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ESPOO 2002 VTT SYMPOSIUM 222 The expert meeting on Power Production from Waste and Biomass IV, with VTT SYMPOSIUM 222 emphasis on advanced concepts and technologies, was held on 8–10 April 2002 in Espoo, Finland. The meeting was organised by VTT Processes in co- operation with EC DG TREN, Novem, IEA Bioenergy Task 36, Tekes and the Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry. In Europe, several directives will set targets for future waste policy. The directive on landfilling will reduce significantly the volumes of combustible fractions. On top of traditional massburning of mixed waste, there is a need for advanced concepts with higher material recovery and higher efficiency in energy production. In the future, instead of mixed municipal solid waste, quality Power production from waste and biomass IV. Advanced concepts and technologies controlled recovered fuels will be produced and used as such or co-fired in existing power plants. The target of increasing renewable energy production in Europe from 6 to 12% by 2010 will boost R&D, future investments and business opportunities. Modern waste treatment practices will have an important role to play in meeting the goals of the Kyoto Protocol. Indicative of the interest in power production from waste and bioenergy was the participation of about 160 specialists from 19 countries. Industrial companies were well represented, indicating the existence of good business opportunities in this field. The next meeting on power production from waste and biomass will be organised in 2005. Power production from waste and biomass IV Advanced concepts and technologies Tätä julkaisua myy Denna publikation säljs av This publication is available from VTT TIETOPALVELU VTT INFORMATIONSTJÄNST VTT INFORMATION SERVICE PL 2000 PB 2000 P.O.Box 2000 02044 VTT 02044 VTT FIN–02044 VTT, Finland Puh. (09) 456 4404 Tel. (09) 456 4404 Phone internat. +358 9 456 4404 Faksi (09) 456 4374 Fax (09) 456 4374 Fax +358 9 456 4374 ISBN 951–38–5734–4 (soft back ed.) ISBN 951–38–5735–5 (URL: http://www.inf.vtt.fi/pdf/) ISSN 0357–9387 (soft back ed.) ISSN 1455–0873 (URL: http://www.inf.vtt.fi/pdf/) VTT SYMPOSIUM 222 Keywords: bioenergy, municipal solid waste, residues, recovered fuels, combustion, gasification, cogeneration, cofiring, emissions control, recycling Power production from waste and biomass IV Advanced concepts and technologies Espoo, Finland, 8–10 April, 2002 Edited by Kai Sipilä Marika Rossi Organised by VTT, EC DG TREN, IEA Bioenergy, Novem, Tekes, KTM ISBN 951–38–5734–4 (soft back ed.) ISSN 0357–9387 (soft back ed.) ISBN 951–38–5735–5 (URL:http://www.inf.vtt.fi/pdf/) ISSN 1455–0873 (URL: http://www.inf.vtt.fi/pdf/ ) Copyright © VTT 2002 JULKAISIJA – UTGIVARE – PUBLISHER VTT, Vuorimiehentie 5, PL 2000, 02044 VTT puh. vaihde (09) 4561, faksi 456 4374 VTT, Bergsmansvägen 5, PB 2000, 02044 VTT tel. växel (09) 4561, fax 456 4374 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Vuorimiehentie 5, P.O.Box 2000, FIN–02044 VTT, Finland phone internat. + 358 9 4561, fax + 358 9 456 4374 VTT Prosessit, Biologinkuja 3–5, PL 1601, 02044 VTT puh. vaihde (09) 4561, faksi (09) 460 493 VTT Processer, Biologgränden 3–5, PB 1601, 02044 VTT tel. växel (09) 4561, fax (09) 460 493 VTT Processes, Biologinkuja 3–5, P.O.Box 1601, FIN–02044 VTT, Finland phone internat. + 358 9 4561, fax + 358 9 460 493 Technical editing Maini Manninen Otamedia Oy, Espoo 2002 Abstract The seminar on Power Production from Waste and Biomass IV, with emphasis on advanced concepts and technologies, was held on 8–10 April 2002 in Espoo, Finland. The meeting was organised by VTT Processes in co-operation with EC DG TREN, Novem (from the Netherlands), IEA Bioenergy Task 36, Tekes and the Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry. Overviews of the European waste policies, waste management and waste-to- energy practices were given. Most of the relevant directives were presented including the directive concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC). The directive on waste incineration and its practical implications for fluid bed combustion and gasification of solid recovered fuels were discussed actively in the meeting. An overview of traditional massburning of mixed waste was given. The main focus, however, was on advanced process concepts and technologies. For example, in Finland, recovered fuel production and cofiring, based on either direct combustion in fluid bed boilers or pregasification, have been introduced successfully at several power plants. Fuel specifications are controlled by the Finnish recovered fuel standard. In Europe, a project for preparing the future CEN standard was presented and discussed. Experiences and R&D activities in the areas of fluid bed combustion and gasification, including gas cleaning and monitoring practices, were presented. Modern waste-to-energy concepts will play an important role in advanced waste management business concepts. Future integrated waste recycling and energy production concepts, based on source separation and recovered fuel production, were presented. New R&D results were also presented concerning additional paper and plastic recovery from commercial and industrial waste, typically packaging waste. National waste management policies and practices in the Netherlands and in Finland were presented based on the bilateral information exchange between Novem of the Netherlands and Tekes of Finland. The proceedings include the presentations given by the key speakers and other invited speakers, as well as papers based on some of the poster presentations. 3 Preface The seminar on Power Production from Waste and Biomass IV, with emphasis on advanced concepts and technologies, was held on 8–10 April 2002 in Espoo, Finland. The previous seminars organised by VTT had been held in December 1992, March 1995 and September 1998 and the proceedings of these seminars have been published in the VTT Symposium series. The meeting was organised by VTT Processes in co-operation with EC DG TREN, Novem (from the Netherlands), IEA Bioenergy Task 36, Tekes and the Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry. Results of the Finnish Waste-to-Energy R&D Program were presented. The Program constituted 60 projects with a total budget of 16 million euros. Additional information is available at www.wastetoenergy.vtt.fi. Key results of the Dutch – Finnish information exchange, supported by Novem and Tekes, were presented by Ir. Kees Kwant of Novem. In Europe, several directives will set targets for future waste policy. The directive on landfilling will reduce significantly the volumes of combustible fractions; several countries have already set a total ban on the landfilling of combustible material. On top of traditional massburning of mixed waste, there is a need for advanced concepts with higher material recovery and higher efficiency in energy production. In the future, instead of mixed municipal solid waste, quality controlled recovered fuels will be produced and used as such or co-fired in existing power plants. The directive on waste incineration will set tight limits on emissions. A significant part of future investments aimed at reducing landfill waste volumes will be allocated to waste-to-energy projects. The directive on electricity production from renewable energy sources will catalyse green power production from the biogenic waste fractions. The target of increasing renewable energy production in Europe from 6 to 12% by 2010 will boost R&D, future investments and business opportunities. Modern waste treatment practices will have an important role to play in meeting the goals of the Kyoto Protocol. 4 Indicative of the interest in power production from waste and bioenergy was the participation of about 160 specialists from 19 countries. Industrial companies were well represented, indicating the existence of good business opportunities in this field. The next seminar on power production from waste and biomass will be organised in 2005. Espoo, April 2002 Kai Sipilä 5 Contents ABSTRACT 3 PREFACE 4 Overview of EU waste to energy aspects and RES 9 K. Maniatis, EC DG TREN Waste to energy policy in the Netherlands and financial support for renewable energies 25 K. Kwant, Novem Overview of Finnish waste to energy R&D programme 31 K. Sipilä, VTT Activities of the European IPCC Bureau with particular reference to the waste incineration and combustion sectors 47 P. James, EU BAT Office MSW RECYCLING – WASTE TO ENERGY Resource management by the Green Dot in Germany 57 G. Fahrbach, Der Grüne Punkt – Gesellschaft für System Technologie GmbH MSW management policy and practices in Helsinki region 69 J. Paavilainen, YTV Waste separation and energy recovery – energetic and environmental assessment of the complete chain 77 R. de Vries & E. Pfeiffer, Kema Environmental evaluation (BPEO) 93 N. Patel, AEA Technology New approach to recycling and waste-to-energy in paper production, Urban Mill 103 P. Ristola, Metso Corporation 6 WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND EMISSIONS Dutch national waste management plan, considerations, instruments and goals 113 H. Huisman, AOO:LAP Summary of the Swedish report “Förbränning av avfall – en kunskaps- sammanställning om dioxiner” (Waste-to-energy, an inventory and review about dioxins) 127 Å. Hagelin, RVF Bottom ash and APC residue management 151 J. Vehlow, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe EU Waste incineration and LCP directives, co-firing and practical examples in fluidized-bed boilers/power plants 177 M. Hiltunen, Foster Wheeler Energy Experiences of RDF fluidized-bed combustion and gasification, emissions and fuel quality aspects 185 P. Makkonen & A. Hotta, Foster Wheeler Energy Norrköping 75 MW CFB plant and biomass RDF combustion in fluidized-bed boilers 211 B.-Å. Andersson1, M. Lundberg1, B. Heikne2 & U. Josefsson3 (1) Kvaerner Pulping, (2) Sydkraft Östvärme, (3) Sycon Future mix of energy: Contribution by non-regular/recovered fuels – energy and emissions 233 R. Lindbauer, BBP-AE Energietechnik MSW source separation and REF production – experiences 243 L. Hietanen, VTT Biomass CFB gasifier connected to a 50 MWth steam boiler fired with coal and natural gas – THERMIE demonstration project in Lahti, Finland 253 M.
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