EVOLUTION HUMANHUMAN EVOLUTION EVOLUTION Humanvol.Vol
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Coperta HE_1 4 2006.qxd 6 04 2010 6:46 Pagina 1 Coperta HE_1 4 2006.qxd 6 04 2010 6:46 Pagina 1 Coperta HE_1 4 2006.qxd 6 04 2010 6:46 Pagina 1 ISSN 0393 - 9375 ISSN 0393 - 9375 ISSN 0393 - 9375 HUMAN EVOLUTION HUMANHUMAN EVOLUTION EVOLUTION HUMANVol.Vol. 25 25EVOLUTION - -n. n. 1-2 1-2 - -2010 2010 VOL.Vol. 25 31 - - n.N. 1-23 - 2016- 2010 Longo L. Longo L. The Leonardo Project HUMAN IntegratedLongo L. methodological approaches to the study of lithic tools 1 - 12 HUMAN Integrated methodological approaches to the study of lithic tools 1 - 12 HUMAN Integrated methodological approaches to the study of lithic tools 1 - 12 SPECIAL ISSUE AndrefskyAndrefsky W. W. Jr. Jr. HumanAndrefskyHuman Land Land W. Use Jr. Use Strategies Strategies and and Projectile Projectile Point Point Damage, Damage, Resharpening Resharpening Human Land Use Strategies and Projectile Point Damage, Resharpening EVOLUTION andAusubel, Discard PatternsJ. 13 - 30 EVOLUTION and Discard Patterns 13 - 30 EVOLUTION andIntroduction Discard Patterns 13 - 30 JaubertUsingJaubert J.,New J.,O’Farrell O’FarrellAnthropological M. M. and Biological Tools VOLUMEVOLUME 25 25 JANUARY-JANUARY- JUNE JUNE - N.1-2 - N.1-2 - 2010 - 2010 VOLUMEVOLUME 25 31 JANUARY-JULY - SEPTEMPER JUNE - N.1-2 2016 - 2010 - N. 3 TerritoriesJauberttoTerritories Learn J., and aboutO’Farrell and settlement settlementLeonardo M. dynamics: dynamics: da Vinci Amethodological Amethodological background background 125 - 131 andTerritoriesand diachronic diachronic and perspectivesettlement perspective dynamics: of ofthe the Paleolithic Paleolithic Amethodological background 3131 -- 4848 and diachronic perspective of the Paleolithic 31 - 48 King, R. García-AntónLeonardo’sGarcía-Antón Bones: Trassierra Trassierra Myth, D. D.History, and Evidence 133 - 147 MethodologicalGarcía-AntónMethodological Trassierra Approach Approach toD. tothe the Selection Selection of of Palaeolithic Palaeolithic Raw Raw Material Material inMethodological Supplyin Supply Areas Areas ApproachLocated Located in to inSecondary the Secondary Selection Deposits Deposits of Palaeolithic Raw Material 4949 -- 6666 inLeader, Supply Areas A. Located in Secondary Deposits 49 - 66 RuggeriTracingRuggeri D., the D., Whallon DaWhallon Vinci R. TombR. in the Badia Fiorentina 149 - 158 Ruggeri D., Whallon R. Sant’AngeloSant’Angelo Cave Cave - a - Gravettiana Gravettian hunting hunting and and raw raw material material procurement procurement site site Sant’Angelo Cave - a Gravettian hunting and raw material procurement site in Minucci,thein the Maiella Maiella S., Mountains, Colonna,T. Mountains, Abruzzo Abruzzo (Italy) (Italy) 6767 -- 8282 inA the Ground Maiella Penetrating Mountains, RadarAbruzzo (GPR) (Italy) Survey of the Florentine Abbey 67 - 82 Giunti–Giunti the P.,Badia P., Longo Longo Fiorentina L. L. (Italy) – as Part of the Search for the Family Giunti P., Longo L. TheTombThe Production Production of Leonardo System System Da of ofVincithe the Mousterian Mousterian Lithic Lithic Industry Industry of of Layer Layer III III 159 - 168 The Production System of the Mousterian Lithic Industry of Layer III from from the the Mezzena Mezzena rockshelter rockshelter (Verona, (Verona, northern northern Italy) Italy) 8383 -- 9696 from the Mezzena rockshelter (Verona, northern Italy) 83 - 96 Vezzosi, A. Aranguren B., Revedin A. ArangurenArangurenLeonardo B.,Da Revedin Vinci and A.A. his Family from the 14th Century until BilancinotheBilancino Present-Day settlement: settlement: Integrated Integrated Methodological Methodological Approaches Approaches 169 - 189 Bilancinofor the historicalsettlement: reconstruction Integrated Methodological Approaches 97 - 106 forfor thethe historicalhistorical reconstruction 9797 - 106- 106 MesterMester Zs. Zs. MesterTechnological Zs. analysis of Szeletian bifacial points from Szeleta Cave (Hungary) 107 - 124 TechnologicalTechnological analysis of SzeletianSzeletian bifacialbifacial points points from from Szeleta Szeleta Cave Cave (Hungary) (Hungary) 107 107 - 124- 124 Gassin B., Léa V., Astruc L., Linton J. Gassin B., Léa V., Astruc L., Linton J. Gassin Lithic B., Management Léa V., Astruc in the L., Chassey Linton Culture J. Neolithic 125 - 142 Lithic Management in the Chassey Culture Neolithic 125 - 142 Lithic Management in the Chassey Culture Neolithic 125 - 142 Conati Barbaro C., Cristiani E., Lemorini C. Conati Barbaro C., Cristiani E., Lemorini C. Conati The Lithic Barbaro Perspective: C., Cristiani Reading E., LemoriniCopper Age C. Societies by Means The Lithic Perspective: Reading Copper Age Societies by Means Theof Lithic Techno-Function- Perspective: alReading Approach Copper Age Societies by Means 143 - 154 ofof Techno-Function-Techno-Function- al Approach 143143 - 154- 154 Lucarini G., Mutri G. LucariniLucariniSite SJ-00-56: G., Mutri Débitage G. Analysis and Functional Interpretation HUMAN EVOLUTION - Vol. 25 N.1-2 2010 HUMAN EVOLUTION - Vol. 25 N.1-2 2010 SiteSite SJ-00-56:SJ-00-56: Débitage Analysis andand FunctionalFunctional Interpretation Interpretation HUMAN EVOLUTION - Vol. 25 N.1-2 2010 of a Later Stone Age Campsite in the Jebel Gharbi (Libya) 155 - 166 HUMAN EVOLUTION - Vol. 31 n. 3 2016 ofof aa LaterLater Stone Age Campsite inin thethe JebelJebel Gharbi Gharbi (Libya) (Libya) 155155 - 166- 166 ANGELO PONTECORBOLI EDITORE ANGELO PONTECORBOLI EDITORE ANGELO PONTECORBOLIFIRENZE EDITORE FIRENZEFIRENZE International Institute For Humankind Studies HUMAN EVOLUTION Edited by: B. CHIARELLI Lab. of Anthropology and Ethnology, Univ. of Florence Via del Proconsolo,12 - 50122 Firenze - Italy Tel. 0039 055 2757747 E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Secretary: C. Stypulkowski HUMAN EVOLUTION FOUNDING MEMBERS Y. Coppens, France M. Day, England H. De Lumley, France M. Goodman, USA P. Tobias, South Africa International Panel of Referees (2013-2016): Anemone, R.L. (USA), Attanasio, A. (Italy), Ayala, F.J. (USA), Bernis, C. (Spain), Chauhan, P.R. (USA), Coppens, Y. (France), Cormack, J.L. (USA), Crawford, M. (UK), Cunha, E. (Portugal), Demeter, F. (France), Dell’Orco, S. (Italy), de Waal, F.B.M. (USA), Falk, D. (USA), Franciscus, R.G. (USA), Giacobini, G. (Italy), Giuditta, A. (Italy), Güleç, E. (Turkey), Hilloowala, R. (USA), Ijegbai, M. (UK), Islam, R. (Bangladesh), Maldonato, N.M. (Italy), Martínez Fuentes, A.J. (Cuba), Parker, S. (USA), Pepeu, G. (Italy), Rhys-Evans, P. (UK), Rickards, O. (Italy), Salzano, F.M. (Brazil), Schwartz, J.H. (USA), Sugiyama, Y. (Japan), Ubelaker, D.H. (USA), Verano, J.W. (USA), Wolpoff, M.H. (USA). HUMAN EVOLUTION is published as one volume per annum in four issues. For subscription prices and information: www.pontecorboli.com To subscribe write to: EDAP/Angelo Pontecorboli Editore - Firenze Fax 0039 055 5528456 - Email: [email protected] On cover: Drawing by Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) - Study of the human body. Direttore Responsabile: Brunetto Chiarelli Aut. Trib. Firenze 3880 del 07.07.90 HUMAN EVOLUTION Vol. 31 n.3 (125-131) - 2016 Using New Anthropological and Biological Tools to Learn about Leonardo da Vinci INTRODUCTION J. Ausubel Vice Chairman, Richard Lounsbery Foundation, 1020 19th St NW # Ll60, Washington, DC 20036, USA. His life marked the rebirth of Western civilization, but no gravestone marks with certainty the final resting place of Leonardo da Vinci. Now using modern techniques, an- thropologists and geneticists are seeking Leonardo’s remains not simply to mark the spot but also to study and better understand his remarkable abilities and talents. The work underway resembles in complexity recent projects such as the exhumation and reburial of Leonardo’s English contemporary, King Richard III, in March 2015 some 500 years after his death. Like Richard, Leonardo was born in 1452, and like Richard he was given a Chris- tian burial in a setting that underwent changes in subsequent years such that the exact location of the grave became lost. And this is where science and technology come to the aid of history. In November 2014 an international team of specialists embarked on the first phase of a project to identify conclusively the alleged remains of Leonardo da Vinci at Am- boise Castle in the Loire Valley southwest of Paris. They aim to compare DNA yet to be found there with the DNA of Leonardo’s father and several close relatives whose remains are buried in Florence, and possibly his mother, in Milan. They hope to acquire an extensive enough genetic profile to understand better his abilities and visual acuity. The project brings together experts from France, Italy, Spain, the United States, and Canada. Participating organizations include the Institut de Paléontologie Humaine in Paris, the International Institute for Humankind Studies in Florence, the Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Paleogenetics at the Biology Department of the University of Florence, Museo Ideale Leonardo Da Vinci in Vinci, J. Craig Venter Institute in La Jolla, California, Laboratory of Genetic Identification at the University of Granada, and the Rockefeller University in New York. Initial support comes from the Richard Lounsbery Foundation in Washington D.C. Work proceeds along several fronts from Leonardo’s family tomb in Florence, to Leonardo’s presumed remains at Amboise Castle, and to Milan where there might be the remains of Leonardo’s mother, Caterina. Team members are also pursuing traces of 126 AUSUBEL her children by a later marriage. The study team plans to verify whether DNA extracted from the remains at Amboise Castle matches that of remains from Florence and possibly