Table SI. The primers of hub for reverse transcription‑​ quantitative PCR.

Gene Sequences (5'→3')

β‑actin F: CACCCAGCACAATGAAGATCAAGAT R: CCAGTTTTTAAATCCTGAGTCAAGC ICAM1 F: CCGTTGCCTAAAAAGGAGTTGC R: TGGCAGCGTAGGGTAAGGTTC SYK F: CTGGATGCTGGTTATGGAGATG R: CGCTTTTGCTGGAGAACTTGTAG CDK1 F: AAGGGTAGACACAAAACTACAGGTC R: ATGTACTGACCAGGAGGGATAGA OASL F: GTGGCTCCTATGGACGGAAA R: TTTTCTCTCCTGACACCCAGC OAS3 F: CAAGGGTGGCTGTGATTCTGA R: AGACTTGTGGCTTGGGTTTGA IL8 F: CAGTTTTGCCAAGGAGTGCTAA R: AAACTTCTCCACAACCCTCTGC CD44 F: TCCAACACCTCCCAGTATGACA R: CTTTCTGGACATAGCGGGTG CDH1 F: CCGGGACAACGTTTATTACTAT R: CATAGTCAAACACGAGCAGAGAAT IL6 F: GTAGTGAGGAACAAGCCAGAGC R: TACATTTGCCGAAGAGCCCT EGFR F: GCCAAGGCACGAGTAACAAGC R: GGGCAATGAGGACATAACCAGC Table SII. Top 5 enriched GO terms of the up‑regulated genes.

Category ID Term FDR count Genes

BP GO:0007179 Transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling 1.19E‑04 7 SMAD9, SMAD6, FERMT2, SMAD4, TGFBR3… pathway GO:0030509 BMP signalling pathway 0.004 5 SMAD9, SMAD6, SMAD4, TGFBR3, TOB1 GO:0001657 Ureteric bud development 0.003865493 4 FGFR1, SMAD9, SMAD6, SMAD2 GO:0030968 Endoplasmic reticulum unfolded response 0.006232395 4 SYVN1, CREB3L2, YOD1, EIF2AK3 GO:0060041 Retina development in camera‑type eye 0.012530971 4 TUB, LAMB2, LPCAT1, JMJD6 CC GO:0000786 8.97E‑04 6 HIST2H2AA3, HIST1H2BC, HIST1H2BD, HIST1H1C, HIST2H2BE, HIST1H3H GO:0048471 Perinuclear region of cytoplasm 0.001307351 14 S100A4, PLD1, EML1, PTPRM, CLU… GO:0071141 SMAD protein complex 0.001682833 3 SMAD9, SMAD4, SMAD2 GO:0000788 Nuclear nucleosome 0.005049371 4 HIST1H2BC, HIST1H2BD, HIST2H2BE, HIST1H3H GO:0005829 Cytosol 0.00528948 40 CDK19, FGFR1, ENAH, PDLIM5, FERMT2… MF GO:0046982 Protein heterodimerization activity 3.83E‑04 13 HIST2H2AA3, HIST1H2BC, HIST1H2BD, TAF9B, SMAD4… GO:0005515 Protein binding 0.001033583 90 S100A4, PPARA, ENAH, PDLIM5, FERMT2… GO:0070411 I‑SMAD binding 0.003378896 3 SMAD6, SMAD4, SMAD2 GO:0070410 Co‑SMAD binding 0.004033336 3 SMAD6, TGIF1, SMAD2 GO:0070412 R‑SMAD binding 0.012239971 3 SMAD6, SMAD4, SMAD2

GO, ; BP, biological process; MF, molecular function, CC, cellular component. P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. Table SIII. Top 5 enriched GO terms of the down‑regulated genes.

Category ID Term FDR Gene count Genes

BP GO:0060333 Interferon‑gamma‑mediated signalling pathway 4.16E‑05 9 ICAM1, TRIM38, OASL, NMI, CD44… GO:0051607 Defence response to virus 4.78E‑05 13 POLR3G, PLSCR1, IL6, OASL, TRIM34… GO:0060337 Type I interferon signalling pathway 1.53E‑04 8 EGR1, OASL, IRF6, OAS3, SAMHD1… GO:0070830 Bicellular tight junction assembly 2.54E‑04 6 OCLN, MARVELD2, MARVELD3, CLDN1, CRB3, MPP7 GO:0070301 Cellular response to hydrogen peroxide 5.60E‑04 7 CDK1, IL6, ETS1, EZH2, PDGFD… CC GO:0005923 Bicellular tight junction 7.82E‑07 13 CLDN7, OCLN, CRB3, MPP7, CLDN11… GO:0016328 Lateral plasma membrane 3.37E‑04 7 EPCAM, CLDN7, TACSTD2, ERBB3, CLDN1… GO:0005829 Cytosol 0.004082566 79 MOCOS, SH3RF1, VARS2, CHMP4C, EIF5… GO:0070062 Extracellular exosome 0.006084097 68 CHMP4C, LTBP2, FIGURENL1, PDLIM2, EPCAM… GO:0005615 Extracellular space 0.008780807 37 CSF2, LTBP2, CXCL5, ERBB3, EDN1… MF GO:0005515 Protein binding 1.33E‑04 195 MOCOS, RARRES3, LTBP2, EDN1, PDLIM2… GO:0016740 Transferase activity 0.001980457 8 MOCOS, SHMT1, SHMT2, OASL, NAGS… GO:0098641 Cadherin binding involved in cell‑cell adhesion 0.002901458 14 EGFR, MYO6, LAD1, RAN, CALD1… GO:0045236 CXCR chemokine receptor binding 0.011181319 3 CXCL5, CXCL2, CXCL6 GO:0042802 Identical protein binding 0.01168209 24 EGFR, SHMT1, CLDN7, UAP1, SHMT2…

GO, gene ontology; BP, biological process; MF, molecular function, CC, cellular component. P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. Table SIV. Results of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer (top 5).

Category ID Term Gene symbol FDR

Downregulated genes 5200 Pathways in cancer FGF7, CDH1, ETS1, MECOM, CBLC… 2.78E‑09 Downregulated genes 1100 Metabolic pathways PGK1, NAGS, PGAP1, PCK2, DPYD… 1.42E‑08 Upregulated genes 5160 Hepatitis C PPARA, EIF2AK3, CLDN11, CLDN1, OAS3… 2.00E‑06 Upregulated genes 5166 HTLV‑I infection CHEK1, ADCY9, CSF2, ITGB2, IL6… 3.51E‑06 Downregulated genes 4151 PI3K‑Akt signaling pathway EGFR, FGFR1, CDK6, GHR, SYK… 4.51E‑06

KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference.