BIKE SENSE A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists

A Publication of the Georgia Department of Transportation Georgia BIKE SENSE A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists

This manual is intended to serve as a guide to help both motorists and cyclists safely share the road, and to help adult cyclists, and young cyclists and their parents, better understand how to ride safely and legally on trails, streets, and high- ways in Georgia. It also includes safety suggestions that are not covered by Georgia traffic law. This manual is not to be considered a legal authority for bicycle safety, nor is it intended to be a source to cite in a court of law. Local traffic regulations in some cities, towns, and counties may vary somewhat from state

law, provided they do not conflict with Photo: Bikes Belong state law.

A PDF file of this document is available on the Georgia Department of Transportation web site at www.dot.state.ga.us. For printed copies, contact: State Bicycle & Pedestrian Coordinator Georgia Department of Transportation 2 Capitol Square , Georgia 30334 404-657-6692 • [email protected] Comments and suggestions for future versions of this manual are welcome. An updated listing of Georgia clubs, organizations, and cycling resources is available by visiting the Bicycle/Pedestrian page on the Georgia Department of Transportation web site at: www.dot.state.ga.us Click on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation. Please submit any new club or organizational listings, as well as contact information for existing groups through the web site.

Copyright 2005 by the Georgia Department of Transportation. Permission is given to quote and reproduce parts of this document for public educational purposes if credit is given to the source. The information provided in “Georgia BIKE SENSE” is not legal advice. The information provided in this public guide is provided solely for general interest, applies to general principles of law, and may not reflect current legal developments or statutory changes in various jurisdic- tions and therefore should not be relied upon or interpreted as legal advice. This Guide was funded through the federal Transportation Enhancement Program. The Georgia Department of Transportation would like to thank the State Transportation Board and the Federal Highway Administration for making these funds available for the development Georgia and printing of this Guide. The Georgia Department of Transportation is grateful to all of the individuals and organizations BIKE SENSE listed below who contributed to the content and production of this guide, providing time, A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists photos, resources, and information: @ the Hub Bicycles (Athens, Georgia): Brian Molloy Athens Transit: Butch McDuffie TABLE OF CONTENTS Atlanta Bicycle Campaign: Dennis Hoffarth Bicycle Ride Across Georgia (BRAG): Jerry Colley, Miles McClelland 5 Introduction BikeAthens: Sandy Cederbaum, Paul Quick, Peter Norris, Kes Roberts, Amanda Worthington Bikes Belong: Ray Keener 7 Choose a Bike That's Right For You Georgia Bikes!: David Crites Georgia Dept. of Economic Development: Kathleen Kern Hardison 10 Equipment and Gear Georgia Transit Association: Kermina Haynes Kenneth A. Rosskopf, P.C. 16 Riding in Difficult or Unusual Conditions MARTA: Kelly Mills PATH Foundation: Ed McBrayer 20 Motorists and Cyclists: Sharing Georgia's Roads Research Media (University of Georgia): Mark Dodson, Krysia Haag Southern Bicycle League: Ellen Sharp 22 Riding in Traffic State Bicycle & Pedestrian Advisory Committee

32 Riding With Other Cyclists This guide also draws from some excellent cycling information previously published online and in print in the United States and Canada: 36 What to Do If a Crash Occurs Colorado Department of Transportation Bicycle and Pedestrian Program: Colorado Bicycling Manual 38 Bicycling for Transportation Greater Victoria Cycling Coalition: The British Columbia Bicycle Operators Manual About the cover: BikeAthens cyclists travel through League of American Bicyclists: www.bikeleague.org 50 Riding on Paved Paths downtown Athens, near the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition: University of Georgia. Bicycle Resource Guide 54 Cycling with Kids Photo: Wendy Giminski, Massachusetts Bicycle Coalition: www.massbike.org Research Media. Oregon Bicycle and Pedestrian Safety Program: 60 National and Regional Cycling Organizations Oregon Bicyclists Manual Paul Dorn's Bicycle Commuting Pages: www.runmuki.com/commute/ 62 Georgia Bicycle Laws Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center: www.bicyclinginfo.org Production: Project Manager: Amy R. Goodwin, State Bicycle and Pedestrian Coordinator, Georgia Department of Transportation has a web site dedicated to Georgia Department of Transportation. bicycle and pedestrian issues: Editing, research, design and production: Mark Dodson www.dot.state.ga.us (Research Media, University of Georgia • www.media.uga.edu) Contributing writers: Mark Dodson, David Crites (Georgia Bikes!), Click on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation. It includes bicycle Paul Quick (BikeAthens), Kenneth A. Rosskopf route maps, links to statewide cycling organizations, and news and Traffic diagrams: Colorado Department of Transportation updates on recent meetings and events. For more information, email the Contributing photographers: Krysia Haag, Mark Dodson, Wendy Giminski (Research Media), State Bicycle & Pedestrian Coordinator at [email protected] Miles McClelland, Atiba Mbiwan (BRAG), Kelly Mills (MARTA), Paul Quick (BikeAthens), Preston Tyree (Community Mobility Institute) Introduction

Georgia is a great place for cycling. Like other southern states, it has a moderate climate that makes cycling an attractive option for both recreation and transportation all year-round. Georgia is also unique in its varied terrain. Cycling in the mountains of northern Georgia pres- ents different challenges than the flat coastal regions to the south. This guide covers a wide range of situations and conditions you’ll likely encounter Photo: Miles McClelland, BRAG while cycling here. It also stresses the state, and you will find contact infor- importance of taking safety precau- mation for these groups in this guide. tions and following the rules of the The Georgia Department of road. Transportation and local jurisdictions Cycling provides many benefits to are working hard to improve cycling both individuals and communities conditions in all parts of the state. around the state. In addition to exer- With the help of transportation plan- cise and better health, using bicycles ners and input from cycling advocates, for errands and commuting helps to many roads and facilities are being reduce traffic congestion and improve built or upgraded to better accom- air quality. Those who commute by modate bicycles. These improvements Lance Armstrong, 2004 Tour de Georgia bicycle to work or school also benefit will make it easier for cyclists and champion, with the winner's trophy. The from reduced costs for parking, auto- motorists to safely share the road. annual multi-day stage race draws a strong mobile maintenance, and insurance. Whether you’re a beginner or an field of the professional racers from Spectators and participants visit- experienced rider, this guide provides around the world. ing Georgia for cycling events are an overview of how you can ride more generating significant contributions to safely and effectively. In addition to local economies all over the state. The equipment and riding techniques, Bicycle Ride Across Georgia (BRAG), there are references throughout to one of the larger cross-state tours in Georgia traffic law and how it applies the country, consistently draws about to cyclists. 2,000 riders each summer. The Tour The Georgia Department of de Georgia multi-day stage race draws Transportation is committed to a strong field of the top professional keeping our roads safe for pedestrians, racers from around the world. A wide cyclists, and motorists. By incorporat- range of recreational rides and tours, ing the safe cycling practices covered many benefiting charities, are held within, cyclists can build better throughout Georgia from early spring relationships with motorists and make through the autumn months each Georgia’s roads safer and more enjoy- year. Road riding and mountain bik- able for everyone. ing organizations are active across the

Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 7 Choose a Bike That’s Right For You

Select a bike suited for the Mountain bikes: These are terrain and the type of riding you’ll among the most popular bikes be doing. There are several sold today. They feature a more varieties to choose from. Your upright riding position and do not local bike shop is the best place to have the drop handlebars common begin shopping. They stock many to road bikes. They’re primarily different types of bikes and have set up for off-road use, especially professionals who can make sure when equipped with shocks and you’re getting a frame size that’s fat knobby tires. They are usually the proper fit. Below are some equipped with a third chain ring up details on common styles of bikes. front that allows the rider to access some extra lower gears for climbing. Road bikes: Designed for road While these are often seen on the riding, there are several variations road, mountain bikes are slower and available. Racing and training bikes less efficient on paved surfaces. are built for speed. Touring bikes have a longer wheelbase and are Hybrids: A cross between a road set up to haul the extra weight of and mountain bike, these are good gear needed for trips of several days for urban or paved trail riding. or more. They frequently include They provide a more comfortable places to attach panniers and acces- upright riding position, similar to

Photo: Miles McClelland, BRAG sories. Most road bikes have drop a mountain bike, and are equipped handlebars that make Road bikes (above) are built for a lower, less upright, for riding on paved roads riding position. This and are ideal for touring or is considered advanta- recreational riding. geous for covering dis- Hybrids (right) combine some tances and riding into features of road and mountain the wind. bikes. Their upright riding position and bigger tires make them ideal for urban riding and commuting.

Mountain bikes with fat tires and suspension are excellent for riding off road on Georgia's unpaved trails.

Photo: Mark Dodson Photo courtesy of Bikes Belong

8 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 9 with slightly wider tires than a road produced like ordinary bikes, you bike, which provides a more may need to search out a shop or comfortable ride on rough dealer who specifically handles or pavement or gravel. Hybrids are sells them. functional for road use also, but are not as fast or efficient as road bikes Tandems. Tandems are popular on smooth pavement. and seen frequently on rides and tours around

Recumbents: Shopping for Georgia. Riding with These look quite a bike? another person is a great different than way to share the cycling traditional bikes. Your local bike shop experience. They have a reclin- is the best place to shop for bicycles and ing seat and sit Choose what's best accessories. lower to the ground for you. Set up your bike with the pedals to fit the type of riding you’ll out in front of the rider instead of be doing most. Urban commut- below. It is recommended to have a ers will have different needs than flag attached to the back to improve those doing fast training rides or visibility. Generally regarded as fast- off-road trail riding. Your local bike er on flats and downhills, they’re shop can show you different types ridden mostly by recreational riders. of bikes and accessories to choose Because recumbents are not mass- from. Tandems can accomodate two riders (above) or sometimes even more (below). Photos: Miles McClelland, BRAG Recumbents (above) are becoming more popular and are built for comfort and speed.

10 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 11 WRONG RIGHT Equipment and Gear Riding safely and comfortably Brakes. Both the front and with less tread are used on hybrids should be your highest priority. the rear brakes need to be in good and road bikes and are better suited working order and adjusted prop- for road riding. Inflate tires to the

Proper fit. erly. You should be able to bring manufacturers’ recommended pres- Ilustrations: Krysia Haag A bike that’s the right size will your bike to a quick, safe stop. In sure. Tires tend to lose air pressure tilted too high to Front of helmet sits lower, protect the forehead. protecting the forehead. be safer, more comfortable, and fact, Georgia law requires brakes over time, so check the pressure more efficient. Be sure to select a that will bring the bike to a skid- every week or so. frame that fits you. Before riding ding stop. Over time, cables may any bike, be sure you can straddle need to be adjusted and brake pads Safety gear and accessories The strap is adjusted your frame while standing. There replaced. Wet rims can compromise Whether you’re riding on- or properly when a finger should be a couple of inches of braking power. Allow extra distance off-road, you’ll be safer and more can fit between the clearance between the crotch and to brake in wet conditions. comfortable with some basic safety lower strap and your top tube. The best way to make sure gear and accessories. Here are some chin. you fit a bike properly is to have a important items to have. GEORGIA 40-6-296 (b) Every bike shop use a fit kit to check all LAW bicycle sold or operated the measurements. shall be equipped with . Always wear a bicycle a brake which will enable the helmet whenever you ride, which Be sure your bike is in operator to make the braked can reduce your chance of a seri- good working condition. wheels skid on dry, level pavement. ous head or brain injury by 85%. To ride safely and efficiently, it is Helmets made for U.S. sale after Replace your helmet if it absorbs an important to be sure all your equip- 1999 must meet the U.S. Consumer impact in a crash, even if it does not ment is operating smoothly and Gears. Have your gears adjusted Product Safety Commission stan- appear to be damaged. properly. Have a bicycle mechanic so you can smoothly shift through dard. Look for a sticker certifying check over your bike to make sure your entire range of gears. You safety by CPSC, ASTM, or Snell. Fit your helmet correctly. The it’s road worthy if it hasn't been should be able to shift the chain to Snell’s B-95 standard is slightly front of the helmet should rest ridden in a while. all of the possible combinations. higher than the rest. about an inch or less above the eye- Your local bike shop can help with Bicycle helmets are available at brows on the forehead. adjustments. Middle and north bike shops, sporting goods stores, A helmet tilted upward from this Georgia have hilly terrain, and and large retailers. Do not wear a position increases the likelihood of you’ll benefit by having a wide helmet made for sports other than injury in a crash. A common mis- range of gears. You may want to cycling. These are designed and take is to tilt the front of the helmet consider a third front chain ring, tested for other types of impact. up too high, which leaves the fore- sometimes called a “granny gear,” head vulnerable. that will provide additional lower A helmet should be snug 40-6-296 (e)(1) No person gears if you’ll be riding in hilly GEORGIA but not excessively tight. under the age of 16 years shall terrain. LAW Position the strap adjust- operate or be a passenger on a ers directly below the ears. bicycle on a highway, bicycle path, or sidewalk Tires. Choose tires designed Tighten straps to where a under the jurisdiction or control of this state for the type of riding you plan to finger can fit between the or any local political subdivision thereof with-

Krysia Haag, Research Media do. Wide knobby tires, which are strap and your chin. out wearing a bicycle helmet. Be sure you can stand flat footed with some standard equipment for mountain clearance above the top tube. bikes, are designed for dirt trails and unpaved surfaces. Thinner tires

12 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 13 D r e s s e d t o r i d e :

Photo: Mark Dodson A c y c l i s t e q u i p p e d f o r c o m f o r t , s a f e t y, a n d v i s i b i l i t y. Helmet synthetic fibers, which tend to wick moisture away rather than retain it. Many manufacturers now make loose-fit and baggy with Bright colored padding for those who prefer an alternative to the traditional black lycra style. To e c l i p s o r c l i p l e s s p e d a l s y s t e m s w i l l k e e p y o u r f o o t i n p o s i t i o n o n t h e p e d a l a n d p r o v i d e m o r e l e v e r a g e . S h o e s a n d p e d a l s . At the very least, wear an enclosed while riding. and open Vi s i b l e C l o t h i n g . Wear bright leave your feet vulnerable to injury colors while riding, especially on in a crash. As a novice, it’ll be easi- Other Useful the road and in traffic. Bright or est to start with a plain flat pedal Accessories fluorescent yellow and orange are and common athletic . As you excellent choices. White is better gain experience and confidence, than darker colors. Avoid black and you’ll likely want to graduate to toe gray, as well as dark shades of green, clips or clipless pedals, which attach brown or blue, which tend to blend to special cycling shoes via a cleat. with the landscape and are much Cycling shoes tend to have stiffer more difficult to see. Lack of vis- soles, which helps provide extra ibility is one of the leading factors leverage as you pedal. Toe clips are in crashes. It is not uncommon for the next step up from a plain flat a motorist to say, “I just didn’t see pedal. The “clip” will hold the front them.” of your foot in place on the pedal, resulting in a more efficient motion C y c l i n g G l o v e s . Warm-weather and more power to the drive . cycling gloves are fingerless and Clipless pedals are the choice of have padding to cushion the vibra- many experienced cyclists. A pair tion from the handlebars. Cold- of cycling shoes is fitted with a weather gloves are somewhat heavi- cleat that attaches directly to your er with full fingers. Gloves also pedal. There are several styles and provide some protection to your manufacturers. If you’re making hands if you fall. the switch to a toe clip or clipless Cycling system, allow yourself some time to shoes C y c l i n g s h o r t s . If you’re riding practice in a parking lot or residen- regularly or doing anything more tial street before heading out into extensive than short trips, you’ll traffic. It takes some time to get find cycling shorts to be more accustomed to getting your feet in Photo: Krysia Haag comfortable. They have built-in and out of clipless pedals. • R e a r- v i e w m i r r o r padding and are made of lycra or • C y c l i n g g l o v e s • H e a d l i g h t

14 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 15 Stay hydrated: Carrying water is essential, especially in warm weather. Carry these tools and Water bottles are easily carried on the Spare tire tube bike frame (top). Some riders prefer supplies on your bike the extra capacity of hydration packs they can wear on their backs for Frame pump Multi-tool longer rides (below).

required by Georgia law when riding at night. Rear reflectors will help to make you more visible in traffic dur- ing low light or night rides, and are also required by Georgia law. Red tail lights are also helpful. Several Photos: Mark Dodson manufacturers make tail lights that will display either flashing or solid red. These are lightweight and easy to carry, and can be easily detached from the bike when not in use. Tire levers to remove tire from rim Patch kit Rear-view mirror. For road riding, a rear-view mirror ranks up there with a helmet in terms of • Water bottle. A must in warm your chances of being stranded if safety. With a bit of practice, you’ll weather to stay hydrated, and can you have a flat tire or mechani- be able to glance down and moni- also be used as a spraying device to cal problem. A small saddlebag tor vehicles approaching from the deter aggressive dogs. attached to the seat post is a good rear without having to turn and • A cell phone. Useful if you need place to carry them. Here is a look over your shoulder. A mirror to call for help, especially in an basic list: typically attaches to the handlebars emergency. • Spare tire tube Safety gear and accessories or your helmet. Do not depend • Some quarters and a couple • Tire patch kit Lights and reflectors. A white solely on a mirror for lane changes of dollar bills. If you don’t have a headlight visible from 300 feet is – always look over your shoulder cell phone, you may be able to find • Pump (small portable, recommended when riding in low- and scan behind before making a a pay phone if you need help. Cash attaches to frame) visibility conditions (fog, dusk) and lateral move. could buy a drink if you run low on • Set of two or three tire levers water, or a snack if you’re hungry. Important safety-related items Stash these somewhere with your • A compact “multi-tool” that con- 40-6-296 (a) Every bicycle when in tains a few hex wrenches, socket GEORGIA to carry with you tool kit and they’ll be there if you LAW use at nighttime shall be equipped need them. wrenches, and a flat-blade screw- with a light on the front which shall These small items could be very driver. • An extra energy bar. On a longer emit a white light visible from a distance of 300 useful, especially in unusual or ride, something edible if you get feet to the front and with a red reflector on the emergency situations. Have these There are many variations of the with you in an easily accessible hungry or tired could make a big “multi-tool” on the market, includ- rear of a type approved by the Department of difference. Motor Vehicle Safety which shall be visible from place. ing some more complex versions a distance of 300 feet to the rear when directly • Identification. If you’re in a crash, with more tools. Your local bike in front of lawful upper beams of headlights on or issued a traffic citation, this will On-board tools and supplies shop is likely to have several to a motor vehicle. A light emitting a red light vis- be important to have. Carrying some basic tools and choose from. ible from a distance of 300 feet to the rear may • Emergency contact info. Name supplies on your bike will reduce be used in addition to the red reflector. and phone number for someone to contact in an emergency.

16 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 17 Riding in Difficult or Photo: Miles McClelland Unusual Conditions Extra precautions and Staying dry. designed for Limited vision. Keeping rain out adjustments are helpful when cycling have a longer back panel of your eyes and off your will riding in less than ideal that will keep your lower back cov- help you see better. Some helmets conditions. Some suggestions for ered as you’re bent forward over the have built-in sun visors, which are dealing with the more common handlebars. They’ll also help deflect somewhat helpful in rain, but often situations are outlined below. water thrown upward by your rear don’t extend out far enough to do wheel if your bike is not equipped the job. A lightweight golf- or base- Riding in wet weather with rear fenders. Many manufac- ball-type underneath a helmet is There are three main concerns turers are now offering water-resis- more effective. The longer bill works with wet weather: staying dry, being tant jackets that “breathe” to let in well to keep your eyes and glasses visible, and compensating for water some air and help to keep you dry, especially in heavy rain. on the road. comfortable. Most cycling jackets have better ventilation than typical Make yourself visible. Rainy rain gear. Rain pants and shoe conditions tend to reduce visibil- covers can be added to keep your ity for both motorists and cyclists. lower body dry. Bright colored clothing is a must. Slow down and use extra caution when riding Headlights and tail lights should be through standing water. Avoid long -style rain- used also, especially in early morn- as they drop too low and ing or late in the day. Don’t assume can become entangled in spokes or a motorist sees you. Try to make eye brakes. They also lack the ventila- contact with drivers, especially at tion needed to keep you dry. intersections. Preventive maintenance for a wet bike Hooded coats are not recom- Bike handling and riding Riding in wet conditions will mended because movement and technique. Wet weather is likely to tend to wash lubricant off of your visibility can be restricted when you reduce your bike’s braking ability, chain and drive train. At the very turn your head. A helmet cover especially if your braking system least, clean up your chain and apply that fits over the top shell of your uses brake pads on steel rims. Give more lube after riding in the rain. helmet is a safer solution to keeping yourself some extra time to stop, and Moisture on the bike in general your head dry. “wipe” the rims by letting the pads will tend to lead to corrosion or run over them for at least a full revo- rust over time, and moisture can Fenders will prevent your tires lution before applying the brakes corrode bearings in your bottom from splashing water up on you. harder. Aluminum rims or a hub bracket and your wheels. If you’re planning frequent bicycle brake system will be more effective Have a qualified bike mechanic touring, commuting, or running in wet conditions. check these at least every year, and errands during rainy months, these Be wary of metal objects like more frequently if you do a lot of Photo: Miles McClelland would be worth the investment. construction plates in the road wet weather riding. A lightweight cycling can help keep you dry in the event of an unexpected shower.

18 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 19 Photo: Mark Dodson

a water bottle, and make a point to In sub-freezing tempertures, you Point and yell “No.” A cyclist’s drink frequently. More than one will really notice the chill around pedaling motion sometimes bottle is recommended if you’ll be your face and ears. Skullcaps gets dogs excited. Many dogs out for several hours or covering a and are available that under stand this basic command. long distance. As an alternative to fit underneath a bicycle helmet. multiple water bottles, consider a There are shoe covers and arm/ Spray the dog with your water “back pack” style hydration system. knee warmers on the market that bottle. This may startle the dog and These can carry large volumes of can be added to your outer layers. it will back off. But be careful, as Water bottles are essential year-round liquid and have a allowing you Some riders prefer goggles to pro- you’ll be left with only one hand on to stay hydrated. to sip hands-free, giving you the tect their eyes. the handle bar. advantage of carrying lots of fluid and manhole covers. These and freeing you from having to lift Dealing with dogs Commercially available dog will be slick and slippery when and replace a bottle while pedaling. It is likely that at some point repellents, like Halt! can be clipped wet. Moisture can have the same you’ll be chased by a dog while rid- to your shorts or bike for quick effect on some pavement striping. Carry and apply sunscreen. This ing, especially in rural areas. Most access. Puddles pose challenges too, espe- is especially important on longer are not dangerous, but you may cially if you cannot tell how deep rides where you’ll be out in the encounter some who are aggressive. Some dogs may be persistent the water is. They could contain middle of the day or for an Plan ahead to have some tactics in and too fast to outrun. If you need potholes, rocks or debris that you extended period of time. Sunscreen mind. Riders' personal preferences to stop and dismount, keep your cannot see. If you cannot avoid is highly recommended even in vary, but here are several options bike between you and the dog. riding through a puddle, slow cloudy or overcast conditions. you might consider: down and use extra caution. Cold weather. in multiple Temperature extremes lightweight layers rather than one Hot weather riding. Wear light- or two heavy ones. This will give weight clothing. The best choices you the flexibility to shed a layer are newer, breathable fabrics that if you feel too warm during the help to wick away moisture and dry ride. Lycra or polyester based layers quickly. Bike shops and outdoor underneath will help to wick mois- retailers will have these. These are ture and keep you from becoming preferable to cotton, which absorbs chilled. A combination of outer moisture and takes more time to layers could include a heavy cycling dry. Bright colors are preferable as , a jacket, or both. Outerwear you’ll be more visible. that zips up in the front is helpful. You’ll heat up when climbing, so Drink plenty of fluids. It is very opening the zipper can keep you important to stay hydrated, espe- from overheating. Hydration is still cially on warm days, so be sure your important in cool weather, so carry bike is set up with a bracket to hold at least one water bottle.

20 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 21 Motorists and Cyclists: Sharing Georgia's Roads In Georgia, motorists and cyclists you share the road with pedestri- should ride in or near the center share the road. Both have equal ans and bicyclists. Scanning for of the lane to discourage motor- rights and responsibilities to pedestrians and bicyclists should ists from trying to pass them obey all traffic laws. All road be a normal part of your driving without enough clearance. users should show respect and routine as is scanning for other consideration to each other. cars and trucks. Extra care should • Tooting your horn is not recom- be taken when exiting alleys and mended when passing cyclists. Bicycles & Traffic Violations driveways since pedestrians and If you feel that you must, do A cyclist has all the rights and bicyclists may be approaching so in advance of passing, and responsibilities applicable to the from your left and right. from a friendly distance (several A motorist making a right turn should yield to cyclists driver of any other vehicle except hundred feet), not from directly traveling straight through the intersection. when specifically regulated by law At intersections: Bicycles using behind. You could startle cyclists or when certain regulations, by their the road should function much in and they might veer into your nature, cannot apply to bicycles. the same way as traffic. Being slow- path, causing a crash. Cyclists who violate traffic laws er moving vehicles, bicycles stay will be subject to the same penalties to the right most of the time, but • Do not speed ahead and cut a as drivers of motor vehicles, except there are exceptions. For example, cyclist off as you are turning that no penalty points shall be a cyclist can legally move to the right when a cyclist is proceeding assessed against the cyclist’s driver’s left of a lane or into a left turn lane straight through an intersection. license. when preparing to make a left turn. They may not be able to avoid a They may take part or all of the collision with the passenger side Tips for motorists lane. Be patient and allow them to of your vehicle. Motorists also have a responsi- make the turn. When completed, bility to act in ways to make the they’ll be able to move back to the • Do not harass or endanger a roads safer for all users. Please right side of the road giving the cyclist or pedestrian. Harassment, consider the following points as motorist room to pass. which may include threats, Diagrams: Colorado Dept. of Transportation As a motorist, give cyclists some space as you pass. taunting, or intimidation, is a Try to leave at least three feet of clearance. When passing a cyclist: misdemeanor offense (Georgia Aggressive driving and GEORGIA harassment of cyclists • Allow at least three feet Code section 40-6-397 a). Reckless roadway. Be prepared to encounter LAW between your vehicle and the endangerment is also a misde- cyclists using the road. They are 40-6-397 (a) A person commits bicycle. Just as the wind produced meanor offense and involves con- considered vehicles under Georgia the offense of aggressive driving when he or by a passing tractor-trailer can duct which places another person traffic law. she operates any motor vehicle with the intent pull a car off course, so too can at risk of personal injury. (Georgia to annoy, harass, molest, intimidate, injure, a passing car cause a cyclist to Code section 40-6-397 b) Give cyclists extra space as or obstruct another person, including without swerve out of control. you pass. Consider three feet a limitation violating Code Section 40-6-42, 40- Other points to remember minimum. Unless traffic is heavy, 6-48, 40-6-49, 40-6-123, 40-6-184, 40-6- • Be patient and wait until it is Contrary to popular belief, riding it is usually possible for the cyclist 312, or 40-6-390 with such intent. safe to pass, as you would with on sidewalks is not recommended to move a bit more to the right and (b) Any person convicted of aggressive any other slow-moving vehicle. for cyclists and in many areas it the motorist to move out slightly to driving shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of a Be aware that when a road is is illegal. In most cases, cyclists the left. This type of cooperation high and aggravated nature. too narrow for cars and bikes to are not required to use multi-use allows the motorist and the cyclist ride safely side by side, bicyclists paths even if they run alongside the to safely share the road.

22 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 23 40-6-294 (a) Every person operating a bicycle GEORGIA LAW upon a roadway shall ride as near to the right road users. It is in your best side of the roadway as practicable, except interest as a cyclist to extend when turning left or avoiding hazards to safe common courtesy to drivers cycling, when the lane is too narrow to share safely with a and others with whom you motor vehicle, when traveling at the same speed as traf- share the road. fic, or while exercising due care when passing a standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction; provided, Where to ride on the road however, that every person operating a bicycle away from Ride to the right with the the right side of the roadway shall exercise reasonable care flow of traffic. If sharing a and shall give due consideration to the other applicable lane with automobiles, you rules of the road. As used in this subsection, the term should be 18 to 24 inches out ‘hazards to safe cycling’ includes, but is not limited to, sur- from the curb or edge of pave- face debris, rough pavement, drain grates which are paral- Riding in Traffic ment. This distance will make lel to the side of the roadway, parked or stopped vehicles, it less likely that you’ll hit the potentially opening car doors, or any other objects which curb or accidentally run off threaten the safety of a person operating a bicycle. A cyclist waits for a traffic the side of the road, both of (b) Persons riding bicycles upon a roadway shall not ride light to turn green which could cause a crash. more than two abreast except on paths or parts of road- Cars sharing the lane will pass ways set aside for the exclusive use of bicycles. Photo: Mark Dodson on your left. Bikes are vehicles on driving in traffic are very similar. Always ride in the same Georgia roads Cyclists are expected to obey all direction as traffic, never against even take the center of the lane. Bicycles and automobiles both traffic laws, including traffic lights it. Motorists and other road users These include: belong on Georgia’s roads. In fact, and stop signs. Not doing so rein- are not expecting bicycles coming • Left turns bicycles are subject to the same forces motorists’ beliefs that bicycles toward them in their traffic lane. traffic laws and have the same either are not subject to traffic laws If the road has bike lanes, always • Avoiding hazards or debris rights and responsibilities to the or choose not to follow them. use the lane on the right side of the • The lane is too narrow to share road, as do motor vehicles. When Extend the same courtesies to road. safely with other vehicles riding a bicycle in traffic, think other road users that you’d expect There are several situations where • Passing standing vehicles of yourself as operating a vehicle. from motorists. Signal your inten- you’ll need to move to the left or You’ll need to make some adjust- tions to turn left or right using Moving to the left in these ments since you’re traveling slow- hand signals. circumstances is legal, so keep in er, but the principles of riding and Above all, be respectful of other mind that staying to the right is not always required and not always the Left turn Right turn Stop safest place to be. Ride in a predictable manner. Ride in a straight line and try to avoid weaving left and right. This OR will help to visibly establish your place on the road and drivers will be able to adjust accordingly as they approach. Weaving or riding in an Ride in a straight line – don’t weave in and out of the traffic lane Use hand signals to indicate turns and stops.

24 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 25 more courteous to pull up behind accumulate more heavily the last car in the line and wait your near the curb and in paved turn. If the lane is narrow, take the shoulders. Since automo- entire lane while you wait. bile traffic doesn’t usually pass close enough to sweep At intersections, stay on the the debris away, be ready road to make turns or ride straight to slow down or move to through. This is safer and more the left if you encounter Beware of trash and predictable than swerving over into this. Drainage grates on debris in bike lanes. Don’t get “doored” – keep enough a cross walk. Nor is it necessary to distance from parked cars to avoid getting hit city streets are another haz- Take the lane when traffic dismount and cross as a by an opening door. ard you may encounter. Be especial- cannot pass safely pedestrian. ly wary of horizontal grates that run parked. Staying in the traffic lane parallel to the direction of traffic, as In cases where the traffic lane is too narrow Narrow and multiple traffic will make you more visible and these could easily catch your wheel. to safely share the road with a motor vehicle, lanes. Busier thoroughfares and prevent you from surprising passing Report any grates that are hazardous it is safer to move to the left and take the multi-lane roads require more cau- motorists. to cyclists to the local transportation center of the lane, even if riding slower than tion. Two-lane roads are often too and public works department or the flow of traffic. When the lane becomes narrow for two cars and a bicycle Bike lanes and wide curb lanes. local bicycle advocacy group. wide enough or traffic eases up, the cyclist can to pass safely. If you anticipate this Bike lanes or areas are being added move back to the right to allow motor vehicles happening, it’s safer to move further to streets in many cities and coun- Intersections and turns to pass. In the illustration above, the cyclist to the left and “take the lane,” to ties around Georgia. These vary Approach an intersection much is in a safer position with cars to the front and prevent the vehicle approaching in width, but typically span 3 to in the same manner as you would rear than risking having a vehicle pass danger- from behind from passing you. You 5 feet. Most cyclists find these in a motor vehicle. Prepare to ously close while trying to get by the cyclist. may encounter an occasional driver helpful as they create a visual stop at traffic lights and stop signs Since a bicycle is defined as a vehicle who is not aware that this is accept- separation for motorists that helps and yield to any other traffic and under Georgia traffic law, this is a legal and able for bicycles. When it appears distinguish where to expect bicycle pedestrians that have the right of acceptable maneuver. Drivers should be there’s room for them to move left traffic. There are also roads built way. As you approach the intersec- patient and wait until there is enough lane and give you more space, move with wider than usual traffic lanes, tion, begin to position yourself in width to pass comfortably, at which time the back toward the right shoulder. called wide curb lanes, which help the best part of the lane to proceed cyclist should move to the right and let faster The same principal applies when to separate bicycle and automobile through. traffic pass. riding in heavy traffic on roads with traffic and allow more room to more than one traffic lane in each pass. direction. By taking the entire lane, Be prepared to merge into traffic unpredictable manner can confuse you’ll discourage motorists from if the bike lane or wide curb lane motorists and make it difficult to passing until they can move at least comes to an end. It is not uncom- tell where you’ll be on the road as partially into the other lane and mon for this to occur at intersec- they get closer. pass safely. tions. Be ready to move into the appropriate lane for turning or to Unless a bike lane, wide curb Parked cars. When passing cars continue straight through the lane, or shoulder exists, do not that are parallel parked, ride far intersection. pass traffic on the right. Unless enough from the cars that you’ll you’re in a designated bike lane, do avoid being hit by a car door if it for debris and grates. not pass cars stacked up at a traffic opens. Never assume that the car is Cyclists need to be on the lookout

light in order to position yourself at unoccupied. Avoid weaving in and for these everywhere. However, dirt, Diagrams: Colorado Dept. of Transportation the front of the line. It is safer and out of areas where cars are parallel rocks, glass and other debris tend to Watch for cars turning right when approaching intersections.

26 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 27 Turning Right In this case you would posi- can pass. This maneuver may seem

tion yourself to the left of difficult at first for inexperienced Photo: David Crites the right-turn-only lane. If cyclists, but you’ll develop confi- Continuing straight you are turning left, check dence as you gain experience. for traffic coming up from Turning Left behind, then signal your Railroad tracks. Try to cross intent to move to the left railroad tracks at as close to a 90- side of the traffic lane. degree angle as possible. If the Prepare to move into the appropriate position in the Once traffic is clear, you’ll tracks cross the road at an angle, lane as you enter multi-lane intersections. make the left turn into the check for traffic behind you and right side of the traffic lane turn “in” to the tracks as perpen- you are turning into. Never dicular as possible. Tracks are likely proceed through an inter- to catch your tires and cause a section side-by-side with a Bike lane continues motor vehicle. through intersection Beware of cars turning right. Be aware that cars may be intending to turn right at an intersection or driveway, but may not sig- nal their intention to do so. If you are going straight or turn- Keep your distance so that if they ing right, stay to the right unless it turn, they do not cut you off or crash if you approach from a paral- More recent installations of shoulder rumble is a right turn only lane. The only turn right in front of you. lel position. Always be on the look- strips feature a gap to allow cyclists to enter or exit the paved shoulder. exception to this rule is if you are out for gravel or other debris in the approaching a right-turn-only lane Intersections with multiple turn vicinity of the tracks. by riding a bicycle over shoulder and you intend to continue straight. lanes. Some intersections may rumble strips adversely affects han- have several turn lane options. As Shoulder Rumble strips dling and control. As cyclist speed a cyclist, choose the lane that’s Some roads built to accommo- increases, the effect of rumble marked for the direction you want date traffic over 50 mph in Georgia strips becomes more noticeable, to go. It’s generally safer to “take are equipped with paved shoulders the lane” so that you’re not passed and rumble strips. Paved shoulders or overtaken until after you are are areas of pavement to the right through the intersection. of the white edge line. Shoulder

rumble strips are a series of inden- Photo: David Crites Making a left turn. Check tations pressed or ground into the traffic behind you and then be pavement that cause vibration and prepared to move to “take the noise in a motor vehicle if a driver lane” and move to the left center veers to the right over the white area of the appropriate traffic lane. edge line. The vibration and noise When traffic is clear, you’ll proceed are meant to alert a driver leaving through the intersection and onto the roadway, possibly averting a the next road, then move quickly run-off-the-road crash. For a left turn, move to the left center of the traffic lane and move through the intersection with over to the right so faster vehicles The strong vibration caused Older installations of shoulder rumble strips take the flow of traffic. up most of this 4' paved shoulder.

28 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 29 and the rumbles become more to pedestrians. Slow down or get off Side Blind Spots. difficult to avoid. Unless it is really and walk if pedestrians are present, When a large vehi- necessary to move out of the travel and call out or signal a warning if cle makes a turn lane, riding on the rumble strips is approaching from behind. When in at a street corner, not recommended. doubt, always yield to pedestrians. that long distance Older rumble strip installations Try to avoid sidewalk riding if at between front and sometimes take up the entire paved all possible. If you choose to do so, rear wheels means shoulder. More recent installations be sure it is not prohibited by local that the rear wheels provide for narrower strips with 12’ ordinances. Ride at a slower pace may “off-track” and long breaks of clear space every 28’. and always yield to pedestrians. run across a shoulder or bike Be aware of the NO-ZONES around large vehicles, where the driver cannot see other vehicles or fixed objects. If there is sufficient shoulder width Use extra caution at driveways and lane, or even a pedestrian area at and no shoulder debris, a cyclist when pulling back out onto the the curb. A skilled driver knows can ride separated from traffic by roadway. just how the wheels must track crossing at a break and riding to in order to make a safe turn. the right of the rumble strips. Sharing the road with large Cyclists need to use extra caution trucks and buses here. Avoid being positioned at a Riding on sidewalks Most truck drivers know to street corner or intersection when Riding on the sidewalk is not allow extra space between them- a large vehicle approaches for a recommended except for children. selves and other trucks and buses. turn. Many Georgia cities and counties Since these large vehicles need Cyclists should not pass trucks have regulations regarding where more room to move and stop, it’s or buses on the right and should sidewalk riding is legal. Sidewalks wise to use extra caution and give always stay out of "No Zone" areas. were designed to accommodate them a wide berth. Too often, bicy- Keep your place in traffic behind pedestrians, not bicycles. Motorists clists put themselves at risk when these vehicles staying alert for lane are not looking for or expecting they cross inattentively in front of changes or turns at intersections or bicycles on sidewalks, which is or beside trucks or buses. driveways. Diagrams: Colorado Dept. of Transportation potentially dangerous if you cross Trouble can be avoided when a driveway or pull back out onto cycling near large vehicles by keep- Behind the Vehicle. When it ger distance to come to a safe stop the road from a sidewalk. ing in mind that the driver of a becomes necessary for a truck – much farther than for a passen- A moving bicycle poses a danger truck or bus has several “blind to back up, perhaps to make a ger car! Don’t be in a hurry to cross spots” - certain areas around the delivery, the vehicle may block in front of an approaching bus or vehicle that the driver simply can- the roadway for a short time. truck. Even a well trained profes- City of Atlanta Sidewalk Ordinance not see, even with the specialized Stay clear as the truck backs up. sional driver might have difficulty Sec. 150-210. Riding on sidewalks. side view and fish mirrors that Remember that a truck or bus that stopping quickly, resulting in a (a) Business district. No person shall ride a modern large vehicles are equipped appears to be standing still may crash. Let the vehicle pass before bicycle upon a sidewalk within a business dis- with for safety. Risks can be sub- move suddenly, particularly in pulling out into traffic. trict or the central traffic district. stantially reduced by staying out of crowded city traffic. Stay safe by these blind spots when near large staying clear of backing trucks and Dealing with hostile or aggres- (b) Age restriction. No person 13 or more vehicles. buses. sive motorists. If you ride regu- years of age shall ride a bicycle upon any side- As noted on the graphic on the larly, you may encounter hostile or walk in any district. following page, be aware of the Buses and large trucks aggressive motorists. Sometimes (c) Duties to pedestrians. Any person who is “No-Zone” when cycling or walk- take longer to stop. It’s important they do not realize that bicycles are riding a bicycle upon a sidewalk shall yield the ing around large vehicles. to realize that once a large vehicle vehicles under Georgia traffic law, right-of-way to any pedestrian. gets rolling, it’s going to take a lon- and may think you belong on the

30 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 31 sidewalk or should not be riding If you are threatened or are in traffic. They may honk, yell, or harassed or assaulted, try to get GDOT Georgia Bicycle even throw something at you. You the vehicle’s tag number and a may be tempted to respond, but description of the driver. Notify law generally it is best not to. Yelling enforcement in that area as soon as back or displaying an obscene ges- possible and be prepared to provide Maps Available ture is only likely to escalate the location information and a clear situation. account of what happened.

Copies of the Georgia Bicycle Basic on-road traffic safety strategies Map are still available. In addition to showing the Never ride against traffic. Ride in ably won’t have time to clear the light designated state bicycle routes, the right hand traffic lane with the on your bike. Beware of any cars the map also features informa- flow of traffic. approaching from behind who may not intend to stop at the yellow light. tion on cycling in Georgia and Signal to other road users. Use has insets of major cities. hand signals to indicate your inten- Pass others on the left, not on tions to turn and stop. Try to make the right. Other road users are not To request copies, contact eye contact with drivers, especially expecting vehicles to pass on the the State Bicycle & Pedestrian at intersections. right. Exceptions are passing auto- mobiles while riding in a bike lane or Coordinator at: Pull entirely off the road if you a wide curb lane. Be sure to pass 404-657-6692 need to stop for any reason other other cyclists on the left if sharing or email than a traffic signal, stopped traf- a lane. fic, or a traffic light. This frees up [email protected] the traffic lane for other road users, Use caution at driveways and curb cyclists and motorists alike. cuts. Cars entering and leaving the road from parking lots and driveways Be visible. Bright colors, like orange, pose a major hazard for cyclists. Be yellow, and fluorescent green, are wary of any cars in your vicinity as highly recommended in traffic. you approach these. The motorist Use lights in low visibility condi- may not be expecting bicycles and tions. A white headlight and a may not see you. Try to make eye flashing red tail light will make you contact with the driver. much more visible, especially at dawn Use extra caution around large or dusk. vehicles like trucks and buses. Use a mirror. A rear-view mirror is Drivers of these vehicles have "blind extremely helpful if you frequently spots" where they cannot see you, ride in traffic. It will allow you to eas- and take longer to stop. ily monitor traffic approaching from Ride in a predictable manner. behind without turning your head. Avoid sudden, unexpected move- Plan to stop if you’re approach- ments and do not weave in and out ing a yellow light. Bicycles usually of traffic. move slower than cars, so you prob-

32 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 33 Photo courtesy of Atiba Mbiwan, BRAG

especially on major thorough- fares or two-lane roads, be cour- teous and ride single-file until traffic clears. This is safer and shows some respect for other road users. If the road is wind- ing, with lots of blind curves, or hilly, riding two abreast is not recommended. Vehicles com- ing around a curve or over a hill may be late seeing you and have little time to slow down or react. Riding two abreast is legal under Georgia traffic law. Group, club and fundraising rides Warn others in your group are popular all over Georgia. about approaching vehicles, hazards in the road, and other pos- you, you will likely cause a crash. sible hazards. If you’re at the front Pacelines (several riders riding as a

Photo: Miles McClelland, BRAG of a pack of riders, call out “car up” group following very close to each to warn those behind you that traf- other) should be left to very fic is approaching. If you’re riding experienced riders in areas with Riding With Other Cyclists behind others, call out “car back” little traffic. to warn those ahead that traffic is Riding with other cyclists and faster traffic passes on the left. approaching from behind. Pointing Be aware of other road users. requires some extra caution. Never, under any circumstances, out glass, gravel, or debris in the When riding in a group, it is Paying close attention to the pass another cyclist on the right. road is also helpful to riders behind important to always take personal riders around you and giving As a slow moving vehicle, cyclists you. responsibility for riding safely and other cyclists and motorists are accustomed to yielding to faster to remain aware that you are some room will go a long way traffic on the left, not the right. Don’t follow too closely. Use towards keeping everyone safe. Passing on the right can be startling caution when following other rid- 40-6-294 (b) Persons riding and unexpected, which can lead to ers. It’s safer to leave a comfortable GEORGIA bicycles upon a roadway shall not Don’t pass on the right. When bicycle collisions. amount of space between you and LAW ride more than two abreast except riding in traffic or with other another rider in case you need to on paths or parts of roadways set aside for the cyclists, respect the principal that Riding two abreast is legal. If stop quickly. If your front tire hits exclusive use of bicycles. slower traffic stays to the right cars are approaching from behind, the rear tire of the rider in front of

34 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 35 sharing the road with others. Be Learn from others. Club and sure to check behind you and to group rides are an excellent way your left and right before pass- to improve your cycling skills and ing or changing positions in the make new friends. You can learn pack. Do not automatically follow a great deal about techniques and other riders into an intersection. equipment from other riders. There Personally check for traffic before are also many organized fund proceeding. Also, do not get in raising rides held all over Georgia, the habit of hollering “clear” when especially on weekends in the entering an intersection to let spring and fall. Contact informa- riders behind you know it is OK tion on the major Georgia bicycle to proceed. By the time they’re organizations is on page 60. Many ready to cross, there may be traffic of their web sites contain links to present. Individual riders need to organized rides or cycling event Photo courtesy of Bikes Belong check for themselves before pro- calendars. Riding two abreast is legal in Georgia. However, it ceeding into intersections. shows courtesy to other road users to ride single file Photo: Krysia Haag Signs encouraging motorists and cyclists to share the road when traffic is attempting to pass. are becoming more common in Georgia. Basic group riding safety strategies Pass on the left. Always pass other those in front or behind know with a cyclists on the left, never on the right. loud "car up", "car back", or similar Pull to the right to let faster riders by. warning. Pull entirely off the road if you Don't follow too closely. Leave a need to stop for any reason. gap between you and the rider in front of you. You are likely to crash if your Ride predictably. Avoid sudden front tire comes in contact with their stops and turns, and do not weave left rear wheel. Paceline riding should be and right. Let other riders know your left to very experienced cyclists only. intentions. Be courteous – do not block Use hand signals. Signal to riders traffic. Riding two-abreast is legal in behind you that you are planning to a traffic lane. However, it shows stop or turn. A verbal reminder is help- common courtesy to ride single file ful as well if they are close enough to when traffic is attempting to pass. hear you. Avoid joining large groups of cyclists if Verbal warnings. If you're on the they seem to be blocking entire lanes front or tail end of a group and are of traffic. aware that traffic is approaching, let Photo: Krysia Haag Warn riders behind you by pointing out hazards, such as trash, grates, or gravel.

36 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 37 What to Do if a Crash Occurs Hopefully you’ll never be a victim, • Get the name of the car owner’s given a blank report, take the time • Take photographs of the crash but solo and vehicle crashes are insurance company and the policy to fill it out and return it within the scene as soon after the incident as risks that come along with cycling. number. If it isn’t the driver’s car, be required time frame. In the event you possible. Take photographs from sev- By becoming familiar with the proce- sure to get insurance information on did not get a form, contact the appro- eral angles and at several distances priate law enforcement agency. There away. Take multiple pictures to ensure dures below, you will be in a better both the driver and the vehicle. may be a “counter form” that you can you get some good ones. position to deal with issues resulting • If you are too injured to secure the fill out at the precinct. Submission of • If the other party is given a traf- from crashes or altercations involving information noted above or are being this form will insure that your incident removed from the scene, ask a friend fic citation (or other citation) by the other road users or vehicles. becomes public record. or bystander to get the information for police, be sure to show up on that you. Be sure to exchange a way to • Notify all insurance companies. person’s court date so that you can Attend to injuries first. The first contact them. If you have damaged property or were tell the judge your side. priority in any crash is checking for injured, notify the other driver’s When law enforcement arrives: • If you are given a traffic citation (or injuries. If someone is injured, imme- insurance company and, if you were other citation) by the police, consult diately call for help and notify the • Write down what you believe injured, notify all insurance companies with an attorney. appropriate law enforcement agency happened as soon as you are able. insuring motor vehicles for anyone in your household to be sure you meet • If you are injured, even slightly, • Ask the officer to take a report. in your area. Once any injured parties notice requirements for future claims keep a daily “Confidential Memo” have been attended to or taken out of • Get the officer’s name, badge for medical payments, uninsured of your injuries, treatment and harm’s way, the process of gathering number, and department. motorists and under insured motor- recovery. Take good quality, color information can begin. This is not the ists insurance. If the other driver is photographs of your injuries and any • If you think you may be injured, medical apparatus used to treat your time to discuss or speculate who is at inform the officer and ask for EMS, insured, ask his/her insurance com- pany if you can submit your medical injuries. Keep your braces, casts or fault. That can be sorted out later. then visit the emergency room or see bills directly to them. other medical apparatuses until a doctor to rule out or confirm any possible claims are settled. Here is a checklist of what to do if possibility of injury. • If asked by the driver’s insurance you’re involved in a crash company to give a statement or to • Be prepared to provide your sign a medical release, consult with contact information to the other an attorney before signing anything. Always be prepared At the crash scene: party and to law enforcement on the • Call 911 and ask for the police (ask scene. For this reason it is important • Provide the insurance adjuster Create a small identification someone to call if you are not able). to carry identification with you when with a cost estimate to replace kit to carry with you whenever If you think you may be injured, don’t riding. your bike, helmet, and other you are cycling. Insert your iden- tification, insurance information, hesitate to ask for an ambulance. Do • Be prepared to provide your accessories. Plan to replace your not concern yourself with other matters helmet if it hit the ground, even if it emergency contact information, medical insurance information to and change for a pay phone into such as damage to your bike. the EMTs or at the emergency room. seems intact. a small zip-lock baggie, which • If a motorist is involved, ask them After the crash: • Do not throw away any damaged will keep it clean and dry. Carry to remain at the scene until the clothing or equipment. Instead, take a mobile phone if possible. police arrive. Leaving the scene of a • Request a copy of the crash photographs of the damaged clothing crash is illegal. report. The investigating officer will or equipment and keep both the usually give you a business card at the • Get the driver’s license number, photographs and the clothing/equip- scene. Call the officer and ask how to insurance, vehicle type, tag number, ment, unaltered, as evidence until any get a copy of the report. In Georgia, possible claims are settled. and contact information from the driver. law enforcement agencies will usually • Get names and phone numbers from provide this to you, your attorney, or an any witnesses. immediate family member. If you were

38 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 39 Cycling vs. Walking: Cycling 10 Distance traveled per hour 9

Graphic: Mark Dodson 8

7

6

5 ravelled

4 Miles T Walking 3 No parking Bicycling for hassles or expense. 2 You’ll likely be park- Based on a moderate cycling speed of 10 mph, and 1 Transportation ing close to your a walking speed of 3 mph. building or destina- tion and won’t need 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 to pay for parking. Time (up to 1 hour)

Photo: Krysia Haag Get to your destination faster Commuting essentials than walking. A cyclist going at a • Helmet. Don't ride anywhere without it. Bicycles provide a functional, Feel better. A cardiovascular moderate pace can cover ground practical, and cost-efficient workout before getting into the quickly – arriving at a destination • Tire repair kit: a pump, extra tube, means of transportation for many office will have you feeling more almost as quickly as an automobile in tire levers and a patch kit – the basics for fixing a flat. Some basic bike tools Georgia residents. Commuting, energized when you arrive at work. an urban environment, and consider- could come in handy also. shopping, and running errands And as your overall fitness level ably faster than walking. can all be accomplished quickly improves, you’ll find yourself • If you’ll be riding at dusk or at night, and easily, especially within dis- feeling better in general. What type of bicycle is best? a white headlight and red taillight tances of 3 miles. Any type of bike will do, so long are essential. Save money. The financial as it is equipped properly to com- • Rear-view mirror. Great for monitoring Advantages of bike commuting: rewards are significant. AAA fortably haul you and your gear. traffic coming up behind you. Better overall fitness. With (American Automobile Association) Consider how far you have to travel, • Bell or horn. Good for warning pedestri- recent studies pointing to lack estimates the cost per mile to drive what you’ll need to carry, and in ans or other road users. of exercise and obesity as serious an automobile in 2004 is 56 cents, what conditions you’ll be riding. • Lock. Lock to a sturdy bike parking rack health hazards, bike commuting is which does not make financial Fat knobby tires that are common or heavy fixed object. Never leave your an easy way to work exercise into sense for short distances. On a bike, on mountain bikes are not ideal for bike unlocked, especially if you will not your daily routine. you will not be paying for gas or paved streets, so a hybrid is a good be able to see it. A u-lock is the most parking each day. choice if you’re looking for the stabil- secure, but cable locks will deter many Over 22% of all motor vehicle trips ity of an off-road bike that retains thieves. Americans take are less than one mile Better for the environment. some of the quickness of a road bike. • Bright colored clothing. This will long, and 50% of the working popula- More bicycles being used for trans- Several manufacturers also now offer make you more visible to motorists and tion commutes five miles or less to portation result in fewer cars on the “commuting bikes,” with fenders, other road users. Dark colors or earth work, an easily bikeable distance. road, which helps improve air quali- kickstands, locks and lights included tones tend to blend into the landscape Source: www.bikemonth.com ty, can reduce traffic congestion, and as standard equipment. and make you difficult to see. conserves our natural resources. Generally, any bike can be outfit- • Water bottle. Essential for all riding.

40 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 41 Several manufacturers now offer bikes built For short commutes in warm for commuting, like this weather, a t-, shorts, and pos- one, featuring fenders sibly a light jacket may be adequate. and a chainguard, plus In the spring and fall, it may even a built-in lock, a head- be possible to commute in your light, and a rear rack. work clothes. Try some different combinations and see what works best for you.

Dress for visibility. As mentioned elsewhere in this manual, visibility is important, so always wear a bright colored outer layer. Yellow, orange, and neon green are the best choices. White is preferable to dark colors and earth tones, which tend to blend into the scenery. Red can be difficult to see in low light conditions that occur Photo: Mark Dodson at dawn or dusk. Increase your visibility with bright colored clothing.

Photo: Krysia Haag. Trek bicycle courtesy of @ the Hub Bicycles, Athens. You can commute by bicycle Bike commuting is enjoyable. It’s good If riding the entire distance to work is too ted for commuting, provided it can for your health and the environment. The much, consider a "combo commute," Useful accessories be set up to comfortably transport first big step for many would-be bicycle com- combining biking with a bus or train ride, or • Rear rack. A versatile piece you and accommodate anything muters is to overcome the excuses and get riding your bike to a "park and ride" lot to of equipment to which a wide you need to carry on a regular basis. started. Here are some frequently heard join a carpool. assortment of panniers or a There are some photos of bikes excuses for not biking and how they can be It’s too hot (or cold). Riding comfort- basket can be attached. equipped with several types of racks overcome. ably is a matter of dressing properly for the • Panniers or bags. Many and panniers later in this section. I’m out of shape. Start out with conditions and altering your style of riding. different styles are available, some short rides and gradually work up depending on what you need to What to wear In the heat of summer, you’re going to get to some longer distances. You’ll probably carry and how much protection Dress for conditions appropriate sweaty. Leaving early in the morning and find destinations within a mile or two quite from the elements is required. for the weather and terrain you’ll riding slowly, especially up hills, will help. easy. Once you are comfortable with short be riding in. This will vary quite For winter riding, there are new fabrics that • Fenders. Will keep you dryer trips, you’ll find it easier to go farther as a bit from season to season. The can be layered to let you ride comfortably and cleaner if you’re commuting your overall fitness and confidence level in wet conditions. mileage and amount of time you’ll in very cold temperatures. Most local bike increases. be exposed to the elements should shops have an extensive selection of cycling • Cycling computer. Track your clothing. mileage, speed, and time. also be considered. My workplace is too far away. You There are many new “high tech” may be surprised at how efficiently and I don’t have a good bicycle. The • Lights. A white headlight and red synthetic fabrics on the market. quickly you can cover several miles. Trips latest in high-tech equipment isn’t a tail light are a must if you’ll be These are nylon and polyester mixes fewer than three miles will probably seem commuting at night or in low light requirement. A used or inexpensive bicycle that are designed to wick perspiration quite easy. Trips of 4-8 miles may seem in good working condition that fits you conditions. Visibility is crucial to more challenging, but you may find you safe commuting. away from the body and dry quickly, properly will be perfectly adequate to get which cotton does not do as well. can cover this distance in not much more around on, especially for short in-town trips. time than you do by car.

42 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 43 58

56 Cost per mile of driving if your route takes you past schools by folding or rolling shows steady increase where students are being dropped it, then inserting it 54 off by their parents or school buses, into a closed bag or you may encounter considerably pannier. If you’ll be 52 more traffic at certain times of day. carrying it in a basket So when school is out for the sum- or open bag, insert it 50 mer, there will be fewer vehicles on into a large plastic bag 48 the road, at least in the vicinity of that you can fold over. the schools. A stretch of road that Pack dress shoes in a 46 is headed directly into the setting separate bag. This will sun in the late afternoon hours may keep them clean and 44 Cost in cents per mile per cents in Cost seriously compromise visibility. You dry. 42 might want to consider a slightly Another alternative different route during this period. is to deliver or drop 40 Even after commuting regularly, off your work clothes 38 you may think of ways to alter or ahead of time. This 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

improve your route. Try different can be a good option Graphic: Mark Dodson variations to see what works best. for those who have Source: AAA. Cost per mile estimates compiled using a sampling of vehicles

Photos: Krysia Haag and is based on average annual vehicle depreciation, and estimated costs of Georgia is getting more cycling-friendly roads with a lot to carry each insurance, fuel, tires, and routine maintenance. wide shoulders or bike lanes. Packing for the trip day and have space Depending on the distance and available to store the you arrive at the office. A small Planning your route conditions you’ll be commuting clothes. towel and a washcloth are useful if There are several factors that go in, you may want to pack your Backpacks can be functional you only have access to a rest room into planning a route. You’ll want work clothes and change into them for light items; however, in warm sink. Baby wipes and deodorant to consider the terrain and traffic when you arrive at your destina- weather or on longer trips many rid- work well for some riders for clean- volume. The route that works best tion. Clothing can be kept neat ers find them too hot, as the weight ing up in warm weather. for cycling will probably be one that’s pressing on your back will tend to somewhat different than what you’d make you perspire. If you’ll need Shopping choose to drive. the pack at your destination, a good A commuting bike is also use- Get started by mapping out a solution is to equip your bike with ful for shopping and errands. Rear route. A city or county map is a an open bag or pannier that can pannier-style bags are available that useful reference. Some Georgia cit- accommodate it on your bike rather are suitable for carrying grocery ies also have maps available show- than your body. bags. Even fairly bulky items can be ing bike facilities and bike-friendly Messenger bags, made popular by carried efficiently on a bike. If you routes. Once you’ve settled on a urban bike messengers, are popular are stacking items, the heaviest and route, plan to do a test ride on a among some commuters. Some rid- bulkiest items travel best at the weekend. Carry a load similar to ers find these are a more comfortable bottom. Fruit or more delicate items what you’d have with you on an alternative to the standard two-strap can ride on top, and lightweight actual commuting day. This will backpack. durable items can be strapped or give you a general idea of what it’s bungeed. like and how much time to allow Cleaning up for the trip. Some workplaces, but not many, Traffic patterns may vary some- have access to shower facilities. If what depending on the day of the yours does not, there are still other Photos: Mark Dodson week or time of year. For example, Panniers or bags attached to a rear rack provide effective ways to freshen up once versatile and expandable carrying capacity.

44 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 45 Safe Commuting Many would-be bicycle commuters have some concerns about riding in traffic. By following Georgia traffic laws and taking a few basic precautions, risks are reduced significantly. • Be visible to motorists. Bright colored clothing is a must. It’ll help to ensure that other motorists see you. Lights and reflectors are a must in low light conditions or at night. • Ride in a predictable manner. Photo: Krysia Haag A U-Lock provides the best security for your Maintain a steady line and do not bike, especially when attached to a bike rack. weave in and out of traffic. This helps motorists to predict your Locks: Always lock your bike by course and pass safely.

Photo: Mark Dodson securing it to a solid, heavy object, • Interact and communicate with Curved U-racks, shown here secured to the ground, are secure for parking and locking a bike. like a post or pillar. Be wary of sign- motorists. Use hand signals to posts that could be pulled out of the show your intent to turn. Make eye Parking your bike • Look for spots in well-lighted ground. Small trees are not good areas where there is lots of activity. contact at intersections. Wave and Bike parking is often in short options either. “U” style locks are the smile when a motorist yields or lets Avoid dark or remote locations. supply at many work places. most secure, although cable locks will you through. Finding a good parking spot may • Bike racks do exist in some loca- deter many thieves. If you have an involve some creativity on your tions. The U-shaped racks are com- expensive bike that you’re leaving in Some good resources for part. If there are no racks or mon in newer facilities. These are a high-risk area, consider using mul- bicycle commuting and designated bike parking available, secure and allow you to easily attach tiple locks, such as a “U” lock and Bike-to-Work events: your bike with a bike lock. consider the following options: cable combined. League of American Bicyclists • If there are no bike racks, secure Take stock of the facilities available www.bikeleague.org • Inside your office or work place. your bike to a railing or sturdy at or near your workplace and deter- Check with your office management object. There are places this will mine what is most workable for you. National Bike Month to see if you can store your bike in not be permitted, so try to check www.bikemonth.com/ your office, or a storage or break ahead of time to get an OK. Bike-to-work.com room. If not, be resourceful and find • Even if there is good outdoor parking www.bike-to-work.com a good parking spot nearby. available, also try to find a good covered area for days when there Paul Dorn’s Bicycle may be rain or bad weather. Commuting Tips Bike to Work Events www.runmuki.com/commute/ • Remove equipment. If your bike will May is National Bike Month. Sponsored be unattended for a long time, BikeMetro by the League of American Bicyclists, it consider removing the seat, front Bike Commuting Calculator also includes National Bike-to-Work Day tire, headlights, or other expensive www.bikemetro.com/calculators/cost.asp and Bike-to-Work Week. There are equipment that is detachable. frequently bike-to-work events held in cities with active cycling advocacy groups

during the month. Photo: Mark Dodson A cable lock provides less security, but allows you to tie up to larger objects.

46 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 47 Georgia's largest transit system, metro Atlanta's MARTA, has bicycle racks on all of its buses. on pages 48-49 show the steps for loading your bike on a front rack. Bicycles are permitted on board MARTA rail cars at all times during the day. The first and last cars of a train are usually least crowded.

Transit tips for cyclists • The bus driver may be able to provide some assistance if its your first time using the rack or you are having Photo: Preston Tyree difficulty. Bikes are permitted in the MARTA rail cars. • Do not leave your hel- met or anything loosely furthest back so that riders at attached to your bike. Bags later stops can load their bikes or panniers that are not per- more easily. manently attached should be • Give pedestrians space on train removed. platforms and when entering • When you arrive at your destina- the doors with your bike. Hold tion, be sure you have all your on to your bike in the rail car to belongings and mention to the keep it from moving or rolling driver that you’ll be removing into other passengers. Do not your bike. block exits on the train with your bike. • Load your bike on the rack Photo: Kelly Mills, MARTA

Bikes on Trains and Buses range and also reduces some of GEORGIA TRANSIT SYSTEMS THAT ACCOMMODATE BICYCLES Many Georgia Transit systems now the limitations you may encoun- accommodate bicycles, mostly ter due to weather. For example, Atlanta MARTA www.itsmarta.com on a winter morning you could with front-mounted bike racks. Atlanta metro Xpress www.xpressga.com Georgia's largest transit system, take a bus most of the way to your Athens Athens Transit www.athenstransit.com MARTA (in the Atlanta area) also destination, then bike home dur- ing the afternoon hours when it allows bikes on the trains. Rome Rome Transit www.romega.us/departments/transit.asp is warmer. Or use transit to cover Combining cycling with transit long stretches where terrain or traf- Columbus METRA www.columbusga.org/Metra/ is an efficient alternative to com- fic conditions would make cycling Cobb County Cobb Community Transit www.cobbdot.org muting without an automobile, more challenging. In summer, take Clayton County C-Tran http://web.co.clayton.ga.us/ctran/index.htm especially on days with bad weather public transit home when it is too in the forecast or air quality issues. hot or air quality is poor. Emory Emory Univeristy www.epcs.emory.edu/alttransp/ The additional mileage you can A bike rack accommodating 2 or Gwinnett County Gwinnett County Transit www.gctransit.com cover quickly on a bus or train 3 bikes on the front of a bus is the increases your bicycle commuting most common set up. The photos Savannah Chatham Area Transit www.catchacat.org

48 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 49 Using front loaded bike racks on buses Follow these steps to use a front-loaded bus rack. The entire fleet of Athens Transit buses (Athens, GA) shown here is equipped with racks.

1 3 Photos: Krysia Haag Get ready to load: As the bus arrives and stops, make sure the driver sees you and Load the bike onto the rack by dropping the wheels in the slot. knows you're planning to use the rack.

2 4

For front mounted racks like this, pull the center handle forward to fold out the rack. Secure the bike by lifting the bar up and clamping it over the tire.

50 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 51 Paved Path Etiquette • Yield to pedestrians. Pedestrians always the road with automobile traffic, have the right-of-way. Riding on Paved Paths but this is not necessarily the case. • The path is like a roadway. Keep to the While they provide a degree of sepa- right and pass on the left. ration between automobiiles and • Announce yourself. Warn other path users bicycles, paths present other poten- as you approach from behind. For example, tial hazards. Cyclists will frequently say “On your left” when approaching. find themselves sharing these facili- • If you stop, pull off of the path. Always ties with other cyclists, pedestrians, allow other users to pass on the left. joggers, small children, and pets. Any type of collision involving a • Watch out for maintenance and security cyclist with other users poses a seri- needs while on the trail. Report crime and maintenance problems to authorities. ous risk of injury to all. Often, both pedestrians and • Obey all signs and rules. Stop at intersec- cyclists have little experience or tions. Travel at safe speeds. Keep right. training sharing space with one • Keep the trail clean. Don’t litter. another, so misunderstandings on what constitutes proper “trail eti- quette” can happen. To be safe, Paved path basics for cyclists ride slower around pedestrians, and As a cyclist, the same general always assume that they have the principles of road riding apply on

Photo: Krysia Haag right of way. trails. Stay to the right, and pass others on the left. Be mindful of Paved paths are increasingly variation thereof. Rail-trails, built on Sidepaths. Cyclists using side other users, and adjust your speed popular in many parts of Georgia. former railroad beds, feature reason- paths along roads have an added accordingly so you don’t pose a Some, like the PATH system ably flat terrain and access that is element to deal with – automobile hazard to them. Assume that pedes- in metro Atlanta, are bikeable limited to trailheads, other trails, traffic. When using these paths, trians have the right of way. Use networks that provide alter- intersecting roadways, and some- cyclists need to be aware of pos- extra caution at intersections, trail- nate routes to destinations and times parks. sible automobile traffic crossing the heads, or anywhere there is access provide good connectivity. The Typical paved paths sometimes path at curb cuts and driveways. Trail, west of metro look like a wide sidewalk, but are Cyclists will also need to use extra Atlanta, will eventually link up built to accommodate pedestrians, caution to safely merge back on to with ’s Chief Ladiga Trail, cyclists, and other non-motorized the road in areas where the path linking Smyrna, Georgia with users. An extended trail like this comes to an end. Anniston, Alabama, a distance of may run along a roadside, then veer Some sidepaths are built only on over 100 miles. into a park or open space before one side of a road, but accommo- connecting to another road. These date bicycle traffic going in both Paved paths usually fall into are sometimes combined with on- directions. Cyclists riding against two categories – rail-to-trail conver- road bicycle facilities to form a net- traffic on these paths can find sions, or paved paths that run along work of “bike routes” that connect themselves in awkward positions roadways or through parks and various destinations. at intersections where they are greenspace. The latter are referred to not riding with the flow of traffic.

by interchangeable names such as Safety issues. Many people When this occurs, it can be safer Photo: Krysia Haag multi-use trails, shared-use paths, assume that cyclists are automatical- to dismount and cross the intersec- Paved paths that run along only one side of the road can leave cyclists in an awkward position at intersections sidepaths, greenways, or some ly safer on paved paths than sharing tion as a pedestrian. where they are not in the flow of traffic.

52 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 53 See these links for more details on trails in Georgia and the southeast Trail Express www.trailexpress.com PATH Foundation www.pathfoundation.org they will have time to Georgia State react and won’t be caught Parks Department www.gastateparks.org off guard. Unless you’re already going slow, make Rails to Trails Conservancy www.railtrails.org a point to slow down and Great Bicycle Trails www.great-trails.com give them some extra space as you pass. travel path, so slow down consider- Approaching head-on. Since ably when approaching, especially pedestrians usually prefer to travel from behind. against traffic, it can create an awk- Non-cyclists can sometimes have ward situation when a cyclist is trouble estimating how fast a bicy- traveling in the opposite direction cle is approaching. If you see some- on the same path. The cyclist, mov- one at the trail side who’s about to Photos: Krysia Haag Use extra caution near intersections, driveways, and curb cuts where automobiles can cross a path. ing faster, will usually be the one to enter the trail, slow down and try choose which way to go. Make eye to make eye contact. Be prepared if for anyone to enter or exit the path. an area that crosses the path. Since contact and try to get an indication they move out into the lane to give Provide some audible or verbal the cyclist is not actually in the of whether or not they are aware them some space if needed. warning if you’re approaching from road, drivers’ awareness of them as that you’re approaching. Slow Inline skaters require more pave- behind, but do so in a way that does part of the traffic pattern may not down as you get closer and give ment width as they push from side not scare or startle them (they may register. The same rules of road them some space as you pass. to side. Plan to give them a wide just move into your travel path). riding still apply: use hand signals Not all of the pedestrians you berth as you pass and some verbal While paths directly along road- to indicate turns and stops. Wear encounter will be accustomed indication that you’re approaching. ways provide an added degree of bright colored clothing so as to to dealing with cyclists. Talking Young children sometimes have separation from automobile traffic, make yourself more visible. with another person, attending a tendency to weave as they ride, it is important to be aware of traf- to a child, or listening to head- rather than riding in a straight line. fic on the road. If the path itself Sharing paths with other users phones also may distract them. It They also don’t have the awareness crosses driveways or intersections, Approaching pedestrians from helps if they are aware that you’re of other trail users that most adults drivers may be looking to turn into behind. Do not assume pedestrians approaching, but they are likely to do. Always slow down and give are aware you’re coming up behind be annoyed if yelled at or do not see kids some extra space. them. They almost certainly do or hear you until you are too close. Most paved paths experience not see you and they may not hear much heavier traffic near the trail- you. Try to provide some audible Pets, children, and skaters. heads and attractions, especially warning as you approach, and do so The term “multi-use,” as applied to during nice weather in the spring before you get too close so you do paths, means just that – paths are and fall. Cyclists should give not startle them. If you have a bell open to all users, not just cyclists. pedestrians the right-of-way and or horn, sounding it from a reason- Rail-trail facilities such as Silver slow down, using extra caution rid- able distance is helpful. If not, say Comet are popular destinations for ing in these areas. Speed can be “Passing on your left” as you get families with kids and pets, since increased where traffic is lighter, closer, but do not wait until you are they are often park-like places. Kids depending on location, time of day, right on top of them. If they have and dogs can be somewhat unpre- and season. an idea a cyclist is approaching, dictable and can veer into your Photo: Krysia Haag Ride to the right on trails, much like on the street.

54 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 55 GEORGIA 40-6-296 (e)(1) No person under LAW the age of 16 years shall operate or be a passenger on a bicycle on a highway, bicycle path, or sidewalk under the jurisdiction or control of this state or any local a helmet while cycling. This applies political subdivision thereof without wearing a to toddlers who are passengers on bicycle helmet. a bicycle or a trailer as well. Most manufacturers make helmets specifically designed for children of Rides can be an educational various ages. Check with your local opportunity. Talk to a child and bike shop. point out safety issues as you’re riding. Mention that you’re slow- Rear mounted child seats serve ing to look for oncoming traffic, or as a good way to get started with stopping for a stop sign. Point out very small children, but they do potentially hazardous situations raise the bike’s center of gravity such as cars pulling out of driveways which will make it handle some- or pedestrians about to step out into what differently. Many parents the road. Explain in simple terms find themselves graduating or going how these situations could result in directly to a trailer instead. These a crash. Kids will pick up on these allow the child to ride behind the things and learn by your example. Most preschoolers will not have Photo: Bikes Belong the coordination to ride by them- selves, certainly not without train- Cycling with Kids ing wheels. However, it is still not too early to get them familiar with Cycling with kids can be a very fic law defines it as such. With various parts of the bike and how rewarding experience. You can the freedom and mobility it offers they work. Show them the brakes get out and enjoy Georgia's great come many responsibilities, includ- and how to apply them. Teach climate with the entire family. It ing many important safety them to keep hands and feet away is also an excellent opportunity considerations. from the spokes of a spinning wheel to teach a child cycling skills that For parents, being a good role and clear of the chain. If something will last a lifetime. model is a very important step breaks or is in need of repair, show toward teaching children to ride them the problem and explain why Kids can participate in cycling responsibly. Be familiar with safe it is important to fix it. from a young age. Young children cycling practices and make a point Preschoolers should not ride in will probably start out in a childs’ to ride safely and responsibly your- the street. Explain that bikes rid- seat or a trailer. Slightly older chil- self. Wear a helmet. Stop at stop den by small children are harder for

dren will get their start when they signs. Wear bright colored clothing. Photo: Miles McClelland, BRAG drivers to see, and use it as a bridge graduate from a tricycle to their to a lesson on dressing for visibility first bicycle equipped with training Getting started bike rather than on top of it. Newer before going out on a ride. Once wheels. Young children (ages 1-4) can models will disengage in the event they’re up and running, let them In a sense, a bicycle is a child’s begin participating in cycling from of a crash, reducing the likelihood get some experience on driveways, first vehicle. While it only has two around 1 year old. Be sure to get an the trailer will roll over. Overall, the trails, or sidewalks with close adult wheels, it is wise to always stress OK from your pediatrician before trailer is considered the safer of the supervision. Continue to stress safe- the point that a bike is a vehicle, getting started. Georgia law requires two options. ty issues such as wearing a helmet and not a toy, and Georgia traf- anyone under the age of 16 to wear and visibility.

56 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 57 Children and Early Teens view mirrors, and different types of From the ages of 11-14, kids are clothing can be useful. How and getting stronger and now have the when to use head and tail lights is physical ability to ride indepen- important, and also required by law. dently. If they have already had Cycling computers are inexpensive some cycling experience, they’ll be and will help them to track and somewhat familiar with the basics understand speed and distance. of bike handling and safety. At this If they are regular riders, their age, kids can work on refining and bikes can be equipped with some expanding those skills to ride safer simple tools and a pump for chang- and more efficiently. ing a flat. They can also get more They are likely to have more involved in maintaining their bikes interest in bicycle accessories. You and learn to make simple adjust- can show them how gloves, rear- ments and repairs such as changing

Bike Trailers vs. Bike Seats Bike trailers and bike seats each have ventilation. Trailers also tend to be wider advantages and disadvantages. A trailer than a bike, which can present problems is a more stable way to transport a child in narrow or confined spaces. Because Photo: Miles McClelland, BRAG over one year-old who has adequate neck trailers are more enclosed, they are more Family affair: a youngster is pulled along on the trail-a-bike behind a tandem, while the older child is in the stoker position behind dad, who is up front. strength to maintain head position. A conducive for use during cooler or wetter seat loaded with a child raises the bike’s weather, but in summer they can be con- center of gravity, making it more top-heavy siderably hotter than a bike seat. Older children (ages 5-10) Stress the concept of riding with and prone to tip-over. In addition, some School age kids can begin to traffic rather than against it, and In the end, the choice of either a trailer children attempt to see around the adult’s or a seat depends upon the purpose of grasp the basics of cycling. They always ride this way to set a good body by shifting back and forth in the seat, can start to get familiar with shift- example. travel and the relative riding skills of the forcing the adult to unexpectedly adjust bal- parent. Recreational riders who only ride ing and braking, as well as dodging They may be ready to venture ance. However, a child in a bike seat has a with their children in good weather probably rocks and obstacles. This is a good onto low traffic streets with adult better view than a child in a trailer. will be content with a seat. Parents who time to begin introducing general supervision; however, at this age Both trailers and seats have five-point rely on their trailers for transportation may concepts of how cyclists and other they still don’t have the experience harnesses to keep a child firmly restrained, find a trailer more versatile. road or trail users interact with one to judge how fast other vehicles are but in the event of a tip-over, the trailer another. Stress the importance moving or approaching, so use extra provides a frame to absorb impact. Most of always riding on the right and caution. When crossing a street or bike trailers also have hitches that keep passing on the left. Teach them to busy intersection, have the child the trailer level in the event that make eye contact with other road dismount and walk across as a pedes- the adult falls. Trailers can or trail users and to understand that trian. Use the same degree of caution tip if turns are taken at high there is no way to predict where on roads in your neighborhood as speeds, but the harness- other vehicles are going to go. you would on a busy thoroughfare ing system in addition to the Basic concepts of group riding with heavier automobile traffic. trailer’s external frame help can be introduced, such as not rid- They are now old enough to get minimize the chances of seri- ing too close to others, using hand more familiar with how equipment ous injury. signals to indicate stops and turns, and accessories work. Show them On top of being heavier, and giving verbal warnings such as how to properly put on a helmet, a trailer creates more wind “on your left” when passing other use a bike lock, clean the bike, and drag, especially if the riders. inflate the tires. clear vinyl windshield is rolled up to increase 58 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Photo: Paul Quick Families with children enjoy the annual Bicycle Ride Across Georgia every summer. Photo courtesy of Atiba Mbiwan, BRAG An adult helps a teen rider get familiar with road riding on a recumbent tandem during the Bicycle Ride Across Georgia.

Photo: Miles McClelland, BRAG Getting children and teens started in cycling or patching a tire. into. Teach them to check behind • As an adult, always set a good This is also a good time to show them before changing lanes or example. Wear a helmet, stop at them more about positioning moving out into traffic. traffic lights and stop signs, and themselves safely on a road or trail. They may want to ride with ride responsibly. Scanning for traffic and other road headphones, but this is hazard- • Insist that kids wear helmets hazards is a good habit to get them ous and should not be permitted. at all times. It will significantly It prevents them from being able reduce the risk of serious injury to hear traffic and warning signs and it is the law in Georgia. More kids' cycling resources around them. Bicycling Magazine • Make riding with children a www.bicycling.com/kids learning opportunity. Point out Pedestrian and Bicycling Information Center safety hazards and encourage www.bicyclinginfo.org/ee/ed_child_main.htm them to follow the rules of the road. Photo courtesy of Atiba Mbiwan, BRAG

60 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 61 National and Regional REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Atlanta Bicycle Campaign www.atlantabike.org Cycling Organizations Coastal Georgia Greenway www.coastalgagreenway.org There are a wide range of clubs both in addition to other activi- East Point Velodrome Association www.dicklanevelodrome.com and organizations in Georgia that ties. Since each group’s mission, are actively supporting cycling. services, or contact information North Georgia Bicycle Dealers Assn. www.bike4fun.com Some plan and conduct rides and can change over time, we are PATH Foundation www.pathfoundation.org events, others are non-profit advo- directing readers to their respective cacy groups working to improve Web sites for details and contact STATEWIDE ORGANIZATIONS cycling conditions. Some focus on information. Georgia Bikes! www.georgiabikes.org LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS LOCATION WEB SITE Georgia Bicycle Federation www.serve.com/bike/georgia/ Azalea City Cyclists Valdosta www.azaleacitycyclists.com Bicycle Ride Across Georgia www.brag.org BikeAthens Athens www.bikeathens.com SORBA (Southern Off-road Bicycle Assn.) www.sorba.org Coastal Bicycle Touring Club Savannah www.cbtc.org Tour de Georgia www.tourdegeorgia.org Columbus Cycling Club Columbus www.columbuscyclingclub.org GOVERNMENT RESOURCES Coosa Valley Cycling Assn. Rome www.cvca.org Atlanta Regional Commission CycleAugusta Augusta www.cycleaugusta.com Bike/Ped Pages www.atlantaregional.com/transportationair/bikeped.html Decatur Yellow Bikes Decatur www.dybikes.org Georgia Dept. of Transportation Fayette Biking for Life Fayetteville www.bikingforlife.org Bike/Ped Pages www.dot.state.ga.us Gwinnett Touring Club Gwinnett County www.gtcbike.org Georgia Tourism www.georgia.org Metro Atlanta Georgia State Parks www.gastateparks.org Cycling Club (MACC) Atlanta www.maccattack.com Federal Highway Administration Nitty Gritty Bike Band Athens www.bikeathens.com/nittygritty/ Bike/Ped Pages www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/bikeped/ Oconee Cyclists Milledgeville www.oconeecyclists.us NHTSA Bicycle Safety Page www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/pedbimot/bike/ Pecan City Pedalers Albany www.pecancitypedalers.org NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Southern Bicycle League Atlanta www.bikesbl.org AmericaBikes www.americabikes.org Sweet Onion Cyclists Vidalia www.letsride.net Bikes Belong bikesbelong.org League of American Bicyclists www.bikeleague.org

An updated listing of Georgia clubs, organizations, and cycling resources is National Bicycle Tour Directors Assn. www.nbtda.com available on the Georgia Department of Transportation web site at www.dot. National Center for Biking and Walking www.bikewalk.org state.ga.us, click on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation. Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center www.pedbikeinfo.org To submit or update info on your cycling club or organization, email the State Bicycle & Pedestrian Coordinator at [email protected] or call 404- Rails to Trails Conservancy www.railtrails.org 657-6692. Thunderhead Alliance www.thunderheadalliance.org

62 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 63 Georgia Bicycle Laws 40-6-290. worn by the rider of the bicycle accord- ticable, except when turning left or design, operation, and maintenance as The provisions of this part appli- ing to the infant sling’s manufacturer’s avoiding hazards to safe cycling, when set forth by the American Association cable to bicycles shall apply whenever a instructions and such child transported the lane is too narrow to share safely of State Highway and Transportation bicycle is operated upon a highway or in a bicycle trailer or infant sling is with a motor vehicle, when traveling at Officials, and such paths shall provide upon any path set aside for the exclu- wearing a bicycle helmet as required the same speed as traffic, or while exer- accessibility to destinations equivalent sive use of bicycles, subject to those under paragraph (1) of subsection (e) of cising due care when passing a stand- to the use of the roadway. exceptions stated in this part. Code Section 40-6-296. ing vehicle or one proceeding in the (e) Electric assisted bicycles as (d) No child between the ages of same direction; provided, however, that defined in Code Section 40-1-1 may be 40-6-291. one year and four years shall ride as a every person operating a bicycle away operated on bicycle paths. The provisions of this chapter that passenger on a bicycle or bicycle trailer from the right side of the roadway apply to vehicles, but not exclusively to or be transported in an infant sling shall exercise reasonable care and shall 40-6-295. motor vehicles, shall apply to bicycles, unless the child is securely seated in give due consideration to the other No person operating a bicycle shall except that the penalties prescribed a child passenger bicycle seat, bicycle applicable rules of the road. As used in carry any package, bundle, or other in subsection (b) of Code Section 40- trailer, or infant sling according to the this subsection, the term ‘hazards to article which prevents him from keep- 6-390, subsection (c) of Code Section child passenger bicycle seat’s, bicycle safe cycling’ includes, but is not limited ing at least one hand upon the handle- 40-6-391, and subsection (a) of Code trailer’s, or infant sling’s manufacturer’s to, surface debris, rough pavement, bars. Section 40-6-393 shall not apply to per- instructions and the child passenger drain grates which are parallel to the sons riding bicycles. seat or bicycle trailer is properly affixed side of the roadway, parked or stopped 40-6-296. to the bicycle according to the child vehicles, potentially opening car doors, (a) Every bicycle when in use at 40-6-292. passenger bicycle seat’s or bicycle trail- or any other objects which threaten the nighttime shall be equipped with a (a) A person propelling a bicycle er’s manufacturer’s instructions or the safety of a person operating a bicycle. light on the front which shall emit a shall not ride other than upon or infant sling is worn according to the (b) Persons riding bicycles upon a white light visible from a distance of astride a permanent and regular seat infant sling’s manufacturer’s instruc- roadway shall not ride more than two 300 feet to the front and with a red attached thereto and shall allow no tions. abreast except on paths or parts of reflector on the rear of a type approved person to ride upon the handlebars. (e) Violation of subsections (c) and roadways set aside for the exclusive use by the Department of Motor Vehicle (b) No bicycle shall be used to carry (d) of this Code section shall not con- of bicycles. Safety which shall be visible from a more persons at one time than the stitute negligence per se nor contribu- (c) Whenever a usable path has been distance of 300 feet to the rear when number for which it is designed and tory negligence per se or be considered provided adjacent to a roadway and directly in front of lawful upper beams equipped. evidence of negligence or liability. designated for the exclusive use of bicy- of headlights on a motor vehicle. A (c) No person shall transport a (f) No person under the age of 16 cle riders, then the appropriate govern- light emitting a red light visible from a child under the age of one year as a years failing to comply with subsec- ing authority may require that bicycle distance of 300 feet to the rear may be passenger on a bicycle on a highway, tions (c) and (d) of this Code section riders use such path and not use those used in addition to the red reflector. roadway, bicycle path, or sidewalk; may be fined or imprisoned sections of the roadway so specified (b) Every bicycle sold or oper- provided, however, that a child under by such local governing authority. The ated shall be equipped with a brake the age of one year may be transported 40-6-293. governing authority may be petitioned which will enable the operator to on a bicycle trailer or in an infant sling No person riding upon any bicycle, to remove restrictions upon demonstra- make the braked wheels skid on dry, so long as such child is seated in the coaster, roller skates, sled, or toy vehicle tion that the path has become inad- level pavement. bicycle trailer or carried in an infant shall attach the same or himself to any equate due to capacity, maintenance, sling according to the bicycle trailer’s vehicle upon a roadway. or other causes. For more information on Georgia or infant sling’s manufacturer’s instruc- (d) Paths subject to the provisions of GEORGIA state laws, see tions, and the bicycle trailer is properly 40-6-294. subsection (c) of this Code section shall LAW www.legis.state.ga.us affixed to the bicycle according to the (a) Every person operating a bicycle at a minimum be required to meet bicycle trailer’s manufacturer’s instruc- upon a roadway shall ride as near to accepted guidelines, recommendations, Click on the Georgia Code link. tions or the infant sling is properly the right side of the roadway as prac- and criteria with respect to planning,

64 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 65 (c) No bicycle shall be equipped or (6) No person under the age of 16 operated while equipped with a set of failing to comply with any provision handlebars so raised that the opera- of this subsection may be fined or tor must elevate his hands above his imprisoned. shoulders in order to grasp the normal steering grip area. 40-6-297. (d) No bicycle shall be equipped, (a) It shall be unlawful for any modified, or altered in such a way as to person to sell a new bicycle or a pedal cause the pedal in its lowermost posi- for use on a bicycle unless the ped- tion to be more than 12 inches above als on such bicycle or such pedals the ground, nor shall any bicycle be are equipped with reflectors of a type operated if so equipped. approved by the Department of Public (e)(1) No person under the age of 16 Safety. The reflector on each pedal shall years shall operate or be a passenger on be so designed and situated as to be a bicycle on a highway, bicycle path, or visible from the front and rear of the sidewalk under the jurisdiction or con- bicycle during darkness from a distance trol of this state or any local political of 200 feet. The commissioner of public subdivision thereof without wearing a safety is authorized to promulgate rules bicycle helmet. and regulations and establish standards (2) For the purposes of this subsec- for such reflectors. tion, the term ‘bicycle helmet’ means (b) This Code section shall not a piece of protective which apply to any bicycle purchased prior to meets or exceeds the impact standards July 1, 1972, by a retailer for the pur- for bicycle helmets set by the American pose of resale. National Standards Institute (ANSI) or the Snell Memorial Foundation. 40-6-298. (3) For the purposes of this subsec- (a) It is a misdemeanor for any per- tion, a person shall be deemed to wear son to do any act forbidden or fail to a helmet only if a helmet of good fit is perform any act required in this part. fastened securely upon the head with (b) The parent of any child and the the straps of the helmet. guardian of any ward shall not autho- (4) No bicycle without an accompa- rize or knowingly permit such child or nying protective bicycle helmet shall ward to violate any of the provisions of be rented or leased to or for the use of this part. any person under the age of 16 years unless that person is in possession of a 40-6-299. bicycle helmet at the time of the rental The Board of Public Safety is autho- or lease. rized to promulgate rules and regula- (5) Violation of any provision of this tions to carry this part into effect and subsection shall not constitute negli- is authorized to establish regulations gence per se nor contributory negli- for any additional safety equipment or gence per se or be considered evidence standards it shall require for bicycles. of negligence or liability.

66 Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists Georgia BIKE SENSE: A Guide for Cyclists & Motorists 67 VISION

Keep Georgia moving with quality transportation.

MISSION

The Georgia Department of Transportation provides a safe, seamless and sustainable transportation system that supports Georgia’s economy and is sensitive to its citizens and environment.

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