SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España

Kravchenko, V. D.; Speidel, W.; Witt, T.; Revay, E. E.; Mooser, J.; Ronkay, L.; Müller, G. C. An annotated checklist of the of with remarks on ecology, phenology and zoogeography. Part IV: (: ) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 43, núm. 171, septiembre, 2015, pp. 341-347 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología Madrid, España

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SHILAP Revta. lepid., 43 (171), septiembre 2015: 341-347 eISSN: 2340-4078 ISSN: 0300-5267

An annotated checklist of the Noctuoidea of Jordan with remarks on ecology, phenology and zoogeography. Part IV: Hadeninae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

V. D. Kravchenko, W. Speidel, T. Witt, E. E. Revay, J. Mooser, L. Ronkay & G. C. Müller

Abstract

A complete list of the presently known Hadeninae of Jordan is presented, and the biogeography, phenology and distribution of the same are discussed. Within a German - Israeli project to monitor the Lepidoptera Fauna of the Levant we record from 1986 to 2010 a total of 39 , ten of which (26%) are new records for the country. In Jordan four tribes of Hadeninae with 16 genera are found. Most of the recorded species belong to the Tribes (22) and Leucanini (12), all of the species are of a Palaearctic (13) distribution, Eremic (9), Mediterranean (8) and Irano-Turanian (7) distribution pattern. Most of the Hadeninae are clearly concentrated within one vegetation zone, while only three ubiquitous and polyphagous species are distributed countrywide. In Jordan 75% of the Eremic species known from the Levant are found, while the Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean elements of the same region are represented only by about half, or even less of the known species. Twenty-four species are uni- voltine with the highest rate of occurrence in spring from March to April; only 2 species are autumnal, the other species are multi-voltine, flying at least twice a year, in spring and again later in autumn. KEY WORDS: Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Hadeninae, biogeography, phenology, ecology, Jordan, Levant.

Una lista comentada de los Noctuoidea de Jordania con detalles sobre ecología, fenología y zoogeografía. Parte IV: Hadeninae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Resumen

Se presenta una lista completa de las especies actualmente conocidas de Hadeninae de Jordania y se discute la biogeografía, fenología y distribución de las mismas. Dentro del proyecto germano-israelí para el seguimiento de la fauna de Lepidoptera del Próximo Oriente, desde 1986 a 2010 registramos un total de 39 especies, diez (26 %) de las cuales son nuevas citas para el país. En Jordania se encuentran cuatro tribus de Hadeninae con 16 géneros. La mayoría de las especies registradas pertenecen a las tribus Hadenini (22) y Leucanini (12), todas las especies presentan un patrón de distribución paleártico (13), erémico (9), mediterráneo (8) e irano-turanico (7). La mayoría de los Hadeninae están claramente concentrados dentro de una zona de vegetación, mientras que solamente tres especies ubicuas y polífagas, están distribuidas en todo el país. En Jordania se encuentra el 75 % de las especies erémicas del Próximo Oriente, mientras que los elementos irano-turanicos y elementos mediterráneos de la misma región, están representados aproximadamente, sólo por la mitad, o incluso menos, de las especies conocidas. Veinticuatro especies son univoltinas con el ratio más alto de presencia en primavera de marzo a abril; sólo 2 especies son otoñales, las otras especies son multivoltinas, volando por lo menos dos veces al año, en primavera y otra vez después en el otoño.

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V. D. KRAVCHENKO, W. SPEIDEL, T. WITT, E. E. REVAY, J. MOOSER, L. RONKAY & G. C. MÜLLER

PALABRAS CLAVE: Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Hadeninae, biogeografía, fenología, ecología, Jordania, Oriente Próximo.

Introduction

Within the German-Israeli project for the study of the Middle Eastern Lepidoptera fauna we collected in Jordan for more than 20 years (1998-2010) regularly Lepidoptera. This project was and is a joint effort of the Hebrew University and Tel Aviv University in and the Zoologische Staatssammlungen and Museum Witt, München in Germany (MÜLLER, et al., 2006; KRAVCHENKO et al., 2007a; KRAVCHENKO et al., 2007b). Previous publications from HACKER et al. (HACKER & SCHREIER, 2001; HACKER, 2001; HACKER et al, 2001) are widely based on material collected within the first ten years of this project The last ten years we intensified our efforts and also other groups of entomologists started to explore the fauna of Jordan (FABIANO & ZILLI, 2001; STADIE & LEHMANN, 2012; KATBEH-BADER, 2013). Until today 224 species belonging to the six subfamilies Erebinae, Cuculliinae, Oncocnemidinae, , Xyleninae and Hadeninae, are known from Jordan. At the end of the German-Israeli project the list of recorded species from theses subfamilies increased to 302 (including 39 Hadeninae). These six subfamilies will be published in a series of five papers and comprise about 80% of the Jordanian Noctuid fauna (KRAVCHENKO et al., 2007a; KRAVCHENKO et al., 2007b). The other subfamilies and groups will be combined at a later point in a sixth paper. The Hadeninae are a large, probably paraphyletic, subfamily characterized by hairy compound eyes of the adults, with more than 2400 species worldwide (SPEIDEL et al., 1996). In this paper we follow the tribal systematic published by FIBIGER & LAFONTAINE (2005). Method of collecting, climate, relief and phyto-geographic regions of Jordan were discussed in detail in our manuscript published earlier (KRAVCHENKO et al., 2014). Therefore, here we show only a map of vegetation areas and a topographic map.

A B

I: Mediterranean zone Ia: Maquis/pine forests Ib: Scattered trees, acrub/bushes Altitudes (m) II: Irano-Turanian zone < 0 IIa: rich, tall grassland 0 - 400 IIb: arid brush/dwarf bush III: Saharo-Arabian zone 400 - 800 Desert vegetation > 800 IV: Sudanian penetration zone Desert vegetation Depression of Rift Valley 0 40 80.Km

Fig. 1.- A. vegetation and bioclimatic areas of Jordan. Modified after KOSSWING (1955), LONG (1957), KÜRSCHNER (2000), AI-EISAWI (1996) and (NCSA. 2006). The numbering I - IV of the vegetation zones corresponds to following annotated checklist. B. Topographic map of Jordan.

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Results and discussion

In Jordan 39 species of Hadeninae are presently known. About one quarter of these species (10/39) are recorded for this country for the first time, although none of these species is new to the Levant. The recorded species represent 4 tribes with 16 genera; most of the species belong to the Tribes Hadenini (22) and Leucanini (12). The majority of species are Palearctic (13), Eremic (9) Mediterranean (8) and Irano-Turanian (7) elements, only two species are of tropical origin. Most Jordanian Hadeninae inhabit only one or two vegetation units (Figs. 1-2). The Palearctic species in Jordan are restricted to the maquis, natural pine forests and open dominated park forests found on the hills of northern Jordan and along the northern part of the western Mountain Range. Typical species here are cruda, ferrago, perplexa, H. compta, H. bicolorata oleracea and Myhtimna l-album. Some Mediterranean and the Irano-Turanian species like Hadena sancta, Mythimna alopecuri, M. sicula, M. riparia, putrescens penetrate from the Mediterranean zonethe adjunct arid grassland and dwarf bush communities. Common species of Irano-Turanian zone are Hadena silenides, H. syriaca, Hectatera weissi and Enterpia laudeti. Typical desert species are Polytela cliens, Hadena avempaci, Odontelia daphnadeparisae and Targelia gigantea, while affinis, C. sociabilis and dysodea are restricted to oases. Only the three ubiquitous and poyphagous species Mythimna unipuncta, and trifolii occur in all four vegetation zones.

16

14

12

10 Palearctic 8 Tropical

6 Mediterranean Irano-Turanian Number of species 4 Eremic 2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Number of areas

Fig. 2.- Frequency distribution of the Jordanian Hadeninae species in correlation to the number of occupied vegetation zones

The 39 species presented in this paper compose 59.1% (39/66) of the total known Hadeninae fauna of the Levant and, regarding Eremic elements the differences are even smaller, with only three species that were not found in Jordan. (Fig. 3). Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian, Tropical and Palaearctic species are represented in Jordan by only about half (46.7% - 65%) of the Levantine fauna.

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V. D. KRAVCHENKO, W. SPEIDEL, T. WITT, E. E. REVAY, J. MOOSER, L. RONKAY & G. C. MÜLLER

100%

80% Species absent in 60% Jordan

40% Species 20% found in Jordan 0%

Eremic Tropical Parlearctic Irano-Turanian Mediterranean

Fig. 3.- Fauna of the Levant, general distribution patterns and representatives of Hadeninae in Jordan.

Table 2.– Phenology of the Jordanian Hadeninae. Number of species flying per month.

Month Uni-voltine Multi-voltine January February 13 March 10 April 16 18 May 12 17 June 11 July August September 11 October 14 November 12 19 December 11

Apart from specific habitat preferences, most Hadeninae also display distinct seasonal flight patterns (Table 2). Twenty-four species are uni-voltine with the highest rate of occurrence in March. The two uni-voltine autumnal species Dicerogastra chersotoides and are found from October to November. The other species are multi-voltine, flying at least twice a year, predominantly in spring from March to April, and again in autumn from October to November.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

AL-EISAWI, 1996.– Vegetation of Jordan: 284 pp. UNESCO (ROSTAS), Cairo. FABIANO, F. & ZILLI. A., 1998.– Lepidoptera Rhopalocera of the Hisma basin (southern Jordan).– Linneana Belgica, 16: 307-322.

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HACKER, H. H., 2001.– Fauna of the Nolidae and Noctuidae of the Levante with descriptions and taxonomic notes.– Esperiana, 8: 7-315. HACKER, H. H., KRAVCHENKO, V. & YAROM, I., 2001.– List of Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) collected in Arava (Israel) with faunistical and ecological comments.– Esperiana, 8: 515-534. HACKER, H. H. & SCHREIER, H. P., 2001.– List of Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) collected from 1987 to 1999 in Israel and Jordan.– Esperiana, 8: 423-484. KATBEH-BADER, A., 2013.– Contribution to the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) of Jordan. Abstract on XVIII European Congress of Lepidopterology, July 29. - August 04.2013, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria. Available from http://www.ecl18.eu/prof-ahmad-katbeh-contribution-noctuidae-lepidoptera-jordan (accessed 20 May 2014). KOSSWING, C., 1955.– Zoogeography of the Near East.– Systematic Zoology, 4: 49-73. KRAVCHENKO, V. D., FIBIGER, M., HAUSMANN, A. & MÜLLER, G. C., 2007a.– The Lepidoptera of Israel, Erebidae, 1: 168 pp. Pensoft Series Faunistica 62, Sofia. KRAVCHENKO, V. D., FIBIGER, M., HAUSMANN, A. & MÜLLER, G. C., 2007b.– The Lepidoptera of Israel, Noctuidae, 2: 400 pp. Pensoft Series Faunistica 63, Sofia. KRAVCHENKO, V. D., MOOSER, J., SPEIDEL, W., REVAY, E. E., WITT, T. & MÜLLER, G. C., 2014.– An annotated checklist of the Noctuoidea of Jordan with remarks on ecology, phenology and zoogeography. Part I: Erebidae & Euteliidae (Lepidopera: Noctuidae).– SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología, 43(169): 5-14. KÜRSCHNER, H., 1986.– A physiognomical-ecological classification of the vegetation of southern Jordan: 45-80. In H. KÜRSCHNER (editor). Contributions to the vegetation of Southwest : 221 pp. Reichert, Wiesbaden. LONG, G., 1957.– Bioclimatology and Vegetation of Eastern Jordan. Working paper for FAO, FAO/57/2/1109. MÜLLER, G. C., KRAVCHENKO, V. D., CHIKATUNOV, V., ORTAL, R., ORLOVA, O., CHUANG, L., WITT, T., SPEIDEL, W., MOOSER, J. & HAUSMANN, A., 2006.– General aspects of the Israeli Light-trap Network concerning Coleoptera.– Esperiana, 12: 283-289. NCSA, 2006.– An Environmental Profile of Jordan. I. National Capacity Self Assessment for Global Environmental: 164 pp. Management (NCSA), Jordan. SPEIDEL, W., FÄNGER, H. & NAUMANN, C. M., 1996.– The phylogeny of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera).– Systematic Entomology, 21: 219-251. STADIE, D. & LEHMANN, L., 2012.– On the winter and spring aspect of the Macrolepidoptera fauna of Jordan with remarks on the biology of some species (Lepidoptera: Tineoidea, Cossoidea, Bombicoidea, Papilionoidea, Geometroidea, Noctuoidea).– Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 102: 65-93.

*V. D. K. W. S. Department of Zoology Museum Witt Tel Aviv University Tengstrasse, 33 Tel Aviv D-80796 Munich ISRAEL / ISRAEL ALEMANIA / GERMANY E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]

T. W. E. E. R. Museum Witt Department of Human Biology Tengstrasse, 33 Faculty of Natural Sciences D-80796 Munich Haifa University ALEMANIA / GERMANY Haifa E-mail: [email protected] ISRAEL / ISRAEL E-mail: [email protected]

J. M. L. R. Seilerbrücklstrasse, 23 Department of Zoology D-85354 Freising Hungarian Natural History Museum ALEMANIA / GERMANY Budapest E-mail: [email protected] HUNGRÍA / HUNGARY E-mail: [email protected]

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V. D. KRAVCHENKO, W. SPEIDEL, T. WITT, E. E. REVAY, J. MOOSER, L. RONKAY & G. C. MÜLLER

G. C. M. Department of Parasitology Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases Hadassah-Medical School The Hebrew University Jerusalem ISRAEL / ISRAEL E-mail: [email protected]

*Autor para la correspondencia / Corresponding author

(Recibido para publicación / Received for publication 28-V-2014) (Revisado y aceptado / Revised and accepted 31-VII-2014) (Publicado / Published 30-IX-2015)

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Table 1.– Annotated Check List of the Hadeninae and their distribution in the main vegetation zones of Jordan. Main vegetation Zones: I: Mediterranean Zone, Ia: Maquis /pine forests, Ib: Park forests, scattered trees, scrub/ bushes; II: Irano-Turanian Zone, IIa: rich, tall grassland, IIb: arid brush / dwarf bush communities; III: Saharo- Arabian Zone; IV: Sudanian Penetration Zone. Principal distribution of species: X; New records for Jordan: N.

Vegetation Zones SPECIES N Ia Ib IIa IIb III IV GLOTTULINI 01. Polytela cliens (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874) X HADENINI 02. (Christoph, 1887) N X X X 03. Anarta trifolii (Hufnagel, 1766) XXXXXX 04. Anarta sabulorum (Alphéraky, 1882) X X 05. Cardepia affinis Rothschild, 1913 X X 06. Cardepia sociabilis (Graslin, 1850) N X X X 07. Dicerogastra chersotoides (Wiltshire, 1956) XXXX 08. Enterpia laudeti (Boisduval, 1840) X 09. Hadena avempacei (Tams, 1925) X 10. ([Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775]) X 11. ([Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775]) X X 12. Hadena pumila (Staudinger, 1879) X 13. Hadena sancta (Staudinger, 1859) X X 14. Hadena silenides (Staudinger, 1895) X X X 15. Hadena syriaca (Osthelder, 1933) X X 16. Hecatera bicolorata (Hufnagel, 1766) N X X 17. (Hübner, [1809]) X X 18. ([Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775]) X X 19. Hecatera weissi (Boursin, 1952) X X 20. Lacanobia oleracea (Linnaeus, 1758) X 21. Lacanobia softa (Staudinger, 1898) X X 22. Odontelia daphnadeparisae Kravchenko, Ronkay, NX Speidel, Mooser & Müller, 2007 23. gigantea Rebel, 1909 N X LEUCANIINI 24. Acantholeucania loreyi (Duponchel, 1827) XXXXXX 25. Leucania herrichii Herrich-Schäffer, 1849 X 26. Leucania palaestinae Staudinger, 1897 X 27. Leucania putrescens (Hübner, [1824]) X X X 28. (Rambur, 1829) N X X 29. Mythimna ferrago (Fabricius, 1787) N X 30. Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth, 1809) XXXXXX 31. Mythimna alopecuri (Boisduval, 1840) X X X 32. Mythimna sicula (Treitschke, 1835) N X X X 33. (Hübner, [1817]) N X X 34. Mythimna l-album (Linnaeus, 1767) N X X 35. Mythimna languida (Walker, 1858) X X X 36. tibori Hreblay, 1994 X 37. ([Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775]) X 38. Orthosia cypriaca Hacker, 1996 X 39. mundoides (Boursin, 1940) X

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