Speech Act in the Captain Marvel Movie a Thesis By

SPEECH ACT IN THE CAPTAIN MARVEL MOVIE

A THESIS

ARIA ARIZKI

REG. NO. 130705034

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2020

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. My first sincere gratitude is addresses to the mightiest Allah SWT, and also to the prophet Muhammad SAW for the gracious mercy and tremendeous blessings that enable me in completing this thesis as one of the requirements to achievethe Bachelor’s Degree from Department of English at

Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumetera Utara.

I would like to thank the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of

Sumatera Utara Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. Also, thank to Head of Department of

English Prof. Tengku Silvana Sinar, M.A.,Ph.D and the Secretary of Department of

English Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D. I also would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Supervisor, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D who have contributed and given the valuable evaluations, comments, suggestions, attentions, and supports during the completion and accomplishing of this thesis. And also my gratitude to all the lecturers in Department of English who have taught me during my study with the knowledge in their respective fields.

My very special gratitude is for my beloved parents, my father Samsudi, the greatest man who always cares for me and give me extract support in writing this thesis and my mother Anilawati, the best woman I ever had who always pray for me, always listens to my sad yet happy story in writing and finishing this thesis. Thank you for always give prayers, support, advices, and loves to me so I could be in the greatest situation. Because so far, the biggest thing I’ve made in my life is to become a bachelor’s degree, and I hope this will make you both to quite proud of me. For my

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA dear brother and sister Andre Swandi, Anindi Syafitri, Alya Rahmadina, thank you for your support that we always share together. We may fight sometimes, we may argue, but I always have a lot of love for you.

I also want to thank to my precious friends who always help me and give me a suggestion, thankyou for being in my life. Thankyou for being my friend who always give sharing all of the problem, support and give the suggestion.

The last, I want to thank to my classmates English Literature B 2013, thank for giving a beautiful memories during this study. Finally I hope that this thesis will give a positive contribution to the educational development or those who want to carry out further research.

Medan

Aria Arizki

130705034

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT

The title of this study is Speech Act In The Captain Marvel Movie. Speech act is utterance define in term of speaker’s intention and the effect of listeners. This thesis find out the illocution act uttered by main character in Captain Marvel Movie. Next, analize the effect of perlocutionary act expected by the speaker to the hearer’s responses in the Captain Marvel movie. This thesis used John. R. Searle’s theory to categorize type of illocution acts that devided into five types, they are representatives, declarations, commissives, directives, and expressive. This thesis is descriptive qualitative study which provide a qualitative description on speech acts.

Based on the analysis of the 20 data randomly from the Captain Marvel’s manuscript, representation illocution act is more dominant and 19 data of the illocutionary act in this conversation get many perlocutionary act.

Keywords : Speech Acts, Illocution, Perlocution, Captain Marvel.

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK

Judul dari penelitian ini adalah Tindak Tutur Dalam Film Captain Marvel. Tindak tutur adalah ujaran yang dodefinisikan dalam kaitannya dengna niat pembicara dan pengaruh pendengarnya. Tesis ini membahas tindak ilokusi yang diucapkan oleh tokoh utama dalam film captain marvel. Selanjutnya menganalisis pengaruh tindakan perlokusi yang diharapkan pembicara terhadap respon pendengar dalam film Captain

Marvel. Tesis ini menggunakan teori John R Searle untuk mengkategorikan jenis ilokusi yang terbagi lima yaitu representative, deklaratif, kommisif, direktif dan ekspresif. Tesis ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dekskriptif yang memberikan gambaran kualitatif tentang tindak tutur. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap 20 data secara acak dari naskah Captain Marvel, tindak ilokusi representative lebih dominan dan 19 data tindak ilokusi dalam percakapan ini mendapatkan banyak tindak perlokusi.

Kata Kunci : Tindak Tutur, Ilokusi, Perlokusi, Captain Marvel.

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... iii

ABSTRACT ...... vii

ABSTRAK ...... viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... ix

CHAPTER I ...... 1

INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1 Background of the Study ...... 1

1.2 Problems of The Study ...... 5

1.3 Objectives of The Study ...... 5

1.4 Scope of The Study ...... 6

1.5 Significance of The Study ...... 6

CHAPTER II ...... 7

REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...... 7

2.1 Theoretical framework ...... 7

2.2 Pragmatics ...... 7

2.3 Speech Act ...... 10 ix

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.3.1 Types of Speech Acts ...... 12

2.3.2 The Classification of Speech Act ...... 15

2.4 Movie ...... 18

CHAPTER III ...... 21

METHOD OF THE STUDY ...... 21

3.1 Data and Data Source ...... 21

3.2 Data Collecting Procedure ...... 21

3.3 Data Selecting Procedure ...... 22

3.4 Data Analysis Method ...... 23

CHAPTER IV ...... 24

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ...... 24

4.1 Types of illocutionary act uttered by the main characters in the Captain Marvel movie

...... 24

4.2 The Perlocutionary Act Expected by The Speaker to The Hearer’s Responses in The

Captain Marvel Movie ...... 37

CHAPTER V ...... 46

CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION ...... 46

5.1 Conclusion ...... 46

5.2. Suggestion ...... 47

REFERENCES ...... 48

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Language, a system of conventional spoken, manual (signed), or written symbols by means of which human beings, as members of a social group and participants in its culture, express themselves. The functions of language include communication, the expression of identity, play, imaginative expression, and emotional release. In daily life, language is also used to express human feelings.

Through language, people can share their ideas to other people. Besides, Language according to Soenjono Djarjowidjojo is a kind of an oral arbitrary symbol used by several people to communicate and interact each other, adjusting to a particular culture (Djarjowidjojo 2010: 16). In communication, human convey the information each other, such as thought, concept, purpose, feeling and also conveying emotions directly, in this communication process, speech event and speech act are happened together in one of act situation.

Utterance as the part of spoken language could be said as the main point in speech acts. Utterance means what is said by anyone person before or after another person begins to speak (Richard et al, 1985:302). It means that when people have a conversation, there occurs utterances. People perform action through that utterance.

Austin (in Yule, 1996) called it speech acts. Utterances also occur in a movie in which the conversation happens among the characters. The writer a movie to be

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA analyzed and then it will be classified into types of Perlocutionary and Illocutionary

Acts in which belong with speech acts.

Searle (1969:16) assures that all linguistic communication involves linguistic acts. The unit of linguistic communication is not only symbol, word or sentence, or even the token of the symbol, word or sentence, but rather the production or issuance of the symbol or word or sentence in the performance the speech acts. It means that speech acts tend to use spoken language than written form Speech act is a kind of verbal communication. The words speech acts are derived from two words are speech and act. Speech is the utterance that occurs and act means action. That is the reason why people have to interprate the meaning of comunication or language through speech acts. Many times, in conversation people not only saying, but also forcing the hearer to do something. When the hearer is doing an act it means he or she is doing illocutionary acts. The hearer tends to do action. In that conversation people are also possible to influence the hearer (affecting effects). When the speaker sucessfully affects the hearer,it means perlocutionary acts can be performed well. In perlocutionary act the hearer is allowed to make an interpretation on conversation. If it happens in conversation, it means speech acts are applied.

Movie is an art form whose moving picture. Movie, for many people in the world is an important part of their way of life. According Kridalaksana (1984 : 32)

“Movie is the mass media that have the nature of see heard (audio visual) and can reach the audience that much”. Movie also uses the communication makes people enable to have more interaction with others to convey their ideas, feelings, or thoughts. The communications that happened around people must be said clearly so

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA that others understand us. It means that someone says appropriately and the message accepted by someone who talk with us.

In communication, people use language for asking or giving information, describing elements and others. Languages has a big position in our life in communication. Common people make communication unstructured. This is not become problem because the most important of that is their speech can be understood and accepted by others. It is equally with the argument of Parker (1986:12) that

―what people have to do in communication is how they use language to communicate rather than the way of language is structured internall”. Like what Yule (1996:47) said that ―in the effort to express and asserting himself, people not only produce grammatical structure sentences but they also produce or show actions in that language”.

In this research, the writer aims to investigate a movie by title Captain Marvel is a 2019 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Carol

Danvers. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios

Motion Pictures, it is the 21st film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was written and directed by Anna Boden and Ryan Fleck, with Nicole Perlman,

Meg LeFauve, and Geneva Robertson-Dworet also contributing to the screenplay.

Brie Larson stars as Danvers, alongside Samuel L. Jackson, Ben Mendelsohn,

Djimon Hounsou, Lee Pace, Lashana Lynch, Gemma Chan, Annette Bening, Clark

Gregg, and Jude Law. Set in 1995, the story follows Danvers as she becomes Captain

Marvel after Earth is caught in the center of a galactic conflict between two alien civilizations.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Development of the film began as early as May 2013. It was officially announced in October 2014 as Marvel Studios' first female-led superhero film.

Perlman and LeFauve were hired as a writing team the following April after submitting separate takes on the character. The story borrows elements from Roy

Thomas's 1971 "Kree–Skrull War" comic book storyline. Larson was announced as

Danvers at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con, with Boden and Fleck hired to direct in

April 2017. Robertson-Dworet soon took over scripting duties, with the remainder of the cast added by the start of filming. Location shooting began in January 2018, with principal photography beginning that March in California before concluding in

Louisiana in July 2018. Jackson and Gregg—who, among others, reprise their roles from previous MCU films—were digitally de-aged in post-production to reflect the film's 1990s setting.

In Captain Marvel movie contains many illocutionary acts, the illocutionary act is analyzed based on context; it is about what’s going on behind the text. Context is the background knowledge assumed to be shared by speaker and hearerand which contributes to hearer’s interpretation of what speaker means by given utterance

(Leech 1983:13).

There are some categories of illocutionary act which has been stated by Searle;

Representative, Directives, Commissives, Expressives, and Declaratives (Searle

1969: 12-20) after the illocutionary act is uttered by the speaker there will be the result of the words this act is known as ―perlocutionary effect‖ it is the effect on the hearer, hearer’s reaction (Cutting 2002:16). The effect can be occurred based on the hearer’s power, the hearer may follow or not the illocutionary act from the speaker.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The writer is interested in analyzing the perlocutionary effect of illocutionary act toward the hearers which contains in the movie scripts, because illocutionary act is the important part in understanding speech act and it has a significant effect in communication which is the act of doing something, and also in order to know hearer’s response well about what speaker is saying or usually called perlocutionary act. The writer will analyze illocutionary act which is find in this study as the main focus in this research, such as representative, directive, expressive, declarative and commissive.

1.2 Problems of The Study

In accordance with the background of the study, the problem of this study are formulated as:

1. What are types of illocutionary act uttered by the main characters in the Captain

Marvel movie?

2. How does the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker to the hearer’s

responses in the Captain Marvel movie?

1.3 Objectives of The Study

The objectives of the study are summarized as follows:

1. To find out the types of illocutionary act uttered by the main characters in the

Captain Marvel movie.

2. To analyze the effects of perlocutionary act expected by the speaker to the

hearer’s responses in the Captain Marvel movie.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.4 Scope of The Study

The writer will analyze the speech act which uttered by the main characters in the Captain Marvel movie. The research focuses on the text of the script’s movie by a pragmatic approach, which contains illocutionary acts by John. R. Searle, as a part of speech act in several characters and several scenes. This research will also focus on the perlocutionary effect of hearers in the Captain Marvel movie in 2019, was written and directed by Anna Boden and Ryan Fleck, with Nicole Perlman, Meg

LeFauve, and Geneva Robertson-Dworet also contributing to the screenplay.

1.5 Significance of The Study

It was becoming useful that the significant of this study can contribute to better understanding of studying language development that processing information an idea through is function. The significance of the study are in theoretically and practically.

Theoretically, the result of this research can be a reference for the researches or those who want to conduct a research in literary works process in linguistics field especially on Perlocutionary and illocutionary acts. Practically, it can enrichthe research of linguistic fields in this university, especially the English Department,

Faculty of Cultural Studies specially to speech act in a movie.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Theoretical framework

In this chapter, the writer present the several theories about this study and use a theory in related research to allow this research to get the same perception between the writer and the reader. These absolutely about speech act definition and also the theory. In addition, the writer also discusses about the definition of film or movie.

Then, the writer should find some related theories that concern to object of the study.

2.2 Pragmatics

According to Cruse (2006:16) pragmatic is concerned with aspect of informationn (in the widest sense) conveyed through language which are not encoded by generally accepted convention in the linguistc form used but which none the less arise naturally out of and depend on the meaning conventionally encoded in the linguistic form used, taken in conjunction with the context in the forms are used

(emphasis added).

On the other hand, Mey (1993 : 4-5), Pragmatics tells about the right to use language in various, unconventional ways, as long as people know what they are doing to deliver their purposes. Pragmatic is the science of lnguage seen in relation to its users which is used by the Gibsoniam term as the science of language as it is used by people for their own purposes and within their limitation and affordances.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Another definition of pragmatic is stated by Yule. Yule (1996 : 4) states that pragmatics is the study of relationship between linguistic forms and the uses of those forms. Yule (1996 : 4) also have four areas that pragmatics is concerned with.

1. Pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning.

Pragmatic is concerned with the study meaning as comunicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or reader). It has consequently more to do with the analysis of people mean by their utterances than what the words or phrases in those utterances might mean by themselves.

2. Pragmatics is the study of contextual meaning.

What people said usually tied with the context of conversation. This type of study necessarily involves the interpretation of what people mean in a praticular context and how the context influences what is said. It requires a consideration of how speakers organize what they want to say in accordance with who they are talking to, where, when, and under what circumstances.

3. Pragmatics is the study of how more gets communicated that is said.

Pragmatic is also necessarily explores how listeners can make inferences about what it said in order to arrive at an interpretation of speaker’s intended meaning. This type of study explores how a great deal of what is unsaid is recognized an part what is communicated.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4. Pragmatics is the study of the expression of relative distance.

This perspective then raises the question of what determines the choice between the said and unsaid. The basic answer is tied to the notion of distance closeness, whether it is physical, social, or conceptual, implies shared experience. On the assumption of how close or distance the listener is, speaker determine how much needs to be said.

In the research, we san not simply judge it is meaning through words people say. Beyond these words, there are several aspect of the context which we must be aware of. In line with the research, Richard and Schmidt (2002) echoes that pragmatics is the study of the use language in communication related to sentences and the context and situations in which they are used.

In linguistics, pragmatic studies how people comprehend to mean something and procedure a communicative act or speech act in concrete speech situation. Which usually a conversation and become the briding the explanation gap between sentences meaning of the sentences, while the speaker is trying convey.

Pragmatics is the aspects of meaning is used in communication among speaker, utterance and adresser which can not be predicted. There some concept in pragmatics, such as deixis, references and inference, presupposition, entailment, implicature and speech acts.

Based on explanation about pragmatics above, Pragmatics is study of contextual meaning. Pragmatics is study of just those aspects of the relationship between language and context that are relevant to the writing and grammars.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.3 Speech Act

Every component of speech act takes a part to succeed the way of communication. A speech acts is an utterance that serve a function in a communication. People do not only produce contain in gramatical structures and words, but the also perform action via utterances. Speech acts is subdivision of pragmatics. Speech acts comes from two words is speech and acts. It is mean speech refers to utterances and act refers to action.

In linguistic, speech act is utterance defined in terms of speaker’s intention and the effect it has on listener. Speech acts might be requests, warnings, promises, apologises, greetings, dares, challenges, or any number of declaration. As you might imagine, speech acts are an important part of communication.

Speech act theorist try to explain what people do when a sentence is uttered.

For example, when a speaker says ―turn off the lights!‖ this speaker performs the ast of ordering and also expects the hearer to recognize the speaker’s intention by going to turn off the lights. Actions performed when the speakers utter the sentence are called speech acts.

This idea shows that when people utter statements, they do not only utter the sound or words with grammatical structure, but they also perform some actions in the process of speaking. There are many theorists mentioning about speech acts, and the most mentioned is Austin.

The earliest ideas of speech act theory is defined ny Britsh philosopherAustin in his 1959 book, „How to Do Things with Words‟. It is simple title but it is true .

According to Austin (1962:169) states that the study of speech acts is how we do

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA things with utterances. Bach (1979) speech acts are acts to communication. To comunicate is express a certain attitude and the type of speech act being performed corresponds to the type of attitude being expressed. As an act of communication, aspeech act succeds if the audience identifies, in accordance with the speaker’s intention, the attitude beig expressed.

According Searle (1993:111) the unit of linguistic communication is not symbol word or sentence, but rather the production of the symbol or word or sentence in the perfomance of the speech act. Speech acts are the basic of linguistuc communication.

Grundy (2008:71) states that speech acts are language as action. Speech acts, which explore the performative nature of utterances, are the ways in which what people say to each other force as well as content. There is an intention as content of what people say that is delivered via language with its force to get the messgae inside the utterance.

Yule (1997:345) these descriptive terms for different kinds of speech acts apply to the speaker’s communicative intention in producing an utterance the speaker normally expects that his or her communicative intention will be recognized by the hearer. Yule (1997) also states that speech acts are action perfomed via utterances which has more specific labels, such as apology, compliment, invitation, request, complaint, or promise. There terms apply to the speaker’s communicative in producing an utterance.

Yule (1996:48) writes on his book that in every occasin, speesh act that produced action by performing some utterance, consists of three elements indeed. It

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA is appropriate with Austin (1965) that isolates three basic senses in wich in saying something one is doaing something. In this condition, there are three basic kinds of acts perform in their speech :

2.3.1 Types of Speech Acts

According to Searle (1969:23), we perform different kinds of acts when we speak. The utterances we use are locutions. Most locutions express someintent that a speaker has. They are illocutionary acts and have an illocutionary force. A speaker can also use different locutions to achieve the same illocutionary force or use one locution for many different purposes. Illocutions also often cause listeners to do things. To that extent they are perlocutionary acts. (Wardhaugh 2006:277)

Austin made a three-fold distinction:

Locution: the actual words uttered.

Illocution: the force or intention behind the words.

Perlocution: the effect o f the illocution on the hearer.

For example, I might say: It's hot in here! (Locution), meaning: I want some fresh air! (Illocution) and the Perlocutionary effect might be that someone opens the window (Thomas 1995: 49). Austin states that there are three kinds of the different act; Locutionary act, Illocutionary act, and Perlocutionary act (Austin 1962:236).

1. Locutionary Act

Locutionary act is called as the act of saying something (Riemer 2010: 109).

This is the basic act of utterance or producing a meaningful linguistic expression

(Yule 1996: 48). In other words, the production of sounds and words with meaning, 12

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA for instance, an utterance such as: ―I just resigned‖. However the utterance purely descriptive statement, which does not change the universe employment of mine, only reports on such a change (Mey 2001:122).

It refers to the fact that we must use words or sentences if we are to sayanything at all (Wardhaugh2006:277). For example, when someone said ―you can’t do that‖, it’s a simple act that is performed in saying something, in this case the saying of speaker. The locution was the utterances itself ―you can’t do that‖

(Levinson 1983: 237).

2. Illocutionary Act

According to Wijana, illocutionary act is called ―the act of doing something‖

(Wijana 1996:18) we form an utterance with some kind of function in mind. This is the second dimension or the illocutionary act. The illocutionary act is performed via the communicative force of an utterance (Yule 1996:48). Illocutionary acts have to do with the intents of speakers such as stating, questioning, promising or commanding (Wardhaugh 2006:277). The illocutionary act is analyzed based on context; it is about what’s going on behind the text. Context is the background knowledge assumed to be shared by s (speaker) and h (hearer) and which contributes to hearer’s interpretation of what speaker means by given utterance (Leech 1983:13).

For example, ―it feels hot, isn’t?‖ To find the illocutionary aspect in thissentence, it ought to relate to the context when this utterance occurs. Another example ―Shut the door!‖ based on the example, it means people want somebody to close the door, on the other hand, it is called an order statement which the speaker intends to order people for the self-importance. The illocutionary act relates to the speaker’s purpose.

In other words, every speaker has certain purposes by uttering utterances. 13

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The purpose of illocutionary act is to produce the utterance known as illocutionary force. By using illocutionary force, the speaker informs something in conversation or communication. Then that information will be received by the hearer. The illocutionary act succeeds to achieve the perlocutionary effect.Actually, illocutionary act is rather difficult to be identified than locutionary act because we have to consider who will be the speaker and the hearer are, when and where the speech acts occurr. Thus, the illocutionary act is central of understanding speech act

(Wijana1996:19).

3. Perlocutionary Act

Perlocutionary act is the act of producing an effect in the hearer by means of the utterance (Riemer 2010:109). In perlocutionary, there is an influence affect. The speaker tries to influence the hearer to do what he/she wants to do.

Perlocutionary act is the hearer’s reaction toward the speaker’s utterance.

Thus, an utterance can cause the hearer to do something. In addition, perlocutionary act is an act to influence the hearer such as, embarrassing, intimidating, and persuading and so on (Nadar 2003: 15). Perlocutionary act is the effect created by illocutionary act to the hearer, such as shocking, misleading, and convincing and so on. This act is also known as, ―the act of affecting someone‖ (Wijana 1996: 20).

Illocutions also often cause listeners to do things. To that extent they are perlocutionary acts. If you say ―I bet you a dollar he’ll win‖ and I say ―On‖, your illocutionary act of offering a bet has led to my perlocutionary uptake of accepting it.

The perlocutionary force of your words is to get me to bet, and you have succeeded

(Wardhaugh 2006: 277).

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The contrasts between illocutions, perlocutions, and other speech act categories have typically been illustrated by lists of verbs and verb like expressions. For example:

Illocutionary: report, announce, predict, admit, opine, ask, reprimand, request, suggest, order, propose, express, congratulate, promise, thank, exhort.

Perlocutionary: bring hearer to learn that, persuade, deceive, encourage, irritate, frighten, amuse, get hearer to do, inspire, impress, distract, get hearer to think about, relieve tension, embarrass, attract attention, bore (Leech 1983:203).

2.3.2 The Classification of Speech Act

The classifications of speech act based on the theory of Searle (in

Yule,1996:53) defines that there are five types of general functions performed by speech acts, they are representatives, declarations, commissives, directives, and expressive.

1. Representatives

The speaker expresses his belief about the truth of a proposition.

Representatives are those kinds of speech acts that state what the speaker believes to be the case or not, such as statement of fact, assertions, conclusionsand descriptions. They are all examples of the speakers representing the world as their believe it (Searle in Yule. 1996:53). Thus, statements of facts, assertions, conclusions, and descriptions are all examples of the speaker representing the world as he or she believes it is. ―The earth is flat‖, ―It was a warm sunny day‖, in these examples is illustrated the above mentioned.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2. Declarations

The speaker changes the word via utterance, in using declaration; the speaker must have the institutional role, in a specific context, in order to perform a declaration appropriately. Declarations are those kind of speech act that change the world through their utterances. The given examples below ilustrate,the speaker has to have a special institutional role in a specific context in order to perform a declaration appropriately: ―Priest: I now pronounce you husband and wife‖, ―Referee: You‟re out!‖, ―Jury Forceman: We find the defendantguilty‖(Searle in Yule, 1996:53).

3. Commissives

The speaker indicates that he will do something in future. Commissives are those kindsof speech acts that speakers use to commit themselves to some future action. They express what the speaker intends, suchas promise, threat, warning, and refusal. They can be performed by the speaker alone, or by speaker as a member of a group (Searle in Yule, 1996:54). For example: ―I’ll be back‖,

―I’m going to get it right next time‖, ―We wiil not do that‖.

4. Directives

Thespeaker wants the listener to do something. Directives are those kinds of speech acts that speakers use to get someone else to do something. They express what the speaker wants, such as commands, orders, requests, suggestions, etc.

They can be positive ornegative (Searle in Yule 1996:54).As illustrated in these examples: ―Give me a cup of coffee. Make it black‖, ―Could you lend me a pen, please?‖, ―Don’t touch that‖.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 5. Expressives

The speaker expresses his feelings; it can be statements of pleasure, pain, like,dislikes, etc. Expressivesare those kinds of speech acts that state what the speaker feels, such as pain, like, dislike, joy or sorrow, complimenting, congratulating, thanking, and welcoming. As illustrated in the examples below, they can be caused by something the speaker does or the hearer does, but they are about the speaker’s experience (Searle in Yule 1996:53), ―I’m really sorry‖,

―Congratulations‖, ―Oh, yes, great!‖.

Thus, the other examples of the representatives are as in the sentence, ―I state that it is raining‖ and ―I predict he will come‖. Declarations are such as ―I now pronounce you man and wife‖ and ―I declare the meeting adjourned‖.

Commissives sentences are as ―I promise to pay you the money‖, and ―I pledge allegiance to the flag‖, and ―I vow to get revenge‖. Directives are such sentences as

―I order you to leave‖ and ―I command you to stand at attention‖. The example of the expressives are ―I apologize for stepping on your toe‖ and ―I congratulate you on winning the race‖. From the explanations and examples above, it can be concluded that in using declaration, the speaker change the world via words, in using representatives, the speaker makes words fit the world (of believe), in using expressive, the speaker makes words fit the world (of feeling), in using a declarations, the speaker attempts to make the world fit the words (via the hearer), and using a commissive, the speaker undertakes to make the world fit

the words (via the speaker).

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.4 Movie

Movie is defined as a motion picture considered especially as a source ofentertainment or as an art form (Webster’s third new international dictionary,1981:1480). In the movie, we can also see some parts of people’s live.

Although not all parts of movie is the representation of real lives, we can somehow take it as live that people have. According Graham (2005:117) states that a film has advantages as a method of recording real people and historical events, and largely values such as.

Captain Marvel, is an extraterrestrial Kree warrior who finds herself caught in the middle of an intergalactic battle between her people and the Skrulls. Living on

Earth in 1995, she keeps having recurring memories of another life as U.S. Air Force pilot Carol Danvers. With help from Nick Fury, Captain Marvel tries to uncover the secrets of her past while harnessing her special superpowers to end the war with the evil Skrulls..

Set in the 1990s, Marvel Studios’ ―Captain Marvel‖ is an all-new adventure from a previously unseen period in the history of the Marvel Cinematic Universe that follows the journey of Carol Danvers as she becomes one of the universe’s most powerful heroes. While a galactic war between two alien races reaches Earth,

Danvers finds herself and a small cadre of allies at the center of the maelstrom.

In late December 2018, the film was named as the most anticipated 2019 film by IMDb, the most anticipated new standalone comic book film and the second-most anticipated blockbuster of 2019 according to the ticketing service Fandango, and the second-most anticipated superhero and overall film by Atom Tickets.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Ahead of the film's release, Captain Marvel's "Want to See" score—an audience anticipation poll on Rotten Tomatoes—had fallen to 28%. Reports described the decline as an effort by some to review bomb the film's page with negative comments attacking the film and Larson for their perceived feminism.

Rotten Tomatoes changed the "Want to See" feature shortly after, showing only the number of people indicating interest in the film instead of a percentage. The announcement said this was part of a larger redesign of the site, and that the "Want to

See" feature would be restored once the film was released. By 8:00 a.m. on opening day in the United States, the film held a 33% audience score on Rotten Tomatoes from more than 58,000 reviews, which was more audience reviews than Avengers:

Infinity War had during its entire theatrical run. Analysts attributed the low score and sheer number of reviews to online trolling. Rotten Tomatoes later said a bug was responsible for the high count of reviews, and by 1:00 p.m. the number of counted ratings was down to 7,000 with an audience score of 35%. As of March 20, 2020, the audience score was at 48% based on just over 94,620 ratings.

Audiences of the film polled by CinemaScore gave it an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 84% overall positive score and a 73% "definite recommend". 58% said it met their expectations while 35% said it exceeded them. Unlike Wonder Woman, which was watched by more women than men, Captain Marvel's initial audience was 61% male according to

PostTrak. Discussing these statistics, Deadline Hollywood's Anthony D'Alessandro praised CinemaScore and PostTrak for taking scientific polls that actually identified how the audience was feeling about the film, and criticized the Rotten Tomatoes

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA audience score as an "ancient 1990s means of collecting opinions online" that is influenced by "ugly Internet troll noise".

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER III

METHOD OF THE STUDY

Method of the study is one of the important things to analyze the data and to collecting the data. Method of the study is used scientifically to get data and purpose of study. Here, the writer will explain type of data, data source, data collection, and data analysis. So, it will help the writer to clarify the data which be analyzed in this study.

3.1 Data and Data Source

The writer focuses on utterance found in Captain Marvel Movie was produced in

2019. This study focused on types of illocutionary and the effect of perlocutionary.

Captain Marvel is a 2019 American Sci-Fi Action Adventure Film directed by Anna

Boden and Ryan Fleck, with Nicole Perlman, Meg LeFauve, and Geneva Robertson-

Dworet.

3.2 Data Collecting Procedure

In this study the writer used descriptive qualitative method. This study deals as a kind of research procedure that generates descriptive data in words and languages form (Moleong, 2009:3). The purpose of qualitative research is to understand something specifically, not always looking for the cause and effect of something and to deepen comprehension about something that studied (Moleong, 2009:31). The result of descriptive qualitative not shows with statistic procedures in analyzing the data, but the results present data inform of description. It is because of the data that collected was words and may pictures, not numeral data. Because of this, the report would consist of quotations to give the image of the report. In a qualitative research, 21

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA the researcher made accurate explanation to analyze and present what have been found.

In this research, the writer has done steps to collecting data. There are steps in collected data:

1. Reading and observin the dialogue from the script.

2. Watching, trying to understand, finding any important details that supported

this research and looking for all of utterances.

3. Collecting the data by types of illocutinary in speech acts.

4. Analyzing the effect of perlocutionary act expected by the speaker’s and

hearer’s responses.

5. Making conclusion.

3.3 Data Selecting Procedure

Not every part of the movie supports the idea. This is the reason for the writer to do those steps: Firstly, the writer watch ―The Captain Marvel‖ movie thoroughly to understand the story and to make clear of every explanation in the story that was hard for the writer to understand. Secondly, the writer chose the most powerful data in supporting idea and then underlined them to make it easier to the writer in doing analysis.

Data source are all informations or subjects that should be collected and chosen by (Moeleong, 2009:157). For the writer that data is information or topic which has correlation toward the research. The primary data of this research is the form of

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA dialogue among all of the character that taken from ―Captain Marvel‖ movie script.

The secondary data is the movie itself and other books that related to this study.

3.4 Data Analysis Method

Nazir (2005:64) says that descriptive method is a method of research that makes the description of the situation or event or occurance. It will be used in analizing the data by giving a description about kinds of directives speech acts. After that, the writer will find out the function of each kind of directives speech acts found in the data. In analyzing the data, the procedures are conducted as follows:

1. Collecting the data from Captain Marvel

2. Reading the whole script of the data

3. Selecting and grouping the data into the kinds of directives speech

4. Classifying and identifying the data

5. Analyzing the data

6. Conclusion

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter discusses Research Findings and Discussion. The description of the data is presented in research findings. While in the discussion, the researcher discusses the finding in the research with the theories that have been presented in previously.

4.1 Types of illocutionary act uttered by the main characters in the Captain

Marvel movie

The illocutionary act is performed via the communicative force of an utterance

(Yule 1996:48). Illocutionary acts have to do with the intents of speakers such as stating, questioning, promising or commanding (Wardhaugh 2006:277). The illocutionary act is analyzed based on context; it is about what’s going on behind the text. Context is the background knowledge assumed to be shared by s (speaker) and h

(hearer) and which contributes to hearer’s interpretation of what speaker means by given utterance (Leech 1983:13).

Data 1

Yon-Rogg [annoyed and tired]: Do you know what time it is?

Vers: Can't sleep.

Yon-Rogg: There are tabs for that.

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation when early morning, Vers has woken up from a dream and is now standing outside Yon-Rogg's room. When she knocks, Yon-Roog answers the door still half-asleep. Yon-Rogg wonder why Vers woke up in this time. Then Vers said “Can‟t sleep”.From the 24

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA utterance, Vers want to state that she can’t sleep last night so she woke up too early this morning. Based on the context, the utterance contains representativeillocutionary act“Can‟t sleep.” It means the speaker confirm about her idea and it classified into statement.

Data 2

Vers: I slipped.

Yon-Rogg: Right. You slipped as a result of me punching you in the face.

Vers: I was already slipping when you happened to punch me in the

face. The two events are not related.

Yon-Rogg [amused]: Tell me about this dream.

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation when Scene changes to Vers falling over. The camera then pans to show a doji-like structure, with Vers and Yon-Rogg on a mat. Yon-Rogg said Vers that she slipped as a result of her punching her in the face.Vers then said “I was already slipping when you happened to punch me in the face. The two events are not related”.From the utterance, Vers want to state that she was already slipping when Yon-Rogg happened to punch her in the face. Based on the context, the utterance contains representative illocutionary act“I was already slipping when you happened to punch me in the face. The two events are not related.” It means the speaker confirm about her idea and it classified into statement.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Data 3

Yon-Rogg: We don't know if they are locals. Too risky.

Vers: You don't have to go with me. I'll go alone.

Yon-Rogg: No! You won't.

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation when The

Accusor's ships begin firing missiles down towards the Skrull stronghold down on

Torfa. The ship containing Vers, Yon-Rogg and the other Kree follows after the missiles and crash lands in the sea. Carol and the Kree then emerge from the ship wearing masks and their green and black uniform. The Kree then swim from their ship before removing their masks. The camera follows the Kree sneaking towards the stronghold, amongst pillars of rock and mountains. ThenYon-Rogg claimed that they don't know if it all locals and too risky.Vers then answered ―You don't have to go with me. I'll go alone‖. From the utterance, Vers want to go alone without Yon-

Rogg. Based on the context, the utterance contains representativeillocutionary act“You don't have to go with me. I'll go alone.” It means the speaker suggestherthought and it classified into suggestion.

Data 4

Yon-Rogg (through Vers' earpiece): Vers? Do you copy?

Vers: How did you know the code?

General Talos: How about I tell you my secret? When you tell me yours?

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation when The scene changes back to Vers and Soh-Larr. Vers has just regained movement, however, Soh-

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Larr has transformed into Skrull General Talos. Then Yon-Rogg (through Vers' earpiece) ask Vers ifshe has copied.Vers then answered surprisingly“How did you know the code?”. From the utterance, Vers wonder how did Yon-Rogg know about the code. Based on the context, the utterance contains directive illocutionary act“How did you know the code?” It means the speaker wants the listener to say something about the question and it classified into questioning.

Data 5

Maria: On my shoulders. About to show these boys how to do it. You ready?

Vers: Higher, further, faster baby.

Maria: That's right.

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation when The scene changes to a flashback of Vers at an Airforce base. The camera is pointed towards the nose of a plane and the hangar door is opening. The angle changes to follow Vers walking towards a fighter plane. Then Maria said to them if they are ready. Vers responds then “Higher, further, faster baby.” From the utterance, Vers want to show people if she was ready. Based on the context, the utterance contains representative illocutionary act “Higher, further, faster baby.” It means the speaker confirm her thought about the question and it classified into assertion.

Data 6

Skrull Scientist (voiveover): I think we went back too far.

Vers (11-years old): You let him drive.

Skrull Scientist (voiceover): Let me try something. 27

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation whenthe scene then changes to show Vers and Monica's planes taking off, before switching to a shot of

Vers flying.The camera spins to change from a scene of Vers flying to a scene of 11- year old Vers driving around a go-kart track at a fair. Vers speeds up but crashes into the hay outlining the track. As the car tumbles, Vers sees flashes of orange and blue light similar to that of her energy blasts.Then Verssaid“You let him drive”. From the utterance, Vers want to tell Skrull Scientistabout her opinion. Based on the context, the utterance contains representative illocutionary act“You let him drive.” It means the speaker confirm her thought and it classified into claims.

Data 7

Wendy Lawson: Goose likes you. She doesn't typically take to people.

Vers: Early start to your morning.

Wendy Lawson: Ah. Late night actually, I can't sleep when there's work to do. Sound familiar?

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation whenthe scene changes to show Vers leaning against her car outside of an airplane hanger, with

Goose walking towards her. Vers leans down to pet Goose before Dr. Wendy

Lawson walks towards her. Vers then said to Wendy Lawson“Early start to your morning”.From the utterance, Vers want to ask Wendy why she woke too early this morning. Based on the context, the utterance contains representativeillocutionary act“Early start to your morning.” It means the speaker confirm her thought and it classified into claims.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Data 8

Wendy Lawson: Wonderful view isn't it?

Vers: I prefer the view from up there.

Wendy Lawson: You'll get there soon enough Ace.

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation whenWendy and

Vers turn to look at the airplanes which are taking off and landing. Wendy asked

Vers about the view when they were taking off. Vers then said“I prefer the view from up there”. From the utterance, Vers want to tell Wendy that she didn’t like the view then they were taking off.Based on the context, the utterance contains representativeillocutionary act“I prefer the view from up there.” It means the speaker wants to confirm about her ideas and it classified into assertions.

Data 9

General Talos (voiceover): Focus.

Vers: Excuse me?

General Talos (voiceover): Look down.

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation whenVers turns around to see Wendy standing behind her. Then General Talos asked Vers to focus.Vers said“excuse me?”. From the utterance, Vers want to confirm about

General Talos statement to ask her focus.Based on the context, the utterance contains directivesillocutionary act“excuse me?” It means the speaker wants to confirm about the statement before and it classified into questioning.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Data 10

Vers: What did you do to me?

General Talos: We're just after a little information.

Vers: What did you put in my head?

General Talos: Nothing that wasn't already there.

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation whenVers fights the

Skrulls in the room, before confronting Talos. Vers pushes Talos against a table, and holds a glowing orange restraint against his head. Vers asked General Talos“What did you do to me? AndWhat did you put in my head?”. From the utterances, Vers didn’t like to General Talos did to her. Based on the context, it indicatesdirectivesillocutionary actIt means the speaker wants to confirm about the statement before and it classified into questioning.

Data 11

Talos: She wanted you to help us find the core.

Vers: Well, I already destroyed it.

Talos: No, you destroyed the engine. The core that powered it is in a remote location. If you help us decode those coordinates, we can find it.

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation whenThe scene suddenly changes back into the present day, outside of the study. Vers is walking outside, confused. Talos state that she wanted you to help us find the core.Vers then said“Well, I already destroyed it”. Vers want to state that there is the core because she has already destroyed it. Based on the context, it indicates representative

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA illocutionary act. It means the speaker want to confirm her idea about something and it classified into claims.

Data 12

General Talos: Yeah, its like a bad trip in there. I'm not surprised you can't keep it straight. They really did a number on you.

Vers: Enough of your mind games! What do you want?

General Talos: We're looking for the location of a Doctor Lawson and

her light speed engine.

Vers: I don't know any Doctor Lawson.

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation when Vers fights the Skrulls in the room, before confronting Talos. Vers pushes Talos against a table, and holds a glowing orange restraint against his head. Vers asked General

Talos“Enough of your mind games! What do you want?”. From the utterances,

Vers didn’t like to General Talos did to her. Based on the context, it indicatesdirectives illocutionary actIt means the speaker wants to confirm about the statement before and it classified into questioning.

Data 13

Fury: Vers. Star Force. How long are you planning on being in town?

Vers: Oh, I'll be out of your hair as soon as I track down the

Skrulls which are infiltrating your planet.

Fury: Skrulls?

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation whenThe security guard nods before pointing at Vers. Vers is then seen activating her beacon, while 31

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Nick Fury walks up behind her and taps on the glass surrounding the phone booth.Vers tries to walk off, but Fury steps in front of her. Vers tries to walk off again, and Fury stops her. Then Fury asked Vers if How long sheplanned on being in town.Vers then answerd“Oh, I'll be out of your hair as soon as I track down the

Skrulls which are infiltrating your planet”. From the utterance, Vers actually want to state that she want to leave the planet soon.Based on the context, it indicates representativeillocutionary act. It means the speaker want to confirm her thought about something and it classified into assertion.

Data 14

Fury: Oh, oh, oh, oh. Hold on. How do we know that you're not one of

those... shapeshifters?

Vers: Congratulations Agent Fury. You have finally asked a relevant

question.

Fury: Oh! Congratulations to you Star Force Lady. You're under arrest.

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation when The security guard nods before pointing at Vers. Vers is then seen activating her beacon, while

Nick Fury walks up behind her and taps on the glass surrounding the phone booth.

Vers tries to walk off, but Fury steps in front of her. Vers tries to walk off again, and

Fury stops her. Then Fury asked VersHow do we know that you're not one of those shapeshifters. Vers then answerd“Congratulations Agent Fury. You have finally asked a relevant question.”. From the utterance, Vers actually want to state that she finally hear the rasionable question from Fury in this time.Based on the context, it

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA indicatesexpressivesillocutionary act.It means the speaker want to confirm her thought about something and it classified into congratulating.

Data 15

Fury: I was never one to believe in aliens. But I can't unsee that.

Vers: This is gonna get a little awkward but I gotta ask.

Fury: You think I'm one of those green things.

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation whenThe scene changes to Vers driving the motorcycle across the desert on an almost empty highway. She overtakes a car, then pulls into a parking lot outside of a bar before walking inside. Vers looks around, remembering the vision from the Skrull interrogation of her and Maria inside the bar. The camera pans to show visions of

Vers playing an arcade game, drinking with Maria and singing karaoke. Vers then walks over to a wall covered in pictures of Air Force fighter jets, before fixating on one with the Pegasus logo on the tail. While Vers is looking at the photos, the bartender walks past her. Vers then walks behind the bartender and into view. The bartender then walks away confused.Fury then said that she was never one to believe in aliens,but she can't unsee that.Then Vers said“This is gonna get a little awkward but I gotta ask”, they are some utterance that indicatescommisivesillocutionary act.It means the speaker have a plan to ask about that aliens and it classified into promising.

Data 16

Fury: You think I'm one of those green things.

Vers: Can't be too careful.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Fury: You are looking at 100 percent red-blooded Earthman.

Vers: I'm afraid I'm gonna need proof.

Fury: We talking cheek swab or urine sample.

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation when The scene changes to Vers driving the motorcycle across the desert on an almost empty highway. She overtakes a car, then pulls into a parking lot outside of a bar before walking inside. Vers looks around, remembering the vision from the Skrull interrogation of her and Maria inside the bar. The camera pans to show visions of

Vers playing an arcade game, drinking with Maria and singing karaoke. Vers then walks over to a wall covered in pictures of Air Force fighter jets, before fixating on one with the Pegasus logo on the tail. While Vers is looking at the photos, the bartender walks past her. Vers then walks behind the bartender and into view. The bartender then walks away confused. Vers is interviewing Fury at the time. Based on the Fury answering, ThenVers said “I'm afraid I'm gonna need proof”, they are some utterance that indicatesdirectivesillocutionary act.It means the speaker want to state about her thoughtand ask someone to do something to proof her statement and it classified into commands.

Data 17

Fury: Well my AOL password.

Vers: Skrulls can only assume recent memories of their host bodies.

Fury: Oh oh! You wanna get personal.

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation when The scene changes to Vers driving the motorcycle across the desert on an almost empty highway. She

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA overtakes a car, then pulls into a parking lot outside of a bar before walking inside.

Vers looks around, remembering the vision from the Skrull interrogation of her and

Maria inside the bar. The camera pans to show visions of Vers playing an arcade game, drinking with Maria and singing karaoke. Vers then walks over to a wall covered in pictures of Air Force fighter jets, before fixating on one with the Pegasus logo on the tail. While Vers is looking at the photos, the bartender walks past her.

Vers then walks behind the bartender and into view. The bartender then walks away confused. Vers is interviewing Fury at the time and Fury try to explained that she wasn’t Skrull. Based on the Fury answering, then Vers said “Skrulls can only assume recent memories of their host bodies.”.From the utterance, Vers didn’t belive in Fury answer. They are some utterance that indicatesrepresentativeillocutionary act.It means the speaker want to state about her thought and it classified into assertion.

Data 18

Fury: And how is that supposed to prove to me that your not a

Skrull?

Vers: It's a photon blast.

Fury: And...?

Vers: A Skrull can't do that. So a full-bred colonel turned spy turned SHIELD agent must have pretty high-security clearance.

Where's Pegasus?

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation whenVers calmly blasts energy out of her fists towards a jukebox on the opposite side of the room before resting her head back on her fist. Fury continues to look towards the jukebox,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA both concerned and confused.Now Fury want to interview Vers in proving her not a

Skrull. Vers then said“It's a photon blast”. Fury wondering about Vers’ answer. But then Vers explain more that aSkrull can't do that. So a full-bred colonel turned spy turned SHIELD agent must have pretty high-security clearance.Based on the context, the utterance indicatesrepresentativeillocutionary act.It means the speaker wants confirm about something and it classified into claims.

Data 19

Fury: Well, she's dead.

Vers: What?

Fury: She crashed the ASIS aircraft during an unauthorized test flight. Took a pilot down with her. That's why security here's so unfriendly. They're covering up a billion dollar mistake. Oh, and your light-speed engine is toast.

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation whenVers and

Fury walk into the records room. The room is originally dark, but the lights turn on row by row revealing a massive warehouse of shelves full of boxes. Vers and Fury walk past a few aisles before stopping and turning into one. Vers looks at all the boxes carefully before finding the one she wants.Vers pulls two boxes off the shelf.

She hands the first to Fury and then places the second on the floor before removing files. Randomly, Goose appears at the end of the aisle.Fury shows Vers a page from a notebook, covered in hieroglyphics which Vers instantly recognizes. Vers then said

Lawson is Kree but Fury suddenly said that she was dead.Vers feel surprised and asked “what?”. From the utterance, Vers didn’t believe in Fury statement. Based on

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA the contextthe utterance indicatesdirective illocutionary act.It means the speaker wants to know about something and it classified into questioning.

Data 20

Fury: Do you know how to fly this thing?

Vers: Uh... we'll see.

Fury: That's a yes or no question.

The context of this dialogue shows about the conversation whenFury hands over his pager, as the agents slam into the door behind them. The agents are heard struggling, but Vers and Fury run over towards cover. The agents eventually push through, but Vers and Fury are already hidden behind a tower of boxes. Vers then observes her surroundings, looking for a way out before hitting Fury and gesturing towards a plane, which has a striking resemblance to a Star Wars ship. The agents continue to search, even walking past were Vers and Fury were hiding, but the duo are already in the cockpit. Then Fury asked Vers if she can fly this thing.Vers then said“we‟ll see”. From the utterance, Vers want to say yes that she can fly this thing but the answer make Fury feel confused. Based on the context, the utterance indicates representativeillocutionary act.It means the speaker wants the confirm about something and it classified into assertions.

4.2 The Perlocutionary Act Expected by The Speaker to The Hearer’s

Responses in The Captain Marvel Movie

Perlocutionary act is the hearer’s reaction toward the speaker’s utterance. Thus, an utterance can cause the hearer to do something. In addition, perlocutionary act is

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA an act to influence the hearer such as, embarrassing, intimidating, and persuading and so on (Nadar 2003: 15).

Data 1

Yon-Rogg [annoyed and tired]: Do you know what time it is?

Vers: Can't sleep.

Yon-Rogg: There are tabs for that.

In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. Yon-Rogg respons Vers’ statement and try to give a solution.

Data 2

Vers: I slipped.

Yon-Rogg: Right. You slipped as a result of me punching you in the face.

Vers: I was already slipping when you happened to punch me in the

face. The two events are not related.

Yon-Rogg [amused]: Tell me about this dream.

In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. Yon-RoggresponsVers’ statement and try to ask about her dream.

Data 3

Yon-Rogg: We don't know if they are locals. Too risky.

Vers: You don't have to go with me. I'll go alone.

Yon-Rogg: No! You won't. 38

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. Yon-RoggresponsVers’ statement and try to trust her that he will follow her.

Data 4

Yon-Rogg (through Vers' earpiece): Vers? Do you copy?

Vers: How did you know the code?

General Talos: How about I tell you my secret? When you tell me yours?

In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. General TalosresponsVers’ statement and try to give a inform Vers about his secret.

Data 5

Maria: On my shoulders. About to show these boys how to do it. You ready?

Vers: Higher, further, faster baby.

Maria: That's right.

In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. MariaresponsVers’ statement and appreciate it.

Data 6

Skrull Scientist (voiveover): I think we went back too far.

Vers (11-years old): You let him drive.

Skrull Scientist (voiceover): Let me try something.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. Skrull ScientistresponsVers’ statement and try to believe Vers for what he did.

Data 7

Wendy Lawson: Goose likes you. She doesn't typically take to people.

Vers: Early start to your morning.

Wendy Lawson: Ah. Late night actually, I can't sleep when there's work to do. Sound familiar?

In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. WendyresponsVers’ statement and try to explain about her condition.

Data 8

Wendy Lawson: Wonderful view isn't it?

Vers: I prefer the view from up there.

Wendy Lawson: You'll get there soon enough Ace.

In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. WendyresponsVers’ statement and try inform that they will get there soon.

Data 9

General Talos (voiceover): Focus.

Vers: Excuse me?

[Wendy Lawson talks, however her voice is drowned out by General

Talos' voiceover]

General Talos (voiceover): Look down.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker isn’t succeeded because there is no hearer’s response/answer. General Talos didn’t respondVers’ statement and just try to tell something new.

Data 10

Vers: What did you do to me?

General Talos: We're just after a little information.

Vers: What did you put in my head?

General Talos: Nothing that wasn't already there.

In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. General TalosresponsVers’ statement and try to give an answer.

Data 11

Talos: She wanted you to help us find the core.

Vers: Well, I already destroyed it.

Talos: No, you destroyed the engine. The core that powered it is in a remote location. If you help us decode those coordinates, we can find it.

In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. TalosresponsVers’ statement and try make a straight of Vers answer.

Data 12

General Talos: Yeah, its like a bad trip in there. I'm not surprised you can't keep it straight. They really did a number on you.

Vers: Enough of your mind games! What do you want?

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA General Talos: We're looking for the location of a Doctor Lawson and her light speed engine.

Vers: I don't know any Doctor Lawson.

In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. Yon-RoggresponsVers’ statement and try to answer Vers’ question.

Data 13

Fury: Vers. Star Force. How long are you planning on being in town?

Vers: Oh, I'll be out of your hair as soon as I track down the

Skrulls which are infiltrating your planet.

Fury: Skrulls?

In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. Fury responsVers’ statement and try to ask for more detail.

Data 14

Fury: Oh, oh, oh, oh. Hold on. How do we know that you're not one of those... shapeshifters?

Vers: Congratulations Agent Fury. You have finally asked a relevant

question.

Fury: Oh! Congratulations to you Star Force Lady. You're under arrest.

In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. FuryresponsVers’ statement and try to tell her about her faith.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Data 15

Fury: I was never one to believe in aliens. But I can't unsee that.

Vers: This is gonna get a little awkward but I gotta ask.

Fury: You think I'm one of those green things.

In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. FuryresponsVers’ statement and try to explain about herself.

Data 16

Fury: You think I'm one of those green things.

Vers: Can't be too careful.

Fury: You are looking at 100 percent red-blooded Earthman.

Vers: I'm afraid I'm gonna need proof.

Fury: We talking cheek swab or urine sample.

In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. Fury responsVers’ statement and try to explain about herself.

Data 17

Fury: Well my AOL password.

Vers: Skrulls can only assume recent memories of their host bodies.

Fury: Oh oh! You wanna get personal.

In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. Fury responsVers’ statement and try to explain about herself.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Data 18

Fury: And how is that supposed to prove to me that your not a

Skrull?

Vers: It's a photon blast.

Fury: And...?

Vers: A Skrull can't do that. So a full-bred colonel turned spy turned SHIELD agent must have pretty high-security clearance.

Where's Pegasus?

In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. Fury responsVers’ statement and try to ask more information.

Data 19

Fury: Well, she's dead.

Vers: What?

In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. Fury responsVers’ statement and try to explain about more information.

Data 20

Fury: Do you know how to fly this thing?

Vers: Uh... we'll see.

Fury: That's a yes or no question.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA In data above the perlocutionary act expected by the speaker succeeded because there is hearer’s response/answer. Fury responsVers’ statement and try to ask about clear information.

From the whole analysis above, the writer gives an argument that thesuccess of perlocutionary acts more often occurred in this research than the failure of the perlocutionary acts.

The overall conversations also usually occur in the market or crowded place so that the speakers in that session Vers certainly have a power and the hearers must do what the speaker commands. However, there are also some data when the failure of perlocutionary acts occur, among which when Talos asked Vers to focus in this condition.Unbelievable of what she was hearing, Vers confirm Talos statement but there is no respond from anybody. when Vers turns around to see Wendy standing behind her. Then General Talos asked Vers to focus. Vers said ―excuse me?‖. From the utterance, Vers want to confirm about General Talos statement to ask her focus.

This failure occurs because the specific situation makes it less possible for the interlocutor to fulfill Vers’ illocutionary act. Unfulfilled perlocutionary acts often occur in aemergency situation.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION

5.1 Conclusion

Based on the data analysis, the writer concludes the results and the significances of this research as described below. The writer has analyzed 20 data randomly from the Captain Marvel’s movie manuscript that are classified according to John. R. Searle’s theory of illocutionary acts. The first type is Directives which consists commanding, ordering and asking. The second type is representatives which contains asserting, describing, insisting, and statement of fact. The third type is commissives which consists promising and threatening. The fourth type isdeclarations which consists adjournment and admission. The last type is expressives which expresses apologizing, complimenting, condolence andthanking.

Firstly, the some types of illocutionary act which occur in this conversation are averagely same so five types of illocutionary acts occur in this data analysis.

However, the types of representatives illocutionary act are more dominant in this research because, according to the setting and the situation of this film, representative are more often occurred, to support the main character’s action.

Secondly, 19 data of the illocutionary acts in this conversation get many perlocutionary acts from the hearers as the effects of perlocutionary act that was expected from hearer’s responses. But 1 more data has no responses. There are two kinds of perlocutionary acts which occur in this film they are success and failure, the

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA success of perlocutionary acts more often occurred in this research than the failure of the perlocutionary acts. However, there are also some data when the failures of perlocutionary acts occur. This failure occurs because the specific situation makes it less possible for them interlocutor to fulfill main character’s illocutionary act such in an emergency situation.

5.2. Suggestion

After analyzing the data and summarizing the conclusion, the researcher suggests to linguistics students who want to do a research in pragmatic approach,they can explore deeper about speech act theory. In addition, other researchers canobserve other media or clues such as body language to see whether theperlocutionary act is fulfilled or no.

Based on this research the writer hopes that there will be other researcherswho will conduct the same topic to complete this research for linguisticsdevelopment although in a different field. Moreover, the researcher hopes that thisresearch will give a contribution to the readers a better understanding of speechacts, and can be an additional reference for those who are interested in learningmore about speech acts.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA REFERENCES

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ______. 1976. A Classification of Illocutionary Acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ______. 1979. Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Act. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sutopo, H.B. 2002. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Surakarta: Sebelas Maret University Press.Wijana, I.D.P. (1996). Dasar-dasar Pragmatik.Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi. Yule, George. 1996. Pragmatics(Oxford Introductions to LanguageStudy).New York. Oxford University Press. Wardhaugh, Ronald. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2006. Print. Wijana, Dewa Putu. 1996. Dasar-dasarPragmatik, Yogyakarta: Andi Offset, 1996. Print. https://marvelcinematicuniverse.fandom.com/wiki/Captain_Marvel_(film) https://transcripts.fandom.com/wiki/Captain_Marvel_(2019)

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