AT BERKELEY MCB SPRING 2001 • Vol. 4, No. 1 Newsletter for Members and Alumni of the Department of Molecular & at the University of California, Berkeley

MCB and Psychology

Target the Brain scious beings. Two approaches to understand- ing the brain have already made great strides. Newsletter One, the top-down approach, which begins The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute was at the level of behavior and seeks to under- Name Contest founded in response to a growing apprecia- stand the underlying brain functions, has tion of the brain as the final frontier in biolo- largely been the province of psychology. The gy. Now, with the generous support of several other, bottom-up, starts at the level of neu- rons and seeks to assemble them into com- Help us rename the newsletter and benefactors, six faculty positions, two of win a PRIZE. which have been filled, and its first crop of plex networks. This is where molecular and graduate students set to arrive in the fall, the cellular biology have made their contribu- Institute is making Berkeley an attractive des- tion. Since its inception in 1998, the MCB tination for those who seek to understand the But in the end, neither one of these newsletter has been called simply MCB approaches will be quite enough on its own, biological basis of thought and perception. at Berkeley. Now we are looking for a The human brain weighs less than a lap- says Institute director and Evan Rauch top computer, and yet somehow this lump of Professor of Neuroscience Corey Goodman. new name, and we need your help. Send “You can study all of the individual neurons tissue handles learning, memory, behavior, us your suggestions, witty or dry, out- emotion—all the functions that make us con- continued on page 2 . . . landish or traditional, clever or not so clever. If your idea is chosen for the new name, not only will you have the satisfac- tion of seeing it in your mailbox every six months, but you will also receive a prize. The winner will get a year’s sub- scription to New Scientist, the interna- tional science and technology weekly (regular subscription rate is $140). We will also select two runners-up to receive a department T-shirt. If more than one person suggests the same name, only the first entry we receive is eligible for a prize, so don’t delay. Send us your idea today. All entries must be received by September 1, 2001. See page 7 for instructions.

Sasha Gibbs, a graduate student in Mark D’Esposito’s lab, and HWNI physicist Charlene Tan show off the fMRI machine at the Wheeler Brain Imaging Center. . . . Continued from page 1 spot the most active regions. Although fMRI until after hours, so most fMRI experiments has become indispensable to neuroscience, are done in the middle of the night. and genes in the brain, but at the end of the most instruments are located at hospitals, “That means it’s not the normal brain day you still don’t know how the brain works where access for research is limited. Getting they are imaging but the very sleepy brain,” —how we see, how we perceive,” he says. one on campus would be a powerful draw to says Goodman. The Berkeley magnet is 4 The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute top neuroscientists. Tesla and 100 percent for research. (HWNI) bridges those two approaches. It But a magnet costs money, and finding a Not only is that good for the condition seeks the links between genes and genomes, donor for an institute with no faculty would of research subjects, but the experimenters can neurons and circuits, circuits and systems, have been quite a challenge. So Goodman also rig up all sorts of paraphernalia that systems and behavior. The ultimate goal, asked the university for a $5 million loan. The would have to be removed from a hospital Goodman says, is to build a holistic under- idea, he says, was to get the magnet, bring in machine every day. These include devices to standing of the brain. some faculty, and then find a donor. It soon produce smells and visual cues, and users are The HWNI is a fusion of 40 research paid off. Henry H. “Sam” Wheeler, Jr., a now developing a shield to block the loud labs from seven departments, mainly MCB sound southern California businessman with noise of the machine generates for functional and Psychology. The HWNI sponsors three a penchant for cutting edge technology, experiments on the human auditory system. technology centers—Molecular Imaging, picked up the tab and in November the The first faculty member to be hired by Neurogenomics and Brain Imaging—and HWNI unveiled the Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. the HWNI was Mark D’Esposito, a neurolo- hosts its own graduate program (see sidebar). Brain Imaging Center. gist who uses fMRI to investigate the effects of Named after tennis great Helen Wills, whose Now an inconspicuous building the size aging on the brain. He joined the HWNI and estate has donated $10 million for neuro- of a double-wide trailer in Wellman Psychology department in July, 1999. The fol- science at Berkeley, of which half helps Courtyard is home to the most powerful mag- lowing summer, Noam Sobel, who uses fMRI endow the graduate program, and half helps net in the country dedicated to brain research. to study olfaction, accepted the second build the technology centers and recruit fac- Most hospital MRI machines use 1.5 Tesla HWNI faculty post as an assistant professor of ulty. The HWNI is one of the few doctorate- magnets, although a few at major research psychology. As with all faculty associated with awarding extra-departmental programs on hospitals run as high as 4 Tesla, the strongest the HWNI, they have a home department campus that also has the resources to hire approved for human use. To do research on outside the Institute. Four positions remain to faculty. these, neuroscientists usually have to wait be filled. How best to attract promising young neuroscience faculty to Berkeley, especially Continued on page 6 . . . working at the systems and cognitive level of analysis, was already an important question several years ago, when the institute was still HWNIGets First Grad Students the Neuroscience graduate group. Part of the answer, Goodman says, was a to get a big magnet. The first six students accepted to the Graduate Program in Neuroscience will arrive in Functional magnetic resonance imaging the fall. Administered by the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and MCB, the program (fMRI) produces detailed views of the brain takes 5 to 10 students a year. in action. It senses slight changes in the con- Despite having nothing but a Web site to advertise itself to potential applicants for centration of oxygenated hemoglobin associ- the coming academic year, the program easily filled its first class. Concerns that the pro- ated with neural activity and uses these to gram would get off to a slow start were unfounded, says program director and MCB professor John Ngai. “We got about 78 applicants, many of whom were outstanding,” he says. The majority of the new students have declared an interest in either systems neuro- MCB at Berkeley is published twice a year by science, which focuses on components of the nervous system like vision and smell, or the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology cognitive neuroscience, which seeks to understand the neural basis of thought, learning, at the University of California, Berkeley. memory and behavior. One of the new students, Christina Karns, is a recipient of UC Berkeley’s most prestigious graduate fellowship, the Berkeley Fellowship. DESIGNER: Betsy Joyce MCB graduate students interested in neuroscience have always been able to work toward a Ph.D. in Neuroscience. Currently two students are using this option. EDITOR: Jonathan Knight But the new students’ training will be geared toward neuroscience from the day Articles are written by Jonathan Knight unless otherwise noted. they arrive. They will be able to rotate in any of the 40 labs in 7 departments that have allied themselves with the Neuroscience Institute. And the coursework will be dedicated SEND ADDRESS CHANGES TO: to neuroscience topics. In addition to the required general survey course, MCB 260: [email protected] Advanced Principles in Neuroscience, students choose from a broad list of graduate sem- inars such as Vision Science 216: Color Vision, Psychology 220C: Human Memory, and SEND COMMENTS TO: MCB 263: Advanced Developmental Neurobiology. MCB Newsletter The program provides support for graduate students with a combination of money University of California from the Graduate Division, the Helen Wills endowment of the Neuroscience Institute Department of Molecular and Cell Biology 597 Life Sciences Addition #3200 and the program’s NIH training grant in neurobiology. The stipend for 2001-2002 is Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 $23,000, up from $21,000 this year. OR E-MAIL: [email protected] Care has been taken in designing the program to make sure it does not compete with existing programs, like MCB and Psychology, Ngai says, but rather makes Berkeley This and previous issues of the newsletter are a more attractive option for the growing number of applicants who want to devote available on the MCB web site themselves to neuroscience. “It’s meant to augment and complement the MCB graduate (http://mcb.berkeley.edu/news/). program,” he says. “It will allow us to attract the best students.”

2 FACULTY NEWS

HONORS

Barker Dies at 93 Sharon Amacher ( and Howard Schachman (BMB) was awarded Development) has received the Basil the Scientific Freedom and Responsibility O’Connor Starter Scholar Research Award, Award by the American Association for the Horace Albert Barker, professor emeritus of a two-year grant in support of her research. Advancement of Science for his efforts in and one of the preeminent addressing research fraud and how it should biochemists of the 20th century, died Dec. Bruce Ames (BMB) has been awarded the be regulated by the government. 24, 2000, at his home in Berkeley after a Abbott-American Society for Microbiology brief illness. He was 93. Lifetime Achievement Award. Barker is best known for work in the late 1950s on the biochemical function of Carolyn Bertozzi (BMB and Chemistry) APPOINTMENTS vitamin B-12. He was also was a member received two awards in April. She received of the team that, in 1944, first worked out the Award in Pure Chemistry from the how cells synthesize sucrose. This feat American Chemical Society at its San Alexander Glazer (BMB) was elected to involved one of the first uses of radioactive Diego meeting. And she is also one of this the National Academy of Sciences. carbon-14 tracers, which Barker helped year’s four recipients of the university’s pioneer. highest faculty award, the Distinguished His studies in vitamin chemistry, bac- Teaching Award. terial metabolism, fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, carbohydrate transformations Corey Goodman (Neuroscience) is a co- and amino acid and purine metabolism recipient of this year’s March of Dimes form the basis of much of our current Prize in Developmental Biology for discov- understanding of metabolism and its role eries that have helped “revolutionize the in sickness and health. understanding of brain wiring and how it “He was a true leader in biochemistry goes awry in birth defects and adult dis- and a leader on campus, widely respected eases.” He will split the $100,000 award internationally and by his Berkeley col- with Thomas Jessell, professor of leagues,” said Daniel E. Koshland Jr., Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics at professor emeritus of biochemistry. Columbia University. Born in Oakland, Calif., Barker L graduated in 1929 from Stanford Caroline M. Kane (BMB) has been University, where he also received a Ph.D. appointed to the Board of Directors of the in chemistry four years later. California Alumni Association, with a term Barker became an instructor in soil to begin on July 1. microbiology at the University of California in 1936. He was named a professor in the department of biochem- istry when it was first established in 1959 and served as chairman in the 1960’s. Barker won numerous awards for his achievements, including the National Medal of Science in 1968 and election to the National Academy of Sciences and the L American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Gerald Rubin (Genetics and Develop- In 1988, the University named the bio- ment) received the AAAS Newcomb chemistry building on the northwest Cleveland prize for his publication of the corner of campus H. A. Barker Hall. fruit fly genome sequence in March 2000. Barker retired in 1975, but he He was also selected to be part of an eight- L remained active in the department well member panel to oversee the future direc- Daniel Portnoy (BMB) was elected as a beyond his 80th birthday. tion of the Department of Energy’s Joint member of the American Academy of Genome Institute in Walnut creek. Microbiology.

3 NEW FACULTY

Michael Marletta Abby Dernburg As a poisonous gas, nitric oxide might not Several projects in Marletta’s group seem the best choice for cellular communica- are not directly related to NO. These tions, yet it is one of the most important sig- include looking at novel metabolic path- Sex wouldn’t be much use without , naling molecules in the body. It causes blood ways in the malaria parasite and under- the special form of that makes vessels to relax and rapidly activates nerve standing the biosynthesis of the critical eggs and sperm. During the first of the two cells. At the same time, white blood cells can co-enzyme lipoic acid. meiotic cell divisions, the of churn out nitric oxide (NO) to kill invading Marletta, currently the John G. the primordial sex cell perform a unique bacteria and parasites, making it a critical Searle Professor of Medicinal Chemistry dance not found in run-of-the-mill mitosis. frontline defense against infection. How does and Professor of Biological Chemistry, They line up with their homologous part- the body manage to use NO for both signal- has been a Howard Hughes Investigator ners, link arms (so to speak), and exchange ing and killing without hurting itself in the since 1997. In 1995 he was awarded a stretches of genetic material before splitting process? MacArthur Fellowship for his contribu- off into separate daughter cells. Thus the Michael Marletta has been on the fore- tions to biological chemistry. And in union of sperm and egg can mix and match front of NO research since its signaling prop- 1999 he was elected to the Institute of the parents' chromosomes in a unique com- erties were first discovered in the mid 1980s. Medicine. bination for the next generation. That His research has helped to answer some of the After 14 years at the University of reshuffling is, evolutionarily speaking, the basic questions about NO biology, although a Michigan, Marletta will come to purpose of sex. great deal is still to be discovered. Berkeley this summer to a joint appoint- Dernburg’s lab studies the events that In 1999, for example, the lab worked ment in MCB and Chemistry. Marletta make meiosis different from mitosis. The out how a cell can receive the NO signal first lived in the Bay Area as a graduate central questions are how the chromosomes while avoiding any toxic effects. Nitric oxide student at UCSF in the mid 1970s, and are induced to undergo that unique dance, was known to boost levels of cyclic GMP in he says he is looking forward to return- and how its steps are controlled. target cells by activating soluble guanylate ing. But his main reason for coming to The whole process is steeped in mys- cyclase (sGC). This enzyme turns out to have Berkeley was the university’s strong sup- tery. How do homologous chromosomes a unique heme which, Marletta’s group port of interdisciplinary research. “I am find each other in the jumble of condensed found, is finely tuned to favor binding NO a firm believer that the most exciting chromatin crowding the dance floor? How is over other gasses, even oxygen. The sGC discoveries are made at the interface of the molecular process of crossover recombi- heme is such a powerful binder of NO that it disciplines,” he says. nation, or genetic exchange, coordinated out-competes potentially toxic reactions in Nine members of his current group with this dance? These genetic exchanges the cell. Marletta also found that sGC activa- are moving out with him. Since he are tightly controlled—they occur only once tion depends on nitric oxide concentration, would like to have around 20 students per pair in nematodes, for so subtle changes in NO levels might be one and postdocs, he says he will be open to example—but exactly how they are regulated way the vasculature maintains constant graduate student rotations this fall. “If is unknown. smooth muscle tone. they are interested, I certainly am.” Finally, the centromeres, sites where Marletta’s group is also researching the protein handles form for the spindle fibers production of NO in response to infection. that pull the chromosomes apart, must They are currently in the midst of studies switch rapidly from a mode that separates that might explain how some pathogens, homologous chromosomes in the first such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, resist meiotic division, to a completely different the toxic effects of NO. 4 mode that separates the two replicated strands of the same chromosome in the second division. How they do it remains a mystery, particularly in organisms like the nematode where centromeres do not have a defined position and attach Jamie Cate all along the chromosomes. Dernburg uses the nematode as a for studying meiosis. The animal’s trans- Biology texts usually portray the ribosome as matching the codon to be translated has parency and regimented cell division make two blobs, one bigger than the other, clamped bound. But in decoding the RNA message, it fairly easy to see what’s wrong when the onto a thread of messenger RNA and the ribosome must presumably try and process goes awry as a result of some extruding a new protein chain. That’s fine as reject many mismatched tRNAs before the experimental disruption. That’s critical, far as it goes, but considering that translation right one comes along. A major part of the says Dernburg, because no one yet knows makes up half the central dogma of molecular effort in Cate’s lab is devoted to working how to reproduce the key events in the test biology—DNA➝ RNA➝protein—it’s very out the details of this process. tube. unsatisfactory. A related project, in collaboration Grad students coming into the Only in the past few years has a clearer with Adam Arkin in the Chemistry depart- Dernburg lab would have a number of picture of translation begun to come into ment, is to completely reconstitute a possible projects open to them. One might focus, and Jamie Cate has been a key player translation system in vitro in which the be to go after non-coding sequences on in that process. As a postdoc in Harry components are at concentrations close to chromosomes that help regulate meiosis. Noller’s lab at UC Santa Cruz, Cate solved those that occur in the bacterium. These This could involve a computational search the crystal structure of the complete bacterial are vastly higher than the concentrations in for unusual sequences followed by reverse ribosome in 1999 to a resolution of 7.8 a typical in vitro translation kit from genetics to test the effect of disrupting Ångstroms (Science, 285, 2095). This solu- Amersham, for example, resulting in very them. Another could be the development tion revealed many details of the ribosome’s different kinetics. of real-time 3D imaging to observe meiosis contacts with its three attached transfer Cate is also very interested in the reg- in live animals. RNAs, but left many parts of the picture ulation of protein synthesis in , Dernburg says she wants to keep her fuzzy. Other groups have solved atomic- particularly its initiation. Much of this lab relatively small at first, taking on resolution structures of the isolated large and work is in collaboration with Cate’s spouse, maybe 4 to 6 postdocs and grad students. small subunits (50S and 30S), but these Jennifer Doudna, a professor at Yale. At LBNL she is also collaborating with reveal only limited mechanistic details, as Doudna also officially joins the Berkeley staff scientists to develop new technology. translation requires the entire 70S ribosome. faculty this summer, but will be on leave at Dernburg joined the department in Now Cate and the Santa Cruz group Yale until 2003 (her profile will appear in a January as an Assistant Professor in have solved the same crystal to a resolution of future issue). Residence with the CDB division. She 5.5 Å. The electron density map includes all Cate leaves his current position as an holds a joint appointment as a Divisional three bound tRNAs, all three ribosomal assistant professor at MIT in June to take Fellow at LBNL. Before coming to RNAs, and most of the ribosomal proteins. It up a joint appointment in the BMB Berkeley, she was a postdoc in Anne shows that ribosomal RNA dominates the division of MCB and Chemistry. He says Villeneuve’s lab at Stanford. Her graduate interface of the large and small subunits he would like his lab to be medium-sized, work was in John Sedat’s lab at UCSF. where the tRNAs bind, consistent with the with 10 to 12 students and post-docs at Before that, she was an undergraduate here idea that rRNA is central to the ribosome’s the most. And of course he can’t wait to at Cal, about which she says: “aside from function. It’s the clearest picture yet, but get back to California’s fresh fruits and some strange time-warp phenomena I’ve many mysteries remain. vegetables and the outdoor lifestyle. been experiencing, I’m thrilled to be back For one, these images only reveal what on the campus.” the ribosome-tRNA complex looks like in its “committed” state, after the proper tRNA

5 Continued from page 2 . . .

The next major HWNI acquisition will probably be a mouse magnet of 8 or more Tesla. Goodman expects the magnet to AWARD WINNERS interest many labs outside the Institute, in MCB in particular, because it can be used to image far more than the brain. For example, mouse models of cancer can be monitored regularly for tumor growth in the live animal. “It’s not just for neuroscience, it’s for everyone doing biomedical research,” Goodman says. GRAD INSTRUCTORS WIN AWARDS A second technology center at the Institute makes chips. The Neurogenomics Center can produce both standard and custom The following MCB microarrays, also called gene chips, which graduate students received allow the user to monitor the expression of Outstanding Graduate thousands of genes at once. Two robots at the Student Instructor (OGSI) center can print up to 20,000 spots on a awards for the 2000-2001 glass slide at a rate of 137 such slides every academic year: two days. The center is still gearing up to its full potential, says director John Ngai, but already it has standard arrays for gene expression profiling in fruit flies, mice, zebrafish and Doreen Cunningham nematodes. The Molecular Imaging Center, the third major piece of technology at the HWNI, features some of the hottest microscopy equipment available today. The objective of the center is to develop methods of following Bridget O'Keeffe proteins and cellular processes in living neurons, brain slices, and even intact brain. Confocal microscopy, which optically scans through different planes of a prepara- Brian Avery tion, can make 3D images. In living samples, real-time video is possible (often referred to as 4D imaging). Better still, projects are under- way to engineer proteins to change their Gretchen Diehl optical output when they are bound or modi- fied by other proteins. This method should reveal the biochemical transactions within a neuron—binding of neurotransmitters or docking of synaptic vesicles—in minute detail. So far, the Institute has no central physical presence. Its labs and offices are Jennifer Powell spread all over campus. But in a few years it will have a home in the new building planned where Warren Hall now stands. At that time Kimberly Best many of the labs will be able to move closer together. That should foster even more interaction Jamie Geier between labs and departments. At the moment, much of the Institute’s cohesion comes from a series of seminars held most Fridays at noon and of course the annual retreat. Co-sponsored by MCB and the Institute, this campus-wide event was enor- mously popular last year, not least because it was held at the Granlibakken Conference Center on Lake Tahoe. Such get-togethers Botond Roska really help, Ngai says. “Every year I feel I am more able to converse with my colleagues in Michelle Burbea psychology.” Dilnawaz Kapadia For more information, visit the HWNI website: http://neuroscience.berkeley.edu/ 6 UNDERGRADUATE AWARDS I MCB Departmental Citation – Division of Immunology Paul Scherz (Skarnes Lab) GRADUATE AWARD I Outstanding Undergraduate I MCB Department Outstanding Sarah M. Choi Scholar – Nadia Roan (Alber lab) I Michael C. Miller (Collins Lab) is Divisions of Cell and one of thirteen graduate students I BMB Yanaba-Jung Memorial Prize – Developmental Biology and nationwide to receive the Harold M. Shirin Bahmanyar (Thorner/Alber labs) Neurobiology Weintraub Graduate Student Award, sponsored by the Fred I BMB Fimognari Memorial Prize – Chaikoff Memorial Awards Hutchinson Cancer Research Erin Duncan (Volkman/Jackson labs) Center in Seattle. I Chih-Yuan Chiang I BMB Carpenter Memorial Prize – I Christiane Haeffele Lawrence Shiow (Thorner lab) I Rajan Jain I John Kim I Robyn Kuroki Division of Genetics and Development I Mary Leigh I Chinwe Okoye I Spencer W. Brown Award I Marissa Vadi Annie Fu-Jui Kuo and Kevin M. Vogeli I Tin-Wing Wong I Ryan Young I Loree Tamanaha

Name Contest Alumni Survey

Help us name the MCB newsletter and you Let your classmates and MCB friends know May we print your e-mail address? may win a prize (see front page). what you have been doing. Please complete the ❍ Yes ❍ No following and mail it to: There are three ways to enter: MCB Newsletter What’s your current occupation? 1. Go to http://mcb.berkeley.edu/news/ University of California contest.html and fill out the Web form Department of Molecular and Cell Biology 2. Email your entry to 597 Life Sciences Addition #3200 [email protected] Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 3. Clip out the form below and mail it to the MCB Newsletter at the address at right. Please send address changes to Other activities since leaving MCB: If you are mailing both a contest entry and [email protected] the alumni survey form, feel free to send them in the same envelope.

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7 Alumni News

If you haven’t told us what you are I Anand P. Chokkalingam has 1997 1994 up to lately, please take a minute to been a doctoral fellow at the I Kenneth K. Chang is a third- I Constance M. Smith was send in the form on page 7. Or you National Cancer Institute since year medical student at the recently appointed Scientific can answer the survey online at 1999. He got a Ph.D. in epi- University of Hawaii. He got a Curator at The Jackson http://mcb.berkeley.edu/alumni/ demiology from the University of Masters of Public Health from Laboratory in Bar Harbor, survey.html or send email to Maryland after two years at a Johns Hopkins University after Maine. [email protected]. Please note: medical diagnostics company. his second year in medical address changes should be sent to Next year he will start a postdoc school. He says: “I want to be 1996 [email protected]. at NCI working on the back at Berkeley.” E-mail: I Lubor Gaal is Associate molecular epidemiology of [email protected] Director of New Business Undergraduate Alumni prostate cancer. Opportunities at Berlex E-mail: [email protected]. 1999 Laboratories in New Jersey. He 1994 I Duncan R. Sousa is a first year says he enjoys discovering how I Duke Duguay has been a man- 1995 graduate student at Brandeis to translate great scientific ideas agement consultant with I Andrea Y. Lin is a first year law University. E-mail: into new drugs. “I left the Princeton Consultants, Inc., since student at Loyola Marymount [email protected] bench in 1997 and never receiving his Ph.D. in molecular University in Los Angeles. Before looked back.” biology from Princeton that, she was a controller with Graduate Alumni E-mail: [email protected]. University. E-mail: Wall Street On Demand, and [email protected]. investment research company in 1991 1999 Boulder, Colorado. E-mail: I Eric C. Liebl is Associate I Camillan Huang has been I Amy Kilbourne is Assistant [email protected] Professor of Biology at Denison Virtual Labs Project Manager Professor of Medicine at the University, a 4-year liberal arts at Stanford University for a University of Pittsburgh. She I Aldous D. Sumaylo is a first- college in central Ohio. He has year and a half. The job is not received her Masters of Public year resident in pediatrics at been at Denison since he com- related to her thesis work, she Health (1996) and her Ph.D. Children’s Medical Center of pleted his postdoc in 1994. says. E-mail: (1999) from UCLA. E-mail: Dallas in the University of Texas E-mail: [email protected]. [email protected]. [email protected] Southwestern. He received an M.D. from Temple University in I Ron Swanson is Director of I Warren Roberts is a Philadelphia in May, 2000. Molecular Biology at Syrrx, a Neurosurgery Resident at the drug discovery company in San Oregon Health Sciences Diego. He did a postdoc with University in Beaverton. He Mel Simon at Cal Tech and was graduated medical school at then Director of Genomics at UCLA in June, 2000. E-mail: Diversa for six years. His son [email protected]. Calvin is five. E-mail: [email protected].

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