DOCSLIB.ORG

Strategies for Preservation of Web-Based Content: Intellectual Property Barriers to Building the Sudan Web Archive

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Strategies for Preservation of Web-Based Content: Intellectual Property Barriers to Building the Sudan Web Archive STRATEGIES FOR PRESERVATION OF WEB-BASED CONTENT: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY BARRIERS TO BUILDING THE SUDAN WEB ARCHIVE A thesis submitted to the Graduate College at the University of Khartoum for obtaining the Degree of PhD in Information & Library Science BY Gafar Ali Fadol Ibrahim BA (Hons), (Information & Library Science), (1998) University of Khartoum MA, (Information & Library Science), (2002) University of Khartoum Supervisor Professor Radia Adam Mohamed Department of Information & Library Science, Faculty of Arts April, 2010 i © Copyright by Gafar Ali Fadol Ibrahim 2010 All Rights Reserved ii Acknowledgements The supervisor, Professor Radia Adam Mohammed, lecturer at the Department of Information and Library Science at the University of Khartoum, has provided invaluable advice and direction on every aspect of this study, as well as constant moral support. No Ph.D. candidate could have asked for more. She also made many useful suggestions and recommendations. Her keen intuition and innovative instructions add value and privilege to the thesis. Furthermore, I would like to express my appreciation and gratitude to the internal examiner, Professor Sami Sherif, Dean of Faculty of Engineering and Architecture (formerly Director of Information Technology and Network Administration) at the University of Khartoum for providing precious insights and cheerful welcoming, and to Dr Hamid El-Dood Mahdi Abd El-Rahman, lecturer of English Literature at the University of Al- Neelain for his valuable advices and for having reviewed the language of the text and Dr Ahmed Tawer, who reviewed the grammar of the Arabic abstract. My gratitude also extends to Dr Sabri El-Haj, Head of Information and Library Science Department at the University of Khartoum, Ms Wafaa Mohamed Osman, Director of Library and Documentation Centre at CWTOA, Dr Lennart Bjoneborn, lecturer at the Royal School of Information and Library Science in Denmark, for allowing quote from their dissertation and thesis and the external examiner Professor Ali Mohamed Shummu, Director of the Press and Printed Press Materials National Council, for their kind efforts. However, my colleagues at GHD Global, especially Debbie Mace (Administrator), Michael Kemp (Manager) and Kate Rabbits (Marketing Manager), who have been endless supportive in arranging for me to have the time to work on this study and providing me with access to office, laboratories, digital library and iii database facilities. Thanks to Mr Ibrahim Al Amin, acting-Director of the Sudan National Library, Ms Najuwa Mahmoud, Head of the Digitisation Project at the Sudan National Record Office and to all librarians and archivists who responded to the survey from worldwide online libraries and archives. Finally, without my family’s assistance and patience, it would not have been possible to complete this document. Their attention and endless endeavour to create calm study environment entitle them to be regarded as full contributors to its production. iv STRATEGIES FOR PRESERVATION OF WEB-BASED CONTENT: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY BARRIERS TO BUILDING THE SUDAN WEB ARCHIVE A thesis submitted to the Graduate College at the University of Khartoum for obtaining the Degree of PhD in Information & Library Science By Gafar Ali Fadol Ibrahim Abstract Advancement in Web publishing creates new challenges to management of Web-based content as part of the national library holdings. Such content is important but ephemeral and prone to disappearance if no strategies are made to preserve it. Restrictions of intellectual property rights (IPRs) constitute main barriers to its preservation. This study aims to advocate a balance between the information seeking needs and the protection of IPRs for establishment of the Sudan Web Archive. The national Web space at ‘.sd’ domain is chosen as a setting for the empirical investigation. The survey and action research methods are employed in order to sample, identify and characterise statistical data that is collected, compiled, analysed and collated using SPSS 16.0 software. The survey method is reinforced by two instruments questionnaires and interviews. The action research method is used to find out a solution to the problems of the study, while the Ranganathan’s laws are revisited in the selection and collection development strategies. This study is placed within the context of Webometrics field as a new core discipline of information and library science. Results indicate that Alpha index measured by Cronbach is at (0.8) for all provided factors. A correlation is found v significant among pair of factors at (0.05). Results of three months of study show that 25% of the Web-based content is ephemeral and findings reached from similar previous researches show that annual rate of content disappearance is at 44% and the average life expectancy of a Website is only 44 days. It is found that the period from the death of the ‘.sd’ domain in mid-2001 and its resurrection in 18th November 2002 a great deal of national Web- based content probably disappeared. These findings indicate that the Web-based content mortality rates are high and the shorter lifecycle of a Website urges the Sudan National Library to adopt establishment of a Web archive, as proposed in this study in order to save the country’s Web space for future access. It is recommended to form a Web legal deposit law to authorise copying for building the collection of the proposed Web Archive. Keywords: National Library - Sudan; the Web – archiving and preservation; the Web - Intellectual property; the Web - Legal deposit – Sudan; Webometrics, science of. vi إﺳﱰاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت ﺣﻔﻆ ﳏﺘﻮى اﻟﻮﻳﺐ: ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﱵ ﺗﻮاﺟﻪ ﺑﻨﺎء ذاآﺮةاﻟﺴﻮدان ﻟﻠﻮﻳﺐ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ درﺟﺔ دآﺘﻮراة اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت واﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎت إﻋﺪاد: ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻀﻞ إﺑﺮاهﻴﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ أدت اﻟﺘﻄﻮرات اﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎل اﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﻳـﺐ إﱃ ﻇُﻬـﻮر ﲢﺪﻳﺎتٍ ﺟﺪﻳﺪةٍ ﺗُﻮاﺟﻪ إدارة ﻣﺼﺎدر اﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ آﺎﶈﺘﻮى اﳌﻨﺸﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺑﺈ ﻋﺘﺒﺎرﻩ ﺟﺰءاً ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺰأ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﲥﺎ . ﻓﻬﺬا اﶈُﺘﻮى ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ أآﺜﺮ اﳌﻮاد هﺸﺎﺷﺔً وﻋﺮﺿﺔً ﻟﻠﻀﻴﺎع إذا ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ إﻋﺪاد إﺳﱰاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت ﳊﻔﻈـﻪ . وﺗُـﺸَﻜِﻞ ﺣـﻮاﺟﺰُ اﳌﻠﻜﻴـﺔ اﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻘﺒﺔً رﺋﻴﺴﺔً ﳊﻔﻆ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﶈﺘﻮى . ﻳﻬﺪف هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ إﱃ إﺟﺮاء ﻣﻮازﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ إﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت اﺳـﱰﺟﺎ ع اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎت وﺑﲔ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻘﻮق اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳـﺔ ﺣـﱴ ﳝﻜـﻦ ﺑﻨـﺎء ذاآـﺮة اﻟﺴﻮدان ﻟﻠﻮﻳﺐ . وﰎ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻧﻄـﺎق اﻟـﺴﻮدان ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻮﻳـﺐ آﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻹرﺗﻜﺎز واﻟﺘﻘﺼﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ . واﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻨﻬﺠﲔ ﳘﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﳌﺴﺤﻲ وﻣﻨﻬﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﻐـﺮض ﲨـﻊ، ﻣﻌﺎﳉـﺔ، ﺟﺪوﻟﺔ، وﲢﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ وﲢﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧ ﺎت اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ووﺻـﻔﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻈــﺎم ﺣــﺰم اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴــﻞ اﻹﺣــﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳــﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴــﺔ. وﻟﻠﻤﻨــﻬﺞ اﳌــﺴﺤﻲ أداﺗــﺎن ﳘــﺎ اﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠــﺔ واﻹﺳــﺘﺒﻴﺎن. ووﻇــﻒ اﳌﻨــﻬﺞ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘــﻲ ﻹﳚــﺎد ﺣــﻞ ﳌــﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ آﻤﺎ أﻋﻴﺪ ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﻗﻮاﻧﲔ راﳒﺎﻧﺎﺛﺎن ﰲ إﺳﱰاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت اﺧﺘﻴﺎر وﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻤﻮﻋﺎت . وﺗﻨﺪرج هـﺬﻩ اﻟﺪ راﺳـﺔ ﰲ ﺳـﻴﺎق ﳎﺎل اﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﻣﻴﱰﻳﻜﺎ آﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﲣﺼﺼﺎت ﻋﻠﻢ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎت واﳌﻜﺘﺒــﺎت. وﺗــﺸﲑ اﻟﻨﺘــﺎﺋﺞ إﱃ أنً ﻣﺆﺷــﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻣــﻞ أﻟﻔــﺎ ﻟﻼﻋﺘﻤﺎدﻳﺔ ﺑﻠﻎ (0.8) ﳉﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﱵ أُﺧﻀﻌﺖ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻞ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ. وأنً اﻹرﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﲔ ﺗﻠﻚ اﳌﺘﻐﲑات ﻟﻪ دﻻﻟﺔ إﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ (0.05) وهﻲ ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺗﺄﺛﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﳊﻔﻆ ﲝﻮاﺟﺰ اﳌﻠﻜﻴـﺔ اﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ. وﺗﺸﲑ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ إﱃ أنَ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إﺧﺘﻔﺎء ﳏﺘﻮى اﻟﻮﻳـﺐ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ 25% ﰲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺷﻬﺮ وﺗﺸﲑ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ دراﺳﺎت ﳑﺎﺛﻠـﺔ أنً ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إﺧﺘﻔﺎء ذﻟﻚ اﶈﺘﻮى ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ 44% ﰲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ وأنً ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ دورة ﺣﻴﺎة ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻮﻳﺐ هﻮ 44 ﻳﻮﻣﺎً ﻓﻘـﻂ . ووﺟـﺪ أنً ﻓـﱰة ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺧ ﺪﻣﺎت ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺴﻮدان ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺘـﺼﻒ ﻋﺎم 2001م وﻋﻮدﺗـﻪ إﱃ اﳋﺪﻣـﺔ ﰲ ﺎﻳـﺔ ﻋـﺎم 2002م رﲟـﺎ ﺗﺴﺒﺒﺖ ﰲ اﺧﺘﻔﺎء ﻧـﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ذﻟـﻚ اﻟـﱰاث اﻟﻘـﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ. إنَ إرﺗﻔﺎع ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إﺧﺘﻔﺎء هﺬا اﻟﻨـﻮع ﻣـﻦ اﶈﺘـﻮى vii وﻗﺼﺮ دورة ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺗﺪﻋﻮ ﻣﺘﺨﺬي اﻟﻘﺮار ﺑﺎﳌﻜﺘﺒـﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ إﱃ ﺑﻨ ﺎء ذاآﺮة اﻟﺴﻮدان ﻟﻠﻮﻳـﺐ، آﻤـﺎ هـﻮ ﻣﻘـﱰح ﰲ هـﺬﻩ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ، ﳊﻔﻆ ﳏﺘﻮى اﻟﻨﻄـﺎق ﻷﻏـﺮاض اﻟﻨﻔـﺎذ اﳌـﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ . وﺗﻮﺻﻲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺑﺈﻋﺪاد ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﳊـﻖ اﻹﻳـﺪاع ﳜـﺘﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻳـﺐ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎح ﺑﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﺬاآﺮة. آﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ: اﳌﻜﺘﺒـﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ - اﻟـﺴﻮدان؛ اﻟﻮﻳـﺐ، أرﺷﻔﺔ وﺣﻔﻆ؛ ذاآﺮة اﻟﻮﻳـﺐ _ اﻟـﺴﻮدان؛ ﺻـﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﶈﺘـﻮى؛ اﻟﻮﻳﺐ، ﺣﻘﻮق اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ؛ اﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﻣﱰي، ﻋﻠﻢ. viii List of Abbreviations and Acronyms Abbr./ Full form Acro. AARC Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules ADCIA Australian Digital Content Industry Agenda ADI American Documentation Institute AIDS/HIV Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome/Human immunodeficiency Virus ARIPO African Regional Intellectual Property Organisation ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency Network ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASIS American Society for Information Science BIRPI Bureaux Internationaux reunis pour la protection de la propriete intellectuelle BNB British National Bibliography BnF Bibliotheque nationale de France CBD Convention on Biological Diversity ccTLDs country code Top-Level Domains CCELP Committee on Coordination of the Electronic Library Project CENL Committee of the Conference of European National Libraries CERN European Organisation for Nuclear Research ix COBRA Computerised Bibliographic Record Actions CRO Central Records Office CSDL Conseil scientifique du dépôt legal CSIC Centro de Informacion y Documentacion Cientifica CWTOA Commission on the World Trade Affairs DAISY Digital Accessible Information System DARPA Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency DCMI Dublin Core Metadata Initiative DCNRC Documentation Centre of the National Research Centre DDA Doha Development Agenda DDC Dewey Decimal Classification DDS Document delivery services DIU Dams Implementations Unit DMCA Digital Millennium Copyright Act DNS Domain name systems DOD Department of Defence DSEP Deposit systems for electronic publications DTB Digital talking books DVD Digital versatile disc EAD Encoded Archival Description eIFL Electronic Information for Libraries EUCEI European Union Court of First Instance FID Institut International de Documentation FIFA Federation Internationale
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Selection in Web Archives: the Value of Archival Best Practices
    WITTENBERG: SELECTION IN WEB ARCHIVES Selection in Web Archives: The Value of Archival Best Practices Jamie Wittenberg, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America Abstract: The abundance of valuable material available online has mobilized the development of preservation initiatives at collecting institutions that aim to capture and contextualize web content. Web archiving selection criteria are driven by the limitations inherent in harvesting technologies. Observing core archival principles like provenance and original order when establishing collection development policies for web content will help to ensure that archives continue to assure the authenticity of the materials they steward. Keywords: Web Archives; Archival Theory; Digital Libraries; Internet Content; Selection and Appraisal Introduction The abundance of valuable material available online has mobilized the development of preservation initiatives at collecting institutions that aim to capture and contextualize web content. Methodologies for web collection practices are institution and collection-specific. Among institutions charged with preserving cultural heritage, web archiving has become commonplace. However, the disparity between institutional selection and appraisal criteria reveals the absence of standardization for web archive establishment. The Australian web archive, for example, accessions content that it evaluates as having long-term research value. The Library of Congress web archive, represented by its Minerva team, established a collection
    [Show full text]
  • Australia (PDF: 202KB)
    Country Report [Period Coverage: 1 January 2019 – 31 December 2019] Name of Country : Australia Name of Library : National Library of Australia Name(s) of National Librarian, : Dr Marie-Louise Ayres, Director General Director-General and/or Director Contact Person : Meredith Walton, Executive Officer Contact Person’s Email Address : [email protected] Mailing Address : Parkes Place, Parkes, ACT, 2600, Australia Telephone Number : +61 2 6262 1390 Facsimile Number : N/A Website Address : www.nla.gov.au 1 Facts and Figures Sn Item Description Figures (based on 18/19 financial year) a Operating Budget i. Government $54.7 million ii. External Sources $15.4 million b Total Staff (FTE) The full time i. Graduate or Post Graduate with library qualifications equivalent staffing ii. Other Qualifications average for 2018-19 was 365. Education data not available. c Collection Size The Library’s physical i. Physical collection collections span 261 ii. Digital collection preserved shelf kilometers with approximately 10 million collection items. In 18/19 375, 308 new items were 1 added to the collection. The Library’s digital collections comprise 5.1 petabytes of digital storage. In 18/19 27, 239 new items were acquired in digital format. d Visitorship (Annual) 281,963 visitors to the i. Physical visits to reading rooms Library’s three ii. Digital visits to websites Reading Rooms. There were 37.68 million visits to the NLA online, and 28.3 million visits to the Trove website. e Inter Library Loans provided (Annual) 22,455 items provided through the Interlibrary Loan program 2 Overview of Major or New Developments in Library Buildings, Collections, Access or Services [Please provide a maximum of 5 highlights] Treasured Voices: Treasured Voices is a new philanthropy campaign that aims to digitise, and make available through our on-line platform, Trove, many more treasures from the Library’s vast collections, including the personal papers of past leaders and stories of Australian rural and regional life, as well as a further diversity of all NLA collection formats.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report to Partners 2019-2020
    Annual report to partners 2019-2020 Contents 1. PANDORA Participants working together 1.1 Consultation mechanisms 1.2 Reports 1.3 Notable PANDORA collections 2. Growth of the Web Archive 2.1 Size and annual growth of the PANDORA Archive 2.2 Statistics for annual participant contributions 3. Analysis 3.1 Individual partner contribution trends over the life of the archive 4. Development of the Web Archive 4.1 Development of PANDAS and tools supporting partners 4.2 The Australian Web Archive 4.3 Australian web domain harvest 4.4 Collecting Commonwealth Government online publications 5. Focus on users 5.1 User views of the PANDORA Archive 5.2 Most viewed titles (websites) and collections in the PANDORA Archive 6. International relations 6.1 International Internet Preservation Consortium (IIPC) 7. Promoting the Archive 7.1 Presentations, representations and papers 7.2 Social media 1 1. PANDORA participants working together PANDORA, refers to the collaborative selective web archiving program led by the National Library of Australia (NLA) with participating agencies: the state libraries of Victoria (SLV), New South Wales (SLNSW), Queensland (SLQ), South Australia (SLSA) and Western Australia (SLWA), the Library & Archives NT (LANT), the Australian War Memorial (AWM), the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) and the National Gallery of Australia NGA). This report to contributing participants on activities and developments in the 2019-2020 financial year is made available in accordance with the National Library’s obligation as stated in section 6.2 (k) of the Memorandum of Understanding with participant agencies. 1.1 Consultation mechanisms The National Library continued to inform other PANDORA participants about the operation of PANDORA through an email discussion list, the PANDORA Wiki and an ad hoc newsletter distributed through email and the Wiki.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Report [Period Coverage: 1 January 2018 – 31 December 2018]
    Country Report [Period Coverage: 1 January 2018 – 31 December 2018] Name of Country : Australia Name of Library : National Library of Australia Name(s) of National Librarian, : Dr Marie-Louise Ayres Director-General and/or Director Contact Person : Sarah Jaensch, Executive Assistant Contact Person’s Email Address : [email protected] Mailing Address : Parkes Place, Parkes, ACT 2600, Australia Telephone Number : +61 2 6262 1390 Facsimile Number : Website Address : www.nla.gov.au 1 Facts and Figures Sn Item Description Figures (based on 2017-18 financial year) a Operating Budget i. Government $52.7 million ii. External Sources $14.7 million b Total Staff (FTE) The full time equivalent staffing average i. Graduate or Post Graduate with for 2017-18 was 382. library qualifications Education data not available. ii. Other Qualifications 1 c Collection Size The Library’s physical collections span 259 i. Physical collection shelf kilometres with approximately 10 ii. Digital collection million collection items. preserved The Library’s digital collections comprise 5 petabytes of digital storage. d Visitorship (Annual) i. Physical visits to reading rooms 270,967 visitors to the Library’s three Reading Rooms. ii. Digital visits to websites There were 36.08 million visits to the NLA website, including 27.45 million visits to the Trove platform. e Inter Library Loans provided (Annual) 18,561 items provided through the Interlibrary Loan program 2 Overview of Major or New Developments in Library Buildings, Collections, Access or Services [Please provide a maximum of 5 highlights] 50th Anniversary program The Library celebrated fifty years since the opening of its building in 1968, with a lively event program that successfully engaged with new and diverse audiences across Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Web As History
    The Web Web The ‘No other work as cohesively, clearly, forcefully and successfully argues for the Web’s centrality in contemporary society and social science. While scholars of new media tend to turn their attention to the newest and latest new media phenomena, the Web is and will continue to be crucial to understanding online phenomena generally and, just as critically, providing a record of online discourse and events.’ – Steve Jones, UIC Distinguished Professor of Communication, as University of Illinois at Chicago History The World Wide Web has now been in use for more than 20 years. From early browsers to today’s principal source of information, entertainment and The much else, the Web is an integral part of our daily lives, to the extent that some people believe ‘if it’s not online, it doesn’t exist’. While this statement is not entirely true, it is becoming increasingly accurate, and reflects the Web’s role as an indispensable treasure trove. It is curious, therefore, that historians and social scientists have thus far made little use of the Web to Web investigate historical patterns of culture and society, despite making good use of letters, novels, newspapers, radio and television programmes, and other pre-digital artefacts. This volume argues that now is the time to ask as what we have learnt from the Web so far. The 12 chapters explore this topic from a number of interdisciplinary angles – through histories of national Niels Brügger by Edited web spaces and case studies of different government and media domains – as well as an Introduction that provides an overview of this exciting new History area of research.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2019-2020
    ANNUAL REPORT 2019–20 REPORT ANNUAL Annual Report 2019–20 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF AUSTRALIA LIBRARY NATIONAL Annual Report 2019–20 Published by the National Library of Australia Parkes Place Canberra ACT 2600 T 02 6262 1111 F 02 6257 1703 National Relay Service 133 677 nla.gov.au/corporate-documents/annual-reports ABN 28 346 858 075 © National Library of Australia 2020 ISSN 0313-1971 (print) 1443-2269 (online) National Library of Australia Annual report / National Library of Australia.–8th (1967/68)– Canberra: NLA, 1968––v.; 25 cm. Annual. Continues: National Library of Australia. Council. Annual report of the Council = ISSN 0069-0082. Report year ends 30 June. ISSN 0313-1971 = Annual report–National Library of Australia. 1. National Library of Australia–Periodicals. 027.594 Printed by CanPrint Communications Cover image: Page from Souvenir Scrapbook Compiled by General Sir John Monash 1897–1905, Papers of General Sir John Monash, 1876–1934, nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2536136315. NATIONAL LIBRARY OF AUSTRALIA 14 August 2020 The Hon. Paul Fletcher MP Minister for Communications, Cyber Safety and the Arts Parliament House CANBERRA ACT 2600 Dear Minister National Library of Australia Annual Report 2019–20 The Council, as the accountable authority of the National Library of Australia, has pleasure in submitting to you for presentation to each House of Parliament its annual report covering the period 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020. The Council approved this report at its meeting in Canberra on 14 August 2020. The report is submitted to you in accordance with section 46 of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections on Collection Policies in NSLA Libraries
    Reflections on collection policies in NSLA libraries Towards a national approach to web collecting May 2020 Introduction In March 2020, as the full repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic became apparent in Australia, our national, state and territory libraries began the extraordinary exercise of collecting on exactly the same subject at the same time with the same sense of urgency. There was little time to prepare or confer. The ubiquity of the subject matter, manifesting in every imaginable format, and the ways in which libraries chose to collect it, highlighted the differences in our collecting approaches, preferences and capacities in a way that could not have been achieved by comparing policies alone. Several NSLA libraries began identifying websites quickly for collection through the Australian Web Archive. Fortuitously, NLA had commenced its annual web harvest in early March, running for six weeks until mid- April. SLNSW was adding to this joint effort as well as its own collections using Archive-It and Webrecorder, picking up content from Twitter and Instagram, and testing collecting from Facebook (where privacy, rather than technology, is the primary issue). Libraries Tasmania was collecting website imprints independently. SLQ was fast to prepare a full collecting plan including commissioned photography and digital stories, and a community call-out for emails and physical ephemera. It was most prepared to accept the risk associated with commissioning photography and, after considered consultation, issued letters of support to a number of photographers who were already documenting the event, resulting in a broad range of material including shots from inside the hospital environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Web Archives a Misnomer – How Web Archives Can Become Digital Archives? in C
    Is web archives a misnomer - how web archives can become digital archives? Item Type Conference Paper Authors Wu, Paul Horng Jyh; Heok, Adrian Kay Heng Citation Is web archives a misnomer - how web archives can become digital archives? 2006, :298-305 Publisher School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University Download date 30/09/2021 09:34:45 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105621 Asia-Pacific Conference on Library & Information Education & Practice, 2006 Wu, P. H. J., & Heok, A. K. H. (2006). Is web archives a misnomer – how web archives can become digital archives? In C. Khoo, D. Singh & A.S. Chaudhry (Eds.), Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Conference on Library & Information Education & Practice 2006 (A-LIEP 2006), Singapore, 3-6 April 2006 (pp. 298-305). Singapore: School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University. IS WEB ARCHIVES A MISNOMER – HOW WEB ARCHIVES CAN BECOME DIGITAL ARCHIVES? PAUL HORNG JYH WU & ADRIAN KAY HENG HEOK Division of Information Studies School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University 31 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637718 Abstract. Digital archives are not meant to be mere collections of digital artifacts organized for reference. It ought to be a record, providing evidence for dynamic digital cultural activities, because these activities form an organic and primary source of cultural information and artifacts. This paper investigates two national web archiving projects, argues for the need for greater attention to be paid to archival principles and shows how contextual elements can be retained in a collection. We will also demonstrate how some of these principles have been applied in the Asian Tsunami Web Archives via a web archival method called Web Sphere Analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report to Partners 2018-19
    Annual report to partners 2018-2019 Contents 1. PANDORA Participants working together 1.1 Consultation mechanisms 1.2 Reports 1.3 Partner teleconferences 1.4 Notable collaborative collections 2. Growth of the Web Archive 2.1 Size and annual growth of the PANDORA Archive 2.2 Statistics for annual participant contributions 3. Development of the Web Archive 3.1 The Australian Web Archive 3.2 Australian web domain harvest 3.3 Collecting Commonwealth Government online publications 4. Focus on users 4.1 User views of the PANDORA Archive 4.2 User views of the Trove Australian Web Archive 4.3 User views of the Australian Government Web Archive 4.4 Most viewed titles (websites) in the PANDORA Archive 5. International relations 5.1 International Internet Preservation Consortium (IIPC) 6. Promoting the Archive 6.1 Presentations, representations and papers 6.2 Social media 7. Concluding summary 1 1. PANDORA participants working together PANDORA, Australia’s Web Archive (http://pandora.nla.gov.au/) is a selective archive of Australian online publications and websites which is built collaboratively by the National Library of Australia, all of the mainland state libraries, the Australian War Memorial, the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) and the National Gallery of Australia. This report to contributing participants on activities and developments in the 2018- 2019 financial year is provided in accordance with the National Library’s obligation as stated in section 6.2 (k) of the Memorandum of Understanding with participant agencies. 1.1 Consultation mechanisms The National Library continued to inform other PANDORA participants about the operation of PANDORA through an email discussion list, the PANDORA Wiki and a semi-regular newsletter distributed through email and the Wiki.
    [Show full text]
  • The Web As History. Using Web Archives to Understand the Past and the Present 2017
    Repositorium für die Medienwissenschaft Niels Brügger, Ralph Schroeder u.a. (Hg.) The Web as History. Using Web Archives to Understand the Past and the Present 2017 https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/3683 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Buch / book Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Brügger, Niels; Schroeder, Ralph (Hg.): The Web as History. Using Web Archives to Understand the Past and the Present. London: UCL Press 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/3683. Erstmalig hier erschienen / Initial publication here: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.9781911307563 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Creative Commons - This document is made available under a creative commons - Namensnennung 4.0 Lizenz zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Attribution 4.0 License. For more information see: Auskünfte zu dieser Lizenz finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 The Web Web The ‘No other work as cohesively, clearly, forcefully and successfully argues for the Web’s centrality in contemporary society and social science. While scholars of new media tend to turn their attention to the newest and latest new media phenomena, the Web is and will continue to be crucial to understanding online phenomena generally and, just as critically, providing a record of online discourse and events.’ – Steve Jones, UIC Distinguished Professor of Communication, as University of Illinois at Chicago History The World Wide Web has now been in use for more than 20 years. From early browsers to today’s principal source of information, entertainment and The much else, the Web is an integral part of our daily lives, to the extent that some people believe ‘if it’s not online, it doesn’t exist’.
    [Show full text]