2019 Ocean Surface Topography Science Team Meeting Convene
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Development of the GEBCO World Bathymetry Grid (Beta Version)
USER GUIDE TO THE GEBCO ONE MINUTE GRID Contents 1. Introduction 2. Developers of regional grids 3. Gridding method 4. Assessing the quality of the grid 5. Limitations of the GEBCO One Minute Grid 6. Grid format 7. Terms of use Appendix A Review of the problems of generating a gridded data set from the GEBCO Digital Atlas contours Appendix B Version 2.0 of the GEBCO One Minute Grid (November 2008) Please note that the GEBCO One Minute Grid is made available as an historical data set. There is no intention to further develop or update this data set. For information on the latest versions of GEBCO’s global bathymetric data sets, please visit the GEBCO web site: www.gebco.net. Acknowledgements This document was originally prepared by Andrew Goodwillie (Formerly of Scripps Institution of Oceanography) in collaboration with other members of the informal Gridding Working Group of the GEBCO Sub-Committee on Digital Bathymetry (now called the Technical Sub-Committee on Ocean Mapping (TSCOM)). Originally released in 2003, this document has been updated to include information about version 2.0 of the GEBCO One Minute Grid, released in November 2008. Generation of the grid was co-ordinated by Michael Carron with major input provided by the gridding efforts of Bill Rankin and Lois Varnado at the US Naval 1 Oceanographic Office, Andrew Goodwillie and Peter Hunter. Significant regional contributions were also provided by Martin Jakobsson (University of Stockholm), Ron Macnab (Geological Survey of Canada (retired)), Hans-Werner Schenke (Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research), John Hall (Geological Survey of Israel (retired)) and Ian Wright (formerly of the New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research). -
Ocean Surface Topography Altimetry by Large Baseline Cross-Interferometry from Satellite Formation
remote sensing Article Ocean Surface Topography Altimetry by Large Baseline Cross-Interferometry from Satellite Formation Weiya Kong 1,2, Bo Liu 2,*, Xiaohong Sui 2, Running Zhang 3 and Jinping Sun 1 1 School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; [email protected] (W.K.); [email protected] (J.S.) 2 Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space and Technology, Beijing 100094, China; [email protected] 3 Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100094, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-010-6811-3401 Received: 21 September 2020; Accepted: 26 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: Imaging Radar Altimeter (IRA) is the current development tendency for ocean surface topography (OST) altimetry,which utilizes Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and interferometry to improve the spatial resolution of OST to several kilometers or even better. Meanwhile, centimetric altimetry accuracy should be guaranteed for applications such as geostrophic currents or marine gravity anomaly inversion. However, the baseline length of IRA which determines the altimetric sensitivity is confined by the satellite platform, in consideration of baseline vibration and payload capability. Therefore, the baseline length from a single satellite can extend to only tens of meters, making it difficult to achieve centimetric accuracy. Referring to the successful experience from TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X, satellite formation can easily extend the baseline length to hundreds or thousands of meters, depending on the helix orbit. Therefore, we propose the large baseline IRA (LB-IRA) from satellite formation for OST altimetry: the carrier frequency shift (CFS) is brought in to compensate for the severe baseline decorrelation, and the helix orbit is carefully selected to prevent severe time decorrelation from along-track baseline. -
A Metric for Quantifying El Niño Pattern Diversity with Implications for ENSO–Mean State Interaction
Climate Dynamics (2019) 52:7511–7523 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4194-3 A metric for quantifying El Niño pattern diversity with implications for ENSO–mean state interaction Danielle E. Lemmon1,2 · Kristopher B. Karnauskas1,2 Received: 7 September 2017 / Accepted: 26 March 2018 / Published online: 5 April 2018 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Recent research on the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon increasingly reveals the highly complex and diverse nature of ENSO variability. A method of quantifying ENSO spatial pattern uniqueness and diversity is presented, which enables (1) formally distinguishing between unique and “canonical” El Niño events, (2) testing whether historical model simulations aptly capture ENSO diversity by comparing with instrumental observations, (3) projecting future ENSO diversity using future model simulations, (4) understanding the dynamics that give rise to ENSO diversity, and (5) analyzing the associated diversity of ENSO-related atmospheric teleconnection patterns. Here we develop a framework for measur- ing El Niño spatial SST pattern uniqueness and diversity for a given set of El Niño events using two indices, the El Niño Pattern Uniqueness (EPU) index and El Niño Pattern Diversity (EPD) index, respectively. By applying this framework to instrumental records, we independently confirm a recent regime shift in El Niño pattern diversity with an increase in unique El Niño event sea surface temperature patterns. However, the same regime shift is not observed in historical CMIP5 model simulations; moreover, a comparison between historical and future CMIP5 model scenarios shows no robust change in future ENSO diversity. Finally, we support recent work that asserts a link between the background cooling of the eastern tropical Pacific and changes in ENSO diversity. -
Mapping Bathymetry
Doctoral thesis in Marine Geoscience Meddelanden från Stockholms universitets institution för geologiska vetenskaper Nº 344 Mapping bathymetry From measurement to applications Benjamin Hell 2011 Department of Geological Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden A dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Natural Sciences Abstract Surface elevation is likely the most fundamental property of our planet. In contrast to land topography, bathymetry, its underwater equivalent, remains uncertain in many parts of the World ocean. Bathymetry is relevant for a wide range of research topics and for a variety of societal needs. Examples, where knowing the exact water depth or the morphology of the seafloor is vital include marine geology, physical oceanography, the propagation of tsunamis and documenting marine habitats. Decisions made at administrative level based on bathymetric data include safety of maritime navigation, spatial planning along the coast, environmental protection and the exploration of the marine resources. This thesis covers different aspects of ocean mapping from the collec- tion of echo sounding data to the application of Digital Bathymetric Models (DBMs) in Quaternary marine geology and physical oceano- graphy. Methods related to DBM compilation are developed, namely a flexible handling and storage solution for heterogeneous sounding data and a method for the interpolation of such data onto a regular lattice. The use of bathymetric data is analyzed in detail for the Baltic Sea. With the wide range of applications found, the needs of the users are varying. However, most applications would benefit from better depth data than what is presently available. Based on glaciogenic landforms found in the Arctic Ocean seafloor morphology, a possible scenario for Quaternary Arctic Ocean glaciation is developed. -
Tidal Hydrodynamic Response to Sea Level Rise and Coastal Geomorphology in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2015 Tidal hydrodynamic response to sea level rise and coastal geomorphology in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Davina Passeri University of Central Florida Part of the Civil Engineering Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Passeri, Davina, "Tidal hydrodynamic response to sea level rise and coastal geomorphology in the Northern Gulf of Mexico" (2015). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 1429. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/1429 TIDAL HYDRODYNAMIC RESPONSE TO SEA LEVEL RISE AND COASTAL GEOMORPHOLOGY IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO by DAVINA LISA PASSERI B.S. University of Notre Dame, 2010 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering in the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2015 Major Professor: Scott C. Hagen © 2015 Davina Lisa Passeri ii ABSTRACT Sea level rise (SLR) has the potential to affect coastal environments in a multitude of ways, including submergence, increased flooding, and increased shoreline erosion. Low-lying coastal environments such as the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) are particularly vulnerable to the effects of SLR, which may have serious consequences for coastal communities as well as ecologically and economically significant estuaries. -
Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future
Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future As more and more states are incorporating projections of sea-level rise into coastal planning efforts, the states of California, Oregon, and Washington asked the National Research Council to project sea-level rise along their coasts for the years 2030, 2050, and 2100, taking into account the many factors that affect sea-level rise on a local scale. The projections show a sharp distinction at Cape Mendocino in northern California. South of that point, sea-level rise is expected to be very close to global projections; north of that point, sea-level rise is projected to be less than global projections because seismic strain is pushing the land upward. ny significant sea-level In compliance with a rise will pose enor- 2008 executive order, mous risks to the California state agencies have A been incorporating projec- valuable infrastructure, devel- opment, and wetlands that line tions of sea-level rise into much of the 1,600 mile shore- their coastal planning. This line of California, Oregon, and study provides the first Washington. For example, in comprehensive regional San Francisco Bay, two inter- projections of the changes in national airports, the ports of sea level expected in San Francisco and Oakland, a California, Oregon, and naval air station, freeways, Washington. housing developments, and sports stadiums have been Global Sea-Level Rise built on fill that raised the land Following a few thousand level only a few feet above the years of relative stability, highest tides. The San Francisco International Airport (center) global sea level has been Sea-level change is linked and surrounding areas will begin to flood with as rising since the late 19th or to changes in the Earth’s little as 40 cm (16 inches) of sea-level rise, a early 20th century, when climate. -
European Space Surveillance and Tracking
2ndEuropean EU SST Webinar: Space Operations in Space Surveillance and Tracking 16Surveillance November 2020 –and14h CETTracking The EU SST activities received funding from the European Union programmes, notably from the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements No 760459, No 785257, No 713630, No 713762 and No 634943, and the Copernicus and Galileo programme under grant agreements No 299/G/GRO/COPE/19/11109, No 237/GRO/COPE/16/8935 and No 203/G/GRO/COPE/15/7987. This Portal reflects only the SST Cooperation’s actions and the European Commission and the Research Executive Agency are not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. 2nd EU SST Webinar Operations in Space Surveillance and Tracking Speakers Pascal María Antonia Cristina Florian João FAUCHER (CNES) RAMOS (CDTI) PÉREZ (CDTI) DELMAS (CNES) ALVES (EU SatCen) Pier Luigi Lt. Moreno Juan Christophe Rodolphe RIGHETTI PERONI (IT MoD) ESCALANTE MORAND (EEAS) MUÑOZ (EUMETSAT) (EC – DG ECHO) (EC-DG DEFIS) 2nd EU SST Webinar: Operations in Space Surveillance and Tracking 16 November 2020 3 Agenda (1/2) 14h00-14h10: Welcome to the 2nd EU SST Webinar [Moderator: Mr Oliver Rajan (EU SatCen)] 14h10-14h50: SST Support Framework: Safeguarding European space infrastructure • Overview, governance model, security relevance and future perspectives [SST Cooperation Chair: Dr Pascal Faucher (CNES)] EU SST Architecture & Service Provision Model • Sensors network • Database and Catalogue precursor • Services [Chair of the SST Technical Committee: -
Ocean Basin Bathymetry & Plate Tectonics
13 September 2018 MAR 110 HW- 3: - OP & PT 1 Homework #3 Ocean Basin Bathymetry & Plate Tectonics 3-1. THE OCEAN BASIN The world’s oceans cover 72% of the Earth’s surface. The bathymetry (depth distribution) of the interconnected ocean basins has been sculpted by the process known as plate tectonics. For example, the bathymetric profile (or cross-section) of the North Atlantic Ocean basin in Figure 3- 1 has many features of a typical ocean basins which is bordered by a continental margin at the ocean’s edge. Starting at the coast, there is a slight deepening of the sea floor as we cross the continental shelf. At the shelf break, the sea floor plunges more steeply down the continental slope; which transitions into the less steep continental rise; which itself transitions into the relatively flat abyssal plain. The continental shelf is the seaward edge of the continent - extending from the beach to the shelf break, with typical depths ranging from 130 m to 200 m. The seafloor of the continental shelf is gently sloping with undulating surfaces - sometimes interrupted by hills and valleys (see Figure 3- 2). Sediments - derived from the weathering of the continental mountain rocks - are delivered by rivers to the continental shelf and beyond. Over wide continental shelves, the sea floor slopes are 1° to 2°, which is virtually flat. Over narrower continental shelves, the sea floor slopes are somewhat steeper. The continental slope connects the continental shelf to the deep ocean with typical depths of 2 to 3 km. While the bottom slope of a typical continental slope region appears steep in the 13 September 2018 MAR 110 HW- 3: - OP & PT 2 vertically-exaggerated valleys pictured (see Figure 3-2), they are typically quite gentle with modest angles of only 4° to 6°. -
Causes of Sea Level Rise
FACT SHEET Causes of Sea OUR COASTAL COMMUNITIES AT RISK Level Rise What the Science Tells Us HIGHLIGHTS From the rocky shoreline of Maine to the busy trading port of New Orleans, from Roughly a third of the nation’s population historic Golden Gate Park in San Francisco to the golden sands of Miami Beach, lives in coastal counties. Several million our coasts are an integral part of American life. Where the sea meets land sit some of our most densely populated cities, most popular tourist destinations, bountiful of those live at elevations that could be fisheries, unique natural landscapes, strategic military bases, financial centers, and flooded by rising seas this century, scientific beaches and boardwalks where memories are created. Yet many of these iconic projections show. These cities and towns— places face a growing risk from sea level rise. home to tourist destinations, fisheries, Global sea level is rising—and at an accelerating rate—largely in response to natural landscapes, military bases, financial global warming. The global average rise has been about eight inches since the centers, and beaches and boardwalks— Industrial Revolution. However, many U.S. cities have seen much higher increases in sea level (NOAA 2012a; NOAA 2012b). Portions of the East and Gulf coasts face a growing risk from sea level rise. have faced some of the world’s fastest rates of sea level rise (NOAA 2012b). These trends have contributed to loss of life, billions of dollars in damage to coastal The choices we make today are critical property and infrastructure, massive taxpayer funding for recovery and rebuild- to protecting coastal communities. -
Global Observations of Fine-Scale Ocean Surface Topography with the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission
fmars-06-00232 May 13, 2019 Time: 15:5 # 1 REVIEW published: 15 May 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00232 Global Observations of Fine-Scale Ocean Surface Topography With the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission Rosemary Morrow1*, Lee-Lueng Fu2, Fabrice Ardhuin3, Mounir Benkiran4, Bertrand Chapron3, Emmanuel Cosme5, Francesco d’Ovidio6, J. Thomas Farrar7, Sarah T. Gille8, Guillaume Lapeyre9, Pierre-Yves Le Traon4, Ananda Pascual10, Aurélien Ponte3, Bo Qiu11, Nicolas Rascle12, Clement Ubelmann13, Jinbo Wang2 and Edward D. Zaron14 1 Centre de Topographie des Océans et de l’Hydrosphère, Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiale, CNRS, CNES, IRD, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France, 2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States, 3 Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale, Centre National de la Edited by: Recherche Scientifique – Ifremer, Plouzané, France, 4 Mercator Ocean, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France, 5 Institut des Fei Chai, Géosciences de l’Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France, 6 Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, Second Institute of Oceanography, Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN-IPSL), Paris, France, State Oceanic Administration, China 7 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States, 8 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University 9 Reviewed by: of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD-IPSL), -
Interactive Comment on “Impacts of UV Radiation on Plankton Community Metabolism Along the Humboldt Current System” by N
Biogeosciences Discuss., 8, C2596–C2611, 2011 Biogeosciences www.biogeosciences-discuss.net/8/C2596/2011/ Discussions © Author(s) 2011. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribute 3.0 License. Interactive comment on “Impacts of UV radiation on plankton community metabolism along the Humboldt Current System” by N. Godoy et al. Anonymous Referee #3 Received and published: 23 August 2011 Review Impacts of UV radiation on plankton community metabolism along the Hum- boldt Current System by N. Godoy, A. Canepa, S. Lasternas, E. Mayol, S. RuÄsz-´ Halpern, S. AgustÄs,´ J. C. Castilla, and C. M. Duarte. Biogeosciences Discuss., 8, 5827–5848, 2011 General Comment This article reports experimental estimates of community metabolism assessed at 8 stations in the eastern south Pacific conducted during the Humboldt-2009 cruise on board RV Hesperides from 5 to 15 March 2009. An experimental evaluation of the ef- fect of UVB radiation on community metabolism is conducted. From few experiments the authors claim that UVB radiation suppressed net community production, result- ing in a dominance of heterotrophic communities in surface waters, compared to the C2596 prevalence of autotrophic communities inferred when materials, excluding UVB radia- tion, are used for incubation. They also claim that their results show that UVB radiation, which has increased greatly in the study area, may have suppressed net community production of the plankton communities, possibly driving plankton communities in the Southwest Pacific towards CO2 sources. The evidence provided in the manuscript is not sufficient to support the conclusions. The sampling is clearly too limited, both spatially and temporally, to extrapolate their results to the Humboldt Current System. -
Interactive Comment on “C-Glorsv5: an Improved Multi-Purpose Global Ocean Eddy-Permitting Physical Reanalysis” by Andrea Storto and Simona Masina
Discussions Earth System Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., Science doi:10.5194/essd-2016-38-RC1, 2016 ESSDD © Author(s) 2016. CC-BY 3.0 License. Open Access Data Interactive comment Interactive comment on “C-GLORSv5: an improved multi-purpose global ocean eddy-permitting physical reanalysis” by Andrea Storto and Simona Masina Anonymous Referee #1 Received and published: 28 September 2016 This article generates an updated version of a previous Global reanalysis data. Part of the derived products has been made available in NetCDF format at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.857995. The method used in generating the data has a num- ber of improvements in comparing with the one used in the old version. As a global ocean reanalysis dataset, they can be useful in many areas. Methods and materials are mostly described in sufficient detail to support the data. Printer-friendly version It is observed that there exist similar global reanalysis datasets, e.g., in in ma- rine.copernicus.eu, ECCO or US HYCOM etc. Many components of the method de- Discussion paper scription have also been published by the authors in other papers. However, these products haven’t been inter-compared with the V5 data, either qualitatively or quanti- C1 tatively. This makes it difficult to evaluate the “state-of-the-art” and “uniqueness” of the data. ESSDD The new data (V5) have been validated and compared with the old data (V4), which shows improvements in simulating variability of the sea ice and AMOC. However some Interactive features of the products have been degraded. Overall T/S validation in Fig.5 shows that comment only water temperature in upper 80m in V5 has smaller RSME than V4, T/S in other layers for V5 are worse than V4.