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IN the SATIRES of JUVENAL Thesis THE PROTAGONISTS IN THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL F. M. A. Jones A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 1987 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15502 This item is protected by original copyright UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS FACULTY OF ARTS THE PROTAGONISTS ' IN THE SATIRES OF JUVENAL Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by F.M,A. Jones St Leonard’s College 1986 ProQuest Number: 10170844 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10170844 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 4 4 ABSTRACT The Protagonists in the Satires of Juvenal F M A Jones St Leonard’s College Submitted for the degree of PhD ■ . 1986 The persona theory has been applied to various branches of Latin poetry, but is incomplete without also considering both audience and, where relevant, addressee. By extension it may be seen that not only addressees, but also characters talked about mould the style of a speaker, and ancient rhetorical precept and practice confirm this. This study con­ cerns all the major characters in Juvenal’s satires who have such an effect on the author’s persona. In a literary work the background to such characters must somehow be given to the audience: in a play, by the context; in non-dramatic work, by the use of known characters or character- types made recognisable by, inter alia, the conventional or verbal associations of their names. This study therefore con­ tains a prior investigation into the ways in which Juvenal signals aspects of his theme or treatment by means of the names of such characters. I Frederick Malcolm Anthony Jones hereby certify that this thesis which is approximately 100,000 words in length (excluding footnotes) has been written by me, that it is the record of work carried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. 3rd June 1986 I was admitted as a research student under Ordinance no. 12 on 7 October 1979 and as a candidate for the degree of PhD on 20 June 1980; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 1979 and 1982. 3rd June 1986 I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate to the degree of PhD of the University of St Andrews and that he is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree. In submitting this thesis to the University of St Andrews I under­ stand that I am giving permission for it to be made available for use in accordance with the regulations of the University Library for the time being in force, subject to any copyright vested in the work not being affected thereby. I also understand that the title and abstract will be published, and that a copy of the work may be made and supplied to any bona fide library or research worker. 3rd June 1986 CONTENTS V o 1 u m e I . Abbreviations . Introduction 1 Chapter 1 The types of protagonist used by Juvenal 2 Nameplacinganddistribution 14 3 Names in Juvenal: The protagonists 24 4 . Satire 3 129 5 Satire 4 157 6 Satire 5 175 7 Satire 8 197 8 Satire 9 211 9 Satire 11 " 237 10 Satire 12 254 11 Satire 13 263 12 Conclusion . 284 Volume II Appendix: The addressees of Hor. Epp. 1 1 Notes • 4 Bibliography 121 Addenda 139 ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations for periodicals normally follow those used in L'Annee Philologique. Editions and commentaries are cited by author’s name or name and year, unless more detail was necessary. For other abbreviations see the following list:- Anderson-, Essays: V.S. Anderson, Essays on Roman Satire (Princeton, 1982) CIL: Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (Berlin,1863-) CHCL ii: E.J. Kenney and W.V. Clausen (Edd.), The Cambridge History of Classical literature ii (Cambridge, 1982) CLE: Carmina Latina Epigraphies, ed. F. Bucheler- E. Lommatzsch (Leipzig, 1895 - 1926) . Highet: G. Highet, Juvenal the Satirist (Oxford, 1954) Hofmann-Szantyr: J.B. Hofmann - A. Szantyr, Lateinische Syntax und Stilistik (Munich, 1965) —: Inscriptiones Graecae (Berlin, 1873-1939) Lafleur: . R.A. Lafleur, A pr osopographical- . ; • commentary on Juvenal Book 1 (Diss. Duke Univ. Durham N.C., 1973) DA 34 (1973) 745A - 746A ' Kajanto: I. Kajanto, The Latin cognomina (Helsinki, 1964) Morel: Fragments Poetarum Latinorum (Stuttgart,219 2 7 ) — H.: R.G.M. Nisbet and M. Hubbard, A commentary on Horace Odes Book 1 (Oxford, 1970), or / ... or Rook 2 (1978) OLD: Oxford Latin Dictionary Otto: A. Otto, Die Sprichworter und sprichwortlichen ^edensarten der Romer (Leipzig, 1890) P.IR: Prosopographia Imperii Romani (Berlin, 1897 - 1898) PIR2 : Prosopographia Imperii Romani (Berlin and Leipzig, a1933-) P.Oxy The Oxyrhynchus Papyri (London, 18 9 8 - ) Pyne: J. J. Pyne, A study of Juvenal's use of personal names (Tufts Univ. diss. 1979) . D.A. 40 (1979) 1449A RE: . Real-Encyclop&die der ltlassischen A1tertumswissenschaf t (Stuttgart, 1893-) Sullivan, Critical Essays: J.P, Sullivan (ed.), Critical essays on Roman literature: Satire (London, 1963) ThLL: Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (Leipzig, 1900-) ' - 1 - INTRODUCTION The use of the persona theory as a critical tool has been applied with very useful results to Juvenal’s satires/^ Ancient rhetorical precept has much to say on the related con­ cept ethos and a large amount of Roman literature can be elucidated with this perspective,' 7 Declamatory exercises pro vide a very important background, but more or less fictionalized first person literature is found in the archaic period. (3) What has received less emphasis in the secondary literature,at least as far as Juvenal is concerned, is clear in both rhetorial precept A and personal poetry: the idea that the character of an addressee • dictates or has a strong influence on the tone and presentation • (4) . of material. Quintilian has it in mind that an orator should consider to whom and before whom he is speaking, but there is another aspect of this ethos orientation which is of equal im­ portance here: the tone and the presentation of the material are elements which reveal the character of an addressee to an (5) audience. The audience of a fictitious or semi-fictitious work, an elegy, or an ode, satire (e.g. 2.1) or epistle of Horace for example, interprets the work as an utterance to (or about) someone, and in this process what is known of the addressee (or whatever) and the tone used are mutually enlightening. I intend in this dissertation to investigate those of Juvenal satires in which a conscious differentiation between the poet and persona is made clear by the relationship between the tone and an additional persona (or personae) such as an addressee. It will/ ... 2 will be' argued that in these satires Juvenal poses as one who, speaking to or about another persona, adapts his tone in the light of the other’s character, and that a consideration of the persona( e ) to whom the satires are addressed (or about whom the narration is) will elucidate what is said by the speaker and (therefore) what is meant by the author. I shall deal primarily with those satires where the personae other than the speaker are of sufficient importance to affect the whole of the satire in which they are found (this gives the advantage of allowing poems to be dealt with as coherent wholes), but it should also be noticed that similar devices are used by Juvenal on a smaller scale within individual satires. The range of relationships exhibited between such major personae (henceforth referred to as protagonists) is wide and in order to define the scope of the material it will be necessary to categorize the protagonists in a formal manner, as interlocutors addressees and so on (Chapter 1). Much must be learned about the protagonists from information given in the poems and ulti­ mately from the presentation of the material, butlhis can be supplemented or supported by such relatively objective con­ siderations as the placing and frequency of their names (Chapter 2) any social, historical or verbal significance these may have (Chapter 3 ) . This material because of its comparative objectivity forms the first part of the dissertation. It is followed by analyses of the functions of the protagonists in the satires where such figures are found: Sat. 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12 and 13. Although / . 3 Although there is relevant material in Sat. 7 a detailed analysis would have required a discussion of the structure too long to be included in the thesis. 4 CHAPTER 1 THE TYPES OF PROTAGONIST USED BY JUVENAL In terms of how they fit into the structures of Juvenal’s satires, it is sufficient to distinguish the speaker and three types of protagonist. The categorisation (including ■ speaker) will be as follows: (i speaker) , ' . ii addressees iii interlocutors • iv narrative protagonists i) Speaker The role of speaker is not uniform.
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