Guns & Cannon Along Victoria's South West Coastline

Evolution of smooth bore gun technology Introduction The City of Warrnambool and the Shires of Moyne and Glenelg are proud custodians of a collection of artillery pieces of heritage significance Guns & Cannon at a state, national and international level. These pieces are directly related to the defence of south-west Victoria in the 19th century or are 20th century trophy and disposal guns. along Victoria’s

This guide provides an historical background to the fortifications of south-western Victoria. Maps locating the fortifications are included. With South West Coastline the exception of the guns displayed in the Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village Museum, all fortifications and their guns are accessible free of charge. All fortifications are in outstanding elevated locations and provide excellent 32 pdr SBML Gun. views of the coastline. Play Safe Walking around the battery structures can be dangerous. Climbing or playing on the guns is also dangerous. Children should be supervised at all times. Respect Our Heritage The items listed in this brochure are of heritage significance and must not be tampered with, removed or damaged in any way. Penalties under the Heritage Act 1995 apply. Please respect the value of these guns and treat them with care. Additional Reading Bennett, Gwen, Portland’s Historic Battery, Portland, 1994. Billet, Bill, Victoria’s Guns, a Field Guide, Scienceworks, Spotswood, 1994. Jean, Amanda and others, ‘Battery Hill Reserve, Port Fairy’, a report to Moyne Shire, 2007, re-edited by Heritage Matters Pty Ltd. Penzig, Edgar, Colonial guns: a pictorial record of the firearms used in Australia 1850-1900, Katoomba, Tranter Enterprises, 1992. 68pdr SBML Gun. Further information Warrnambool & District Historical Society, [email protected], (03) 5562 6940 Port Fairy Historical Society, [email protected], (03) 5568 2263 Portland Historical Society, [email protected], Acknowledgements This brochure has been prepared by Heritage Matters Pty Ltd for the City of Warrnambool and the Moyne and Glenelg Shires.

The text has been taken from ‘Conservation Management Plan of Victorian Guns and Cannon, South Western Victoria’ 2007, a report by ARCHAEO Cultural Heritage Services prepared for the City of Warrnambool and the Moyne and Glenelg Shires. Download from http://www.flagstaffhill.com/.

Historic photographs are provided by local historical societies. Modern photographs are provided by Heritage Matters Pty Ltd. The maps are 80 pdr RML Gun. provided by the GIS officers of the municipalities. A guide to the coastal fortifications in Images of cannon courtesy of Bob Nicholls, Colonial Guns,

Australian Military History Publications Loftus NSW, 1998,. Warrnambool, Port Fairy and Portland

photo courtesy of Port Fairy Historical Society Society Historical Fairy Port of courtesy photo Society Historical Portland of courtesy photo

Battery Hill Port Fairy Fairy Port Hill Battery Portland Hill Battery

force defence a up make who soldiers of group a – Garrison •

fortification a within area defensive small – Redoubt •

location defensive one in pieces artillery of grouping a – Battery •

horizontal for used guns shell – Howitzer • firing

firing high-angle for used guns shell – Mortar •

location domestic a to returned gun a – Gun Disposal •

publicly by a victor a by publicly

displayed and enemy an from captured gun a – Gun Trophy •

recoil

absorbs which carriage and barrel for support sloping – Slide Gun •

mounted is barrel which on trolley wheeled – Carriage Gun •

about but still required manoeuvring to select distance and direction. direction. and distance select to manoeuvring required still but about barrel the of side the into loaded balls cannon – Loaded Breech •

Unlike land combat artillery, coastal artillery did not have to be moved moved be to have not did artillery coastal artillery, combat land Unlike views over the Southern Ocean. Ocean. Southern the over views barrel the into loaded front balls cannon – Loaded Muzzle •

The fortifications were established on elevated positions commanding commanding positions elevated on established were fortifications The barrel gun a within grooves spiral – Artillery Rifled •

piercing shell a distance of 3.7 km which then exploded on contact. on exploded then which km 3.7 of distance a shell piercing Russian ‘scare’ at least seventy-five men were assigned to each battery. battery. each to assigned were men seventy-five least at ‘scare’ Russian interior barrel smooth – Artillery Bore Smooth •

a rifled, muzzle-loaded 80 pdr gun which could fire a 32.3 kg armour armour kg 32.3 a fire could which gun pdr 80 muzzle-loaded rifled, a trained at the battery and the drill hall. In 1884, at the height of the the of height the at 1884, In hall. drill the and battery the at trained artillery that fire heavy projectiles (shot or shell) or (shot projectiles heavy fire that artillery

km. By the late 19th century further advances were achieved including including achieved were advances further century 19th late the By km. battery was undertaken by a garrison of local voluntary militia who who militia voluntary local of garrison a by undertaken was battery mounted large - mortars) and howitzers guns, (including Cannon •

68 pdr small bore, muzzle-loaded gun enabled firing a cannon ball 2.9 2.9 ball cannon a firing enabled gun muzzle-loaded bore, small pdr 68 grouped together in a battery. The operation and maintenance of each each of maintenance and operation The battery. a in together grouped

Glossary

iron sheathing as armour requiring larger artillery to pierce them. The The them. pierce to artillery larger requiring armour as sheathing iron located off-site within the towns. Accompanying artillery pieces were were pieces artillery Accompanying towns. the within off-site located

ball. As the nineteenth century progressed warships were fitted with with fitted were warships progressed century nineteenth the As ball. huts and earth ramparts. Associated drill halls and orderly rooms were were rooms orderly and halls drill Associated ramparts. earth and huts

internationally and their timber carriages and slides are extremely rare. extremely are slides and carriages timber their and internationally were sometimes re-bored to enable them to fire a 32 pound cannon cannon pound 32 a fire to them enable to re-bored sometimes were concrete gun emplacements, armouries, powder magazines, officers’ officers’ magazines, powder armouries, emplacements, gun concrete

erected as monuments. Surviving guns from the 1800s are now rare rare now are 1800s the from guns Surviving monuments. as erected 32 pdr fired a cannon ball a distance of 2.5 kms. Smaller 24 pdr guns guns pdr 24 Smaller kms. 2.5 of distance a ball cannon a fired pdr 32 pieces dated from the Napoleonic Wars. The fortifications included: included: fortifications The Wars. Napoleonic the from dated pieces

Victoria. Others were removed from their defensive sites and re- and sites defensive their from removed were Others Victoria. firing a cannon ball weighing 32 or 36 pounds (14.5 or 16.3 kg). The The kg). 16.3 or (14.5 pounds 36 or 32 weighing ball cannon a firing imported to the colony from Britain as early as the 1850s. Some of the the of Some 1850s. the as early as Britain from colony the to imported

lesser defensive sites like those set up along the south-west coast of of coast south-west the along up set those like sites defensive lesser the 32 and 36 ‘pounder’ smooth-bore, muzzle-loaded guns capable of of capable guns muzzle-loaded smooth-bore, ‘pounder’ 36 and 32 the The fortifications were designed to house artillery pieces that were were that pieces artillery house to designed were fortifications The

pieces were handed down replacing older artillery or relegated to to relegated or artillery older replacing down handed were pieces By 1805 during the Napoleonic Wars naval artillery standardised on on standardised artillery naval Wars Napoleonic the during 1805 By

Britain, the metal reused and the carriages and slides destroyed. Some Some destroyed. slides and carriages the and reused metal the Britain, the 1880s. 1880s. the

these naval artillery pieces. Most gun barrels were melted down in in down melted were barrels gun Most pieces. artillery naval these dropping shells into the front, increased the rate of fire from each gun. each from fire of rate the increased front, the into shells dropping in prominent locations at Warrnambool, Port Fairy and Portland during during Portland and Fairy Port Warrnambool, at locations prominent in

At the end of their useful lives in Europe, one of three fates awaited awaited fates three of one Europe, in lives useful their of end the At that is, slotting shells through a gap in the side of the barrel rather than than rather barrel the of side the in gap a through shells slotting is, that this report, fortifications were constructed by the colonial government government colonial the by constructed were fortifications report, this

made a cannon ball spin making firing more accurate. Breach loading, loading, Breach accurate. more firing making spin ball cannon a made to act as a powerful deterrent to attack by hostile warships’. Following Following warships’. hostile by attack to deterrent powerful a as act to

refiring. achieved by rifling, that is, boring spiral groves inside the barrel which which barrel the inside groves spiral boring is, that rifling, by achieved against prolonged operations, but they should be sufficiently formidable formidable sufficiently be should they but operations, prolonged against

which enabled the gun to recoil and return to its original position for for position original its to return and recoil to gun the enabled which pieces of cast iron forming a smooth interior. Later, advantages were were advantages Later, interior. smooth a forming iron cast of pieces defences of British ports need not provide … complete protection protection complete … provide not need ports British of defences

slides which could be swivelled on iron rails to change direction and and direction change to rails iron on swivelled be could which slides the barrels of naval guns and cannon were simply bored out of solid solid of out bored simply were cannon and guns naval of barrels the defence operations in Australia. The report stated that ‘the local local ‘the that stated report The Australia. in operations defence

carriages became insufficient and were superseded by carriages and and carriages by superseded were and insufficient became carriages size, naval artillery of the 1800s was similar the world over. Initially Initially over. world the similar was 1800s the of artillery naval size, Jervois and Captain Scratchley, identified sites suitable to facilitate facilitate to suitable sites identified Scratchley, Captain and Jervois

wheeled trolleys. As naval artillery became heavier, basic wooden wooden basic heavier, became artillery naval As trolleys. wheeled from ships or supplied directly to the batteries. Despite variations in in variations Despite batteries. the to directly supplied or ships from A report prepared in 1877 by two of Britain’s military advisors, General General advisors, military Britain’s of two by 1877 in prepared report A

This was achieved by mounting the guns initially on simple wooden- simple on initially guns the mounting by achieved was This The south-west Victorian defences used naval artillery either taken taken either artillery naval used defences Victorian south-west The

sea and was therefore favoured over lighter land-based counterparts. counterparts. land-based lighter over favoured therefore was and sea were vulnerable to attack from the sea. sea. the from attack to vulnerable were

photo courtesy of Warrnambool & District Historical Society Society Historical District & Warrnambool of courtesy photo

Naval artillery was designed first and foremost to destroy ships at at ships destroy to foremost and first designed was artillery Naval importance of these ports as gateways to the interior, it was feared they they feared was it interior, the to gateways as ports these of importance Gun Carriage outside Drill Hall and Orderly Room, Warrnambool Warrnambool Room, Orderly and Hall Drill outside Carriage Gun

South Channel Fort and Point Nepean, and Melbourne. Due to the the to Due Melbourne. and Nepean, Point and Fort Channel South

The Guns The already established hubs of trade and industry, the forts at Queenscliff, Queenscliff, at forts the industry, and trade of hubs established already

ports. This network consisted of small coastal settlements that were were that settlements coastal small of consisted network This ports.

fortifications at strategic positions to defend Victoria’s principal principal Victoria’s defend to positions strategic at fortifications Warrnambool complement the south-west collection. south-west the complement Warrnambool

and 1887 the colonial government developed a network of permanent permanent of network a developed government colonial the 1887 and guns and World War Two disposal guns located on Cannon Hill at at Hill Cannon on located guns disposal Two War World and guns

integrated system of defence along Victoria’s coastline. Between 1866 1866 Between coastline. Victoria’s along defence of system integrated strategic briefly during World War Two. World War One trophy trophy One War World Two. War World during briefly strategic

by wars waging in Europe, Canada and the United States led to an an to led States United the and Canada Europe, in waging wars by downgraded and soon became redundant. The sites again became became again sites The redundant. became soon and downgraded

Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries the threat of invasion posed posed invasion of threat the centuries 20th and 19th the Throughout defending regional outposts receded and the fortifications were were fortifications the and receded outposts regional defending

By 1909, the threat of attack had declined so the emphasis on on emphasis the so declined had attack of threat the 1909, By

The Batteries The

e lin st oa c west th ou s s oria’ ct Vi g alon annon c & s un g of ew i v r ve o al c ori st Hi The nineteenth century network of defence stretches along Victoria's south west coastline

TyrendarraTyrendarraTyrendarra   HeathmereHeHeathmereathmere

  WinslowWWinslowinslow NarrawongNarrawongNarrawong CodringtonCodringCodringtonton    KirkstallKirkstallKirkstall  AllestreeAllestreeAllestree KoroitKoroiKoroitt PortlandPortlanPortlandd BayBayBay  KoroitKoroit

YambukYYambukambuk TowerTower HillHill     ToolongToolongToolong ReserveReserve LakeLake YambukYambuk PP LakeLake YambukYambuk PPRR RRII  IIIINN  CC IllowaIllowaIllowaIllowa EE   SS RosebrookRosebrook  PORTLANDPORTLAPORTLANDND RosebrookRosebrookRosebrook KillarneyKillarney 

HHHH HHHH WWW WWW YYYY YYYY  WARRNAMBOOLWARRNAMBOWARRNAMBOOLOL  GriffithsGriffiths IslandIsland WARRNAMBOOLWARRNWARRNAMBOOLAMBOOL PORTPORT FAIRYFAIRY CapeCape NelsonNelsonNelson   Portland Artillery Port Fairy Artillery Warrnambool Artillery WarrnamboolWarrnamboolWarrWarrnamboolnambool BelfastBelfast LoughLouLoughgh ColacColacColac The Portland Battery was constructed in 1889. The site had been The site of the PortColacColacColac Fairy Battery has been used for defence purposes The artillery pieces at Warrnambool are located at Flagstaff Hill, GeGeelongGeelongGeelongelong gazetted for defence purposes in the 1840s and initially comprised the since 1867 when a 32 pdr smooth-bore muzzle-loaded artillery Cannon Hill and the Botanic Gardens. In the nineteenth century Portland Lighthouse which was built in 1859. However the lighthouse piece was installed. Another was installed in 1872. One was sold to Cannon Hill was a defensive site and now comprises several WW1 and the lighthouse keepers’ cottages were relocated to Whalers Bluff to the Borough Council and moved to the Botanic Gardens for use as trophy and WW2 disposal guns. Flagstaff Hill Battery was established make way for the Battery. The Battery comprised a magazine, an upper a monument around 1887. In 1874 further defences were added in the late 1880s. It is believed that the artillery pieces at Flagstaff Hill rrrrrrr chamber, a parapet wall and three gun emplacements. During World including a redoubt. Then, following thevvvveeee rrrrrJervoisrr and Scratchley reports and Warrnambool Botanic Gardens were originally sited at Cannon RRRiiiiviivivveeee eeee R RR of 1877, more permanent fortificationsnnnneeee were constructed. Just two War 2 the Battery was used by Volunteer Air Observer Corps for ooooyyyynnnn Hill and moved in 1910. There are other small guns in Flagstaff Hill MMMoooo aircraft movement observations. years later, two 80 pdr rifled muzzle-loadedMMM Armstrong artillery pieces Maritime Village Museum retrieved from local shipwrecks. with iron traversing carriages were installed in concrete emplacements.

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aaaavvvv rrrririiniiniinnccc aaaayyyy AlbertAlbertAlbert ParkParkPark HHHH aaaa S cccceeee AlbertAlbertAlbert ParkParkPark HHHH aaaa cccceeee AlbertAlbertAlbert ParkParkPark eeee vvvvaaaa nnnncccceeee yyyy AlbertAlbertAlbert ParkParkPark HHH S SS ee HHH S SS t ee HHH aaa cceee AlbertAlbertAlbert ParkParkPark HH S eess HH S t eess HH aa ccceee HH S SS eeess HH S SS t eeess HHH aaa cccee AlbertAlbertAlbert ParkParkPark t a s t s H a cee HH S eess HH t eess H c e HH S S ess HH SS t ess H e HH S S eeess HH S S t eeess HH aaa ee s B t s HH aa ee HH S ss BB HH S t ss HH e HH S SS ss HH S S t ss e t HH S S ss HH SS t ss H S e s t s HH S SS ee s t s HH S S ss Ba SS t ss H es S S ss Baa S S t ss HH S eess s BBaa t s HH S SS eeess S ss S t t ss SS s SS t s H es SS ss SS t ss HH S eess t HH S S eess s Ba t s HH S S eess St ss BBBaaa St t ss s SStttttt sss SStttttt t sss HHH S SS ss t H ss t ss HH t ss HH s ttt ss HH tttt t ss HH s ttt ss HH BBaann ttt t ss HH S SS ss H BBBaannn t H S S ss ttt H H tttt t H H s tt t t S s tt HH tt t HH S ss H t H SSS ss H t H tttt HH BBaaannnkk tttt t HH s ttt HH BBaannkk ttt t HH St ss H t H SSStttttt sss tt H t t t H ttttt H H tttttt t H H t ss HH Ban t tttt ss HH H BBBaaaannnnkkkk t H tt ss HH tt HH tt t HH H ttttt H H ttttt t H H tttt H H t HH t HH ttt H HH tttttt HHH BBBaaaannnnkkkk S SS ttttttt t HHH ttttt H H HHHiiigiiigigg aaaannnnkkkk S SSttttttt t HHHiiigiiigigg KKK ttttttt H HHiiiiiii igiig S igiig i ig iigiigg k Stt S iigiigg KK iiiigiig igiig kkk S SSttttt S igiig KK ggig ii S ii i gig S gig igg i S i K iiigig gh S gh KKK gg gghh S gghh ig gghh SStttt S gghh igig ggh S Sttt S ggh iigiig gh S gh KK S K gghh S gghh K g gghh S gghh gig gghh S gghh igig h t S h Ko iigiig hh SSttt S hh KKooo g hh SStt S hh iiigiig h S S h gig S i hh S hh ooo hh S hh o gh hh t S hh gghh h ttttt S h gggh hh t S hh oooo gghh hh S hh gghh S ggghh hw S hw gh hhww S hhww oo h hhhw S hhhw oo hh hw S hw hh hw hw w S w hhw S hhw h ww S ww hhhw hhhw ooo hh hw S hw o hh w S w hh ww S ww h ww S ww h ww ww oorrr h oorr hh S h w S w h ww S ww ww S ww hw ww S ww orr hhww ooorrr ww w S w o hh hhww w S w w w ww ww hw ww S ww hhww rrr hww rr hhww w S w h ww ww w ww S ww ww ww ww ro ww ro rroo ww wa wa rro wwaa wwaa w waa waa w wwaa wwaa ww a a rrroo ww aa aa rroo w aa aa w a a ww a a rrroroo aa aa ro w aa aa ww a a ro www a a roo a a rroo aa aa wwaa wwaa a a wwaa aa aa ooo a aa aa o aa aa aayy aayy oiii a ayy ayy oooiiii a aaayy aaayy aa y y aa aayy aayy ooiiiii a aaayy aaayy ooii aa yyyy yyyy iiiiititittttt aaaayyyy yy s yy iiiiititittt t t aaayy yy s yy aayyy yyy s yyy iiiiitittt t t yyy y s y it y yy s yy y yy s yy yy yy s yy iittt yy s iiiiitttt yy s y s yy s s yy s ttttt S S yy s tt S s y s yy s ttt S yyy s tttt SS s s y s s yy s yy s S S yy s S s s s S SS ss ss SSS ss ss s SSS t t t t t t ss ss St s Sttt t SSttt ss ss ttttttt t t t t t t t t t ss ttttttt ttttttt t t t t t t s ttt ttttt t tttt t t p tttttt tttttt t t t t t t t t pp ttttttt ttttttt t t t t t t p pp t ttttt t p tttttt t t KK KK p p ttttt K K p KK t t t t t t t KK p pp p tttttt KK KK p t KK KK p pp KK KK p p KKK t t t t t t t KKK pp ppp p KKK KKK KKK p p SSS K K p KK SS p KK KKK KKK p p KK SSS p K S p K KKo KKo p p SS KKooo KKooo p KK SS p KK S oo oo t t t t p o o p SS oo oo t p t t p KKK SSS oo oo p p S ooo ooo p SS p KKK S S t t K oooo oooo t t t t t p S p KKKoooo S S oooorrrr SSSSSSS oooorrrr t t t t t t t p oooo S S S S rr SS SSS rr t t t t t p oor S oor or or t or or p or S or o o t oooo rrr rrr p rr rr p p o S t o S t t oo t o S o rror SSS S rror t t t p p rrooo rrooo p p oooorrrr roro S S roro t t t t p p pp ro ro t ro S ro ro S ro SS S t t p ooorrr p or rrrooroo rrrooroo p p p rrrr t t p p r rrooro SSSSSSS rrooro t t t t t p pp rro rro p rrroor p roo p EastEastEast Beach BeachBeach g ooo ooo i gg o o o o p g S S p o g S ror S ro ro g ro S o S r i S i i p p gg ooii ooii i ooiiii ooiiii p gg p EastEastEast Beach BeachBeach rrrooroo gg i East Beach g i i S S S S i i i p pi p oo oo oii oii g oi S oi g oii S oii o o i S p rrooro ggg p ro i ro t Portland t i p p g iiiiiittitttt PortlandPortland iiiiiittitttt i EastEastEast Beach BeachBeach i g i i i oo gigig o o g p o i o g iiiiitttittt iiiiitttittt pi i p p iiig t t p i i i ooii igig i ooii i ig Portland p EastEastEast Beach BeachBeach oiii gig Portland p East Beach PortlandPortland i East Beach ig i i ig t t t t i i iiitt iiitt i it it p it it it it i i ooooiiiiiii igi igi itit t itit t i pi giigigg iiitt iiitt i iitt PortlandPortlandPortland iitt p EastEastEast Beach BeachBeach iiiiitittittt i ig SS t SSS SS i i gigiigigig iiiiitittittt t iiiiitittittt t i g i iiiiitittitttt tttt t S SS PortlandPortland tttt t S SS i i EastEastEast Beach BeachBeach iiiiiii S t S tS S t t i S i ti t S it i i iittt S it i ttttt t t S SS ttttt t t S SS i i iiiiii i iittit t i PortlandPortlandPortland i EastEastEast Beach BeachBeach iiiittt S S S SSS S i i ii ii S S S S i S SS i

S S S t t ii i iiiiiittittt S SS Portland yyy S SS i i SS PortlandPortland yy SS i t t S S S S y S S ttt S S t S S t S y i SS SS S bbb SS SS i ttttt t t S SS bbb PortlandPortlandPortland wwwaaayyy i w SS bb SS ay SS b S S S b way S b SSSttttttt iiiigigghhhwwwaaayyy SS Sttttttt S SS bbbbbb y S b i h S S b g wa S y ighwa SS y ttttttt ttttttt sss H HHiiiigigghhhwwwaaayyy S ttttttt ttttttt SSS bbbbbb wa S t S t t t t t y t s H t S ighw S b s ay b t S t SS t t S b s High S S b t way t S tttttt ttttttt iiinninccceeesss H HHiiiigigghhhwwwaaayyy S tttttt ttttttt SSSttttttt bbbbbb ttt iinccees H h y b n ig way b t ttttt t inces H h ttttt t t t tt t ig way tt ttttttt ttttttt PPrriiiinninccceeesss H HHiiiigigghhhwwwaaayyy ttttttt ttttttt ttttttt bbbbbb ttttttt tttttt P wa r t t t P ince y t t tt r s H t t t Princes Highway t tt t t tt ighway t ttttttt ttttttt PPrrriinninccceeesss H Hiigigghhhwwaaay ttttttt ttttttt tttttt eee tttttt ttttttt Prriinncceess Highwayy G e t t igh y Prince way e t t s Highway t t e t t Prince t t t t t s Highwa G ttt t t t y t t tt t tt PPrrriinninccceees H G t t t eeeeee ttttt tttttt Princess H Hiigigghhhwwaaa G ttttt t t Pr G t s H ince igh m t t s H wa m

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CCo e TTTiiiiiii LLLLLL gg  C e gg i L l i o l l i ee i e i gg C el gg LLL o el L gg C el gg gggggg CCCooox l gggggg iiiimiiimm LLLLLL  o e e a x l l L a a C el el o el a x g aa ox eel g igiggigigg  a CCoooxxx S l igiggigigg iiiimiiimm LLLLLL a i g a l l g m i l i i iiim LL i C l im gg gg a a ox S l gg im LL g ig a a Cox S l ig L ggg a igigiigigigig CCoooxxx S S l igigiigigigig iiiimiimim L gggggg nn  l l g a a C l l l l n a o l l a x S i l i igg a a C l igg n i x S l i i igigiigigiigg a CCoooxxx S St l l igigiigigiigg iiiimiiimm igggiggg nnn i i t l l l i i gg g i a l g m i C l g ig a l l i m i n l m g n i o m g g i x S g l m a a m i i t l m i i C l gg n a a o S l ig i a t l C l n iiiiiii i Coooxxx S SStttt iiiiiii mmm igigiigigigig nnnn t l n i i a i a ox l l l l l i i i S l i i a t l i i ai i a o l l i i n a x t l i ig iiiiiii MtMtMt GambiGambier Gambierer i a oooxxx S Sttttt l iiiiiii oooo igigiigigigig nnnnn i i i o li li li i gg a x i i n S i a l o n l o gg i t i i o a i o a o g n i o i x S i a t l bb MtMt GambierGambier ai a ooxxx S Stttttt li bb oooo iiiiiii nnnn b x li li i b b i S l bb n b i a a t i b i a i a x S l li b i i n i ia i a x li i i i n S l bbbbbb MtMt GambierGambier a x S Sttttt bbbbbb oooo iiiiiii n n l S i i l i iii i i t l l l l l i o b i l b o b i i b o l S o a l l o b i t i b i o b l S l i b a i bbbbbb MtMtMt Gambier GambierGambier l Sttttt bbbbbb oooorrrr aaa bb l l t il i l i bb bbb a i li l i li l t l li li l bb a bbbbbb MtMt GambierGambier i il i ttttt li i bbbbbb oooorrrr bbbbbb aaaa l t i a bbb li l i l i i i bbbb r a b i r a i t i r l r a l r bb t i t r b i i b r b l t b b a bbbbbb ttttttt MtMt GambierGambier i tt i bbbbbb ttttttt rrrr r bbbbbb aaaaa eeb ttttttt MtMt GambierGambierGambier l l l l l l l i i i i i i i eeb ttttttt rrr r bbbbbb aaaa eeeeee ttttttt l l l l l l l l i i i i i i i eeeeee ttttttt rrr r S SS bbbbbb ayaatttatttt eeeeeee ttttttt l l l l l l l l eeeeeee ttttttt S SS b yyyyttttttt iieieiieieieee ttttttt l l l l l l l l iieieiieieieee ttttttt S SS eeeeee yyyyttttttt i i v i i v v S e l e y iieieiieieiee l l l l l l vvvv iieiieieieiee SSS eeeeee yyyyyttttttt TTTT iiiieieieiee SSSS l l l l l l l TTTT vvvvvvv iiiieieieiee SSSS SSSttttttt iieieiieieiee yyyyyttttttt i vv t v t y l t i TTTT iiiiiii SSSS l l l l l l TTTT vvvv iiiiiii SSSS ttttttt iieieiieieiee yyyy TTTT iiiiiii S SSS l l l l l l l TTTT vvvvvvv iiiiiii S SSS TTT tttttt iieiieieieiee nnnSSSS S v S t nn v T v ttt i i S v S t TTTT LLLLLL S S S S TTTT vvv LLLLLL S S S S TTTT ttttttt iiiiiii nnnSSSS TTTTiiiiiii LLLLLLL S S S S TTTTiiiiiii vvvvvvv LLLLLLL S S S S TTTT ttttttt iiiiiii nnnnSSSS iiiimiiimm LLLLLLL iiiimiiimm vvvvvvv LLLLLLL TTTTiiiiiii LLLLLL nnnnn S S S S iiiimiimim LLLLLLL n iiiimiimim kkkkkkk LLLLLL n iiiimiiim LLLLLL annn kk im k im a iiiimiimim nnnn iiiimiimim kkkk nnnn iiiimiiimm LLLLLL aaa mmm nnnn mmm kkkkkkk nnnn iiiimiimim LLLLLL aaaa oooo nnnn oooo kkkkkkk nnnn iiiimiimim aaaaannnn n kk n m a n k m 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Battery Hill, Victoria Parade Battery Hill, Griffiths Street Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village Forecourt, Merri Street In 1984 the Battery underwent a major restoration and the site now The site now contains six pieces of artillery: • One 68 pdr smooth bore cannon on a wooden carriage and slide contains three pieces of artillery: • Two 80 pdr rifled muzzle-loading guns mounted on iron Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village Museum, Merri Street • 32 pdr smooth bore gun on a wooden carriage, not original to carriages and slides • Two 80 pdr rifled muzzle-loading guns on iron carriages and slides the Battery • One possibly 6 pdr smooth bore cannon on wooden carriage • 68 pdr smooth bore gun on a wooden carriage and wooden Battery Hill Reserve, Griffiths Street • One 1 pdr cast iron smooth bore grapeshot gun, disassembled slide, not original to the Battery • Two 32 pdr smooth bore guns mounted on wooden carriages • Two 9 pdr cast iron guns, possibly reproductions • 80 pdr rifled muzzle-loading gun original to the Battery • One 68 pdr smooth bore gun mounted on a wooden carriage • Four concrete gun emplacements, armoury and officers’ hut • One 68 pdr smooth bore gun mounted on a wooden carriage There is also a 68 pdr smooth bore cannon located outside Glenelg and slide Cannon Hill, Merri Street Shire Council Offices, Cliff Street, Portland. Sadly another cannon was stolen in 1999. • One World War 1 105 mm German howitzer trophy gun • One World War 1 150 mm German howitzer trophy gun • One World War 2 40 mm Bofors anti-aircraft disposal gun • One World War 2 3 inch disposal mortar

Warrnambool Botanic Gardens, Botanic Road • One 28 pdr converted to 32 pdr smooth bore gun on a wooden carriage and slide

Battery Hill Portland, relocated 68 pdr in reconstructed emplacement. Battery Hill Reserve Port Fairy, two relocated 32 pdr and one 68 pdr guns. Flagstaff Hill Warrnambool, 1880s original 80 pdr guns and battery.

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Warrnambool Botanic Gardens, Botanic Road • One 28 pdr converted to 32 pdr smooth bore gun on a wooden carriage and slide

These maps contain Vicmap information © The State of Victoria, Department of Sustainability and Environment, 2008. This material may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees, along with Warrnambool City, Moyne and Glenelg Shires and their employees, do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or consequences which may arise from your relying on any information contained in this material. Evolution of smooth bore gun technology Introduction The City of Warrnambool and the Shires of Moyne and Glenelg are proud custodians of a collection of artillery pieces of heritage significance Guns & Cannon at a state, national and international level. These pieces are directly related to the defence of south-west Victoria in the 19th century or are 20th century trophy and disposal guns. along Victoria’s

Australian Military History Publications Loftus NSW, 1998,. Warrnambool, Port Fairy and Portland

photo courtesy of Port Fairy Historical Society Society Historical Fairy Port of courtesy photo Society Historical Portland of courtesy photo

Battery Hill Port Fairy Fairy Port Hill Battery Portland Hill Battery

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mounted is barrel which on trolley wheeled – Carriage Gun •

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Glossary

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photo courtesy of Warrnambool & District Historical Society Society Historical District & Warrnambool of courtesy photo

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