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Fungicides and Insecticides for Control of Rose Pests Paul F Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 1975 Fungicides and Insecticides for Control of Rose Pests Paul F. Webb Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in Botany at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Webb, Paul F., "Fungicides and Insecticides for Control of Rose Pests" (1975). Masters Theses. 3491. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/3491 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. -FUNGICIDES AND INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF ROSE PESTS (TITLE) BY PAUL F . WEBB THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL, EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CHARLESTON, ILLINOIS 1975 YEAR I HEREBY RECOMMEND THIS THESIS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE GRADUATE DEGREE CITED AJ30VE I PAPER CER TI FICA TE #2 TO: Graduate Degree Candidates who have written formal theses. SUBJECT: Permission to reproduce theses. The University Library is receiving a .' number of requests from other institutions a·sking permission to reproduce dissertations for inclusion in their library holdings. Although no copyright laws are involved, we feel that professional courtesy demands that permission be obtained from the author before we allow theses to be copied. Please sign one of the following statements: Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University has my permission to lend my thesis to a reputable college or university for the purpose of copying it for inclusion in that institution's library or research holdings. I respectfully request Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University not allow my thesis be reproduced because---------------- Date Author pdm 336403 Acknowledgments The author wishes to express appreciation to Mr. Donald Davis and Ortho Chemical Division of Chevron Chemical Company for the advice, chemicals, and monetary grant that made this research project p·ossible. The assistance and guidance of Drs. Grant Gray, Wesley Whiteside, and c. B. Arzeni were also greatly beneficial to the author. 111 Table of Contents Page Introduction .... •.• ........................................ 1 Literature Review • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 Roses • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 Controlling Diseases•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5 Diseases • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 6 Aphids•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12 Methods and Materials •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 15 Establishing the Plot••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 15 Scope of Research During 1970 ••••••••••••••••••••••• 17 Scope of 1971 Work•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 23 Discussion of Results ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21 Sunmary •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • •••••• • • • • • • • • 36 Literature Cited • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 38 iv List of Tables Table Page 1. Field Design ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••• 16 2. Phaltan Fungicide Field Map (1970) •••••••••••••••••• 18 3. Ornamental Fogger Trial (1970) •••••••••••••••••••••• 19 4. 3-Way Rose & Flower Care (1970) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 21 5. Products tested with recommended rates of application. 22 6. Schedule of Chemical Applications (1970) •••••••••••• 23 1. Insecticide Ma p ( 1971) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 24 a. Schedule of Chemical Applications (1971) •••••••••••• 25 9. Fungicide Map (1971) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 26 10. 3-Way Systemic Trial (1970) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 29 11. Fungicide Evaluation (1970) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 30 12. Fungicide Data (1971) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 31 13. Black Spot Control (1970) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 32 14. Ornamental Fogger Data (1970) •• Aphid control••••••• 32 15. Insecticide Treatment (1971) •••••••••••••••••••••••• 34 16. Insecticide Treatment ( 1971) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 35 V Iptroduction The author was requested by a representative of the Ortho Chemical Company to test various fungicides and insecti­ cides on hybrid tea roses. ' Roses are one of the mo~t time consumlng and most. diff­ icult ornamentals to manage due to several diseases and insects that attack t hem. Two of the first and foremost skills that the author had to acquire were the proper planting and the subse­ quent care of roses. The purpose of the research project was to compare the effectiveness of e xperimental products with presently available fungicides and insecticides . Before new chemicals can be mar­ keted much data must be collected to show the safety and value of those products. '!his research project served as a source of data for evaluating six experimental products as well as five products already marketed by the Ortho Chemical Company. 2 Literature Review Roses The value of roses in the world is immeasurable. Nearly every home owner who has ornamental plants grows some roses. Many prefer to have dozens of r ose plants arranged in beds for landscape attraction. Even city organizations use rose beds as tourist attractions and centers of beauty. According to Hemp (14) more than one million rose bushes are sold in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area each year. He ranks Illinois second among the fifty stat es in the sale of cut roses. · Although the attractiveness of roses makes them appealing, considerable care is needed to keep them healthy, productive, and beautiful. Before the roses become an asset to the surrounding property much planning and work must be put into the future site. Most soils have a suitable pR unless overmanuring or overfertilizing has occurred in prior years so there is rarely need for liming the s oil ( 10 ). Good drainage is essential. If the soil is poorly drained tiling might be necessary (21). Saturated soil pr events ·oxygen from reaching the roots and encourages the growth of various fungi in the soil. The rose bed should be prepared by deep tilling t o a depth of two to three feet as long as the subsoil is not mixed with the topsoil. Deep tilling a llows better percolation of n f .3 water away from the roots and allows placement of manure below the root zone. I ! ' Several pounds of manure should be buried one and one­ half to two feet below the roots. Dried cow manure is recommended fort he best results. 'lhis will encourage deep, healthy root growth. If manure is used it should be separated from the roots by four to eight inches of topsoil to prevent early root damage (21). When the rose bushes arrive they should be carefully unpacked. Any broken or dead roots should be trimmed with care. Ir the plants have been in shipment for several days it is also advisable to soak the roots in water for an hour or two before planting. It is important to properly place the bushes in the bed. The holes should be large enough to accomodate all the roots without crowding them together and deep enough to bury the union oft he bud and stalk with about one inch of dirt (27). The d !s­ tance between the holes will vary with the varieties of roses being planted. Some roses will require one and one-half to two feet between plants while others need two and one-half to three feet· for each plant. A small mound of dirt in the center of the hole should be made to support the stem and allow the roots to be spread out uniformly. Once the bush has been properly placed into the hole some topsoil should be firmly pressed around the roots by stepping lightly on the loose soil. Timely and proper pruning is a necessary part of rose care. It is usually desirable to cut back the canes to a length of four 4 to five inches when the bushes are planted. Trimming after the first bloom and once again at autumn stimulates the plants to bloom again and helps to keep down disease. The midseason pruning should be planned to keep the bushes pfoperly shaped and to ailow heavy canes to develop. Rockwell(21) suggests cutting the stem at a thirty degree angle with the high end of the cut about one fourth inch above a bud. If terminal blooms -are trimmed after they age, . the cut should be below the second or third leaf on that cane. At the end of the growing season dead stems and stem tips should be trinnned off. In extremely cold areas hilling up of dirt around the stems is necessary to prevent freeze damage to the stem and roots. This can also be done with a suitable mulch such as peat, leaves, or sawdust. In middle latitudes, no hilling is needed if the plants enter the winter season in a relatively healthy condition (21). As a result of hybridization modern roses need rich soil in order to be viable and productive. Fertilizing the rose plants is recommended at monthly intervals by Whiting (27). He suggests a handful of 5-10-5 analysis fertilizer around each bush once a month. Other authors recommend simply using dried manure as a mulch for best results (10, 21, 28). Another important phase of rose care is the control of grass and weeds. While weeds and grass do not offer a great amount of competition for nutrients and moisture. in a greenhouse, they must be controlled in open field conditions (6). Such control can be accomplished by hand weeding
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