DOCSLIB.ORG

Scandinavian Trinucleidae, with Special Reference to Norwegian

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Scandinavian Trinucleidae, with Special Reference to Norwegian SCANDINAVIAN TRINUCLEIDAE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO NORWEGIAN SPECIES AND VARIETIES BY LEIF STØRMER WITH I4 PLATES AND 47 FIGURES IN THE TEXT SKRIFTER UTGITT AV DET NoRSKE VIDENSKAPS-AKADEMI 1 OsLo I. MAT.-NATURV. KLASSE. r93o. No. 4· UTGITT FOR FRIDTJOF NANSENS FOND OSLO I KOMMISJON HOS JACOB DYBWAD 1930 Skrifter utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi t Oslo. Ma tematisk-na tu rvidens kapeli g kl as se. 1926. No. I. V. M. Go ld sc h midt. Geochemische Verteilungsgesetze der Elewente. VI. Ober die Krystallstrukturen vom Rutiltypus, mit Bemcrkuncen zur Geochemit nveiwertiger und vicrwertiger Elemente. Kr. 2,oo. • % • V. M. Gold sch midt. Geochemische Verteilungsgesetze der Elemente. VIl. Die Gesetze der Krystallochemie. Kr. S,so. l· L. Veg ar d. Ober die physikalische Deutung der Bandenspekt1·en, die i11t Leuchkn verfestigter Gase auftreten. Kr. 1,75· 4· J. IL L. V og t. The Physical Chemistry of the Magmatic Differentiation of [g-neous Rocks. Il. On the Feldspar Diagram Or : Ab : An. Kr. 11,00. • S· lle nr i k Pr in t z. Die Algenvegetation des Trondhjemsfjordes. Kr. 27,50. 6. K. M ii n st e r S 1: r øm. Norwegian ll!ountain Algae. Kr. 28,oo. 7· K. Wag ne r. Mittelalter-Knochen aus Oslo. Kr. 10,75. i. V. M. Gold sch midt. Geochemische Verteilungsgesetze der Elemente. VIll. Untersuchungen iiber Bau und Eigenschaften von Krystallen. Kr. 1o,oo. ,. Ha l f da n Br y n. Ober die Augentypen in Norwegen und ihre Vererbunll's­ verhaltnisse. Kr. 4,5o. tO • L. Veg ard and T. Be rge. Continued Investigations on the Structure of Tetramethylammonium Iodide. Kr. 2,8o. 1927. No. I. Rolf No rdhagen. Die Vegetation und Flora des Sylene-Gebietes. Eine pflanzensoziologische Monographie. Kr. so,oo. 2. L. V eg ar d and A l f Refsu m. Further Investigations on the Structure of Crystals belonging to the Scheelite Group. Kr. 2,oo. 3· L. Veg- ard und T h. Ha u g e. Mischkristalle und ihre Bildung durch Kontakt fester Phasen und durch Fallung von Losungen. Kr. 1,50. 4· S. O. F.O mang. Die Hieraciumflora im Talgebiete Gudbrandsdalen. li. Kr. 9,oa. s. L. V c gard. Gitterschwankungen bei Mischkristallbildung durch Fiillung von Losungen. Kr. r,so. 6. L. Veg ard. The Structure of Xenotime and the Relation between Chemical Constitution and Crystal Structure. Kr. 1,50. 7· L. Veg ard. Hesults of Continued Investigations on the Luminescence from Solified Gases at <:xtremely Low Ternperature. Kr. 1,50. 8. Tom. Bar t h. Die Pegmatitgange der kaledonischen Intrusivgesteine im Seiland­ Gebiete. Kr. I2,50. 9· K nut D ah l. The "Biege" or Dwarf-Salmon. A Landlocked Salmon from Lake J3ygglandsfiord in Setesdal. Kr. 4,oo. > IO. L. V eg ard and K a r l S o l l e s n es. The Structure of the Isomorphic Sub­ stances N(CH,),J, N(CH,),Br, N(CH,),CI. Kr. 1,70. > I I. K. E. Sch rein er . Norske skjelettfunn fra folkevandringstiden og den yne;r� jernalder. Kr. 4,oo. > 12. T h. Skol e m. Zur Theorie der assoziativen Zahlensysteme. Kr. 4,00. • 13. Sigurd Ei n bu (En c bo). Beobachtungen verander!icher Stcrne angestellt auf Dombaas (Norwegen). X. Kr. 6,oo. > 14. L. Veg ard und Hjal mar Da le. Untersuchungen iiber Mischkristalle und Legierungen. Kr. r,s o. SCANDINAVIAN TRINUCLEI DAE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO NORWEGIAN SPECIES AND VARIETIES BY LEIF STØRMER WITH I 4 PLATES AND 4 7 FIGUR ES IN Tl-lE TEXT SKRIFTEn: UTGITT Av DET NoRSKE VroEKSKAPS-AKADEJ\tr' OsLo I. MAr.-NATURV. KLASSE. r93o. No. 4· UTGITT FOR FRIDTJOF NANSENS FOND OSLO l KOMMISJON HOS JACOB DYBWAD 1930 Fremlagt den mat.·naturv. klasses møte den 23. mai 1930 av J. K i ær. A. W. BRØGGERS BOKTRYKKERI A/S TABLE OF CONTENTS P age Introduction ... 5 Historical Review. 7 Systematic Part . 9 The Basis of systematic Description .. .. .. ........ c • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9 Terminology of morphological Description. ........ ...... .... .... ..... .. ... I2 Description of Genera . .. I 3 Distinguishing generic Characters ...... .. ..... ......... ..... .. ... '4 Description of Species . r6 Trinucleus foveolatus ANG. • . • • . • . • • r 6 var. interruedit.t.$ n. var. .. .... ...... ... , . 18 bronni (SARS et BoECK) . r 9 bucculentus ANG. • . • • . • . • • • . • . .. 2 I hibernicus REED. var.brøggeri n. var. 24 Larva! Stages of the Genus Trinucleus . • . 28 Relationship of the Trinucleus Spee ies . • . 28 Reedolithus carina/us (ANG.) . • . • . • . • . 30 The Ontogeny of Reedolithus carina/us (ANG. ) . • . 34 Cryptolithus dicors (ANG. ) . • . • . • . • . • . • • . • . • . 40 cfr. portlocki (SALTER) . ..... ..... · .........· ·.· · ....· . 43 sp. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 44 Tr etaspis cerioides (ANG.) var. angelini n. var .. .. .. ............ , . ... kiæri n. sp. 50 seticornis (Hrs ) ....... ... .. ..... .. .. · · ..•... · . 55 The Ontogeny of Tretaspis seticornis (Hrs.) . 58 Tretaspis latilimbus (LrNRS. ) . 67 gr auulata W AHLB ........ var. bucklandi (BARR. ) General Part Ontogeny of the Trinucleidae Stratigraphical Remarks on the Scandinavian Trinucleidae ........ .. ...... ... Phyllogeny of the Trinucleidae .......... .. ...... ...... ..... .. ......... The Median eye Tubercle ............................................. Morphology of the Median Tubercle .. .......................... Shell Structure of the Median Tubercle Ontogeny of the Median eye ...............................•..... P age The lateral eye of Trinucleidae . .. 89 The Marginal Suture . .. .. 92 Muscular Impressions in the Shell of Trinucleidae . 93 Arrangement of the Spots .. Explanation of the Spots .. Shell Structures of the Trinucleidae . Marginal Canals in the Shell of Trinucleidae ........ IOO The Structure of the hollow Pillars in the Fringe .. 102 Terrace Lines in the Trinucleidae ...........................•.... 103 M ode of Li fe of the Trinucleidae ros INTRODUCTION P rof. Dr. J. KIÆR once advised me to make a study of the Norwegian Trinucleidae. He kindly allowed me to use his valuable collections of Ordovician Trinucleidae from the Oslo field. The Norwegia n fo rms of these trilobites ha ve not been described since ANG ELIN (I 8 5 I-54) made a brief description in his well-known work "Paleontologica Scandinavica". The Norwegian material is found in a very good state of preservation. The fo ssils are usually preserved in limestone, which gives a good illustration of th e morphological and structural characters. The chief part of the Trinucleidae previously described, ha s been preserved in more or less pressed shales which disturbs the original shapes of the fo ssils. .. Nearly all the material examined belongs to the Paleontological Museum of Oslo. The oldest collections were made by SARS and BoECK a hundred years ago. BRøGGER made a detailed stratigraphical study of the Ordovician layers of the Oslo valley. In his geological map of the islands of the Oslo Fj ord (r887) he gave an excellent basis for later investigations and collections. A considerable material of Trinucleidae was collected by BRøGGER from the different zones. A very large and valuable amount has been collected during later years by KIÆR. Especially his collections fr om Ringerike have provided very interesting fa cts concerning the Trinucleidae. Considerable collections ha ve also been made hy HoLTEDAHL. The author has tried to a certain extent to complete some of the earlier collections. After having examined the material at Oslo I went to Denmark and Sweden to compare the other Scandinavian collections with our own. · In Copenhagen Dr. RAVN kindly showed me the specimens of Tretaspt s from Bornholm. In Lund the collections of TøRNQUIST, amongst others, were of great interest. Prof. GRøNWALL kindly allowed me to take some specimens fr om Dalarne to Oslo for examination. In Stockholm and Uppsala I am indebted to Dr. HAGG, Dr. W ARBURG and Dr. WESTERGÅRD who showed me the va rious collections. Some good specimens of Norwegian Trinucleids collected by G. HoLM, as well as some specimens fr om Dalarne, were borrowed fo r description. The methods of working out the material have been different. The small specimens have been prepared with the finest needles available. 6 LEIF STØRMER M.·N. Kl. Ignition and cooling in water have been used on the hard limestone. About go thin sections have been made. Dyeing has not prcived usefu\. Many of the sections have been orientated. Serial sections have been made (about 70) of Tretaspis kiæri, with measured distance between each grinding. The grinding has been made by hand, and in some cases only the ti me of grinding has been noticed as a rough measurement of the thickness. The polished surface has been photographed imbedded in Cana­ dian Balsam. During the whole time of my study of the Trinucleidae, Professor J. KrÆR has shown my work the greatest interest, and I wish to tender him my heartiest thanks fo r his valuable support, and also for the good ad vice he has given me. I am also indebted to Professor HoLTEDAHL and Curator HErNTZ for their kind assistance during my work. The photos have been made by Miss LrLY MoNSEN and the author. Where the photos have been retouched, this has been done by Miss BARSTAD and Miss THoRBJØRNSEN. 1930. No. 4· SCANDINAVIAN TRINUCLE!DAE 7 HISTORICAL REVIEW The literature concerning the Trinucleidae is very copious. BARRANDE (r8.sz p. 6og) gives a vi ew of the same up to r8so. Trinudeus occurs already in the first work on Trilobites by LHWYD r6g8. In the years from r8zo-r8so a num ber of papers were written about Trinucleus. W AHLEN­ BERG (r8zr) described the first Trinucleid from Sweden. He was fo llowed by DALMAN (r8z6) and HrsrNGER (r837). In Norway BoECK (r827, 1838 P. I +3) mentions 4 species of Trinucleids. He on ly used the names of the species which were: granulatus WAHL., ornatus or tesselatus. STERNB., trinudeum, SARS et BoECK and. bronni, SARS et BoEcK. T. bronni was a new spec1es. The description is very brief. The species has only two rows of pits on the fringe. This indicates Trin. coscinorinus described by ANGELIN (r8sr-s4l· ANGELIN does not mention the description of BoECK.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Succession of Depositional Environments in the Mid-Ordovician Section at Crown Point, New York
    A SUCCESSION OF DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS IN THE MID-ORDOVICIAN SECTION AT CROWN POINT, NEW YORK Brewster Baldwin 1 and Lucy E. Harding Department of Geology Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753 Introduction The Crown Point section, exposed at the Crown Point State Historic Site, is a wonderful place for using fossils, sedimentary textures and structures, and lithologies to interpret changing environments of deposition. Formations exposed in the 120 meter (400 feet) thick section include the Crown Point, Valcour, Orwell, and Glens Falls limestones, deposited between about 458-444 million years ago on the eastern margin of North America. The rocks record the onset of the continent-arc collision known as the Taconic Orogeny. The lower half of the section records deposition on a slowly subsiding, passive continental margin. The upper half records a swift transition to deeper water environments as the continental margin entered the subduction zone. At Crown Point these rocks comprise a homoclinal section dipping about 8 degrees to the west-northwest. The Middlebury College geology department uses the Crown Point section as a field exercise for both first- and second-year geology students. Their field trip as well as yours consists of a walking tour beginning about 500 meters southeast of Fort Crown Point, heading towards and through the Fort, and then continuing west for about 200 meters along the Lake Champlain shoreline. We will visit most of the lettered stations shown on the index and air photo maps (Figs. 1 and 2). The lettered stations are also shown on the detailed columnar section (Fig. 3) and the student columnar section (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • 001-012 Primeras Páginas
    PUBLICACIONES DEL INSTITUTO GEOLÓGICO Y MINERO DE ESPAÑA Serie: CUADERNOS DEL MUSEO GEOMINERO. Nº 9 ADVANCES IN TRILOBITE RESEARCH ADVANCES IN TRILOBITE RESEARCH IN ADVANCES ADVANCES IN TRILOBITE RESEARCH IN ADVANCES planeta tierra Editors: I. Rábano, R. Gozalo and Ciencias de la Tierra para la Sociedad D. García-Bellido 9 788478 407590 MINISTERIO MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA DE CIENCIA E INNOVACIÓN E INNOVACIÓN ADVANCES IN TRILOBITE RESEARCH Editors: I. Rábano, R. Gozalo and D. García-Bellido Instituto Geológico y Minero de España Madrid, 2008 Serie: CUADERNOS DEL MUSEO GEOMINERO, Nº 9 INTERNATIONAL TRILOBITE CONFERENCE (4. 2008. Toledo) Advances in trilobite research: Fourth International Trilobite Conference, Toledo, June,16-24, 2008 / I. Rábano, R. Gozalo and D. García-Bellido, eds.- Madrid: Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, 2008. 448 pgs; ils; 24 cm .- (Cuadernos del Museo Geominero; 9) ISBN 978-84-7840-759-0 1. Fauna trilobites. 2. Congreso. I. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, ed. II. Rábano,I., ed. III Gozalo, R., ed. IV. García-Bellido, D., ed. 562 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without permission in writing from the publisher. References to this volume: It is suggested that either of the following alternatives should be used for future bibliographic references to the whole or part of this volume: Rábano, I., Gozalo, R. and García-Bellido, D. (eds.) 2008. Advances in trilobite research. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of the Middle Ordovician Copenhagen Formation and Its Trilobites in Nevada
    Distribution of the Middle Ordovician Copenhagen Formation and its Trilobites in Nevada GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 749 Distribution of the Middle Ordovician Copenhagen Formation and its Trilobites in Nevada By REUBEN JAMES ROSS, JR., and FREDERICK C. SHAW GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 749 Descriptions of Middle Ordovician trilobites belonging to 21 genera contribute to correlations between similar strata in Nevada) California) and 0 klahoma UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1972 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. lVIOR TON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 78-190301 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 70 cents (paper cover) Stock Number 2401-2109 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract ______________________________ -------------------------------------------------- 1 Descriptions of trilobites __________________________________________________ _ 14 Introduction ________________________________________________________________________ _ 1 Genus T1·iarth1·us Green, 1832 .... ------------------------------ 14 Previous investigations _____________________________________________ _ 1 Genus Carrickia Tripp, 1965 ____________________________________ _ 14 Acknowledgments-------------------------------------------------------· 1 Genus Hypodicranotus Whittington, 1952 _____________ _ 15 Geographic occurrences of the Copenhagen Genus Robergia Wiman, 1905·----------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • The Middle Ordovician of the Oslo Region, Norway, 31. the Upper Caradoc Trilobites and Brachiopods from Vestbråten, Ringerike
    The Middle Ordovician of the Oslo Region, Norway, 31. The upper Caradoc trilobites and brachiopods from Vestbråten, Ringerike ALAN W. OWEN & DAVID A. T. HARPER Owen, A· W. & Harper, D.A. T.: The Middle Ordovician of the Oslo Region, Norway, 31. The upper Caradoc trilobites and brachiopods from Vestbråten, Ringerike. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Vol. 62, pp. 95-120, Oslo 1982. ISSN 0029-196X. The Norderhov Formation (new term) at Vestbråten, Ringerike, contains a diverse shelly fauna including 11 species of trilobites and 14 of brachiopods. These are described and indicate an approximate age of Woolstonian to early Actonian for the strata here. A. W. Owen & D.A. T. Harper, Department of Geo/ogy, The University, Dundee DDI 4HN, Scot/and. The Ordovician succession in Ringerike is poorly tended in conjunction with other workers to cov­ exposed and localities yielding large diverse shel­ er the Ordovician of the entire Oslo Region. The ly faunas are rare. An exception is Vestbråten present authors are mapping the Ringerike suc­ (NM65555960), some 11 km south-south-west of cession in the light of the revised terminology Hønefoss. Although the present surface outcrop and here name the unit containing the rocks at is very restricted, the collections in the Paleonto­ Vestbråten, the Norderhov Formation. The for­ logisk Museum, Oslo from here comprise one of mation comprises a few tens of metres of green­ the !argest samples from a single locality in the grey calcareous shales with subsidiary limestone Ordovician of the whole Oslo Region. The richly nodules and its stratotype is designated as being fossiliferous shales and limestone lenses at Vest­ at Norderhov (NM71106655).
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Trilobite Body Patterning
    ANRV309-EA35-14 ARI 20 March 2007 15:54 The Evolution of Trilobite Body Patterning Nigel C. Hughes Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2007. 35:401–34 Key Words First published online as a Review in Advance on Trilobita, trilobitomorph, segmentation, Cambrian, Ordovician, January 29, 2007 diversification, body plan The Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences is online at earth.annualreviews.org Abstract This article’s doi: The good fossil record of trilobite exoskeletal anatomy and on- 10.1146/annurev.earth.35.031306.140258 togeny, coupled with information on their nonbiomineralized tis- Copyright c 2007 by Annual Reviews. sues, permits analysis of how the trilobite body was organized and All rights reserved developed, and the various evolutionary modifications of such pat- 0084-6597/07/0530-0401$20.00 terning within the group. In several respects trilobite development and form appears comparable with that which may have charac- terized the ancestor of most or all euarthropods, giving studies of trilobite body organization special relevance in the light of recent advances in the understanding of arthropod evolution and devel- opment. The Cambrian diversification of trilobites displayed mod- Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2007.35:401-434. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org ifications in the patterning of the trunk region comparable with by UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA - RIVERSIDE LIBRARY on 05/02/07. For personal use only. those seen among the closest relatives of Trilobita. In contrast, the Ordovician diversification of trilobites, although contributing greatly to the overall diversity within the clade, did so within a nar- rower range of trunk conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Classic Upper Ordovician Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Eastern Cincinnati Arch
    International Geoscience Programme Project 653 Third Annual Meeting - Athens, Ohio, USA Field Trip Guidebook THE CLASSIC UPPER ORDOVICIAN STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE EASTERN CINCINNATI ARCH Carlton E. Brett – Kyle R. Hartshorn – Allison L. Young – Cameron E. Schwalbach – Alycia L. Stigall International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Project 653 Third Annual Meeting - 2018 - Athens, Ohio, USA Field Trip Guidebook THE CLASSIC UPPER ORDOVICIAN STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE EASTERN CINCINNATI ARCH Carlton E. Brett Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, 2624 Clifton Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA ([email protected]) Kyle R. Hartshorn Dry Dredgers, 6473 Jayfield Drive, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, USA ([email protected]) Allison L. Young Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, 2624 Clifton Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA ([email protected]) Cameron E. Schwalbach 1099 Clough Pike, Batavia, OH 45103, USA ([email protected]) Alycia L. Stigall Department of Geological Sciences and OHIO Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, 316 Clippinger Lab, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA ([email protected]) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We extend our thanks to the many colleagues and students who have aided us in our field work, discussions, and publications, including Chris Aucoin, Ben Dattilo, Brad Deline, Rebecca Freeman, Steve Holland, T.J. Malgieri, Pat McLaughlin, Charles Mitchell, Tim Paton, Alex Ries, Tom Schramm, and James Thomka. No less gratitude goes to the many local collectors, amateurs in name only: Jack Kallmeyer, Tom Bantel, Don Bissett, Dan Cooper, Stephen Felton, Ron Fine, Rich Fuchs, Bill Heimbrock, Jerry Rush, and dozens of other Dry Dredgers. We are also grateful to David Meyer and Arnie Miller for insightful discussions of the Cincinnatian, and to Richard A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Middle Ordovician Strata
    "MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY - S01.J'l'HERN LAKE CHAMPLAIN V.ALLEY" Bruce W. Selleck Colgate University David MacLean Con-Test, Inc. Introduction: The Middle Ordovician strata (Chazy, Black River and Trenton Groups) of the Champ lain Valley record the l atter stages of passive margin deposition on the early Paleozoic continental margin of eastern North American. The onset of foredeep deve lopment, in response to loading of this portion of the continental margin during the late Medial Ordovician Taconic orogeny, in also recorded in the this section by development of generally deepening - upward facies patterns in the Black River and Trenton Gr oups . The goals of this trip a r e to examine these units in the Southern Champlain Valley, interpret the depositional environments represented, and to assess the importance of tectonic controls upon regional facies patterns. Regional Stratigraphic Framework: The bedrock geology of the Lake Champlain Valley is dominated by Cambrian and Ordovician platform strata. The abundance of exposure in the area, the relative ease of access and ear ly settl ement account for the long history of geological study in the region. Early worke rs recognized that the Pa leozoic rock units in northern and eastern New York consisted of basal sandstones (Potsdam Sandstone of Emmons, 1842) overlying h ighly deformed metamorphic basement (Grenvillian metamorphic terrain) . Basal sandstones are succeeded by mixed quartz sandstones and dolostones (Calciferous Sandrock of Emmons, 1842 and Ma ther , 1843; later included in the Beekmantown Group by Clarke and Schuchert, 1899). The Beekmantown Group is overlain by younger calcite limestones (Chazy of Emmons, 1842; Black River of Vanuxem , 1842 and Trenton Group of Conrad, 1837).
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa, the Marjuman Trilobite Cedarina Lochman: Thoracic
    Zootaxa 2218: 35–58 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) The Marjuman trilobite Cedarina Lochman: thoracic morphology, systematics, and new species from western Utah and eastern Nevada, USA JONATHAN M. ADRAIN1, SHANAN E. PETERS2 & STEPHEN R. WESTROP3 1Department of Geoscience, 121 Trowbridge Hall, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1215 W. Dayton St., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. E-mail:[email protected] 3Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73072, USA. E-mail:[email protected] Abstract Cedarina schachti n. sp. from the Marjuman (Cedaria Zone) Weeks Formation of western Utah, USA, provides the first information on thoracic morphology within the genus. Its thorax is radically different from those of species of Cedaria Walcott, with which Cedarina Lochman has been classified in Cedariidae Raymond, but strikingly similar to those of plesiomorphic remopleuridoideans grouped in the paraphyletic Richardsonellinae Raymond. If Cedarina and the remopleuridoideans are genuinely related it follows that 1) Cedariidae as traditionally conceived is paraphyletic; 2) Cedarina is a plesiomorphic sister taxon of the remopleuridoideans; and 3) the remopleuridoideans are not a component of the Order Asaphida. Silicified material of a second new species, C. clevensis from the Marjuman (Crepicephalus Zone) Lincoln Peak Formation of eastern Nevada, confirms the presence of a long thoracic axial spine and provides the first information on ontogenetic development and ventral morphology within the genus.
    [Show full text]
  • ? ? ? ? ? Earth's History Regents Review
    The cross section below shows a rock sequence Which event in Earth’s history was dependent that has not been overturned. on the development of a certain type of life- form? (1) addition of free oxygen to Earth’s atmosphere (2) formation of clastic sedimentary rocks (3) movement of tectonic plates (4) filling of the oceans by precipitation How old is a fossil that has radioactively decayed through 4 half-lives of carbon-14? (1) 5,700 years (3) 22,800 years (2) 17,100 years (4) 28,500 years Which event occurred last at this location? (1) Shale was deposited. (2) Glacial till was deposited. (3) Basaltic lava flows solidified. (4) Glossopteris flourished and then became extinct. During which two geologic time periods did Which geologic event occurred in New York most of the surface bedrock of the Taconic State at approximately the same time that Mountains form? eurypterids were becoming extinct? (1) Cambrian and Ordovician (1) the opening of the Atlantic Ocean (2) Silurian and Devonian (2) the uplift of the Appalachian Mountains (3) Pennsylvanian and Mississippian (3) the formation of the Catskill Delta (4) Triassic and Jurassic (4) the intrusion of the Palisades Sill Interactive Format Completed by Paul Wiech Which graph best represents human existence on The graph below shows the extinction rate of Earth, compared with Earth’s entire history? organisms on Earth during the last 600 million years. Letters A through D represent mass extinctions. Which letter indicates when dinosaurs became extinct? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D Alternating parallel
    [Show full text]
  • Early Terrestrial Animals, Evolution, and Uncertainty
    Evo Edu Outreach (2011) 4:489–501 DOI 10.1007/s12052-011-0357-y ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Early Terrestrial Animals, Evolution, and Uncertainty Russell J. Garwood & Gregory D. Edgecombe Published online: 24 August 2011 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 Abstract Early terrestrial ecosystems record a fascinating accurate, the associated online comments section provided transition in the history of life. Animals and plants had unfortunate contrast. The first entry was a typically trivial and previously lived only in the oceans, but, starting approxi- superficial anti-evolutionist’s jibe regarding these arachnids: mately 470 million years ago, began to colonize the “they look just like spiders do today. 300 million years and no previously barren continents. This paper provides an change. […] Kind of hard on the old evolution theory isn’tit?” introduction to this period in life’s history, first presenting When the comment’s author was asked to expand on his background information, before focusing on one animal beliefs, the response was an entirely predictable: “Why do I group, the arthropods. It gives examples of the organisms have to come up with an alternative for your useless theory?” living in early terrestrial communities and then outlines a This altercation encapsulates perfectly a common crea- suite of adaptations necessary for survival in harsh tionist mindset, one based on cursory (and often incorrect) terrestrial environments. Emphasis is placed on the role of observations coupled with complete ignorance (or at best uncertainty in science; this is an integral part of the patchy understanding) of the scientific context framing an scientific process, yet is often seized upon by god-of-the- argument.
    [Show full text]
  • Acastidae, 305 Acastidae Delo, 304–305 Acritarchs, 365 Cluster
    Index Page numbers in italic denote figures. Page numbers in bold denote tables. Acastidae, 305 Asteroids, 178–179 Acastidae Delo, 304–305 Asterozoans, 177–179 acritarchs, 365 Asteroids, 178–179 cluster analysis, 387 Ophiuroids, 178 Acrocephalitidae, 325 palaeobiogeography of Ordovician echinoderms, 177–179 actinocerids, 433, 437, 440 Somasteroids, 177–178 adaptive radiation of vertebrates in Ordovician, 451–452 Astropolichnus hispanicus (Crimes, Legg, Marcos and Arboleya), 45 biogeography of Ordovician vertebrates, 451–452 Atdabanian Stage, palaeogeographical distribution, 61 climatic context of Ordovician vertebrates, 452 Aulacopleurida, 311 palaeobiogeography of Early Palaeozoic vertebrates, 451–452 Aulacopleurida Adrain, 312–317 Aeronian cluster and ordination tests, 209 Family Aulacopleuridae Angelin, 312–313 Aeronian-Telychian, 209–210 Family Bathyuridae Walcott, 313–314 Afghanistan palaeogeographical units, 279 Family Brachymetopidae Prantl & Prˇibyl, 314 Afghanodesmatids Ordovician distributions, 224 Family Dimeropygidae Hupe, 314 agnathans, 449, 455 Family Holotrachelidae Warburg, 314–315 Alai terrane Family Hystricuridae Hupe, 315 fossils, 279 Family Rorringtoniidae Owens in Owens & Hamann, 315–316 trilobite, 283–284 Family Scharysiidae Osmo´lska, 316 Alaskan areas, 213–214 Family Telephinidae Marek, 316–317 Alsataspididae, 320 synopsis of Ordovician trilobite distribution and diversity, 312–317 Alsataspididae Turner, 319–320 Aulacopleuridae Altai-Sayan area, palaeogeographical units, 276 global taxonomic richness, 313 Ambonychids,
    [Show full text]
  • Memorial to Leif St0rmer 1905-1979
    Memorial to Leif St0rmer 1905-1979 H . B. W H I T T I N G T O N Department of Geology, Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge CB2 3EQ England Leif St^rm er was born in Kristiania (the City of Oslo since 1924), Norway, and began his studies in the Univer- sity of Oslo in 1923. His father, F. C. St^rmer, was Professor of M athem atics in the University and was also internationally known for his research on the Northern Lights. The young St^rm er was inspired by his father’s eminent colleagues, particularly the geologist W. C. Br0gger and the zoologist G. O. Sars. St^rm er’s interest in the lower Paleozoic rocks and fossils of the Oslo dis­ trict was revealed in a paper published when he was 15 years old on Lower Ordovician trilobites, and continued with a life-long series of papers on Cambrian and Ordo­ vician trilobites and graptolites. He gained international recognition for his 1930 study on Scandinavian trinucleid trilobites (for which he received his doctorate). He not only described and beautifully illustrated old and new species, but investigated the exoskele- tal structures, illustrated variation in numbers of pits in the fringe with histograms, and discussed evolution and mode of life. His zoological training had included taking part in an oceanographic expedition to West Greenland in 1924, and subsequently he stressed the importance of such training when interpreting fossils. In order to understand the environ­ ment in which the fossils occurred, and their relationships in time, he studied the stratigraphy of the Oslo district, publishing an account of it in 1945, which was revised in 1956 in preparation for the 1960 International Congress in Nordern, and again in 1966.
    [Show full text]