How to Configure a 555 Timer IC 555 Timer Tutorial
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17 Electronics Assembly Basic Expe- Riments with Breadboard
118.381 17 Electronics Assembly Basic Expe- riments with BreadboardTools Required: Stripper Side Cutters Please Note! The Opitec Range of projects is not intended as play toys for young children. They are teaching aids for young people learning the skills of craft, design and technology. These projects should only be undertaken and operated with the guidance of a fully qualified adult. The finished pro- jects are not suitable to give to children under 3 years old. Some parts can be swallowed. Danger of suffocation! Article List Quantity Size (mm) Designation Part-No. Plug-in board/ breadboard 1 83x55 Plug-in board 1 Loudspeaker 1 Loudspeaker 2 Blade receptacle 2 Connection battery 3 Resistor 120 Ohm 2 Resistor 4 Resistor 470 Ohm 1 Resistor 5 Resistor 1 kOhm 1 Resistor 6 Resistor 2,7 kOhm 1 Resistor 7 Resistor 4,7 kOhm 1 Resistor 8 Resistor 22 kOhm 1 Resistor 9 Resistor 39 kOhm 1 Resistor 10 Resistor 56 kOhm 1 Resistor 11 Resistor 1 MOhm 1 Resistor 12 Photoconductive cell 1 Photoconductive cell 13 Transistor BC 517 2 Transistor 14 Transistor BC 548 2 Transistor 15 Transistor BC 557 1 Transistor 16 Capacitor 4,7 µF 1 Capacitor 17 Elko 22µF 2 Elko 18 elko 470µF 1 Elko 19 LED red 1 LED 20 LED green 1 LED 21 Jumper wire, red 1 2000 Jumper Wire 22 1 Instruction 118.381 17 Electronics Assembly Basic Experiments with Breadboard General: How does a breadboard work? The breadboard also called plug-in board - makes experimenting with electronic parts immensely easier. The components can simply be plugged into the breadboard without soldering them. -
Page 1 of 19 a Plethora of NE-555 Data
A Plethora Of NE-555 data - NE555 Tutorials Page Page 1 of 19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Copyright © January 28th 1996 ..... Brought to you by Unitech Electronics Pty. Ltd. Following in the footsteps of the "primitive" but quite successful 4 pin OM802 timer IC manufactured by Philips semiconductor way back in 1969, a new and very innovative IC known as the NE-555 timer IC was released to the masses, being introduced around May 1971 by the then Signetics Corporation, to become known as the NE-555 / SE-555. It was called "The Ubiquitous Timer chip" and was also the very first very mass-produced commercially produced timer IC available at that time.The designers had no real idea what product life it would have, nor how brilliantly successful it would be, lasting well over 25 years still in mass-production today. [1971- 1996 ] The NE-555 would prove to be a " hit " and provide Electronic Engineers, Circuit Designers and a host of "Hobby Tinkerers" with a relatively novel and highly economical timer chip that was indeed very stable at timing all the way up to its maximum timing or oscillating frequency of 200KHz and in a very short time proved to be a very "user-friendly" timer integrated circuit for both simple and complex monostable as well as brilliant astable applications. Invented by a clever Swiss born gentleman by the name of Hans R. Camenzind in 1970, the NE-555 went on to become a legend in the industry, Since this versatile device became commercially available in May 1971, a plethora of highly innovative and very unique and "ever-so-ingenious" circuits has emerged and many circuits have been developed and demonstrated to the "N-th" degree in a variety of reputed "trade-only" journals, professional "Engineering Monthly" Journals as well as the vast numbers of excellent hobbiest publications globally, the likes of SILICON CHIP (SC) and ELEKTOR , Practical Electronics (PE) , Electronics Australia (EA) and Electronics Today International (ETI) to name but just a few. -
Multivibrator Circuits
Multivibrator Circuits Bistable multivibrators Multivibrators Circuits characterized by the existence of some well defined states, amongst which take place fast transitions, called switching processes. A switching process is a fast change in value of a current or a voltage, the fast process implying the existence of positive reaction loops, or negative resistances. The switching can be triggered from outside, by means of command signals, or from inside, by slow charge accumulation and the reaching of a critical state by certain electrical quantities in the circuit. Circuits have two, well defined states, which can be either stable or unstable A stable state is a state, in which the circuit, in absence of a driving signal, can remain for an unlimited period of time The circuit can remain in an unstable state only for a limited period of time, after which, in the absence of any exterior command signals, it switches into the other state. The multivibrator circuits can be grouped, according to their number of stable (steady) states, into: - flip-flops (bistable circuits) with both states being stable - monostable circuits , having a stable and an unstable state - astable circuits , with both states being unstable Flip-flop circuits The main feature of the flip-flop circuits is the existence of two stable states, in which the circuit may remain for a long time. The switching from one state to the other is triggered by command signals Flip flop: an example for a sequential circuit (a circuit with outputs that present logical values depending on a certain sequence of signals, that have previously existed in the circuit). -
Npn Transistor Pnp Transistor
ELL 100 - Introduction to Electrical Engineering LECTURE 23: BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR (BJT) 1 CONTENTS • Introduction • Construction & working principle of BJT • Common-base and common-emitter circuits 2 BJT INTRODUCTION • Bipolar: Both electrons and holes (positively charged quasi- particles, absence of electron) contribute to current flow • Junction: Consists of an n- (or p-) type silicon sandwiched between two p- (or n-) type silicon regions • Transistor: 3-terminal device (Base, Emitter, Collector) Two types: npn & pnp 3 Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) 4 Various Types of General-Purpose or Switching Transistors: (a) Low Power (b) Medium Power (c) Medium to high power 5 First Working Transistor, Invented in 1947. Earliest Raytheon Blue transistors, Replica of 1st device made by first appearing in 1955 Shockley, Bardeen & Brattain at Bell Labs 6 Applications: Transistor As Switch 7 Applications: Transistor As Relay (Switch) Single channel 5V relay breakout board 8 Applications: Transistor As Amplifier TDA7297 Power Amplifier & Audio amplifier Module 9 Applications: Transistors in Radio 10 Applications: Transistor in Oscillator Colpitts Oscillator 11 Applications: Transistor in Oscillator Astable Multivibrator 12 Transistors in Timer Circuits 13 Transistor As NOT Gate 14 Transistors in NAND Gate 15 Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) The three terminals of the BJT are called the Base (B), the Collector (C) and the Emitter (E). n p p n n p npn transistor pnp transistor 16 Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) npn pnp 17 p-n-p Transistor IE, IB, IC – Emitter, Base and Collector currents VEB, VCB, VCE – Emitter-Base, Collector-Base and Collector-Emitter voltages 18 n-p-n Transistor IE, IB, IC – Emitter, Base and Collector currents VEB, VCB, VCE – Emitter-Base, Collector-Base and Collector-Emitter voltages 19 BJT Construction 20 Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Basic Principle The voltage between two terminals (B and E) controls the current through the third terminal (C). -
Introduction to Electronics and Breadboarding Circuits
Introduction to Electronics and Breadboarding Circuits What we're going to learn today: What is an electronic circuit? What kind of power is needed for these projects? What are the fundamental principles of electronics? What are the basic electronic components used in DC analog circuits? How do these principles combine to make interesting things? We're going to make some of those things, and you can take the kit, and the projects home with you. Class Parts List Breadboard 1 10uf capacitor 1 Wire kit 1 47uf 1 Red LEDs 3 100uf 1 Green LEDs 3 1000uf Cap 1 Yellow LEDs 1 1500uf cap 6.3v 1 Photoresistor 1 10k Resistors 1 xPiezo sensor 1 1k Resistors 1 Button 3 330 ohm Resistors 1 Slide button, switch 1 Reed switch 1 Potentiometer Hall effect sensor 1 Rare Earth Magnet 1 Tilt ball switch 1 Transistor pn2222 1 TIP120 1 Relay 1 RGB led 1 Dc toy motor 1 Diode 1n4001 1 Lm7805 1 Power connector 1 9v snap power connector 1 About parts Symmetric vs Asymmetric Polarized Physics and chemistry in a tiny package Explain Data Sheets What is electricity? What kinds are there? What can it do? What are the dangers? Batteries as a power source What kinds of batteries are there? What is a circuit? Combination of electronic parts, wires connected between power sources. It's like a physical program. It's also like setting up dominoes in sequence. What is a breadboard? What are they good for? Creatings, organizing, and prototyping a circuit. Literally started out as a bread board with nails. -
CSS555C Micropower Timer (With Internal Timing Capacitor) GENERAL PART DESCRIPTION the CSS555C Is a Micropower Version of the Popular 555 Timer IC
css Custom Silicon Solutions, Inc. CSS555C Micropower Timer (with Internal Timing Capacitor) GENERAL PART DESCRIPTION The CSS555C is a micropower version of the popular 555 timer IC. It features an operating current under 5µA and a minimum supply voltage of 1.2V, making it ideal for battery-operated applications. A six-decade programmable counter is included to allow generation of long timing delays. Configuration data for the counter is held in EEPROM to maintain the standard pin count of eight. The analog circuits are temperature compensated to provide excellent stability over a wide ambient temperature range. A simple four-wire interface provides Read/Write access to the EEPROM. The CSS555C device includes an internal precision timing capacitor (C TI ). Its value is trimmed to 100pF ±1%. Key Features Pin Configuration • Lowest power 555 timer (by > 10X)! Active mode current < 5 µA GND 1 CSS555C 8 V+ • Wide operating range TRIGGER 2 7 DISCHARGE Wide supply range: 1.2V to 5.5V OUTPUT 3 6 THRESHOLD Temperature range: -40°C to +85°C RESET 4 5 CONTROL V • Internal 6 decade, programmable counter PDIP or SOIC Settings = 1, 10, 10 2, 10 3, 10 4, 10 5 & 10 6 Multiplies delay time by up to 10 6 Figure 1 Delay times from microseconds to days • Internal 100pF, ±1% Timing Capacitor Typical Application Circuit User adjustable, 0.2pF resolution Long Period Delay Generator • Pin-for-pin compatible with 555 series timers VDD CSS555C RA Monostable or Astable operation 1 8 • Extremely low transient switching current Trigger 2 7 Output 3 6 RB “Break-Before-Make” -
Chapter 3: Oscillators and Waveform-Shaping Circuits
mywbut.com CHAPTER3:OSCILLATORSANDWAVEFORM-SHAPING CIRCUITS Inthedesignofelectronicsystems,theneed frequentlyarises forsignals havingprescribed standardwaveforms(e.g.,sinusoidal, square,triangle,pulse,etc).Thesewaveformsarecommonly usedincomputers,controlsystems,communicationsystemsandtestmeasurementsystems. Therearetwocommonwaysforgeneratingsinusoids: 1. Positivefeedbackloopwithnon-lineargainlimiting 2. Appropriatelyshapingotherwaveformssuchasatrianglewaves. Circuitsthatdirectlygeneratesquare,triangleandpulsewaveformsgenerallyemploycircuit blocksknownasmultivibrators.Threebasictypesarebistable,astableandmonostable. I.SINUSOIDALOSCILLATORS: Commonly referred to as linear sine-wave oscillators although some forms of non-linearity havetobeemployedtolimittheoutputamplitude.Analysisofthecircuitsismoredifficultass-plane analysis cannot be directly applied to the non-linear part of the circuit. The basic structure of a sinusoidal oscillator consists of an amplifier and a frequency selective network connected in a positivefeedbackloop. AmplifierA xS + Σ xO + xf Freq.Selective networkβ Figure1:Basicstructureofasinusoidaloscillator. Apositive-feedbackloopisformedbyanamplifierandafrequency-selectivenetwork.Inan actualoscillatorcircuit,noinputsignalwillbepresent;hereaninputsignalxsisemployedtohelp explaintheprincipleofoperation.NotethatthefeedbacksignalXFissummedwithapositivesign: A(s) A (s) = f 1− A(s) β (s) Theloopgainis: )s(L =A(s) β (s) Andthecharacteristicequationcanbewrittenas: 1-L(s)=0 If at a specific frequency -
Breadboards for Beginners Created by Lady Ada
Breadboards for Beginners Created by lady ada Last updated on 2018-08-22 03:56:03 PM UTC Guide Contents Guide Contents 2 Introduction 3 What's up with the name? 4 ~~ Interlude ~~ (Wire Wrapping) 5 1971 - The Breadboard Is Invented! 6 Breadboards 8 The curse of the flaky breadboard 10 Other Breadboard Sizes 11 Half Size 11 Tiny Breadboard 12 Little Breadboard Bits 13 Large Breadboard 15 Breadboard Usage 17 Adding DIPs and Modules 19 Jumper Wires 21 DIY Solid Core Wire Jumpers 21 Multi-size wire stripper & cutter 21 Hook-up Wire Spool Set - 22AWG Solid Core - 6 x 25 ft 21 Pre-made Jumper Wires 26 Premium Male/Male Jumper Wires - 40 x 3" (75mm) 26 Premium Male/Male Jumper Wires - 40 x 6" (150mm) 26 Premium Male/Male Jumper Wires - 40 x 12" (300mm) 26 Perma Protos 27 Adafruit Perma-Proto Quarter-sized Breadboard PCB - Single 29 Adafruit Perma-Proto Full-sized Breadboard PCB - Single 30 Adafruit Perma-Proto Mint Tin Size Breadboard PCB 30 Adafruit Perma-Proto Small Mint Tin Size Breadboard PCB - 3 pack 30 Breadboard Tips & Tricks 31 Connecting the two power rails 31 Watch Out For Split Rails! 32 Using Fritzing! 32 © Adafruit Industries https://learn.adafruit.com/breadboards-for-beginners Page 2 of 34 Introduction When you start on your electronics journey, you will eventually need to wire up some parts to follow along with some project. And, chances are, you will be prodded towards using a breadboard. These ubiquitous pale slabs of plastic are everywhere when it comes to electronics hacking. -
Optically Operated Circuit to Sense the Intensity of the Surrounding Light
1 Optically Operated Circuit to Sense the Intensity of the surrounding Light PRUTHVI.K.S ,, ABHIRAM.RDr.AIT, Bangalore and , TEJUS. P , Dr.AIT [email protected] Abstract—The transistor is the key active component in II. BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR BIASING practically all modern electronics, and is considered by many to be A very proper biasing of transistor is a very crucial measure one of the greatest inventions of the twentieth century. Transistors are invariably used in tremendous applications but its use is mostly for any transistor operation that decides the performance and as integrated form. The essential usefulness of a transistor comes efficiency of the device. There are many ways of biasing a from its ability to use a small signal applied between one pair of its BJT but the very stable way of biasing is the voltage divider terminals to control a much larger signal at another pair of configuration and hence it is been implemented in our light terminals. This property is called gain. This is the only basic intensity sensing circuit. In this section we discuss on the principle used to make an Optically Operated Circuit. An LED various ways of biasing a BJT and finally conclude that the (Light Emitting Diode) connected at the output pair of terminals voltage divider way of biasing is the best. light whose intensity is proportional to the surrounding light intensity. Case 1(Using two supplies) Keywords—Transistor biasing, LDR, phototransistors, 555 timer circuit, relay. I. INTRODUCTION he transistor is the fundamental building block of modern T electronic devices, and is ubiquitous in modern electronic systems. -
(EE2490 Experiment1.Doc Nwp 8/23/16) CALIFORNIA STATE
(EE2490_Experiment1.doc nwp 8/23/16) CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY LOS ANGELES Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering EE-2449 Digital Logic Lab EXPERIMENT 1 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Required hardware and tools: Breadboard with test circuitry, 15 KΩ (Kilo Ohm) resistor (brown-green- orange), 2.2 KΩ resistor (red-red-red), 330 Ω resistor (orange-orange-brown), 2 green LEDs, 2N4124 NPN Silicon Transistor, AL 21649 pushbutton switch, breadboard wires, and logic probe. Resistor Color Code Conversion Calculator: To help you determine the value of resistors, you can use this calculator: http://www.digikey.com/en/resources/conversion-calculators/conversion-calculator-resistor- color-code-4-band. Note: While conducting the experiment you should record the circuit diagrams of circuits you are building, record observations from experimenting with the circuits, and record your answers to the questions throughout the experiment in your lab journal (a composition book). If you have not had a chance to purchase the composition book, for the first experiment you can use a piece of paper that you will paste into your lab journal. Every section that requires you to build a circuit and test it has an asterisk (*). For those sections, demonstrate the working circuit to your lab instructor. They will sign off on your experiment. You can often build multiple circuits or variations before getting a sign off and then demonstrate the various versions of the circuit together to your instructor. 1.1 Simply defined, an electric circuit is a closed loop where through which charges (electrons) can continually flow. Electric circuits can be analog or digital. -
IEEE Iot Sketch01 – Blink
Internet of Things Weather Station IEEE Northern Virginia Section Hands-On Professional Development Series October 29, 2016 Montgomery College Unboxing & Sketch 01-Blink 2 10/29/2016 Course Materials All course materials are at: http://w4krl.com/projects/ieee-iot/2016october/ Download the construction slides so that you can follow along: – IEEE IoT Sketch01 – Blink – IEEE IoT Sketch02 – Hello World – IEEE IoT Sketch03 – Standalone Weather Station – IEEE IoT Sketch04 – IoT Weather Station – IEEE IoT Sketch05 – Smartphone Weather Station (if time is available) We will download Arduino sketches and libraries when needed. There are links to software, schematics, data sheets, and tutorials. 3 10/29/2016 Project Road Map 4 10/29/2016 Parts List Jumpers Power Supply Dual Voltage 4-Wire Regulator Jumper Micro USB Liquid Crystal Cable Display NodeMCU Level Shifter BME280 BH1750 LEDs (2) Resistors (2) Breadboard Switch Keep the small parts in the bag for now. 5 10/29/2016 Microcontroller A microcontroller is a System on Chip computer –Processor, memory, analog & digital I/O, & radio frequency circuits Embedded in a device with a dedicated purpose Generally low power and often battery powered Program is stored in firmware & is rarely changed Has multiple digital General Purpose Input / Output, analog-to-digital conversion, pulse width modulation, timers, special purpose I/O 6 10/29/2016 ESP8266 Timeline January 2014 - Introduced by Expressif Systems of Shanghai as a Wi-Fi modem chip. Early adopters used Hayes “AT” commands generated by an Arduino or Raspberry Pi. Not breadboard friendly. No FCC certification. October 2014 - Expressif released the Software Development Kit (SDK) making its use as a slave modem obsolete. -
I. Introduction
EXPERIMENT 7. SCHMITT TRIGGER AND MULTIVIBRATOR CIRCUITS I. Introduction I.I Objectives The purpose of this experiment is to get familiar with different types of Schmitt trigger and multivibrator circuits and their implementations. I.II. Prerequisites You are expected to get familiar with the basics of the Schmitt trigger and multivibrator circuits. You can start reading your lecture notes and the section titled “CMOS Schmitt Trigger Circuits,” from your text book by Thomas A. Demassa and Zack Ciccone (pages 437-439). These pages are the introduction parts, and they explain what basically hysteresis is, and why it may be needed. However, that chapter explains digital Schmitt trigger circuits. What we construct in the laboratory are analog ones. Detailed information on these analog Schmitt trigger circuits and multivibrator circuits can be found in “Microelectronics Circuits” by Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith. Reading these two references and completing the preliminary work will help you to understand the topic prior to your actual lab session and also it will help you in interpreting your experiment results. Experiment 7: Schmitt Triggers and Multivibrator Circuits All Rights Reserved. (e-mail: [email protected] ) by Eren Aydın and Barış Bayram © 2015 Page 1 of 7 II. Preliminary Work 1) Draw IC. Explain the aim of the the internal block diagram of 555 timer components inside 555 timer. 2) Consider the monostable multivibrator circuit given in Fig. What kind of input signal should be applied to the circuit for proper operation? Explain operation principle of this circuit in detail drawing required graphs. Moreover1 design a circuit doing the same operation using NAND gates, an inductor and a resistor.