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SCANDINAVIAN TRINUCLEIDAE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO NORWEGIAN SPECIES AND VARIETIES BY LEIF STØRMER WITH I4 PLATES AND 47 FIGURES IN THE TEXT SKRIFTER UTGITT AV DET NoRSKE VIDENSKAPS-AKADEMI 1 OsLo I. MAT.-NATURV. KLASSE. r93o. No. 4· UTGITT FOR FRIDTJOF NANSENS FOND OSLO I KOMMISJON HOS JACOB DYBWAD 1930 Skrifter utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi t Oslo. Ma tematisk-na tu rvidens kapeli g kl as se. 1926. No. I. V. M. Go ld sc h midt. Geochemische Verteilungsgesetze der Elewente. VI. Ober die Krystallstrukturen vom Rutiltypus, mit Bemcrkuncen zur Geochemit nveiwertiger und vicrwertiger Elemente. Kr. 2,oo. • % • V. M. Gold sch midt. Geochemische Verteilungsgesetze der Elemente. VIl. Die Gesetze der Krystallochemie. Kr. S,so. l· L. Veg ar d. Ober die physikalische Deutung der Bandenspekt1·en, die i11t Leuchkn verfestigter Gase auftreten. Kr. 1,75· 4· J. IL L. V og t. The Physical Chemistry of the Magmatic Differentiation of [g-neous Rocks. Il. On the Feldspar Diagram Or : Ab : An. Kr. 11,00. • S· lle nr i k Pr in t z. Die Algenvegetation des Trondhjemsfjordes. Kr. 27,50. 6. K. M ii n st e r S 1: r øm. Norwegian ll!ountain Algae. Kr. 28,oo. 7· K. Wag ne r. Mittelalter-Knochen aus Oslo. Kr. 10,75. i. V. M. Gold sch midt. Geochemische Verteilungsgesetze der Elemente. VIll. Untersuchungen iiber Bau und Eigenschaften von Krystallen. Kr. 1o,oo. ,. Ha l f da n Br y n. Ober die Augentypen in Norwegen und ihre Vererbunll's­ verhaltnisse. Kr. 4,5o. tO • L. Veg ard and T. Be rge. Continued Investigations on the Structure of Tetramethylammonium Iodide. Kr. 2,8o. 1927. No. I. Rolf No rdhagen. Die Vegetation und Flora des Sylene-Gebietes. Eine pflanzensoziologische Monographie. Kr. so,oo. 2. L. V eg ar d and A l f Refsu m. Further Investigations on the Structure of Crystals belonging to the Scheelite Group. Kr. 2,oo. 3· L. Veg- ard und T h. Ha u g e. Mischkristalle und ihre Bildung durch Kontakt fester Phasen und durch Fallung von Losungen. Kr. 1,50. 4· S. O. F.O mang. Die Hieraciumflora im Talgebiete Gudbrandsdalen. li. Kr. 9,oa. s. L. V c gard. Gitterschwankungen bei Mischkristallbildung durch Fiillung von Losungen. Kr. r,so. 6. L. Veg ard. The Structure of Xenotime and the Relation between Chemical Constitution and Crystal Structure. Kr. 1,50. 7· L. Veg ard. Hesults of Continued Investigations on the Luminescence from Solified Gases at <:xtremely Low Ternperature. Kr. 1,50. 8. Tom. Bar t h. Die Pegmatitgange der kaledonischen Intrusivgesteine im Seiland­ Gebiete. Kr. I2,50. 9· K nut D ah l. The "Biege" or Dwarf-Salmon. A Landlocked Salmon from Lake J3ygglandsfiord in Setesdal. Kr. 4,oo. > IO. L. V eg ard and K a r l S o l l e s n es. The Structure of the Isomorphic Sub­ stances N(CH,),J, N(CH,),Br, N(CH,),CI. Kr. 1,70. > I I. K. E. Sch rein er . Norske skjelettfunn fra folkevandringstiden og den yne;r� jernalder. Kr. 4,oo. > 12. T h. Skol e m. Zur Theorie der assoziativen Zahlensysteme. Kr. 4,00. • 13. Sigurd Ei n bu (En c bo). Beobachtungen verander!icher Stcrne angestellt auf Dombaas (Norwegen). X. Kr. 6,oo. > 14. L. Veg ard und Hjal mar Da le. Untersuchungen iiber Mischkristalle und Legierungen. Kr. r,s o. SCANDINAVIAN TRINUCLEI DAE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO NORWEGIAN SPECIES AND VARIETIES BY LEIF STØRMER WITH I 4 PLATES AND 4 7 FIGUR ES IN Tl-lE TEXT SKRIFTEn: UTGITT Av DET NoRSKE VroEKSKAPS-AKADEJ\tr' OsLo I. MAr.-NATURV. KLASSE. r93o. No. 4· UTGITT FOR FRIDTJOF NANSENS FOND OSLO l KOMMISJON HOS JACOB DYBWAD 1930 Fremlagt den mat.·naturv. klasses møte den 23. mai 1930 av J. K i ær. A. W. BRØGGERS BOKTRYKKERI A/S TABLE OF CONTENTS P age Introduction ... 5 Historical Review. 7 Systematic Part . 9 The Basis of systematic Description .. .. .. ........ c • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9 Terminology of morphological Description. ........ ...... .... .... ..... .. ... I2 Description of Genera . .. I 3 Distinguishing generic Characters ...... .. ..... ......... ..... .. ... '4 Description of Species . r6 Trinucleus foveolatus ANG. • . • • . • . • • r 6 var. interruedit.t.$ n. var. .. .... ...... ... , . 18 bronni (SARS et BoECK) . r 9 bucculentus ANG. • . • • . • . • • • . • . .. 2 I hibernicus REED. var.brøggeri n. var. 24 Larva! Stages of the Genus Trinucleus . • . 28 Relationship of the Trinucleus Spee ies . • . 28 Reedolithus carina/us (ANG.) . • . • . • . • . 30 The Ontogeny of Reedolithus carina/us (ANG. ) . • . 34 Cryptolithus dicors (ANG. ) . • . • . • . • . • . • • . • . • . 40 cfr. portlocki (SALTER) . ..... ..... · .........· ·.· · ....· . 43 sp. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 44 Tr etaspis cerioides (ANG.) var. angelini n. var .. .. .. ............ , . ... kiæri n. sp. 50 seticornis (Hrs ) ....... ... .. ..... .. .. · · ..•... · . 55 The Ontogeny of Tretaspis seticornis (Hrs.) . 58 Tretaspis latilimbus (LrNRS. ) . 67 gr auulata W AHLB ........ var. bucklandi (BARR. ) General Part Ontogeny of the Trinucleidae Stratigraphical Remarks on the Scandinavian Trinucleidae ........ .. ...... ... Phyllogeny of the Trinucleidae .......... .. ...... ...... ..... .. ......... The Median eye Tubercle ............................................. Morphology of the Median Tubercle .. .......................... Shell Structure of the Median Tubercle Ontogeny of the Median eye ...............................•..... P age The lateral eye of Trinucleidae . .. 89 The Marginal Suture . .. .. 92 Muscular Impressions in the Shell of Trinucleidae . 93 Arrangement of the Spots .. Explanation of the Spots .. Shell Structures of the Trinucleidae . Marginal Canals in the Shell of Trinucleidae ........ IOO The Structure of the hollow Pillars in the Fringe .. 102 Terrace Lines in the Trinucleidae ...........................•.... 103 M ode of Li fe of the Trinucleidae ros INTRODUCTION P rof. Dr. J. KIÆR once advised me to make a study of the Norwegian Trinucleidae. He kindly allowed me to use his valuable collections of Ordovician Trinucleidae from the Oslo field. The Norwegia n fo rms of these trilobites ha ve not been described since ANG ELIN (I 8 5 I-54) made a brief description in his well-known work "Paleontologica Scandinavica". The Norwegian material is found in a very good state of preservation. The fo ssils are usually preserved in limestone, which gives a good illustration of th e morphological and structural characters. The chief part of the Trinucleidae previously described, ha s been preserved in more or less pressed shales which disturbs the original shapes of the fo ssils. .. Nearly all the material examined belongs to the Paleontological Museum of Oslo. The oldest collections were made by SARS and BoECK a hundred years ago. BRøGGER made a detailed stratigraphical study of the Ordovician layers of the Oslo valley. In his geological map of the islands of the Oslo Fj ord (r887) he gave an excellent basis for later investigations and collections. A considerable material of Trinucleidae was collected by BRøGGER from the different zones. A very large and valuable amount has been collected during later years by KIÆR. Especially his collections fr om Ringerike have provided very interesting fa cts concerning the Trinucleidae. Considerable collections ha ve also been made hy HoLTEDAHL. The author has tried to a certain extent to complete some of the earlier collections. After having examined the material at Oslo I went to Denmark and Sweden to compare the other Scandinavian collections with our own. · In Copenhagen Dr. RAVN kindly showed me the specimens of Tretaspt s from Bornholm. In Lund the collections of TøRNQUIST, amongst others, were of great interest. Prof. GRøNWALL kindly allowed me to take some specimens fr om Dalarne to Oslo for examination. In Stockholm and Uppsala I am indebted to Dr. HAGG, Dr. W ARBURG and Dr. WESTERGÅRD who showed me the va rious collections. Some good specimens of Norwegian Trinucleids collected by G. HoLM, as well as some specimens fr om Dalarne, were borrowed fo r description. The methods of working out the material have been different. The small specimens have been prepared with the finest needles available. 6 LEIF STØRMER M.·N. Kl. Ignition and cooling in water have been used on the hard limestone. About go thin sections have been made. Dyeing has not prcived usefu\. Many of the sections have been orientated. Serial sections have been made (about 70) of Tretaspis kiæri, with measured distance between each grinding. The grinding has been made by hand, and in some cases only the ti me of grinding has been noticed as a rough measurement of the thickness. The polished surface has been photographed imbedded in Cana­ dian Balsam. During the whole time of my study of the Trinucleidae, Professor J. KrÆR has shown my work the greatest interest, and I wish to tender him my heartiest thanks fo r his valuable support, and also for the good ad vice he has given me. I am also indebted to Professor HoLTEDAHL and Curator HErNTZ for their kind assistance during my work. The photos have been made by Miss LrLY MoNSEN and the author. Where the photos have been retouched, this has been done by Miss BARSTAD and Miss THoRBJØRNSEN. 1930. No. 4· SCANDINAVIAN TRINUCLE!DAE 7 HISTORICAL REVIEW The literature concerning the Trinucleidae is very copious. BARRANDE (r8.sz p. 6og) gives a vi ew of the same up to r8so. Trinudeus occurs already in the first work on Trilobites by LHWYD r6g8. In the years from r8zo-r8so a num ber of papers were written about Trinucleus. W AHLEN­ BERG (r8zr) described the first Trinucleid from Sweden. He was fo llowed by DALMAN (r8z6) and HrsrNGER (r837). In Norway BoECK (r827, 1838 P. I +3) mentions 4 species of Trinucleids. He on ly used the names of the species which were: granulatus WAHL., ornatus or tesselatus. STERNB., trinudeum, SARS et BoECK and. bronni, SARS et BoEcK. T. bronni was a new spec1es. The description is very brief. The species has only two rows of pits on the fringe. This indicates Trin. coscinorinus described by ANGELIN (r8sr-s4l· ANGELIN does not mention the description of BoECK.
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  • Acastidae, 305 Acastidae Delo, 304–305 Acritarchs, 365 Cluster

    Acastidae, 305 Acastidae Delo, 304–305 Acritarchs, 365 Cluster

    Index Page numbers in italic denote figures. Page numbers in bold denote tables. Acastidae, 305 Asteroids, 178–179 Acastidae Delo, 304–305 Asterozoans, 177–179 acritarchs, 365 Asteroids, 178–179 cluster analysis, 387 Ophiuroids, 178 Acrocephalitidae, 325 palaeobiogeography of Ordovician echinoderms, 177–179 actinocerids, 433, 437, 440 Somasteroids, 177–178 adaptive radiation of vertebrates in Ordovician, 451–452 Astropolichnus hispanicus (Crimes, Legg, Marcos and Arboleya), 45 biogeography of Ordovician vertebrates, 451–452 Atdabanian Stage, palaeogeographical distribution, 61 climatic context of Ordovician vertebrates, 452 Aulacopleurida, 311 palaeobiogeography of Early Palaeozoic vertebrates, 451–452 Aulacopleurida Adrain, 312–317 Aeronian cluster and ordination tests, 209 Family Aulacopleuridae Angelin, 312–313 Aeronian-Telychian, 209–210 Family Bathyuridae Walcott, 313–314 Afghanistan palaeogeographical units, 279 Family Brachymetopidae Prantl & Prˇibyl, 314 Afghanodesmatids Ordovician distributions, 224 Family Dimeropygidae Hupe, 314 agnathans, 449, 455 Family Holotrachelidae Warburg, 314–315 Alai terrane Family Hystricuridae Hupe, 315 fossils, 279 Family Rorringtoniidae Owens in Owens & Hamann, 315–316 trilobite, 283–284 Family Scharysiidae Osmo´lska, 316 Alaskan areas, 213–214 Family Telephinidae Marek, 316–317 Alsataspididae, 320 synopsis of Ordovician trilobite distribution and diversity, 312–317 Alsataspididae Turner, 319–320 Aulacopleuridae Altai-Sayan area, palaeogeographical units, 276 global taxonomic richness, 313 Ambonychids,
  • Memorial to Leif St0rmer 1905-1979

    Memorial to Leif St0rmer 1905-1979

    Memorial to Leif St0rmer 1905-1979 H . B. W H I T T I N G T O N Department of Geology, Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge CB2 3EQ England Leif St^rm er was born in Kristiania (the City of Oslo since 1924), Norway, and began his studies in the Univer- sity of Oslo in 1923. His father, F. C. St^rmer, was Professor of M athem atics in the University and was also internationally known for his research on the Northern Lights. The young St^rm er was inspired by his father’s eminent colleagues, particularly the geologist W. C. Br0gger and the zoologist G. O. Sars. St^rm er’s interest in the lower Paleozoic rocks and fossils of the Oslo dis­ trict was revealed in a paper published when he was 15 years old on Lower Ordovician trilobites, and continued with a life-long series of papers on Cambrian and Ordo­ vician trilobites and graptolites. He gained international recognition for his 1930 study on Scandinavian trinucleid trilobites (for which he received his doctorate). He not only described and beautifully illustrated old and new species, but investigated the exoskele- tal structures, illustrated variation in numbers of pits in the fringe with histograms, and discussed evolution and mode of life. His zoological training had included taking part in an oceanographic expedition to West Greenland in 1924, and subsequently he stressed the importance of such training when interpreting fossils. In order to understand the environ­ ment in which the fossils occurred, and their relationships in time, he studied the stratigraphy of the Oslo district, publishing an account of it in 1945, which was revised in 1956 in preparation for the 1960 International Congress in Nordern, and again in 1966.