to above... '' reference librarian will do to help you with dial into everyone else's local catalogs instead your question. The vision that everyone in ac of having a national level of information. It's ademe will be sitting in their offices reading ridiculous to go back to going from library to printouts doesn't seem reasonable to me at all. library, as we did with old-style interlibrary CD-ROM stimulates activity. In our library, cir loan requests. culation, interlibrary loan, periodical use, and microform use have all gone up, absolutely skyrocketed, because people have easy access Newsletter: Carol Mandel and Dorothy to information through CDs. When patrons Gregor recently addressed the need for can fmd things, there is a huge boost in overall cataloging simplification in Libraryjour use of the library. The premise is misguided. nal (April1, 1991 ). They wrote that "Cat Both access and ownership are important. Ac aloging must change.'' How do you think cess to materials that you can have instantly is it should change? very important to people. People don't want to wait; they want materials right now, not in Gonnan: I've always felt that many catalogers a week. When it comes to access and collec are bibliographic Puritans who are more inter tions, it's not an either/or situation. ested in rooting out error than enhancing and enriching information. If you have less informa tion put into a database, then you have less to re Newsletter: What is the role of the na trieve. The richer the store ofinformation, the tional database versus local and regional more useful the database is. I prefer to look at Jatabases? simplification as enhancing and enriching, OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 29 INTERVIEW rather than correcting other people's mistakes. Gorman: The big message I'm getting is that If you end up with simple records, you end up users actually like catalogs. They didn't realize with a simple database. Let the frrst cataloger the number of things they could do with an create a record to the best of his or her ability, online catalog. Catalog use is going up, and and you and I can add things to that record the level of user satisfaction is quite high. and make it richer. I think we need to simplify With keyword and subject searching, users are cataloging procedures. Most libraries don't getting results that they could never have be need to go through the gyrations they do to fore with the card catalog. The only problem get to LC rules interpretations. The LC inter is that the card catalog used to bury cataloger's pretations of cataloging rules are the fault of mistakes. Online systems, however, bring out the library community. We asked for them, these mistakes, and as a result, we have huge and we've been brainwashed into believing database maintenance problems. that, mentally, we're all sitting in \v.lshington, Problems or not, I'm absolutely upbeat on D.C., and doing cataloging. Our rules are the future of cataloging in the 21st century. based on the notion that there's a right answer We can see the top of the hill. The online cat to everything, and that everything has to be alog is a manifestation of a total online sys ''correct.'' I say, create a record and add to it. tem. We must keep going and add other If you don't like the subject headings, for ex databases, indexes, and catalogs. We're build ample, add some that you like. ing user-friendly systems now. They are eas ier to use than manual catalogs and give peo ple what they want. The nature of the cata Newsletter: In your experience, what loging task hasn't changed, but our ideas and are users telling librarians about their techniques are now being used in a new, online catalogs? multi-dimensional environment. • 30 OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 PRODUCT NEWS ) Faxon Research ies and users who need instant access and electronic reference services. We are very rapid delivery of information and docu pleased to be able to work cooperatively Services and OCLC ments.'' with an organization which is so key to li announce journal Faxon Finder and Faxon Xpress will be brary services.' ' available through the OCLC EPIC and First SilverPlatter, a leader in the CD-ROM article table of Search services in early 1992. field, currently provides, among its 60 contents and Faxon Research Services is an informa databases, five that are in OCLC's Search tion company committed to developing CD450 series-ERIC, GPO Monthly Cata document delivery products and ''just-in-time'' information log, Agricola, Current Research Informa service services for all types of libraries and knowl tion System (CRIS), and National Technical edge workers in academia, government, Information Service (NTIS)-and will offer business, and industry. an immediate substitution option to Search OCLC and Faxon Research Services, a sub CD450 subscribers. OCLC will also pro sidiary of The Faxon Company, have duce at least one more update of each of signed an agreement to provide Faxon these databases. Finder and Faxon Xpress through the OCLC and SilverPiatter Silver Platter has begun developing com OCLC network to more than 11 ,000 librar pact disc products for the six remaining ies in the United States and Canada. form strategic alliance OCLC Search CD450 databases-Earth Sci Faxon Finder is a database of tables of ences, Selected Water Resources Abstracts, contents information for more than SilverPlatter Information, Inc. and OCLC Music Library, Computer Library, Educa 10,000 journals in science, engineering, have formed a strategic alliance in which tion Library, and Environment Library business, and medicine. OCLC users will SilverPlatter will produce, market, and dis and OCLC will continue to sell, renew, and be able to search for information in Faxon tribute SilverPlatter 's compact disc produce regularly scheduled updates for ) Finder on the OCLC EPIC and FirstSearch database products as replacements for these databases until Silver Platter is ready services. Articles indexed in Faxon Finder most of OCLC's Search CD450 compact to produce them. will be available for facsimile or other disc database products. As part of the Mr. Hearty said the alliance will allow forms of delivery through Faxon Xpress, agreement, OCLC and Silver Platter will ex OCLC to more closely follow its strategic Faxon Research Services' document deliv plore the development of an online link be corporate direction of concentrating on ery service. tween the EPIC service and SilverPlatter's online services. He said OCLC will con Dr. K. Wayne Smith, OCLC President CD-ROM database products that have coun tinue CD-ROM production in the areas of and CEO, said the new services will have a terparts on the EPIC service. Also being ex full-text and specialized databases such as profound impact on library operations. plored is the development of connections DiscLit: American Authors, a full-text ' 'OCLC member libraries have expressed a to OCLC's Interlibrary Loan (ILL) and docu database of key volumes in Twayne's clear need for such services through the ment ordering systems. United States Authors Series, and School work of the OCLC Users Council. The stra ''Through this agreement, OCLC com Match, which helps families determine tegic alliance of Faxon Research Services pact disc users will have access to a com which school system or private school best and OCLC will enable us to introduce a mon interface shared by a multitude of matches their needs, which are not in document delivery service that will be databases,'' according to John Hearty, cluded in the agreement with SilverPlatter. more reliable, more complete, and avail OCLC Director of Reference Services. According to &Ia Hatvany, SilverPlatter's able sooner and at lower prices than would ' 'And in the near future, SilverPlatter users Chairman of the Board, ''SilverPlatter has be possible with each organization work may be linked to the most recent informa been actively developing a strategy and ing independently.' ' tion through online connections to the plan toward the Electronic Reference Li Tom Michalak, President and CEO of EPIC databases and access to OCLC 's ILL brary. Our alliance with OCLC is another Faxon Research Services, stated: ' 'Our alli and document ordering systems,'' he said. step in that direction. It illustrates our com ance with OCLC is a bold commitment to ' 'We believe this is a positive first step in es mitment to work with other companies in developing innovative, 'just-in-time' infor tablishing a complete electronic reference the industry, embarking on a new era of in mation services. Journal contents informa library for both OCLC and SilverPlatter formation technology.' ' tion services, linked directly with speedy users." delivery systems, utilizing state-of-the-art Susan Bergman, Vice President of computing technologies, provide another SilverPiatter's Academic Publishing Divi step toward realization of the vision of the sion, notes that, ' 'The alliance with OCLC electronic library. Faxon Research Services furthers SilverPlatter's commitment to pro will be working closely with OCLC staff vide a wide array ofquality reference prod over the next six months to bring Faxon ucts for the library community and to Finder and Faxon Xpress services to librar- explore the potential for more integrated OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 31 PRODUCT NEWS OCLC begins 600,000· which began a 17 5,000-title conversion catalog and will be in a position to have bet project with OCLC in)anuary 1991. ter collection management procedures.' ' title conversion project ''We considered the various alternative Retrospective Conversion staff will cre for the Queen's methods of undertaking the task,' ' said ate monthly OCLC-MARC tapes that will be Norman Russell, Queen's University Librar sent to BLCMP (Library Services) Limited University of Belfast ian, ' 'and are convinced that only OCLC for conversion to UK MARC format before could provide the quality of records re the data is added to the Queen's University A contract has been signed by OCLC and quired, within the desired time scale, and BLSsystem. The Queen's University of Belfast, a mem at an acceptable price.' ' The history of The Queen's University ber ofBLCMP (Library Services) Limited, According to Maureen Finn, Manager, of Belfast dates back to 1845 when it was for the retrospective conversion of approx OCLC Retrospective Conversion and Tech founded as Queen's College, Belfast, one of imately 600,000 bibliographic records. nical Processing Department, the conver three university colleges in Ireland. The ''This contract is the second of many sion will include mostly records for University Library was begun in 1849 and conversion projects which OCLC Europe monographs and about 7,000 serials. has grown to a collection of approximately will pursue in association with BLCMP (Li ' 'We're anticipating that approximately 11 1 million items. Throughout its history it brary Services) Limited, one ofOCLC percent of the collection will be added as has been regarded not only as a resource Europe's partners in the United Kingdom," new records to the OCLC Online Union for the University but also as a resource for said Phyllis Bova Spies, Vice President, Catalog," she said. all of Northern Ireland. OCLC International and Conversion Ser Ms. Finn said the project, which began vices. OCLC Europe and BLCMP, both lo in May 1991, will take approximately 36 cated in Birmingham, England, are months to complete. working together to facilitate retrospective " In three years' time," said Trevor Lyt conversion of records in BLCMP-member li tle, Associate Librarian, Technical Services, Use of Group Access braries using the OCLC database. The flrst The Queen's University of Belfast, ''we ex Capability grows contract under this agreement was with pect to have much better access to our col the Guildhall Library, London, England, lections through our online public access by Nita Dean State libraries are fmding Group Access Ca pability (GAC) provides a cost-effective Guildhall Library way to provide national networking bene catalog cards travel fits to all libraries within the state. The GACs, which provide OCLC Inter from London to OCLC library Loan Subsystem access to both OCLC member and nonmember libraries within cooperative groups, have grown to a total of 74 groups since the option was in troduced in 1984. There are 25 statewide • In February, the OCLC Retrospective groups, 31 regional groups, 13 special Conversion and Technical Processing groups, and 5 multistate/provincelterritory Department began work on a 175,000-title groups. project for the Guildhall Library. Before the According to Paul Cappuzzello, OCLC project began, Eileen Yandolino, OCLC Retrospective Conversion Specialist, visited Senior Marketing Representative, GACs ben the Library in London, England, and brought efit all group members by making their back 22,000 hand- written catalog cards. In holdings apparent and accessible, but June, Irene Gilchrist, Principal Reference smaller libraries beneflt particularly from Librarian at Guildhall Library, came to OCLC the expanded access to resources at an af with a shipment of an additional 35,000 fordable price. cards. Ms. Gilchrist, pictured here with In Michigan, Library Services and Con Senior Operator, Brenna Cupps, spent a struction Act Title III federal funding has week at OCLC reviewing the project's progress. been used to support the development of a statewide GAC made up of 244 libraries of all types. According to jeffjohnson , Dep uty State Librarian at the Library of Michi gan, the statewide database currently consists of more than 16 million items. 32 OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 PRODUCT NEWS ) Mr. Johnson said the development of in size; it's almost taken on a dynamism of A teaching kit has been prepared for GACs, which allow access to the OCLC its own because of the value inherent in the each of the new editions: Unabridged DOC database by smaller libraries as selective OCLC system.'' 20andAbridgedDDC 12. Akitisalso users, has fundamentally changed the pic Mr. McGinn said GACs are the best way to available for the completely revised 780 ture for networking. ''Smaller libraries are get the most productivity for the state's Music class. signing on as GAC participants, and many money. ' 'A book purchased with tax dollars ' 'The kits can be used by library are also contributing their records to the at one end of the state is now available to schools, continuing education providers, database,'' he said. ''It's expanding access users at the other end of the state.' '-Nita individual libraries, state library agencies, li for smaller libraries and opening the collec Dean is Editor of the OCLC Newsletter. brary cooperatives and library associa tions oflarger resource collections to easy tions,'' said Peter]. Paulson, Executive searching by libraries throughout the state.' ' Director, OCLC Forest Press. ''They will be He said another benefit is the combin ready to ship for the fall semester.' ' ing of small and large libraries in one sys Instruction kit on DDC ' 'This is the first time a visual aid for tem. ''I think the long-term effect will be teaching Dewey has been offered by Forest to help overcome geographic distances use available from Press,'' said Mr. Paulson. ''The visual-aid that have been a problem for Michigan li OCLC Forest Press kit is part of a broader Forest Press pro braries in the past.'' gram to support library education and to The number of libraries participating in meet the training needs of Dewey users.' ' a statewide GAC in Missouri will double The concept of Dewey : Making It LffiRAJIY SCIIOOLS I) CO~"'''NUUNG EDUCATIONPROI'ID BRS Work for lbu was developed by Patricia G. this fall. The 79 OCLC members and 20 se INDMDUAL LmKARIES LmRAIIY COOPBRATJVES lective users in the Missouri Interlibrary S1l\TE LffiRAIIY AGENCIIlS LffiRAIIY ASSOCIATIONS Oyler, Professor of Library and Informa Loan Group will be joined by 108libraries tion Science at Simmons College and a vet which have accepted the Missouri State eran workshop leader. Dr. Oyler has Library's invitation to participate. The drawn heavily on her experiences in the ) State Library has offered to pay the costs of classroom and at various workshops across DEWEY: the country. Problems and answers used in profiling, annual OCLC/MLNC network Making It Work for HJu fees, and transaction and communication the kits were prepared by the Dewey edi costs for each new library's first 100 OCLC tors at the Library of Congress. ILL transactions in fiscal91/92. To obtain information on prices and a Monteria Hightower, Associate Commis brochure describing the kits, write OCLC sioner for Libraries and State Librarian, said () Forest Press, 85 Watervliet Ave. , Albany, the State Library's intent is to promote the NY 12206. development of library services to all the Visual AkiS for Teachels and Workshop Leadefs The Forest Press Division of OCLC is and the publisher of the Dewey Decimal Classi people of Missouri equally. ' 'Our philoso Publications Indispensable phy is to have networks as technological to teaching and understanding fication. Dewey In the Nineteen Nineties linkages, rather than organizational enti ties,'' she said. Forest Press OCLC ~'~~ According to Bill Davis, Senior Associ DEWEY DECDIAL CIASSIPICATIOS M1l RELATIVE ll'o1lBX ate Library Services and Networking at the Blackwell North Missouri State Library, the support and en A visual-aid kit for instructors and work couragement of those libraries (mostly aca shop leaders who teach the use of the America processes demic) already participating in the GAC Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) is OLUC subject have made it possible for the state library now available from OCLC Forest Press. to provide a financial incentive to other li Dewey: Making It Work for lbu con headings braries to participate. tains framed transparencies (paper masters By the end of December 1991 , every li that can be copied or converted to trans Blackwell North America, Inc. has pro brary in North Carolina will be required to parencies are also available) that provide a cessed 700,000 subject headings in the use OCLC for Interlibrary Loan. After that, step-by-step visual guide to finding the cor OCLC Online Union Catalog (OLUC). said North Carolina State Librarian Howard rect DOC classification number; problem Blackwell has used its subject authority McGinn, the state library will not do any and answer work sheets for students; a control system to review the 700,000 head more searches for libraries or accept ALA teacher's guide; supplemental materials; ings, correct several categories of errors, forms. and a license to copy for instructional pur and update the headings to current Library Mr. McGinn said the GAC in North Caro- poses. of Congress practice. The 700,000 head lina was formed five years ago. ' 'It's work ings, which occur in 7 . 2 million of the 24 ) ing,' ' he said. ''The database has doubled million bibliographic records in the OCLC OCLC New sletter July/August 1991 33 PRODUCT NEWS database, are in the 650 and 651 fields (topi example, a teacher presenting a unit on cal and geographic subject added entries). T. S. Eliot could find bibliographic citations They are coded as LC headings. for books about Eliot as well as sound re ''The Blackwell Subject Heading Correc cordings of his poems, including 'Cats,' the tion project will improve the quality of sub Broadway musical.'' ject headings in the OLUC,'' said Carol DiscLit requires a PC-compatible or PS/2 Davis, Manager, OCLC Online Data Quality microcomputer with 640K of RAM and a Control Section. ''It also will enhance cata 20MB hard disk, plus a CD-ROM drive with loging productivity and improve retrieval MS-DOS Extensions 2.0 and higher. of OLUC records in OCLC's EPIC service.' ' The U.S. price for DiscLit is S995. Addi The enhanced headings will be pro tional copies of DiscLit are offered at a 40 cessed into the OLUC later this summer. percent discount. For more information, The Blackwell modifications will affect call the OCLC Reference Services Division only the master database records for subse through toll-free numbers: (800) 848-5878, quent use and will not affect libraries' ar ext. 4388; in Canada (800) 533-8201. chive tapes. Approximately I ,800 volumes are in Blackwell subject corrections are a com cluded in the Twayne's Authors Series. The ponent of OCLC's ongoing Subject Heading books are concise, critical introductions to Correction project. The OCLC Online Data writers and their works, and are divided Quality Control Section, which consists of into three categories: United States Au six professional librarians and six catalog thors, English Authors, and World Authors. ing technicians, corrects about 200,000 Each volume contains a preface; an at-a OLUC records per year. DiscLit's easy-to-use software provides glance chronology outlining the life, work, ''We manually correct thousands of re the power to search and fmd a subject in and historical background of the subject; a cords each month,'' said Ms. Davis, ''but re the full text of all or one of the 143 vol brief biography of the subject; and a se viewing 7. 2 million records would take us umes in 1\vayne's United States Author Se lected, annotated bibliography and index. years. Using Blackwell's computerized ser ries with a single command. DiscLit vices to improve these records has saved enhances the research value of the 1\vayne time and money.' ' series by adding more than 140,000 biblio Blackwell North America specializes in graphic citations selected from OCLC's the supply of North American books and Online Union Catalog, all by or about the African-American bibliographic support services worldwide. authors discussed in the Twayne volumes. Institute Library is Each Twayne volume analyzes the work of a U.S. writer. Volumes selected for this 4,000th EPIC CD-ROM cover the authors who have most subscriber strongly affected American letters, includ Compact disc ing novelists, poets, dramatists, short story The African-American Institute Library, Bos database is new tool writers, diarists, journalists, and others ton, Mass., became the 4,000th subscriber from Hawthorne, Poe, and Dickinson to to the EPIC service on March 11, 1991. for researchers of O'Connor, Hughes, and Mailer. ''At our library we are looking for infor American literature ''This is the first time this information mation in the area of black studies,' ' said has been available in full text in electronic Rosalind Savage, Librarian, African-Ameri form,'' said Ms. Keyhani. ''With DiscLit, can Institute Library. ''With EPIC, we have ''DiscLit: American Authors, '' a new com researchers now can easily search themes, been able to fmd, for example, black pact disc database from G. K. Hall & Co. genres, and trends across many sources. women authors whom we couldn't find and OCLC, is now available. Designed to For example, a student could search for anywhere else.' ' aid researchers in American literature, transcendentalism and fmd not only Emer Of the eight databases available on the ''DiscLit: American Authors'' covers liter son and Thoreau, but also Ken Kesey, who EPIC service, Ms. Savage was most inter ary criticism of American authors since co was greatly influenced by the transcenden ested in access to the OCLC Online Union lonial times, and offers students, teachers, talists. As another example, a student trac Catalog. ''We can easily justify the money and librarians a wealth of information. ing the influence of)oseph Conrad's Heart we spend on EPIC because we find what ''DiscLit is a virtual encyclopedia on ofDarkness on American literature could we are looking for," she said. American literature,' ' said Andrea Keyhani, search across all 143 volumes and fmd allu ' 'The ground swell of enthusiasm for Manager, OCLC Reference Services sions to the novel in T. S. Eliot's 'The Hol the EPIC service seems to be continuing,'' Database Acquisitions and Creation. low Men' and other works. As a third said Tam Dalrymple, Manager, OCLC Refer- 34 OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 PRODUCT NEWS ) ence Services Marketing and Suppon Sec GeoRef to be added BIOSIS to be offered tion. ''With more and more subscribers, EPIC is gaining a strong foothold in the onl to EPIC and on EPIC ine information industry.'' FirstSearch The EPIC service, OCLC's online refer By this fall, the BIOSIS database of biomedi cal and biological research information will ence system, was introduced in January GeoRef, a bibliographic database of over be loaded on OCLC's EPIC service. 1990. It provides subject access, and key 1. 6 million earth science references, will be word and Boolean searching to the OCLC BIOSIS, the online version of Biological added to OCLC's EPIC service this fall. Abstracts and Biological Abstracts!RRM Online Union Catalog of 24 million items; GeoRef is the leading online resource for Educational Resources Information Center (Reports, Reviews, Meetings), covers re members of the 18 professional geological search published in journals, meeting litera (ERIC), which guides users to published and earth science societies in the American ture, repons, books, and book chapters. and unpublished sources on thousands of Geological Institute (AGI), including re Approximately 9,000 international life sci educational topics; Book Data, compiled searchers in the fields of geology, energy ence publications are monitored for inclu by more than 900 British, European, and sources, geochemistry, mineralogy, paleon North American publishers, with standard sion in BIOSIS. tology, and seismology. ''BIOSIS is the premier database in its bibliographic information on not-yet The complete GeoRef database will be printed and in-print books; ABIIINFORM, field, and we're pleased to have it as the available on the EPIC service. Mini GeoRef, first life sciences database on the EPIC ser which covers business and management the five most recent years of GeoRef, will topics, including company histories, com vice,' ' said Tam Dalrymple, Manager, OCLC be available on the FirstSearch Catalog Reference Services Marketing and Support petitive intelligence, and new product de when it is introduced later this year. velopment; Dissenation Abstracts, which Section. ''OCLC is eager to add GeoRef to EPIC A 500-journal subset of BIOSIS will be covers the complete range of academic sub and FirstSearch because GeoRef is the pre available on FirstSearch. jects appearing in dissenations accepted at mier geologic database and many of our accredited institutions since 1861; Pharma ) users have requested it on EPIC,'' said An ceutical News Index (PNI), which contains drea Keyhani, Manager, OCLC Reference current and retrospective news about phar- Services Database Acquisitions and Cre maceuticals, medical devices, cosmetics ation. ''Having Mini GeoRef on FirstSearch EPIC non-member and related health industries worldwide; will allow users to explore this valuable re price reduction for Business Dateline, which provides access source, previously unavailable to them, in to hard-to-find regional business informa an easy-to-use format at affordable prices.' ' OLUC announced tion from U.S. and Canadian publications; Produced by the GeoReflnformation The Book Return, which provides title and System, a division of AGI, GeoRef covers The EPIC service non-OCLC-member con holdings information for materials stolen North American geology from 1785 to the nect-time fee for the OCLC Online Union from libraries by Stephen Blumberg and present and world geology from 1933 to Catalog (OLUC), Database 23, has been re currently held by the FBI; and soon, Con the present. GeoRef Information Systems duced to S95 per hour from S 110 per sumers Index to Product Evaluations and regularly scans 4,000 journals in 40 languages hour, effective June 1. Display and offline Information Sources. New databases are for anicles of interest to AGI members. print charges are not affected by this 13.6 added regularly. First Search will offer many of the same percent price reduction. Easy Net online information service, databases as EPIC, and with its easy-to-use According to Tam Dalrymple, Manager, which also is accessible via the EPIC ser interface, FirstSearch will be the first OCLC OCLC Reference Services Marketing and vice, provides access to references, ab online product designed for patrons. Now Support Section, the lower non-member stracts and full texts of periodicals, in test use by patrons and librarians at 16li price coincides with the recent reduction journals, news sources, company fact braries, FirstSearch will be introduced to in the OLUC connect-time fee for OCLC sheets, statistics, credit repons, andre the library community later this year. The members to S24 per hour. search findings. The EPIC service is accessi interface allows patrons to move easily ble via the Internet, the CompuServe through the online search process in just a Network, OCLC Direct Dial or OCLC few simple steps, without training or onl WATS, or via dedicated line. ine searching experience. OCLC Newsletter July/August 1991 35 PRODUCT NEWS GPO Monthly Catalog now available on EPIC 1=> f kuualt and persian gulf uar Se~rchlng ... Searching . . • GPO Display OCLC announces that the Goverrunent SEARCH RESULTS Printing Office's ''Monthly Catalog of Search Records Sear ch TerH United States Goverrunent Publications" I D Found from July 1976 to the present is now avail S1 69 kuuolt able on the EPIC service. SZ 1?9 pers lan This database of more than 300,000 re S3 1127 gulf S1 811 uor cords includes references to reports and SS 1 kuuall and pers::tan gulf uar hearings of Congressional committees, Record 1 of 1 Congressional debates and records, judi Hot cop~l"lghl protected ciary materials, and documents issued by Pogo: 1 of 2 executive departments, such as the De CH : Y !. 1/7: 182- 61 fense, State, and Labor Departments, as AU : United States. President (1989- : Bus:h) Tl: Report on Kuuatt : co""unlcatlon fro" the President of the United well as those issued by the Office of the 6=> d rs Slates lranstdlllng a report that the operations conducted b~ 1·11pihMI!8! co•llllon forces to liberate KuuAll have been successful, pursuant President. Types of materials referenced in to Pub. L. 182- 1. clude monographs, serials, statistics, maps, YR : 1991 LH : English and reports. PT: Book ''In addition to being the least expen PH : 1 p. : 21 c". PB : U.S. G. P. O. , sive access to the GPO Monthly Catalog, PL: Uashlngton : SE: House docu ..enl / 192d Congress, 1sl session ; 182-&1 EPIC offers more access points,'' said Tam su: lraq- t 9108/6091VC-15M, TPC NON-PROFIT ORG U.S. POSTAGE IIIII I PAID 6565 Frantz Road COLUMBUS, OHIO Dublin, Ohio 43017 PERMIT NO. 688