www.fischerconnectors.com [email protected] Phone +4121800 95 Switzerland 1162 Saint-Prex Ch. duGlapin20 Fischer ConnectorsSA Headquarters WHITE PAPER Edition 1.1 8. Conclusions 7. FischerUltiMate™SeriesforHighSpeedApplications 6. FischerMiniMax™SeriesforHighSpeedApplications 5. Characterization&Qualification 4. DesignRules&Simulation 3. Twisted Pairs&CableCategory 2. ComponentsCategoryversusBalancedCablingPerformances 1. CommunicationProtocol:IEC11801 Introduction Index A protocoldefinesthesyntax,semantics,andsynchronizationofcommunication;specifiedbehavioristypically A Introduction A communicationprotocolisasystemofdigitalmessageformatsandrulesforexchanging Summary Fischer Connectorshasbeendesigning,manufacturinganddistributing highperformanceconnectorsandcable About FischerConnectors have aformaldescription.Protocolsmayincludesignaling,authentication,anderrordetec messages inorbetweencomputingsystemsandtelecommunications.Aprotocolmay be developedintoa both. Communicationprotocolshavetobeagreeduponbythepartiesinvolved.To reachagreement,aprotocolmay independent of howtheprotocol will beimplemented. A protocol can beimplementedashardware,softwareor include signaling,authentication,anderrordetectioncorrectioncapabilities. between computingsystemsandintelecommunications.Aprotocolmayhaveaformaldescription.Protocols popular dataprotocols. MiniMax™ SeriesandtheFischerUltiMate™cabledconnectorsaccordingtomost oftheFischer showstheperformances withstand adefineddataprotocol.Thesecondpart most relevantparametersthatdeterminewhetheraconnectorand/orcableassemblycan of the of this document providestion anand overview correction capabilities. The first part diaries anddistributorslocatedworldwide. forces worldwide.Primarydesignandmanufacturingfacilitiesarelocated inSaint-Prex,Switzerland,withsubsi equipment, industrialinstrumentation,measuringandtestingdevices,broadcast, telecommunicationandmilitary environments, Fischer Connectors’ products are commonly used in fields requiring faultless quality, such as medical assembly solutionsforover60years.Knowntheirreliability, precisionandresistancetodemandingharsh Fischer MiniMax™SeriesandUltiMate™ High-Speed CommunicationProtocolsforthe communication protocol . . technical standard Jean-Marie Buchillyfocusesoninnovationandcreatingproductsthatmake By Connectors’ customerstodelivernewconnectortechnologythemarketplace. a difference in the lives of users. He has been working closely with Fischer New ProductDevelopmentManager, FischerConnectors Jean-Marie Buchilly isasystemofdigitalmessageformatsandrulesforexchangingmessagesinor . . . . .
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CONNECTORS WHITE PAPER Edition 1.1 International standardISO/IEC11801 1. CommunicationProtocol:IEC11801 Near EndCrosstalk(NEXT)istheratioofamplitude of thetransmitted interference andtheamplitudeofsignal 1.3. NearEndCrosstalk(NEXT) Return Lossisthemeasurementofintensityreflectedsignalinawirepair(measuredonsameside 1.2. ReturnLoss(RL) Insertion Lossorattenuationisthereductioninamplitudeofatransmittedsignalwirepairasfunctionfrequency. Loss(IL) 1.1. Insertion Balanced cablingperformancesaredefinedbyasetofmultipleparameters.The mostrelevantarelistedbelow. The standarddefinesseverallink/channelclassesandcablingcategoriesoftwisted-paircopperinterconnects,which manufacturing defaults). the cableaswheresignalisemitted).Thereflectionduetoimpedancemismatches(usuallycausedby differ inthemaximumfrequencyforwhichacertainchannelperformanceisrequired. standards, buildingcontrolsystems,andfactoryautomation). cabling) thataresuitableforawiderangeofapplications(analogandISDNtelephony, variousdatacommunication emitted). creating thisinterferenceappliedonanotherwirepair(measuredthe samesideofthecableaswheresignalis [1] specifiesgeneral-purposetelecommunicationcablingsystems(structured COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS Page 2
CONNECTORS WHITE PAPER Edition 1.1 Far EndCrosstalk(FEXT)istheratioofamplitudeinterferencetransmittedandsignal 1.4. FarEndCrosstalk(FEXT) Common shieldedcabletypesused byCat.6a,Cat.7andCat.8cablesincludeunshieldedshieldedtwisted pair, When shieldingisappliedtothecollection ofpairs,thisisusuallyreferredtoasscreening.However, differentvendors ISO/IEC 11801:2002(AnnexE)aimstointernationallystandardizethevarious designationsforshieldedcablesbyusing The twistrate(alsocalled pitch ofthetwist,usuallydefined intwistspermeter)makesuppartofthespecificationfor Twisted pair 3. Twisted Pairs&CableCategory USB 2.0 For example,youneedCategory5(Cat.5)componentstoproduceaClassDbalancedcablingthatcanbeusedforEthernet ISO/IEC 11801alsodefinesthebalancedcablingclassaccordingtotypeofapplications. ISO/IEC 11801defineswhatperformanceshavetobeachievedwithinthefrequencyrangeforallclasses. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ISO/IEC 11801definesthefollowingcorrespondencesbetweencomponentcategoryandbalancedcablingperformanceclass: In ISO/IECStandards,structuredcablingcomponents(e.g.cables,connectinghardware,andpatchcords)arecharacterized 2. of cancelingoutelectromagneticinterference(EMI)fromexternalsources; forinstance,electromagneticradiationfrom Specifications. The othercommonparameters,suchasReturnLoss,NearEndCrosstalkandFarCrosstalk,arenotspecifiedintheUSB2.0 1000base-T applications(GigabitEthernet,IEEE802.3ab). (in TIAStandards,componentsandcablingarebothcharacterizedbyaperformance“category”). by aperformance cable fromwherethesignalisemitted). creating thisinterferenceappliedonanotherwirepair(thetransmittedismeasuredtheothersideof screened twistedpair andscreenedshieldedtwistedpair. Themain categoriesaredescribedbelow. construction). (shielded twistedpair)orScTP(screened twistedpair)hasbeenusedtodenoteU/FTP, S/UTP, F/UTP, SF/UTP andS/FTP and authorsusedifferentterminology, employing «screening»and«shielding»interchangeably;forexample, STP the typeofscreenforoverallcableprotectionandindividualpairsor quads. combinations ofthreeletters–Uforunshielded,Sbraidedshielding, andFforfoiledshielding–toexplicitlyindicate that, atleastforcablescontainingsmallnumbersofpairs,thetwistrates mustdiffer. tedly lienexttoeachother, partially undoingthebenefitsofdifferentialmode.Forthisreason,itiscommonlyspecified a given type of cable. Where nearby pairs have equal twist rates, the same conductors of the different pairs may repea unshielded twistedpair(UTP)cables,andcrosstalkbetweenneighboring pairs.
Category 7acomponentsprovideClassFabalancedcablingperformance. Category 7componentsprovideClassFbalancedcablingperformance Category 6acomponentsprovideClassEabalancedcablingperformance Category 6componentsprovideClassEbalancedcablingperformance Category 5componentsprovideClassDbalancedcablingperformance Balanced CablingPerformance Components Categoryversus [2] protocolislesssevereandonlyrequiresaminimumInsertionLossvalueinthe0-400MHzfrequencyrange. [3] cablingisatypeofwiringinwhichtwoconductorssinglecircuitare twistedtogetherforthepurposes “category”andaremate d toformapermanentlinkorchannelthatisdescribedbyperformance“class” COMMUNICATION
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CONNECTORS WHITE PAPER Edition 1.1 EXAMPLES OFCOMMONINDUSTRY ABBREVIATIONS UTP cableisthemostcommonusedincomputernetworking.ModernEthernet,datanetworking 3.1. UnshieldedTwisted Pairs The codebeforetheslashdesignatesshieldingforcableitself,while codeaftertheslashdetermines (Also called“fullyshieldedtwistedpair, shieldedscreenedtwistedpair, screenedfoiledtwistedpair, shieldedfoiled 3.4. Screenedshieldedtwistedpair(F/FTPandS/FTP) (Also called“foiledtwistedpairforF/UTP”)Overallfoil,braidedshieldorbraidingwithfoilacrossallthepairswithinthe 3.3. Screenedtwistedpair(F/UTP, S/UTPandSF/UTP) (Also called“pairinmetalfoil”)Individualshieldingwithfoilforeachtwistedpairorquad.Thistypeofprevents 3.2. Shieldedtwistedpair(U/FTP) the shieldingforindividualpairs protects neighboringpairsfromcrosstalk. within the100Ohmtwistedpaircable.ThistypeofshieldingpreventsEMIfromenteringorexitingcableandalso twisted pair”)Individualshieldingusingfoilbetweenthepairsets,andalsoanoutermetaland/or 100 Ohmtwistedpaircable.ThistypeofshieldingpreventsEMIfromenteringor exitingthecable. EMI fromenteringorexitingthecableandalsoprotectsneighboringpairscrosstalk. tions becauseofitsrelativelylowercostscomparedtoopticalfiberandcoaxial cable. standard, canuseUTPcables.Twisted paircablingisoftenusedindatanetworksforshortandmediumlengthconnec SSTP, SFTP, STPPiMF FFTP S-FTP, SFTP, STP STP, ScTP FTP, STP, ScTP STP, ScTP, PiMF UTP Industry acronyms S/FTP F/FTP SF/UTP S/UTP F/UTP U/FTP U/UTP ISO/IEC 11801name S F U TQ TP
= unshielded = = = = : foil shielding braided shielding(outerlayeronly) twisted pair, individualshielding in quads twisted pair COMMUNICATION braiding foil braiding, foil braiding foil none none Cable screening foil foil none none none foil none Pair shielding PROTOCOLS Page 4
- CONNECTORS WHITE PAPER Edition 1.1 Each protocol requires specific design rules for the connector. All of these specific rules are combined for multi-protocol Designing a connectivitysolution for a specificdata protocol requiresoptimizing thedesignofbothconnectorand 4. DesignRules&Simulation confidence levelthattheconnectorwillperfectlymatchdesiredprotocols. can immediatelybeevaluatedintimeandthefrequencydomain,whichenablesanoptimizeddesignwithahigh compatibility ofthedesignedconnector/cableassemblywithtargetedprotocol.Theeffectsdesignmodifications connectors. Softwaresimulationistheperfecttoolforthisdesignprocess,sinceitallowsdesignertocheck cable. Thefirstconditionforafunctionalsolutionistohaveconnectorthat capable ofhandlingaspecificprotocol. COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS Page 5 CONNECTORS WHITE PAPER Edition 1.1 S-parameters ofthecableassemblyaremeasuredandcomparedwithtargetvaluesdefinedinprotocolspeci Once thedesignhasbeenoptimizedforadefinedprotocol,physicalproductprototypeneedstobetestedvalidate 5. Characterization&Qualification the cableassemblyfulfillsallprotocolrequirements.Atthistime,productcan bedeclared“protocolcompatible”. fication (e.g.USB3.0,HDMI,Ethernet).Ifoneoftheparametersfails,aniterationloopwillbedoneondesignuntil the fullcharacterizationusingaNetworkAnalyzer. COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS Page 6 - CONNECTORS WHITE PAPER Edition 1.1 The Fischer MiniMax™ Series helps you add power and miniaturization to yourdevices.Itisparticularlysuited 6. FischerMiniMax™SeriesforHighSpeedApplications Blue curve Green curve The FischerMiniMax™Series(19and24contacts)withascreenedtwistedpairscablebelongstoClassEa.Thismeansitcanbe 6.1 FischerMiniMax™SeriesHighSpeedPerformance Benefiting fromFischerConnector’s sealingexpertise,theFischerMiniMax™SeriesisIP68rated,evenunmated,whichmakesit Rugged andhandy, theFischerMiniMax™Seriesguaranteeshighlyreliable connectionsforyourruggedizeddevices.Ergonomic The FischerMiniMax™Seriesoffershighpin-densityandmixedconnections,allowingyoutopackmorefunctionalityintosmaller used forapplicationssuchas10GigabitEthernet,FirewireorPoweroverEthernet (seetypicalmeasuresbelow). perfectly adaptedforyourunderwaterapplicationsevenintheeventofaccidental disconnection. different typesofreliableanduser-friendly lockingsystems(push-pull,screw, quickrelease). with durablekeyingaswellvisualcolorcodingtoavoidmisconnectionandimproveend-usersafety. Italsoincorporatesthree rugged designandidealcompactnessmakeitconvenienttomanipulatewithonehandonly, evenwearinggloves.Itisequipped times morepinscomparedwithastandardFischer’s connectorofasimilarsize. devices. Ithousesauniquecombinationoftwentysignalcontactsandfourpowerinsingleconnector, providing three equipment, whereuser-friendliness andeasinesstohandleareamust. ruggedized devicesdesignedforhandheldorbody-wornapplicationspatientsoldier, instrumentationandtest =FischerMiniMax™Seriesperformance =ClassEaboundary COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS Page 7
CONNECTORS WHITE PAPER Edition 1.1 The FischerMiniMax™SeriesisalsoperfectlysuitedforUSB2.0applicationsas showninthegraphicsbelow. 6.2 FischerMiniMax™SeriesforUSB2.0 Fluke NetworksDTX-1800CableAnalyzercertifiesthattheFischerMiniMax™ SeriescanfulfillEthernet10GBASE-T Cabling non-usedwires/pinstothegroundandminimumuntwistingwiresarebestpractices,whichwillincrease By usingaFlukeDTX-1800Analyzer, wehavedemonstratedthataFischerMiniMax™Seriesconnectorwith10 meter 6.3 FischerMiniMax™Seriesfor10GbEthernet Blue curve Green Curve margin withtheapplicationboundaries. for Ethernet10GBASE-T(10GigabitEthernet,IEEE802.3an). screened twistedpairscablebelongstoclassEawhenusingfourwell-chosenpairs.Thismakesittheperfectcandidate specifications. =FischerMiniMax™Seriesperformance =USB2.0boundary COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS Page 8 CONNECTORS WHITE PAPER Edition 1.1 HDMI (High-DefinitionMultimedia Interface) 6.4 FischerMiniMax™SeriesforHDMI The FischerUltiMate™Seriesofruggedconnectorsisnowavailablein fivesizes(07,08,11,13and18)inconfi The Fischer UltiMate™ Series offers rugged, compact, lightweight, sealed connectors and cable assembly solutions 7. FischerUltiMate™SeriesforHighSpeedApplications The FischerMiniMax™SeriesfulfillsalloftherequirementsHDMIprotocolandcanbeusedforaudio/video ideally suitedtowithstandavarietyofsevereenvironmental,industrialandchemical conditions. applications inthebroadcastmarket,forexample(seetypicalperformances the graphicsbelow). replacement forexistinganalogvideostandards. controller, toacompatiblecomputermonitor, videoprojector, digitaltelevision,oraudiodevice.HDMIisa data and compressed or uncompressed digital audio data from an HDMI-compliant source device, such as a display the harshestenvironments. from -55°Cto+135°C.Thisconnectingsolutionrequireslessmaintenance, iscosteffectiveandagesslowlyevenin 360° EMCshieldingandextremelyrobustkeying,guaranteeing10,000 matingcyclesandoperatingintemperatures is sealedIP68/69matedandunmated,withahighcorrosionresistance of1,000hours.Theconnectoralsofeatures the sameperformanceandareperfectlysuitableforharshextreme environments:theFischerUltiMate™Series gurations from2to42pins.Fromitssmallest07sizelargest18 size,allFischerUltiMate™connectorshave [4] isaproprietary audio/video interfacefortransferringuncompressedvideo COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS Page 9 - CONNECTORS WHITE PAPER Edition 1.1 The FischerUltiMate™Series(size07/9electricalcontacts)withascreenedtwistedpairscablehasbeenfullycharac 7.1 FischerUltiMate™SeriesHighSpeedPerformance Ethernet, FirewireorPoweroverEthernet(seetypicalmeasuresbelow). terized withaNetworkAnalyzer. ItbelongstoClassD,whichmeansthatitcanbeusedforapplicationssuchasGigabit The FischerUltiMate™Series(size07/4electricalcontacts)canalsoperfectlyhandleUSB2.0applicationsas 7.2 FischerUltiMate™SeriesforUSB2.0 illustrated inthegraphicbelow. COMMUNICATION Blue curve Green curve Blue curve Green curve =FischerUltiMate™Seriesperformance =ClassDboundary =FischerUltiMate™Seriesperformance
= USB2.0boundary PROTOCOLS
Page 10 - CONNECTORS WHITE PAPER Edition 1.1 The FischerUltiMate™Series(size11/19electricalcontacts)fulfillsalloftherequirementsHDMIprotocolandcan 7.3 FischerUltiMate™SeriesforHDMI 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDMI 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twisted_pair 2. 1. Références And, lastbutnotleast,theinterfacebetweenFischerMiniMax™Series andFischerUltiMate™Seriescabling A designprocess that integrates a simulation step (ANSYSHFSS for example) and a qualificationstep (witha Network Connector performance is only one part of the equation when speaking about data transmission performances. Cable HDMI applicationscanbecoveredbytheFischerUltiMate™SeriesandMinimax™Series,whichperformhigher Our testshaveshownthattheFischerMiniMax™Serieswithscreenedtwistedpairscableisperfectlysuitedtomost The FischerUltiMate™Seriesconnectorswithscreenedtwistedpairscablinghavebeendemonstratedasbelonging The FischerMiniMax™Seriesconnectorswithscreenedtwistedpairscablinghavebeendemonstratedasbelonging 8. Conclusions customer requirementsforaspecificapplication. Analyzer) willmaximizetheperformancesofcableassemblyandguaranteethatsystemmeetsstandards assembly. quality, thecabling process and cable length are other key factors thatdirectly influence theperformancesofcable than HDMIstandards. are followed. demanding applications such as Ethernet 10GBASE-T, as long as key rules (well-chosen pairs, maximum cable length) to ClassD. to ClassEa. be usedforaudio/videoapplicationsinthebroadcastmarket,example(seetypicalperformancesgraphicsbelow). the connecteddeviceisalsofundamentalinordertoguaranteeperformance ofthecompletesystem. Blue curve Green curve Universal SerialBusSpecification,Rev2.0,April27,2000 ISO/IEC 11801ed2.2 =FischerUltiMate™Seriesperformance =HDMIboundary
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