Baltic Fort Route Baltic Culture and Tourism Route Fortresses NEWSLETTER 1 January 2006

INTERREG-III-B-project for trans-national cooperation to develop a high quality cultural route and to rescue as cultural heritage

From June 4th to Project ”Baltic Fort Route” being 7th, 2005, constituted 25 applicants Kick-off meeting in Slubice from five coun- The trans-national cooperation to develop tries constituted a cultural Baltic Fort Route started with a the Baltic Fort kick-off meeting at a place that has a high Route project. symbolic meaning for the European inte- They created gration: the Collegium Polonicum of the four work pa- European University Viadrina Frankfurt/ ckages, elected in Slubice/. the steering committee and the four work package managers and discussed the challenging work program.

Dr. Andrzej Kunt, Mayor of the City Kostrzyn nad Odrą Common creation of the new CONTENT attractive Culture Route Dr. Andrzej Kunt, mayor of the City The Focus of the project is a joint Kostrzyn nad Odrą, ascertained in his development of a new cultural route opening presentation that this project ”Baltic Culture and Tourism Route Fort- stands for high-quality European forts resses” as a model for fortress tourism cooperation. Thanks to the sponsoring PROJECT STRATEGY in the Region and in Europe. by the European Union, the basis to AND PARTNERSHIP 2 promote the tourist infrastructure and The project will promote trans-natio- the refurbishment of the European he- SYSTEM AND SYNERGY nal cooperation to create a new quality ritage ”Fort” can be established. Thus, OF WORK PACKAGES 3 tourist product. It will introduce a new the tourist potential to develop a new level of marketing and mobilize econo- interesting market segment, the cul- mic efforts for fortresses by increasing tural fort route, increases. The city CULTURAL HERITAGE the intensity of travel and the number Kostrzyn nad Odrą is one of the first BALTIC FORTRESSES 4-5 of people visiting the monuments. project partners of the new EU mem- ber countries that takes over Lead THE ”BRAIN-POOL” – partner functions. new quality of trans-national scientific cooperation European dimensions and scien- and creation of institutions 6 tific contributions to the project In previous times the Fortresses se- parated European regions; today they START ACTIVITIES 2005 7-8 are bridges between them. The intention of the local authorities is a trans-national political, economic and scientific cooperation looking at the transformation and inclusion of Description of the project and WWW.BFR.PL the work program by Hartmut Röder, historical fortresses into the modern project promoter and Chief-coordinator European society.

Part-financed BFR Newsletter No 1, January 2006 by the EU 2 PROJECT STRATEGY AND PARTNERSHIP

Europe needs an innovative trans-na- Aims of trans-national tional cooperation between ”fortress cooperation: communities” (”Fort-Pool”) and diffe- rent scientific institutes/universities ▪ Monument protection and (”Brain-Pool”). Fortresses need ex- preservation of the military ceptional scientific competence and architecture consultations. Therefore a European Initiative is started. ▪ Transformation of military architecture objects and complexes into modern utilization complying Know-how transference and scienti- with monument protection fic consultation centers will be esta- blished. Best practices in utilization The project is coordinated by ▪ Development of fortresses into of monuments will be collected and Agnieszka Żurawska-Tatała attractive centers of culture, art, published. Fortress development and (Lead Partner, right), leisure, tourism and nature and the network will strengthen the balance Hartmut Röder inclusion in the social and between regions, particularly between (Chief-coordinator, middle), economic development of regions Western Europe and Eastern / Sou- Dr. Hans-Rudolf Neumann theastern Europe. (Scientific coordinator, left).

Partner City of Kaunas in the sessionConstitutional meeting Visit to Fortress Gorgast, of the Steering Committee German Part of former Fortress Küstrin at the Polish-German border

FORT-POOL BRAIN-POOL

Kostrzyn nad Odrą – Fortress Kołobrzeg – Fortress Kołobrzeg Świnoujście – Fortress Świnoujście European University – Viadrina Frankfurt / Oder Kostrzyn Municipality of Kołobrzeg Municipality of City Swinoujscie Europa Universität Viadrina Frankfurt / Oder Municipality of Kostrzyn nad Odrą Urząd Miasta w Kołobrzegu Urząd Miasta Świnoujście R.S. Dornbusch, M.A. Urząd Miasta Kostrzyn nad Odrą www.kolobrzeg.pl www.swinoujscie.pl www.ziw.euv-frankfurt-o.de/sek/ www.kostrzyn.pl

Dömitz – Fortress Dömitz Gdańsk – Fort Grodzisko Kaunas – Fortress Kaunas Humboldt-University at Berlin Culture Park of City Fortifi cations, Municipality of City Kaunas Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Municipality of Dömitz Fortress Gdańsk Kauno Miesto Savivaldybės Admini- PD Dr. habil. F. Riesbeck Stadt Dömitz über Amt Dömitz-Malliß Park Kulturowy Fortyfi kacji Miejskich stracija www.agrar.hu-berlin.de www.doemitz.de ”Twierdza Gdańsk” www.kaunas.lt www.grodzisko.pl

Berlin – Spandau Gdańsk – Fortress Vistulamouth Kaliningrad – Fortress Kaliningrad Immanuel Kant State University of Russia Department Spandau of Berlin Historical Museum of Gdańsk Kaliningrad Oblast Administration Dr. E. Kropinova Bezirk Spandau von Berlin Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Gdańska www.gov.kaliningrad.ru www.albertina.ru www.zitadelle-spandau.de www.mhmg.gda.pl www.albertina.ru

Berlin – Fort Hahneberg Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki – Peitz – Fortress Peitz Vytautas Magnus University of Kaunas Department Spandau of Berlin Fortress Modlin Association Museum of City Peitz Universitas Vytauti Magni Bezirk Spandau von Berlin Municipality of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki Förderverein für die Museen Dr. V. Rakutis www.zitadelle-spandau.de Urząd Miejski Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki der Stadt Peitz e.V. www.vdu.lt www.nowydwormaz.pl www.museumsverein-peitz.de

Gorgast – Fort Gorgast Giżycko – Fortress Boyen Kaunas University of Technology, Association ”Fort Gorgast” Municipality of Giżycko Institute of Architecture and Construction Verein ”Fort Gorgast” e.V. Urząd Miejski w Giżycku Kauno Technologijos Universiteto www.fort-gorgast.de www.gizycko.pl Architekturos Ir Satybos Institutas Ass. Prof. Dr. K. Zaleckis www.asi.lt

BFR Newsletter No 1, January 2006 3 SYSTEM AND SYNERGY OF WORK PACKAGES

Work package 1 (WP 1) Support for documentation, inventorisation and data collection on Baltic to record and protect the cultural heritage and prepare for cultural and tourist utilisation

For the first time in Europe, 4 universities are embarking on trans-national scientific cooperation on Baltic fortifications: ▪ European University – Viadrina Frankfurt/Oder ▪ Humboldt University, Berlin ▪ Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas ▪ Kaunas University of Technology

Together they will develop ▪ a central database ”Trans-national Information System” for fortifi cations (TIS) ▪ a special institution for scientific research into fortresses and a Trans-national Documentation and Inventory Centre on Fortresses (TDICF), to be situated at the Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania

Work package 2 (WP 2) Development of trans-national cooperation on restoration for future civil, monument-compatible utilization and culture and tourism for Baltic Fortresses

The aim is ▪ to promote restoration, reconstruction, monument protection and knowledge transfer and best practices ▪ to improve scientific support, including the formation of a special consultation centre for fortress development at Kaunas University of Technology, Institute of Architecture and Construction and of nature management at the Humboldt-University, Berlin ▪ trans-national cooperation to protect and develop nature associated with fortresses as attractive parks and gardens

Work package 3 (WP 3) A compatible heritage development and economic utilization of fortresses and the formation of management organizations for quality tourist facilities

The project will improve the attractions of cultural and tourist facilities at fortifications. It will assist with the conversion of military buildings into civic centres of culture, art, leisure and events, helping to foster trans-national exchange of experiences, especially in the management of fortifications. The results will be published in ”Best Practices for Management Organization of Fortresses”.

Work package 4 (WP 4) Joint development of a new cultural route “Baltic Fortress Culture and Tourism Route” as a model for fortress tourism in the Baltic Sea Region

The project will promote trans-national cooperation to create a new quality tou- rist product. It will introduce new quality of marketing and mobilize economic efforts for fortresses by increasing the intensity of travel and the numbers of persons visiting monuments. The concept of effective strategic marketing will focus on broadening the net- work and the tourism route throughout Europe.

BFR Newsletter No 1, January 2006 4 CULTURAL HERITAGE BALTIC FORTRESSES

The Dömitz Fortress The Świnoujście Fortress The Kaunas Fortress

To the order of the Duke Johann Alb- The construction of fortifications at The fortress is located at the conflu- recht of Mecklenburg the Castle Dömitz the mouth of Świna River started in ence of the Nemunas and Neris rivers. was built from 1559 until 1565 on the the Middle Ages and continued prac- Because of its strategic location Kau- ruins of an early Middle Ages fortress. tically without a break right up to the nas was chosen as a place for different With a basis of a regular pentagon, present day. This is due to the geogra- fortifications since the middle ages. the castle is a military construction in phical location of Świnoujście and its Here the first class major fortress of the style of Italian castles. Purpose significance for trade, maritime eco- was constructed and and task of this castle was to secure nomy and defence. The construction permanently improved. It is a central the south-western border of Mecklen- of Świnoujście‘s forts started after the fortification, a ring of nine forts and burg and to control the crossings of first armed conflict with the Danes in ten batteries. Until today the fortress the River Elbe. 1849. survived a whole complex.

The Kaliningrad Fortress

On the north-western periphery of the city, close to the the road to Rauschen/ Svetlogorsk, one can find the Fort No. 5. Since the fort had been scene of heavy fighting during the siege of Königsberg, it is now preserved as an Foto: Tomasz Kulik open-air War Memorial. Foto: Barbara Zajaczkiewicz The Boyen Fortress The Kołobrzeg Fortress The Vistulamouth Fortress

The Boyen Fortress was built between First modern defences in Kołobrzeg A unique fortification monument – the 1844 and 1856 and presents an excel- were built by occupying city soldiers of Wisłoujście Fortress – is located in lent example of Prussian fortification. Wallenstein‘s imperial army (30 XI 1627 – the close vicinity of the Westerplatte The Fortress obtained its name after 1 II 1631). Weak points of medieval peninsula. The name Wisłoujście (the the Prussian general, Hermann von walls and towers were fortifi ed with mouth of the ) dates back to Boyen, who as the first presented the earthwork defences of different sizes, the time when the Vistula had its estu- idea of building such military structure mostly small strongholds, from the out- ary north of the Wisłoujście Fortress. in the center of the Great Masurian side. Building earthwork defences had The site was an area of strategic im- Lakes region. been continued by the new occupants portance as it gave control over the – the Swedes (2 II 1631 – 15 VI 1653). ships moving into and out of Gdańsks harbor.

BFR Newsletter No 1, January 2006 5 CULTURAL HERITAGE BALTIC FORTRESSES Foto: Tomasz Kulik Foto: Tomasz The Kostrzyn Fortress The Peitz Fortress The Hahneberg Fort

The beginnings of the Kostrzyn Fort- In a sales document from the year Fort Hahneberg, a 19th century fortifi- ress are dated back to 1537 – 68. It 1301 Peitz was first mentioned as cation constructed to defend the cities was the will of Jan Hohenzollern that ”opidum et castum” (city and castle). of Berlin and Spandau, is located on the fortress was created in the form of Not least because of its border situ- the western edge of present-day Ber- terrestrial rampart. In the next stage ation to Saxonia and Böhmen Peitz lin. Used as barracks during the early the fortress‘s extension was realized experienced a frequent change of ow- 20th century, the fort fell into disrepair by two Italian builders – Francesco ners. By building the fortress in 1559 during the years of German division Chiaramella and Roch Guerrini -Linari. to 1562 the ”markgravely” possession because it was situated in a strip of After its completion in 1590 it was one should be protected in the long term. no man‘s land right by the Berlin Wall. of the greatest works of fortification Over the centuries this building was Nowadays the fort is home to several architecture of contemporary Europe. character-determining for the city. rare species of bats.

The Grodzisko Fort

The Grodzisko Fort is located in the very centre of Gdansk on Gradowa Hill (Hagelsberg), which is of more than 40 m height and dominates over the centre of Gdansk. The present shape of the fort origins from the general Foto: Andrzej Jackowski rebuilding made by Prussians in years 1866-1875.

The Gorgast Fort The Spandau Citadel The Modlin Fortress

The fort was built from 1883 to 1889. The Spandau Citadel is the oldest re- The old Modlin Fortress, founded by It appears as an old , due to maining structure in Berlin. The fort- in 1806 and expanded from the outwardly extending blockhouse ress was built in the 16th century, but 1811-1812, ranked among the biggest and the gatehouse, the actual ent- the main tower dates back to the 12th in Europe, is undoubtedly a great tou- rance to the entire building. The fort century. Built to protect the city of rist attraction of Nowy Dwór Mazowie- was constructed on flat farmland and Spandau, the Citadel has seen qui- cki. On the right bank of the Vistula encircled by a moat, which is 3-meter te a few different uses, including an river bastion fortifications and five deep and 42-meter wide. It is the best ammunitions factory during the Thirty crown cannons were constructed at preserved outer Fort of the Fortress Years‘War and a poison gas repository that time, which were later redevelo- Küstrin. during WWII. ped by the Russians into an outside ring of the fortress.

BFR Newsletter No 1, January 2006 6 THE ”BRAIN-POOL” – new quality of trans-national scientific cooperation and creation of institutions

Output and added value of cooperation between Competence of Scientific ”Fort-Pool” and ”Brain-Pool” partner - ”Brain-Pool” A special feature of the project ”Baltic Realization of 9 Pilot- and Demonstration Projects in 8 fortresses: Fort Route” is the intensive scientific Pilot- and demonstration projects should help to test new strategies and cooperation of main Universities. innovative procedures for fortress development, monument protection and tourism utilizations. At the same time they train the trans-national coopera- Humboldt-University at Berlin, tion between scientific institutions and fortresses. Dptm. Ecology of utilization Tasks of the Pilot- and Demonstration projects: of resources ▪ Effective procedures to inventory and documentation Competence fields: (Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, Kołobrzeg) Nature management, ▪ Redevelopment of casemates (Peitz) Nature development ▪ Development strategy and technology of redevelopment of fortress-portal (Dömitz) ▪ Nature-Management-Model ”Monument & Nature” (Kaliningrad) ▪ Nature-Management-Model ”Human & Nature” (Kaunas) ▪ Fortress of Baltic youth, culture, sports and leisure time (Kaunas), PD Dr. habil. F. Riesbeck ▪ Cross-border tourism product ”Fortress Küstrin/Kostrzyn”(Kostrzyn,Gorgast) Email: [email protected] ▪ Model of a cross-border management for fortress Kostrzyn (Kostrzyn, Gorgast) European University Viadrina ▪ Multimedia-presentation for Fort Gorgast (Gorgast) Frankfurt/Oder, Slubice, Faculty of Cultural Studies Establishment of three scientific competence, information and Competence fields: consultation centers in Universities European Cultural Heritage, Cultural Until the end of the project three scientifi c centers should be found in the uni- administration, versities as institutions for a competent scientifi c consulting and service for Eu- Utilizations and ropean fortresses in all questions of fortress development, especially invento- Management ry, redevelopment, monument protection, nature management and monument compatible utilization. As most important basis the brain-pool had to create the R. S. Dornbusch, M.A. fi rst universal data base ”Trans-national Information System” –TIS– to collect all Email: [email protected] relevant information about European Fortresses in the future. The scientific centers focus on: Vytautas Magnus University of Kaunas ▪ Trans-national Documentation and Inventory Center Fortresses –TDICF– at the Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas ▪ Trans-national Consultation Center Reconstruction Technology and Competence fields: Monument Protection of Baltic Fortresses –TCRMF– Inventory at the Technical University of Kaunas and Documentation, ▪ Trans-national Competence and Consultation Center for Nature Manage- History as asset ment in Baltic Monuments –TCNMF– at the Humboldt-University at Berlin

Dr. V. Rakutis Organizing Practical Courses of Students: Email: [email protected] Universities use the potential of young scientists to do research on the fort- Kaunas University of Technology, resses and develop solutions for monument protection, culture and tourism Institute for Architecture utilizations of the heritage fortresses. In the focus are for example: and Construction ▪ Development of special nature adventures and attractions as a tourist Competence fields: product on fortresses within the Baltic Fort Route and development Reconstruction, concepts for the redevelopment of nature Redevelopment, ▪ Innovative marketing instruments, effective presentations of fortresses Monument protection and trans-national route-management ▪ Analysis of the history and development of strategies and conceptions for culture and tourist utilization of the girdle fortress Kaunas as a contribution to the BFR Ass. Prof. Dr. K. Zaleckis ▪ Development of a traveling exhibition ”Fortresses of Baltic Fort Route” Email: [email protected]

BFR Newsletter No 1, January 2006 7 START ACTIVITIES 2005

WP 4-activity: WP 4-activity: There was a very interesting discus- Workshop ”Concept Tourist Meeting ”Development sion concerning quality standards of Product BFR” in Citadel Spandau of regional Fortress Routes” the future ”Baltic Fort Route” as well. First of all, quality is important for tou- The most important aim of the work On October 25th, project partners from rist services such as: information, pre- package 4 is the development of a tou- the German-Polish border area around sentations, flyers, information boards, rist product, a cultural route of Baltic Świnoujście, Kostrzyn and Gorgast met souvenirs, opening times a.s.o., but as fortresses. The first WP 4 work-shop on fort Dömitz for a regional meeting. well as in the tourist infrastructure, in took place on September 26th and 27th, The development and the market chan- organization and management of the 2005 in the Citadel Spandau. ces of short trips within the regions were fort side. Good accessibility, sufficient discussed. Mr. Scharnweber, Director of parking space, information centers, the fortress museum Dömitz talked about playgrounds as well as the offer of his experiences, which were later recon- competent guidance. fi rmed by the guests from the fortresses Magdeburg and Torgau. WP 2-activity: Workshop ”Nature and Monument” in Kołobrzeg The first WP 2 workshop took place th th Participants of the workshop on October 27 and 28 in Kołobrzeg. The work package manager, Dr. habil. Frank Riesbeck of the Humboldt-Uni- The participants discussed the tourist versity at Berlin explained the work potential of the forts. Topics included Round-tour through the museum goals up to the end of 2005. The two architecture, history and the quality of representatives from Peitz and Dömitz, surrounding nature. There are strong The most important result of the mee- Mr. Malcherowitz and Mr. Kersten, gave differences between the forts in the ting was the development of daily tours an inside to their planning for the pilot projects. While the citadel Spandau in the regional-section North Germany – and demonstration projects. and the fort Dömitz have highly de- East Poland of Baltic Fort Route. In Peitz, both casemates of the Malz- veloped, year-round tourist attrac- One of the most important tasks is the haus bastion have to be restored and tions and offers, the forts Kaunas and development of one to three day-trips utilized in a new way. The ”Trans-na- Kostrzyn nad Odrą are partly destro- in the part-region of BFR. There is a tional Information System (TIS)” will yed and not ready for tourism, yet. very big target group for short-trips. be developed to be the first European As a result from the workshops ”Main It was agreed upon that a daily program Data bank that will function as an elec- Routes” were defined: produced for the fortresses in Dömitz, tronic data saver of fort monuments. Spandau, Peitz, Kostrzyn/Gorgast as In the future all relevant information 1. Coast-Route along the coast fort- well as Magdeburg and Torgau is a fi rst about fort monuments will be kept and resses Świnoujście, Kołobrzeg, Gdańsk step to the development of the ”Baltic documented there. It is an instrument and Kaliningrad. Culture and Tourism Route Fortresses” for scientific and practical advisory for under the slogan ”A wonderful day in the fort’s management. 2. Continental-Route with the fort- my fortress, city and region”. Dr. Eremeev, partner from the Spatial resses Dömitz, Spandau, Gorgast, Planning Institute, Kaliningrad, pre- Peitz, Kostrzyn, Nowy Dwór Mazowie- sented the present stage of the forts cki, Giżycko, Kaunas, Riga. in Kaliningrad; there were intensive discussions about the frame and the 3. Fortress-City-Tour amount of future collaboration. A first Fortress-tourism and City-tourism can curriculum for scientific cooperation be connected effectively in the centers was presented for the thematic matter of Berlin, Gdańsk, Kaliningrad, Kaunas BFR between the Humboldt-University and Riga. in Berlin, the Vytautus-Magnus-Uni- versity in Kaunas and the Institute for Architecture and construction of the Exchange of experiences with tourist offers at the museum tour Technical University in Kaunas.

Strategy of tourist routes along Baltic Fortresses

Workshop in Citadel Spandau

BFR Newsletter No 1, January 2006 8 START ACTIVITIES 2005

2nd Network-Meeting in Kaunas: Thus, the project partners decided to Consultation in Luxembourg: invite all interested fortresses in the Presentation of first Fortress- Dr. Neumann led informational talks at Baltic Sea Region to expand the trans- Tours the European Culture-Route-Institute national cooperation. The second Network meeting took in Luxembourg. He informed about the place from November 27th to 30th, 2005 goals of the project Baltic Fort Rou- in the fortress city Kaunas. te. He also gained information for the development and design through the examples of European Culture Routes. They agreed upon intensive collabo- ration. One of the representatives of the institute will take part in the next network meeting.

Mr. Kulinich, Director Museum Kiev/Ukraine, Reallocation of the project Dr. Neumann, Sc. coordinator BFR Since six partners had not started Session in the City Hall of Kaunas their work for different reasons, the All four work packages had separate Lead partner and the coordinators WP-meetings during the network mee- The heights of the meeting were the developed a concept to reallocate the ting. They analyzed the state of the art single presentations of each fortress tasks onto the 19 active partners in for each work program, set new goals under the topic ”Wonderful days in the Project. The Humboldt-University and worked out new tasks for the next my fortress, city and region”. For the and the association Fort Gorgast took project period, the milestone 3. first time the partners presented their over large additional parts of the work Based on that every group worked out concepts for tourist ”day programs” in program. Therefore, the planned pro- and discussed tasks for inter- work- their fortress cities and in their whole grams can be continued and project package collaboration in the session. regions. goals can be fulfilled. The fortress city Świnoujście showed possibilities of fort tourism with the example of an ocean- and spa city. Giżycko developed a nature-excite- ment program at the Masurian lakes. Berlin-Spandau offers a year-round event program. Many partners proved that cultural and tourist attractions can be offered in fort monuments: Dr. Eremeev talked about the efforts CONTACT: that Kaliningrad puts into the restora- WP 3-Meeting in Kaunas tion of historically important fortified City of Kostrzyn nad Odrą, sides, such as the Kings gate. Lead Partner Mrs. Agnieszka Żurawska-Tatała WP 3-Meeting Phone: +48 (0)95 / 727-81-24 Visit of Fort No V of Fortress Fax: +48 (0)95 / 727-81-93 Kaunas, location for a Pilot and [email protected] Demonstration project The network meeting was given a lot PROJECT COORDINATION: of attention by the local and national press. The Lithuanian TV showed a do- Hartmut Röder cumentation of the fortress and added Phone: +49 (0)30 / 92-37-21-0 the new interviews from the meeting [email protected] in Kaunas. Dr. Hans-Rudolf Neumann Phone: +49 (0)30 / 314-723-88 Fort ”Stein“, Kaliningrad [email protected]

PROJECT HOMEPAGE: The presentations of the fortress cities St. Petersburg and Kronstadt (Russia), www.bfr.pl Liepāja (Lithuania) and Kiev (Ukraine) that came as guests, were given spe- cial attention. They are very interested to become members in the Baltic Fort Route. Press- and TV-Interviews

BFR Newsletter No 1, January 2006