2014
DRAFT FINAL REPORT: WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF IRAQ
SUBMITTED TO: THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ
PROJECT PERIOD: 1ST JUNE 2009 TO 30TH JUNE 2014 TH DATE OF SUBMISSION: JUNE 30 , 2014
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP) IRAQ Environment and Energy and Climate Change (EECC) Sub Cluster 6/30/2014 WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
Table of Contents
ABBREVIATIONS ...... - 5 - DSS STEERING COMMITTEE ...... - 6 - ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... - 7 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... - 8 - 1 BACKGROUND ...... - 12 - 2 PROJECT OVERVIEW ...... - 13 - 2.1 KEY ACTIVITIES ...... - 17 - 2.1.1 TECHNICAL CAPACITY BUILDING: ...... - 18 - 2.1.2 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING: ...... - 19 - 2.2 WATER MODELING TRAINING COURSES ...... - 20 - 2.3 LOCAL WATER INITIATIVE ...... - 23 - 2.3.1 Highlights of the LWC Initiative ...... - 24 - 2.3.2 1st Pilot Study (Shatt Al-Hillah) ...... - 25 - 2.3.3 2nd Pilot Study (Shatt Al-Garaf) ...... - 28 - 2.3.4 3rd Pilot Study (Tigris in East and the South) ...... - 32 - 2.4 EXPOSURE STUDY TOURS ...... - 35 - 2.4.1 Study Tour in Italy ...... - 36 - 2.4.2 Study Tour in Kazakhstan ...... - 37 - 2.4.3 Study Tour in India ...... - 41 - 2.5 KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND MANAGEMENT ...... - 47 - 2.5.1 Basra Workshop/ Lessons Learnt from the exposure trips ...... - 47 - 2.5.2 SWLRI Modelling Review to Address Needs for Capacity Development ...... - 49 - 3 EXPENDITURE ...... - 53 - 4 PROJECT MANAGEMENT ...... - 55 - 4.1 Lessons learnt ...... - 57 - 5 CONCLUSION ...... - 59 - 6 RECOMMENDATION ...... - 64 - 7 ANNEXES ...... - 69 - ANNEX 1-1 MED INGEGERIA Report: Assessment ...... - 69 -
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
ANNEX 1-2 MED INGEGERIA Report: Technical Specifications ...... - 73 - ANNEX 1-3 MED INGEGERIA Report: Expectations ...... - 74 - ANNEX 1-4 UNESCO-IHE Training Courses ...... - 77 - ANNEX 1-5 UN to UN Agreement ...... - 91 - ANNEX 1-6 Inception Workshop on Decentralized Water Governance ...... - 97 - ANNEX 1-7 Shatt Al Hilla (1st Pilot) ...... - 100 - ANNEX 1-8 Shatt al Hilla 2nd Meeting ...... - 101 - ANNEX 1-9 Shatt al Hilla 3rd Meeting ...... - 102 - ANNEX 1-10 Shatt Al Gharaf 1st Meeting ...... - 104 - ANNEX 1-11 Shatt Al Gharaf 2nd Meeting ...... - 106 - ANNEX 1-12 Main Tigris River 1st Meeting ...... - 108 - ANNEEX 1-13 Main Tigris River 2nd Meeting ...... - 110 - ANNEX 1-14 Study tour at IAM Bari for the delegation of the Iraqi delegation 18-25 July 2010 ...... - 111 - ANNEX 1-15 Study tour in Kazakhstan 25 August – 01 September 2013 ...... - 112 - ANNEX 1-16 Study tour in India (10-19 March 2013) ...... - 117 - ANNEX 1-17 Basra workshop (visits tour lesson learned) on 29th October 2013 ...... - 119 - ANNEX 1-18 Strategic Review: Water and Salinity Data, and Modelling Platform component of SWLRI to inform the UNDP capacity building program ...... - 120 - ANNEX 2-1 Term of References: CTA and National Advisor Posts ...... - 141 - ANNEX 2-2 First No Cost Extension Letter ...... - 152 - ANNEX 2-3 Second No Cost Extension Letter ...... - 154 - ANNEX 2-4 Third No Cost Extension Letter ...... - 156 - Annex 3-1 Proposal: Support of Transboundary Water Conflict and Dispute Management on Water Share and Allocation ...... - 158 - ANNEX 3-2 Proposal: Development of Salinity Management Framework ...... - 160 - ANNEX 3-3 Proposal: Development of Drought Risk, Monitoring and Early Warning System ...... - 166 -
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
Table 1: Results Framework ...... - 14 - Table 3: Expected Outputs of the LWC Initiative ...... - 24 - Table 4: Overview for DSS Expenditures from 2009- 2014 ...... - 53 - Table 5: Expenses Details from 2009-2014 ...... - 53 - Table 6: GoI Costing Sharing from 2013-2014 ...... - 54 - Table 7: # of GOI Officials Participated and Outputs of Activities ...... - 59 - Table 8: Proposed Projects, Areas of Interventions and Resources Required ...... - 67 -
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
ABBREVIATIONS
CPAP Country Programme Action Plan
DSS Decision Support System
GOI Government of Iraq
KRG Kurdistan Regional Government
MoEN Ministry of Environment
MoFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs
MoWR Ministry of Water Resources
NDP National Development Plan
NSC National Security Council
NWC National Water Council
PC Provincial Council
PMAC Prime Minister’s Advisory Commission
TB Transboundary Water
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
DSS STEERING COMMITTEE
Name Institution Title
Aoun Abdullah MoWR Director General of National Center of Water Resources Management
Committee Chair (2009-2013)
Ali Hashim MoWR Director General of National Center of Water Resources Management
Committee Chair(from 2013-2014)
Laith Jabbar Abdulsattar, MOWR DSS Project Manager (2009-2012)
Warda Neamah Mohammed MOWR DSS Project Manager (2012-2014)
Guiglielmo Giordano Ministry of Senior Expert Foreign Affairs/Italy Central Technical Unit, Italian Cooperation
Giulia Romani Embassy of Head of Economic, Commercial and Development Italy Cooperation Office
Embassy of Italy in Iraq
UNDP Representatives UNDP Programme Manager/Project Manager
Project Management Team
Name Institution Title
Seiichi Sasaki UNDP Climate Change Specialist
Manal Aziza UNDP Project Officer
Abeer Dababneh UNDP Project Associate
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
On behalf of the Ministry of Water Resources of Republic of Iraq, it is our pleasure to present the final report of Decision Support System Project (DSS). The final DSS report represents tangible evidence of the project’s outputs as well as strong partnership with UNDP in reconstruction and development of Iraq’s water resources.
During the past five years, development assistance from the Embassy of Italy equaling to USD $ 2,646,234 has been provided to Iraq. The DSS project was part of the Government’s commitment to its citizens and to the international community to increase and improve management capacity of water resources in Iraq through provision of technical support, strengthening institutional capacity and public awareness, knowledge sharing and management.
Experience has shown that establishment of the Local Water Committee (LWC) was a first step to build local water planning capacity and develop a constructive relationship between water users and water decision-makers in Iraq. It is a clear that sub regional coordination played a pivotal role in sustaining effective and efficient utilization of water through understanding of common issues in the region. Iraq reassures that the Country has to come up with the national investment plan to promote modernization of irrigation techniques as well as strengthen monitoring and compliance mechanism to ensure the delivery of water to respective water users.
The key success of the project be described that the Ministry took the full ownership of all stage of designing, planning and implementation of the activities in close consultation with UNDP. We have defined each scope of work and facilitated the coordination to synergize each output. With a foundation of the informed decision support system being built, the Ministry will be able to step further to strengthen the whole government approach in order to deal with the scale of the water and quality issues at all relevant sectors.
In closing, the Ministry of Water Resources wishes to take this moment to express its continued appreciation to the Embassy of Italy working in Iraq for the strong and consistent support that has been provided for the reconstruction and development of the Country.
We are also thankful to UNDP for its technical support for this final report. We look forward to continuing our collaborative work with our distinguished development partner in the international community, and we welcome the comments and discussion in this important document.
Mr. Ali Hashim,
Director General of National Center of Water Resources Management Ministry of Water Resources of Republic of Iraq
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Decision Support System (DSS) project was funded through the Government of Italy to build the foundation of the strategic path to 2050. The total resource allocated for the project was US$ 2,646,234 to introduce a sophisticated interactive computer system to analyze and compare the impact of various water management scenarios. It was designed to help water planners and decision makers and assess both the magnitude of change brought through natural and man-made interventions in the water resource system, and the impacts on natural environment and economic and human development.
During the inception phase, an exposure study tour to Italy was proposed to see examples of the DSS application utilized in other countries and learn how it is used and managed. The Iraqi delegates visited Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (IAMB) Institute in July 2010 and the expected outputs included improved understanding of the DSS and its challenges and opportunities for Iraq. The Ministry of Water Resources embraced the opportunity to move further and contracted with a Consortium of Italian firms, with support of the Government of Italy, to receive a series of technical capacity building activities, implemented by the Strategy for Water and Land Resources Iraq (SWLRI)’’ project.
In the implementation phase, UNDP outlined a set of activities to support capacity building through 1) provision of training modules for water modeling in line with the SWLRI’s outputs; 2) support of institutional coordination at sub regional level; 3) study tours to learn about institutional and legal regimes in India, where has demonstrated participatory irrigation management approach as well as in Kazakhstan, where they successfully implemented Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and principles of river basin approach, and; 4) Review of the SWLRI activities to enhance quality of tools that meet international standards and support of the continuity of the project beyond the project lifecycle.
UNDP and UNESCO-IHE provided a series of technical trainings and outlined the details of the training materials. A total of eight training courses were provided with a focus on water modeling and scenario tools. Highly skilled professionals provided the necessary supports to be able to manage the DSS system. Courses included follow-up materials, enabling the Ministry’s staff to access the online platform for their own training that can be utilized as training the trainers in the future.
Establishment of the Local Water Committee (LWC), as part of institutional capacity building was a first step to build local water planning capacity and develop a constructive relationship between water users and water decision-makers and suppliers in Iraq. The LWCs were formed in Shatt Al- Hillah, Shatt Al Gharraf and Tigris in the East and South, covering Babylon, Basra, Missan, Muthana, Diwaniya, Thi Qar and Wasit governorates. It is a clear indication from the LWC initiative that Iraq has to come up with the numbers of the national investment plan to promote modernization of irrigation techniques as well as strengthen monitoring and compliance mechanism to ensure the delivery of water to respective water users.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
The Iraqi delegates also visited India and Kazakhstan to see examples of integrated water resources management (IWRM) approaches and learn from their lessons of successes, concerns, challenges and constraints, and opportunities for improved governance practices. These study tours facilitated learning of Iraqi officials about water governance institutions, and conflict resolution mechanism through field based operations in response to increased demand in water share and allocation. They witnessed innovative rain/run-off water harvesting, small-scale irrigation and water resources control techniques especially to address seasonal and spatial changes in water availability efficiently and ensure stability in agricultural and livestock productivity.
Knowledge Management was part of the UNDP strategy, setting a vision to harness knowledge in support of its objectives, grounded in learning, and analysis that could lead a robust evidence of what works and what does not work. A Basra workshop held in December 2013 put an emphasis on knowledge sharing and networking as key elements of experiential learning cycle in which we experience, reflect on, learn from through conceptualization, and apply what we have learned. The workshop drew concrete action plans that are realistically sounded approaches for Iraq to develop the strategic direction. The study tour to India was so well received that the GOI signed letter of agreements with India to exchange views and facilitate capacity building at bilateral level. The priority south-south technical cooperation opportunity was realized through enhancing and supporting further communication and exchange between countries.
A total of 309 stakeholders participated to support and implement the DSS project activities, among which, 59 MoWR’s officials were trained on water modeling and scenario development tools, 187 officials participated in the local water initiative, 26 officials participated in visits to Italy, India and Kazakhstan, 19 officials attended the dissemination workshop (Knowledge Sharing and Management), and 18 MoWR’s officials participated in the SWLRI peer review.
Overall project outputs, along with SWLRI, supported building a foundation of the informed decision support system for Iraqis. Although the Project has experienced delays in its implementation, the key success of the project can be described that the scope of the DSS Project had been well re-aligned with the SWLRI project, ‘’Phase I and II the Strategy for Water and Land Resources Iraq ’’. The Project Team have defined each scope of work and facilitated the coordination to synergize each output. UNDP regularly updated the status of the project progress and readjusted the timeframe accordingly with the Ministry’s requests and fulfilled their needs.
It is recommended that Iraq takes a step further to strengthen the whole Government approach, which is needed to deal with the scale of the water and quality issues as Iraq has suffered a decline in water resources due to ever increasing occurrence of severe droughts and decrease in available water from neighboring countries, consequently intensity of dust storms and desertification has been increased, result in transforming agricultural land into arid territory as well as impacting higher salinity in surface and soil. Iraq needs to deal with this magnitude of change brought through natural and man-made interventions to meet balancing the requirements of economic growth, human development and environmental sustainability.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
With a foundation of the informed decision support system being built, overcoming these challenges will yet require the full range of policy instruments and technical solutions on much larger scale. The Ministry of Water Resources and UNDP concluded the following recommendations to further strengthen effective and efficient management of water resources in Iraq.
The strategic priority should be given to:
• Institutionalize mechanism of the Local Water Committee, linking to the National Water Council to facilitate the whole government approach and its strategic capacity development plan taking into account trans-boudary water share and allocation, compliance and enforcement control with emphasis on environmental flow and marshland biodiversity; • Adjust policy and regulatory environment for salinity management (removing existing barriers, incentives for farmers utilizing drainage network system through subsiding appropriate fertilizer sand seeding); • Develop investment plan in rehabilitation of the existing drainage system, modernizing irrigation technologies, the transfer of water allocations, economic instruments; and • Enhance international and regional partnership responding to meteorological and global climate change through setting architecture of drought risk management network with focus on agricultural, environment and socioeconomic impacts including affected targeted resources suffering from loss of economic and environmental values.
Proposed projects, areas of interventions and resources required are presented as follows.
Proposed Areas of The GOI cost International Total Expected Outputs Projects Interventions share (cash funds Resources contribution) (donors, GEF Required and regional funds)
Support of Institutional $0.1million $0.3 million $0.4 The LWC legally trans-boundary and technical million established. water share The monitoring capacity as and allocation well as water share and allocation assessed and mapped out. Compliance and enforcement mechanism with consideration of environmental flow enhanced. Integrated Investment $3.0 million $9.0 million $12 million Investment plans outlined. salinity Rehabilitation of the management existing drainage system,
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT framework modernizing irrigation technologies, the transfer of water allocations and economic instruments developed.
Development Climate $900,000 $900,000 $1.8 International and regional of drought Change million partnership developed in monitoring and response to early warning meteorological and global system climate change.
Total $4.0 million $10.2 million $14.2 million
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
1 BACKGROUND
A prolonged period of instability in Iraq has led to numerous environmental deteriorations and challenges in many sectors. Most prominently, water insecurity has threatened both human health and, the environment. Management of water resources is an existential issue as Iraq became one of the most water insecure countries.
Water in Iraq is a top priority for ensuring the sustainable development, with reduced surface water by as much as 33% in recent years, and its availability is forecasted even greater reductions by 2030. Challenges include lack of integrated management approaches, inefficient use of water in irrigation, accounting for 75-80% of the national water consumption, and risks from increasing water uses in riparian countries.
In May 2007 the ‘Road to 2050: Iraqi Waters’ conference was held in Amman, Jordan which brought together Iraqi Government ministers, politicians, officials, experts and representatives of international organizations and donor countries to discuss these key water issues. The Government of Iraq has shown its political commitment to ensuring adequate supply and appropriate water quality both for human consumption and for economic development.
The creation of the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) was intended to focus “strategic directions aiming at utilization of sustainable use of water and land conservation as opposed to the traditional role of the suppliers of water, abundant and unlimited’1 , which promotes the management of water resources among all the relevant sectors and institutions.
With high priority given to meet the attainment of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), UNDP, in accordance with its mandate, supported the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) to improve water resource management systems in Iraq in order to meet balancing the requirements of economic growth, human development and environmental sustainability.
The development of a Decision Support System (DSS), which is an interactive computer-based water modeling system, was introduced to support the Iraq with a set of management tools and platforms at practical level. The development of sound data collection systems and analytical tools was required to help water managers and other decision makers in parallel enhancing institutional coordination capacities to make informed decisions for the strategic management of the county’s water resources.
Within the integrated UN response to the challenges facing Iraq, UNDP has assumed a key role in supporting policy and strategy development, institutional strengthening and capacity building of the key Iraqi government institutions, embedding water governance principles.
1 His Excellency Dr. Latif J. Rashid, Iraqi Minister of Water Resources, Speech to the Opening Ceremony of the Iraq Development Program, Tuesday 28 June 2005.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
2 PROJECT OVERVIEW
The objective of the project was to support the development and implementation of a Decision Support System (DSS) within the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR). The DSS project was funded through the Government of Italy. The total resource allocated for the project was US$ 2,646,234. The expected output was to provide decision makers with tools to make better informed decisions for the strategic management of the county’s water resources. It also contributed to enhance the institutional coordination and capacity to deal with conflict of water share and allocation. UNDP has worked in close collaboration with the Ministry at all stages of the development and implementation of the DSS project.
A joint workshop was held in Amman in January 2009 between UNDP and the Ministry of Water Resources to define and agree on the results and resources framework for the project. Technical experts from Strategic Research Unit - National Water Research Center of the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation in Egypt and water experts from Jordan and Philadelphia University in the USA also provided inputs to help shape the project components.
The project put in place a functional data collection as an integral part of the decision support system enabling Iraqi counterparts to take a full ownership of operation, maintenance, oversight and future development of the system. Outputs of the project were divided into two phases:
Inception Phase (three months): assessment of the existing MoWR’s databases, information systems, and institutional structures and processes to design/develop proper the DSS in lines with institutional and human capacity needs; and
Implementation Phase (twenty one months): creation of the linkage between DSS and GIS designed, developed, made operational, and MoWR capacity to use and sustain the DSS.
During the inception phase, the scope of the work was re-defined in acknowledgement of the fact that a substantial component of the overall MoWR Decision Support System (DSS) was developed under the Strategy for Water and Land Resources of Iraq (SWLRI) project2.
SWLRI comprised of:
A series of analytical tools to be developed and made available for extensive use, among others, of system dynamic software; and GIS platform to be built with hydro-database.
2 Phase 1 (2010-2012) of the SWLRI project incorporated principles of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and adopted a strong evidence base approach describing the current state of the water resources system and needs for water supply, flood control, power generation and the environment and opportunities for the future.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
In the second half of 2010, the Ministry of Water Resources has requested UNDP and the Government of Italy to focus on two discreet outputs to support the Iraqi water sector reform. The expected outputs of the DSS project were therefore adjusted primarily to support:
1) Institutional and human capacity built, including: technical capacity of MoWR staff built, opportunities for lessons learning and exchange of experience provided, DSS and TIS incorporated into institutional structures, roles and work processed; and 2) DSS & TIS systems adopted and sustained, including: buy-in and endorsement from all key stakeholders obtained, capacity of decision-makers to interpret and use DSS information to inform decisions strengthened.
Detail outputs of activities are shown in Result Framework (Table 1.1).
Table 1: Results Framework
Output 1: Institutional and Targets (year 1) 1. Technical capacity of MoWR Human Capacity Building staff upgraded and built - Initiate development of technical Baseline: capacity building of MoWR staff. . Assess the training needs for technical staff to develop, The DSS/TIS team within the - Initiate identification and operate and maintain the DSS MoWR does not have the development of opportunities for and TIS systems (TNA) technical expertise to develop, lessons learning and exchange of . Develop a human resource operate or maintain a experience. development plan (HRDP) sustainable DSS system. . Develop curriculum for - Initiate incorporation of DSS and training and identify Indicators: TIS into institutional structures, appropriate providers. roles and work processes. . Develop documentation, 1. Technical capacity of MoWR training and outline user’s staff upgraded and built manual for DSS and TIS systems. 2. Opportunities for lessons Targets (year 2) . Provide training according learning and exchange of - Continue development of technical to needs identified in the HRDP experience provided (including e-learning) capacity building of MoWR staff. 3. DSS and TIS incorporated into institutional structures, - Continue development of opportunities for lessons learning 2. Opportunities for lessons roles and work processes learning and exchange of and exchange of experience. experience provided
- Continue incorporation of DSS and . Develop cooperation with TIS into institutional structures, similar projects (Study tours, roles and work processes. staff exchanges, networking
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
opportunities etc.).
Targets (year 3) 3. DSS and TIS incorporated - Continue development of technical into institutional structures, capacity building of MoWR staff. roles and work processes - Continue development of . Support institutional opportunities for lessons learning strengthening and building and exchange of experience. (design roles and job descriptions, structure of - Continue incorporation of DSS and operational unit etc.). TIS into institutional structures, roles and work processes.
Output 2: DSS & TIS systems Targets (year 1) 1. Buy-in and endorsement adopted and sustained from all key stakeholders - Define and initiate strategies of obtained. Baseline: encouraging buy-in and endorsement from all key stake . Identify the stakeholders in Decision makers do not have holders. all levels (stakeholders the technical knowledge mapping analysis) necessary to make use of a tool - Define and initiate strategies of . Develop and adapt like DSS. strengthening capacity strategies for communication, development among stake holders awareness building and Indicators: in order to interpret and use DSS advocacy to build support and endorsement. 1. Buy-in and endorsement information to inform decision. . Implement strategies for from all key stakeholders Targets (year 2) communication, awareness obtained. building and advocacy. - Continue to apply defined 2. Capacity of decision-makers strategies of encouraging buy-in 2. Capacity of decision-makers to interpret and use DSS and endorsement from all key stake to interpret and use DSS information to inform decisions holders. information to inform decisions strengthened. strengthened - Continue to apply defined . Develop tailor made strategies of strengthening capacity training and guidance material on interpretation of DSS development among stake holders models for decision makers. in order to interpret and use DSS . Encourage lessons learning information to inform decision. and exchange of experience (study tours, networking opportunities etc.) Targets (year 3)
- Continue to apply defined
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
strategies of encouraging buy-in and endorsement from all key stake holders.
- Continue to apply defined strategies of strengthening capacity development among stake holders in order to interpret and use DSS information to inform decision.
Intended Outcome as stated in the Country Programme Results and Resources Framework:
Outcome 4: GoI has the institutional framework to develop and implement MDG-based pro-poor, equitable and inclusive socio-economic and environmental policies and strategies. Capacity of institutions enhanced for the sustainable management of natural resources (MDG 7).
Outcome indicators as stated in the Country Programme Results and Resources Framework, including baseline and targets:
The Ministry of Water Resources makes effective use of DSS as a comprehensive and effective tool in decision making, taking the various sectors into consideration.
Applicable Key Result Area (from 2008-2011 Strategic Plan): Promote institutional strengthening and capacity development.
Partnership Strategy: Government of Italy: Funding, Ministry of Water Resources Iraq, Strategic Research Unit within the National Water Research Centre Egypt, International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM).
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
2.1 KEY ACTIVITIES
Inception phase:
On November 5th, 2009, UNDP tendered a Request for Proposal for the provision of consultancy services for an Inception Phase in the development of a Water Resources Decision Support System for the Ministry of Water Resources. With UNDP letter dated March 17th, 2010, MED Ingegneria s.r.l. was awarded the above contract. A contract between UNDP and the consultants was signed on March 23rd 2010 with an effective commencement date set for April 15th 2010, when a project’s kickoff meeting was held in Amman with representatives from UNDP Iraq, the Ministry of Water Resources, Government of Italy and the Consultant.
In this phase, UNDP and MED INGEGERIA developed the Project’s implementation plan to support enhancement of the MoWR’s capacity in decision making process. In accordance with the term of reference, MED INGEGERIA conducted a set of technical and institutional assessments to identify areas of capacity needs including key players within the Ministry of Water Resources (ANNEX 1-1), to assess requirement of technical specification (ANNEX 1-2) bridging capacity needs and to recommend appropriate modeling software and database system to meet MoWR’s expectations (ANNEX 1-3).
Originally, the study tour, as a part of the project, was supposed to pass by Italy, Egypt and Syria to learn about the assessment and the analysis of DSS examples, in order to provide a better understanding to the attendees. Due to the total duration of the Project Inception Phase (3 months) and the difficulties met while trying to get the Visa for the Iraqi delegation, it was agreed with UNDP to have the whole study tour hosted in Italy.
During the Study Tour in Italy, the Iraqi delegation found that the Egyptian DSS case study appears to be the most advanced one and the best example to be followed for the implementation of the Iraq’s DSS. It included a web based application, GIS component contained in dynamic geodatabase and a modeling tool based on programming languages. The DSS model included 12 mathematical models specifically designed, which together constitute the core simulator, covering several sectors in the water balance and socioeconomic aspects.
Iraq delegation concluded that the DSS tool would be a vital platform which the country needed, and could be institutionalized through a series of training modules focusing on its platform development, enhancement of institutional cooperation and coordination, knowledge of the possible improvement of the water consuming sectors.
The SWLRI project with the budget of $36 million was awarded to assist the Ministry in development of the DSS application. It consists of Phase 1 (2010-2012) and Phase 2 (2013-2014) to incorporate principles of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and adopted a strong evidence base approach describing the current state of the water resources system and needs for water supply, flood control, power generation and the environment and opportunities for the future.
Implementation Phase:
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
The parliamentary elections in Iraq took place in the beginning of 2010, and the long duration of the cabinet formation, the leadership of the Ministry was absent and less in a position to provide strategic guidance towards the future. This situation only improved in January 2011, when a new minister was appointed. Due to the prolonged delays in transitional time, the Project Team could not hold the Steering Committee meeting until May 2011 in order to define capacity building activities.
In the second half of 2012, UNDP resumed remaining activities including: 1) provision of the training modules for water modeling in line with the SWLRI’s outputs; 2) support of institutional capacity building; 3) exposure study tours to learn about institutional and legal regimes in India and Kazakhstan ; 4) Review of the SWLRI activities to enhance quality of tools that meet international standards and support of the continuity of the project beyond the project lifecycle.
(1)UNDP and UNESCO-IHE provided a series of technical trainings let by UNESCO-IHE and outlined the details of the training courses. A total of eight training courses were provided, with a focus on water modeling and scenario development tools. The details of courses can be described in Section 2.2.
(2) The initiative of the Local Water Committee was provided to create a platform to define current and future water needs and help the MoWR set priorities for sub-regional water allocation, opportunities for innovations in water management, water re-use/conservation, financing and cost recovery aspects which are further described in Section 2.3.
(3) The GOI officials and UNDP staff attended a workshop in Basra to draw lessons from the exposure study tours to India and Kazakhstan and the LWC initiative (Section 2.4.2 and 2.4.3).
(4) The GOI also requested the UNDP to inform the current state of knowledge (data and models) through the consultation which provided a peer review of the SWLRI progress. The independent evaluation was conducted to enhance the quality of the modeling tools, improve functionality of scenario development, and ensure that they met international standards (Section 2.5).
Below is the list of activities provided during the project lifecycle from 2009 to 2014.
2.1.1 TECHNICAL CAPACITY BUILDING:
Course 1: Introduction to ArcGIS, 10-14 January, 2012 Course 2: Introduction to HEC – DSS, HEC – HMS and HEC RAS3, 2-6 February, 2012 Course 3: HEC-ResSIM4 and MULINO DSS, 1-5 May, 2012 Course 4: Modelling with Mike SHE/Mike11, 18-22 November, 2012
3 US Army of Corp Engineers (USACE) established the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) that developed computer software made available for non USACE users to project hydrologic engineering and planning analysis. HEC-HMS represents the Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) while River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) performs one-dimensional steady flow, unsteady flow, sediment transport/mobile bed computations, and water temperature modeling. 4 The Reservoir System Simulation (HEC-ResSim) software is used to model reservoir operations at one or more reservoirs for a variety of operational goals and constraints.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
Course 5: Advance ArcGIS, 16-20 December, 2012 Course 6: HMS Advanced Applications: Case Study on Dyiala River, 9-13 December, 2013 Course 7: Introductory Course for Groundwater Management System (GMS), 6-13 February, 2014 Course 8: HEC-RAS’s Unsteady flow Analysis: Case Study on TIGRIS River D/S SAMARRA Barrage and U/S KUT Barrage , 16-20 February, 2014
2.1.2 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING:
DSS Study tour in Italy 18-25 July, 2010 DSS Inception workshop, 20-21 May, 2012 Local Water Initiative: 1st Pilot Study (Shatt Al-Hilla), 18 July, 2012 (3 months) Local Water Initiative: 2nd Pilot Study (Shatt Al-Garaf) , 6 September, 2012 ( 3 months) Strategic Review Report/ Water and Salinity Data, and Modelling Platform component of SWLRI to inform the UNDP capacity building program, 30 April, 2013 Participatory Water/Irrigation Management In India, Study Tour, 9-20 March, 2013 Sustainable Water Management in Kazakhstan, Study Tour, 25 August-1 September, 2013 Workshop on Lessons Learned from Study Tours, Basra, 29th October, 2013 Local Water Initiative: 3rd Pilot Study (Tigris in the East and South), 3 December, 2013 ( 3months)
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2.2 WATER MODELING TRAINING COURSES
UNDP provided a series of the technical trainings through UNESCO-IHE. In consultation with the MoWR, Dr. Ioana Popescu, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Department of Integrated Water Systems and Governance outlined the details of the training materials. The agendas and lists of participants are included in the (Annex 1-4). With the letter of agreements (LOAs) and UN2UN
Agreement (ANNEX 1-5), UNESCO-IHE and UNDP Dr. Ioana Popescu with MoWR’s staff, Iraq partnered together to provide basic and training on MIKE SHE MIKE 11 training advanced training courses for the Ministry of Water course 18-22 November, 2012 Resources.
A total of 59 MoWR officials were trained and supported to understand the mathematical and engineering problems to be solved. Water modeling training courses required specific information and data to be released from the MoWR in order to customize the modeling courses prior to the course date, and identify instructors who can provide requested training courses. Table 2 shows the list of training courses and follow-up materials provided which enabled the Ministry’s staff to access to the online platform for their own training, something that can be utilized as training for trainers for future sustainability.
All training courses were successfully completed through the beginning of 2012 to February 2014. The Ministry of Water Resources also contributed travel, accommodation and logistical cost for participants to the project as a form of cost sharing. In addition to the resources allocated under DSS, the total contribution from the Ministry was US $60,499. The breakdown of the cost per year can be found in expenditure section. Lessons learnt from the preparation of the courses are described as
follows:
Approval process for releasing data for the training courses took considerable time to proceed. The approval was necessary, it required a lot of time; It was not always the case that provided data was matching with the requirements for building a functional model with sufficient quality. It required Advanced Arc GIS many correspondences to pinpoint the 16-20 December, 2012 type of data needed;
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Data availability within the MoWR did not meet all needed data to complete a functional model. Based on the knowledge, portions of data were assumed as such models could be built and made functional when more data points expanded; and Due to the complexity of training package requested by the Ministry, availability of instructors was not easily found in a timely manner. UNDP and UNESCO-IHE closely communicated with the Ministry to arrange the courses in accordance with their availability.
Table 2: Outputs of UNDP/UNESCO-IHE Training Courses
Training UNESCO- IHE # of MoWR Outputs Course Lecturers staff trained
Introduction to Dr. Paolo 5 10-14 January, Introductory remote sensing course ArcGIS Paron 2012 highlighting thematic mapping and visualizations of data processing procedure was provided. The MoWR officials learned the principles of Geo- referencing images, drainage network extraction, drainage basin and sub- basin delineation.
Introduction to Dr. Ioana 6 2-6 February, Introductory courses of HEC-DSS, HEC- HEC – DSS, HEC Popescu 2012 HMS and HEC-RAS were provided. The – HMS and HEC MoWR officials learned a series of RAS Dr. Andreja platforms to simulate hydrological Jonoski modeling scenarios. The courses covered the basics of: flow model simulation, surface flow analysis, catchment modeling, flow calibration and water budgeting.
HEC-ResSIM Dr. Ioana 6 1-5 May, 2012 HEC-Ressim is a graphical interface to and MULINO Popescu project multiple modelling scenarios on DSS reservoir simulation system. This was Dr. Andreja an introductory course so that the Jonoski MoWR officials may need additional Dr. Paolo courses to advance their knowledge Paron and skills in future.
Modelling with Dr. Ioana 10 18-22 Mike 11 is designed to project scenario Mike Popescu November, 2012 models for river system. The MoWR SHE/Mike11 officials learned on how to build a Dr. Andreja customized modelling through
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Jonoski adjusting hydrograph, calibration and catchment taking into account river network and land use.
Advance Dr. Hans van 8 16-20 December, Advanced GIS course was provided ArcGIS der Kwast 2012 with a focus on spatial analysis, interpolation (point data and contour lines) and model builder to project automation of catchment delineation. The MoWR officials developed their first dynamic model.
HMS Advanced Dr. Ioana 7 9-13 December, HEC-HMS course was customized to Applications: Popescu 2013 meet the requirement of the MoWR Case Study on with a focus on models of surface Dyiala River Dr. Andreja runoff and storage, input of time series Jonoski of observed data in Diyala River. 3 out of 8 officials had a prior knowledge of HECHMS, hence an introduction course was provided. It showed a good understanding of the processes taking place in Diyala river and lecturers are confident that they are able to use the model and to implement future scenarios into the model.
Introductory Dr. Ioana 9 6-13 GMS is a conceptual groundwater Course for Popescu February,2014 modeling software directly converted Groundwater to numerical models solved by Management Dr. Andreja MODFLOW. The participants gained System (GMS) Jonoski sufficient knowledge on the basic usage of GMS and they are prepared to start using this software for developing groundwater models of aquifers in Iraq.
HEC-RAS’s Dr. Ioana 8 16-20 February, HEC-RAS course was customized to Unsteady flow Popescu 2014 build a case with focus on 80km reach Analysis: Case long of Tigris river, between Samarra Study on Dr. Andreja and Kut barrage in Iraq. This required TIGRIS River Jonoski the previous knowledge of HEC-RAS, D/S SAMARRA including the unsteady flow component Barrage and of HEC-RAS. At the end, participants U/S KUT were able to build a stable unsteady Barrage model of Tigris river, which can be used
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in their daily practice for understanding the behavior of other rivers in Iraq.
2.3 LOCAL WATER INITIATIVE
In early 2012, the MOWR established water users associations (WUAs) to strengthen institutional and coordination capacities along with Ministry of state- governorate affairs with the intention to providing a legal status to sub regional governorates as a similar way of promoting a river basin approach. It was a critical need for the MOWR to develop planning capacities at local level. This initiative was a key determinant of the effectiveness at the national level, since it is the end-users who have the biggest stake in fair water allocation, effective management, and improved water conservation. The Ministry of Water Resources has called for UNDP to facilitate establishing the Local Water Committees, as a first step to develop a constructive relationship between water users and water decision-makers and suppliers in Iraq.
The inception workshop held in Baghdad, May 20-21, 2012 was to explore the concept of “Local Water Committee” (LWC) and discuss expected outputs and time frame to implement the initiative. The objectives of the meeting were to:
Determine the possible mandates of LWCs; Define which water user groups should be represented as the LWCs; Determine the information and capacity-building needs of LWCs; and, Clarify the relationship between LWCs and central authorities and agencies.
A “Local Water Committee” is expected to be a local group of water users (all sectors) compromised of a sub-region (1-3 Governorates) which shares water resources.
Members of the Committee consisted of MoWR’s staff in Baghdad, the Directorates in respective governorates, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Environment, members from the Prime Minister’s Advisory Commission, and UNDP staff and consultants.
UNDP recruited Basra Development Service as a local service provider to support the LWCs initiative in order to implement the pilot programs. The purpose of the LWC’s facilitator assignment was to help the formation and define the functions of the LWCs. The services required a coordinator and two trainers/facilitators in Iraq. The scope of work included coordination with the UNDP CTA, with regard to the schedule, locations of the LWC meetings, and development of the training materials (information on decentralized water governance and development of the water map in each sub-region) and facilitation of the LWC monthly meetings and trainings. Expected outputs of the activity were presented in the Table 3.
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Table 3: Expected Outputs of the LWC Initiative
Output Deliverable(s) Timeframe Expected # of days
Communication between Effective contacts and cooperation with the 5 stakeholders facilitated LWC members established Monthly report produced Monthly LWC meetings organized and technical Each end of support activities provided month
Each month
Capacity building of the LWC The training and exchange visits for the LWC 2 trainings and 2 5 undertaken members provided exchange visits The organization of training and materials over course of shared with the MoWR and the LWC members the contract Additional training needs identified
Water maps developed Information on water in the region End of the second 5 (information on decentralized water month governance and development of the “water map” in each sub-region) collected Water map produced
Communication and awareness Communication strategy developed End of the third 4 strategy developed Key actors and stakeholders identified month Awareness strategy developed
Project Management Meeting in Baghdad or Basra organized to 2 report
2.3.1 Highlights of the LWC Initiative
The total of 187 officials participated in the initiative. The LWCs are formed in Shatt Al- Hillah, Shatt Al Gharraf and Tigris in the East and South, covering Babylon, Basra, Missan, Muthana, Diwaniya, Thi Qar and Wasit governorates. It served the MoWR to expand coordination capacity through the WUAs and supported establishment of the Local Water Committees (LWC), which was highly regarded by all participants.
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The highlight of the Shatt Al Hillah was that Muthana and Diwaneya governorates initiated their bilateral coordination right after the first meeting. It has shown the positive impact in bridging gaps between governorates to alleviate conflict at local level.
It is a clear indication from the LWC initiative that Iraq has to come up with the national investment plan to promote modernization of irrigation techniques, integrated land reclamation, and water rights on water allocation and share which may contribute to increase of crop productivity as well as income generation for farmers.
The LWC members agreed upon sustaining the initiative on the national scale, obligated to report findings and the recommendations to Ministry of State – Governorate Affairs, requesting issuance of the legal framework to form a joint committee---defining Term of Reference, mechanism of their work and legal status for the purpose of continuity of the work and their decisions to be granted by the legal authority.
2.3.2 1st Pilot Study (Shatt Al-Hillah)
The First LWC meeting was held on 18th July 2012 in Diwaniya Governorate. Twenty one representatives from three governorates: Muthana, Diwaniya and Babylon, where are located in Shatt Al-Hillah, discussed the way to facilitate coordination efforts by addressing common issues within their governorates.
The participants included the Chairman of Provincial Councils (PC), Governor’s First Deputy, Provincial Council (PC) members and Academics (ANNEX 1-6). It was the first time for governorates to discuss the regional issue, 1st meeting of Shatt Al Hilla in Diwaniya look for opportunities, and come up with ideas to Governorate facilitate water re-use/conservation.
The objective of the meeting was to examine the current status of water share and allocation within three governorates. Each briefed about issues on shortage of their water and outlined how it has affected on both agriculture and water sectors and became conflicts among them.
Committee members set a voting approach to make a decision on course of action to be taken. Committee representatives were nominated as follows:
Eng. Ahmed Kadhim Abdullah, Diwaniya Water Resources Director (Committee Chairman) Mr.Hameed Rasheed Kadhim, Babylon Water Resources Director Mr.Moahmmed Sahib Hassan, Muthana Water Resources Director
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Water share within Shatt Al-Hillah is currently allocated for 100m3/s divided to 60m3 to Hillah, 30m3 to Diwaniya and 10m3 for Muthana. Allocation is calculated as 1 cubic meter per second for each 5000 Dunems of fertile land.
In accordance with the ToR, UNDP requested LWC‘s representatives to provide data and information for the next meeting. They included:
Geographical boundaries of Shatt Al-Hillah Agricultural area in each of governorates Mapping the livestock production in Shatt Al-Hillah area Addressing the region specific issues Mapping end users of water in the three governorates The last five years of water share and allocation
The Second LWC meeting was held on 3rd September 2012 in Muthana Governorate along with representatives from three governorates: Muthana, Diwaniya and Babylon. Participants included Governor’s First Deputy, PC members, local governments, farmer’s associations and the Ministry of Water Resources (ANNEX 1-7). Media channels were there to broadcast the coverage.
Each governorate addressed issues underlying water shortage as follows: 2nd meeting of Shatt Al Hilla in Al Muthanna Recent increase of climatic variation, in Governorate particular drought severely impacted on water allocation for summer seasons Water quality in Shatt Al-Hillah deteriorated and sources of pollutants to be identified Lack of understanding of dynamics of irrigation affecting to availability of water resources and types of irrigation methods which are not clearly understood Lack of clear understanding of the usability and its distribution of groundwater resources for agriculture and livestock Lack of understanding of cultivated areas that allows to estimate the amount water required for allocation and share in each governorate Lack of data, data collection procedure, planning and methodology and monitoring capacity Lack of public awareness on water saving and its techniques
Participants also addressed the important issue that there is a considerable gap on water share between what was available prior to 2003 and beyond. This was due to result of upstream development such as
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT dam construction near the border of riparian countries, contributing to decrease of surface water flowing into Iraqi inlet canals. Iraq raised this issue with their neighboring countries, but it was not successful. In fact, this is not only a matter of the current political climate, but also due to the fact that drought is affecting in the entire Arab region and its states. Another critical point addressed was the lack of incentive to support infrastructure development, which has been neglected for a long time.
The LWC members confirmed that common issue on water shortage is the timing of the demand and supply control as farming season starts at the same time in particular during the time of the first round of irrigation. It is therefore clear that the issue here is related to the matter of coordinating the timing of water allocation.
The following recommendations are proposed as a course of actions to be taken in future:
Protecting Shatt Al-Hillah from pollution (waste water and industrial pollution) Strengthening compliance mechanism to ensure utilization of allocated water (for famers to comply with the legal obligation) under legislation (No.12) Promoting use of modern irrigation and water saving techniques through public awareness campaigns Land readjustment: processing reclamation of Al-Shafeiah in Diwaneyah governorate where suffers from unplowed land and non-agricultural land Legalizing the LWC structure that can facilitate coordination and networking with the federal Water Resources as well as Environment and Water Resources Directorates Reaching the agreements of water share and allocation between governorates prior to farming season (as November is the beginning of the farming season in that area)
The highlight of the Second meeting was that Muthana and Diwaneya initiated their coordination at bilateral level right after the first meeting. Muthana governorate and Diwaneya governorate formally recognized their commitment on water share between two governorates. This effort was considered as a positive outcome of the initiative to bridge gaps to alleviate conflict on water share. 3rd meeting of Shatt Al Hilla in Babylon th The Third LWC meeting was held on 19 November Governorate 2012 in Babylon Governorate. Representatives were from three governorates; Muthana, Diwaniya and Babylon; which are located in Shatt Al-Hillah area (ANNEX 1-8). The participants included the PC Chairman, Governor’s First Deputy and PC members. A media representative was also there to broadcast the coverage. The objective of the Third meeting was to develop the concrete action plans by three governorates.
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The Chairman of the Muthana’s Agriculture Committee was pleased that the LWC initiative has already provided tangible outcome at sub-regional level. The timing of the meetings was appropriate in that governorates responded to each other in a timely manner as farming season started in November.
Mr.Hameed, the Chairman of Water Resources in Babylon invited all to share their views on setting the action plans. The LWC representatives reached consensus on:
The effective control of wastewater management and specially those impacting on downstream water users and fish farms through coordination with the governorate’s administrative unit—in accordance with appropriate irrigation laws Implementing modernized irrigation plans starting from the coming year including water efficiency methods such as tube irrigation and salinity tolerant crops Initiating pilot projects introducing modern irrigation techniques and conducting comparative study to see differences in water usage Rehabilitating tillage and setting a plan to integrate reclamation scheme (Shafeiah - Diwaneiah) Updating database and making it inclusive and integrated for users to access to data and information Rehabilitating the existing water control facilities that can be operated remotely Promoting awareness campaigns on water saving through media support-- coping with local and federal authorities to launch irrigation campaigns Exploring a possibility to utilize water in Almasab Alaam near watershed in Shatta Al Hillah or its river trails ---coordination with the Ministry of Water Resources required Utilizing groundwater resources in rural areas Recruiting water observers to enhance monitoring capacity in the targeted area Capacitating the water users associations in the three governorates Securing water share for the irrigation river of Rumaitha
Mr. Qasim Jaber, the First deputy Governor of Muthanna and the Chairman of the Supreme Agriculture Committee briefed the LWC initiative with the Prime Minister and he stressed that there needs a strategy to form the Water Council that can legally coordinate between Governorates. This ideas was proposed and to be submitted to the Ministry Council in order to legalize and follow by the voting process.
The LWC members welcomed the success of the initiative and promised to continue their support and thanked UNDP for their involvement.
2.3.3 2nd Pilot Study (Shatt Al-Garaf)
The First LWC meeting was held on 6th September 2012 in Missan governorate. 34 representatives participated from three governorates; Missan, ThiQar and Wasit where are located in Shatt Al-Garaf
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT area (ANNEX 1-9). The participants included the Directorates, Governor’s First Deputies, Missan’s farmers and members of Provincial Council. Representatives of the central government were not invited at this time.
UNDP representative opened the session by familiarizing the attendees with the initiative and its role in supporting government policies on decentralization in the management of resources and the idea of forming a local water committee.
Mr. Majeed Mohammed from Missan Governorate elected as the Secretary of the Committee who will communicate with other two Governorates.
UNDP representative outlined the scope of work and 1st meeting of Al Gharaf in Missan each step to follow through 1) identifying the current Governorate situation of each governorate in Shatt Al-Gharraf areas, 2) presenting data and information addressing issues and 3) finding solutions on water share and allocation through introducing policies and advancing technical support.
The First Deputy of Missan Governor welcomed the LWC initiative and pointed out that water scarcity in the Missan province has been severely impacted on marshes result in loss of farm land and cattle and buffaloes.
The First Deputy of Thi Qar Governor addressed that there is a claim or accusation toward Thi Qar governorate not providing allocated water proportion to Missan Governorate.
Issues addressed by the LWC members as follows:
Consequence of water shortage in Al-Sabilah, a branch of the River Al Gaharraf result in loss of wetland and marches—lands left uncultivated, retreat of livestock and disappearance of buffalo in addition to migration of the people in the area to the South: Amarah, Nasiriyah and Basra Al Sabilah channel in Missan only received one fifth of water (1.5-2.0 cubic meters per second) as opposed to 10 cubic meters per second, which is pre-authorized allocation of water by the Ministry of Water Resources (in accordance with rules set by the MoWR as 1 cubic meter per second per 5000 Dunems) Missan governorate is not receiving its full share of water due to the branches located in Thi-Qar Governorate. This was due to lack of infrastructure such as no lined, absence of regulators, farmer’s abuse—rules and regulations were not complied with.
UNDP representative also asked the participants to provide data and information for the next meeting, which included:
Geographical boundaries of the regions of the Shatt al-Gharraf
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Agricultural area in each of governorate Map of the livestock production The list of problems and obstacles in Al Gharraf The list of all main users and the issues The last five years of water share and allocation including this year
The Second LWC meeting for Shatt Al-Gharraf was held on 4th December 2012 in ThiQar governorate. 23 Representatives participated from three governorates; Missan, ThiQar and Wasit located in Shatt Al- Garaf area (ANNEX 1-10). The participants included the Directorates, Governor’s First Deputies and PC members. Media channels were present and covered the whole event with interviews.
The highlight of the meeting was to discuss with the Chief Commander of Armed Forces regarding the ways to reduce the abuses on water shares through the activation of the water laws. The Wasit Deputy Governor addressed an urgent action to be taken to mitigate water shortage otherwise this situation gets worse and would lead to an environmental crisis.
The Missan Deputy Governor recommended to prioritize action plans in order to move things forward and appreciated the UNDP’s support for this sensitive issue. The LWC reviewed data and information and issues.
Issues addressed by each governorate as follows:
Thi Qar Governorate
Lands in Thi Qar are not reclaimed The irrigation channels in the governorate forming 17% of the total channels in Iraq excluding KRG. Channel is not confined, so considerable water loss during its distribution Irrigation channels are not well organized nor does proper drainage system installed Outdated irrigation technologies used to pump water and transportation loss can be considerable. Water discharge both in Tigris and Euphrates are not managed especially in farming season which negatively impact on Al- Gharraf Basin Absence of adequate water monitoring stations Absence of regulators Lack of technical and engineering staff Lack of field transportation vehicles
Wasit Governorate
Share of water allocation is not according the agricultural areas in particular Ukail River, a main source of water for the farmers Water shares for regulator 1 and 4 are not according to the agricultural plan of the governorate Lack of technical and engineering staff
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Lack of modern devices to calculate the water shares for each governorate The compliance mechanism against abusers is not set in place
Missan Governorate
Portion of allocated water for Missan water is consumed by Wasit and Thi-qar governorates Channels diverted with branches resulting in losing water Absence of modern irrigation techniques-- there is only one irrigation project in Said Ahmed Rifaee area Lack of water share monitoring stations
Mr. Alsaffar confirmed that Mr. Arajee, the Chief of Armed Forces will communicate with the federal government together with the Governorates to discuss compliance and enforcement against water abusers as well as the way to mitigate the loss of water shares.
The following recommendations were proposed by the LWC representatives:
Necessity of increase of the water release -- currently agreed upon 30 days to making it to 45 days for the period from 15 October to 25 November Formulating a joint committee from three governorates to discuss Shatt Al Gharraf water share along with the federal government and request the National Center for Water Resources Management for setting a program regarding seasonal water release agreement in particular before summer and winter: this requires negotiations on: 1) the line between Baghdad and Wasit Governorates, 2) the end of Sadir Al-Gharraf regulator, 3) the end of sector 2 regulator, and 4) the end of Al-Kut dam Supporting farmers to promote closed irrigation system in the river tails areas Considering marshland protection taking into account the water budget in Shatt Al Gharraf Requesting the Ministry of Water Resources to announce the daily water releases to media and launch a common awareness campaign between the three governorates Installing treatment plants to prevent water pollution flowing into Shatt Al-Gharraf Adapting the recommendations from the last technical meeting held in 28 November 2012 and the local governments to follow up this issue and to prepare a semi-monthly report Installing water monitoring stations and providing training for technical and engineering staff Supporting the reclamation of lands to increase the agricultural areas Activating the laws related to administrative unit and their authority to build compliance and enforcement capacity
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2.3.4 3rd Pilot Study (Tigris in East and the South)
The First LWC meeting was held on December 2013 in Missan governorate. 22 participated from three governorates; Missan, Wasit and Basrah where are located in the East and South of Tigris River representatives. The agenda and list of participants can be found in ANNEX 1-11. The Secretariat of the Committee was nominated and LWC members addressed water issues facing within each governorate. UNDP representative asked the participants to provide data and information for the next meeting, which included:
Geographical boundaries of the region Agricultural area in each of governorate Map of the livestock production The list of problems and obstacles specific to the region The list of all main users and the issues The last five years of water share and allocation including this year
The Second LWC meeting was held on 9th January 2014 in Basra governorate. 21 representatives participated from three governorates; Maysan, Wasit and Basra, where are located in Tigris in the East and South. The participants included the Directorates, Governor’s Second Deputies and Consultant (ANNEX 1-12).
The opening remark was let by Ms. Manal Aziza, UNDP National Project Officer and 2nd meeting of Main Tigris river in Basrah UNDP Coordinator with brief on the LWC Governorate activities and programs carried out in collaboration with the Ministry of Water Resources.
Mr. Alladeen Al-Tamimi, Director of Water Resources Chairman in Basrah Province, wished the success of this meeting and briefed about the current status of Tigris River starting from Al-Messa’d village and ending in the drainage at Shatt Al-Arab with an approximately 42 km of the length. He highlighted issues related to water allocation necessary to sustain current needs (currently share is 75 cubic meters per second) coming from rear of Kalat Salih regulator.
Dr. Mehsin, Governor’s consultant and representative of Higher Education in Basrah, warned that water in the South is in a serious condition ---catastrophic in case no preventive measures taken by the federal and local governments. He also stressed the legislation for National Water Council to be urgently passed and called for International Organizations to support negotiation with neighboring countries on water, particularly with UNDP.
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Mr. Hasan Al-Saffar, representative of the Ministry of Water Resources, confirmed that it is of Ministry’s interest and effort in ensuring adequate water allocation for Basrah and Missan in order to minimize salinity ratio in Shatt Al-Arab and in fact Basrah is the most affected region as it is downstream fromrecent dam construction (e.g. Jazra and Aleeso Dams). He also mentioned that the Ministry of Water Resources has started to build water storages and secure the share of water to Basra, enough to reduce the salinity of the Shatt al-Arab, at the same time stressing the need to find solutions and ways to eliminate or minimize the negative effects of the salinity. Director of Environment of Basrah warned if salinity in Shatt Al-Arab ever increased it will deteriorate ecosystem in the region.
Mr. Tarek Kadhum Mayee, Director of Agriculture in Missan Province and Deputy Governor of Wassit echoed what Mr. Hasan Al Saffar mentioned. There is a need of strategy for provinces, in particular, promoting increase of water efficiency for irrigation and water harvesting techniques. The Ministry of Water Resources has a plan to promote the use of modern methods of irrigation and there are pilot projects being implemented in Karbala, Najaf and Wasit using sprinkler irrigation.
Mr. Hadi Badir, Chairman of Farmers Association in Al-Qurna Sub-district drew attention to the need for water users to enhance coordination among three governorates in order to balance water allocation dedicated for each governorate, otherwise the sub-district is exposed to greater risk of water shortage.
Mr. Hashim Mohsin Habib, Director of Marshes Rehabilitation Directorate in Missan province addressed water allocation for marshes--- re-Flooding to Al-Huwaiza marsh across between Missan and Basrah provinces. The issue lies in the Hewaiza marshland in the Missan, which has been re-flooded while the other side of the Marshland in Basrah has almost 0% re-flooded. The reason behind is that there is a closed water pipe located underneath a passageway of the Marshland in Missan preventing water from flowing to Basra. It is closed due to the security reason as it is a pathway for the Army. This severely impacted the residents of the marsh in Basrah as well as their properties of livestock, although there has been an agreement (but not practically exercised) in principle to formulate the technical committee between the two local governments. Under supervision of the Ministry of Water Resources, this initiative can be seen as a case model when local water committee plays a role in coordinating to work as common issues to be solved.
Through the course of the meetings held in Missan and Basra, the LWC representative identified issues in Tigris River:
Most of lands in Basrah and Missan governorates are not reclaimed Frequent abuse of water near the adjacent canals prevailing due to lack of compliance and enforcement capacities Basrah is most affected, in particular as a result of the Iranian side tributaries being blocked Outdated irrigation systems consuming large amount of water and irregularity of water release in the Tigris in planting seasons, impacting negatively on farming and livestock practices Unregulated irrigation canals and the lack of effective monitoring system Lack of financial incentives and supports from the federal government to alleviate issues on water share and allocation
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The following recommendations proposed by the LWC representatives:
Missan Governorate:
Developing utilization of recycled water system through utilizing treated sewage disposal Consideration of environmental flow in ecological zones and marshes to protect importance of natural assets in the region Upgrading irrigation methods and reclamation of tillage to increase cultivated lands Enhancing the role of water users' associations Developing water harvesting techniques to ensure maximum use of rain water and floods Adopting water tariff and collecting irrigation charges from farmers Capacitating monitoring, compliance and enforcement mechanism to minimize the risk of over consumption of water and designating authorities to ensure its compliance Promoting ecotourism in the area of the marshes Promoting crop varieties resistant to salinity and developing plans to mitigate land degradation such as combating desertification in the region Strengthening coordination efforts with the Parliament, federal and local authorities Proposing an idea of releasing more water from the Kut Dam to meet the requirement of water share (at least 220-250 cubic meter per second for Missan and Basra governorates) Building treatment plants and desalinization facilities at Shatt Al-Arab
Basrah Governorate:
Securing allocation of water at minimum of 75 cubic meter per second within or downstream of the Qalaat Salih Re-flooding the Al-Huwaiza marsh through opening the Lisan Agerdah dam— a pilot study to be conducted Promoting sub regional coordinating with Thi Qar Province in order to secure the main drainage water flowing into Marshland (Hor Al-Hammar) whose water is adjacent to Shatt Arab—where the dryness of the Marsh causes increasing in the salinity which will impact on Shatt Al Arab during heavy rain periods Promoting awareness campaign through media and educating farmers and water users Passage of Law for the establishment of the Water Council to be promoted in order to integrate coordination efforts among governorates: Missan, Basra and Thi Qar
Wasit Governorate:
Modernization of irrigation techniques and agricultural practices with support of the Ministry of Water Resources and Agriculture Developing a comprehensive irrigation plan and budget allocated for canal development and land reclamation
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The LWC members agreed upon sustaining of the initiative in Tigris River, to report findings and the recommendations to Ministry of State – Governorate Affairs and request issuance of the legal framework to form a joint committee---defining Term of Reference, mechanism of their work and legal status for the purpose of continuity of the work and their decisions to be granted by the Ministries.
2.4 EXPOSURE STUDY TOURS
The Ministry of Water Resources and UNDP identified areas of capacity needs and interests for the Ministry. During the inception phase, the exposure study to Italy was proposed to see examples of the DSS application utilized in other countries and learn how it is used and managed. The delegates visited Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (IAMB) Institute in July 2010 and the expected outputs included improved understanding of the DSS and its challenges and opportunities in Iraq. The follow-up study tours were designed in a manner to draw practical lessons and techniques which will help address the key water challenges and capacity gaps to be identified.
The Iraqi delegates visited two counties: India and Kazakhstan (See Annex for the travel itinerary). In each county, the delegation was briefed by the UNDP Country Offices and met with the group of government officials representing different departments, sectors and CSOs, who escorted them to field sites. They communicated actively with the counterparts to learn from their lessons and listen to their concerns, challenges and constraints, and identify opportunities for improved water governance practices with modernized techniques. The main scope of the tour was to provide an opportunity for Iraqi officials to learn about experiences in (1) institutional and legal regimes that affect the water sector; 2) community water management practices that have elements of conflict resolution on water share, allocation and distribution; (3) participatory irrigation management in rural areas; 4) trans- boundary water shares and its negotiation strategies; 5) civil society involvement in water saving and awareness rising activity.
These study tours facilitated the learning of Iraqi officials about water governance institutions such as Water Councils, commissions, water legislations, local water rights, water sharing arrangements, and conflict resolution mechanism and also provided an opportunity for Iraqi officials to observe field based operations in response to increased demand in water share and allocation. They witnessed innovative rain/run-off water harvesting, small-scale irrigation and water resources control techniques especially to address seasonal and spatial changes in water availability efficiently and ensure stability in agricultural and livestock productivity.
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2.4.1 Study Tour in Italy
Six representatives from the GOI and UNDP representatives participated in the study tour in Bari, from 18th to 22nd of July, and later in Venice, from 22nd to 25th of July 2010.
The main scope of the tour was the assessment of Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (IAMB). The delegates learned about Institute’s possible role in the project and DSS examples, in order to provide a better understanding about what a DSS is, what are its components, how it is Consorzio della Capitanata: Presentation led by used, how it can help in the decision making the IAMB director processes, and finally how it is possible to apply those existing technology to Iraq case study (ANNEX 1-1).
A series of presentations was provided for the delegates to see the application of the DSS tools. Iraqi officials spent in the field at the “Consorzio della Capitanata”, an irrigation water Authority. This field visit aimed to show the IAMB’s work and capacities in advanced technologies for irrigation and the management of infrastructures through the DSS. On the second day, there was an interactive discussion between the Iraqi representative and the Director about the governance of the Consorzio. Field visit: reservoir The third day was dedicated to gain better understanding on how a DSS works. IAMB presented a focus on the Web GIS application developed in Syria with interactive examples of system navigation. It shows the relationship between four extremely important elements: population growth; water supply (and use); food demand and production; and measures taken and investments made to avoid hunger, and even starvation, situations in the coming century.
The delegation also visited “Consortia di Bonifica Brenta”. Presentation of the main activities of the Consorzio, and of the web GIS based application they use as a Decision Support System for the management of the maintenance activities of the reclamation and irrigation sectors. After the presentation, the delegation visited a field to see a sprinkler irrigation project area and the power production plant site.
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Egypt and Syria examples have a national scale and are more compatible with the characteristics that the Iraq DSS will have. Particularly Egyptian DSS is an example as a full scale application, while Syrian system is still at the development stage. In fact Syrian project has just started: the creation of the DSS started two years ago and the first step was the implementation of the basic cartography and of the Web GIS that allows the visualization of the interested features. In addition, Iraq and Egypt water resources systems are pretty different, but several modules and the general schematization of the tool can be well applied for the development of the DSS in Iraq.
During the Study Tour the Iraqi delegation was exposed to see examples of practical application of DSS. Among the examples shown, the Egyptian DSS appears to be the most advanced one and the best example to be followed for the implementation of the Iraqi DSS.
In order to determine appropriate DSS application for Iraq, MED INGEGERIA, a study tour organizer conducted a set of technical and institutional assessments to identify areas of capacity needs including key players within the Ministry of Water Resources (ANNEX 1-1), to assess requirement of technical specification (ANNEX 1-2) bridging capacity needs and to recommend appropriate modeling software and database system to meet MoWR’s expectations (ANNEX 1-3).
2.4.2 Study Tour in Kazakhstan
Nine representatives from the GOI (two from the MOWR and seven from the LWC members of Shatt al Garaf and two officials from UNDP Iraq) participated in the Kazakhstan study tour from 25 August-1 September 2013 (ANNEX 1-13).
The main objectives of this study tour were to:
Learn about Kazakhstan’s experience on Integrated Water Resources Iraqi Delegation in in Ministries’’ complex /Astana on Management (IWRM) and principles of river basin approach; 26 August 2013 Expose to issues of sustainable water
use, and trans-boundary water shares with neighboring states; Learn about Kazakhstan’s water operating system and irrigation techniques, and water distribution; and Learn NGOs best practices on using drip irrigation and community led water saving.
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Highlights of the Kazakhstan Study Tour
Iraq delegation met with Mrs. Ekaterina Paniklova, UNDP Deputy Resident Representative along with UNDP Kazakhstan team and was briefed about Kazakhstan’s water issues. After the Rio +20 conference, Kazakhstan government adapted the green economy initiative and considered water as a driver of economic development.
Mr. Abdulrutha, Iraqi Team leader, Head of MoWR’s operation and maintenance of irrigation briefed about Iraq’s situation to Kazakhstan country office team and he was Meeting with Mrs. Ekaterina, UNDP Deputy interested in Kazakhstan’s experience on Resident Representative negotiation with upstream countries to secure the water rights and water allocations at local level.
Mr. Peterakov Igor, Advisor of the Chairman of Committee of Water Resources in Kazakhstan explained that the water in the republic is managed through the river basin principles. There are eight river basins located in trans-boundary water courses. Over 40% of the annual renewable surface water come from the territory of surrounding states and water is considered as a strategic instrument as mean of sustaining international relations.
Kazakhstan signed the Helsinki convention on trans-boundary water resources that can facilitate negotiation with neighboring states on a bilateral basis. Kazakhstan has also adopted the local solutions through introducing new irrigation technologies to maximize utilization of effective water distribution and develop a strategy for a way of securing water for dry season. Iraq delegation learned that Kazakhstan government intends to establish Kazakhstan-Aid to support neighboring countries to support regional coordination.
Iraqi delegation also observed a good initiative led by a community in Arnasay village, Arshalyn district in Akmolinsk region. The delegation met with a head of a NGO as well a school teacher, who advocates awareness and education on how to save water through introducing new irrigation techniques in class. Visiting Arnasay village to learn about a local NGO initiative on water saving
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UNDP –Kazakhstan awarded many local groups funds to support establishment of the pilot projects which has been seen as successful and resulting in higher production of vegetables and fruits through minimizing water loses. The delegation learned that students can also work as a volunteer during their school holidays along with teachers to maintain the vegetation through course of year.
Iraqi delegation visited the Ministry of Environment to meet with Mr. Siriq Modaeev, Head of the Basin inspection in the Almaty, who is responsible for ensuring 618,000 acres of the irrigated area in the region. Highlighting importance of establishing structured water distribution mechanism, key to success is to balance water distribution and strategize best use of water. In particular Kazakhstan has been successful in managing water through authorizing water allocation licenses which allow each individual or farmer to irrigate their land within the given Visiting the Regional Environmental Center for Central allocation of water depending on type of Asia (CAREC) crops, areas and seasonal demands. Water usage is controlled by regulators and it is free of charge unless their consumption exceeds the given allocations.
Dr. Iskandar Abdullaev, Executive Director of the Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia (CAREC)5 presented the organogram of the Center and briefed about CAREC’s roles and responsibilities at regional level. The center is an independent, non-profit and non-political organization, to deal with trans-boundary water and partner with local NGOs and governmental organizations. It functions as a regional hub station and has offices in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, working with the EU and UNDP. The CAREC is currently working on trans-boundary cooperation on small watersheds in Central Asia and providing technical guidance on environmental governance and water resources management in the region. The objective of CAREC is to support river basin approach with set of administration skills and techniques though capacity building and advocating utilization of recycle water.
The Iraqi delegation also visited International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS)6 to learn about a negotiation process between the countries, and development of bilateral and multi co-operations. A number of treaties and agreements on water sharing have been supported by the organization. To date, two Aral Sea basin programs (ASBP1 and ASBP2) have been implemented from 1995 to 2010 and ASBP3 program has been recently launched in 2011 until 2015. Head of IFASS presented an ongoing project
5 The Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia (CAREC) was established in accordance with the decision of the 4th Pan- European Conference held in 1998 in Aarhus (Denmark). Founders of CAREC are Central Asian countries consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, as well as the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the European Commission (EC). 6 The International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS) is an interstate organization established in order to fund and credit joint regional environmental and research programmes and projects aimed at saving the Aral Sea and improving the environmental situation in the areas affected by the disaster as well as solving regional socio-economic problems.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT which supports re-flooding of the Aral Sea, which is relevant to that of Iraq’s case in Basra marshland issue. He also indicated Kazakhstan plans to participate in Ramsar Convention when the Aral Sea is reformed.
Lessons learnt:
The delegation witnessed the ways Kazakhstan integrated IWRM approaches on management of trans-boundary water resources which can be applicable for Iraq’s case in particular water to be seen as a vital instrument for the country’s economic development.
They were exposed to see good initiatives at local level being practiced in Kazakhstan such as licensing water allocation, inspection scheme and setting tariff with comprehensive water policies. Iraq can introduce these approaches to utilize water Group photo with representatives from International at local level. The delegation realized that Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS) operation and maintenance should be also improved as compared to what was seen on the site visit to Almaty Canal. In order for such systems and mechanisms to be operationalized, Iraq also needs to strengthen the law enforcement capacities to ensure the best use of water resources with a view to developing trans-boundary water cooperation.
The delegates realized that the regional coordination in the Aral Sea has a similar implication to that of marshlands in Iraq that can facilitate regional initiatives with neighboring countries, along with a set of public awareness programs on water conservation in particular designed for farmers, youth and societies.
Visiting Almaty Canal
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2.4.3 Study Tour in India
Eleven officials form the Government of Iraq and two UNDP representatives attended the India study tour from 9-20 March 2013. The agenda and list of participants can be found in ANNEX 1-14.
The overall objectives of the visit were intended to: Provide an opportunity to Iraqi officials to learn about India’s experience in (1) institutional and legal regimes that affect the water sectors; 2) community water management practices that have elements of conflict resolution on water share, allocation and distribution; (3) participatory irrigation management in rural areas and; (4) create comprehensive synergies and coordination mechanism among state-level officials within the context of the regional water management; Facilitate learning of Iraqi officials about India’s water governance institutions such as Water Councils, commissions, water legislations, local water rights, water sharing arrangements, and conflict resolution Iraqi delegation Group photo with HE Ambassador of mechanism; and Iraq and UNDP India Country Director Provide an opportunity to Iraqi officials to observe field based operations in response to increased demand in water share and allocation especially during dry season.
Highlights of the India Study Tour
UNDP India Country Office Briefing:
Mr. Girma Hailu, UNDP Iraq Programme Advisor, briefed objectives of the study tour and invited the Iraqi delegation members to introduce themselves and their expectations of the study tour. Mr. Hussein Baga Director General of the Ministry of Water Resources and the team leader thanked both UNDP Iraq and India and explained the expectation of the Iraqi Visiting UNDP India for briefing
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT delegation.
Mr. Srinivasan Iyer, Assistant Country Director of UNDP India made a presentation on the overall water sectors and UNDP support to India. He stated that Monsoon rains are the major sources of water supporting 60% of agricultural productivity whereas 40% is covered through irrigation from surface and ground waters. Agriculture takes 92% and water supply while sanitation shares 8% of the available water supply. Most of the mega water infrastructure works are done by the central and major/intermediary/branches by the states.
The way India manages water is following: policy, coordination, and framework legal/regulatory directions are set by the Central Government. However, due to the 1.2 billion populations’ multi sectoral water demand, the Central Government has decentralized these functions through establishing essential institutions such as Ministries of Irrigation, Urban Water Supply and Sanitation, Rural Water Supply and Sanitation, Central Water Commission, Central Ground Water Board, and Planning Commission. Central Government institutions are working in collaboration with their state level counterparts.
Visiting Planning Commission:
The Iraq delegation met with Dr. Mihir Shah Member, Planning Commission with the rank of Minister of State in the presence of Mrs. Caitli Wiesen, the Country Director of UNDP India and Mr. Shah extensively explained the water/irrigation management structure in India, which was highly influenced by the British Common law system giving the legal rights to private land owners. This led to an unprecedented competition in exploiting underground water resulting in not being crop selective or concerned for water scarcity during dry seasons. After independence in 1947, this practice changed, particularly after the 12th National Plan, when a paradigm shift occurred based on the understanding that water is not only an engineering/hydrology issue but economic, social, environmental and security issue that cannot be left to the discretion of the individuals. State ownership of water was further strengthened by participatory irrigation management (PIM). This helped minimize the incidence of conflicts over use of Presentation by the State Irrigation Dept. representative water and widely practiced unsustainable Ahmadabad, Gujarat management. The Central Planning Commission coordinates the work of the Ministries of Water Supply and Sanitation for the rural areas; Ministry of Water Supply and Sanitation for the Urban Areas through appropriate policy, legislations, budgetary allocation and information. Each of the 28 States has its own Water and
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Irrigation departments depending on the context that will help implement broad national directions into local situation.
In line with the principle of subsidiarity and decentralized governance, the Planning Commission is developing a Framework of Water Law that will be domesticated by the States in accordance with the local conditions.
Most of the strategic dams, major canals and branches are constructed and managed by the central government. The states then mandate the minor and distribution canals. The farmers’ water users associations manage the small canal outlets taking it to the farm gates. This arrangement has been practically witnessed at the Kansa Water Association site at the Mahi Irrigation system in Anand, Gujarat. This has proven to be effective due to the water service charges that help continuously maintain the small canals and inlets.
Visiting Ahmadabad, Gujarat
The 60 million population state of Gujarat covers 196,000 sq. km with a 1.7millon/ha irrigated agricultural land out of which 1/2million ha is managed by the Water Users Associations.
Gujarat State Irrigation Department representative presented the status of the Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) system in Gujarat. He stated that the Central government is managing agricultural lands of more than 1000 ha and the ones that fall between two or more states and water bodies. The State government on the other hand manages all below 1000 ha irrigated Mahi Irrigation Anand town agricultural lands. The local government also has its mandate of managing up to 300 ha of agricultural land that is basically populated by many water users associations. Gujarat has peculiar feature with 300 -2000 mm rainfall/year and the two seasons called locally KARIF and RABI rainy and dry respectively. There is a strong civil society engagement that plays a key role in training, knowledge sharing and value adding to the PIM in Gujarat.
Development Support Centre (DSC) - one of the major NGOs briefed the delegation that India has 25 major river basins and Gujarat has 185 smaller river basins hosting more than 300 water users associations organized into the Federation of Meeting with Anand town Water Users Water Users Association. Dahroi Irrigation Associations/Federation members
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT project was the first PIM pilot covering 60,000 ha of agricultural land where the lessons learnt in terms of canal management, water distribution, dispute resolution and water service charge levy was considered a success and up scaled in India.
In addition to the irrigated farming mainly planting cotton, rice, wheat, maize, barley and sorghum cultivated depending on the season, PIM was instrumental in improving water productivity, equitable distribution and conflict resolution since the first pilot was established in 1995.
According to the President of Kansa Water Users Federation, the challenge now is to map out farmers water demand and water user fees collection in advance. A female member of the Water User Association (ref below photo) explained to the delegation that the farmer has realized now that minor and mini canals at the head and tail end of the irrigation system are the life line of the household and hence actively maintained by the community and individual farmer.
The delegation also met with Dr. Tushar Shah, one of the imminent water experts of India and architect of the PIM and contributor to the 12 National Plan of Water. He shared the historic perspective of irrigation work as a commercial venture of the colonial era where irrigation was evaluated by the amount of revenue generated by actively collecting water user’s service fees from commercial and small farmers.
The irrigation service fee was significant warranting an engineer in every irrigation village. But, after independence, India became a welfare state and abolished water user service charges. Subsequently, not being able to provide continued services to the irrigation schemes and collect water user’s service fees as much, the irrigation schemes deteriorated until an awakening struck and introduced the participatory irrigation management rather than only budgeting for rehabilitation work.
With a well thought out incentive, the participatory management of irrigation was introduced with incentive package matching Central Government’s dollar for every state/district water service charge dollar collected by the local authority.
The Iraqi delegation also met Mr. V.B. Patel, a former Chairman of the Central Water Commission and Chief Engineer. He informed the group of a key aspect of the success of the PIM, the Water and Land Management Institute (WALMI), established to continue to provide training for farmers and government experts in water and irrigation technology. These trainings have created a sense of partnership between government and non-government actors. He also noted that efforts are made for inter basin Andhra Pradesh State Secretariat meeting transfer of water through long canals when necessary. This initiative is very challenging to get
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT agreement of the farmers living in different neighboring river basins. In that case, the Central Tribunal will intervene. The challenge is manageable when it involves intra state river basin transfer.
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
The delegation met with Mr. Sanju Gupta, Special Secretary for Planning of the 84 million population State Government of Andhra Pradesh (AP). He informed the delegates that water is a common good and started by developing the State’s Irrigation Sector Reform based on a water policy that promotes participatory management. Five million farmers are organized into 10,800 water users association covering 4million/ha in the AP. Irrigation efficiency is 38%. Andhra Pradesh has strong institutional structures supported by water legislations and standards. The key institutions include the apex organizations such as Water Management Commission and Andhra Pradesh Water Resources Regulatory Commission. These work in close cooperation with the district water federations and users association. The delegation noted that AP does not use NGOs as intermediaries for training and knowledge sharing. Instead, the WALMIs have direct working relations with relevant Academic institutions in the State and elsewhere. AP is also using mobile network to disseminate timely information on meteorology, reservoir levels, canal flow and cropping patterns when necessary.
Moreover, in the case of shared water bodies with one or more states, AP is a member of Joint Boards for the management, allocation and distribution of shared water resources including surface and underground. In case of conflict on water share/allocation/distribution, the Central Government establishes a tribunal to adjudicate. Example provided to the delegation was the one established for the Tungabhadra River Tribunal among several AP neighboring states.
Lessons learnt:
After the extensive field visits and office consultations, the delegation took time to digest what had been observed and how it related to the current situation in Iraq in terms of improving its water resources/irrigation management.
The delegation noted that water is a federal mandate in Iraq and governorates are delegated to manage such resources for the benefit of the citizens. And the key challenges of the water sector and irrigation are salinity and adequate fresh water availability because of inter linked Euphrates Group photo with HE the Ambassador of Iraq to India in and Tigris river basin dynamics. Activities in the New Delhi upper riparian neighbors are affecting the quality
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT and quantity of water flowing into Iraq. In addition, the Mesopotamian infrastructures including dams, reservoirs, canals and outlets are old loosing water through seepage.
It was learnt that the state level active management in collaboration with the water user’s federation, associations and NGOs based on water acts defining roles and responsibilities is useful in the context of Iraq. Institutionalizing water users association in Iraq is “a tough job” according to Mr. Hussein the team leader. “But, when that happens, 60-70% of the problems will be resolved.”
The Iraqi delegation mainly coming from Babil, Diwyaniah and Muthana, governorates sharing the Shatt al Hilla sub basin that is part of the Euphrates River, keenly followed the challenges and solutions facilitated through dialogue of State and local level water associations. “Here in India, the gate keeper is actively involved in releasing and controlling flows to the farmer’s plot” said Hussein Ahmed the Babil delegate. Hyderabad model better relates to the Iraqi situation because the government directly works with the farmers and now emerging water users association.
During the debriefing session in the presence of HE Ahmad Barwari Ambassador of Iraq to India, Mme. Caitlin Wiesen Country Director of UNDP India and Mr. Sudipto Mukerjee of UNDP Iraq, Mr. Hussein and the delegation members agreed that major challenges facing Iraq are salinity, water allocation of water and distribution between head and tail end water users. The farming community of Iraq has to increasingly embrace sustainable management of water practices through participatory water/irrigation management for which the Government of Iraq has established a 40million USD project to expand water users association by building on the UNDP local water user’s committee experiences in Shatt Al Hilla and Al Gharaaf including in Kerbela, Kirkuk, Sulaymania, and Najaf.
The delegation finally underlined the need to build on this good beginning for water sector collaboration with India in the context of a bilateral technical cooperation facilitated by UNDP. Indian technical, legal and institutional water experts should be able to visit Iraq to advice and train Ministry of Water Resources and other relevant staff. The delegation was highly appreciative of the points by way of recommendation. Both entities agreed to: 1) establish a technical committee between India and Iraq for continued collaboration in the water sector, 2) the Ministry of Water Resources of Iraq would follow up bilateral technical cooperation issue with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and 3) UNDP Iraq and UNDP India continue facilitating the south -south cooperation between Iraq and India.
HE Ahmad Barwari Ambassador of Iraq to India gave a reception dinner to the Iraqi delegation and UNDP where he stated that Iraq could benefit from the wealth of knowledge available in India especially relating to water resources management. Some Indian experts have been supporting Iraq but now that needs to be scaled up.
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2.5 KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND MANAGEMENT
Knowledge Sharing and Management is part of the UNDP strategy setting a vision to harness knowledge in support of its objectives, grounded in learning, and analysis which can lead a robust evidence of what works and what does not work. Knowledge sharing plays a key role both as part of the reflection process in which we openly share, discuss and try to make sense of what we observe, which triggers insight and learning and supports the process, as well as reach out with evidence and results to help others. Lessons learned in Basrah workshop
A Basra workshop held in December 2013put an emphasis on knowledge sharing and networking as key elements of experiential learning cycle in which we experience, reflect on, learn from through conceptualization and apply what we have learned. The workshop drew lessons learnt from the exposure study tours to India and Kazakhstan as well as the LWC initiative that are realistically sounded approaches to strengthen Iraq’s capacity of sustainable water resources management. The highlight of the event was that GOI signed letter of agreements with India to exchange views and facilitate technical capacity building at bilateral level. The priority south- south technical cooperation opportunity was identified through enhancing and supporting further bilateral partnership.
UNDP also supported the independent evaluation intended to enhance the quality of the modeling tools so that they meet international standards and improve functionality to produce different scenarios that will inform high level decisions on water resources management in Iraq. The summaries of the review are discussed based on observation outlined by UNDP. The observations from this review have been grouped into five categories; high level, knowledge base, model capability, capacity building and informing future planning.
2.5.1 Basra Workshop/ Lessons Learnt from the exposure trips
Seventeen GOI officials and three UNDP national staff attended the one-day workshop in Basra on October 29, 2013 to draw lessons from the exposure study tours to India and Kazakhstan and Group photo at Basra International Hotel
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT recommendations to be presented as outcomes to further strengthen Iraq’s LWC initiatives. One of the highlights of the event was that GOI signed letter of agreements with India to exchange views and facilitate capacity building at bilateral level (ANNEX 1-15).
The objectives were to disseminate outputs of the two exposure trips, and elaborate Iraq’s position on the future action plans in order to establish functional institutional coordination to better structure management of water resources at sub-regional level.
Through course of the event, participants were divided into two groups to discuss findings from the study tours and draw concrete action plans on how LWC initiatives can be further developed to facilitate decentralized coordination among multi-stakeholders. A set of recommended action plan is illustrated as follows:
Conflict Management of Water Share and Allocation
International organizations such as CAREC and IFAS in Kazakhstan have played important roles to establish regional initiatives with neighboring countries. The regional coordination in the Aral Sea has a similar implication to that of marshlands in Iraq that can facilitate to exchange views on technical, social and environmental issues and support building management capacity at sub- regional level; In Gujarat State case in India, NGOs played a vital role in catalyzing local conflicts among farmers through assisting WUAs in engaging women to participate, collecting irrigation fees for O&M and enhancing civil society involvement, result in increase of production yield, higher income and empowering farmers’ livelihood. Iraq can get benefits from India’s experiences to minimize local conflicts through partnering with local authorities; and International conventions such as Helsinki and Rasmar which were introduced in Kazakhstan that may assist Iraq in positioning the negotiation principles to be recognized as internationally.
Awareness Rising on Water Conservation
As seen in Hyderabad, India’s Agricultural and Educational authorities have provided the extensive awareness program (e.g. water allocation rights, water saving techniques and irrigation systems) to raise farmers awareness through WUAs. This initiative has a positive impact in dealing with water allocations and Iraq should explore and elaborate the context of the legal framework that can be implemented in the country; and Local school initiative let by NGOs and school teachers in Kazakhstan draw much attention to the delegation. The way they advocate awareness and education on water conservation in class would help students raise environmental awareness. This initiative was highly regarded among participants and can be adopted by education and agriculture authorities in Iraq.
Institutional Arrangement, Laws and Regulations
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Hayderabad experience in India is similar to what Iraq envisions to establish decentralized governance structure that can facilitate effective operation and maintenance of distribution as well as allocation at governorate level. Possible recommended intervention is to impose wages for the cost of transportation of water and promote utilization of water saving techniques at local level. Enhanced coordination between the MoWR and MoA can be also implemented simultaneously with a view to capacitating monitoring and inspection as enforcement instruments; and Institutionalization of the LWC legal framework is one way to establish decentralized water governance to manage water locally. Permanent secretary of LWC at sub regional level shall be legitimized, addressing concrete mandates of the LWC along with its structure and Term of References.
2.5.2 SWLRI Modelling Review to Address Needs for Capacity Development
In addition to UNDP’s DSS capacity building activities, the Government of Iraq has commissioned a major water data collection and modelling effort let by the Strategy for Water and Land Resources of Iraq (SWLRI) project, to inform its future management decisions. The GoI has requested the UNDP to inform the current state of knowledge (data set and models) reported by SWLRI project.
The purpose of the independent evaluation was to enhance the quality of the modeling tools so that they meet international standards and improve functionality to produce different scenarios that will inform high level decisions on water resources management in Iraq. The summaries of the review are discussed based on thematic observations outlined by Dr. Don Blackmore and senior consultants from Australia. The full size report can be found in the ANNEX 1-16.
This review was not intended to a technical review of SWLRI against its contract obligations, but was guided by a set of evaluation principles based on the internationally peer reviewed,’’ Guideline for water management modelling: towards best-practice model application’’. The observations from this review have been grouped into five categories; high level, knowledge base, model capability, capacity building and informing future planning. Highlights of observations are presented as follows:
High level observations
The following high level observations summarise the overall observations in the report:
1. There is an immediate need to reform water & salinity management in Iraq, while working in parallel towards cooperative management of the Tigris–Euphrates Basins.
2. Foundation knowledge of data & models is essential for the development of water & salinity (& agricultural development) management plans.
3. Multi-disciplinary & inter-agency engagement is essential to address Iraq’s water & salinity issues – NWC provides this forum.
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4. A static “master planning” approach will be ineffective; a dynamic planning process informed by evolving models as data improves is required.
5. International “good practice” must guide capacity building on the design & management of major & complex water & salinity reforms.
6. The 10 month SWLRI timeframe insufficient to build Iraqi’s capacity to manage models & data bases independently & effectively; complex water & salinity situation understanding requires +/- 3 year timeframe. Potential UNDP support.
Knowledge base observations
The following observations are made on the knowledge base:
There has been extensive work in gathering and collating data, which has created the most up to date database for the Tigris-Euphrates Basin.
While extensive data exists it is still not sufficient to fully understand how the system works, structured data acquisition will remain important.
Based on the available data (Euphrates) there is insufficient evidence to identify a trend in salinity at the border. Further hydro-statistical analysis would be useful to see if a trend is emerging.
The data indicates that there is urgency in dealing with Iraq’s water issues, specifically within its borders.
Model capability observations
The following observations are made on model capability:
Rainfall-runoff models, which take into consideration demands and developments, have been reasonably calibrated for neighbouring countries and Iraq.
Due to the lack of data in neighbouring countries only very simple conceptual models of salinity associated with irrigation development are appropriate. This is consistent with the approach suggested by the consultants. This will enable the consequences of upstream development to be assessed.
There is an urgent need to get the planning model accepted and accredited (supported by an independent peer review) so that a benchmark can be established and agreed, as a point of reference to compare intervention options against.
The planning model is almost at the stage where it can be run to compare against history and develop a benchmark scenario.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
The agro-economic production model is based on standard FAO methodologies and forms a sound basis for estimating productivity.
The conceptual salinity model does not adequately describe the interaction between irrigation, groundwater and the long term storage of salt in the system.
The planning model is designed for assessing development options from an agricultural productivity basis, when better data is available further refinement will be needed to address long term salinity management.
Capacity building observations
The following observations are made on capacity building:
The review confirms that a “whole” of Government approach is needed to deal with the scale of the water and salinity issues. The action taken by the GoI to establish a National Water Council will be pivotal in facilitating a coordinated approach.
The SWLRI project contains specific capacity building requirements related to the databases and the maintenance and running of the various model components. This should be given high priority within the SWLRI project.
The remaining 10 month project time frame is insufficient to build adequate capacity to ensure the effective transfer of knowledge, modelling and interpretation skills to all groups who need them.
The engagement of the appropriate agencies in describing and assisting in the evaluation of scenarios is fundamental to support capacity building.
Observations to inform future planning
Countries who have tackled similar water and salinity issues at this scale have:
Establish a sound knowledge base.
Used modelling to inform options analysis.
Have multi agency/sector teams involved (water, agriculture, economics etc.) in scenario formulation and evaluation.
Used the full range of policies, institutions, instruments and tools (works) in getting to solutions.
The following observations are made on future planning:
The consultants have been working with government agencies to illicit their views on future works and measures to be included in the Master Plan.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 DRAFT FINAL REPORT
The conversion of the proposed individual works and measures into a coordinated package for assessment needs to be driven by multi-agency group from the GoI and not left solely to the project.
To support the evolution of the Master Plan a rolling programme of policy development and option analysis supported by ongoing data and tool development is required. A static master planning process will not be effective.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
3 EXPENDITURE
Table 4: Overview for DSS Expenditures from 2009- 2014
Expenditures 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total USD
TOTAL $236,861.19 $580,457.84 $181,321.85 $863,292.61 $623,469.71 $2,485,403.20
Table 5: Expenses Details from 2009-2013
Item Description 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total USD
International Consulting $50,062.00 $71,500 - $69,864.14 $51,811.70 $243,237.84 Services Local Consulting Services - - - $87,360.40 $12,200 $99,560.40 Consultation services International staff Salaries - $47,251.79 $130,000.92 $260,707.24 $42,703.61 $480,663.56 Personnel Staff salaries National Staff Salaries (SC $260,669.88 $1,714.69 $13,104.61 $14,296.97 $116,940.75 $114,612.86 ) Staff contract ALD - $219,676.99 - - $219,676.99 Other Costs $400 - - $400 Travel and Event Study Tour in Italy - $48,259.78 - - - $48,259.78 Organization Study Tour in Travel and Event - - - - $58,015.68 $58,015.68 Kazakhstan Organization Training and Travel and Event Study Tour in India - - - - $59,530.78 $59,530.78 Travel Organization India & Kazakhstan lesson learned $8,861.5 $8,861.50 workshop
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
UNESCO-IHE Training Training Costs - - - - $103,404 $103,404 Travel and Event UNESCO-IHE Training - - - $100,209.32 - $100,209.32 Organization Contracts Contractual Services Local Water Initiatives $177,702.50 $123,981.02 $6,393.09 - $35,700.00 $343,776.61 Including (BDS) Travel Other Travels Other Travel Expenses $2,125.7 4,695.42 $18,098.69 $102,176.44 $13,937.96 $141,034.21 General Management Direct Project $5,256.30 $48,213.19 $11,862.18 $55,437.28 $40,803.01 $161,571.96 Services Management Cost Management Indirect Project including Common - - - $47,793.21 $51,670 $99,463.21 cost communication, security MISC - $3,775.04 $270 $22,803.83 $30,218.61 $57,067.48 MISC ------TOTAL $236,861.19 $580,457.84 $181,321.85 $863,292.61 $623,469.71 $2,485,403.20
*As of June 2014, last payment of the UNESCO-IHE training is under process.
Table 6: GoI Costing Sharing from 2013-2014 Item Description 2013 2014 Total USD
HEC-HMS Training $16,380.00 $16,380.00
GoI Cost sharing for UNESCO-IHE Trainings HEC-RAS Training $20,768.00 $20,768.00
Ground water Training $23,346.00 $23,346.00
Total $16,380.00 $44,114.00 $60,494.00
As part of the GOI commitment for the Project, the Ministry of Water Resources covered their travel cost and accommodation to support the effective implementation of the training activities.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
4 PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Given the increasing recognition of the national ownership for the development process that is critical for the achievement of sustainable water resources management, UNDP worked in close collaboration with the Ministry of Water Resources at all stages of the development and implementation of the DSS project.
UNDP and MoWR have shared program design, planning, implementation and oversight since the beginning of the project. Proposed activities have been successfully delivered by the end of February 2014.
The Project Board was formed to support the implementation of the project and was responsible for its initiation, direction and review and was also responsible for the final approval of the project work plan and budget, and for reviewing progress reports at each key decision point.
In addition, a Project Advisory Committee was established to provide quality assurance and guidance and ensure regular monitoring of the implementation of the project. The Committee was head by MoWR Director General of the National Water Resource Centre.
The project team was comprised of one National Project Director (NPD) appointed by the Minister, and staff from two departments within the National Centre of Water Resource Management: the Strategic Studies Department and the Geographic Information System Department. The project team within the Ministry was responsible for undertaking the majority of the implementation for the project.
The UNDP project team engaged a Chief Technical Advisor (CTA) based 50% of the time in Iraq and 50% in UNDP Iraq Country Office in Amman, and a Senior National Advisor based full time in Iraq. The CTA was hired from the outset of the project and expected to work for a total of 9 months during the first year, and reduced his inputs gradually during year 2 and 3. The CTA was responsible for providing technical advice and training and transferring technology to the MoWR National Centre of Water Resource Management and served as the principle key contact for the technical assistance. ToRs for the Chief Technical Advisor and National Advisor were included in the ANNEX 2-1.
In addition to core project staff, the design and implementation of the DSS required the input of experts with specific technical expertise. A number of short term consultancies assisted with the development of specific aspects of the DSS, including water resource planning, hydrological modeling and GIS technologies. Secondly, ongoing partnerships have been established with relevant institutions that have experience in the design and implementation of similar initiatives such as study tours in India and Kazakhstan that can be represented as South-South Corporation. These institutions acted as sources of practical advice, sharing of lessons and experience, and provided opportunities for the exchange of staff and training activities.
Due to the parliamentary election held in 2010, and the long duration of the cabinet formation, the leadership of the Ministry was absent and less in a position to provide strategic guidance towards the
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT future. This situation only improved in January 2011, when a new minister was appointed. The Project Board experienced in considerable delays of the progress and requested no cost extensions to continue the remaining activities.
During the First No Cost Extension from June 2012-December 2012 (ANNEX 2-2), the following activities were attained:
Output 1 Institutional and human capacity built;
UNDP and MoWR defined an LWC approach and developed work plan to advance the concept in three pilot locations, with focus on Shatt Alhilla and Shatt Al Gharraf and Kirkuk. Kirkuk is a very special case as it serves to link the Central Government with KRG. Support in this initiative would have helped to consolidate the vision for water management in Iraq by both the GoI and KRG. However, the pilot location was reexamined and Tigris in the East and South was later selected as the third pilot area.
A new activity had been requested by the MoWR to support development of the National Water Council (NWC). The passage of the law of the National Water Council was to develop integrated management structure in place with focus to addressing the transboundary water issue, which was fast becoming the major challenge for Iraq.
UNDP has procured the services of two international experts to aid Iraq in the development of the negotiation principles with its neighboring countries and to propose a package in order to strengthen Iraq’s position. The draft NWC law was proposed and the passage of the law has been delayed due to the Iraqi legal process as the issue is still being discussed in the Iraqi Parliament.
Output 2 DSS and TIS systems adopted and sustained;
UNDP implemented a number of technical trainings in lines with the SWLRI/II. Five training courses were provided (three water modeling and one basic ArcGIS and advanced ArcGIS).
During 2nd No Cost Extension from Jan 2013 to December 2013 (ANNEX 2-3), the following activities were implemented.
Output 1 Institutional and human capacity built;
Two exposure trips have been arranged during the Second no cost extension period. UNDP Iraq coordinated with UNDP India and Kazakhstan to facilitate the visits.
Remaining LWC initiative in the East and South of Tigris River was implemented from November 2013 to January 2014.
Output 2 DSS and TIS systems adopted and sustained;
Due to availability of the instructors from the UNESCO-IHE, HMS advanced course was only organized in December 2013.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
During 3rd No Cost Extension from Jan 2014 to June 2014 (ANNEX 2-4), the following activities have been attained.
Output 1 Institutional and human capacity built;
Remaining two water modeling courses (HEC-RAA and GMS) were implemented in February 2014.
Output 2 DSS and TIS systems adopted and sustained;
No activity envisioned in 2014.
4.1 Lessons learnt
There have been also challenges the project faced during the project lifecycle and the Project Team did respond and take direct actions to overcome. These challenges can be described as activity and project management levels.
Challenges at Activity level:
In preparation for the technical training courses, Project Team faced difficulties in the data collection process, availability of data and instructors who can provide the said courses, assuring trainees who understand the context of modeling software. These required clear understanding what data is needed to run the sophisticated scenario models. Due to physical constraints being in Baghdad Iraq, Amman, Jordan and Delft, Netherlands, UNDP, UNESCO-IHE and the MoWR had to communicate through email exchanges and occasionally teleconference as appropriate. As result of efforts, the MoWR officials successfully developed their first dynamic model. The MoWR has gained experience in building such models with their own capacity in similar water models for other basins and rivers in Iraq. UNESCO-IHE recommended that the Ministry periodically update their skills to follow up with the latest version of the software.
UNDP supported establishment of the Local Water Committee (LWC) as part of institutional capacity building activity. The LWCs were formed in Shatt Al- Hillah, Shatt Al Gharraf and Tigris in the East and South, covering Babylon, Basra, Missan, Muthana, Qadisiya, Thi Qar and Wasit governorates. The challenge the Project Team faced during its implementation of the pilot activity was to facilitate coordination with a various stakeholders who has different mandates, roles and priorities within their institutions. UNDP consultants were particularly recruited for that purpose to play such coordination role in bringing all to the meetings. Predefined steps and guidance were also successful in institutionalizing the procedure of the pilot studies at sub regions. This initiative was well received and can be replicated in other countries to be seen as a mean of enhancing institutionalization of local water management.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
Lastly, the Iraqi delegates visited India and Kazakhstan to see examples of DSS and integrated water resources management (IWRM) approaches and learn from their lessons of successes, concerns, challenges and opportunities for Iraq. UNDP Iraq facilitated the South-South Cooperation with UNDP Country offices in India and Kazakhstan to arrange exposure study tours otherwise the Project Team may have faced serious challenge to organize such events independently. UNDP can facilitate such initiatives with the Ministry of Water Resources upon their request.
Challenges at Project Management level:
The UNDP project team initially comprised a Chief Technical Advisor (CTA) based 50% of the time in Iraq and 50% in UNDP Iraq Country Office in Amman. The CTA was hired from the outset of the project and expected to work for a total of 9 months during the first year, and reduced his/her inputs gradually during year 2 and 3. Over five years of the project lifecycle, UNDP faced serious staff turnover due to uncertainty of the circumstance in Iraq’s political and security concerns. Five Project Managers took over the management of the project. Inconsistence of the management possibly delayed in the smooth transition of handover process. As part of cost effectiveness measure, UN volunteer came into the cluster and took over the project management from September 2013 until June 2014. UNDP reduced equivalent of approximately $120,000 of the project management cost as opposed to hire full time UNDP staff in order to fully utilize funds for the planned activities. Future programming should consider hiring mid-career professional who is fully dedicated to the management of the project. The government of Italy addressed a serious concern about high cost of operation and management and this should be alleviated and UNDP shall be accountable for the effective management of the project.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
5 CONCLUSION
Key success of the project can be described that the Ministry of Water Resources took the ownership of the project in close consultation with UNDP. This was due to the fact that the scope of the DSS Project had been re-aligned with the SWLRI project, ‘’Phase I and II the Strategy for Water and Land Resources Iraq ’’. The Ministry of Water Resources, SWLRI team and UNDP have defined each scope of work and facilitated the coordination synergize each output. UNDP updated the status of the project progress and readjusted the timeframe accordingly with the Ministry’s requests and fulfilled their needs.
Total of 309 stakeholders participated to support the implement the DSS project activities, among which, 59 MoWR’s officials were trained on water modeling, 187 officials participated in the local water initiative, 26 officials visited Italy, India and Kazakhstan, 19 officials attended the dissemination workshop, and 18 MoWR’s officials participated in the SWLRI review. Summary of activity’s outputs and numbers of the GOI officials participated in the DSS project shown in Table 7.
Table 7: # of GOI Officials Participated and Outputs of Activities Activity # of GOI involved Outputs (including, PMAC, Ministries, 1. Institutional and human capacity built, governorates, CSOs, 2. DSS & TIS systems adopted and sustained, WUAs and consultants)
UNDP-UNESCO-IHE 59 Activity: Eight training courses (ArcGIS, HEC-DSS, HEC- water modeling training HMS, HEC-RAS, Mike SHE and Mike11, Advanced HMS, courses GMS and Advanced HEC-RAS) provided.
Output 2:
These modeling platforms enabled MOWR to simulate hydrological modeling scenarios in particular time series analysis of runoff and storage in Diala river and unsteady flow analysis of Tigris River between Samarra and Kut barrage, which take into account seasonal variation of surface flow to balance shared irrigation water in the specific region. With use of ever more effective technical means, understanding spatial characteristics and its catchment delineation, MoWR can assess behavior of other rivers in Iraq. They were also trained to articulate attributes of ground water
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
and its interaction with surface water.
LWC initiative in Babylon, 187 Activity: The LWCs in Shatt Al- Hillah, Shatt Al Gharraf Basra, Missan, Muthana, and the East and South of Tigris River, covering Qadisiya, Thi Qar and Babylon, Basra, Missan, Muthana, Diwaniya, Thi Qar Wasit governorates and Wasit governorates.
Output 1: the LWC was formed to facilitate structured coordination at sub regional level. The outputs of the initiative showed a positive outcome that can be illustrated in the Shatt Al Hillah pilot study. Muthana and Diwaneya governorates established their bilateral coordination during the project cycle. This initiative let them find a way to alleviate conflict through understanding common issues in the region. Their effort was successful in bridging gaps between governorates to deal with given water share and allocation. It also revealed that there is a set of technical issues that prevent governorates from effectively alleviating conflicts. In order to manage water properly, Iraq has to come up with the national investment plan, which facilitate:
Rehabilitation of the existing drainage system and irrigation channels to best utilize available water resources flowing into Iraq; Integration of land reclamation policies to increase cultivated lands; Proper allocation of water rights on water allocation and share with set of compliance and monitoring system to be in place; Consideration of regional climate variation in particular responding to drought and to mitigate agricultural environmental and socioeconomic losses—can be supported by legal framework and policies; Development of salinity management framework in both surface-ground water and soil that develop a strategic plan to better manage cultivated land, look for innovative water saving approaches for irrigation and increase crop productivity as well as income
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
generation for farmers; and Protection of marshlands and wetlands taking into account transboudary water issues, environmental flow and ecological zoning.
Study tours in Italy, India 26 Activity: Study Tours to Italy, India and Kazakhstan and Kazakhstan organized.
Output 1: These study tours facilitated learning of Iraqi officials about practical applications of modernized irrigation techniques and governance institution. Particular emphasis on:
Small-scale irrigation and water resources control techniques to address seasonal and spatial changes in water availability and ensure stability in agricultural and livestock productivity; Participatory arrangements between local stakeholders that give more powers to the beneficiaries in taking care of water sharing management; NGOs functions as an effective medium approached by the water authorities to reach out for the local communities; Local committees are formed under a participatory method where elected members to ensure compliance with the water sharing contributions; Legislations to regularize water sharing polices set by the central authorities between water sharing provinces; Iraqi water authorities can have an exchange expertise visit by the Indian water authorities for guidance and advice; and Effective legislations that define clearly polices on water sharing between concerned governorate’s at the local level.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
Dissemination workshop 17 Activity: Knowledge sharing workshop organized. in Basra (Knowledge Sharing and Management) Output 1: Setting a vision to harness knowledge gained through the study tours and LWC initiative that can lead a robust evidence of what works and what does not work in Iraqi context of water governance. GOI representatives agree on:
Establish international organizations which can play a role in promoting regional coordination with neighboring countries; Develop extensive awareness program (e.g. water allocation rights, water saving techniques and irrigation systems) to raise farmers awareness through WUAs, engaging women to participate, collecting irrigation fees for O&M; Participate international conventions such as Helsinki and Rasmar; Enhance coordination between the MoWR and MoA to further institutionalize monitoring and inspection capacities; and Institutionalize the LWC legal framework that gives more power to local stakeholders and better manage water locally.
SWLRI Peer Review 18 Activity: Knowledge sharing workshop organized.
Output 4: quality of the modeling tools assessed to meet international standards.
Multi-disciplinary & inter-agency engagement is essential to address Iraq’s water & salinity issues – NWC provides this forum.
A static “master planning” approach will be ineffective; a dynamic planning process informed by evolving models as data improves is required.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
Based on the available data (Euphrates) there is insufficient evidence to identify a trend in salinity at the border. Further hydro-statistical analysis would be useful to see if a trend is emerging
Rainfall-runoff models, which take into consideration demands and developments, have been reasonably calibrated for neighbouring countries and Iraq
The 10 month SWLRI timeframe insufficient to build Iraqi’s capacity to manage models & data bases independently & effectively; complex water & salinity situation understanding requires +/-3 year timeframe. Potential UNDP support. Total 309
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
6 RECOMMENDATION
Output 1 supported to enhance appropriate institutional and governing frameworks to ensure overseeing and monitoring of resource and participation of target groups in their development and implementation at local level. In this context, the inter-sectoral coordination of water users in the decision making process has become a vital to ensure the delivery of water. UNDP has considered the sustainability of the DSS project through addressing further strengthening overall capacity needs of the management of water resources in Iraq.
Output 2 under the DSS project was programmed to supplement technical training of the SWLRI (2011- 2014) project which has envisioned integrated approach to ensure sustainable use of water resources. A series of analytical tools were developed and made available for extensive use, among others, of system dynamic software along with the GIS platform which was built with hydro-database.
It is recommended that Iraq takes a step further to strengthen capacity of managing water resources through addressing the whole government approach, which is needed to deal with the scale of the water and quality issues. Iraq has suffered a decline in water resources due to increased intensity of drought and decrease in available water from neighboring countries. This consequently causes frequent occurrence of drought, dust storms and desertification front being increased, transforming agricultural land into arid territory as well as impacting higher salinity in surface and soil. Iraq needs to deal with this magnitude of change brought through natural and man-made interventions to meet balancing the requirements of economic growth, human development and environmental sustainability.
With a foundation built under the DSS and SWLRI, in order to overcome these challenges, the GOI requires the full range of policy instruments and technical solutions on much larger scale. Proposed projects, areas of interventions and resources required shown in Table 8.
The Ministry of Water Resources and UNDP concluded strategic priorities that are given to:
Institutionalize mechanism of the Local Water Committee linking to the National Water Council to facilitate the whole government approach and its strategic capacity development plan taking account trans-boudary water share and allocation, compliance and enforcement control with emphasis on environmental flow and marshland biodiversity; • Adjust policy and regulatory environment for salinity management (removing existing barriers, incentives for farmers utilizing drainage network system through subsiding appropriate fertilizer sand seeding); and • Develop investment plan in rehabilitation of drainage system, modernizing irrigation technologies, the transfer of water allocations, economic instruments and management; and • Enhance international and regional partnership responding to meteorological and global climate change through setting architecture of drought risk management network with focus on agricultural, environment and socioeconomic impacts including affected targeted resources suffering from loss of economic and environmental values.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
Institutional arrangement
Under Decision Support System project for the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR), the Local Water Committees (LWCs) were formed in Shatt Al- Hillah, Shatt Al Gharraf and Tigris in the East and South, covering Babylon, Basra, Missan, Muthana, Diwaniya, Thi Qar and Wasit governorates. It served to strengthen sub regional coordination among the water users, governorates and federal Ministries and create a favorable environment enabling them to address local issues with all concerned entities. It was the first step for Iraq to put in place decentralized governance approach. Outcome of the three pilot studies has shown the positive impact in bridging gaps between governorates to alleviate conflict on water share and allocation while numbers of recommendations are proposed in particular strengthening monitoring capacity, legalization of the LWC as well as compliance and enforcement mechanism. The LWC members agreed upon sustaining the initiative on the national scale, obligated to report findings and the recommendations to Ministry of State – Governorate Affairs, requesting issuance of the legal framework---defining Term of Reference, mechanism of their work and legal status for the purpose of continuity of the work and their decisions to be granted by the legal authority. The detail objectives, activities and resources required for this proposal can be found in ANNEX 3-1.
Recommended Interventions:
Assisting the GOI in institutionalizing a legal framework to monitor effective utilization of water share and allocation on a basis of predetermined rules and standards that define the scale of tillage, types of crops, licensing suitable for Iraqi conditions; Catalyzing famer’s awareness of water share and allocation as well as extension programs facilitating continuous training and learning on water saving and techniques; Adjusting a policy environment for ensuring compliance and enforcement on water share and allocation for water users
Investment plan
Salinity of water entering Iraq has been increasing-- derived predominantly from irrigation drainage and saline groundwater inflows into the rivers. Salinity in Central and Southern Iraq is so pervasive that its impact on farming systems is a major constraint to agricultural productivity. The Government of Iraq needs the national Investment plan in 1) drainage network system and upgrading technologies as well as facilitating the rehabilitation of the existing drainage system, 2) transforming higher productivity through adjusting a policy and regulatory environment for the salinity management, and 3) facilitation of sector capacity for technology development, innovation and servicing in salinity control, appropriate water harvesting methods, enhancing crop productivity and water efficiency through technical and institutional capacity building, education and extension programs. The detail objectives, activities and resources required for this proposal can be found in ANNEX 3-2.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
Recommended Interventions:
Assisting the GOI in setting a clear direction for use of the most appropriate drainage network system suitable for Iraqi conditions; • Catalyzing famer’s awareness of these technologies as well as facilitating the investment of rehabilitation of the existing drainage system; • Adjusting a policy and regulatory environment for the salinity management (removing existing barriers, incentives for farmers utilizing drainage network system through subsiding appropriate fertilizer sand seeding); • Supporting the crop diversification with views to introducing appropriate irrigation methods (e.g. drip irrigation for fruit and vegetable, sprinkler irrigation for rice and grains, assembled with magnetic drainage pipe to avoid further accumulation of salt through leaching, mulching and hydroponic irrigation system, etc.); • Understanding seasonal utilization of groundwater resources and storage to cope with climate variability in the region; • Supporting enhanced capacity to identify and articulate Iraq’s irrigation management interests in the region; and • Identifying and defining a short-and long term programme of action that will assist Iraq in cooperating with its Tigris-Euphrates.
Climate Change Adaptation
Desertification has been expanding and Iraq loses around 100,000 acres of agriculture lands every year. Consequences of drought are not only contributing to the land degradation but also reducing surface and ground water, increasing water and soil salinization, and frequent occurrence of sand and dust storms. In order to deal with intensity of drought, the GOI needs to upgrade technical and institutional capacities to effectively establish preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation measures responding to climatic variability in the region. To achieve this objective, the GOI first needs to 1) institutionalize a unified information system, 2) define and identify appropriate drought monitoring measures and capacities, and 3) enhance coordination mechanism, which will be incorporated in risk reduction policies in future. The detail objectives, activities and resources required for this proposal can be found in ANNEX 3-3.
Recommended Interventions:
• Setting architecture of central data/information management network on agricultural, environment and socioeconomic impacts by drought; • Introducing standard procedures that support defining drought monitoring criteria and training of Iraqi experts on how to monitor, operate and process data; • Developing a drought forecasting system (e.g. Two-week forecasts (5-day and 6-10 day) are used to determine which areas may see improvement or a worsening of conditions; • Establishing drought management areas (i.e., subdivide the district or region into more conveniently sized by administrative boundaries, shared hydrological characteristics, climatological characteristics, or other means such as spatially represented drought probability or risk clusters);
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
• Strengthening inventory data quantity and quality from current observation networks (e.g. technology includes soil moisture sensors, telemetric hydro-meteorological, and satellite data: the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR); • Advising appropriate institutional structure of preparedness and mitigation action (including affected targeted resources suffering from loss of economic values); • Catalyzing awareness of drought risk as well as drought preparedness initiatives mainstreaming into DRR context; • Networking with meteorological and global climate change monitoring institutions to enhance international and regional partnership; and • Supporting mainstreaming Drought Risk Management Plan into the National Development Plan.
Table 8: Proposed Projects, Areas of Interventions and Resources Required Proposed Areas of The GOI cost International Total Expected Outputs Projects Interventio share (cash funds Resources ns contribution) (donors, GEF Required and regional funds)
Support of trans- Institutiona $0.1million $0.3 million $0.4 The LWC legally boundary water l and million established. share and technical The monitoring capacity allocation as well as water share and allocation assessed and mapped out. Compliance and enforcement mechanism with consideration of environmental flow enhanced. Integrated Investment $3.0 million $9.0 million $12 million Investment plans outlined. salinity Rehabilitation of the management existing drainage system, framework modernizing irrigation technologies, the transfer of water allocations and economic instruments developed.
Development of Climate $900,000 $900,000 $1.8 International and regional drought Change million partnership developed in monitoring and response to early warning meteorological and global system climate change.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
Total $4.0 million $10.2 million $14.2 million
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
7 ANNEXES
ANNEX 1-1 MED INGEGERIA Report: Assessment
As part of the Inception Phase for the implementation of a (DSS) for water resources management and planning at the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources, the stakeholders sharing and contributions were comprehensively discussed and assessed for the following reasons:
Identify the degree of influence of each stakeholder in making decisions and the degree of impact of the decision/decisions made on the stakeholder’s objective/objectives.
Identify the offices of the main stakeholders that are directly involved in the DSS planning and implementation;
Identify the levels of decision of the main stakeholders so that to better understanding the decision route(up and down) ;
Identify the consultation process to developing plans;
The following relevant information was identified:
Pattern of decision making for medium-long term plans. The pattern was divided into four levels, sectorial plans, general plan, water allocation plan and plan application. Ministry of Planning together with Ministry of Finance and MoWR prepare the general development plan of the Country. The involvement of the Ministry of Finance is linked to the financial resources to subsidize the development. The involvement of MoWR is connected to the analysis of the availability of water resources necessary for development. The general plan of development has to balance the conflicting demands among stakeholders in terms of funding and in terms of water demand taking into consideration the projected water available for Iraq. The implementation of the plan in terms of allocation of water resource is managed by MoWR.
During the last two years, national consultants, some officials in the Iraqi parliament as well as those who are interested in water issues have had raised the issue of establishing “National Water Commission“ as the entity to be directly supervised by the prime Minster and includes consultants from different entities (governmental and nongovernmental). Such commission shall have a higher power and authority to manage the medium and long term water plans all over the country. However, if this commission will be established no matter when this is going to happen, the DSS will be the supportive and the powerful tool to support and deeply help the commission in making better decisions. Further, this tool will provide alternatives of possible solutions that can support the water management decisions.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
Considering the articles related to the water issues, the current Iraqi Constitution gives a strong power to regional government and governorates. The most important one is the Kurdish Regional Government; the KRG has its own ministries including a Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resource. The latter is administratively separated from MoWR-Baghdad but technically in full coordination and cooperation with the MoWR-Baghdad headquarter and some other main offices like the Strategic and Planning General Directorate and NCWRM. However, the consultancy flow process between the two ministries is of considerable importance during the plans preparation stage and implementation stage.
The degree of coordination and cooperation between the directly involved stakeholders is of significant importance in the medium and long term plans. Any weakness in the coordination process among the main stakeholders may confuse the decision making or impair it. The sharing and contribution of the main stakeholders at the very earlier stages have a remarkable impact to take the proper decisions. Further, it should be highlighted that all stakeholders and particularly the directly involved shall clearly understand what the DSS is and what DSS does.
All stakeholders should be well aware about the projected enormous reduction in flow volume available to Iraq so that their analysis, visions, demands and their objectives are commensurately with the medium and long term offers. Consequently the DSS tool will be used efficiently to reach the proper decisions.
It has become a clear need to inform the steering committee, some authorized people and decision makers at the MoWR headquarter of some similar experiments which will have a very active role in the digestion of the subject and find out their expectations.
In the light of some overlap responsibilities at some quarters placed in the stakeholders Organigramme, it is very important to define the most relevant offices/decision makers to avoid muddling and lack of clarity.
The importance is obvious for the full sharing and participation of the most relevant quarters/persons in the DSS implementation phase, to assure that they will be completely able to use the tool, and to have a mature understanding of how it works, with a deep realization of the alternatives for possible solutions and to finally make the proper decisions.
Exchange information between the national and local levels is a very high important issue during the planning and implementation process. This will avoid the issuance of incorrect decisions caused by a lack of information and knowledge.
Report: 2-Stakeholders Mapping and Analysis Report: The report has mainly two objectives:
1. Identify and map the various stakeholders that might benefit from the development and utilization of a DSS systems such as the one requested by the MoWR;
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2. Provide some concrete recommendation on how to enhance synergies, and build up partnerships and linkages.
A stakeholders’ matrix was designed and completed during the official meeting with the DSS steering committee which was held in Sulaymaniyah between 5th and 6th of May 2010. Upon starting two important questions were raised and clearly answered:
Who stands to lose or gain significantly from different policies in water resources?
Who has the ability to influence decision-making?
The matrix has two axis namely, x-axis “Degree of impact” that means the degree to which a stakeholder stands to lose or gain from different polices and Y-axis “Degree of influence” which refers to the relative ability of a stakeholder to affect the decisions.
The stakeholders were grouped into four blocks as follows:
High influence with low impact
Low influence with low impact
High influence with high impact
Low influence with high impact
Intensive discussions were needed in order to correctly place each stakeholder in the right matrix’s block in terms of its influence and impact. The results are shown in Fig 1 : Key stakeholders matrix for DSS.
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High Influence – Low Impact High Influence – High Impact MoWR MoEl MoP MoAg MoFin
Low Influence – Low Impact Low Influence – High Impact MoTrans MoI SMoMR MoO MoMPW Amanat Baghdad MoEn Governorates Kurdish Autonomous Region
Figure 1: Key stakeholders matrix for DSS
The three ministries represented in the Steering Committee: MoWR, MoP and MoAg are defined in the matrix as stakeholders with high influence and therefore it is very important to involve them in developing of DSS. However other two ministries have been identified with high influence: MoFin and MoEl and the latter is also highly impacted.
MoFin has a high influence because it has to finance the project for the future developing plan, but it is not strongly involved in water resource management. For this reason it is not necessary that the staff of the MoFin involved in the implementation of the DSS. But it will be helpful if they know of the existence of the DSS and the results that can provide.
As far as the MoEl it would be better to involve a staff from the ministry in the developing of DSS, to have the contribution from an important stakeholder and to ensure that the results of the DSS will be accepted by them. The ministry has a high influence in water resource management.
For the stakeholders that have low influence but high impact it would be useful to ensure that their interests are fully represented in the DSS. This can be done through regular meetings during the development of DSS to show which are the input data of the DSS and the type of results that are provided. Their involvement, even partially, during the development phase, will make it easier for them to accept the results of DSS in using phase.
MoTrans and MoOil are not very interested in DSS and maybe overlooked in the development and use of it.
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ANNEX 1-2 MED INGEGERIA Report: Technical Specifications
The technical specification, overall level of effort and the type of specialized consulting are given in this report and defined in the bidding documents.
The overall implementation project will last 22 months and will be structured around three main tracks:
1. Capacity building
2. Institutional Building
3. WEB-GIS DSS Implementation, operation and maintenance
The capacity building and Institutional building components will be directly managed by UNDP in coordination with the MoWR. The WEB-GIS DSS implementation and its operation and maintenance will be tendered out by UNDP and implemented by a qualified contractor.
The capacity and institutional building component were expected to start during the fall of 2010 and would leverage with parent activities carried out by the MoWR under the SWRI/II project. It was foreseen that a capacity building training needs assessment would be carried out as part of the SWLRI/II during the fall of 2010. At this event, which would be organized in the form of a workshop, representatives from UNDP were to join and coordinate with the MoWR and the SWLRI Consulting Team in order to integrate DSS specific training programs. It was tentatively agreed that the SWLRI/II would coordinate capacity building programs in support of the preparation of the Water and Land Resources Strategic Plan (as per the SWLRI/II scope of work) whereas the UNDP-led effort mainly was to concentrate on the institutional building and high level trainings related to the support of the DSS. The Bari Institute could provide a good resource for the implementation of some of the off-Country training related to the DSS.
Similarly, Institution building activities were to be coordinated between UNDP, the MOWR and the SWLRI Consulting team during a series of dedicated workshops. The first of a series of such events could again be coordinated and leveraged at the start of the SWLRI/II project when it was expected that MoWR and the SWLRI Consulting Team would call up all the members of the SWLRI Steering Committee and discuss on future mechanisms for coordination and leadership. This initial meeting was tentatively set for the early fall 2010 and could coincide with the SWLRI/II kick of meeting in Baghdad, however was delayed and postponed to 2011.
Finally, the WEB-GIS DSS component of the project was expected to be tendered out during the fall of 2010 in order to start implementation during the late winter/early spring 2011. The implementation phase would last 6 months and would require a high level of integration between the successful bidder and the SWLRI Consulting team. It was therefore foreseen that the majority of the work would be provided in Baghdad at the MoWR’s main office. The system implementation, that also included
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT procurement of dedicated hardware and software, will be followed by a 12 months post-sale/post- implementation assistance program.
The following bidding documents have been prepared on behalf of UNDP and for the purpose of this Project:
• ANNEX I – INSTRUCTION TO OFFERORS
• ANNEX II - UNDP GENERAL CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT FOR PROPFESSIONAL SERVICES
• ANNEX III – TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)
• ANNEX IV – PROPOSAL SUBMISSION FORM
• ANNEX V – PRICE SCHEDULE
ANNEX 1-3 MED INGEGERIA Report: Expectations
Stakeholders’ Expectations had been assessed on what the DSS might provide and how it would look like. Specifically the visibility of the DSS, its role, data safety if DSS web based, level of detail needed, impact of the tool to improve the planning and implementation stages as well as the coordination process, involvement of the future users and universities and the preferable time span for the water resources utilization.
This questionnaire was designed and managed to evaluate the stakeholders’ expectations on what the DSS is, what it has to provide, and what the stakeholders want the DSS to look like. Furthermore, it included proposing the idea/ideas that the stakeholders reached during the inception phase. The type of DSS that was envisioned is a tool that allows the MoWR to manage water resources in cooperation with all relevant stakeholders and the national strategy in water resources utilization. Such tool (or set of tools) should make possible to multiple users to access, update and view the data that are needed to prepare water resources plans (i.e.: hydrological and climatic data, water quality data, water requirement for irrigation, industry, municipal use, marshes restoration, the structure of the hydrological network, the economic and socio-economic conditions under which water utilization plans are made, etc) as well as to prepare alternative scenarios (based on some kind of optimization process) for the best use of the water. To this extent, the expectations questionnaire covered the categories:
DSS visibility
Use of GIS
World wide Web (Web) and the DSS data safety
Level of detail needed
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Role of the main stakeholders in running the DSS
Usefulness of the DSS (Sustainable plan/Drought)
Use of DSS ( technical personnel/decision makers)
Open question
Additional questions
The assessment was done through an in depth evaluation of the answers to the questionnaire provided by each stakeholder in order to correctly understand the level of the stakeholders’ expectations, the gap amongst them if any, their shared ideas, obstacles to the development of DSS, the way the DSS can help the decision makers to make better decisions, the main target/targets of the DSS, the preferable time span for the preparation of the strategic water resources utilization plan at national level. In addition, it was considered what the impact could be of the DSS in improving the planning and the implementation stages.
Market Survey DSS/GIS Software Report: As part of the Inception Phase, the MoWR’s present capabilities and ongoing programs that are pertinent with the development of a DSS and associated GIS, were assessed. Similarly, a market survey was conducted to identify alternative software solutions that the MoWR might want to consider while implementing the DSS and the associated GIS infrastructures.
The DSS software survey included three groups of tools: Water management software, System dynamic software and the Modeling system, according to different levels of flexibility and customization.
The GIS software market survey investigated the main GIS platforms available, focusing squarely on web application, interactive visualization and map creation.
For the DSS software the main desired feature was the assessment of the capacity for customization, as the Iraqi water resources system is considered complex and requires proper analysis. For this reason, a system dynamic software typology appeared to be the most suitable solution. To this extent, considering that the MoWR did already receive extensive training in the use of the PowerSIM platform and had already developed an advanced prototype called the TE-SDM (Tigris-Euphrates System Dynamic Model), it was proposed to use such model as one component of the overall DSS. Furthermore it was noted that the development of such analytical tool, would be within the scope of the second phase of the Strategy for Water and Land Resources of Iraq (SWLRI/II) and therefore would not be considered for the financial support of UNDP.
All analyzed software appeared to be flexible enough to satisfy the requirements for the GIS platform. The Ministry of Water Resources staff has been extensively trained on ESRI ArcGIS software in recent years. Moreover, the Master Plan for the Water Resources Management in Iraq points to geo-databases developed on the ArcGIS Platform (Arc Hydro Data Model). The utilization of the same software for GIS applications would surely imply the highest degree of interconnection and information exchange.
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Based on the considerations presented above, it was proposed that the overall DSS set of tools could be:
A set of analytical tools, which will be developed as part of the scope of the SWLRI/II and will make extensive use, among others, of a system dynamic software called PowerSIM;
A GIS platform, which will be based on the ESRI technology and will be building over the ARC Hydro Database. Also the implementation and compilation of the GIS structure and system will be part of the scope of the SWLRI/II.
A Web-Based, Password Protected, application for DSS viewing and interaction. This system (that from now on we will call Web-GIS DSS), will make extensive use of Web-GIS technology and will also provide a platform for all stakeholders to view and interact with the various alternative water resources utilization scenarios and give real time feedback to the MoWR. This third component, which was not included in the scope of work of the SWLRI/II but that is a key component for the success of the envisioned DSS system, is proposed to be developed under the UNDP-led Implementation Phase.
The expectation survey confirmed that a majority of respondents were in favor of a web-based collaboration system that would enable various stakeholders to access, view and interact with the Water Resources Plan remotely, via a web-based, GIS-oriented, system. However, the survey did predominantly target technical personnel and did not consult key decision makers at the MoWR (our primary client and target beneficiary) and other Ministries.
Without explicit confirmation from the Minister or Deputies that such web-based collaborative system would be welcome and supported, UNDP could not proceed any further lest the investment would be a waste of resources leading to the system never being utilized. This, as the collaborative aspects of the proposed system would not only entail technical, but also political considerations. The ministry regularly pointed to the confidential nature of data generation, analysis and sharing on water resources.
As the formation of the new cabinet in 2010 was slowed, and a newly mandated ministerial leadership only came in place at the end of the year, no political decision could be obtained.
In addition the work done by the consultant advised that full compatibility with the GIS/DSS developed by the SWLRI project should be ensured. To this end, close cooperation with the SWLRI project should be established. In addition, in terms of synchronization, a slow beginning of the SWLRI project in collecting data and designing its GIS/DSS was to be considered. Considering the Iraqi context, the estimated starting date for commencement of the Web_GIS-DSS was foreseen around the second quarter / mid-year of 2011.
The idea of the creation of a national commission for water management has been in existence for some time. Such supra-ministerial institution would be more likely to support this envisaged collaborative platform and need for transparent information sharing.
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ANNEX 1-4 UNESCO-IHE Training Courses
Training 1: Introduction to ArcGIS
Location: Istanbul, Turkey
Period: 10-14 January, 2012
UNESCO-IHE staff: Paolo Paron
Participants Agency
1 Muna Hamid Fayyadh MOWR
2 Abbas Qahtan Waheed MOWR
3 Anas Ibrahim Mohammed MOWR
4 Fatin Ihsan Qaseem MOWR
5 Yosif Samir Mohammed MOWR
Training 1: schedule and content
Day Training Content Delivery Type periods
10 January 3 periods Theory on GIS: GIS architecture; raster & 3 lecture classes 2012 vector data type; map projection; geo- database; basic geo spatial analysis; metadata.
Basics of GPS.
Introduction to Remote Sensing for water resources (Image characteristics; sensors types; remote sensing applications in the water sector)
11 January 3 periods Thematic mapping and visualization; Basic 3 exercise periods with explanations 2012 data processing and editing (using ArcGIS and MapWindows)
Extra: 1 period self study
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12 January 3 periods Geo-referencing of images; Basic geo- 3 exercise periods with explanations 2012 processing and analysis (using ArcGIS and MapWindows)
Extra: 1 period self study
13 January 3 periods DEM analysis for hydrological modelling: 2 exercise periods (ArcGIS and SAGA) 2012 drainage network extraction, drainage basin and sub-basin delineation. Area, 1 workshop on own data (participants are supposed to bring length calculation their own data. If not we will use UNESCO-IHE material. They will be helped to do their own analysis)
Extra: 1 period self study
14 January 2 periods Introduction to Remote Sensing for water 1 lecture 2012 resources (Image characteristics; sensors types; remote sensing applications in the 1 exercise: download of a freely available image; image display, water sector). enhancement and visual interpretation; band composition;
(ArcGIS, and HighView)
14January 2012 1 period Course evaluation. Discussions and 1 period feedback. Closing of the course.
Training 2: HEC-DSSVue, HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS
Location: Istanbul, Turkey Period: 02-06 February 2012 UNESCO-IHE staff: Ioana Popescu, Andreja Jonoski
Participants Agency
1 Laith Abdul Sattar Jabber MOWR
2 Sawsan Abud Ali Hussan MOWR
3 Amel Hussein Ali MOWR
4 Ziyad T. Abd MOWR
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5 Hedeal Yasen Abbas MOWR
6 Haneen Qays Mahmood MOWR
Training 2: schedule and content
Day Time Content
Day 1 Opening of the course.
9:00 – 11:00 Introduction of each participant. Course expectations.
02/02/2012 Schedule agreement. (what to cover)
Data availability.
11:00 – 12:30 Introduction to HEC-DSS: Concept, Time series, Data types
12:30 – 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 – 17:00 HEC-DSS, Use, Data plots
Day 2 09:00 – 12:30 Rainfall-runoff theory. Modelling concepts
03/02/2012 HEC-HMS interface
12:30 – 14:00 Lunch break
HEC-HMS 14:30 – 17:00 Exercise 1. Case study of a simple RR model.
Time series data
Developing meteorological components
Developing control components
DSS view of results
Day 3 09:00 – 12:30 Exercise 2. Case study of a multiple catchment system
04/02/2012 Model calibration
Optimisation procedures
HEC-HMS Including of a reservoir
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+ Assignment: Introduction to an exercise (to be done beyond the lecture periods) on developing a hydrological model for a catchment in Iraq HEC-RAS 12:30 – 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 – 17:00 River hydraulics. River modelling concepts (review)
Introduction to HEC-RAS, environment, river network, cross sections, boundary conditions (steady flow examples)
Day 4 09:00 – 12:30 Steady flow-Incorporation of structures in a model.
05/02/2012 Unsteady flow modelling
HEC-RAS 12:30 – 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 – 17:00 Unsteady flow modelling – cont.
Results visualisation
Day 5 09:00 – 11:30 Unsteady flow modeling for complex systems. Dam break analysis
06/02/2012 Workshop unsteady flow modeling on an Iraqi case.
HEC-RAS 11:30 – 12:30 Course evaluation. Discussions and feedback.
+ Closing of the course
Course evaluation
Training 3: HEC-ResSIM and MULINO DSS
Location: Istanbul, Turkey Period: 01-05 May 2012 Attendees: personnel from the Ministry of Water Resources of Iraq (8 staff members) UNESCO-IHE staff: Ioana Popescu, Andreja Jonoski
Participants Agency
1 Alaa Turki Khudair MOWR
2 Nazar Kadem Neam MOWR
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3 Saddam Qahtan Waheed MOWR
4 Jafer Kathom Alwan MOWR
5 Laith Abdul Sattar Jabber MOWR
6 Haider Thabit Nayyef
Training 3: schedule and content
Day Time Content
Day 1 Opening of the course.
8:15 – 09:00 Introduction of each participant. Course expectations.
01/05/2012 Schedule agreement. (what to cover)
HEC-Ressim Data availability.
09:00 – 10:30 Introduction to reservoir operation
10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break
11:00 – 13:00 HEC-Ressim (Main graphical interface and concepts)
13:00 – 13:30 Coffee break
13:00 – 15:00 HEC-Ressim (Simple case)
Day 2 08:15 – 10:30 HEC-Ressim (Simple case)
02/05/2012 10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break
HEC-Ressim 11:00 – 13:00 HEC-Ressim (Multiple reservoirs)
13:00 – 13:30 Coffee break
13:00 – 15:00 HEC-Ressim
Day 3 08:15 – 10:30 HEC-Ressim (Multiple reservoirs)
03/05/2012 10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break
HEC-Ressim 11:00 – 13:00 HEC-Ressim (Multiple reservoirs)
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+mDSS 13:00 – 13:30 Coffee break
13:00 – 15:00 Decision Support systems (theory)
Day 4 08:15 – 10:30 Decision support systems (theory)
04/05/2012 10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break mDSS 11:00 – 13:00 Use of MULINO (mDSS)
13:00 – 13:30 Coffee break
13:00 – 15:00 Use of MULINO (mDSS)
Day 5 08:15 – 10:30 Use of MULINO (mDSS)
05/05/2012 10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break mDSS 11:00 – 12:30 Course evaluation. Discussions and feedback.
+ Closing of the course
Course closure and evaluation
Training 4: Modelling with Mike SHE/Mike11
Location: Amman, Jordan Period: 18-22 November 2012 UNESCO-IHE staff: Ioana Popescu, Andreja Jonoski Participants Agency
1 Moaid K. Mahmoud MOWR
2 Jafer Kathom Alwan MOWR
3 Ali Turki Khudhair MOWR
4 Nazar Kadhim Neamah MOWR
5 Haider Thabit Nayyef MOWR
6 Saddm Qahtan Waheed MOWR
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7 Abbas Abdul-kadim Al-Rubaye MOWR
8 Sadiq Abdulhassan Mhassar MOWR
9 Ali Kadhim Jassim MOWR
10 - Basem Jaber Badah MOWR
Training 4: schedule and content
Day Time Content
Day 1 Opening of the course.
9:00 – 9:30 Introduction of each participant. Course expectations.
18/11/2012 Schedule agreement. (what to cover)
Data availability.
9:30 – 10:30 River systems modelling
10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break
11:00 – 12:45 Mike 11 concepts. How to build a case in Mike 11, by solving the problem of routing a hydrograph on a mild and steep river
12:45 – 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 – 16:30 Mike 11. Modelling different river systems cases ( calibration and special cases)
Day 2 09:00 – 10:30 Modelling the case of Var river
19/11/2012 10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break
11:00 – 12:45 Introduction to Catchment modelling and Mike She modelling concepts
12:45 – 14:00 Lunch break
14:30 – 16:30 Exercise 1: How to build a case in Mike She. Saturated zone component
Day 3 09:00 – 10:30 Visualising Mike She results. Build Water Balances
20/11/2012 10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break
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11:00 – 12:45 Exercise 2. Overland flow and river network
12:45 – 14:00 Lunch break
14:30 – 16:30 Exercise 3 Single column unsaturated zone model
Day 4 09:00 – 10:30 Exercise 4. Integrated catchment model
21/11/2012 10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break
11:00 – 12:45 Exercise 4-continuation
12:45 – 14:00 Lunch break
14:30 – 16:30 Exercise 4. Visualising results
Day 5 09:00 – 10:30 Exercise 5. Changing land use, introducing wells
22/11/2012 10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break
11:00 – 12:45 Exercise 5. Making comparison between cases
12:45 – 14:00 Lunch break
14:30 – 16:30 Course evaluation. Discussions and feedback.
Closing of the course
Training 5: Advanced ArcGIS
Location: Amman, Jordan Period: 16-20 December 2012 UNESCO-IHE staff: J. van der Kwast Participants Agency
1 Ayad Hameed Abbas Al-Anbari MOWR
2 Ammar Salah Ahmed Manhee MOWR
3 Yousif Samir M Hussein Almamalachy MOWR
4 Tahssen Ali Jaeeb MOWR
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5 Muna Hamid Fayyadh Al-Dulaimi MOWR
6 Anas Ibrahim Mohammed MOWR
7 Abbas Qahtan Waheed MOWR
8 Ammar Abood Namis MOWR
Training 5: schedule and content
Day Time Content
Day 1 Opening of the course.
9:00 – 9:30 Introduction of each participant. Course expectations.
16/12/2012 Schedule agreement. (what to cover)
Data availability.
9:30 – 10:30 Spatial analysis: map algebra
10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break
11:00 – 12:45 Exercise 1: spatial planning
12:45 – 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 – 16:30 Exercise 1: continuation
Day 2 09:00 – 10:30 Spatial analysis: interpolation
17/12/2012 10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break
11:00 – 12:45 Exercise 2: interpolation of point data
12:45 – 14:00 Lunch break
14:30 – 16:30 Exercise 3: interpolation of contour lines
Day 3 09:00 – 10:30 Modelling: ModelBuilder
18/12/2012 10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break
11:00 – 12:45 Exercise 4: a first model
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12:45 – 14:00 Lunch break
14:30 – 16:30 Exercise 5: dynamic modelling
Day 4 09:00 – 10:30 Hydrology: catchment delineation
19/12/2012 10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break
11:00 – 12:45 Exercise 6: catchment delineation
12:45 – 14:00 Lunch break
14:30 – 16:30 Exercise 6: continuation
Day 5 09:00 – 10:30 Exercise 7: automation of catchment delineation using ModelBuilder
20/11/2012 10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break
11:00 – 12:45 Exercise 7: continuation
12:45 – 14:00 Lunch break
14:30 – 16:30 Course evaluation. Discussions and feedback.
Closing of the course
Training 6: Advanced hydrological modelling Diyala river using HEC-HMS
Location: Istanbul, Turkey Period: 09-13 December, 2013 UNESCO-IHE staff: Ioana Popescu, Andreja Jonoski
Participants Agency
1 Jafar Kathom Alwan Al-Amiry MOWR
2 Hatem Hameed Hussain Al Tameemi MOWR
3 Haneen Qays Mahmood Al Giburi MOWR
4 Haider Thabit Nayyef AlHudaib MOWR
5 Sundus I. Ibrahim Al-Obadi MOWR
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6 Moaid K.Mahmoud Al Tmemy
Warda Neamah Mohammed Salih Al -Juboori
Training 6: schedule and content
Day Time Content
Day 1 Opening of the course.
9:00 – 9:30 Introduction of each participant. Schedule agreement.
09/12/2013 9:30 – 11:00 Course expectations. Discussion/Presentations of the participants to the course regarding the scope of the model, their understanding of the model up to date. 11:00 – 11:30 Coffee break 11:30 – 14:00 Step by step delineation of basins and sub-basins of Diyala catchment is
ArcGIS
14:00 – 15:00 LunchShort reviewbreak of HEC-HMS concepts, processes, modelling steps and scope of using it 15:00 – 17:00 inShort modelling review of HEC-HMS concepts, processes, modelling steps and scope of
Day 2 09:00 – 11:00 Rainfallusing it ingeneration modelling 11:00 – 11:30 Coffee break 10/12/2013 11:00 – 14:00 Analyse and understand the data received from MoWR (.dss and excel files)
14:00 – 15:00 LunchThe steps break for building the Diyala HEC-HMS model 15:00 – 17:00 Analyse and understand the data received from MoWR (.dss and excel files) Day 3 09:00 – 11:00 Building step by step the Diyala HEC-HMS model from available data 11:00 – 11:30 Coffee break 11/12/2013 11:00 – 14:00 Building step by step the Diyala HEC-HMS model from available data 14:00 – 15:00 Lunch break 15:00 – 17:00 Building step by step the Diyala HEC-HMS model from available data Day 4 09:00 – 10:30 Building step by step the Diyala HEC-HMS model from available data 11:00 – 11:30 Coffee break 12/12/2013 11:00 – 14:00 Building step by step the Diyala HEC-HMS model from available data 14:00 – 15:00 Lunch break 15:00 – 17:00 Calibration issues Day 5 09:00 – 10:30 Discussion and testing of future use of the model 11:00 – 11:30 Coffee break 13/12/2013 11:00 – 14:00 Possible scenarios to be tested 14:00 – 15:00 Lunch break 15:00 – 17:00 Course evaluation. Discussions and feedback.
Closing of the course
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Training 7: Applied Groundwater Modelling with GMS
Location Istanbul, Turkey Period: February 10 to 14, 2014 UNESCO-IHE staff: Yangxiao Zhou, Andreja Jonoski
Participants Agency
1 Ali Muhammed Jawad Nsayf Al-Khafaji MOWR
2 Mohammed Ibrahim Abdul Razzaq MOWR
3 Anas Ibrahim Mohammed MOWR
4 Orooba Abdulwahid Abdulhameed MOWR
5 Zayad Jameel Kaittan MOWR
6 Ahmed Hamid Ibrahem MOWR
7 Hkalid Saiman Dawood MOWR
8 Mohammed Tawfeeq Ibrahim MOWR
9 Yousif Samir M. Hussein MOWR
Training 7: schedule and content
Day Time Content
Sunday Whole day Arrival participants and lecturers Feb. 9 Monday 09:00-10:00 Opening 10:00-11:30 Demo case: analytical and numerical solutions Feb. 10 11:30-12:30 InstallationCourse introduction of GMS9.2 and learning objectives
12:30-14:00 Lunch 14:00-17:00 Tutorial 1: GMS-MODFLOW: Grid approach Tuesday 08:30-10:30 Introduction to MODFLOW 11:00-12:30 Tutorial 2: GMS-MODFLOW: Conceptual approach Feb. 11 12:30-14:00 Lunch 14:00-17:00 Tutorial 3: GMS-MODFLOW: Conceptual approach
Wednesday 08:30-12:30 Modeling procedures 12:30-14:00 Lunch
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Feb. 12 14:00-17:00 Tutorial 4: GMS-Scatter data interpolation
Thursday 08:30-09:30 Introduction to MODPATH 09:00-12:30 Tutorial 5: GMS-MODPATH Feb. 13 12:30-14:00 Lunch 14:00-17:00 Tutorial 6: GMS-Solids 08:30-09:30 Introduction to MODPATH
Friday 08:30-12:30 Tutorial 7: GMS-MODFLOW: Transient model Feb. 14 12:30-14:00 Lunch
14:00-16:00 Tutorial 8: GMS-MODFLOW: Model calibration
16:00-17:00 Course evaluation and award certificates
Saturday Whole day Departure participants Feb. 15
Training 8: Hydrodynamic Modelling of Tigris river using HEC-RAS
Location Istanbul, Turkey Period: 15-19 February 2014 UNESCO-IHE staff: Ioana Popescu, Andreja Jonoski
Participants Agency
1 Intisar Ali Mohammed MOWR
2 Hamdiea Skheel Jazaa Alkhafajy MOWR
3 Jafer Kathom Alwan MOWR
4 Alaa Turki Khudhair Al-Masoodi MOWR
5 Nezar Kadhim Neamah MOWR
6 Saddam Qahtan Waheed MOWR
7 Maryam Naeem Odaa Al-obaidy MOWR
8 Ammar Salah Ahmed Manhee MOWR
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Training 8: schedule and content
Day Time Content
Day 1 9:30 – 11:00 Course expectations. Discussion/Presentations of the participants to the course regarding the scope of the model, their understanding of the 15/02/2014 model up to date. Data availability, discussion on data
11:00 – 11:30 Coffee break
11:30 – 14:00 Short review of river modelling concepts, modelling steps and scope of using it in modelling.
14:00 – 15:00 Lunch break
15:00 – 16:30 Review of DSS and how to use files. Data input in DSS
Day 2 09:00 – 11:00 Step by step modelling of river Tigris: network definition 11:00 – 11:30 Coffee break 16/02/2014 11:00 – 14:00 Step by step modelling of river Tigris: XSections 14:00 – 15:00 Lunch break
15:00 – 16:30 Step by step modelling of river Tigris: Unsteady flow data Step by step modelling of river Tigris: Running the model and result analysis Day 3 09:00 – 11:00 Step by step modelling of river Tigris: Placing structures on the river
11:00 – 11:30 Coffee break 17/02/2014 11:00 – 14:00 Step by step modelling of river Tigris: Unsteady data for a river with
14:00 – 15:00 structuresLunch break 15:00 – 16:30 Step by step modelling of river Tigris: Simulate river model that has Step by step modelling of river Tigris: Running the model and result Day 4 09:00 – 10:30 structures.Step by step Result modelling analysis of river Tigris: Model Calibration 11:00 – 11:30 analysis Coffee break 18/02/2014 11:00 – 14:00 Flood analysis 14:00 – 15:00 Lunch break 15:00 – 16:30 Discussion and testing of future use of the model Day 5 09:00 – 10:30 Possible scenarios to be tested 11:00 – 11:30 Coffee break 19/02/2014 11:00 – 14:00 Possible scenarios to be tested 14:00 – 15:00 Lunch break 15:00 – 16:30 Course evaluation. Discussions and feedback.
Closing of the course
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ANNEX 1-5 UN to UN Agreement
UN AGENCY TO UN AGENCY CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
A. SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES
Start/End Dates: Activities start date: 1 January 2012 Activities end date: 30 June 2014
Location: Baghdad, Iraq
Reimbursement Amount 2012: €79,320 ($103,404) Reimbursement Amount 2013: €38,617 ($53,412) Contribution Amount 2014: €80,569 ($111,437)
Contributing Agency: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Recipient Agency: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Water Education (UNESCO-IHE)
Nature of Activities: UNESCO-IHE provides training on software developed by the US ACE Hydrological Engineering Centre
Purpose Enabling the Ministry of Water Resources Iraq to capacitate technicality of water modelling through the implementation of the water resources decision support system project
Annexes: In the event that the terms contained in Annex(es) are incompatible with those contained in this Agreement, then the latter shall govern and prevail. (Refer to Agenda and Activity Budget attached)
Expected outcome: The Ministry of Water Resources Iraq will be able to make use of software and conduct water modelling within their capacity
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The Recipient Agency will be fully responsible for administering the Contribution in accordance with its financial regulations, rules, policies and procedures, and administrative instructions, and carrying out the Activities efficiently and effectively. The recipient agency will be reimbursed for the activity undertaken upon presentation of the financial report.
B. BUDGET
In this UN Agency to UN Agency contribution agreement, the proposed budget contains three activities for 2012, 2013 and 214. The total budget for 2012 was €82,065 ($113,506). The actual cost of the five training courses conducted in 2012 was €79,320 ($103,404). The difference is caused by the actual out-of-pocket costs at the time of training. Total budget for Activity 2013 is €38,617 EUR ($53,412). The budget for Activity 2014 is €80,569 EUR ($111,437), as more fully described below. The Contribution will be paid in instalments in accordance with Section E.
Summary of activities and BUDGET7 Year 2012 Year 2013 Year 2014 Grand Total
Total programmable amount $103,404 $53,412 $111,437 $268,253
The Contributing Agency will not be responsible for any financial commitment or expenditure made by the Recipient Agency that exceeds the budget for the Activities. The Recipient Agency will promptly advise the Contributing Agency any time when the Recipient Agency is aware that the budget to carry out these Activities is insufficient to fully implement the Activities in the manner set out in the present Agreement, including its Annex(es). The Contributing Agency will have no obligation to provide the Recipient Agency with any funds or to make any reimbursement for expenses incurred in excess of the total budget as set forth herein.
Activity (2012):
Course 1: Introduction to ArcGIS Venue: Istanbul, Turkey Date: 10-14 January, 2012 Budget/cost: €10,703 Lecturers: Paolo Paron
Course 2: Introduction to HEC – DSS; HEC – HMS; HEC RAS Venue: Istanbul, Turkey Date: 02-06 February 2012 Budget/cost: €14,213
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Lecturers: Ioana Popescu, Andreja Jonoski
Course 3: HEC-ResSIM and MULINO DSS Venue: Istanbul, Turkey Date: 01-05 May 2012 Budget/cost: €21,104 Lecturers: Ioana Popescu, Andreja Jonoski
Platform (moodle) Budget./cost: €6,104 Maintained by: Ioana Popescu, Andreja Jonoski, Quan Pan, Paolo Paron
Course 4: Modelling with Mike SHE/Mike11 Venue:Amman/Jordan Date: 18-22 November 2012 Budget/cost: €20,804 Lecturers: Ioana Popescu, Andreja Jonoski
Course 5: Advance ArcGIS Venue: Amman/Jordan Date: 16-20 December, 2012 Budget/cost: €9,137 Lecturers: Hans van der Kwast
Total budget 2012: €82,065 (113,506 USD)
Activity (2013):
Course 6: The Name of Activity: HMS Advanced Applications: Case Study on Dyiala River Venue: Istanbul, Turkey Date: December 9th to 13th, 2013 Number of trainees: 10 Total budget: €38,617
Total budget 2013: €38,617 (53,412.17 USD)
Activity (2014):
Course 7: The Name of Activity: Introductory Course for Groundwater Management System (GMS) Venue: Istanbul, Turkey Date: February 9th to 13th, 2014 Number of trainees: 10 Total budget: €35,280
Course 8: The Name of Activity: HEC-RAS’s Unsteady flow Analysis: Case Study on TIGRIS River D/S SAMARRA Barrage and U/S KUT Barrage Venue: Istanbul, Turkey
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Date: February 16th to 20th, 2014 Number of trainees: 10 Total budget: €40,289
E-Learning platform: €5,000 Total budget 2014: €80,569 (111,437 USD)
C. COSTS RECOVERY
The Recipient Agency’s support costs, determined in accordance with its cost recovery policy, will be paid from the Contribution, in accordance with the budget.
D. REPORTING
Narrative reporting:
The Recipient Agency will provide the Contributing Agency with a narrative report on the progress of the Activities on a regular basis.
Financial Reporting:
The Recipient Agency will provide the Contributing Agency with the following financial reports, prepared in accordance with the Recipient Agency’s financial regulations, rules, policies, procedures, and administrative instructions as attached in the Annex.
E. CONTRIBUTIONS
The total amounts paid by the Contributing Agency shall match the total budget amount. For Activities less than one year in duration the Contribution will be paid to the Recipient Agency prior to the commencement of Activities. For multi-year Activities the Contribution will be paid in instalments according to the following schedule.
Schedule of payment:
Activity 2012 and 2013 Date: (15-February-2014) $156,816
Activity 2014 Date: (30-March-2014) $111,437
The Contribution will be paid in accordance to the UNDP standing policies on UN Agency advance management.
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When making such transfers the Contributing Agency will notify the Recipient Agency, UNDP Project coordinator informs details through fax or e-mail of the following: (a) the amount transferred; (b) the value date of the transfer; (c) that the transfer is from the Contributing Agency pursuant to this Agreement.
F. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
All Intellectual Property Rights related to the Activities will belong to the Recipient Agency. The Contributing Agency and, if applicable, the relevant programme Government will enjoy a perpetual, royalty-free, non-exclusive and non-transferable license.
G. CORRESPONDENCE
All correspondence regarding the implementation of this Agreement will be addressed to:
[Name of the Contributing Agency] United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Address: Ishaq Al Edwan #16 Shmessani PO Box 941074, Amman 11194 Jordan
[Name of the Recipient Agency]: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education
Address: Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, P.O.Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, The Netherlands
H. AMENDMENTS
The present Agreement, including its Annex(es), may be modified or amended only by written agreement between the two Agencies.
I. COMPLETION OF THE ACTIVITIES
The Recipient Agency will notify the Contributing Agency when all Activities have been completed.
The Recipient Agency will continue to hold any part of the Contribution that is unutilized at completion of the Activities until all commitments and liabilities incurred in the carrying out of the Activities have been satisfied and all arrangements associated with the Activities have been brought to an orderly conclusion.
J. TERMINATION OF THIS AGREEMENT
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This Agreement will terminate upon satisfaction of all commitments and liabilities incurred in carrying out the Activities and the orderly conclusion of all arrangements associated with the Activities.
This Agreement may be terminated by either Agency at any time by written notice to the other. Termination will be effective thirty (30) days after receipt of the notice. In the event of termination under this paragraph, the two Agencies will cooperate to ensure completion of the Activities, satisfaction of all commitments and liabilities, and the orderly conclusion of all arrangements associated with the Activities.
K. REFUNDS OF UNSPENT BALANCES
OPTIONS:
Upon termination of this Agreement and following the submission of the final financial report, any unspent balance from the Contribution will be returned to the Contributing Agency, unless otherwise agreed in writing by the two Agencies.
L. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES
The two Agencies will use their best efforts to promptly settle through direct negotiations any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or in connection with this Agreement or any breach thereof. Any such dispute, controversy or claim which is not settled within sixty (60) days from the date either party has notified the other party of the nature of the dispute, controversy or claim and of the measures which should be taken to rectify it, will be resolved through consultation between the Executive Heads of each of the Agencies.
M. ENTRY INTO FORCE AND VALIDITY
This Agreement will enter into force upon its signature by the authorized representatives of the Parties and remain in force until terminated in accordance with Section J above.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed the present Agreement in duplicate.
Signed
Adam Abdelmoula Country Director, UNDP Iraq
Signed
Prof. András Szöllösi-Nagy, PhD, DSc Rector UNESCO-IHE
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ANNEX 1-6 Inception Workshop on Decentralized Water Governance
Participants Agency
1- Laith Abdul Sattar MOWR
2- Ahmed Kadhim Abdulla Water Directorate in Diwaniya
3- Mohammed Sahib Hassan Water Directorate in Muthanna
4- AbdulRutha Saeed Abdul rutha.. MOWR
5- Hameed Rasheed Bhiya Water Directorate in Babil
6- Hassan Mahdi Al Saffar MOWR
7- Hussain Abdul Ameer Bakka MOWR
8- Aoun Diab Abdulla MOWR
9- Jaffar Alwan MOWR
10- Dr Abbas Balasim UNDP consultant
11- Dr. Sadiq Bakir Jawad PMAC
12- Ikram Qasim Nasir PMAC
13- Nadia Al Jawhari… UNDP
14- Manal Aziza UNDP
15- John Carter UNDP International Consultant
Agenda Day 1 (May 20, 2012)
Time Topic Facilitator/Presenter
10:00 - 10:15 a.m. Opening ceremonies. MoWR, UNDP
10:15 - 10:30 a.m. Clarification of workshop purpose and UNDP agenda.
10:30 - 10:45 a.m. Introductions around the table. All participants
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10:45 - 11:15 a.m. Overview of principles of decentralized UNDP water governance.
11:15 a.m. - 12:15 Discussion of current water governance in Roundtable discussion, with p.m. Iraq; laws; centralized and decentralized each ministry and Governorates functions. presenting views; facilitated by UNDP
12:15 p.m. - 1:00 p.m. Lunch -
1:00 - 2:00 p.m. The water planning challenges in Iraq (who, Roundtable discussion, what, where, internal and external factors); facilitated by UNDP focus on Babil, Qadissiya, Muthanna.
2:00 - 2:45 p.m. Why local water users need to be UNDP, with discussion from organized; overview of concepts of Local participants. Water Committees.
2:45 - 3:00 p.m. Summary of main points and review of UNDP next day’s agenda.
Day 2(May 21, 2012) Time Topic Facilitator/Presenter
9:00 – 9:15 a.m. Re-introduction to the day’s activities. UNDP
9:15 – 9:45 a.m. Mandate and mechanisms of Local Water UNDP Committees (how they might work).
9:45 – 10:30 a.m. Potential representatives in a typical Local UNDP, with discussion from Water Committee (different planning and participants management needs); focus on the Babil, Qadissiya, and Muthanna case.
10:30 – 10:45 a.m. Break -
10:45 – 11:30 a.m. Where else can the concept of Local Water UNDP facilitation of a discussion with Committees be developed? (try to select 2 all participants other sub-regions in Iraq).
11:30 – 11:45 a.m. Summary of main points from the morning. UNDP
11:45 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. Lunch. -
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12:30 – 2:00 p.m. Discussion of sequence of activities to UNDP overview, with roundtable advance the Local Water Committee initiative discussion of all participants, (organization in Babil-Qadissiya-Muthanna, facilitated by UNDP exposure trips outside Iraq, set-up in two other sub-regions, facilitation, training, etc.).
2:00 – 2:15 p.m. Break. -
2:15 – 2:45 p.m. Summary of next steps, participants, UNDP, with input of participants schedule, responsibilities.
2:45 – 3:00 p.m. Closing. MoWR, UNDP
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ANNEX 1-7 Shatt Al Hilla (1st Pilot)
List of participants in the 1st meeting of LWC of Shatt al Hilla
Location: Diwaniya Governorate on 18 July 2012
Name Agency Location
1 Hussain Ali Bakka MOWR Baghdad
2 Mahdi Al Saffar MOWR Baghdad
3 Laith Abdulsattar MOWR Baghdad
4 Hayder Salman Neame Governor office manager Diwaniya
5 Kadhim Abbas Fiyath Police Directorate Diwaniya
6 Mohamed Abid Hussain Agriculture directorate director Diwaniya
7 Hayder Enach EEdan Environment Directorate Diwaniya
8 Ali Manee Governor adviser Diwaniya
9 Ahmed Jassab Multat Sanitation director Diwaniya
10 AbdulKarim Jasim Alumran Deputy Governor Assistant Diwaniya
11 Ahmed Kadhim Abdulla Water resources directorate Diwaniya Manager
12 Jjubair Al Jobori Diwaniya Goverrnorate Council Diwaniya head
13 Karim Hhawar AalBakri Agriculture college /AlKasim Babil University
14 Khithir Qbaes AlKhafaji Governor office Babil
15 Adel Fadhil Addawee Agriculture Directorate Babil
16 Amer Muhammed Ali Environment Directorate Babil
17 Abdul Wahid Kkadhim Water resources directorate Babil
18 Qasim Jabir Abdulhussain First depty of Governor in Muthanna
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Muthanna
19 Abid Muttar Muhammed Water Directorate director Muthanna
20 Yousif Sswadee Jabbar Environment directorate Muthanna
21 Muhammed Sahib Hassan Water Directorate Muthanna
22 Munir Hmood Dakheel UNDP Contractor/BDS Facilitator
23 Ali Muhammed BDS coordinator
24 Dr. Abbas Balasim UNDP consultant
ANNEX 1-8 Shatt al Hilla 2nd Meeting
List of participants in the 2nd meeting of LWC of Shatt al Hilla
Location: Muthanna Governorate on 3 September 2012
Name Agency Location
1 Abdul Rutha Saeed MOWR Baghdad
2 Laith Abdulsattar Kadhim MOWR Baghdad
3 Ahmed Kkadhim Aabdulla MOWR Baghdad
4 Hydar Enach EEdan Environment Directorate Diwaniya
5 Mohamed Abid Hussain Environment Directorate Diwaniya Aaljobori
6 Mohammed Hayder Makawee Agriculture Directorate Diwaniya
7 Hussain Shamal Aloon Water Resources directorate Muthanna
8 Fliah Ethab Fiaeel Water Resources directorate Muthanna
9 Taklef Kshayish Hasana Water Resources directorate Muthanna
10 Jabar Halasa Mohamed Agriculture Directorate Muthanna
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11 Hazaz Hasan Eed Agriculture Directorate Muthanna
12 Najah Arkan Khthaer Police directorate Babil
13 Yehya Gali Yasin Sanitation directorate Muthanna
14 Yousif Swadi Jabar Environment directorate Muthanna
15 Abid Muttar Fahad Water directorate director Muthanna
16 Imad Hameed Hussain Water directorate Muthanna
17 Amer Jabbar Ooda Agriculture directorate diector Muthanna
18 Ali abdulhussain Ahmed Water directorate Muthanna
19 Karim Hawa Hamza Agriculture college /Al Qasim Babil University
20 Amer Mohamed Ali Environment directorate Babil
21 Husain AbdulAmeer Abbas Municipality directorate Babil
22 Adil Fadhil Haddawee Agriculture directorate Babil
23 Hussain Hassoni Ahmed Agriculture directorate director Babil
24 Hameed Rasheed Bahaya Water resources director Babil
25 Ayad Tulai AlMayali Governorate council Diwaniya
26 Hayder Jabir Governorate council Babil
27 Ali Hussain Shahir Governorate council Muthanna
28 Hussain Aali Abid Mahmood Governorate council Babil
29 Mohammed Sahib Hassan Water resources director Muthanna
30 Qasim Jabir Abdul Hussain Deputy of Governor Muthanna
ANNEX 1-9 Shatt al Hilla 3rd Meeting
List of participants in the 3rd meeting of LWC of Shatt al Hilla
Location: Babil Governorate on 19 Nov. 2012
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Name Agency Location
1 Amer Mohammed Ali Babil
2 Hussain Abdul Ameer Abbas Babil
3 Dr. Karim Hawa Al Bakri Agriculture college /Al Qasim Babil University
4 Hassan Adnan Hassan Babil
5 Mohammed Abid Agriculture directorate director Diwaniya Hussain Al jobori
6 Abdul Ritha Saeed Abdulritha MOWR
7 Hameed Rasheed Bhaya Water resources director Babil
8 Hassan Mahdi Alsaffar MOWR
9 Khithir Ubayes Al khafaji Governor office Babil
10 Hussain Hassoni Ahmed Agriculture directorate director Babil
11 Hassan Mulla Ubaid Governor advisor Babil
12 Adel Fadhil Hadawee Agriculture directorate Babil
13 Salam Abdulhadi Hasson Agriculture directorate Babil
14 Rasha Abid Hamza Agriculture directorate Babil
15 Ali Abbas Muthafar Media section Babil
16 Jawad Alshumari Alhuriya satellite channel Babil
17 Hadeel Aljumaili Alhuriya satellite channel Babil
18 Yousif Swadi Jabbar Environment directorate director Muthanna
19 Abbas khthair Abbas Environment directorate director Babil
20 Moayed Abdul wahid Babil
21 Hayder Eedan Environment directorate directo Diwaniya
22 Mohamed Sahib Hassan Water resources director Muthanna
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23 Ahmed Kadhim Abdulla Water resources director Diwaniya
24 Suhaila Abbas Hamza Governorate council Babil
25 Salah Mosa Mahmood Governorate council Babil
26 Maitham Farhan Governorate council Babil
27 Ayad Tulae Alhayali Governorate council Diwaniya
28 Saeed Adnan Khafeef Elaf institution director Diwaniya
29 Jasim Jaleel Alqaisi Governor assistant Babil
30 Mohamed Murza Hanza Police directorate Babil
31 Basim Kthoom Abbod Governorate council Babil
32 Ali Hameed Governorate council Babil
33 Kadhim Shaeer Governorate council Babil
34 Ibrahim Khaleel Governorate council Babil
35 Qasim Jabir Abdul Hussain Governor Deputy Muthanna
36 Hayder Jabir Ali Governorate council Babil
37 Hazaz Abid Eed Farmers association Muthanna
38 Yahya Ghali Yasin Sanitation directorate Muthanna
39 Ali Hussain Shahir Governorate council Muthanna
ANNEX 1-10 Shatt Al Gharaf 1st Meeting
List of participants in the 1st meeting of LWC of Shatt Al Gharaf
Location: Maysan Governorate on 6th Sep. 2012
Name Agency Location
1 Muhsen Tuma Muhsin Deputy Governor Wassit
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2 Mohammed Husain Ali Deputy Governor Maysan
3 Kadhim Kareem Elewee AlHay local governor Wassit
4 Sabbar Khalaf Hamza Governor office Wassit
5 Sabah Bareed Alwan Farmer assiciation Wassit
6 Sabah Abbas Fleih Environment directorate director Wassit
7 Ali Jasim Husain Water resources directorate director Wassit
8 Hussain Hasan Governor Advisor Maysan Mohammed
9 Kadhim Jallob Meshali Water resources directorate director Maysan
10 Naser Mnatee Fael Agriculture Directorate director Maysan
11 Kareem Hattab Maysan
12 Ghazi Hameed Samari Police directorate Maysan
13 Mohammed Hasan Water resources Maysan Hamdan
14 Mohanned Kamal Hamad Governor office Maysan
15 Kamil Kadhim Abid NGO Maysan
16 Mutashar Khlebis Sajit NGO Maysan
17 Kati Thijeel Lelo NGO Maysan
18 Husain Ali Eed NGO Maysan
19 Mohammed Said Hafith Environment directorate Maysan
20 Zainab Tahir Ahmed Environment directorate Thi-Qar
21 Muhsin Aziz Mashkhool Environment directorate director Thi-Qar
22 Kareem Yousif Al Jabiri Governorate acaouncil Thi-Qar
23 Dr. Bashar Jabbar Jumaa Science College /Maysan University Maysan
24 Abdul Al fadhil Hati Ali Governor office Thi-Qar
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25 Mukdad Shihab Alyasiri Farmers association Thi-Qar
26 Hassan Neema Lafta Agriculture directorate Director Thi-Qar
27 Esmaeel Qasim Ahmed Water resources director Thi-Qar
28 Hassan Layoos Salih Governor deputy Thi-Qar
29 AhmedHassan Ali Water resources Thi-Qar
30 Hassan Lazim Kadhim Governor office Maysan
31 Ali Salih Ali Agriculture directorate Maysan
32 Ahmed Abdul Karim Al Governor office Thi-Qar Khafaji
33 Samir Abood Abdul Gafoor Environment directorate director Maysan
34 Amjad Al dahamat Governor office Maysan
35 Munir Hmood BDS
36 Wathab Razoki BDS
ANNEX 1-11 Shatt Al Gharaf 2nd Meeting
List of participants in the 2nd meeting of LWC of Shatt Al Gharaf
Location: Thi-Qar Governorate on 4th Dec. 2012m
Name Agency Location
1 Muhsin Tuma Muhsin Governor deputy Thi-Qar
2 Kadhim Karim Elewee Governorate local council Thi-Qar
3 Sabah Bareed Alwan Wasit union Wasiit
4 Mukdad Nassab Albakri Thi-Qar Union Thi-Qar
5 Karim Hattab Jijan Maysan Union Maysan
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6 Sabbar Khalaf Hamza Governor office Wasiit
7 Aman Farhan Khdaier Water Resources director Wasiit
8 Hussain Hassan Governor office Thi-Qar Muhammed
9 Kadhim Galoob Meshali Water Resources director Maysan
10 Amjad Al dahamat Governor office Maysan
11 Nasir Mnati Fael Agriculture Directorate Director Maysan
12 Sadiq Jaffar Salih Thi-Qar University Thi-Qar
13 Usama Hashim Witwit Marshland management Directorate Thi-Qar
14 Ali Kadie Sarhad Sanitation directorate Director Thi-Qar
15 Hassan Layoos Salih Governor deputy Thi-Qar
16 Hassan Mahdi Alsaffar MOWR
17 Muhsin Aziz Mashkhool Environment directorate director Thi-Qar
18 Ahmed Hassan Ali Water Resources Thi-Qar
19 Ismaeel Qasim Ahmed Water Resources director Thi-Qar
20 Kareem Yousif Aljabiri Governorate council Thi-Qar
21 Abdul Fadhil Hati Ali Governor office Thi-Qar
22 Hassan Numa Lafta Agriculture Directorate directorae Thi-Qar
23 Ali Salih Ali Agriculture Directorate Thi-Qar
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ANNEX 1-12 Main Tigris River 1st Meeting
List of participants in the 1st meeting of LWC of Main Tigris River
Location: Maysan Governorate on 3rd Dec. 2013
Name Agency Location
1 Hussain Siqar Muhammed Water resources directorate Maysan
2 Anmar Mansure Hussain Agriculture directorate Wassit
3 Saad Turky Attiya Environment Directorate Wassit
4 Aman Farhan Khudaier Water Resources Directorate Director Wassit
5 Sabah Abbas Fleih Environment Directorate director Wassit
6 Arkan Maryoosh Hussain Agriculture directorate director Wassit
7 Sabbar Khalaf Hamza Governor office Wassit
8 Alaa Aldin Taher Najim Water Resources Directorate Director Basrah
9 Naser Mnatee Fael Agriculture directorate director Maysan
10 Shakir Hayees Hafith Farmers associations Maysan
11 Khazi Hameed Samawee Police Directorate Director Maysan
12 Kadhim Chaloob Mshali Water Resources Director Maysan
13 Amjad Al dahamat Governor office Maysan
14 Muhammed Saeed Hafith Environment Directorate Maysan
15 Hashim Muhsin Marshland directorate Maysan
16 Rasheed Eedan Al Bareere Governor deputy Wassit
17 Maytham AlDaffan Water resources Directorate Maysan
18 Hussain Hassan Governor advisor Maysan Muhammed
19 Emad Salman Salih Farmers association Basrah
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20 Latifa Jumaa Abid Farmers association Basrah
21 Munir Hmood Dakheel BDS
22 Chasib Hamdan Al Jabiri Governor deputy Maysan
23 Salah Ganee Yasin NGO Basrah
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ANNEEX 1-13 Main Tigris River 2nd Meeting
List of participants in the 2nd meeting of LWC of Main Tigris River
Location: Basrah governorate on 8th Jan .2014
Name Position Governorate
1 Abdulrutha Saeed Expert in MOWR/ Operation board Baghdad
2 Mohammed Hasan Missan Water Directorate Missan Hamdan
3 Tarik Kadhim Maee Missan Agriculture Directorate Missan
4 Hashim Muhsin Habeeb Director of Missan Marshland Missan
5 Hussain Hassan Argricultural Adviser of Missan Missan/Governor Office Mohammed Governor
6 Hussain Abbas Ali Al Qurna Association member Basrah
7 Hadi Badir Al Qurna Association head Basrah
8 Latifa Juma Abid Local association in Basrah Basrah
9 Nahtha Sadiq Ahmed Agriculture directorate in Basrah Basrah
10 Khaleel Ibraheem Environment directorate Basrah Hussain
11 Mufeed Abdulzahra Ali Basrah Marshland Head Basrah
12 AlaAldin Tahir Najim Basrah Water Directorate Basrah
13 Dr. Muhsin Abdul Hay Agriculture colleage/Basrah Basrah Dishir University
14 HASSAN Mahdi Al saffar National center of water Baghdad Managment
15 Ali Jasim Hussain Wassit Water Directorate Wassit
16 Arkan Maryoosh Hussain Wassit agriculture Directorate Wassit
17 Rasheed Eedan Fraieh Governor of Wassit deputy Wassit - 110 -
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18 Sabar Khalaf Humza Agriculture committee head Wassit
19 Manal Aziza UNDP/ National officer Baghdad
20 Munir hmood Dakheel BDS/facilitator Basrah
ANNEX 1-14 Study tour at IAM Bari for the delegation of the Iraqi delegation 18-25 July 2010
participants positions
1 Aun Dhyaib Abdullah, Head of Water resources management Center
2 Mr.Munadhel Fadhel Abbas Al-Mahdawi – Head of the SWRLI Department
3 Mr.Sadik Abdul Hassam Muhsir Al-Maliki Senior Engineer in MOWR
4 Mr.Laith AbdulSattar Jabbar Al-Rashid – PM of the DSS-workforce-MoWR
5 Mrs.Majda Ezaldin Muheyedin MoAg and WR-KRG
6 Mr.Shawket Sae’eb Jameel Al-Kadhmi – MoAg representative
7 Mr.Akeel Norri Muhsin Al-Hilfi MoPlanning and development cooperation Representative
8 Jafer Kathom Alwan, senior Engineer in Planning and following up department
9 Numa Imara Consultant
10 Ahmed Al Madhhachi Consultant
11 Furat Al Faraj Consultant
12 Paolo Mastrocola Consultant
13 Valentina Stigher Consultant
14 Rob Duys UNDP
15 John Carter UNDP
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PROGRAMME
DATE MORNING AFTERNOON 18 July Sunday Arrival to Bari 19 July Presentation of the activities of Land and Water DSS Egypt: approaches and policies by: department of IAMB by Lamaddalena Nicola : Nicola Lamaddalena and -Researches lines Enzo Puliatti ( IT-Synergy) -Training -Cooperation projects 20 July Applications on the DSS Egypt Presentation of results achieved in Syria on the project “Razionalization of Water Resources in Hassakeh - 1st phase” and the activities planned and scheduled for the 2d phases at national level 21 July Technical Visit to the Capitanata Water Users Association: technical and technological tools and management activities 22 July Assessment of IAMB assistance, to be developed under Departure from Bari the UNDP project, with the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources
ANNEX 1-15 Study tour in Kazakhstan 25 August – 01 September 2013
Name Governorate agency Position
1-AMAN FARHAN KHUDHAIR AL- Waist water Directorate in Director JASSANI Wasit Governorate
2-ARKAN MARYOOSH HUSSEIN Waist agriculture Directorate in Director DALBOOHI Wasit Governorate
3-SABBAR KHALAF HAMZA AL- Wasit Wasit Governor office Agriculture committee secratory OMAIRI
4-ISMAEL QASIM AHMED OHMAYED Thi-Qar water Directorate in Thi- director Qar Governorate
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5-OSAMAH HASHIM MUSA WITWIT Thi-Qar water Directorate in Thi- Marshland revitalization Qar Governorate Administration Manager
6-NASER MNATI FEAL AL-LAMI Misan agriculture Directorate director in Misan
7-MAJID KADHIM MOHAMED Misan Misan Governor office local water commitee MOHAMED secratory
8- HAMMADI HURAISH ZUAITER AL- Ministry of water Planning and follow up Expert JUBOORI resorces /Baghdad Directorate
9-Abdulridha saeed abdulridha Ministry of water Operation & maintinance Expert resorces /Baghdad of irrigation Projects Directorate
10- Manal Aziza UNDPIraq/Baghdad Climate Change ,energy National Project Officer and natural resourses managment Program
11- MAAN MOHAMMED HAMZAH UNDPIraq/Baghdad National Project Officer HAMZAH
Agenda
Day Time Subject Description Location 25.08.2013 02:45 Arrival to Astana city Arrival of people from Iraq Astana city
Saturday 04:00 Accommodation in a hotel Astana city, hotel Kazhol 213, Balkantau str. 04:00 – 13:00 Rest 13:00 – 14:30 Lunch break with CRM project Discussion of the mission Hotel Kazhol plan «Fergana» restaurant 15:00 – 18:00 Excursion around the city Astana city
Day Time Subject Description Location 26.08.2013 09:30 Transfer from Hotel to UNDP Hotel Kazhol Monday CO 10.00 -11.00 Meeting with UNDP Meeting at UNDP main UNDP main office
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leadership office Conference – hall 26, Bokeikhan str. 11.00 - 11.30 Transfer from UNDP CO to the Ministry House 11.30-12.30 Meeting with Adviser of Discussion of issues on Ministry of Minister of Environmental water resources Environmental Protection of RK management in Protection of RK, Meeting with Deputy Kazakhstan Orynbor street 8, Chairman of the Water entrance 1 Resources Committee of MEP 12:30 -13:00 Transfer from to hotel 13.00 -14.30 Lunch break Hotel Kazhol «Fergana» restaurant 14.30 -15.30 Departure for Arnasay village, Trip by car (50 km from Arshalyn district, Akmolinsk Astana city) region 15.30 -17.30 Meeting with “Akbota” NGO Learning about local Arnasay village initiatives on water and energy saving 17.30 -18.30 Coming back to Astana city 19.00 Official dinner «Satti» Restaurant
Day Time Subject Description Location
27.08.2013 09.00-10.40 Flight from Astana city Flight Air Astana # КС 622 Tuesday Flight to Almaty city 11.30-13.00 Accommodation in a hotel hotel Kazhol, Almaty Gogol st, 127/1 13.00-14.30 Lunch break 14.30 – 15.00 Transfer to Balkash-Alakol Basin Inspection (BABI) 15.00-17.00 Meeting with the Head of Discussion of issues on the BABI Office Balkash-Alakol Basin development of the Basin Inspection (BABI) Plan on Integrated Water Resources Management Meeting with an independent and Water Saving in expert on legal issues Balkash-Alakol Basin Iraq Water Sector – the way forward The water mapping of one
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of the pilot in UNDP project Discussion on legal issues concerning water resources management in Kazakhstan
Day Time Subject Description Location 28.08.2013 09:30 – 10.00 Transfer to REC Wednesda y 10.00 -11.00 Meeting with representatives Learning about the REC Office of the Regional Environmental activity of REC CAR Center for Central Asia 11.00 – 11.30 Transfer to GIZ 11.30-13.00 Meeting with representatives Learning about the GIZ Office of GIZ activity of GIZ 13.00-14.30 Lunch-break In the hotel 14.30 – 15.00 Transfer to IFASS
15.00-17.30 Meeting with the Director of Role of the Executive Office of IFASS EBin the Executive Board of the Board of IFASS in Kazakhstan International Fund for Aral Sea Kazakhstan Salvation (IFASS) in Kazakhstan
Iraq Water Sector – the way forward
The water mapping of one of the pilot in UNDP project
Day Time Subject Description Location 29.08.2013 08.00 Departure for Kapshagay city, Trip by car (60 km from Thursday Almaty region Almaty city) 09.00 -10.00 Meeting with the Head of the Discussion of issues on Office of the National Agro-industrial water distribution for Department for Company and the Head of the farms in Almaty region Agriculture Kapshagay Department for Agriculture of city
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Kapshagaycity 10.30 -11.00 Meeting with the Head of Learning about legal Kapshagay city “Kerbulakzher Su” SPKV documents of Rural Consumer Cooperative for Water Users 11.00-13.00 Trip to the field of Demonstration of new Kapshagay city “GalymAgroinnovation” LTD technologies on drip irrigation, rational water resources use 13.00-14.30 Lunch-break 14.30-17.00 Trip to the field of “Kanat” Demonstration of new Visit to an irrigation LTD and Trip to the field of technologies on drip site of “Kanat” LTD “Nuragro” LTD irrigation, rational water Visit to an irrigation resources use site of “Nuragro” LTD 17.00-18.00 Coming back to Almaty
Day Time Subject Description Location 30.08.2013 10.00 – 15.00 Excursion around the city Almaty city Saturday 15:00 – 18:00 Free time
Day Time Subject Description Location 31.08.2013 10:00 – 13:00 Meeting with Stanislav Kim Debrief meeting hotel Kazhol, Almaty Sunday - Head of Environment and Gogol st, 127/1 Energy Unit CO UNDP Free time Departure from Almaty city
Day Time Subject Description Location 1.09.2013 TBD Departure from Almaty city hotel Kazhol, Almaty Gogol st, 127/1
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ANNEX 1-16 Study tour in India (10-19 March 2013)
List of Participants
Name of Participants Governorates/ Institution District 1 HAMEED RASHEED KADHIM BAHIYA Babylon Water Resources dep. 2 HUSSEIN HASSOONI AHMED AHMED Babylon Agriculture dep. 3 KHUDHUR OBAYES KANOON OZ Babylon Government office 4 AHMED KADHUM ABDULLAH AL- Diwaneyah Water Resources dep. MOHAMMED 5 KADHIM IBADI ABDAN ALGABRI Diwaneyah Agriculture dep. 6 HASSAN ERHAYEM WALI Diwaneyah Governorate Council 7 MOHAMMED SAHIB HASAN TWAYEJ Muthanna Water Resources 8 AMERJABBAR OODA Muthanna Agriculture dep. 9 SHAKIR ABBAS ELLEWEE Muthanna Government office 10 HUSSAIN ABDUL AMEER BAKKA Baghdad Ministry of Water Resources 11 HASAN MAHDI SALEH AL- SAFFAR Baghdad Ministry of Water Resources 12 GIRMA BEKELE UNDP Iraq-Amman office Program Advisor 13 SAAD AL KADHIMI UNDP Iraq-Baghdad office
Study Tour Programme
Date Time Activity 10 March 2013 Arrival in Delhi from Baghdad Sunday Check in:
11 March 2013 10:00 am Meeting at Hotel lobby Monday 11:00 am-1:30 pm Visit UNDP India Presentation: The current status of Water Governance in India by UNDP India by Srinivasan UNDP India. Point of Discussion: 1) UNDP India’s plan to support water governance in India, 2) Process of building institutional and technical capacities and 3) community-based management systems
1:30-3:30 pm Lunch break 2:30-5:00 pm Meeting with India’s Planning Commission
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Presentation: Iraq’s Water Challenges by Girma Hailu, UNDP Iraq Planning Commission and Ministry officials to present on the current situation in India Point of Discussion: challenges and similarities in water sector development b/n. India and Iraq 6:00 pm Leave for Ahmedabad by flight 12 March 2013 In Gujarat Tuesday Early morning Meet with project officials
Brief Presentation: Participatory Irrigation Management in Gujarat By mid-morning Travel to field: Field study: Participatory Irrigation Management in Gujarat 13 March 2013 10:00 am Study tour continued (day2) Wednesday Meeting with project and state officials Point of Discussion: 1) How participatory approach has been introduced in the region and share experiences in conflict and its resolution/reform 2) learn their irrigation plan, allocation of water share and technologies utilized to improve the irrigation system
evening Travel to Hyderabad 14 March 2013 10:00 am Hyderabad Thursday Meeting with State officials Presentation: Irrigation System Reform Point of Discussion: Institutional and technical challenges to overcome obstacles; how irrigation system reform has been successfully designed and implemented 15 March 2013 Morning Flight Hyderabad to Delhi Friday Prayer In Delhi Afternoon: Iraqi delegation: internal discussions 16 &17 March Private Time 2013 Saturday 17 March 2013 10:00 am Private time Sunday Afternoon Internal meeting: discuss key lessons learned from the visit and how best to move forward in Iraq 18 March 2013 Afternoon Meeting with UNDP India Monday Point of Discussion: Debriefing and technical corporation between Iraq and India Way forward
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Evening UNDP Reception 19/20 March Return to Baghdad/Amman 2013
ANNEX 1-17 Basra workshop (visits tour lesson learned) on 29th October 2013
List of Participants
No Name Province position Institution 1 HAMEED RASHEED KADHIM Babylon Director Water Resources department BAHIYA in Babylon 2 HUSSEIN HASSOONI AHMED Babylon Director Agriculture directorate in AHMED Babylon 3 KHUDHUR OBAYES KANOON Babylon Engineer Government office in OZ Babylon 4 AHMED KADHUM Diwaneyah Director Water Resources department ABDULLAH AL-MOHAMMED in Diwaneyah 5 HASSAN ERHAYEM WALI Diwaneyah Local Water Committee Governor office secretory 6 MOHAMMED SAHIB HASAN Muthanna Director Water Resources department TWAYEJ in Muthanna 7 SHAKER ABBAS ELAUI Muthanna Governor assistant for energy Governor office affairs 8 AMMAN FARHAN KHUDHAIR Waist Director Water directorate in Wasit AL-JASSANI Governorate 9 HASAN NEAMAH LAFTA AL- Thi-Qar Director Agriculture directorate in Thi- RIKABI Qar Governorate 10 OSAMAH HASHIM MUSA Thi-Qar Marshland revitalization MOWR WITWIT Administration Manager 11 NASER MNATI FEAL AL-LAMI Misan Director Agriculture directorate in Misan 12 KHADHIM CHALLOOB Misan Director Water directorate in Misan MESHALI MESHALI
13 HAMMDI HURAISH ZUAITER Baghdad Expert Planning and follow up AL-JUBOORI Directorate/MOWR 14 ABDUL-RUTHA SAEED Baghdad Head of Operation & MoWR ABDULRUTHA Maintenance of Irrigation Projects Directorate 15 HASAN MAHDI SALEH AL- Baghdad MoWR MoWR SAFFAR Expert in National center of WR management
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16 SADIQ ABDUL HUSSAIN AL Baghdad Engineer Prime Minister Advisory MALIKI commission (PMAC) 17 MUNIR HMOOD DAKHEEL Thi-Qar Engineer Basrah development consultation company 18 SAAD AL KADIMI Baghdad Baghdad Office Manager UNDP 19 MANAL AZIZA Baghdad Project National Officer UNDP 20 MAAN AL MAREE Baghdad Project National Officer UNDP
ANNEX 1-18 Strategic Review: Water and Salinity Data, and Modelling Platform component of SWLRI to inform the UNDP capacity building program
Don Blackmore, Ray Evans and Geoff Podger 30 April 2013 Client: United Nations Development Programme, Iraq
Contact: Sudipto Mukerjee Commercial-in-confidence Contact details T (02) 6246 5851 E [email protected]
Important disclaimer The authors advise that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking prior expert professional, scientific and technical advice. To the extent permitted by law, the authors excludes all liability to any person for any consequences, including but not limited to all losses, damages, costs, expenses and any other compensation, arising directly or indirectly from using this publication (in part or in whole) and any information or material contained in it. Executive summary Iraq is facing serious water and salinity issues that will impact on all sectors of the Iraqi economy and environment. A “business as usual” approach will result in the continued degradation of the water supply and salinity situation. Climate change and upstream development is likely to make the situation worst. The Government of Iraq (GoI) has commissioned a major water data and modelling effort, Strategy for Water and Land Resources of Iraq (SWLRI), to inform its future management decisions. The GoI is also moving to establish a National Water Council (NWC) to consider this information together with other strategic information in order to pursue its mission of a national strategy to secure agreements with neighbouring states for equitable and reasonable shares of international waters; and a
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT national policy to protect and conserve water resources, manage salinity, and ensure the equitable distribution of water between governorates and its efficient utilisation between sectors. The GoI has requested the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP’s) assistance via two notes and verbal’s to provide support: 1. for Iraq to negotiate with riparian states & other relevant matters; and 2. to build a programme of capacity development for GoI to support water and salinity management within Iraq. To address these requests for assistance the UNDP has commissioned this independent review of the state of development of SWLRI. The review will be used to: 1. Understand the balance of effort needed to support riparian state negotiations and that required to reform Iraq’s water and salinity management strategies, and 2. Guide UNDP in its discussions on the nature and form of the capacity building programme required for Iraq. The purpose of this report is to inform the UNDP of the current state of knowledge (data and models) that are available to support Iraq’s water quantity and salinity future. This information will guide UNDP in designing a capacity building program to support the Government of Iraq (GoI) through this journey. This review is not a technical review of SWLRI against its contract obligations. This review is guided by a set of evaluation principles and is based on the, internationally peer reviewed, Guideline for water management modelling: towards best-practice model application (Black et al., 2011). The observations from this review have been grouped into five categories; high level, knowledge base, model capability, capacity building and informing future planning. These are discussed below. High level observations The following high level observations summarise the overall observations in the report: 1. There is an immediate need to reform water & salinity management in Iraq, while working in parallel towards cooperative management of the Tigris–Euphrates Basins. 2. Foundation knowledge of data & models is essential for the development of water & salinity (& agricultural development) management plans. 3. Multi-disciplinary & inter-agency engagement is essential to address Iraq’s water & salinity issues – NWC provides this forum. 4. A static “master planning” approach will be ineffective; a dynamic planning process informed by evolving models as data improves is required. 5. International “good practice” must guide capacity building on the design & management of major & complex water & salinity reforms. 6. The 10 month SWLRI timeframe insufficient to build Iraqi’s capacity to manage models & data bases independently & effectively; complex water & salinity situation understanding requires +/-3 year timeframe. Potential UNDP support. Knowledge base observations The following observations are made on the knowledge base: • There has been extensive work in gathering and collating data, which has created the most up to date database for the Tigris-Euphrates Basin.
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• While extensive data exists it is still not sufficient to fully understand how the system works, structured data acquisition will remain important. • Based on the available data (Euphrates) there is insufficient evidence to identify a trend in salinity at the border. Further hydro-statistical analysis would be useful to see if a trend is emerging. • The data indicates that there is urgency in dealing with Iraq’s water issues, specifically within its borders. Model capability observations The following observations are made on model capability: Rainfall-runoff models, which take into consideration demands and developments, have been reasonably calibrated for neighbouring countries and Iraq. Due to the lack of data in neighbouring countries only very simple conceptual models of salinity associated with irrigation development are appropriate. This is consistent with the approach suggested by the consultants. This will enable the consequences of upstream development to be assessed. There is an urgent need to get the planning model accepted and accredited (supported by an independent peer review) so that a benchmark can be established and agreed, as a point of reference to compare intervention options against. The planning model is almost at the stage where it can be run to compare against history and develop a benchmark scenario. The agro-economic production model is based on standard FAO methodologies and forms a sound basis for estimating productivity. The conceptual salinity model does not adequately describe the interaction between irrigation, groundwater and the long term storage of salt in the system. The planning model is designed for assessing development options from an agricultural productivity basis, when better data is available further refinement will be needed to address long term salinity management.
Capacity building observations The following observations are made on capacity building: The review confirms that a “whole” of Government approach is needed to deal with the scale of the water and salinity issues. The action taken by the GoI to establish a National Water Council will be pivotal in facilitating a coordinated approach. The SWLRI project contains specific capacity building requirements related to the databases and the maintenance and running of the various model components. This should be given high priority within the SWLRI project. The remaining 10 month project time frame is insufficient to build adequate capacity to ensure the effective transfer of knowledge, modelling and interpretation skills to all groups who need them. The engagement of the appropriate agencies in describing and assisting in the evaluation of scenarios is fundamental to support capacity building.
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Observations to inform future planning Countries who have tackled similar water and salinity issues at this scale have: Establish a sound knowledge base. Used modelling to inform options analysis. Have multi agency/sector teams involved (water, agriculture, economics etc) in scenario formulation and evaluation. Used the full range of policies, institutions, instruments and tools (works) in getting to solutions.
The following observations are made on future planning: The consultants have been working with government agencies to illicit their views on future works and measures to be included in the Master Plan. The conversion of the proposed individual works and measures into a coordinated package for assessment needs to be driven by multi-agency group from the GoI and not left solely to the project. To support the evolution of the Master Plan a rolling programme of policy development and option analysis supported by ongoing data and tool development is required. A static master planning process will not be effective.
1 Introduction 1.1 The Purpose The purpose of this report is to inform the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) of the current state of knowledge (data and models) that are available to support Iraq’s water quantity and salinity future. This information will guide UNDP in designing a capacity building program to support the Government of Iraq (GoI) through this journey. This review is independent of any contract relationship between the GoI and its consultants and the comments contained in this report are to be used solely for the purpose of determining the nature and shape of the UNDP capacity building program. 1.2 Background Iraq is facing serious water and salinity issues that will impact on all sectors of the Iraqi economy and environment. A “business as usual” approach will result in the continued degradation of the water supply and salinity situation. Climate change and upstream development is likely to make the situation worst. The GoI has commissioned a major water data and modelling project, Strategy for Water and Land Resources of Iraq (SWLRI) (http://project.swlri.net/SitePages/Home.aspx), to inform its future management decisions. The GoI is moving to establish a National Water Council (NWC) to consider this information together with other strategic information in order to pursue its mission below: “ adopt and implement: a national strategy to secure agreements with neighbouring states for equitable and reasonable shares of international waters; and a national policy to protect and conserve water resources, manage salinity, and ensure the equitable distribution of water between governorates and its efficient utilization between sectors." The GoI has requested UNDP’s assistance via two notes and verbal’s to provide support: 1. for Iraq to negotiate with riparian states & other relevant matters; and
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2. to build a programme of capacity development for GoI to support water and salinity management within Iraq. To address these requests for assistance the UNDP has commissioned this independent review of the state of development of SWLRI. The review will be used to: 1. Understand the balance of effort needed to support riparian state negotiations and that required to reform Iraq’s water and salinity management strategies, and 2. Guide UNDP in its discussions on the nature and form of the capacity building programme required for Iraq. 1.3 Evaluation principles The following evaluation principles have been used to guide this review: 1. The data should be sufficient to support the development of water quantity and salinity models for both neighbouring countries and Iraq. 2. The underlying models and assumptions (both quantity and salinity) should be transparent and defensible. 3. The planning model should be appropriate for the data available, calibrated and be able to show an acceptable mass balance and history match for both quantity and salinity. 4. Upstream current and potential future developments and interventions, and their associated impacts on cross border quantity and salinity should be able to be assessed with respect to the consequences within Iraq. 5. The consequences of Iraq’s current and potential future developments and interventions (works and policy) should be able to be assessed. 6. Capacity must exist within Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) to run and maintain the databases and tools developed in SWLRI. 7. Coordination mechanisms to support a whole of government response to water and salinity issues that have access to the full range of policy instruments and technical solutions should exist. 8. The research community should be engaged in providing advice and knowledge to support the SWLRI programme. These evaluation principles have been designed to inform UNDP on the capacity of Iraq to capitalise on the data, models and outputs provided by the SWLRI project. This review will inform the nature of the design of the United Nation’s (UN’s) capacity building programme required to support Iraq on its journey for water and salinity management in the Tigris-Euphrates Basin. 2 Review 2.1 Process The review process is as follows: 1. Review the documents and expected outcomes from SWLRI. 2. Review the progress reports on data availability and quality and the suite of models that have been developed particularly the water and salinity planning models. 3. Discuss the current state of collection, development and quality assurance of the data and models within the context of whether they are able to address the strategic questions facing Iraq. 4. Specific questions: 1. What is the spatial and temporal coverage of data and are there any data limitations?
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2. What is the state of model calibration? 3. How upstream country development is conceptualised and what is is its impact on water and salinity? 4. How have economics been incorporated in the models? 5. What management levers have been included in the models? 5. Other factors that impact on the models ability to “reasonably” reflect the current situation and to effectively evaluate future options against an agreed benchmark. 6. Discuss with officials from the GoI to understand any issues and comments they have on the current state of SWLRI. This review has used the internationally peer reviewed Guideline for water management modelling: towards best-practice model application (Black et al., 2011), from here on known as the BPM guide, as the underpinning basis for assuring the quality of models developed as part of the Strategy for Water and Land Resources of Iraq (SWLRI) project. A summary of the principles of the BMP guide are detailed in Appendix A. Only items relevant to this review and the current stage of the project have been taken into consideration. Aspects such as Project Management, Project Administration and Budgeting are outside of the scope of this review. The project is currently at a stage of model acceptance and accreditation and consequently some of the criteria for identifying preferred options are not relevant at the time of this review. The SWLRI project is 10 months from completion. At this stage of the project data gathering has largely been completed, system design and architecture has been completed and model implementation is at the calibration stage for water quantity. Further work is required for salinity calibration. It is expected that as part of the calibration process issues will arise that will affect both the methodology and conceptual model. The observations in this review focus on the information provided in the Strategic Study for Water and Land Resources in Iraq, confidential final interim report and seven appendices (MoWR 2013). 2.2 Data There has been an extensive effort in collecting data for the project. This data has been deposited in 17 databases containing: 1. Hydrogeological Data 2. Hydrological Data 3. River Cross Sections 4. Surface Water Quality Data 5. Lake and Marshlands Data 6. Hydraulic Structures 7. Climate Data 8. Agriculture Economic Data 9. Irrigation Project Data 10. Crop Data 11. Soil Data 12. Municipality and Industry usage Data 13. Trans-boundary Impairment Data
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14. International Legal Framework Data 15. Energy Data 16. Knowledge Base Dataset 17. ‘Opportunities’ Data This review makes no comment on the validity of the data contained within these databases. This review considers the databases from a best practice modelling (BPM) perspective and whether this data would support model development and a greater understanding of how the Tigris-Euphrates basin functions. The archiving architecture is well defined and is described in the main report and its appendices. There is a central database and records are kept on where data was sourced from i.e. metadata is associated with the data. It is unclear whether there are versioning or provenance systems. These systems will be important as the databases need to be updated after the project has been completed. All of the databases will support future data mining and the suite of models. Some data will be used in configuring model scenarios while other data will be directly linked to the models. The focus of the further sections is on the data that is directly linked to the models. 2.2.1 CLIMATE The climate database contains observed historical climatic data covering periods up to several decades. Information gathered is up to date (many stations have data up to the year 2009 and some have data until 2012), and the data is distributed across the Tigris-Euphrates basins, both within and outside of Iraq. The data in Turkey is denser than the rest of the basin. At a basin scale the information collected is sufficient for the calibration of simple models at a monthly time step. There is only limited data to support more complex models at a daily time step. 2.2.2 HYDROLOGIC The hydro-geological and hydrological databases contain observed historic groundwater levels, river levels, stage relationships and flows. These data are the most important source of information to support water resource planning and management. There is no surface water data coverage in Syria or Iran and some coverage in Turkey. Consequently most knowledge of what is happening in these countries will be based on observed data at the border. There is an appropriate network of flow gauges in Iraq. There are no time series observations of groundwater fluctuations. There has been some validation and cross checking undertaken on the compiled data. In some cases records with problems have been identified. The limited data for neighbouring countries constrains the complexity of the models that can be applied. For parts of Iraq the data in combination with cross-sectional information is sufficient to support 1-D hydraulic models. More broadly in Iraq there is sufficient information to support monthly mass balance models. However the data is insufficient to support more complex models. 2.2.3 SALINITY Groundwater salinity data has been reported for Iraq; though no time series data is available. The data has not been cited and comment about its appropriateness cannot be made. The surface water salinity database is confined to Iraq. There are no continuous salinity records, which instead are based on monthly discrete samples over decades at selected locations. These data are the most important source of information to support Iraq’s salinity management strategy.
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There is no surface water salinity data coverage in Syria or Iran and some coverage in Turkey. Consequently most knowledge of what is happening in these countries will be based on border gauges. 2.2.4 DEMAND DATA No data was available for water consumption outside of Iraq. Estimation of the water consumption was made using procedures based on FAO water consumption per capita and on water requirements calculations for irrigation. This was constrained by achieving a mass balance at the border. Iraq water consumption was estimated based on population data and official studies for projections for water use and water use efficiencies. Some water balance cross checking has been applied to this data. Crop and agro-economic information provided by the Ministry of Agriculture produced a sound set of information, which was augmented with information from FAO databases and technical papers to create a database of information. The agro-economic database contains crop market price, production cost, yield, calendar, coefficient and area information. It also contains information on fertiliser application and livestock by governorate. The irrigation projects data contains project information such as areas and water diversions. This information provides a foundation to determine irrigation water usage and crop production. 2.2.5 GAP FILLING Climate and soil information were gap filled using interpolation techniques, or with specific rapid survey campaigns such as reservoir water quality sampling. The methodology for gap filling is detailed in the reports. 2.2.6 STOCHASTIC RAINFALL GENERATION A Bartlett-Lewis formulation was used to describe the temporal variability of rainfall and a convective cell formulation was used to describe the spatial variability and correlation of rainfall fields. This approach was applied over two basins Tigris-Euphrates and Greater Zab basins and the Lesser Zab, Diyala and Adhaim basins. Given the sparse coverage of the rainfall data, shown by the correlation distances from kriging analysis, and that some of the data is monthly, the generation method seems more complex than the data warrants. Nonetheless, this provides an important source of information to explore rainfall variability and model uncertainty. There appears to be no adjustment of other climate variables such as evaporation and temperature as function of the stochastically generated rainfall. Correlations between monthly rainfall and rain days and potential evapo-transpiration could provide a way of stochastically generating potential evaporation from the stochastic rainfall data set. The authors note that rainfall will be the dominant process in modelling but also note that evaporation rates from storages can be a large component of the water balance i.e. when it is dry the evaporation is also high. 2.3 Quantity model The modelling environment is made up of a series of connected modules. There is insufficient information to comment on whether the relative importance of the different modules has been considered. Many assumptions are stated within the reporting material but these are difficult to find. The model development strategy is to build on models that existed prior to SWLRI. It is not clear, in the documentation provided, if an assessment of alternatives was required or undertaken. The modelling
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT platform is made up of a combination of readily available and bespoke models. The readily available models have a proven track record and include: • HEC-HMS: Rainfall-runoff model, used throughout the basin; • HEC-ResSim V3: Reservoir simulation of the Iraq delivery system; • HEC-RAS V4: 1-D flow hydraulics and salinity transport model of the main rivers (Tigris, Euphrates, Greater Zab, Lesser Zab, Adhaim, Diyala and MOD) in Iraq; • Basement V2.2: 2-D finite volume model used to model Mosul Dam break. • CE-QUAL-W2: 2-D storage and salinity models to study salinity stratification in Mosul, Dokan, Derbendikhan, Haditha, Hemrin and Adhaim reservoirs; • RMA-2: 2-D depth averaged finite element hydrodynamic numerical model that computes water surface elevations and horizontal velocity components in Lake Tharthar; • RMA-10: 2-D finite element model that simulates stratified flows based on the hydrodynamics conditions modelled using RMA-2. The bespoke groundwater and planning models have been built using the Powersim Studio 9 model framework. The Agro-Ecological Zoning (AEZ) models are based on FAO Land Evaluation methods (FAO, 1976). The suite of models is aligned with the project objectives. The dam break research is not relevant to resource planning and no further comment is made on this model. The complexity of the 2-D hydraulic models may not be warranted given the accuracy and scarcity of data. The rainfall runoff model HEC- HMS is potentially more complex than is warranted by the data particularly in neighbouring countries, however, reasonable results have been achieved. The planning model spatial and temporal resolution is commensurate with the available data. It is apparent from the documentation and discussions that water quantity calibration metrics and criteria have not been agreed for the models at this stage of the project. It will be important to the process of achieving model acceptance that these criteria are clearly defined and agreed. The Planning Model does not explicitly contain time series data for diversions or for drain flows. These are represented in the Planning Model as flow patterns and constant salinities. 2.3.1 GROUNDWATER Groundwater, and its interactions with the land surface, is simulated via a groundwater model. The groundwater system is conceptualised to interact with surface water via associated individual groundwater reservoirs by approximating the head difference between the two systems. Recharge is estimated by solving the water balance equation of inputs and outputs. This is achieved by factoring evapotranspiration (ET) to derive an effective ET (ETeff) and then factoring by an infiltration coefficient to partition between runoff and recharge. However, the current groundwater conceptualisation does not allow direct evaporation from shallow water tables under the Mesopotamian Plain. Outputs from the groundwater model are used to inform the surface water flow estimation routines within the Planning Model, though it is unclear of the explicitness of this process. Groundwater is not included in the conceptualisation of how irrigation projects operate within the Planning Model. In this case, the model environment assumes that there is no explicit interaction with groundwater; rather, that return flows are determined as a proportion of diverted flow using a
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT coefficient. This coefficient may be thought of as incorporating groundwater via the drainage system. However, as no salt is added during this factoring process (see later section) then conceptually, groundwater is not considered to be part of the process. Groundwater is assumed to be a factor in the process of rebalancing river reaches in the HEC-RAS simulation of river flow within Iraq. However, it is unknown how this assumption is applied, and at this stage, the HEC-RAS simulation does not explicitly constrain the water quantity simulation undertaken within the Planning Model. Interactions with groundwater are not considered within the conceptualisation for hydrologic processes outside of Iraq, except for some trans-boundary flow within the groundwater model. 2.4 Quantity model riparian countries Due to a lack of data the planning model does not extend outside of Iraq. The modelling of riparian countries is limited to HEC-HMS, which is largely calibrated to the border flows. The spatial extent has been defined and the temporal resolution is daily, which is aggregated to monthly for the planning model. Future scenarios have been considered but will be constrained by the lack of data in neighbouring countries. Development scenarios will be limited to changes in demand due to population growth or development of irrigation areas. Any storage development and associated operational rules would be difficult to consider with any certainty. Flood modelling would be out of scope of the model given the uncertainty propagated by poor temporal and spatial rainfall coverage. Checks have been made to ensure mass balance has been preserved. Although calibration criteria for these models were not documented, it was apparent from discussions with modellers that they had been using manual calibration to get the best match possible on a minimising monthly bias basis. This seems to align reasonably well with project objectives. In the authors opinion this process would be much more transparent if calibration criteria were documented and an optimiser was used to match an agreed objective function. There is no published information on data or model uncertainty. Parameter sensitivity or equifinality has not been explored at this stage of the project. The calibration period has not been placed within the context of the longer climate data set. These combined factors make it impossible to make any assessment of model over-fitting or the uncertainty in the model results. It is unclear if the models have been through an internal peer review process or cross-validated against other data or models. The models have not had an external peer review. These reviews will be essential to get model acceptance and accreditation. 2.5 Quantity model Iraq Water quantity within Iraq is modelled by a range of models. The focus of this review is on models associated with the planning model. The HEC-RAS model has been developed to model flow and salt in the main rivers on a daily basis. However the connection of this model with the planning model is unclear. The HEC-RAS model has been tested for a short period using observed inflows and diversions but has not been calibrated. Current results show that it over-estimates water quantity. The planning model covers the Tigris-Euphrates Basin in Iraq and operates on a monthly time step. The calibration of this model has been hampered by issues with observed diversion, and to lesser extent, flow data. No mass balance checks have been made on either model.
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The river flow simulation within the Planning Model is the primary place where the impacts of development on water flow are derived. The HEC-RAS model is a separate model that has an unspecified but weak link into the model platform. 2.5.1 GROUNDWATER The role of groundwater volumetric calculations within Iraq can be divided into two parts; firstly, those calculations related to deriving an estimate of available recharge for groundwater resource assessment, and secondly, as part of the overall water balance associated with simulating flow in the river systems. The former case is not seen as a major concern of this review as it does not explicitly a part of an evaluation of SWLRI’s ability to inform Iraq’s situation regarding water and salinity issues within the Tigris – Euphrates Basin. However, there are issues associated with the manner in which recharge is calculated and how sensitive the recharge estimates are to changes in key parameter values. The latter case above, however, raises some further issues. The reservoirs used in the discretisation of the groundwater system in Iraq are very large. This introduces a scale issue where a very large area is being represented by a single value for the groundwater level. This gross estimation of flux will carry a large degree of uncertainty, which itself has not been specified. 2.6 Salinity model There is a simple irrigation salinity model which is used to adjust observed salinities in neighbouring countries as well as irrigation in Iraq. The bulk of salinity modelling is subsequently constrained to the planning model that covers Iraq. It is not clear what the relationship with HEC-HMS and the generation of salt from boundary and internal catchments. There are no conceptual diagrams of the model and model assumptions are not clearly stated within the reporting material. This model suite was specifically built for this project and has no track record. The model aligns with the project objectives but may not contain sufficient functionality to consider impacts from irrigation. The complexity of the planning model is commensurate with the available data. The salt mass in the Tigris – Euphrates River system is conserved within the Planning Model. This means that the mass of salt in the river system as it is input to Iraq remains constant throughout any simulation. The starting salinity for the model is that crossing the border in 2010. Salinity for the main river systems is derived in the Planning Model, where a simple salt mass balance is enacted for each reach. Salt is added/abstracted to/from the river system by diversions, drainage return or fluxes to and from groundwater. The salinity impact from actions outside of Iraq is derived from a conceptual model of irrigation processes that is similar to that adopted within Iraq. This simply conserves salt mass that is input as diverted water salinity. The concentration of this water increases as water is removed from the system due to plant water use. There is no consideration of deep drainage and its impacts on surface water- groundwater interactions. As well, there is no consideration of the interaction between sub-surface drainage and salinity impacts. The Agro-ecological Model is used to derive estimates of demand for different crop types and to estimate the reduction in yield to modifying factors. However, the Model does not include a link to shallow water tables as a modifying factor, neither in terms of depth to watertable or of the salinity of the shallow watertable. 2.6.1 GROUNDWATER
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The Groundwater Model conceptualises the flux of salinity to the surface water system as the average salinity value for each reservoir multiplied by the groundwater flux. This derived salt flux estimate is available for inclusion in the salinity component of the Planning Model. The Planning Model does not include any interactions with the groundwater system other than the values of salt flux derived from the Groundwater Model. That is, there is no interaction with groundwater within the conceptual model of how irrigation projects operate. The Main Outfall Drain (MOD) is simulated in the Planning Model as a series of discrete reaches where observed data is used to generate a salinity response (incorporating flow). Drainage inputs are incorporated as point source constant inputs, with the observed salinity distribution simply calibrated by balancing with an assumed groundwater input required to match observed to modelled values. 2.7 Salinity model riparian countries No salinity impacts have been derived from the Planning Model at this stage. 2.8 Salinity model Iraq The Planning Model has not produced a simulation of river salinity within Iraq, and therefore, no calibration or history match is available. As a consequence, there are no simulations of salinity impact available. The HEC-RAS model simulates salinity and has been tested for a period from January 2010 to September 2011. No calibration statistics are available, and neither is a history match. The model underestimates salinity in the river system over that period. The large size of the reservoirs representing the Mesopotamian Plain region in the Groundwater Model, and the use of average groundwater salinity for each reservoir, means that there is a high level of uncertainty in those estimated fluxes. 3 Observations The observations from this review have been grouped into four categories; knowledge base, model capability, capacity building and informing future planning. These are discussed below. 3.1 Knowledge base observations The following observations are made on the knowledge base: • There has been extensive work in gathering and collating data, which has created the most up to date database for the Tigris-Euphrates Basin. • While extensive data exists it is still not sufficient to fully understand how the system works, structured data acquisition will remain important. • Based on the available data (Euphrates) there is insufficient evidence to identify a trend in salinity at the border. Further hydro-statistical analysis would be useful to see if a trend is emerging. • The data indicates that there is urgency in dealing with Iraq’s water issues, specifically within its borders. 3.2 Model capability observations The following observations are made on model capability: Rainfall-runoff models, which take into consideration demands and developments, have been reasonably calibrated for neighbouring countries and Iraq. Due to the lack of data in neighbouring countries only very simple conceptual models of salinity associated with irrigation development are appropriate. This is consistent with the approach
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suggested by the consultants. This will enable the consequences of upstream development to be assessed. There is an urgent need to get the planning model accepted and accredited (supported by an independent peer review) so that a benchmark can be established and agreed, as a point of reference to compare intervention options against. The planning model is almost at the stage where it can be run to compare against history and develop a benchmark scenario. The agro-economic production model is based on standard FAO methodologies and forms a sound basis for estimating productivity. The conceptual salinity model does not adequately describe the interaction between irrigation, groundwater and the long term storage of salt in the system. The planning model is designed for assessing development options from an agricultural productivity basis, after the project, when better data is available further refinement will be needed to address long term salinity management. 3.3 Capacity building observations The following observations are made on capacity building: The review confirms that a “whole” of Government approach is needed to deal with the scale of the water and salinity issues. The action taken by the GoI to establish a National Water Council will be pivotal in facilitating a coordinated approach. The SWLRI project contains specific capacity building requirements related to the databases and the maintenance and running of the various model components. This should be given high priority within the SWLRI project. The remaining 10 month project time frame is insufficient to build adequate capacity to ensure the effective transfer of knowledge, modelling and interpretation skills to all groups who need them. The engagement of the appropriate agencies in describing and assisting in the evaluation of scenarios is fundamental to support capacity building. Further comment on a capacity building strategy for Iraq is included in Appendix B. 3.4 Observations to inform future planning Countries who have tackled similar water and salinity issues at this scale have: • Establish a sound knowledge base. • Used modelling to inform options analysis. • Have multi agency/sector teams involved (water, agriculture, economics etc) in scenario formulation and evaluation. • Used the full range of policies, institutions, instruments and tools (works) in getting to solutions. The following observations are made on future planning: • The consultants have been working with government agencies to illicit their views on future works and measures to be included in the Master Plan. • The conversion of the proposed individual works and measures into a coordinated package for assessment needs to be driven by multi-agency group from the GoI and not left solely to the project.
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• To support the evolution of the Master Plan a rolling programme of policy development and option analysis supported by ongoing data and tool development is required. A static master planning process will not be effective. 3.4.1 SUPPORTING THE EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF WATER AND SALINITY IN THE FUTURE There are a number of ways to consider how to plan for effective management of water and salinity into the future. Water will be a limiting factor and salinity will be a continuing threat. The key question is how these should be considered together. Conventional planning usually looks at these two issues through the lens of agricultural production i.e. how to best utilise the available land, water and climate to maximise production with salinity as a constraint. SWLRI follows this approach by modelling all of the factors that affect production i.e. climate, soil, water quality etc. and including these in the planning model. Salinity is included as an input in the form of the irrigation supply salinity and as an output as the amount of salt that leaves as return flow. This approach will be effective in determining the relative priority between different new and rehabilitation projects. It could be enhanced in work after SWLRI by also driving development (including rehabilitation) though the lens of a salinity and drainage management plan. This would consider how salinity is managed in all of its aspects; what mobilises it, how to separate it from the surface water system, how to effectively manage it within the agricultural zone and where to ultimately store it i.e. in the sea, in evaporation basins, in soils etc. An example of such an approach is the Murray Darling Basin’s Salinity and Drainage Strategy (MDBC, 1999). The added value of this approach is that it recognises that salinity will be a limiting factor on production and that its effective management is fundamental to any sustainable development plan. It puts salinity on the same footing as water, an issue that must be effectively managed though the entire life cycle (i.e. storage, transport, delivery and use). Salt should be actively managed in the same way. There appears to be insufficient data available at the moment to effectively develop such a strategy but consideration should be given to it including it in work after SWLRI. 4 High level observations The following high level observations summarise the overall observations in the report: 1. There is an immediate need to reform water & salinity management in Iraq, while working in parallel towards cooperative management of the Tigris–Euphrates Basins. 2. Foundation knowledge of data & models is essential for the development of water & salinity (& agricultural development) management plans. 3. Multi-disciplinary & inter-agency engagement is essential to address Iraq’s water & salinity issues – NWC provides this forum. 4. A static “master planning” approach will be ineffective; a dynamic planning process informed by evolving models as data improves is required. 5. International “good practice” must guide capacity building on the design & management of major & complex water & salinity reforms.
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6. The 10 month SWLRI timeframe insufficient to build Iraqi’s capacity to manage models & data bases independently & effectively; complex water & salinity situation understanding requires +/-3 year timeframe. Potential UNDP support.
Appendix A Best Practice Modelling Check List The best practice modelling guidelines (Black et al., 2011) have been used to develop the checklist detailed in Table A.1. Table A.1 PROJECT ADMIN Project governance Project director Project manager Steering committee Project Management Project control plan Defined milestones and deliverables Performance metrics defined Risk control plan Decision register established Resourcing, time frames and budget Considered Peer review Internal plan External plan Stakeholder consultation Problem defined and agreed Methodology defined and agreed Scenarios defined and agreed Communication Project objectives understood Common understanding on what will be delivered Communication strategy Documentation Conceptual model diagram/report/chart/map Methods report Data report Model calibration report(s) Scenario analysis report(s) Archiving Archiving architecture defined and agreed Provenance system Central database
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Versioning system PROBLEM DEFINITION Problem statement Discussed internally Discussed with stakeholders Is a model required? Model choice considered Objectives Objectives agreed internally Objectives agreed with stakeholders Is there an objective hierarchy required? Problem domain Disciplines identified Community acceptance considered System definition System components/modules identified System behaviour understood Interactions understood Temporal scale related to data considered Spatial data related to data considered Data analysis undertaken Use of prior knowledge Conceptual model Relative importance of components considered Functional relationships considered Assumptions clearly stated Stakeholder agreement Alternatives assessed and documented Model soundness considered Does the model have a track record? Conceptual model meets project objectives Model complexity and parsimony is considered with respect to data Metrics and criteria Have been defined and agreed Match the project objectives Local and international standards considered Analysis periods have been defined and agreed Decision variables Clearly defined and agreed Uncertainty and risk Uncertainty considered at problem definition Uncertainty considered at option modelling
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Designed to support risk assessment Preliminary assessment Expected model outcomes clearly defined OPTION MODELLING Methodology and models Methodology defined and agreed Measures and stats defined and agreed Objective function(s) defined Acceptance level defined and agreed Period of calibration is representative of longer period Have extremes been considered? Gather and clean up data Gap filling method defined Statistical characteristics of data are preserved Stochastic data generation method defined Has non-stationary in data been considered? Have data step changes been considered? Set up model Spatial and temporal extents identified Parameter defaults and bounds identified Future scenarios considered Constraints taken into consideration Calibrate model Preliminary idea of expected results Understanding of calibration site data uncertainty Greatest weight to most reliable data Calibration period considers representation of longer term period Has equifinality been considered? Is mass balance preserved? Has the objective function been defined? Manual/optimised/both calibration procedure defined Check that the global optimum has been reach Is a staged approach to calibration required? Independent review of calibration parameters and results Validate model Method split sample/proxy basin/differential split/differential proxy Has over fitting been considered: calibration/validation ratio Cross-validation considered Knowledge of how data is informing the model Limits of model validity have been identified Sensitivity/uncertainty analysis Parameter sensitivity has been explored
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Parameter dependence has been identified Data sensitivity has been considered Type and nature of uncertainty has been identified Priority of uncertainty with respect to decision making considered Have model uncertainty estimates been provided? Model acceptance/accreditation Fit for purpose Peer review internally Peer review externally Agreement between modeller and stakeholders Find and test/explore options Stakeholder scenario workshops Initial identification of options of key interest Uncertainty implications of pushing the model outside of calibration considered Model results independently reviewed Report and communicate results Reports Stakeholder briefings/workshops IDENTIFY PREFERRED OPTION
Selection techniques Expert opinion/Optimisation/MCA defined Performance criteria Defined and agreed MCA weightings defined and agreed Finding the 'best' option Pareto surfaces Feed back and refinement of options Report and communicate results Reports Stakeholder briefings/workshops Appendix B A capacity building strategy for Iraq B.1 Project Goal A strong and effective Iraqi institutional framework with the capacity to ensure effective management of water resources at local, national and international levels, thus sustaining lives, livelihoods and the environment for future generations. B.2 Project Objectives The overall project objective is to ensure strong and expert support to the establishment, functioning, deliberations and actions of the National Water Council, including its subsidiary organs and member institutions. Project sub-objectives include:
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• The establishment of a strong NWC Secretariat, equipped with the authority, skills, tools and resources needed to serve, inform and advise the NWC, and to coordinate inter-ministerial inputs to the NWC. • Capacity building within: – the Ministry of Water Resources, including retention and expansion of skills and knowledge gained in recent/ongoing modelling, strategy and planning activities (e.g. SWLRI), to ensure state-of-the- art information, analysis and action; – the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to facilitate reaching principled agreements with riparian partners, with the coordinated support of relevant ministries; – Other relevant institutions (e.g. Ministries of Agriculture, Environment, Electricity, Municipalities & Public Works, and Planning; National Security Council; Parliament; KRG) to facilitate effective contributions to the NWC, including the development of essential water-related sector reforms and plans. – Iraq’s research and academic institutions to build national centres of excellence in water resources teaching and research, promoting partnerships with regional and global water resources institutions (e.g. ICARDA, ICBA, IWMI, SIWI); • The progressive development of a ‘whole-of-government’ agenda of reforms, plans and actions that seeks to achieve: – national outcomes, potentially including: efficient domestic intra-sectoral water use and inter- sectoral water allocation, balancing irrigation, urban and industrial and environmental needs; defined water rights for all water users; annual allocations within the water rights regime to all sectors; and salinity control; – International outcomes, potentially including: reasonable and equitable water allocations; notification of developments and impacts; shared management of Basin-wide risk (ie drought, flood, climate change) including pollution, especially salinity; possibly shared assets (e.g. storage), with agreed operating rules; and ‘beyond the river’ outcomes involving baskets of shared benefits. B.3 Project Components B.3.1 SUPPORT FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL WATER COUNCIL AND ITS SECRETARIAT PREPARATORY (SHORT-TERM) 1. Recruitment of Iraqi Senior Advisor by UNDP to facilitate NWC establishment, working with the PM’s Office, Parliament and key Ministries. The role, time-scale and location of this key position will be flexible, depending on progress of NWC establishment. Selection of the Advisor will be made in consultation with PM’s Office (considering the possibility of the Advisor moving into the NWC Secretary General’s position when created). Temporary location could be within PM’s Office (ideally), PM’s Advisory Commission or UNDP’s Baghdad office. 2. UNDP recruitment (by Senior Advisor) of Iraqi team comprising 3 technical advisors (hydrological, legal and economic) and a staff assistant. Similar flexible status to above, ie potential transition to NWC Secretariat when established. AFTER NWC ESTABLISHMENT 1. Support recruitment of staff for NWC Secretariat (Secretary-General and technical staff for permanent secretariat, potentially through transfer of short-term staff, above).
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2. Short-term assistance for establishing offices of NWC (services, technology/ equipment). 3. High-level study tour(s) to examine similar challenges and potential solutions. 4. Capacity building: short-and long-term training courses, seminars, workshops, exchange/twinning visits, technical/scientific partnerships, etc.. 5. TA: long-term hydrological, legal, economic, communications expertise. 6. Support to communication/advocacy programmes. B.3.2 CAPACITY BUILDING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS 1. Long-term TA on international water law and negotiations 2. Review of international law, relevant examples and the E-T treaty regime. 3. Training/seminars/workshops on international water law, negotiation skills and other relevant topics, case studies (study tours, exchange visits) 4. Scholarships (e.g. postgraduate international water law courses) 5. English language training B.3.3 CAPACITY BUILDING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES 1. Establish a Modelling Centre of Excellence (incorporating SWLRI staff, tools, results) 2. Specification and provision of facilities/technology/other equipment 3. Long-term TA on: 4. water resources modelling and analysis 5. national water reform/water rights/allocation regimes 6. salinity management 7. Training courses, scholarships, study tours/exchange visits B.3.4 CAPACITY BUILDING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR OTHER RELEVANT GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS 1. TA (on request) to Parliamentary Committee on Water and Agriculture 2. TA (on request) to National Security Council (Office of National Security Advisor) to enhance capacity to assess and develop appropriate water components of national security policy 3. Capacity building and TA to related Ministries, to enhance their contributions to the deliberations of, and the actions required by, the NWC. B.3.5 SUPPORT TO SELECTED IRAQI UNIVERSITIES (LONG TERM CAPACITY BUILDING) 1. Establish UN-sponsored Chair in Water Resources 2. Visiting Academic program (exchange visits) 3. Support to international E-T knowledge networks (with riparian, regional and international knowledge institutions) 4. Curriculum Development (undergraduate and postgraduate) Workshop attendees Reviewers Don Blackmore, Ray Evans and Geoff Podger UNDP Sudipto Mukerjee, Girma Bekele and Seiichi Sasaki Consultants
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Augusto Pretner, Paolo Polo, Paolo Mastrocola, Paolo Benetazzo, Sami Ouechtati, Andrea Cattarossi, Tina Cydzik and Cristian Panelli. Iraq government Alla Turki Khudhair, Mundhil Fadhl Abbas Al-Mahdawi, Nezar Kadhim Neamah, Safaa Noori Hamad, Ali Hashem Kataa, Aun Dhyaib Abdullah, Ali Mohammed Jawad and Abdul-llah Y. Taha Acronyms AEZ Agro Ecological Zoning BPM Best Practice Modelling ET Evapotranspiration FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GoI Government of Iraq HEC Hydrologic Engineering Centre (of the USACE) HEC-HMS HEC Hydrological Modelling System HEC-RAS HEC River Analysis System HEC-ResSim HEC Reservoir Simulation Model ICARDA International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas IWMI International Water Management Institute MDBC Murray-Darling Basin Commission MOD Main Outfall Drain MoWR Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources NWC National Water Council PM Prime Minister SIWI Stockholm International Water Institute SWLRI Strategy for Water and Land Resources of Iraq TA Travel Allowance UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme References Black D, Wallbrink P, Jordan P, Water D, Caroll C and Blackmore J (2011) Guidelines for water management modelling: Towards best-practice model application, eWater Cooperative Research Centre, Canberra, Australia, < http://www.ewater.com.au/publications/guidelines-for-water-management- modelling/ >. MDBC (1999) Salinity and Drainage Strategy, Murray-Darling Basin Commission, Canberra, Australia
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ANNEX 2-1 Term of References: CTA and National Advisor Posts
I. Post information
Position: Program Adviser, Climate Change, Energy and Natural Resources Management Level P5 Contract Type: Fixed Term Appointment Duration: One Year Duty Station: Amman (with Regular Missions to Baghdad and locations within Iraq) II .Organizational context:
There are many indications that climate change will have a severe impact on Iraq. Challenges will include reduced quality and quantity of water, desertification, loss of biodiversity, pollution, increased GHG emissions, and so forth.
Iraq has been experiencing severe droughts and increasing desertification in the last few years. Implications of water insecurity include reducing agricultural production, shortage of hydropower and other industrial uses, pervasive desertification, dust storms, loss of biodiversity (especially in the Marshlands), and the spread of waterborne diseases with the high possibility of leading to disturbing social cohesion and stability. Iraq, as a lower riparian country and thus receiving more than 85% from its water from the outside of the country is furthermore is challenged to explore diverse ways to interact with its neighbors who equally have made increasing demands on the water resources.
UNDP Iraq has been engaging with the GoI on a number of initiatives to strengthen water resource management, domestic water use, pollution and environmental management in the Marshlands.
In Iraq furthermore, some 600 million cubic feet of natural gas is flared off every day, without any technologies in place for its capture as a source of energy. Iraq is the fourth-worst offender in the world in this regard and consequently contributes to the depreciation of the country’s own environment and to the overall climate change. As one of the first steps in committing to become a responsible member of the international community on climate change, Iraq ratified the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in October 2009. UNDP therefore intends to address in partnership with the GoI the need to strengthen public management systems to ensure that they are adaptive, responsive, and effective in implementing complex inclusive climate-resilient and low carbon intensity measures.
UNDP Iraq has gained much experience within the electricity and energy sector dating from even before 2003. As such capacity building and training went hand in hand with the reconstruction of the energy utilities and power grid of Iraq. It is estimated that at least 230 MW were added to the power grid solely through UNDP’s efforts. As a result the Ministry of Electricity regards UNDP Iraq highly as a trusted partner who is able to deliver and with whom new areas can be explored.
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In addition, Iraq faces serious challenges in coping with natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and landslides. With the exception of some preparedness training conducted by the Iraq Red Crescent Society, non-governmental agencies and the civil defense, risks from hazardous episodes receive scant or no attention. At the central government, several institutions created to respond to disaster do not work in synchronization.
These four areas, namely Climate Change, Energy, Water, and Disaster Risk Reduction, are the current focus of the Climate Change, Energy and Natural Resource Management (CCE & NRM) sub-cluster within Economic Recovery and Crisis Prevention (ERPA) Pillar of UNDP Iraq.
Energy and environment is a core practice area for UNDP with dedicated support structures in New York, Stockholm, Bratislava, Cairo and Nairobi., Also the United Nations Development Assistance Framework for Iraq 2010 – 2014 has reserved one outcome for this subject.
ERPA, established during the CO reorganization in September 2009, has four sub-clusters. These were created to achieve increased synergy and coherence between the various initiatives and programmes to advance UNDP’s strategic position in Iraq and to improve responsiveness to emerging national and UNCT priorities. The four sub-clusters are:
• Climate Change, Energy and Natural Resources Management • Inclusive Growth and Private Sector Development • Area-based Development and Local Service Delivery • Post-Conflict Recovery and Mine Action The sub-clusters are provided with further programmatic, communication and operational support from the Policy, Strategic Programming and MDG Unit that works horizontally across the Pillar to ensure systematic and effective functioning of the Pillar.
The Programme Advisor will work on the further expansion of the Climate Change, Energy and Natural Resources Management sub-cluster; will report directly to the Head of ERPA; and is expected to provide policy and strategic support. S/he will also advise the ERPA senior management team consisting of the Head of ERPA and Programme Advisors collectively working towards the following objectives:
Contribute to the sector policy development relevant to ERPA- defined practice areas to contribute to the achievement of national objectives; Ensure effective internal coordination within each sub-cluster and across ERPA Pillar to achieve better synergies in addressing UNDP Country Office priorities. Ensure optimal coordination with donors and effective utilization of resource mobilization tools to strengthen partnerships and attract resources Ensure ‘rights-based’ programming of resources; and Facilitate Results-Based Management (RBM) and reporting.
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The incumbent of this specific post (Programme Advisors) is also expected to provide top quality technical advisory services to the Government counterparts, including the Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Electricity, as well as others.
III: Functions, Key results expected
General Duties:
Under direct supervision of the Head of ERPA, the Programme Advisor will be required to provide leadership and coordinate the sub-cluster's activities. Additionally, he/she will:
Manage the sub-cluster team, consisting of project advisors and officers, technical and programme specialists and support staff Prepare project proposals for the Climate Change, Energy and Natural Resource Management sub cluster, including strategies to build partnerships and mobilize resources. Prepare a resource mobilization plan for the project proposals. Prepare proposals for procedures to ensure that the sub-cluster’s overall technical direction is maintained and flexibly adapted to meet the challenges experienced during implementation of the programmes and projects under the sub-cluster, remaining responsive to opportunities and promptly addressing externalities; Develop the sub-cluster’s mandate outlining its key practice areas. Draft sub-cluster strategy/ position papers and prepare presentations in line with the developed mandate • to present to a variety of audiences. Propose ways to incorporate and apply HRB/ RBM/ MDGs approaches as well as addressing cross cutting themes (i.e., human rights, gender mainstreaming) in all sub-cluster plans and programming exercises. Engage as the primary interlocutor between the ERPA Pillar and the Government of Iraq counterpart officials and institutions (public and private) partnering on Climate Change, Energy and Natural Resource Management on the programmes being prepared Provide technical expertise for his/her area of competence as and when required Coordinate and work with the other sub-cluster programme advisors to ensure complementarities/harmonization with the activities and plans of the other sub-clusters. Coordinate and build partnerships with UNCT members, for the enhancement of technical strength and programmatic synergies in the area of Climate Change, Energy and Natural Resource Management. Initiate with UNDP Iraq senior management the mainstreaming of environment in the UNDP Iraq country programme. Propose a plan for the overall monitoring and evaluation of all programmes/projects in the sub- cluster portfolio and reporting on progress to the ERPA Pillar management team. Chair the UN Country Team UNDAF Priority Working Group on Environment, jointly with the FAO representative;
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Specific Duties and Responsibilities:
Within the context of working in support of the strategies and values as set forth in the UNDP corporate policies, with full commitment and engagement in the realization of the UN Millennium Development Goals, the Senior Technical Advisor will prepare a management plan for the sub-cluster,. He/she will undertake the following duties and responsibilities:
Provision of technical advisory services
Provide advice to Ministry of Environment, Ministry of State for the Marshlands, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Electricity and other relevant Government institutions with focus on the establishment of policies, plans, frameworks, mechanisms in relation to climate change, efficient use/management of energy, disaster risk reduction, and natural resource management in function of the project concepts in preparation.
Establishment Overall Management Systems and Structures
Set up the management plan that will guide the work of the sub-cluster team (set up of programme advisors, technical and programme specialists and support staff) Review sub-clusters' portfolio projects and suggest necessary programmatic changes/ amendments to reflect HRB/ RBM/ MDGs approaches in addition to ensuring the proper incorporation of cross cutting themes (i.e. environment, employment, human rights, gender mainstreaming). Further finalize the new initiatives and programmes in the areas of Climate Change, Energy and Natural Resource Management Prepare sub-cluster work-plans, ensuring complementarities and coordination with other sub- clusters and present work plans to the management team. Ensure timely and well-sequenced execution of approved work plans and programmes. Advise on staffing requirements and administer recruitment processes in collaboration with the ERPA Programme Support Unit (PSU). Prepare staffing tables, job descriptions for advertisement and ensure effective and consistent administrative and operational support to the Head of ERPA. Participate as required on staff recruitment and consultancy procurement panels; Represent the sub-cluster at all meetings with the ERPA senior management team as well as with donor coordination meetings related to the sub-cluster thematic areas. Coordinating across the Pillar to develop joint programmes and seeking technical and programmatic partnerships from other sub-clusters. In line with the former; to actively participate in regular Pillar programmatic and management meetings. Advise the ERPA senior management team regarding deliverables as well as constraints on implementation of the sub-cluster work plans, and seek support from the other sub-clusters team leaders and Head of ERPA to resolve obstacles and bottlenecks;
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Monitoring and Evaluation
Establish the oversight of progress made towards achieving all outputs and outcomes as stated in the sub-cluster work plan. Work with Programme Management Support Unit to develop M&E plans and implement them Establish maintenance of risks and issues logs of each programme/project within the sub- cluster, manage and mitigate the risks and issues appropriately, and raise them to senior management as required Prepare progress tracking indicators in consultation with the PMSU.
Communications and Reporting
In close cooperation with the Communications and reporting unit, the team leader will be responsible for the following: Prepare a plan that regular reporting is provided to the Environment PWG, donors, Government stakeholders and UN counterparts, that satisfy the need for informative, clear and transparent reporting that places on record all significant events, progress and outstanding issues, and that monitors the drawdown of the Programme’s resources. Regularly update the Pillar events calendar for information sharing purposes within the sub- cluster and the Pillar as a whole. And ensure the regular updating of information and files on the shared drive. Coordinate with the Pillar strategic programming cell on resource mobilization through identifying projects which donors can potentially be interested in funding, and subsequently through developing Project Concept Notes. Support advocacy efforts directed to donors to fund Pillar sector priority activities Development and maintenance of strategic partnerships and support to resource mobilization, Identification of possibilities for joint programming.
IV. Impact of Result:
The impact of result will be A climate Change ,Energy and Natural Resource Management Program Portfolio is further developed,that is responding to the expressed needs of the Government of Iraq, and is in line with the Iraq United Nation Development Assistance Framework; The financing of the Program, through dialogue,exchange and negotiation with development partners and the Government of Iraq; An integrated organization of the sub cluster program portfolio with the UNDP Iraq program and other related UNCT programmes; An efficient and effective Sub cluster program team that responds to the programme requirements on a timely basis V. Competencies and critical success factors:
Corporate Competencies:
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• Organizational Awareness • Developing and Empowering People / Coaching and Mentoring • Working in Teams • Communicating Information and Ideas • Self-management and Emotional Intelligence • Conflict Management / Negotiating and Resolving Disagreements • Knowledge Sharing / Continuous Learning • Appropriate and Transparent Decision Making Functional Competencies:
• Advocacy / Advancing Policy Oriented Agenda • Results-based Programme Development and Management • Building Strategic Partnership • Resource Mobilization • Promoting Organizational Learning and Knowledge Sharing • Job Knowledge and Technical Expertise • Organizational Leadership and Direction • Global Leadership and Advocacy for UNDP’s Goals • Conceptual Innovation in the Provision of Technical Expertise • Adaptation and Application of Knowledge / Innovations in Different Contexts • Promoting Organizational Change and Development • Client Orientation • Strategic planning, ability to think on one’s feet, identify entry points for targeted interventions for maximum benefit and leveraging of Programme resources; • Ability to manage multi-disciplinary team • Diplomatic communication skills, mature judgment and ability to lead a team effort harmoniously; • Ability to prioritize of work activities to meet organizational goals and organize and oversee work processes efficiently to achieve quality results. • Remote management. VI .Recruitment Qualifications:
Education: Advanced Degree or equivalent in management, natural resource management, social science or related field. Experience: Minimum 10 years of experience in any area of the following: natural resource management, energy, environment, agriculture or climate change, preferably working in post conflict or conflict countries. Proven experience in senior management positions for at least 5 years. Proven ability to direct multi-disciplinary teams in a multilateral work environment.
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Track record with of successful programme management preferably with 7 years minimum within the UN, WB or international donor community. Experience with and knowledge of UNDP policies and procedures is a must. Experience with UN or international organization working in Iraq would be an advantage. Experience in usage of computers, office software packages (MSWord, Excel, Power point, Internet). Technical skills required: Knowledge of strategic planning processes, programming; Knowledge of fund raising, project and programme document drafting; Language Requirements: Articulate proficiency and command of the English language, both written and oral. Knowledge of Arabic language would be a strong asset. Previous UN Experience: UNDP experience is preferred Other requirements: Possessing of the appropriate degree of experience and maturity, with the corresponding communication skills so as to effectively interact with Ministers, Ambassadors, senior UN officials and stakeholders. Willingness to undertake regular field visits and interact with different stakeholders in Iraq is a must. Ability to maintain managerial and operational goals in a fluid environment. Female candidates are encouraged to apply. Knowledge of Prince2 and other Results Based Management software would be an asset. Knowledge of PeopleSoft software (ATLAS) is also an asset.
I. Post information
Organizational Unit: United Nations Development Programme Duty Station: Baghdad / Iraq Post Title: National Advisor Transport and Environment Sector Post Level: SB-5 Type of contract: Service Contract Duration of Contract: one year
II. Organizational Context:
Under the overall authority of UNDP Iraq Country Director and under the direct supervision of the Head of Economic Recovery and Poverty Alleviation Cluster, the following four sub-clusters have been established in order to meet emerging priority areas of development cooperation:
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1) Climate Change, Energy and Natural Resource Management Sub-Cluster (CCEN); 2) Inclusive Growth and Private Sector Development Sub-Cluster (IG&PSD); 3) Area-Based Development and Local Service Delivery Sub-Cluster; and 4) Post-Conflict Recovery and Mine Action Sub-Cluster.
Under the direct supervision of the CCEN Programme Manager and in close consultations with the Project Managers of on-going transport sector projects under IG&PSD as well as the guidance of IG&PSD Programme Manager, the National Advisor of Transport and Environment Sector (NATE) is responsible for providing its technical expertise with on-going civil aviation and maritime projects for smooth implementation as well as for providing its technical and advisory supports in developing pilot projects and in future resource mobilizations in both sectors in partnership with the Government of Iraq (GoI), donors and the UN Country Team.
The NATE ensures the effective delivery of the CO programme in both CCEN & IG&PSD by analyzing political, social and economic trends and by participating in the formulation, management and evaluation of programme activities within a portfolio; and advising in programme implementation consistent with UNDP rules and regulations. The NATE shall have periodic meetings with implementing ministries / agencies in Transport and Environment Sector to provide technical guidance to accelerate on-going project implementation as well as to explore and identify the future areas of collaborations and resource mobilization.
The NATE is required to represent the CCEN and the IG&PSD in the Transport and Environment Sector related issues in daily consultation with implementing ministries / agencies.
III. Key Duties and Responsibilities:
The NATE will act as the key liaison point between Iraqi officials and UNDP-Iraq in implementation of current and future transport and environment sector projects, and be responsible for the successful implementation of project activities and for providing technical and advisory supports in developing pilot projects and in future resource mobilizations in both sectors in partnership with the GoI, the donors and the UN Country Team. This will specifically include: Assist the CCEN Programme Manager and the Project Managers of on-going transport sector projects under IG&PSD in developing contacts and dialogue between the UNDP-Iraq country office and relevant Iraqi agencies, both public and private, towards increased cooperation and mutual support in development of transport and environment sector initiatives; Develop and maintain regular contacts with stakeholders in transport and environment sectors to timely follow up current initiatives and to identify areas requiring future assistance in both sectors Guide line ministries and agencies of transport and environment sectors for smooth project implementation through provision of capacity development, particularly towards identification of needs and opportunities for future development assistance;
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Provide up to date and comprehensive inputs of transport and environment sector initiatives and activities in Iraq to the CCEN Programme Manager and Project Managers of on-going transport sector projects under IG&PSD for future resource mobilization. Provide executive summary of relevant sector information and present it in formats that can be used for programme development purposes; Facilitate implementation of project activities, currently in the civil aviation and maritime sectors, through local arrangements, information gathering, facilitation of project activity and communication; Analyze the UNDP’s competency and identify the possible areas of UNDP’s interventions in both sectors and provide advisory supports to the CCEN Programme Manager and the Project Managers of on-going transport sector projects under IG&PSD for resource mobilizations; Provide technical and advisory supports with CCEN Programme Manager and Project Managers of on- going transport sector projects under IG&PSD in developing pilot projects and in future resource mobilizations in both sectors in partnership with the Government of Iraq, donors and the UN Country Team; Lead the development of project documents for future sector initiatives and present them to the Government of Iraqi and donors in close consultation with CCEN Programme Manager and the Project Managers of on-going transport sector projects under IG&PSD ; Facilitate implementation of project activities, currently in the civil aviation and maritime sectors, and provide technical expertise in order to expedite project implementation; Provide technical expertise in order to enhance the quality of trainings and to accelerate the procurement process of on-going projects; Monitor on-going project activities on a daily basis, identify bottlenecks for smooth implementation if any and guide line ministries and agencies to solve them through technical consultation; Lead project and programme meetings in Iraq in transport and environment sectors with frequent visits to project sites, and assure the quality of outcomes of project activities; Assess line ministries and agencies of transport and environment sectors to identify the needs of capacity development; Provide advisory support of sector planning and engineering, particularly related to international technical standards and regulation to line ministries and agencies; Provide technical and advisory support to Project Managers for on-going and future projects in implementation activities; Prepare monthly summary reports of on-going projects; Assist CCEN Programme Manager and the Project Managers of on-going transport sector projects under IG&PSD in the administrative issues including financial matters to comply with the UNDP rules and regulations for transport and environment relevant projects; Represent the CCEN and the IG&PSD in the Transport and Environment Sector related issues in daily consultation with implementing ministries / agencies;
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Any other support required to ensure smooth and timely implementation of on-going projects and to explore future development of projects in transport and environment sectors;
IV. Competencies:
Corporate Competencies: • Demonstrates integrity by modeling the UN’s values and ethical standards • Promotes the vision, mission, and strategic goals of UNDP • Displays cultural, gender, religion, race, nationality and age sensitivity and adaptability • Treats all people fairly without favoritism
Functional Competencies:
Technical Knowledge, knowledge management and Learning;
Knowledge of transport sector planning and engineering, particularly related to international technical standards and regulation; Promotes a knowledge sharing and learning culture in the office through personal example; Actively works towards continuing personal learning and development in one or more Practice Areas, acts on learning plan and applies newly acquired skills; Keeps abreast of new developments in own occupation/profession; Development programmes and projects, mobilize resources; Establishes and maintains productive partnerships with clients by gaining their trust and respect; Ability to formulate and manage budget, financial analysis, reporting and cost-recovery; Monitors ongoing developments to keep stakeholders informed and anticipate problems; Meets timeline for delivery of products or services to client; Possessing solid IT skills; Knowledge of PRINCE2 or other project management or results based management system would be an asset.
Management and Leadership;
Focuses on impact and result for the client and responds positively to feedback; Consistently approaches work with energy and a positive, constructive attitude; Demonstrates strong oral and written communication skills; Remains calm, in control and good humored even under pressure; Good communication skills, mature judgment and ability to work within a team effort harmoniously; Demonstrates openness to change and ability to manage complexities.
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Required Skills and Experience
Education: Master's degree in Environment, Civil Engineering, Planning, Geography or another relevant field.OR Bachelor Degree in combination with 9 years of qualifying experience will be accepted in lieu of advanced university degree. Experience:
Minimum 9 years’ experience working in the fields of transport infrastructure or operations, including roads, rail, air or maritime modes. Experience in both private sector and public sector experience would be a strong asset; Minimum 5 years’ experience in Iraq, working with transport or environment sector agencies. Minimum 3 years’ experience with project implementation funded by international/bilateral development organizations in transport or environment sector. International experience would be highly valued;
Language Requirements:
Fluency in the English and Arabic language both written and oral
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ANNEX 2-2 First No Cost Extension Letter
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ANNEX 2-3 Second No Cost Extension Letter
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ANNEX 2-4 Third No Cost Extension Letter
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Annex 3-1 Proposal: Support of Transboundary Water Conflict and Dispute Management on Water Share and Allocation
Title and Atlas ID# of Project: Proposal: Support of Transboundary Water Conflict and Dispute Management on Water Share and Allocation
Submitted by: Seiichi Sasaki Date: 7 July, 2014 Line Ministry/GoI institution: Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Environment Time Frame of Project (indicate yearly or multi-year request): 1 year
Anticipated Total Budget (US$) by source: Total Budget Request: $300,000
I. Brief Description:
Under Decision Support System project for the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR), the Local Water Committees (LWCs) were formed in Shatt Al- Hillah, Shatt Al Gharraf and Tigris in the East and South, covering Babylon, Basra, Missan, Muthana, Diwaniya, Thi Qar and Wasit governorates. It served to strengthen sub regional coordination among the water users, governorates and federal Ministries and create a favorable environment enabling them to address local issues with all concerned entities. It was the first step for Iraq to put in place decentralized governance approach. Outcome of the three pilot studies has shown the positive impact in bridging gaps between governorates to possibly alleviate conflict on water share and allocation while numbers of recommendations are proposed in particular strengthening monitoring capacity, legalization of the LWC as well as compliance and enforcement mechanism. The LWC members agreed upon sustaining the initiative on the national scale, obligated to report findings and the recommendations to Ministry of State – Governorate Affairs, requesting issuance of the legal framework---defining Term of Reference, mechanism of their work and legal status for the purpose of continuity of the work and their decisions to be granted by the legal authority.
II. Brief Strategy:
Assisting the GOI in institutionalizing a legal framework to monitor effective utilization of water share and allocation on a basis of predetermined rules and standards that define roles of water users associations (WUAs), land use practice and licensing scheme suitable for Iraqi conditions; Catalyzing famer’s awareness of water share and allocation as well as extension programs facilitating continuous training and learning on water saving and techniques; Adjusting a legal environment for ensuring compliance and enforcement on water share and allocation for water users
IV. Outputs and Results:
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Legal framework of the LWC endorsed by Council of Ministries and legally established The current status of monitoring capacity as well as water share and allocation assessed and mapped out Compliance and enforcement mechanism in place with consideration of environmental flow and marshland protection plan
Output Target outputs: Activities: Imp. Budget Agency /donors
1.1. Output: LWC is legally 1.1.1.Term of reference 30,000 established developed Legal framework of the LWC developed 1.1.2. Legal framework developed
Baseline: 0
Indicators: LWC Legal framework endorsed by Council of Ministries
2.1. Output: Monitoring 2.1.1. Current monitoring 100,000 capacity capacity in 18 governorates The current status of enhanced and assessed monitoring capacity as techniques well as water share and 2.1.2. Current water share introduced in allocation assessed and and allocation in 18 selected pilot mapped out study areas governorates assessed
2.1.3. Technical training on
Baseline: 0 monitoring capacities provided Indicators: # of the GOI staff trained and enhanced ability to monitor water share
3.1. Output: Compliance 3.1.1. Assessment of the 100,000 capacity existing compliance Compliance and enhanced and mechanism conducted enforcement mechanism techniques
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT in place with introduced in 3.1.2. Assessment of consideration of selected pilot enforcement mechanism environmental flow and study areas conducted marshland protection 3.1.3 training on plan developed compliance mechanism for inspectors and regulators Baseline: 0 provided and ToT’s Indicators: # of the GOI modules developed staff trained on compliance and 3.1.4 training on enforcement mechanism enforcement control provided and ToT’s training modules developed
4.1. Output: UNDP monitors 4.1.1. Project management 70,000 the progress of service Project Management activities and 4.1.2. Report monitoring evaluates overall achievements results of activities
ANNEX 3-2 Proposal: Development of Salinity Management Framework
Title and Atlas ID# of Project: Development of Salinity Management Framework for Iraq Submitted by: Seiichi Sasaki Date: 17 December, 2013 Line Ministry/GoI institution: Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Agriculture Time Frame of Project (indicate yearly or multi-year request): 5 years
Anticipated Total Budget (US$) by source: Total Budget Request: $9,000,000
I. Brief Description:
The Tigris-Euphrates river system is characterized by upland headwaters and highly variable flows and an extensive floodplain particularly in the Southern region of Iraq. The salinity of water entering Iraq has been relatively stable in the 1980s, however, recent trend indicates that salinity in the lower reaches of the Euphrates – and most probably the Tigris is increasing-- derived predominantly from irrigation
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT drainage and saline groundwater inflows into the rivers. Salinity in Central and Southern Iraq is so pervasive that its impact on farming systems is a major constraint to agricultural productivity.
A strategic focus is needed on investment in salinity management at the farm scale. In the most severely affected areas, effective solutions to soil salinity require changes in land-use practices and production activities over entire districts. To improve farm-water productivity under saline agriculture, districts will need to set rehabilitation priorities that address soil and water-salinity problems. The proposed programme will be implemented by UNDP in close consultation with the Ministry of Water Resources and Agriculture and other international institutions. It will support the Government of Iraq (GoI) to conduct a series of technical assessments of existing salinity impacts and vulnerabilities, and carry out a series of consultations and consensus-building activities to build a common understanding of salinity issues in Iraq.
II. Brief Strategy:
Iraqi salinity issues can be managed by diversifying production activities and land use practices through investing in the most appropriate drainage network system and adjusting policy and regulatory environment for salinity management in order to improve livelihoods and generate stable income and sustain employment for farm families and rural communities.
Major salinity issues stem from an extensive irrigation in the Southern region of Iraq—9 governorate’s approach (basin scale approach) to solving salinity issues can be effectively managed through:
Assisting the GOI in setting a clear direction for use of the most appropriate drainage network system suitable for Iraqi conditions; Catalyzing famer’s awareness of these technologies as well as facilitating the investment of rehabilitation of the existing drainage system; Adjusting a policy and regulatory environment for the salinity management (removing existing barriers, incentives for farmers utilizing drainage network system through subsiding appropriate fertilizer sand seeding); Supporting the crop diversification with views to introducing appropriate irrigation methods (e.g. drip irrigation for fruit and vegetable, sprinkler irrigation for rice and grains, assembled with magnetic drainage pipe to avoid further accumulation of salt through leaching, mulching and hydroponic irrigation system, etc.); Adapting renewable technologies so as to catalyse follow-on climate finance for increasing energy efficiency in pumping station; Understanding seasonal utilization of groundwater resources and storage to cope with climate variability in the region; Supporting enhanced capacity to identify and articulate Iraq’s irrigation management interests in the region;
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Strengthening Iraq’s long term water security associated with socioeconomic development and poverty reduction; and Identifying and defining a short-and long term programme of action that will assist Iraq in cooperating with its Tigris-Euphrates.
III. Outputs and Results:
Expected Outputs:
1.1. Assessment of land use practices and salinity prone areas within nine governorates
1.2. Assessment of drainage connection, network and rehabilitation of drainage system within nine governorates
1.3. Concrete evidence of the practicality and competitive advantage of drainage management network management system to solve salinity issues within nine governorates
2.1. Enhanced investment in drainage network system and rehabilitation technologies, and farm water productivity
2.2. Enhanced coordination between Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Water Resources, and other stakeholders in increasing water efficiency on water allocation and distribution, salinity control and irrigation methods
3.1.Widespread awareness and increased sector capacity for the design, construction and operation of drainage network system, upgraded farmer water productivity, salinity control, water harvesting methods, and extension programs focusing on land preparation, crop variety, appropriate use of fertilizer and technology applications and adaptation of climate variability, that are locally designed, engineered, managed and implemented.
Expected Outcomes:
1. Investment in drainage network system and technologies as well as facilitating the investment of rehabilitation of the existing drainage system 2. Encouragement of investments in drainage network system and transforming higher productivity through adjusting a policy and regulatory environment for the salinity management (removing existing barriers, incentives for farmers utilizing drainage network system through subsiding appropriate fertilizer and seeding) 3. Facilitation of sector capacity for technology development, innovation and servicing in salinity control, appropriate water harvesting methods, enhancing crop productivity and water efficiency through technical and institutional capacity building, education and extension programs
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
Project Objective: Increasing crop production potential through investing in the most appropriate drainage networking system and adjusting policy and regulatory environment for promoting better land use practice, crop diversification, salinity management strategy in order to improve livelihoods and generate stable income and sustain employment for farm families and rural communities. Financing GOI Co- Expected Project Component Activities Source ($) financing, Outcomes ($) 1. Investment in 1.1.Assessment 1.1.1. Evaluation of land use type at 1,500,000 5,750,000 drainage network of land use the basin scale level and of most system and practices and suitable land use type through technologies as well salinity prone technical data and field as facilitating the areas measurements. investment of rehabilitation of the 1.1.2. Development of salinity map, existing drainage 1.2. Assessment taking into account characteristics of system of drainage salinity types, ability to identify water connection, and soil salinity disturbances, network and rehabilitation of 1.2.1. Evaluation of required drainage drainage system connection, equipment and cost in order to be operational
1.2.2. Evaluation of required rehabilitation of drainage system, 1.3. Concrete connection mechanism, equipment evidence of the and cost in order to be operational practicality and
competitive 1.3.1. Development of salinity advantage of database management and modeling drainage system through technical data and management field measurements network
management system to solve salinity issues
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2. Encouragement 2.1.Enhanced 2.1.1.Development of policies and 750,000 2,750,000 of investments in investment in regulations allowing farmers to drainage network drainage network improve their water use efficiency, system and system and control on salinity and their irrigation transforming rehabilitation management higher productivity technologies, and through farm water adjusting a policy productivity 2.1.2. Design and implementation of a and regulatory process for famers to engage in environment for the standardized guideline to inter-connect salinity management 2.2.Enhanced with drainage network system (removing existing coordination barriers, incentives between Ministry 2.2.1.Development of a model for farmers utilizing of Agriculture irrigation and drainage network system drainage network and Ministry of system through Water Resources, 2.2.2. Implementation of phased fiscal subsiding and other incentives for famers, including partial appropriate fertilizer stakeholders in subsidies of fertilizer and seeding and seeding) increasing water efficiency on water allocation and distribution, salinity control and irrigation methods
3. Facilitation of 3.1.Widespread 3.1.1.Development of programs 750,000 500,000 sector capacity for awareness and focusing on capacity for the design, technology increased sector construction and operation of development, capacity for the drainage network system, upgraded innovation and design, farmer water productivity, salinity servicing in salinity construction and control and water harvesting methods control, appropriate operation of water harvesting drainage network 3.1.2. Development of a programme methods, enhancing system, to support small, local famers crop productivity upgraded farmer empowered to take advantage of new and water efficiency water regulations and other development through technical productivity, and institutional salinity control, 3.1.3.Development of advanced capacity building, water harvesting extension programs focusing on land education and methods, and preparation, crop variety, appropriate
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT extension programs extension use of fertilizer and technology programs applications and adaptation of focusing on land climatic variability that are locally preparation, crop designed, engineered, managed. variety, appropriate use 3.2.1.development of water efficiency of fertilizer and program by adapting technologies so technology as to catalyse follow-on climate applications and finance adaptation of climate 3.2.2.Study tours for Government variability, that officials, famers, operators to are locally countries with relevant basin-scale designed, irrigation management, salinity engineered, control and drainage network system managed and implemented.
Sub-total 3,000, 9,000,00 000 0 3,000, 9,000,0 000 00 Total project costs 12,000,000
IV. Implementation and Management:
UNDP Project Manager is responsible for the overall planning and delivery of project outputs and activities. The project manager reports to the head of UNDP Climate Change, Energy and Environment Cluster.
Technical consultants have been recruited to work with the Ministry of Water Resources and Agriculture and other institutions to deliver specific products and services; e.g., preparation of the impact assessment, and identification of risk in areas where mitigation measures shall be taken as priority aiming at reaching consensus on the future salinity management efforts in Iraq.
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
ANNEX 3-3 Proposal: Development of Drought Risk, Monitoring and Early Warning System
Title and Atlas ID# of Project: Exit Strategy for Drought Risk Management Framework:
Development of Drought Risk Assessment, Management and Monitoring and Early Warning System
Submitted by: Seiichi Sasaki, UNDP Climate Change Specialist Date: 31 March,2014
Line Ministry/GoI institution: Ministry of Environment (focal point), Trade, Planning, Agriculture, Transport, Science and Technology, and Water Resources/PMAC
Time Frame of Project (indicate yearly or multi-year request): 2 years
Implementing Agency UNDP and UNESCO
Anticipated Total Budget (US$) by source:
Total Budget Request: $990,000 (Expected Partners: United States, France and Italy)
GOI Contribution: 990,000
US 1, 98 million
I. Brief Description:
Since 2009, UN agencies (UNDP and UNESCO) jointly facilitated a programme on Development of the National Framework for Drought Risk Management funded under the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) Trust Funds. Through the course of stakeholder consultations held in April 2012 (referring to the Beirut workshop), July 2013, December 2013 and March 2014, the Task force, stakeholders and UN agencies conducted a technical assessment of cross-cutting issues and addressed country’s vulnerability on drought and proposed recommended plans for further action. On March 31, 2014, UNDP and UNESCO held the exit strategy workshop to 1) prioritize action plans and 2) present the resource mobilization plan to partners. Outcomes of the meeting emphasized that the GOI urgently needs to take concrete action on building capacities to institutionalize risk assessment, management, monitoring and early warning functions addressing drought, which the government is lacking. More importantly, stakeholders agreed on mainstreaming DRMF into the National Development Plan as National priority and their efforts has to continue to build the respective capacities. This effort coincides with output of the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) project (2014-2016) initiated by UNDP that can be further strengthened as sector focused development planning.
UNDP outlined the DRM framework which consists of recommended governance structure, policy and legal framework, knowledge management and coordination mechanism enabling the GOI to respond to drought in a systematic manner. UNESCO provided an analysis report on the drought risk management and laid the base for the best practices for mitigation of drought risks. Both Agencies have provided a
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT series of recommended action plans. However, the prioritization of tasks needs to be re-examined, and resources to be mobilized for further action.
In the exit strategy meeting, the DRM working group concluded that the GOI urgently needs to 1) institutionalize a unified information system, 2) define and identify appropriate drought monitoring measures and capacities, and 3) enhance coordination mechanism, which will be incorporated in risk reduction policies in future. In order to create such enabling environment for future of Iraq, GOI needs to upgrade technical and institutional capacities to effectively establish preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation measures towards drought. Stakeholders call for UN agencies to support implementing a series of technical assessment and capacity building activities to establish such unified platform that can be built on existing environmental programs.
II. Brief Strategy:
The project assisting the GOI in establishing a drought database, monitoring and early warning systems through:
Setting architecture of central data/information management network on agricultural, environment and socioeconomic impacts by drought Introducing standard procedures that support defining drought monitoring criteria and training of Iraqi experts on how to monitor, operate and process data; Developing a drought forecasting system (e.g. Two-week forecasts (5-day and 6-10 day) are used to determine which areas may see improvement or a worsening of conditions; Establishing drought management areas (i.e., subdivide the district or region into more conveniently sized by administrative boundaries, shared hydrological characteristics, climatological characteristics, or other means such as spatially represented drought probability or risk clusters); Strengthening inventory data quantity and quality from current observation networks (e.g. technology includes soil moisture sensors, telemetric hdydro-meteorological, and satellite data: the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR); Advising appropriate institutional structure of preparedness and mitigation action (including affected targeted resources suffering from loss of economic values); Catalyzing awareness of drought risk as well as drought preparedness initiatives mainstreaming into DRR context; Networking with meteorological and global climate change monitoring institutions to enhance international and regional partnership; and Supporting mainstreaming Drought Risk Management Plan into the National Development Plan.
III. Outputs and Results:
Expected Outputs:
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
Output Target outputs: Activities: Imp. Budget Agency /donors
1.2. Output: The GOI enabled 1.1.1.Assess the existing UNESC to manage the capacity of data O/Italy, National Information information information management France, System (NIS) for DRM system in an system (including and operationalized (nota integrated improvement of data USA bene: based on a unified manner collection, processing and /standardized indicator measures information database management system) 1.1.2.Develop customized standardized O&M
procedure and Baseline: Each ministry operationalize has already managed/developed data/database system within their network. However, data is often fragmented and not shared with other Ministries.
Indicators: Information management platform integrated and information flow streamlined.
2.1. Output: The GOI 2.1.1. Conduct needs UNDP capacitated to assessment and gap /Italy, Drought monitoring monitor analysis on the existing France, capacities enhanced variability of monitoring capacities and drought USA 2.1.2. Conduct technical indicators Baseline: current according to the consultation on drought monitoring capacity is monitoring plan monitoring requirements limited only on a 2.1.3. Define drought periodical basis and data
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT availability is uncertain management areas and develop the work plan Indicators: data collection procedure, 2.1.4. Conduct technical indicators defined and training to enhance the monitoring plan monitoring capacities developed
3.1. Output: GOI is enabled to 3.1.1. Conduct assessment UNDP forecast outlook of the existing early /Italy, Early warning system for drought warning system France, functionalized and 3.1.2. Conduct technical USA Baseline: 0 consultation on defining Indicators: capacity needs the mandates of early identified warning system
# of the GOI staff trained 3.1.3 Conduct technical on forecast modelling training on a drought system forecasting system
Roles and responsibilities 3.1.4. Study tours defined
4.1. Output: UNDP/UNESCO 4.1.1. Project management UNDP/ monitor the service UNESC Project Management progress of O/ 4.1.2. Report monitoring activities and Italy, evaluate overall results of activities France, achievements 4.1.3 Report evaluation and report to update progress USA of activities
4.1.4 Scientific oversight
1. The GOI has implemented risk reduction initiatives equipped with robust preparedness, response and recovery plan in response to drought
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WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF IRAQ 2014 FINAL REPORT
2. The GOI has established the higher committee/centre to deal with integrated risk reduction measures
IV. Implementation and Management:
UNDP is responsible for the overall planning and delivery of project outputs and activities while UNESCO provides scientific guidance, maintaining methodological oversight and thus quality assurance towards GoI. Technical consultants will be recruited to deliver specific products and services; e.g. institutionalizing unified information system (NIS), development of the forecasting and monitoring capacities, etc.
V. Resource Mobilization and Cost Sharing
On March 31, 214, Representatives from the US and French embassies participated in the exit strategy meeting to observe the project planning process with stakeholders. Multi- Donor support is essential for Iraq to build up an international information network responding to climatic variability in regional context. Resource mobilization efforts will primarily focus on securing funds for coherent programmes that offer the prospect of longer-term impact than for smaller individual projects. As resource mobilization strategy, direct contribution from the GOI is requisite to implement the project. Expected cash contribution form the GOI is US $990,000 that UNDP and UNESCO report donors and the GOI for utilization of the funds to be effectively incorporated into the programme.
VI. Next actions:
DRM working group will hold a periodical meeting and update the progress of the project planning process. The GOI will kindly host the event as a form of the contribution to the project development.
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