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AUTHOR Adcock, Deborah TITLE The Save-Your-Life Glossary of , AIDS, , & Terms. REPORT NO ISBN-1-55915-495-0 DATE 93 NOTE 53p.; Separately published "Teacher Guide" appended. AVAILABLE FROMCurriculum Associates, Inc., 5 Esquire Road, No. Billerica, MA 01862-2589 ($6.95, pupil book; $1.95, teachers guide; $14.90, package of 10). PUB TYPE Reference Materials Directories/Catalogs (132)

EDRS PRICE MFOI/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Acquired Immune DeficiencySyndrome; Adolescents; *; ;Children; *Definitions; Drinking; Drug Abuse; *DrugUse; Elementary Secondary Education; ; TeacherRole; *Tobacco

ABSTRACT This document presents the Save-Your-Life Glossary, which consists of four parts:(1) the glossary itself, which defines alcohol, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), drug, and tobacco-related terms;(2) the alerts sections, which focus on popular or issues that concern young people; (3) the focus sections, which categorize and describe specific drugs and their effects; and (4) the information section, from which students can obtain telephone numbers and addresses to call or write for further information or help. A total of 171 terms are defined in the glossary. The alerts sections focus on AIDS, alcohol, , "ice" (), , lysergic diethylamide (LSD), nicotine, peer pressure, and steroids. Drug categorized and described in the focus section include , , , designer drugs, , inhalants, , and . Two pages are provided for notes and a final page, headed"Facts You Cannot Ignorer' lists salient facts on alcohol, AIDS, drugs, and tobacco. (NB)

********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** SAVE-YOUR-LIFE"' LOSSARY OF LCOHOL, AIDS, RU G, & OBACCOTERMS

by Deborah Adcock Foreword by Arnold Hill, M.D.

CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES

DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION 4 ot Edvcahohal Roswell and frame...mom EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 0 Tho documont has woe tiorodueod se oreeetod from trof Dimon or orporiaohon origetahng It 0 Minor changes torah boon Made tO oTtprove reprochichen Ctuflity

PotIllrathOthrtgraostatod rn t res dote- amnI do not mrestunly optimist °the* OERI poodKM ot OeltO BEST COPY AYARAM ISBN 1-55915-495-0 © 1993Curriculum Associates, Inc. North Billerica, MA 01862-2539 No part of this book may be reproduced by any means without written permission from the publisher. All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA SAvE-YouR-LIFETm - Trademark of Curriculum Associates, Inc. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 FoREwoRD

Recently I spent some time at one of the large children's hospitals in Boston, where my three-year-old child was undergoing open-heartsurgery. This experience quickly brings to focus the many serious illnesses whichmay overtake us in childhood. Unlike many medical conditions, drug is preventable. Preventative medicine is highly effective when it is directed against a receptive population at a key time. Because childrenare so full of life anti eager to learn, drug education at an early agecan provide lifelong benefits. This is particularly true when one realizes that addictionsmay take many forms, such as abuse of street drugs, prescriptions, alcohol,or smoking. THE SAVE-YOUR-LIFETm GbossARYaddresses the needs of children andparents to acquire the knowledge and vocabulary to help protect themselves against the modern plagues of drugs and HIV diseases. The health ofour children is the future of our nation. Arnold Hill, M.D. Marlboro, 1992 Dr. Arnold Hill is Chief of Services at Marlboro Hospital, Marlboro, Massachusettc:.

4 1 ACETONE.: a found in AIDS ALERT products such as nail-polish remover and plastic cements. AIDSDoN'T DE OF IGNORANCE A solvent is a substance that dissolves other substances. AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Acetone and other AIDS is caused by a virus known as the HIV virus, or Human are sometimes used as Immunodeficiency Virus. The HIV virus is also known as the inhalants. (See Focus ON AIDS virus, The AIDS virus attacks the white cells of the bcdy's (See IMMUNE SYSTEM; VIRUS.) INHALANTS, page 29; When the immune system is weak, the body cannot fight off INHALANTS ALERT, page 12; the diseases and infections that a healthy immune system can. SoLVENT.) Once a person becomes infected with the HIV virus, it can ADDICD someone who has an take many years for signs of the disease of AIDS to develop. uncontrollable craving for The virus can stay inactive for many years. An infected person drugs. (See ADDICTION.) may not even know that he or she isinfected. Except for a ADDICTION: the abuse of any short, flulike sickness that appears shortly after infection, drug that results in a physical people with the AIDS virus may feel completely healthy. need for the drug or a However, during the inactive stage, the AIDS virus is slowly attacking the immune system. It can take 10 years for the psychological need for the immune system to break down id the first signs of the AIDS drug. (See DEPENDENCE.) disease to appear. Once AIDS appears, the chance of This means that the user has surviving more than three years is very small. There is no taken enough of the drug for known cure for AIDS. the body and to Researchers are always learning more about AIDS. This can change. The body and brain be confusing. However, there is one fact that researchers are begin to need the drug to feel sure aboutavoidingdangerous behaviors can prevent normal. An addicted user infection, because there are only certain ways the AIDS virus who can no longer get the can be transmitted. drug or who suddenly stops through sexual contact with an infected person using the drug will experience with-drawal. through blood-to-blood contact with an Withdrawal is the body's infected person reaction to suddenly being through the sharing of needles and syringes with an free of drugs. (See infected person. HIV can also be transmitted by WITHDRAWAL.) sharing needles used for tatooing or ear piercing. AIDS: (See AIDS ALERT, which from an infected mother to her child before or follows.) during birth. (continues)

2 AIDSALERT(continued) In the past, some people were infected with the AIDS virus through a blood transfusion. A blood transfusion is the transfer of blood from a donor to another person. Blood transfusions are sometimes necessary with surgery or certain illnesses. Since 1985 all blood donations are checked forthe HIV virus. Today, the risk of becoming infectedthrough a blood transfusion is rare. It is impossible to become infected by donating blood. Blood banks use sterile (clean)needles: each needle is thrown away after blood is taken. AIDS is not like most other diseases. It cannot betransmitted in ways that many people think it can. You can'tcatch AIDS the same way you might catch a cold or the chicken pox.The AIDS virus does not live long enough outside ofthe body to be caught in the air, in water, or from objects andsurfaces. It cannot be passed on by insects(even mosquitoes) or animals. There is no risk of becoming infected by sharing the same space, classroom, swimmingpool, bathroom, clothing, or books with someone who has the AIDS virus. REMEMBER: AIDS IS ON THE INSIDE, NOT THE OUTSIDE. FATAL FACTS: Anyone who chooses risky behaviors can become infected with AIDS, no matter what his or her age, race, or sex. It's notwho you are, but what you do. Teenagers are becoming thefastest-growing HIV-infected group. AIDS AND DRUGS:People under the influence of drugs, including alcohol, often do things they would not ordinarily do. If you are under the influence of a drug, you may notbe able to say "No" to dangerous behaviors that youordinarily would. You can reduce your risk of becominginfected with the AIDS virus by avoiding drugs. QUICK QUIZ:Name 5 ways that many people incorrectly think the AIDS virus can be transmitted.

3 6 A ALCOHOL: a drug found in ALCOHOL ALERT , , and other liquors. Alcohol is an intoxicating ALCOHOLTHE DANGERS OF DRINKING and addictive substance. Many people do not realize thatalcohol is a drug. Others Alcohol is also a reason that evenif alcohol is a drug, it can't possiblybe as because it slows down, or harmful as other drugs; after all,alcohol is legal for adults. depresses, the activities of the The truth, however, is that alcoholis dangerous. It is alsc very brain. (See DEPRESSANT.) addictive. Alcohol is also the name Alcohol has its greatest effect onthe part of the brain that given to any beverage that controls behavior. People who usealcohol often do things that contains alcohol, such as they ordinarily would not do.The greater the amount of effect on the brain. Alcohol A beer, wine, whiskey, etc. (See alcohol consumed, the greater the ALCOHOL ALERT, which in any amount, however, canbe dangerous. Even low follows.) amounts can greatlyreduce judgment and coordination.Low to moderate amountsof alcohol can increase tendencies A ALCOHOLIC: a person who is behavior. Moderate to high addicted to alcohol. (See toward aggressive or violent amounts of alcohol canreduce higher brain functions, ADDICTION; ALCOHOL.) making it difficult to learn andremember. Very high amounts ALCOHOLISM: the name given of alcohol can slow down therespiratory systeia and cause to the addictionof alcohol. death. Continued use of alcohol canlead to addiction and (See ADDICTION; ALCOHOL.) dependence. (See ....-DICTION;DEPENDENCE.) Long-term use damage to the heart, , : the name given of alcohol can cause permanent kidneys, stomach, and brain. to many drugsknown as of people get sick or die stimulants. Stimulants speed Each year, hundreds of thousands alcohol. One of the easiest body and from diseases or accidents due to up the way the accident or early death due to alcoholis to brain work. (See ways to prevent an follow two simple rules: .) also block feelings of hunger I. Never drink and drive. from someone who has beendrinking. and are often used as diet 2. Never accept a ride pills. Amphetamines are FATAL FACTS: Drinking and drivingis the leading cause of habit-forming and death among teenagers. Morethan ten teenagers die each day and driving. One bad decision dangerous. (See Focus ON in accidents related to drinking STIMULANTS, page 31.) can end a life. QUICK QUIZ: Which serving A. a 12-ounce can of beer do you think contains the B. a 5-ounce glass of wine most amountof alcohol? C. a 1-ounce shot of whiskey

2 4 7 ANABOLIC STEROIDS: the term anabolic means ASPIRIN: a drug used to relieve pain. (See "tissue-building." Anabolic steroids are types .) of drugs used to build a more muscular body. These drugs can be dangerous to the BACTERIA: single-celled organisms that live all user. Use of anabolicsteroids is a major around us. They are found in air, water, soil, problem among professional and amateur and even food. Bacteria are so tiny that they athletes. (See STEROIDS ALERT, page 20.) can be seen only under a microscope. ANALGESIC: a type of drug that is used to Though most bacteria are harmless to relieve pain. Some common are humans, some bacteria can came disease. aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen. These bacteria can pass infectims diseases, These analgesics can be bought "over the such as strep throat, ear infections, and counter,'' or without a doctor's prescription. tetanus, from one person to another. (See Stronger analgesic pain relievers, such as IMMUNE SYSTEM.) narcotics, can be bought only with a BARBrruRATE: the name given to many kinds doctor's prescription. (See Focus ON of drugs known as depressants. Because they NARCOTICS, page 30; PRESCRIPTION.) cause drowsiness, areusually ANALOG: a term meaning "a copy or an prescribed by doctors for people who have imitation." Drugs that are analogs are sleeping disorders. When a large of a imitations of other drugs and are called is taken and not followed by designer drugs. Designer drugs are several sleep, it produces effects that are similar to hundred times stronger than the drugs they the effects of . (See imitate. (See Focus ON DESIGNER DRUGS, INTOXICATION.) This is why barbiturates are page 27.) sometimes called "solid alcohol." ANESTHETIC: a kind of drug that produces a BEER: an alcoholic beverage made from grains loss of feeling. Anesthetics are used by and flavored with hops or other bitters. doctors when performing surgery. Dentists Most beer contains about four percent pure also use anesthetics when performing certain alcohol. dental procedures. BELT: a slang term to describe the high feeling ANGEL Dugn a slang term for the that follows the use of a drug; a drink of , better known as liquor. PCP. (See Focus ON HALLUCINOGENS, BELTED: a slang term used to describe the page 28; PCP;PHENCYCLIDINE.) feeling of being high or intoxicated on ANTIBODY: a substance produced in theblood drugs. to destroy harmful germs.(See IMMUNE SYSTEM.) 8 5 BENZENE: a chemical found in and CANDY: a slang term for drugs. other oil products. When used as an CANDYMAN: a slang term referring to someone , benzene can cause death. Long- who sells drugs. term use may cause cancer. (See Focus ON CANNABIS : a plant whose leaves and INHALANTS, page 29.) flowers can be used to produce such drugs BLOTTER: an absorbent tissue-type paper that as marijuana andhashish. The cannabis has been soaked with a dose of LSD. plant is also known as the hemp plant. (See Blotter paper is often decorated with HEMP PLANT.) The cannabis plant contains cartoon characters and other appealing over 400 chemicals, oneof the most designs. (See LSD ALERT, page 14; LSD.) powerful and harmful being BOMBED: a slang term used to describe the , or THC. (See Focus feeling of being high or intoxicated on ON CANNABIS DRUGS, page 24;THC.) drugs. : the plant from which the drug cocaine BOOZE: a slang term for a beverage that is obtained. contains alcohol. COCAINE: a drug produced from the leaves of Buzz: a slang term for the high feeling that the coca plant. Cocaine is a stimulant that comes with drug use. produces a strong sense of pleasure that may last from 5 to 40minutes. (See STIMULANT.) When the effects wear off, CAFFEIN& a drug found na- :rally in users often feel nervous, angry,tired, beans, leaves, cocoa beans, and cola confused, and irritable. Many users want to , nuts. Many products containing take more of the drug to avoid these such as , coffee, cola, and tea, are feelings, called crashing. (See CRASH.) made from these plant parts. Caffeine is Cocaine users sometimes suffer from considered a mild stimulant, but because it hallucinations. One common hallucination is found in many everyday products, most is the feeling that insects, called coke bugs, people do not think of caffeine as a drug. are crawling under theskin. (See (See STIMULANT.) Even though caffeine is HALLUCINATION.) Another form of cocaine legal, it is not completely safe. Too much is called crack. Crack is made to be smoked. caffeine can cause headaches, diarrhea, It is widely believed that it is easier to sleeping difficulty, dizziness, and . become addicted to cocaine than to any Caffeine is not as addictive as other drugs, other drug. (See Focus ON COCAINE, but it can become habit-forming, meaning page 25; CRACK.) it can be difficult to stop using once it is used regularly.

6 COCAINE FREEBASE: a stronger, purer form of DEALER: a person who sells drugs; also called cocaine that is smoked. Freebase is prepared a pusher. from the usual form of cocaine. Making DENIAL: the refusal of addicted persons (or freebase involves the use of a solvent such as those around them) to believe the truth ether. (See ETHER.) Crack is a form of about their addiction. People who are "in cocaine freebase. (See CRACK; Focus ON denial" believe that they (or persons they COCAINE, page 25.) care about) can control their useof drugs or : ont. of several drugs made alcohol. People in denial believe they can from the juice of the poppy. Such stop using the drugs or alcohol whenever narcotic drugs are called opiates. (See they want. In fact, they believe that the OPIATE.) Codeine is often used by doctors source of their problems is not fromthe use to treat pain, colrolcough, and stop diar- of drugs, but from other sources such as rhea. (See Focus ON NARCOTICS, page 30.) school, work, or friends. If they didn't have those problems, they wouldn't need the COKE: a slang term for cocaine. drugs. The truth is that they have no CRACK: a form of freebase cocaine that is control over their drug use; the drugs have made to be smoked. Crack is dmost pure control over them. cocaine. Because it is smoked, the effects of DEPENDENCE: a condition that results from the drug are felt within seconds. One use the continued abuse of drugs. When a can kill the user. Crack getsits name from and the cracking sound that it makes as it person uses a drug regularly, the body brain may begin to change. These changes burns. (See Focus ON COCAINE, page 25.) can cause the brain and body need the CRACK HOUSE: a place where is drugs to feel normal. There are two kinds made and sold. (See COCAINE.) of dependence: and CRASH: the unpleasant effects that sometimes . Physical follow the high, or pleasant effects, of a dependence occurs when the body becomes drug. The unpleasant effects vary, used to the drug and reacts when there is depending on the drug used. Some effects withdrawal. Psychological dependence include anger, nervousness, , occurs when a user craves the gcodfeelings fatigue, and irritability. Many drug users the drug brings but does not feel a strong take more of the drug or drugs they are physical need for the drug. Most users who using to avoid this feeling. experience dependence experience both a CRAVING: the uncontrollable urge to seek or physical and a psychological dependence. use a drug. Cravingresults froni changes in (See ADDICTION; WITHDRAWAL.) the brain caused by the drug being used.

7 1 0 DEPRESSANT: a kind of drug that slows down, the way the body and brain work. Most or depresses, the way thebody and the people use the term to refer only to illegal brain work. Depressants are the most substances, such as cocaine or marijuana. common of all drug types.Alcohol, However, alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, and barbiturates, and inhalants are some medicines prescribed by a doctor are all examples of depressants. (See Focus ON drugs. Though these substances are not DEPRESSANTS, page 26.) illegal, they can be harmful if not used properly. DESIGNER DRUGS: the name given to many synthetic drugs that are imitations of illegal DRUG ABUSE: tile use of a drug for reasons drugs. These imitations are called analogs. that are not medical. Drug abuse can have a Designer drugs are very dangerous because harmful effect on the person misusing the they can be several hundred times stronger drug. than the drugs they imitate. (See Focus ON DRUNK: a slang term used to describe DESIGNER DRUGS, page 27.) someone who is intoxicated orhas DETOXIFICATION: the process of getting drugs consumed too much alcohol. (See out of the body of an addicted person.The ALCOHOL; INTOXICATION.) process can be very dangerousif not done with the help of professionals who are ECSTASY: a slang term for the drug MDMA, trained in the areas of drug and alcohol or methylenedioxymethamphetamine. addiction, withdrawal, and recovery. Ecstasy is a , because it is an : a tranquilizer and muscle relaxant analog, or imitation, of methamphetarnine. (See VALIUM.) Ectasy is becoming a popular drug among dangerous and DOPE: a slang term for illegal drugs. young people. Ecstasy is a powerful drug. One use can cause brain DOSE: the exact amount of a drug to be given damage and even death. (See DESIGNER at a particular time. DRUGS; Focus ON DESIGNER DRUGS, DOWNER: a slang term for a depressant drug. page 27; MDMA.) (See Focus ON DEPRESSANTS, page 26.) ETHER: a drug that was once often used by DRINKING PROBLEM: the condition that doctors as a general anesthetic. (See occurs when alcohol becomes an ANESTHETIC.) Ether is used by drug users increasingly important part of a person's to make cocainefreebase. Ether is very life. Drinking problems can easily lead to flammable, which means it can easily alcoholism. (See ALCOHOLISM.) catch fire. One of the dangers of preparing DRUG: any natural or synthetic (laboratory- freebase is the possibility of fire or made) substance that produces changes in explosion. (See COCAINE FREEBASE.)

8 Inhaling the vapors of ether or drinking a HALLUCINATION: the sights, sounds, or even few drops mixed with water or alcohol smells that do not actually exist but are produces an effect similar to alcohol created by the mind. Many drugs, such as intoxication. (See INTOXICATION.) inhalants, cocaine, and hallucinogens, can produce hallucinations that seem very real : a feeling of happiness and joy. to the drug user. Hallucinations can be very Many drugs are taken because they produce this effect. However, once the feeling of frightening. euphoria wears off, unpleasant effects often HALLUCINOGEN: a drug that alters the mind follow. in a way that causes hallucinations (seeing things that do not exist) and illusions (seeing and hearing things in unusual, single Fix: a slang term for an injection, or a distorted, and sometimes frightening ways). dose, of a drug. (See Focus ON HALLUCINOGENS, page 28; FLASHBACK: a hallucination that occurslong HALLUCINATION; ILLUSIONS.) after the effects of a hallucinogenic drug HARD DRUGS: drugs, usually narcotics, that have worn off. Flashbacks are often are addictive. (See ADDICION;NARCOTIC.) confusing and frightening. Flashbacks can also occur, without warning, long after drug : a drug, also called hash, that is use has stopped. produced from the cannabis plant. Hashish is about eight times stronger than FREEBASE: (See COCAINE FREEBASE.) marijuana, which is also produced from the cannabis plant. (See Focus ON CANNABIS GATEWAY DRUG: a kind of drug that "opens DRUGS, page 24.) the gate" to the use of etber chugs. Alcohol, HEMP PLANT: another name for the cannabis marijuana, and nicotine are called gateway plant. Hemp is also the fiber from the drugs. Many persons who develop serious cannabis plant that is used to make rope. drug problems report that these were the (See CANNABIS PLANT.) drugs they began using before moving on to HEPATITIS: an infection of the blood that can other drugs. be caused by using contaminated hypodermic syringes, or needles. Hepatitis HABIT: A term meaning "physicallyaddicted often occurs with intravencus drug users, or to a drug," usuallyheroin. those who use needles to inject drugs. HABIT-FORMING: A term that refers to any Symptoms of hepatitis include headache, drug that may cause dependency. A habit- fever, chills, , and a yellowing of forming drug may be difficult to stop using the skin. If treated, most infected persons once it is usedregularly. (See DEPENDENCE.) can make a recovery, though it isoften slow and gradual. 12 HEROIN: one of several narcotic HEROIN ALERT drugs made from the juice of the opium poppy. Narcotics HEROINA FATAL Fix made from the juice of the Recent feports show that heroin is being brought into the opium poppy are called United States in record amounts. Experts believe that heroin opiates. Heroin is the might become the most-used drug of the 1990s. The heroin strongest and most addictive being sold on the streets of some cities is very inexpensive and opiate drug. (See OPIATE.) of high purity. Drugs that are high in purity are dangerous Heroin use leads quickly to because they contain more of the drug than any other tolerance, which means that chemical. It is easy to overdose on highly pure drugs because a the users need more and more smaller amount than usual is needed to achieve the desired of the drug to get the same effects. Many times users du not know just how pure a drug is. effect, and dependence. That Another version of heroin is synthetic, meaning it is made in a is, users need more of the laboratory. Synthetic heroin, or , is considered a drug to avoid withdrawal designer drug and is also very dangerous. It is up to 100 times heroin. (See Focus ON DESIGNER symptoms. Heroin is a more potent than natural DRUGS, page 27.) as well as a depressant. (See Focus ON To avoid the risk of becoming infected with AIDS, drugs users have also taken to smoking or sniffing heroin rather than the NARCOTICS; HEROIN ALERT, usual method of injecting it. (See AIDS ALERT, page 2.) which follows; NARCOTIC; PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG.) Like other opiate drugs, heroin is extremely addictive. (See Focus ON NARCOTICS, page 30.) As users develop a tolerance HIGH: a slang term used to to the drug, they must continuetaking increased and more describe the pleasurable effects dangerous doses of the drug to reach the same effect. A user that accompany or follow the must continue taking heroin toavoid the withdrawal use of certain drugs. symptoms, which can be painful.Heroin use also causes other HOOKED: a slang term meaning problems for an addict. Used on a daily basis, heroin can be "addicted." (See ADDICTION.) expensive. Since an addicted person usually is notphysically able to hold a steady job, many must resort to stealing or HUFFER: a slang term used to dealing in the drug to support their daily habit. describe one who inhales FATAL FACT: Overdose is the most common cause of death drugs through the mouth. among hzroin users. HUFFING: a slang term used to QUICK Qua: Answer A. Heroin is the most addictive of describe the act of inhaling true or false to the all drugs. drugs, such as inhalants, following statements: B. Heroin is safe when it is not injected. through the mouth. (See C. It is difficult for users to become INHALANTS.) addicted to heroin.

10 I. 3 HYPODERMIC SYRINGE: a medical tool used to inject ICE ALERT thro.Igh the skin ICEIT'S NOT As COOL AS You THINK into the body. It is also Ice is the slang name for one kind of methamphetamine referred to as a hypodermic (a stimulant and hallucinogen) that is smoked. needle. Hypodermic syringes have been around for many years. Users are used by drug users to choose ice because it is cheap and, because ice is smoked and inject certain kinds of drugs. not injected, users don'thave to worry about AIDS. Ice also Drug users who share or use blocks feelings of hunger. Some users choose ice, as well as dirty needles risk getting other amphetamines, to lose weight. In the process of losing infections of the blood such as weight, they may also develop a new problemaddiction. hepatitis, tetanus, and AIDS. Users smoke ice because it makes them feel good, though only (See AIDS ALERT, page 2; for a short time. Ice makes the body and mind work faster HEPATITIS; TETANUS.) than they are supposed to work. The heart begins to beat very fast. Users feel as though they have unlimited energy. However, the body and mind are being pushed too much. ICE: (See Focus ON The muscles and organs become exhausted (even to the point STIMULANTS, page 31; ICE where they can cause the user to stop ). The user ALERT, which follows.) then begins to feel tired, frightened, and confused. Ice also ILLUSIONS: an unusual, has an effect on the brain. Some users have hallucinations, distorted, and sometimes some of which can beterrifying. Others hear voices and frightening way of seeing the become suspicious of everyone and everything around them. world. Some drugs, such as Thc user may also feel depressed for many days. The effects LSD and PCP, produce these may be so uncomfortablethat the user takes more of the drug for relief. This cycle can lead to addiction and cause serious effects. damage to the body, even death. IMMUNE SYSTEM: the body's FATAL FACTS: Use of ice is increasing, and some expertsfear natural self-defense system that it might become more destructive than crack or heroin. that protects against diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. QUICK QUIZ: Is ice a new drug? (See BACTERIA; VIRUS.) This system includes two important kinds of white blood cells, lymphocytes and phagocytes. The lymphocytes produce antibodies that (continues on page 12)

14 (continued) identify and mark invading INHALANTS ALERT germs. The phagocytes INHALANTS-ONE BREAm COULD BE YOUR LAST surround the germs and Inhaling chemicals can be deadlythe first use may be the destroy them. The antibodies last use. Inhalants can suffocate, cause permanent brain produced by the lymphocytes damage, and even "glue" the lungs shut. Inhalants can also fight a specific disease as well cause hallucinations,headaches, and nausea. An inhalant high as give the body immunity is similar to alcohol intoxication, or being under theinfluence against that disease. If the of alcohol. (See INTOXICATION.) Inhalants are used by sniffing body is again attacked by the or huffing the cfremicalfumes of certain substances. (See same bacteria or virus, the SNIFFING; HUFFING.) Unfortunately, most users of inhalants lymphocytes quickly produce are not aware of the harmfuleffects of inhaling chemical the antibodies that are needed fumes: to give the body protection BRAIN DAMAGE. This varies depending on the chemical against the disease. used. A user might suffer from hallucinations, flashbacks, IMMUNITY: the body's ability to memory lapses, or permanentbrain damage. protect against infection and SUFFOCATION. Many users have died this way. When disease. (See IMMUNE chemicals are inhaled, the oxygen in the body is replaced SYSTEM.) with the chemicals. The user may then pass out while inhaling chemical fumes. The user then breathes in the INFECTION: a disease caused by fumes, which lack oxygen, causing suffocation. organisms such as bacteria or HEART FAILURE. Inhalants often cause an increase in heart viruses. (See BACTERIA; rate, which users describe as thefeeling that their hearts VIRUS.) Some infections and are going to pop out of theirchests. With continued use, viruses, such as a cold or the inhalers can die of heart failure. flu, are passed from one person to another in the air by AGGRESSION. Some users become more aggressive after inhaling chemicals. This behavior can be dangerous and coughing and sneezing. can lead to accidental injury ordeath. Others, such as AIDS, hepatitis, and tetanus, are Not all inhalants are found in illegal substances. Many household products such as paint thinner, typewriter passed from one person to correction fluid, aerosol products, spray paint, and even a can another by contact with of aerosol whipped cream give off fumes that can be deadly infected blood or body fluids. when inhaled. Some anesthetics, such as ether and nitrous (See AIDS ALERT, page 2; oxide, are also used as inhalants. (See ANESTHETIC; ETHER; HEPATITIS; TETANUS.) .) It is impossible to list all products that are (continues)

12 15 INHALANTS: substances that (continued) give off fumes that are dangerous when used as inhalants because newchemicals are inhaled for their pleasurable being developed all the time. Even scientists arehaving effects. (See INHALANTS trouble keeping track of chemicals that canbe inhaled and ALERT, page 12.) their effects on the body and brain. INJECTION: a way of FATAL FACTS: Deaths among teenagers due to useof inhalants introducing a drug into the is rising rapidly. body using a hypodermic QUICK QUIZ: Can some inhalants alsoproduce syringe or needle. Drugs may hallucinations? be injected into a muscle or a vein, or beneath the skin. INTOXICATION: a condition in which drugs or alcohol have built up in the body. The effects of alcohol intoxication include slurred speech, confusion, and loss of coordination. INTRAVENOUS: a term meaning "directly into a vein." INTRAVENOUS DRUGS: drugs that are injected directly into a vein. IV: an abbbreviation for the term intravenous.

JOWL': a slang term for a hand- rolled marijuana . JUNKIE: a slang term for a person addicted toheroin.

13 16 LAUGHING GAS: a slang term for LSD ALERT the anesthetic nitrous oxide, which is sometimes used as an LSDA TIUP THAT'S NOT WORTH TAKING , inhalant. Nitrous oxide fumes Use of LSD, or acid, is on the rise, especially among young can cause one to becomesilly people. One reason is because it is not very expensive. Another and giggly. (See Focus ON reason is that some users think LSD issafer than other drugs INHALANTS, page 29; because it does not cause a physical dependence. (See INHALANTS ALERT, page 12; DEPENDENCE.) However, users can develop a quick tolerance NITROUS OXIDE.) to the drug, needing moreand more of the drug to get the LINE: the vein in the arm into same effect. which drugs are injected; a LSD produces hallucinogenic effects that last from 8 to 12 short, narrow line of cocaine hours. Users call these effects a trip. A trip may be pleasant, or it may be frightening. There is no way of knowing what kind to be inhaled, or sniffed.(See of trip a user will have, and no two users will experience the SNIFFING.) same effect. One may have anenjoyable trip, while another LSD: the abbreviation for the user may have a terrifying one. hallucinogenic drug lysergic MIND-BLOWING FACTS ABOUT LSD acid diethylamide. LSD is a LSD is one of the most potent of all drugs; it can produce synthetic drug, which means serious effects, including mental illness. Some people who it is made in a laboratory. use LSD are never quite the same again. LSD is one of the strongest The dose needed to produce a trip is extremely small. The and most dangerous amount of LSD in a tablet the size of an aspirin isenough psychoactive drugs ever made. to produce a trip for about 3,000people. (See Focus ON Flashbacks from LSD use are not uncommon. They can HALLUCINOGENS, page 28; come without warning and can come many yearsafter the LSD ALERT, which follows; drug was last used. (See FLASHBACK.) PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG.) LSD can cause genetic damage, which means that children born to an LSD user may have birth defects. MAGIC MUSHROOM: a kind of Many effects on the brain are permanent. Some users mushmom that contains the suffer memory loss. Others suffer from continual natural hallucinogenic drug nightmares, panic attacks, or mental illness. . Only a very small QUICK QUIZ: Answer true or false to the following statements: number of the 6,000 different A. LSD is safer than other drugs. kinds of mushrooms contain B. People who take LSD all experience the same trip. this hallucinogen. (See FOCUS C. Just one dose of LSD is probably safe. ON HALLUCINOGENS, page 28; D. LSD can cause permanent brain damage. PSILOCYBIN.) 14 - 17 MMNLINE: to inject a drug directly into MDMA: The abbreviation for the drug a vein. methylenedioxymethamphetamine. MANDRAM another name for , a MEDICINE: a drug that is used to treat sickf,zss depressant drug found in sleeping pills. (See and disease, lessen pain, or help in healing. Focus ON DEPRESSANTS, page 26; Some medicines can be purchased over-the- METHAQUALONE.) counter, meaning without a doctor's written order, or prescription. Other stronger MARIJUANA: a drug produced from theleaves medicines can be purchased only with a and flowers of the cannabis plant. Very doctor's prescription. All drugs, even strong doses can behallucinogenic. (See medicines, can be dangerous if not used HALLUCINOGEN.) The marijuana produced properly. today is five to twenty times stronger than the marijuana produced just ten years ago. : a hallucinogenic drug that is Marijuana does not cause physical found naturally in the cactus plant. dependence; however, the drug does lead to (See Focus ON HALLUCINOGENS, page 28.) psychological dependence. This means that : a synthetic (laboratory-made) frequeni users find it very hard to stop narcotic pain reliever. (See NARCOTIC.) using the drug once they start. (See Methadone is used in drug-therapy DEPENDENCE.) Marijuana contains over programs for people who areaddicted to 400 different chemicals, the most powerful heroin. (See ADDICTION; HEROIN ALERT, being THC. (See THC.) Marijuana that page 10.) Methadone helps prevent contains two percent THC can cause severe withdrawal symptoms and lessens the psychological damage, including mental craving for heroin. (See WITHDRAWAL.) illness. Most marijuana contains four to six METHAQUALONE: a depressant drug that is percent THC. Marijuanais usually sometimes prescribed by doctors as a smoked, although it is sometimes eaten. sleeping pill. It is also one of the most Smoking a single marijuana cigarette is as commonly abused drugs. (See Focus ON harmful as smoking five tobacco . DEPRESSANTS.) Marijuana also destroys the body's white blood cells, which help the body to fight MOJO: a slang tem' for drugs, especially infections. (See IMMUNE SYSTEM.) cocaine. Marijuana is the most widely used illegal : one of several narcotic drugs drug. Many drug users who develop serious made from the juice of the opium poppy. to other drugs report that their Narcotics made from the juice of the opium use of drugs beganwith marijuana. (See poppy are called opiates.(See OPIATE.) Focus ON CANNABIS DRUGS, page 24; Doctors sometimes give morphine to GATEWAY DRUG.) patients who are experiencing great pain. (continues) 1 5 18 (continued) NICOTINE ALERT Morphine, however, is very addictive. Like all drugs, NICOTINE-DON'T GO UP IN SMOKE morphine can be dangerous if not used properly. Nicotine is the addictive drug found naturally in tobacco products. Like most addictive drugs, nicotine can mood, NARCOTIC: a powerful drug that feelings, and behavior. It can also interfere with and numbs the senses and lessens concentration. Nicotine is a powerful poisona tiny drop is pain. The main narcotics are enough to kill a person. Nicotine has also been used as an opiate drugs, such as heroin, . opium, morphine, and Cigarettes are the most common tobacco product. Cigarette methadone. However, all smoke contains over 4,000 harmful chemicals. As a cigarette drugs that are very addictive burns, these chemicals are released in the form of poisonous are commonly called gases. These gases are not onlyharmful to the smoker, but also narcotics. (See Focus ON to others who might breathethem in. (See SECONDHAND NARCOTICS, page 30.) SMOKING.) When smokers inhale, these gases are brought into NATURAL DRUG: a drug that the lungs. These gases can cause serious damage to the lungs comes from or is madefrom a and heart. One of these gases is monoxide. Carbon natural source, such as a monoxide gets into the blood and lowers the amount of plant, an animal, or a mineral. oxygen to the heart and all other partsof the body. Cigarette Some examples include smoke also produces a thick, gummy substance known as . caffeine, cocaine, marijuana, Tar is a leading cause of lung diseases and many forms of mescaline, nicotine, opiates, cancer. Other tobacco products,such as , are and psylocybin. also dangerous. They have been known to cause diseases and cancers of the mouth, throat, andstomach. NEEDLE: a hypodermic syringe or needle. (SeeHYPODERMIC FATAL FACTS: Disease that results from smoking tobacco products is the leading cause of early death. The younger a SYRINGE.) person begins smoking, the greaterthe chance of developing NICOTINE: a natural drug found in later life. in the leaves of the tobacco plant. Nicotine is found in all QUICK QUIZ: Which of the following is an effect of nicotine? tobacco products, including A. mood changes cigarettes, , pipe B. difficulty concentrating tobacco, chewing tobacco, C. lowering of oxygen in the blood and a powdery form of D. all of the above tobacco called . Nicotine is one of the most addictive of all drugs. (See NICOTINE .4. ALERT, which follows.) 16 19 NITROUS OXIDE: an anesthetic once OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUG: a drug that commonly used for dental surgery. (See can be purchased without a doctor's ANESTHETIC.) Nitrous oxide is also known prescription. Some examples of over-the- as laughing gas, because inhaling itsfumes counter drugs include aspirin and can cause one to become silly and giggly. acetaminophen, as well as some cold and These effects last for about five minutes. allergy medicines. Inhaling nitrous oxide has been known to cause hallucinations. Frequent use can cause PANIC REACTION: a bad reaction to a drug. nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness, and The most common symptoms of a panic damage to certain nerves. (See Focus ON reaction include fear, anxiety, and the INHALANTS, page 29.) feeling that everything is out of control. Any drug can bring on a panic reaction. OD: an abbreviation for the term overdose. Panic reactions can also be experienced, (See OVERDOSE.) without warning, long after drug use has OFF: a slang term meaning 'intoxicated by a stopped. drug." PAPER: a folded piece of paper that contains ON: a slang term meaning "using drugs" or narcotics; a piece of absorbent paper soaked "under the influence of a drug." with LSD, also called a blotter. (See BLOTTER.) OPIATE: any narcotic drug produced from the juice of the opium poppy. (See Focus ON PAPERS: the thin cigarette papers used to roll NARCOTICS, page 30; NARCOTIC.) marijuana cigarettes. OPIUM: one of several narcotic drugs made PARANOIA: the state of showing an unusual from the juice of the opium poppy. Such amount of fear and suspicion. Many drugs narcotic drugs are called opiates. Opium is cause paranoia. not as powerful as other opiate drugs.(See : the breathing in of other Focus ON NARCOTICS, page 30.) people's cigarette smoke. (See NICOTINE OTC: an abbreviation of the term over the ALERT, page 16; SECONDHAND SMOKING.) counter. A drug that is referred to as "over PCP: the abbreviation for phencyclidine, a the counter," or OTC, is a drug that can be synthetic (laboratory-made) depressant purchased without a doctor's prescription. drug that is a powerful halLinogen. PCP (See OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUG.) was first developed as an anesthetic for OVERDOSE: the taking of a quantity of a drug animals. PCP is also known as angel dust that is more than what is normally safe to and has a most dangerous effect on the take. An overdose usually slows down the mind. Users may become nervous, activities of the brain, sometimes leading to (continues) or death. 17 20 (continued) PEER-PRESSURE ALERT confused, paranoid, and violent. PCP users develop a THE POWER OF PEER PRESSURE quick tolerance to the drug. Have you ever said yes to friends when you wanted to say no? They also become dependent Have you ever gone along with the crowd because you wanted on PCP to feel normal and to fit in? These are examples of peer pressure. Peer pressure can must take more of the drug to make people afraid to make their own decisions. The desire to avoid the effects of be accepted by friends is sometimes stronger than the desire to withdrawal. (See make the right choice. Drug users often report that peer DEPENDENCE; Focus ON pressure caused them to start using drugs. It takes a lot of HALLUCINOGENS, page 28; courage to say no to friends. Saying no can be easier if you TOLERANCE; WITHDRAWAL.) prepare yourself ahead of time. PEER PRESSURE: the feeling that THERE'S MORE THAN ONE WAY TO SAY No you must do something to be GIVE A REASON. If you are involved in sports, you might accepted by a friend or group say "I need to stay in shape. Drugs will interfere with my of friends. (See PEER- game." PRESSURE ALERT, which GivE AN ALTERNATIVE. Suggest another activity, such as follows.) going to a movie or playing a video game. Show that it is PEYOTE: the cactus plant that the drugs or alcohol being turned down, not the friend. contains the hallucinogenic GIVE A FIRM NO. Say no and mean it. Don't argue or drug mescaline. (See Focus apologize for your answer. Sometimes saying no gains a ON HALLUCINOGENS, page 28; person more respect than saying yes. HALLUCINOGEN; MESCALINE.) GIVE A WAVE GOOD-BYE. Leave and get yourself out of the situation. Go home, find some other friends, or talk to PHENCYCLIDINE: a synthetic someone you trust. It might be time to think of finding a (laboratory-made) depressant new peer group. drug that is a powerful hallucinogen. Phencyclidine is Remember: Self-worth is not measured by how much you are valued by others, but by how much you value yourself. also known as PCP. (See Focus ON HALLUCINOGENS, page 28; PCP.) : small bottles, or vials, of , a drug that is commonly inhaled. (See Focus ON INHALANTS, page 29.)

18 2 14. PRESCRIPTION: a doctor's written order for RUSH: the initial feeling of happiness or joy a drug. that immediately follows the use of some PRESCRIMON DRUG: a drug that can be drugs. It is different from a high, which is purchased and used only with a doctor's the pleasurable feeling that continues over a written order, or prescription. period of time. (See EUPHORIA.) PROOF: a measure of the percent of alcohol in liquor. The proof number is twice the SCORE: a slang term meaning "to buy a drug." percentage of alcohol. Forexample, a SECONDHAND SMOKING: the breathing in of whiskey that is 80 proof is 40 percent other people's cigarette smoke; also called alcohol. passive smoking. Breathing in secondhand PSILOCiMN: a hallucinogenic drug found smoke can cause diseases of the lungs and naturally in a number of mushroom . heart and can also lead to cancer. People (See Focus ON HALLUCINOGENS, page 28; who frequently breathe in secondhand HALLUCINOGEN; MAGIC MUSHROOM.) smoke tend to be sick more often than those who do not. People who live with PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG: any drug that interferes smokers have a 30 percent greater chance with the regular activity of the brain. of getting lung cancer than those who don't Psychoactive drugs can change feeligs, live with smokers. Research shows that thoughts, and behavior. Psychoactive drugs children of parents who smoke have up to include depressants, cannabis, five days' more hospital or medical care hallucinogens, opiates, stimulants, and each year than children of nonsmoking some medicines. parents. PUSHER: a person who sells illegal drugs; also : one of several kinds of drugs called a dealer. known as depressants. Doctors sometimes prescribe for patients who need QUAALUDE: another name for methaqualone, help relaxing. (See DEPRESSANT.) a depressant drugfound in sleeping pills. SHOOT UP: a slang term meaning "to inject a (See METHAQUALONE.) narcotic into the body." : a drug's effects that are different ROACH: the butt end of a marijuana cigarette. from the desired effects. For example, an "ROID" RAGE: the violent behavior that is aspirin might be taken to treat a headache, sometimes caused by the use of anabolic but the aspirin might also cause an upset steroids. (See ANABOLIC STEROIDS.) stomach. RUNNERS: people involved in drug dealing. SHOT: a drink of liquor. Runners bring drugs to the United States from other countries. 19 SIGN POPPING: injecting a drug STEROIDS ALERT under the skin, or subcutaneously. Drugs STEROIDSTHEY'LL TEAR DOWN THE BODY injected this way act slower THEY BUILD UP than those injected directly Anabolic steroids are a form of the body's natural male into a vein. testosterone. Like testosterone, anabolic steroids SMUGGLE: to bring drugs into a build up muscle tissue. Many people, especially athletes, use country illegally. A person steroids as a shortcut to a more muscular body. It can take a who brings drugs into a long time to build a muscular body. Steroids are seen as the

. country illegally is called a quick and easy answer to bodybuilding. smuggler. Steroids, even in small doses, interfere with the body's natural SNAPPERS: small bottles, or vials, balance of . They produce other physical changes of amyl nitrate, a drug that is that are not as desirable as a muscular body, such as: commonly inhaled. (See thick growths of hair on arms and legs Focus ON INHALANTS, baldness page 29.) severe outbreaks of pimples SNIFFING: inhaling a substance a slowdown in growth, preventing users from such as cocaine, or inhaling achieving their full height the fumes of a substance such damage to the heart, lungs, and liver as paint thinner. Steroids also affect the user's mental health. Users can become SNORTING: inhaling a substance. moody, depressed, and easily upset. Users may experience "roid SOBER: a term meaning "free of rages," sudden and violent displays of temper. drugs or alcohol." OTHER STEROID TERMS SOFT DRUGS: all drugs except BLANKS: The name given to the 30-50 percent of black- narcotics. Some soft drugs can market steroids that turn out to be fake. be addictive. CUT OR CHISELED: Clear and well-defined muscles, one of the SOLVENT: a substance that goals steroid users to achieve. dissolves other substances and DARTS, PINS, OR POINTS: The hypodermic needles used to evaporates easily. Some shoot steroids deep into the muscles. common solvents are glue, gasoline, , DESIGNER STEROIDS: Steroids manufactured in illegal laboratories. (continues) (continues)

20 23 "'"'"reillateggiMa

(continued) (continued) nail-polish remover, and jOY RIDER: One who uses steroids to achieve amuscular paint thinner. Solvents are look railer than for athletic purposes. sometimes used as inhalants. RIPPED: A word that refers to the size of a bodybuilder's (See Focus ON INHALANTS, muscles. page 29.) ROIDED OUT: Physically and mentally worn outfrom excessive SPEEDBALL: a mixture of crack steroid use. and heroin that is smoked; a SHOTGUNNING: consuming any and every availablesteroid. mixture of heroin and The three most common steroids are: Dianabol("D"-Ball), cocaine or an amphetamine Anavar, and Winstrol-V. that is injected. (See AmPHETAMINE; CRACK; THAT'S A FACT: When users stop using steroids, theyalso lose all the muscle that they've gained. The only safeand long- HEROIN.) lasting way to build muscle is through weight training. STEROIDS: drugs used to build a QUICK Quiz: Which of the following statements do youthink more muscular body; also is true? called anabolic steroids. (See A. One form of anabolic steroids is used tobuild the ANABOLIC STEROIDS; muscles of show horses. STEROIDS ALERT, page 20.) B.If a coach or teammate offers steroids to an athlete,the STIMULAN'n a drug that drugs must be safe. stimulates, or speeds up, the C. It's okay to use steroids if they are combinedwith way the brain works. Cocaine weight training. is one kind of stimulant. (See Focus ON STIMULANTS, page 31.) STONED: a slang term meaning "intoxicated with drugs"; similar in meaning to the word high. (See HIGH; INTOXICATION.) STRAIGHT: a slang term to describe someone who does not use drugs or someone who is free of drugs.

21 SUBCUTANEOUS: a term meaning "just TOLERANCE: the point at which the brain and beneath the skin." Some drugs are injected body need more of a drug to produce the subcutaneously as opposed to into a muscle same effect as the original dose. Continued or a vein. drug use causes the brain to get used to the SYNTHETHIC DRUG: a kind of drug that is drug. The drug no longer affects the brain manufactured in a laboratory Drugs are as much as it once did, so the user may take either naturalthose found in plants, larger and more dangerous doses of the animals, or mineralsor synthetic. drug to produce the desired effect. The larger the dosage of the drug, the greater risk of an overdose. (See OVERDOSE.) TETANUS: an infection of the blood that can be caused by using contaminated TRACKS: the needle marks caused by the hypodermic syringes, or needles. Tetanus injection of drugs. can occur with intravenous drug users, or TRANQUILIZER: a depressant drug. (See those who use needles to inject drugs. DEPRESSANT.) Doctors sometimes prescribe Symptoms of tetanus include muscle tranquiilzers for patients to relieve anxiety stiffness and spasm, high fever, convulsions, or tension, or to relax the muscles. and extreme pain. Tetanus can be fatal if TIUP: a slang term for the experience that not treated. against tetanus results from taking a hallucinogenic drug. are temporary. (See LSD ALERT, page 14.) THC: the abbreviation for the chemical TURN ON: a slang term meaning "to tetrahydrocannabinol. THC is the main introduce someone to drugs"; to become psychoactive ingredient in drugs made from intoxicated from drug use. (See the cannabis plant, such as marijuana and INTOXICATION.) hashish. (See Focus ON CANNABIS DRUGS, page 24; PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG.) Once in USING: a slang term for taking drugs, the body, THC stays in the system for especially narcotics. about one month. TOBACCO: the dried leaves of the plant tabacum, or the tobacco plant. VALIUM: the trade name for the drug The main active ingredient in tobacco is diazepam. Valium is a tranquilizer and nicotine. (See NICOTINE ALERT, page 16.) muscle relaxant. Valium is also the most prescribed drug in the United States. (See TOKE: a slang term meaning "a puff of a TRANQUILIZER.) marijuana cigarette."

2,5 22 VIRUS: tiny microorganisms that may cause disease if they infect the body. Viruses can cause disease such as colds,chicken pox, and AIDS. (See AIDS ALERT, page 2.)

WASTED: a slang term meaning "passed out from drug intoxication." WINDOWPANE: a thin square of gelatin, plastic, or cellophane that is used to hold a dose of the hallucinogen LSD. (See LSD ALERT, page 14.) WINE: an alcoholic beverage made from grapes or other fruits. (SeeALCOHOL.) WITHDRAWAL: the reactions that follow a sudden stop in the use of a drug that a person has becomedependent on. The symptoms of canbe serious and dangerous. They vary from person to person, depending onthe drug involved and how long the drug had been used. Many drug users need to keep taking the drug to avoid these symptoms, which can be painful andfrightening. Withdrawal symptoms can include cramps,restlessness, anxiety, headaches, convulsions, , , and in some cases, evendeath. It is critical that addicted persons seek professional treatment.

-)6 23 Focus ON CANNABIS DRUGS

DRUG NAMES APPEARANCE USE

Hashish Black Russian, Hash, Black or brown cakes Eaten or smoked Quarter moon or balls

Hashish oil Thick liquid that Mixed with tobacco ranges in color from and smoked clear to black

Marijuana Dope, Ganja, Grass, Similar to dried Eaten or smoked Mary Jane, Pot, parsley leaves Reefer, Sinsemilla, Weed

Tetrahydrocannabinal THC Soft capsules Taken by mouth

EFFECTS OF CANNABIS DRUGS ON THE BODY AND BRMN Cannabis drugs can cause increased , dry mouth and throat, blood-shot eyes, increased appetite,interference with short-term memory, change in sense of time and perception, and decrease in coordination and concentration. People who smoke cannabis drugs inhale the unfiltered smoke deeply and hold it in their lungs as long as possible. This damages the lungs and pulmonary system. Long-term use can cause physiological dependence, and may require more of the drug to get the same effect.

24 Focus ON COCAINE

DRUG NAmEs APPEARANCE USE

Cocaine Big C, C, Coke, White crystal-like Inhaled or injected Flake, Heaven, Lady powder snow, Nose candy, Snow, Snowbirds, White

Crack cocaine Crack, Rock, Light-colored crystals, Smoked (a form of Freebase chunks, or shavings; cocaine freebase. usually sold in small See COCAINE clear bottles, tinfoil, FREEBASE.) or papers

EFFECTS OF COCAINE ON THE BODY AND BRAIN

Cocaine can cause dilated pupils; elevated ; increased heart rate, breathing rate, and body temperature; sleeping difficulty; ; loss of appetite; hallucinations; paranoia; ; and death caused by heart or lung failure. Occasionally inhaling cocaine can cause a stuffy or runny nose. More frequent use can irritate the mucous membranes of the nose. Freebasing cocaine is very dangerous. The process of freebasing makes the drug very pure. The drug is thensmoked and reaches the brain within seconds, causing a sudden and intensehigh. The feeling of euphoria disappears quickly, however, leaving the user with the craving to freebase again. Another danger of freebasing involves the use of solvents to prepare the drug. These solvents can easily catchfire. Injury or death may result. Injecting any form of cocaine with contaminated needles can cause infectionsof the blood, such as hepatitis, tetanus, and AIDS.

98 25 Focus ON DEPRESSANTS

DRUG NAMES APPEARANCE USE

Barbiturates Amies, Arnytal, Barbs, Red, yellow, blue, or Taken by mouth Bluebirds, Blue devils, red and blue capsules Candy, Downers, Goofballs, Idiot pills, Nebbies, Nembutal, Nemmies, Pinks, Purple hearts, Rainbows, Red devils, Reds, Seconal, Sleepers, Tuinal, Yellow jackets

Methaqualone Biphetamine, Ludes, Tablets Taken by mouth Mandrax, Optimal, Parest, Somnifac, Sopor, Sopers, Quaaludes

Minor Tranquilizers Ativan, Cloropin, Tablets or capsules Taken by mouth Dalmane, Librium, (often taken with Serax, T, Tranxene, other drugs) Valium

EFFECTS OF DEPRESSANTS ON THE BODY AND A:RAIN

Depressants cause sleepiness. Drug users fight this feeling to feel the effects that are similar to alcohol intoxication, such as slurred speech, confusion, and loss of coordination. Small doses cause calmness and muscle relaxation. Larger doses can cause slurred speech and loss of coordination, and can interfere with judgment. Regular use can result in addiction, as well as depression, confusion, tremors, and uncontrolled rages. Using alcohol with depressants increases the effects and risks. Tolerance to methaqualone can develop quickly, leading to dependence and addiction. The amount of the drug needed to overdose is very small, and overdose is common among users. Combining methaqualone with alcohol can be deadly. Injecting depressants with contaminated needles can cause infections of the blood, such as hepatitis, tetanus, and AIDS. Also see ALCOHOL. This drug is also a depressant. 26 Focus ON DESIGNER DRUGS

DRUG NAmEs APPEARANCE USE

Imitation of Fentanyl China white, White powder Inhaled or injected (synthetic heroin, a Liberty powder narcotic) Imitation of MPPP (New heroin), White powder Inhaled or injected Meperidine (narcotic) MPTP, Synthetic heroin Imitation of DOB, DOM, , Capsules, tablets, Taken by mouth, Amphetamines or 5-DMA, MDM, white powder inhaled, or injected Methamphetamines MDMA (Adam, (stimulants and Ecstasy, Essence, hallucinogens) XTC), PMA, STP, TMA, 2, Z Imitation of PCP, PCE White powder Taken by mouth, Phencyclidine inhaled, or injected (PCP)

EFFECTS OF DESIGNER DRUGS ON THE BODY AND BRAIN

Designer drugs are made in illegal laboratories, usually with no concernfor quality or clea .iiness. Thesedrugs are 100 times more potent than the drugs they imitate. Designer drugs have been known to cause permanent brain damagewith only one dose. Imitations of narcotics can cause impaired speech, tremors,drooling, and paralysis. Imitations of amphetamines and methamphetamines can causeblurred vision, chills and sweats, nausea, and faintness. Other effects include anxiety, paranoia, and depression. Imitations of phencyclidine can cause hallucinations and illusions. Injecting designer drugs with contaminated needles can causeinfections of the blood, such as hepatitis, tetanus, and AIDS.

27 30 Focus ON HALLUCINOGENS

DRUG NAMES APPEARANCE USE

Lysergic acid Acid, Big D, Blue acid, Blotter paper Taken by mouth, diethylamide Dots, Heavenly blue, L, (sometimes with licked off paper, or LSD, Microdot, cartoonlike designs), sometimes put in the Sugar cubes, White capsules, colored eyes (to reach the lightning tablets, colorless liquid brain faster) (sometimes put on sugar cubes), tablet

Mescaline (Peyote) Beans, Buttons, Cactus, Capsules, hard brown Tablets and capsules Mesc, Moons, Plants discs, tablets taken by mouth, discs eaten or smoked

Psilocybin Magic mushrooms Fresh or dried Eaten mushrooms

Phencyclidine Angel dust, DOA dust, Liquid, tablet, white Taken by mouth, Elephant, Hog, Killer crystal-like powder injected, inhaled, or weed, Loveboat, Lovely, combined with PCP tobacco or marijuana and smoked

EFFECTS OF HALLUCINOGENS ON THE BODY AND BRMN Lysergic acid, mescaline, and psilocybin cause hallucinations and illusions, someof which can be terrifying. Physical effects mayinclude tremors, loss of appetite, sleeping difficulty, dilated pupils, increased heart rate, and elevated blood pressure. Users mayalso experience panic, confusion, anxiety, and loss of control. Flashbacks can occur longafter drug use has stopped. Phencyclidine blocks messages of pain to the brain, which may result inself-inflicted injuries. Frequent users often display paranoia and violent behaviorand experience hallucinations. Large doses may produce convulsions, coma, and death caused byheart or lung failure. Mental illness can occur after just one dose. Injecting hallucinogens with contaminated needles can causeinfections of the blood, such as hepatitis, tetanus, and AIDS.

28 3/ Focus ON INHALANTS

DRUG NAMES APPEARANCE USE

Amyl nitrite Amys, Poppers, Snappers Clear yellowish Vapors inhaled liquid in small bottles

Butyl nitrite Bolt, Bullet, Climax, In small bottles Vapors inhaled Locker room, Rush

Chlorohydrocarbons Aerosol products, Aerosol sprays such Vapors inhaled cleaning fluid as spray paint, cleaning fluids

Hydrocarbons Benzene, other solvents Can of aerosol Vapors inhaled propellants, gasoline, glue, paint thinner

Nitrous oxide Laughing gas, Whippets Can of aerosol Vapors inhaled whipped cream, small metal cylinder

EFFECTS OF INHALANTS ON DIE BODY AND BRAIN Inhaling chemicals is habit-forming and can produce toierance,which means that the user needs to inhale more chemicals to get the same effect.Tolerance can lead to overdose, which is common among usersof inhalants. Nausea, nosebleed, fatigue, sneezing, coughing, lack ofcoordination, and loss of appetite are some effects. Amyl nitrite and butyl nitrite causerapid pulse, headaches, and uncontrolled passing of and feces.Solvents and aerosol sprays decrease the heart and respiratory rates and also impairjudgment. Deeply inhaling the vapors or inhaling a large amount over a shortperiod of time can cause disorientation,violent behavior, unconsciousness, or even death. Long-term use can cause weight loss, fatigue, and permanentbrain damage. c.

3' 29 Focus ON NARCOTICS

DRUG NAMES APPEARANCE USE

OPIATES: Heroin Big H, Black tar, Light to dark-brown Injected, smoked, or Brown sugar, Horse, powder or tarlike inhaled Junk, Mud, Smack substance

Codeine Tylenol with codeine. Capsules, tablets, Taken by mouth or Empirin compound dark liquid injected with codeine, Cough medicine with codeine

Morphine Pectoral syrup White crystals, Taken by mouth, injectable solutions injected, or smoked

Opium Paregoric, Parapectolin, Dark brown chunks, Taken by mouth, Dover's powder powder injected, or smoked

I SYNTHETHIC Darvon, Demerol, Capsule, injectabk Taken by mouth NARCOTICS Dilaudid, Fentanyl, solutions, iablets or injected Lomotil, Meperidine,

Percocet, Percodan, Talwin 1

EFFECTS OF NARCOnCS ON THE BODY AND BRAIN At first, narcotics produce a feelingof euphoria. This feeling is often followed by sleepiness, nausea, and vomiting. Overdose mayresult in slow and shallow breathing, convulsions, coma, and death. Narcotics are extremely addictive. Tolerancedevelops quickly, and the user needs to have higher and higher doses to achieve thedesired effect. This could lead to overdose. Persons addicted to narcotics must continue usingthe drugs to avoid withdrawal, which can be painful. Combining narcoticswith other drugs, such as alcohol, is especially dangerous. Injecting narcotics with contaminatedneedles can cause infections of the blood, such as hepatitis, tetanus, and AIDS.

30 _ 33 Mut-IV

FOCUS ON STIMULANTS

USE DRUG NAmEs APPEARANCE Taken by mouth or Amphetamines Benzedrine, Biphetamine, Capsules, pills, or Black beauties, Black tablets injected mollies, Bumblebees, Copilots, Desoxyn, Dexedrine, Dexies, Footballs, Hearts, Leapers, Pep pill, Speed, Uppers, Ups Taken by mouth, Methamphetamines Crank, Crystal, Crystal Pills, rocks that look inhaled, injected, (the most potent meth, Crystal like wax, white or smoked amphetamines) methedrine, Desoxyn, powder Glass, Go, Ice, Speed, Zip

EFFECTS OF STIMULANTS ON THEBODY AND BRAIN Stimulants can cause increased heartand respiratory rates, elevated blood pressure, dilated pupils, decrease in appetite,sweating, headaches, dizziness, blurredvision, anxiety, , and moodiness. Long-term use of high doses can causemental disorders, including hallucinations, illlusions, and paranoia. These symptomsusually disappear when drug use stops. Injecting stimulants withcontaminated needles can cause infectionsof the blood, such as hepatitis, tetanus, and AIDS. Also see COCAINE. This drug isalso a stimulant.

31 1 RESOURCE GUIDE

You may call or write to the agencies listed on pages 33-35 for more information about alcohol, AIDS, drugs, and tobacco. Telephone numbers that begin with 1-800 are toll- free; that means no charge will appear on your phone bill. Phone numbers that do not begin with 1-800 are not toll-free, so a charge will appear on your phone bill. Check with an adult in your home before you place those calls. Don't forget one of the best resources of allyour local library. Many libraries keep up- to-date files that contain many of the pamphlets and books published by the agencies listed on pages 33-35.

35 32 AIDS INFORMATION

Staff members of the agencies listed below can provide callers with'specific AIDS information as well as refer callers to local and other national hotlinesfor more information. Staff members at these agencies will also provide writtenmaterials upon request. You can also call your state or local public health department or alocal chapter of the Red Cross for AIDS information. AIDS Action Council 729 Eighth Street, SE Suite 200 Washington, DC 20003 (202) 547-3101 American Red Cross AIDS Education Office 1730 D Street, NE Washington, DC 20006 Centers for Disease Control Hotline: 1-800-342-AIDS Spanish Hotline: 1-800-344-SIDA P.O. Box 5528 Atlanta, GA 30307 National AIDS Information Clearinghouse Box 6003 Rockville, MD 20850 U.S. Public Health Service Public Affairs Office Hubert H. Humphrey Building Room 725-H 200 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20201 (202) 245-6867 The United States Public Health Service two 24-hour hot lines: 1-800-342-AIDS (recorded message) and 1-800-342-7514

33 ;5 ALCOHOL, DRUG, AND TOBACCO,INFORMATION

For information on where to find treatment for alcohol and other drug dependencies, refer to the yellow pages of your telephone directory under the heading Alcoholism Information or Drug Abuse and Addiction Information. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) may also be listed. American Cancer Society Call your local chapter or 1-800-ACS-2345 American Council for Drug Education 204 Monroe Street, Suite 110 Rockville, MD 20850 Centers for Disease Control Office on Smoking and Health Parklawn Building, Room 116 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 (301) 443-5287 Cocaine Helpline 1-800-COCAINE Drugs & Crime Date Center & Clearinghouse 1600 Research Boulevard Rockville, MD 20850 1-800-666-3332 Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) Central Office 511 E. Carpenter Freeway, Suite 700 Irving, TX 75062 National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information P.O. Box 2345 Rockville, MD 20852 1-800-729-6686 (continues)

37 34 _

! (continued) National Council on Alcoholism 12 W. 21st Street New York, NY 10010 1-800-622-2255 National Health Information Center 1010 Wayne Avenue, Suite 300 Silver Spring, MD 20910 1-800-336-4797 National Institute on Drug Abuse Information and referral line: 1-800-622-HELP

7.:4#11 35 NOTES

36 NOTES

40 37 .1 11100Ammumm.ft....:. THE SAVE..YOUR.LIFETM GLOSSARY Facts Yoa Cannot Ignore!

ALCOHOL Alcohol is a drug. Alcohol is one of the drugs most habitual drug users report having first used. Driving under the influence of alcohol is the leading cause of de.-sth among teenagers. Alcohol is extremely addictive.

AIDS-H1V VIRUSES There is no known cure for AIDS. Teenagers are becoming the fastest-growing HIV-infected group. It can take years for signs of the AIDS disease to appear. Once AIDS appears, the chance of surviving more than three years is small.

DRUGS Many drugs are more powerful today than they were 10 years ago. Many drugs can cause permanent brain damage. Many students buy and use drugs ar school. The number of students who use drugs by the time they reach sixth grade has tripled since 1975.

TOBACCO Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 harmful chemicals. A tiny drop of nicotine is enough to kill a person. The younger a person begins smoking, the greater chance of developing lung cancer in later life. Chewing tobacco can cause diseases and cancers of the mouth, throat, and stomach.

Car. No. CA200 CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES, INC. 5 Esquire Road, North Billerica. MA 01862-2589 Phone: 508 667-8000 Fax: 508 667-5706 Toll Free: 800 225-0248 (U.S. & Canada)

41 OF LCOHOL, AIDS, RUG,& OBACCO TERMS

by Deborah Adcock

CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Offrce of Educahonw Research an0 Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 0 This documnt has Peen reproduced as received from In* Ranson or orpanashon originating it. Mmor chenpes have been made to improve miNoduction Qualm?

Pant' of vsew Or OixmOns VIM tn tfaCu r0001 00 NM ri000SSanty re0feeent °Meal --OEM posetion or lofty ISBN 1-55915-418-7 © 1993Curriculum Associates, Inc. North Billerica, MA 01862-2589 No part of this book may be reproduced by any means without written permission from the publisher. All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA SAVE-YOUR-LIFEn. -Trademark of Curriculum Associates, Inc. 15 14 13 12 II 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Aq TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ialma,uTO THE TEACHER 2 terG STARTED IN THE PROGRAM 2

Mr, 'ZBATIVE-RESEARCH STUDIES 3

XDDRIDNAL ACTIVITIES 5

OpEsnoNs TO THINK ABOUT FOR SMALL-GROUP AND CLASS DISCUSSIONS 6

.710-cTAWH ON PEOPLE WHOSE LIVES HAVE BEEN AFFECTED BY AIDS OR DRUG USE 7

tOCIciaTED READINGS FOR TEACHERS 7

mmARY 8

Agsva.R KEY 9 MESSAGE TO THE TEACHER students will share in classroom discussions if they You may be asking "Where does The Save-Your- feel they are in a nurturing, supportive, and LiftGlossary fit into the curriculum?" The understanding environment. Early in the year, answer really depends on how concerned you are establish that students should listen to one another about the future of young people. The statistics carefully and that they should not criticize or laugh and research are alarming. Teens are becoming the at any student's contribution. By your example, fastest growing HIV-infected age group; drug use students will maintain this standard throughout among teens is dramatically increasing; each year the year. younger and younger children are experimenting W-40tritriaSIVE-1700:14 IDSSARY with drugs; many students who live in cities can't m walk to their school bus stop without the presence The Save-Your-Lifim Glossary consists of four parts: of drugs being offered or sold. No matter how the glossary, which defines alcohol, AIDS, drug, hard you may strive to bring academic success to and tobacco-related terms; the alert sections, which the children in your classroom, the epidemics of focus on popular drugs or issues that concern drugs and AIDS threaten to nullify your work and young people; the focus sections, which categorize your students' academic success.Therefore, what and describe specific drugs and their effects; and better place to address these issues than the information section, from which students can throughout the curriculum. Young people are the obtain numbers and addresses to call or write for forgotten element in the and AIDS. further information or help. They have no voice. It is up to adults to speak out for the future of all children. So, where does this program fit into your curriculum? The obvious choice is a health program, but the health class is GETTING STARTED IN THE PROGRAM not the only place. There are health issues in a science class, social issues in a social studies SKIIMR111&-pi program, research projects as part of a language It is not unusual for a fifth or sixth grader to be arts curriculum, historical implications as partof a pressured into using alcohol, cigarettes, or history class, and fitness issues as part of our marijuana. These are the gateway drugs that are physical education and sports programs. Yes, you discussed in the glossary. Ask students the are being asked to devote additionalclassroom following questions about peer pressure. Invite time CO the issues that are discussed in this teacher them to share their thoughts and feelings about guide. If you believe the academic future of young each question. people is increasingly threatened by the dangers of 1.Have any of you ever been pressured by drug addiction and AIDS, you can make a someone your own age to do something you difference. Providing the classroom time needed to didn't want to do? discuss life-threatening issues can preserve your 2. Did you give in to the pressure? students' future as well as the work you do as 3. Were you happy with your decision? their teacher. 4. What alternatives might you have followed?

2 4 5_ 5. What do you think is the most difficult part of 311111211Malimg4gthaaggLAWS peer pressure? 6. Today, would you do the same thing if you Have students review the AIDS ALERT on page 2 along with the following AIDS-related glossary were pressured? terms: immune system, virus. Continue with items Have the students review the PEER-PRESSURE 2-5 of Cooperative-Research Studies. ALERT on page 18. Invite volunteers to describe some examples of peer pressurethat they have AIDS EXAM witnessed or experienced. Then organize the Each statement is to be answered true or false. students to work in small groups to discuss some 1. The AIDS virus is also called the HIV virus. of these experiences. Have students work out a 2. The AIDS virus can be passed from one person dramatization that involves a peer-pressure to another by coughing, sneezing, or shaking situation and shows how it is resolved. Encourage hands. students to act out their dramatization for the 3. Some insects can transmit the AIDS virus. class. Talk about some of the ways students 4. There is no known cure for AIDS. decided to resolve the peer-pressure situations 5. The AIDS virus can remain inactive in the dramatized in their skits. body for many yea: s. 6. Drug users are becoming the fastest-growing HIV-infected group. 7. AIDS attacks the body's immune system. COOPERATIVE-RESEARCH STUDIES 8. You can get AIDS from donating blood. Prepare a list of glossary terms, alerts, and 1. 9. Researchers know sz!I there is to know about focuses that are cited for each cooperative- AIDS. research study that foilows. Have students read 10. There is only one way to get AIDS. the glossary information alone. 2. , arrange for the students to come together ,STing_pagAlpzioL in groups of three or four members to share and write down ideas about the research topic. Have students review the ALCOHOL ALERT on 3. Assign one student in each group to be the page 4 along with the followingalcohol-related writer for a short, ten-minute report that glossary terms: addiction, akohol, dependence, features the group's ideal;. Students are free to tolerance, withdrawal. Continue with items 2-5 of create their own formatfor the report as well as Cooperative-Research Studies. to decide whatinformation they want to ALCOHOL EXAM include. Each statement is to be answered true or false. 4. Select one student in each group to present the 1. Because alcohol is legal for adults, it's not that report to the class. dangerous. 5. After the group reports are read, present an 2. Alcohol is a drug. questions for students to exam of true or false Alcohol is not very addictive. take individually. This exam can be part of each cooperative-research study. Ask the students to 4. Long-term use of alcohol can cause permanent number a piece of paper from 1 to 10. Ask the brain damage. questions orally. Discuss all responses when the 5. Drinking and driving is the leading cause of exam is concluded. death among adults. 46 3 6. Beer and wine are safer than whiskey. STUDY Two: INHALANTS 7. Alcohol has its greatest effect on the part of the Have students review INHALANTS ALERT on brain that controls behavior. page 12, along with rhe following inhalants-related 8. Alcohol is a depressant, meaning that it slows glossary terms: anesthetic, ether, hallucination, down the activities of the brain. huffing, nitrous oxide, sniffing. Continue with items 9. People who use alcohol regularly may develop 2-5 of Cooperative-Research Studies. a dependence on alcohol. INHALANTS EXAM 10. Alcohol can make people aggressive or violent. Each statement is to be answered true or false. ---- _ 1. Inhalants are the fumes from chemicals. COOPERATIVE-RESEARCH STUDY FOR DRUGS 2. Inhalants are found only in illegal substances. STUD" ONE: GATEWAY DRUGS 3. Inhaling can be habit-forming. Have stla tnts review the glossary term gateway 4. Users of inhalants can suffer permanent brain drug, along with the following gateway-drug- damage. related glossary information: ALCOHOL ALERT on 5. People who inhale chemicals are called sniffers page 4, marijuana, NICOTINE ALERT on page16. or huffers. Continue with items 2-5 of Cooperative-Research 6. People who inhale chemicals inhale only Studies. through the nose. GATEWAY DRUGS ExAm 7. Some inhalants can cause death by "gluing" the Each sentence is to be answered true or false. lungs shut. 1. Alcohol, marijuana, and narcotics are gateway 8. Inhaling even once can cause death. drugs. 9. Inhalants are not as dangerous as other drugs. 2. Gateway drugs are usually the first drugs that 10. Overdose with inhalants is uncommon. users experiment with. STUDY THREE: TOPIC OF CHOICE 3. Gateway drugs are considered safe. Have students do a research study on a topic of 4. Marijuana destroys the body's white choice, such as narcotics, depressants, or blood cells. stimulants, or a specific drug such as ice, LSD, or 5. Marijuana cigarettes are safer than tobacco heroin. Students can also compare and contrast cigarettes. drugs such as depressants and stimulants, or 6. Disease that results from smoking tobacco narcotics and over-the-counter pain relievers. Each products is the leading cause of early death. student in the research group can write a quiz to 7. People who consume too much alcohol often give to each member of the group. do things that they would not ordinarily do. 8. Nicotine is not addictive. COOPERATIVE-RESEARCH STUDY FOR TOBACCO 9. The most powerful chemical in marijuana Have students review NICOTINE ALERT on is THC. page 16, along with the following tobacco-related 10. High amounts of alcohol can cause death. glossary terms: secondhand smoking, tobacco. Continue with items 2-5 of Cooperative- Research Studies.

4 47 TOBACCO EXAM Have students write their own newspaper articles Each statement is to be answered true or false. about a topic of their choice related to alcohol, I. Nicotine is a poison. AIDS, drugs, or tobacco. Encourage students to 2. Tobacco products are known to cause cancers submit their articles to local newspapers or to the of the mouth, throat, and stomach. school newspaper for publication. 3. Secondhand smoke is not dangerous. DRUGS AND CRIME 4. People who breathe in secondhand smoke are Have students research the connection between sick more often than people who do not. drug use and crime. Explain that drug use and 5. Cigarette smoke contains only one harmful crime are closely linked. Users who can't afford the chemical. drugs they are addicted to will often steal to get the 6. Secondhand smoking is the same as passive money they need to buy the drugs. (They may also smoking. engage in sex in exchange for payment or drugs, at 7. Chewing tobacco is considered safe. the risk of acquiring AIDS or other sexually 8. Tar is the addictive substance in cigarettes. transmitted diseases.) Some dealers offer young 9. The younger a person begins smoking, the people drugs for free, but only initially. What the greater the chance of developing lung cancer in dealer is doing is trying to get the young people later life. hooked. However, the young people do not realize 10. Nicotine is considered a gateway drug. this; they may think the dealer is someone who understands their need to escape their problems, someone who cares about them, and someone they can trust. Soon the drugs will no longer be free, ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES and the young people not only become dependent on the drug, but also become dealers. Pik.A.MIELF....s PUBLIC-SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS Have students bring in newspaper articles about drugs or AIDS. Stress the importance of education Discuss some of the public-service announcements through information. Often a great deal of that students have st.:en on television or have heard information is found in the daily newspaper. on the radio about AIDS or drugs. Invite students Students may find articles associated with drug- or to share examples with the class. Ask students why alcohol-related accidents, deaths, or crimes. they think go,,ernment agencies and private agencies produce PSAs, and if students think the Discuss with students the consequences described in the articles, such as the loss of one's future due PSAs make a difference. Ask if there are some PSAs to death or punishment, and how innocentpeople they would like to see or hear aired. Have students create their own 60-second PSA about a topic of can be affected by another person's useof drugs. their choice related to alcohol, AIDS, drugs, or AIDS-related articles may deal with new tobacco. Encourage students to share their PSAs information researchers have discovered, new with the class. statistics regarding the number of people infected, testing, funding, and so on. Encourage students to POSTERS read as much as they can about AIDS. Have students create posters to go along with their cooperative-research studies, newspaper articles, or public-service announcements. 48 5 BULLETIN BOARDS to see what kind of message is being promoted. Provide the use of a bulletin board for students to Ask students if they think these messages promote share the information they gather about alcohol, positive influences. Explain that the shock value of AIDS, drugs, or tobacco. They may want to some of these messages is often used to increase include some articles they have found in the sales and profit, with little regard to those who newspaper, articles they have writtenthemselves, might be hurt by the messages. public-service announcements they have written, or posters they have made. Ifpossible, use a bulletin board in an area where the entire school can see and read it. This willhelp students extend QUESTIONS TO THINK ABOUT FOR a sense of awareness throughoutthe school. SMALL-GROUP AND CLASS DISCUSSIONS Why do you think tobacco products can be DRAMATIZATIONS advertised in magazines but not on television? Have students work out dramatizations similar to Why do you think alcohol can be advertised the type described in the Peer-Pressure Discussion. both on television and in magazines? Some examples of dramatizations might include what students would do if they discovered that a Why do you think people try drugs? friend had AIDS or was using drugs. How do you think drug use can best be prevented? ADVERTISEMENTS Ask students to discuss their feelings about Have students analyze magazine and television AIDS. Tell them that research shows that by the advertisements. Tell students to look for examples time they graduate high school, they will of advertisements that promote dangerous probably know at least one person who has behaviors or the use of alcohol. Discuss how become infected with the AIDS virus. Ask how advertisers often promote their products by they would feel if they learned that their best glamorizing alcohol, tobacco, and casual sex. Have friend had AIDS. How would they treat that students analyze these advertisements to see if person? these things actually have anything to do with the What are some of the ways that drug use leads product being advertised. Ask students why they to AIDS? think advertisers use alcohol, drugs, and casual sex Do you think it's true that a young person's to promote their products.Explain that the future relies on the ability to resist the pressures bottom line is often sales and profit, not the well- to use drugs and alcohol? being of those who are exposed to the What is the difference between having the HIV advertisements. virus and having AIDS? What impact do you think drug abuse has on LYRICS AND VIDEOS Have students analyze lyrics and music videos. society? What are the consequences of driving under the Songs and music videos often glamorize the useof influence of alcohol or other drugs? What are alcohol, drugs, and casual sex. They also glamorize the consequences of getting into a car with a other social issues such as brutalization of women, hostility towards certain groups or races, and so driver who has been using alcohol or other drugs? on. Have studentsanalyze lyrics and music videos 6 How do you think you would feel if you were Len Bias. This Maryland basketball star's dream driving under the influence of alcohol and you came true when he was drafted to the Boston were involved in an accident that caused your Celtics in 1976. Two days later, he died of a passengers to be killed or injured? fatal overdose of cocaine. What do you feel are the consequences, if any, Lyle Alzado. The former professional football of being exposed to the negative messages found player admitted to being a heavy user of steroids in some songs, music videos, or advertisements? throughout his college and professional football Do you think these messages have any effect on career. He acknowledged that the steroids had a the attitudes of those who are exposed to them dramatic aggressive effect on his behavior. on a regular basis? A lzado died in 1992 from an inoperable brain tumor that he believed was a result of his use of steroids. There are also countless actors and actresses, RESEARCH ON PEOPLE WHOSE athletes, and other public figures of all ages to LIVES HAVE BEEN AFFECTED research who have admitted their years of drug BY AIDS OR DRUG USE abuse and treatment. There will probably also be other weii-known people coming forward to Ryan White. Ryan was diagnosed with the disclose their contraction of the AIDS virus. AIDS virus in 1984 at age 13. Ryan contracted the disease through a blood transfusion while being treated for the blood disorder hemophilia. (Since 1985, all blood donations have been SUGGESTED READINGS FOR TEACHERS screened for the AIDS virus. Today, it is still possible, though rare, to contract AIDS through Note to the teacher: Before assigning any books to a blood transfusion.) Ryan died in April 1990. your students, it is recommended that you review Students could also research the community the books first to assure that the material presented reaction to the news that Ryan had AIDS. Some is age-appropriate. Some books contain graphic of what the White family experienced included subject matter. death threats and a suspicious fire that destroyed D s their home. Blake, Jeanne. Risky Times: How to Be AIDS- Magic Johnson. Los Angeles I alters basketball smart er Stay Healthy: A Guide for Teenagers. New star Magic Johnson was diagnosed with the York Workman Publishing Co., Inc., 1990. AIDS virus in 1991. Johnson contracted the disease through casual, unprotected sex. Hein, Karen. AIDS: Trading Fears for Facts: A Arthur Ashe. Tennis great Arthur Ashe was Guide for Young. Yonkers, New York: diagnosed with the AIDS virus in 1988 and Consumer Reports Books, 1991. went public with the news in 1992. Doctors Hyde, Margaret Oldroyd. Know About AIDS. believe that Ashe contracted the disease through New York: Walker & Co., 1990. a blood transfusion in 1983 whileundergoing Nourse, Alan Edward. Teen Guide to AIDS surgery. Prevention. New York: Franklin Watts, Inc., 1990. 5u 7 Quackenbush, Marcia. Teaching AIDS: A Resource Guide on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Santa Cruz, CA: Network Publications, 1986. SUMMARY Silverstein, Alvin. AIDS: Deadly Threat. Hillside, The information provided in The Save-Your-LifeTm NJ: Enslow Publishers, 1991. Glossary is as up-to-date as possible. However, some information will change as more research is -DINC2AgEZ--%,PRUGS, AND T9BACCO done. For example, researchers are learning more Amerikaner, Susan. How to Say No: It's OK to Say about AIDS every day; newer, more powerful No to Drugs. New York: Simon & Schuster, versions of old drugs (such as ice and ecstasy) are 1986. constantly being introduced into the drug market, Arterburn, Stephen. Growing Up Addicted: Why and the effects of ice, ecstasy, inhalants, and other Our Children Abuse Alcohol and Drugs and What drugs on the body and brain are not fully known. 1* Can Do About It. New York: Ballantine Even researchers admit the lack -_.4'conclusive Books, 1989. information. As one researcher recently reported, "mass Condon, Judith. The Pressure to Take Drugs. New our young people are being exposed to a experiment in drug use.'' Therefore, express the York: Franklin Watts, Inc., 1990. need for students to keep themselves informed Edwards, Gabrielle I. Drugs on Yi'ur Streets. New through newspapers, magazines, and news reports York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1991. about the changes being reported about AIDS and Gold, Mark S. The Facts About Drugs and Alcohol. drugs. It is also important for students to realize Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988. that although The SaveYourLfi'TM Glossary Goldman, Bob. Death in the Locker Room: attempts to provide as many street namesfor each Steroids, Cocaine, th- Sports. Tucson, AZ: Body drug as possible, in certain areas of the country, Press, 1987. some drugs are given namesthat are specific only Hawley, Richard A. A School Answers Back: to that region. Therefore, it wouldbe impossible Responding to Student Drug Use. Rockville, MD: to list every street name for everydrug. Ameriran Council for Drug Education, 1984. Knox, Jean McBee. Drinking, Driving,th- Drugs. New York: Chelsea House, 1988. Perry, Robert Louis. Focus on Nicotine and Caffeine. Frederick, MD: Twenty-First Century Books and Publications, 1990. Shulman, Jeffrey. Drugs and Crime. Frederick, MD: Twenty-First Century Books and Publications, 1991. Tobias, Joyce M. Kids 6- Drugs: A Handbookfor Parents and Professionals. Annandale, VA:Panda Press, 1986.

51 8 BEST COPY AVAILABLE

1 ANSWER KEY

AIDS ALERT (page 2): Answers may vary but could include shaking hands, insects, being in the same room with an AIDS-infected person,going to school with an AIDS-infected person, and donating blood. ALCOHOL ALERT (page 4): All servings contain the same amount of alcohol, about 1.5 ounces. HEROIN ALERT (page 10): A. true B. false C. false ICE ALERT (page 11): No. Ice is a form of methamphetamine, which has been around since the turn of the century. INHALANTS ALERT (page 12): Yes. LSD ALERT (page 14): A. false B. false C. false D. true NICOTINE ALERT (page 16): D STEROIDS ALERT (page 20): A

AIDS GATEWAY DRUGS TOBACCO 1. true 6. false 1. false 6. true 1. true 6. true 2. false 7. true 2. true 7. true 2. true 7. false 3. false 8. false 3. false 8. false 3. false 8. false 4. true 9. false 4. true 9. true 4. true 9. true 5. true 10. false 5. false 10. true 5.false 10. true ALCOHOL INHALANTS 1. false 6. false 1. true 6. false 2. true 7. true 2. false 7. true 3. false 8. true 3. true 8. true 4. true 9. true 4. true 9. false 5. false 10. true 5. true 10. false

PEST COPY AVAILABLE 9 5314

THE SAVE-YOUR-LIFETm GLOSSARY Facts You Cannot Ipwre!

ALCOHOL Alcohol is a drug. Alcohol is one of the drugs most habitual drug users report having first used. Driving under the influence of alcohol is the leading cause of death among teenagers. Alcohol is extremely addictive.

AIDS-HIV VMUSES There is no known cure for AIDS. Teenagers are becoming the fastest-growing HIV- infected group. It can take years for signs of the AIDS disease to appear. Once AIDS appears, the chance of surviving more than three years is small.

DRUGS Many drugs are more powerful today than they were 10 years ago. Many drugs can cause permanent brain damage. Many students buy and use drugs at school. The number of students who use drugs by the time they reach sixth grade has tripled sh.ce 1975.

TOBACCO Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 harmful chemicals. A tiny drop of nicotine is enough to kill a person. The younger a person begins smoking, the greater chance of developing lung cancer in later life. Chewing tobacco can cause diseases and cancers of the mouth, throat, and stomach.

Cat. No. CA201 CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES, INC. 5 Esquire Road, North Billerica, MA 01862-2589 Phone: 508 667-8000 Fax: 508 667-5706 Toll Free: 800 225-0248 (U.S. & Canada)