: Fracture and Unification Chapter 7: The , Han, Sui, and Tang Dynasties, 200 BCE-900CE

I. Qin Dynasty, 221-206 BCE (Pages 205-208) A. Qin (pronounced “Chin”) = 1 of Warring States period of c. 481-221 BCE 1. Conquered others, declared creation of 221 BCE B. Qin Shi Huandi (r. 221-210 BCE) = First Emperor 1. Built Great Wall of China 2. Enormous Tomb Complex C. Economic power of : goal – to increase productivity D. Centralization of administration 1. Standardization, bureaucratization

II. Ideologies of Empire (Pages 208-214) A. Confucius (551-479) 1. Moral Order 2. Emphasis on hierarchy, ritual arts 3. Ideal = the moral leader (“gentleman”), shaped by education B. Legalism 1. Strict laws and enforcement C. Daoism 1. Mystical philosophy 2. Emphasis on simplicity D. Legalist efforts to suppress Confucianism

III. Han Dynasty, 206 BCE-220 CE (Pages 215-222) A. Civil War accompanied fall of Qin Dynasty 1. Liu Bang established new dynasty B. Social/political hierarchy establish privileged scholars 1. Increasing centrality of Confucianism 2. Emperor Wu made knowledge of Confucianism important a. A basis for promotion in civil service b. Established as absolute in Tang Dynasty 3. How do we know? The Court Historians C. Militarism 1. Large scale expansion 2. Creation of tributary system D. Population shift from the north to the south E. Economic growth 1. Much state control F. Later Han Dynasty, 23-220 CE 1. Growing border threat 2. Oppression of peasants G. Fall of Han, 184 CE on 1. Yellow Turban Revolt 2. Court factions 3. Empire broken up among warlords

IV. Society and Culture (pages 222-224) A. North-South division on fall of the Han 1. Variety in ecological regions B. Tradition of unity remained 1. Disintegration period: arts flourished 2. Chinese language as unifying factor 3. North: ethnic mix with nomadic peoples a. Several nomadic groups conquered parts of the north C. Buddhism appeared in China fist century CE

V. Reunification: Sui, 581-618 CE and Tang Dynasty, 618-907 CE (pages 224-229) A. New Centralization B. Grand Canal-massive economic undertaking C. Art/technology advances: 1. Block printing 2. Porcelain 3. Poetry 4. Flourishing of Buddhism

VI. Imperial China (pages 229-234) A. Assimilation as major theme B. Great expansion into central Asia 1. Political control = short 2. Influence = long C. Vietnam 1. Annam = province for 1000 years 2. Adopted many Chinese customs 3. Periodic revolts against Chinese domination D. Korea 1. state of China 2. Deep cultural influence E. Japan 1. Waves of Korean and Chinese immigration 2. Cultural influence 3. Japanese emperor as figurehead a. Struggles for power 4. Shinto

VII. Legacies for the future (pages 234-237) A. Series of useful comparisons between the two